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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">mou a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">amaga</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navegació </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portada" title="Visiteu la pàgina principal [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Portada</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Article_aleatori" title="Carrega una pàgina a l’atzar [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Article a l'atzar</span></a></li><li id="n-Articles-de-qualitat" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Articles_de_qualitat"><span>Articles de qualitat</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Comunitat" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Comunitat" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Comunitat </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Portal" title="Sobre el projecte, què podeu fer, on trobareu les coses"><span>Portal viquipedista</span></a></li><li id="n-Agenda-d'actes" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Trobades"><span>Agenda d'actes</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Canvis_recents" title="Una llista dels canvis recents al wiki [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Canvis recents</span></a></li><li id="n-La-taverna" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:La_taverna"><span>La taverna</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Contacte"><span>Contacte</span></a></li><li id="n-Xat" 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role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Aparença" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Aparença</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ca.wikipedia.org&uselang=ca" class=""><span>Donatius</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Crea_compte&returnto=Capital+d%27inversi%C3%B3" title="Us animem a crear un compte i iniciar una sessió, encara que no és obligatori" class=""><span>Crea un compte</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Registre_i_entrada&returnto=Capital+d%27inversi%C3%B3" title="Us animem a registrar-vos, però no és obligatori [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Inicia la 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<span>Inicia la sessió</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pàgines per a editors no registrats <a href="/wiki/Ajuda:Introducci%C3%B3" aria-label="Vegeu més informació sobre l'edició"><span>més informació</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Contribucions_pr%C3%B2pies" title="Una llista de les modificacions fetes des d'aquesta adreça IP [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contribucions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Discussi%C3%B3_personal" title="Discussió sobre les edicions per aquesta adreça ip. [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Discussió per aquest IP</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Lloc"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contingut" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contingut</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mou a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">amaga</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inici</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Característiques" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Característiques"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Característiques</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Característiques-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referències" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referències"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Referències</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referències-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Bibliografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contingut" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Commuta la taula de continguts." > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Commuta la taula de continguts.</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Capital d'inversió</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vés a un article en una altra llengua. Disponible en 34 llengües" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-34" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">34 llengües</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%B3%D9%87%D9%85_%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%A9" title="أسهم خاصة - àrab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أسهم خاصة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="àrab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Дялов капитал - búlgar" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Дялов капитал" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="búlgar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soukrom%C3%BD_kapit%C3%A1l" title="Soukromý kapitál - txec" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Soukromý kapitál" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="txec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Private_Equity" title="Private Equity - alemany" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Private Equity" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemany" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%99%CE%B4%CE%B9%CF%89%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AC_%CE%B5%CF%80%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%B4%CF%85%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AC_%CE%BA%CE%B5%CF%86%CE%AC%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%B9%CE%B1" title="Ιδιωτικά επενδυτικά κεφάλαια - grec" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ιδιωτικά επενδυτικά κεφάλαια" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Private_equity" title="Private equity - anglès" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Private equity" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital_inversi%C3%B3n" title="Capital inversión - espanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Capital inversión" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%87%E2%80%8C%DA%AF%D8%B0%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%AE%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%B5%DB%8C" title="سرمایه‌گذاری خصوصی - persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سرمایه‌گذاری خصوصی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Private_equity" title="Private equity - finès" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Private equity" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital-investissement" title="Capital-investissement - francès" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Capital-investissement" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%9F_%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%A7%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%98%D7%99%D7%95%D7%AA" title="קרן השקעות פרטיות - hebreu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קרן השקעות פרטיות" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%B8%D6%80_%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%AB%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%AC" title="Մասնավոր կապիտալ - armeni" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մասնավոր կապիտալ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Private_equity" title="Private equity - italià" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Private equity" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%AA%E5%85%AC%E9%96%8B%E6%A0%AA" title="未公開株 - japonès" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="未公開株" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%AB%E1%83%9D_%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%9E%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="კერძო კაპიტალი - georgià" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კერძო კაპიტალი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%96%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%BF_%E0%B2%B7%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%B3%E0%B3%81" title="ಖಾಸಗಿ ಷೇರುಗಳು - kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಖಾಸಗಿ ಷೇರುಗಳು" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%94%84%EB%9D%BC%EC%9D%B4%EB%B9%97%EC%97%90%EC%BF%BC%ED%8B%B0" title="프라이빗에쿼티 - coreà" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="프라이빗에쿼티" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreà" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Privatusis_kapitalas" title="Privatusis kapitalas - lituà" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Privatusis kapitalas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituà" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Priv%C4%81tais_kapit%C4%81ls" title="Privātais kapitāls - letó" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Privātais kapitāls" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B2" title="खाजगी भांडवल - marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="खाजगी भांडवल" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Private_equity" title="Private equity - neerlandès" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Private equity" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aktivt_eierfond" title="Aktivt eierfond - noruec bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Aktivt eierfond" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="noruec bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Private_equity" title="Private equity - polonès" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Private equity" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Private_equity" title="Private equity - portuguès" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Private equity" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portuguès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Investi%C8%9Bii_de_capital" title="Investiții de capital - romanès" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Investiții de capital" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Частные капиталовложения - rus" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Частные капиталовложения" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Private_equity" title="Private equity - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Private equity" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Private_equity" title="Private equity - eslovac" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Private equity" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81" title="தனியார் சமபங்கு - tàmil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="தனியார் சமபங்கு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tàmil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96zel_sermaye" title="Özel sermaye - turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Özel sermaye" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%96_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Приватні капіталовкладення - ucraïnès" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Приватні капіталовкладення" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraïnès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xususiy_kapital" title="Xususiy kapital - uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Xususiy kapital" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A7%81%E4%BA%BA%E8%82%A1%E6%9D%83%E6%8A%95%E8%B5%84" title="私人股权投资 - xinès" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="私人股权投资" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="xinès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A7%81%E4%BA%BA%E8%82%A1%E6%AC%8A%E6%8A%95%E8%B3%87" title="私人股權投資 - cantonès" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="私人股權投資" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q476115#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifica enllaços interlingües" class="wbc-editpage">Modifica els enllaços</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espais de noms"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu 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id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ca" dir="ltr"><p>El <b>capital d'inversió</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> conegut en anglès com a <i>private equity</i> (PE) és el <a href="/wiki/Capital_social" title="Capital social">capital social</a> d'una <a href="/wiki/Empresa_privada" title="Empresa privada">empresa privada</a> que no ofereix accions al públic en general. En l'àmbit financer, el capital d'inversió s'ofereix en canvi a <a href="/wiki/Fons_d%27inversi%C3%B3" title="Fons d'inversió">fons d'inversió</a> especialitzats i a <a href="/wiki/Societat_limitada" class="mw-redirect" title="Societat limitada">societats limitades</a> que prenen un paper actiu en la gestió i l'estructuració de les empreses. En l'ús informal, "capital d'inversió" pot referir-se a aquestes empreses d'inversió en lloc de les empreses en què inverteixen.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Aquest tipus d'inversió en capital es duu a terme de diverses maneres, ja sigui mitjançant una societat de gestió d'inversions (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Empresa_de_capital_d%27inversi%C3%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Empresa de capital d'inversió (encara no existeix)">empresa de capital d'inversió</a>), un <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fons_de_capital_risc&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fons de capital risc (encara no existeix)">fons de capital risc</a> o un <a href="/wiki/%C3%80ngel_inversor" title="Àngel inversor">àngel inversor</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cada categoria d'inversor té objectius financers específics, preferències de gestió i estratègies d'inversió per treure profit de les seves inversions. El capital d'inversió proporciona capital circulant a l'empresa on s'ha invertit, fet que l'ajuda a finançar la seva expansió, sigui amb el desenvolupament de nous productes i serveis, amb la reestructuració de les operacions, o la gestió i el control formal de la propietat de l'empresa.<sup id="cite_ref-PrivCo.com_Private_Company_Knowledge_Bank2_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PrivCo.com_Private_Company_Knowledge_Bank2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Com a producte financer, un <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fons_de_capital_d%27inversi%C3%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fons de capital d'inversió (encara no existeix)">fons de capital d'inversió</a> és un tipus de capital privat per finançar una estratègia d'inversió a llarg termini en una empresa comercial il·líquida. La inversió en fons de capital d'inversió<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ha estat descrita per la premsa financera com un canvi de marca superficial de les empreses de gestió d'inversions especialitzades en la compra apalancada d'empreses financerament dèbils.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Les avaluacions de la rendibilitat del capital d'inversió són mixtes: alguns troben que supera el capital públic mentre que altres troben que no.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Característiques"><span id="Caracter.C3.ADstiques"></span>Característiques</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Capital_d%27inversi%C3%B3&action=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la secció: Característiques"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Algunes de les característiques clau d'aquest tipus de capital són: </p> <ul><li>Un <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gestor_d%27inversions&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gestor d'inversions (encara no existeix)">gestor d'inversions</a> (l'inversor de capital d'inversió) recapta diners d'inversors institucionals (per exemple, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fons_de_cobertura&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fons de cobertura (encara no existeix)">fons de cobertura</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fons_de_pensions&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fons de pensions (encara no existeix)">fons de pensions</a> i de persones amb un <a href="/wiki/Patrimoni_net" title="Patrimoni net">patrimoni net</a> molt alt) per dur a terme una estratègia d'inversió determinada. Els ingressos de la recaptació de fons es col·loquen en un <a href="/wiki/Fons_d%27inversi%C3%B3" title="Fons d'inversió">fons d'inversió</a>, en el qual el gestor d'inversions actua com a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Soci_general&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Soci general (encara no existeix)">soci general</a> (GP) i els inversors institucionals actuen com a socis limitats.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li>A continuació, el gestor d'inversions adquireix participacions en el capital d'empreses utilitzant una combinació de finançament amb capital i deute, amb l'objectiu de generar rendiments sobre el capital invertit, incloses les inversions posteriors en capital de les empreses objectiu, en un horitzó objectiu basat en el fons d'inversió en particular i en l'estratègia en concret, que sovint va dels 4 als 7 anys.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li>Des d'una perspectiva de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Model_financer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Model financer (encara no existeix)">modelització financera</a>, les <a href="/wiki/Palanca" title="Palanca">palanques</a> principals de què disposen els inversors de capital d'inversió per generar rendiments són: <ul><li>Creixement dels ingressos</li> <li>Expansió del marge (normalment un marge <a href="/wiki/EBITDA" title="EBITDA">EBITDA</a>)</li> <li>Generació gratuïta de flux de caixa / pagament del deute</li> <li>Expansió múltiple de valoració (normalment un múltiple de valor empresarial / EBITDA)</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Les estratègies de <a href="/wiki/Valoraci%C3%B3_de_les_accions" title="Valoració de les accions">creació de valor</a> poden variar àmpliament segons el fons de capital d'inversió. Per exemple, alguns inversors poden apuntar a augmentar les vendes en mercats nous o existents (fomentant el creixement dels ingressos), mentre que altres poden intentar <a href="/wiki/Cost" title="Cost">reduir costos</a> mitjançant la reducció de la <a href="/wiki/Plantilla" title="Plantilla">plantilla</a> (ampliant els marges). Moltes estratègies incorporen una certa quantitat de reestructuració del govern corporatiu, per exemple, la creació d'un Consell d'Administració o l'actualització de l'estructura de sistemes de gestió directiva i de seguiment i avaluació.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Després d'una sèrie d'operacions fallides d'alt perfil,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> l'ús agressiu de palanquejament per part dels fons de capital d'inversió ha disminuït en les últimes dècades: el 2005, aproximadament el 70% de l'adquisició mitjana de capital privat representava deute, mentre que aquest percentatge era més proper al 50% el 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Les empreses que assumeixen grans riscos operacionals solen aplicar nivells de palanquejament molt més baixos a les empreses adquirides per tal de proporcionar a la gestió més flexibilitat financera. Les empreses que assumeixen menys riscos operacionals sovint intentaran maximitzar l'apalancament disponible i se centren en inversions que generen fluxos d'efectiu sòlids i estables necessaris per atendre els saldos de deute més alts.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Amb el temps, el concepte "capital d'inversió" o <i>private equity</i> ha arribat a referir-se a moltes estratègies d'inversió diferents, com ara la compra apalancada, la compra d'actius en dificultats, el <a href="/wiki/Capital_de_risc" title="Capital de risc">capital risc</a>, el <a href="/w/index.php?title=Capital_de_creixement&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Capital de creixement (encara no existeix)">capital de creixement</a> o el <a href="/w/index.php?title=Finan%C3%A7ament_d%27expansi%C3%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Finançament d'expansió (encara no existeix)">finançament d'expansió</a> <i>(mezzanine capital)</i><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Una de les diferències més destacables entre les compres palanquejades i les altres estratègies és que les compres són generalment "posicions de capital de control", ja que els fons de compra solen adquirir participacions majoritàries de les seves empreses objectiu, mentre que altres estratègies d'inversió solen adquirir menys participacions, reduint la seva capacitat d'efectuar canvis transformadors a les empreses objectiu. </p><p>Per a grans operacions, els inversors de capital d'inversió sovint inverteixen junts en un sindicat, per tal de beneficiar-se conjuntament de la diversificació de l'exposició, la informació i les habilitats complementàries dels inversors i una connectivitat augmentada per a futures inversions.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referències"><span id="Refer.C3.A8ncies"></span>Referències</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Capital_d%27inversi%C3%B3&action=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la secció: Referències"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist {{#if: | references-column-count references-column-count-{{{col}}}" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.termcat.cat/es/diccionaris-en-linia/176/fitxa/Mjg4MjMyMQ==">capital d'inversió - Tesaurus de termes de recerca | TERMCAT</a>». [Consulta: 1r agost 2024].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Investments in private equity <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bvca.co.uk/publications/guide/intro.html">An Introduction to Private Equity</a>, including differences in terminology. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160105001859/http://www.bvca.co.uk/publications/guide/intro.html">Arxivat</a> 5 January 2016 a <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.termcat.cat/ca/cercaterm/fitxa/MjA4NTAx">àngel inversor - Cercaterm | TERMCAT</a>». [Consulta: 1r agost 2024].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PrivCo.com_Private_Company_Knowledge_Bank2-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-PrivCo.com_Private_Company_Knowledge_Bank2_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.privco.com/knowledge-bank/VentureCapitalInvesting">Venture Capital Investing</a>».  PrivCo. [Consulta: 25 abril 2022].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uspec.org/blog/winning-strategy-for-better-investment-decisions-in-private-equity">Winning Strategy For Better Investment Decisions In Private Equity</a>». <i>USPEC</i>, 05-11-2019. [Consulta: 27 gener 2020].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-:0_6-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2019-10-03/how-private-equity-works-and-took-over-everything">Everything is Private Equity Now</a>». <i>Bloomberg</i>, 03-10-2019. [Consulta: 15 agost 2021].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/content/55837df7-876f-42cd-a920-02ff74970098">Is private equity actually worth it?</a>». <i>Financial Times</i>, 05-03-2024.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.morganstanley.com/im/en-us/individual-investor/insights/articles/abcs-of-private-equity-gp-stakes.html">The ABCs of Private Equity GP Stakes</a>». <i>Morgan Stanley Investment Management</i>. [Consulta: 17 abril 2023].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/wealth-management/private-equity-funds/">Private Equity Funds</a>» (en anglès americà). <i>Corporate Finance Institute</i>. [Consulta: 17 abril 2023].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Babcock</span>, Ariel; <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Tellez</span>, Victoria. «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://corpgov.law.harvard.edu/2021/08/08/the-missing-element-of-private-equity/">The Missing Element of Private Equity</a>» (en anglès). <i>The Harvard Law School Forum on Corporate Governance</i>, 08-08-2021. [Consulta: 17 abril 2023].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.institutionalinvestor.com/article/b15bvrspw3fq7q/private-equitys-trail-of-bankrupt-retailers">Private Equity's Trail of Bankrupt Retailers</a>» (en anglès britànic). <i>Institutional Investor</i>, 26-10-2017. [Consulta: 17 abril 2023].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.investmentcouncil.org/private-equity-uses-lower-leverage-than-before/">Debt Levels in Private Equity Investments Have Dropped Significantly</a>» (en anglès). <i>American Investment Council</i>, 09-04-2021. [Consulta: 17 abril 2023].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">; <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Goold</span>, Michael «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hbr.org/2007/09/the-strategic-secret-of-private-equity">The Strategic Secret of Private Equity</a>». <i>Harvard Business Review</i>, 01-09-2007.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.termcat.cat/oc/diccionaris-en-linia/207/fitxa/MzE5NzY2OA==">finançament d'expansió - Consulteca | TERMCAT</a>». [Consulta: 1r agost 2024].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Huyghebaert</span>, Nancy; <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Priem</span>, Randy «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jacf.12209">Syndication of European Buyouts and its Effects on Target-Firm Performance</a>» (en anglès). <i>Journal of Applied Corporate Finance</i>, vol. 28, 4, 2017, pàg. 95–117. <a href="/wiki/DOI" title="DOI">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1111%2Fjacf.12209">10.1111/jacf.12209</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN" title="ISSN">ISSN</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1078-1196">1078-1196</a>.</span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Capital_d%27inversi%C3%B3&action=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la secció: Bibliografia"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal">David Stowell. <i>An Introduction to Investment Banks, Hedge Funds, and Private Equity: The New Paradigm</i>.  Academic Press, 2010.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Introduction+to+Investment+Banks%2C+Hedge+Funds%2C+and+Private+Equity%3A+The+New+Paradigm&rft.au=David+Stowell&rft.date=2010&rft.pub=Academic+Press"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal">Lemke, Thomas P.. <i>Hedge Funds and Other Private Funds: Regulation and Compliance</i>.  Thomson West, 2013.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hedge+Funds+and+Other+Private+Funds%3A+Regulation+and+Compliance&rft.au=Lemke%2C+Thomas+P.&rft.date=2013&rft.pub=Thomson+West"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal">Cendrowski, Harry. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/privateequityhis0000unse_k4z2"><i>Private Equity: History, Governance, and Operations</i></a>.  Hoboken: <a href="/wiki/John_Wiley_%26_Sons" class="mw-redirect" title="John Wiley & Sons">John Wiley & Sons</a>, 2008. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-0-470-17846-1" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-0-470-17846-1">ISBN 978-0-470-17846-1</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Private+Equity%3A+History%2C+Governance%2C+and+Operations&rft.au=Cendrowski%2C+Harry&rft.date=2008&rft.pub=%5B%5BJohn+Wiley+%26+Sons%5D%5D&rft.place=Hoboken&rft.isbn=978-0-470-17846-1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fprivateequityhis0000unse_k4z2"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal">Kocis, James M.. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780470421895"><i>Inside Private Equity: The Professional Investor's Handbook</i></a>.  Hoboken: <a href="/wiki/John_Wiley_%26_Sons" class="mw-redirect" title="John Wiley & Sons">John Wiley & Sons</a>, 2009. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-0-470-42189-5" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-0-470-42189-5">ISBN 978-0-470-42189-5</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Inside+Private+Equity%3A+The+Professional+Investor%27s+Handbook&rft.au=Kocis%2C+James+M.&rft.date=2009&rft.pub=%5B%5BJohn+Wiley+%26+Sons%5D%5D&rft.place=Hoboken&rft.isbn=978-0-470-42189-5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_9780470421895"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal">Davidoff, Steven M.. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/godsatwarshotgun0000davi"><i>Gods at War: Shot-gun Takeovers, Government by Deal and the Private Equity Implosion</i></a>.  Hoboken: <a href="/wiki/John_Wiley_%26_Sons" class="mw-redirect" title="John Wiley & Sons">John Wiley & Sons</a>, 2009. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-0-470-43129-0" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-0-470-43129-0">ISBN 978-0-470-43129-0</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gods+at+War%3A+Shot-gun+Takeovers%2C+Government+by+Deal+and+the+Private+Equity+Implosion&rft.au=Davidoff%2C+Steven+M.&rft.date=2009&rft.pub=%5B%5BJohn+Wiley+%26+Sons%5D%5D&rft.place=Hoboken&rft.isbn=978-0-470-43129-0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgodsatwarshotgun0000davi"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal">Davis, E. Philip. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/institutionalinv0000davi"><i>Institutional Investors</i></a>.  MIT Press, 2001. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-0-262-04192-8" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-0-262-04192-8">ISBN 978-0-262-04192-8</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Institutional+Investors&rft.au=Davis%2C+E.+Philip&rft.date=2001&rft.pub=MIT+Press&rft.isbn=978-0-262-04192-8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Finstitutionalinv0000davi"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal">Maxwell, Ray. <i>Private Equity Funds: A Practical Guide for Investors</i>.  New York: <a href="/wiki/John_Wiley_%26_Sons" class="mw-redirect" title="John Wiley & Sons">John Wiley & Sons</a>, 2007. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-0-470-02818-6" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-0-470-02818-6">ISBN 978-0-470-02818-6</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Private+Equity+Funds%3A+A+Practical+Guide+for+Investors&rft.au=Maxwell%2C+Ray&rft.date=2007&rft.pub=%5B%5BJohn+Wiley+%26+Sons%5D%5D&rft.place=New+York&rft.isbn=978-0-470-02818-6"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFLeleux2006"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Leleux</span>, Benoit. <i>Growth at All Costs: Private Equity as Capitalism on Steroids</i>.  Basingstoke: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Palgrave_Macmillan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palgrave Macmillan (encara no existeix)">Palgrave Macmillan</a>, 2006. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-1-4039-8634-4" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-1-4039-8634-4">ISBN 978-1-4039-8634-4</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Growth+at+All+Costs%3A+Private+Equity+as+Capitalism+on+Steroids&rft.aulast=Leleux&rft.aufirst=Benoit&rft.date=2006&rft.pub=%5B%5BPalgrave+Macmillan%5D%5D&rft.place=Basingstoke&rft.isbn=978-1-4039-8634-4"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal">Fraser-Sampson, Guy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/privateequityasa0000fras"><i>Private Equity as an Asset Class</i></a>.  Hoboken, NJ: <a href="/wiki/John_Wiley_%26_Sons" class="mw-redirect" title="John Wiley & Sons">John Wiley & Sons</a>, 2007. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-0-470-06645-4" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-0-470-06645-4">ISBN 978-0-470-06645-4</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Private+Equity+as+an+Asset+Class&rft.au=Fraser-Sampson%2C+Guy&rft.date=2007&rft.pub=%5B%5BJohn+Wiley+%26+Sons%5D%5D&rft.place=Hoboken%2C+NJ&rft.isbn=978-0-470-06645-4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fprivateequityasa0000fras"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFBassi2006"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Bassi</span>, Iggy. <i>Structuring European Private Equity</i>.  London: Euromoney Books, 2006. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-1-84374-262-3" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-1-84374-262-3">ISBN 978-1-84374-262-3</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Structuring+European+Private+Equity&rft.aulast=Bassi&rft.aufirst=Iggy&rft.date=2006&rft.pub=Euromoney+Books&rft.place=London&rft.isbn=978-1-84374-262-3"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal">Thorsten, Gröne. <i>Private Equity in Germany – Evaluation of the Value Creation Potential for German Mid-Cap Companies</i>.  Stuttgart: Ibidem-Verl, 2005. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-3-89821-620-3" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-3-89821-620-3">ISBN 978-3-89821-620-3</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Private+Equity+in+Germany+%E2%80%93+Evaluation+of+the+Value+Creation+Potential+for+German+Mid-Cap+Companies&rft.au=Thorsten%2C+Gr%C3%B6ne&rft.date=2005&rft.pub=Ibidem-Verl&rft.place=Stuttgart&rft.isbn=978-3-89821-620-3"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal">Rosenbaum, Joshua. <i>Investment Banking: Valuation, Leveraged Buyouts, and Mergers & Acquisitions</i>.  Hoboken, NJ: <a href="/wiki/John_Wiley_%26_Sons" class="mw-redirect" title="John Wiley & Sons">John Wiley & Sons</a>, 2009. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-0-470-44220-3" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-0-470-44220-3">ISBN 978-0-470-44220-3</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Investment+Banking%3A+Valuation%2C+Leveraged+Buyouts%2C+and+Mergers+%26+Acquisitions&rft.au=Rosenbaum%2C+Joshua&rft.date=2009&rft.pub=%5B%5BJohn+Wiley+%26+Sons%5D%5D&rft.place=Hoboken%2C+NJ&rft.isbn=978-0-470-44220-3"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal">Lerner, Joshua. <i>Venture Capital and Private Equity: A Casebook</i>.  New York: <a href="/wiki/John_Wiley_%26_Sons" class="mw-redirect" title="John Wiley & Sons">John Wiley & Sons</a>, 2000. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-0-471-32286-3" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-0-471-32286-3">ISBN 978-0-471-32286-3</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Venture+Capital+and+Private+Equity%3A+A+Casebook&rft.au=Lerner%2C+Joshua&rft.date=2000&rft.pub=%5B%5BJohn+Wiley+%26+Sons%5D%5D&rft.place=New+York&rft.isbn=978-0-471-32286-3"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal">Grabenwarter, Ulrich. <i>Exposed to the J Curve: Understanding and Managing Private Equity Fund Investments</i>.  London: Euromoney Institutional Investor, 2005. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-1-84374-149-7" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-1-84374-149-7">ISBN 978-1-84374-149-7</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Exposed+to+the+J+Curve%3A+Understanding+and+Managing+Private+Equity+Fund+Investments&rft.au=Grabenwarter%2C+Ulrich&rft.date=2005&rft.pub=Euromoney+Institutional+Investor&rft.place=London&rft.isbn=978-1-84374-149-7"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal">Loewen, Jacoline. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/moneymagnethowto0000loew"><i>Money Magnet: Attract Investors to Your Business</i></a>.  Canada, Toronto: <a href="/wiki/John_Wiley_%26_Sons" class="mw-redirect" title="John Wiley & Sons">John Wiley & Sons</a>, 2008. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-0-470-15575-2" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-0-470-15575-2">ISBN 978-0-470-15575-2</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Money+Magnet%3A+Attract+Investors+to+Your+Business&rft.au=Loewen%2C+Jacoline&rft.date=2008&rft.pub=%5B%5BJohn+Wiley+%26+Sons%5D%5D&rft.place=Canada%2C+Toronto&rft.isbn=978-0-470-15575-2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmoneymagnethowto0000loew"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newyorker.com/talk/financial/2012/01/30/120130ta_talk_surowiecki">Private Inequity</a> by James Surowiecki, The Financial Page, <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Yorker" title="The New Yorker">The New Yorker</a></i>, 30 January 2012.</li> <li><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal">Gilligan, John. <i>Private Equity Demystified. 4th Edition</i>.  Londres: <a href="/wiki/OUP" class="mw-disambig" title="OUP">OUP</a>, 2020. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-0-198-86699-2" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-0-198-86699-2">ISBN 978-0-198-86699-2</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Private+Equity+Demystified.+4th+Edition&rft.au=Gilligan%2C+John&rft.date=2020&rft.pub=%5B%5BOUP%5D%5D&rft.place=Londres&rft.isbn=978-0-198-86699-2"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal">Gladstone, David. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/venturecapitalin0000glad"><i>Venture Capital Investing, the complete handbook for investing in new businesses</i></a>.  Upper Saddle River, NJ: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pearson_Education&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pearson Education (encara no existeix)">Pearson Education</a>, 2004. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-0-13-101885-3" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-0-13-101885-3">ISBN 978-0-13-101885-3</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Venture+Capital+Investing%2C+the+complete+handbook+for+investing+in+new+businesses&rft.au=Gladstone%2C+David&rft.date=2004&rft.pub=%5B%5BPearson+Education%5D%5D&rft.place=Upper+Saddle+River%2C+NJ&rft.isbn=978-0-13-101885-3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fventurecapitalin0000glad"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li> <li><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Plant</span>, Nicholas; <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Gajer</span>, Paul; <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Rist</span>, Steven «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.transactionadvisors.com/insights/private-equity-transactions-uk">Private Equity Transactions in the UK</a>». <i>Transaction Advisors</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN" title="ISSN">ISSN</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/2329-9134">2329-9134</a>.</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151017041206/https://www.transactionadvisors.com/insights/private-equity-transactions-uk">Arxivat</a> 17 October 2015<span style="font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment"><sup>[Date mismatch]</sup></span> a <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r33663753">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-center{clear:both;margin:auto}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right plainlinks"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">A <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A0gina_principal?uselang=ca">Wikimedia Commons</a></span> hi ha contingut multimèdia relatiu a: <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Private_equity" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Private equity">Capital d'inversió</a></b></i></div></div> </div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Control_d%27autoritats" title="Control d'autoritats">Registres d'autoritat</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a> <span class="uid"> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://d-nb.info/gnd/7594875-8">1</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LCCN" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN">LCCN</a> <span class="uid"> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh2001009216">1</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Diet_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="National Diet Library">NDL</a> <span class="uid"> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/01171971">1</a>)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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