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<span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Roberto Rossellini</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 62 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-62" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">62 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roberto_Rossellini" title="Roberto Rossellini – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Roberto Rossellini" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%88_%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A" title="روبرتو روسيليني – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="روبرتو روسيليني" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roberto_Rossellini" title="Roberto Rossellini – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Roberto Rossellini" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roberto_Rossellini" title="Roberto Rossellini – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Roberto Rossellini" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roberto_Rossellini" title="Roberto Rossellini – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Roberto Rossellini" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8B_%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF" title="রোবার্তো রোসেলিনি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="রোবার্তো রোসেলিনি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%96" title="Раберта Раселіні – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Раберта Раселіні" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BE_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Роберто Роселини – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Роберто Роселини" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roberto_Rossellini" title="Roberto Rossellini – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Roberto Rossellini" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BE_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Роберто Росселлини – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Роберто Росселлини" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roberto_Rossellini" title="Roberto Rossellini – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Roberto Rossellini" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roberto_Rossellini" title="Roberto Rossellini – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Roberto Rossellini" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roberto_Rossellini" title="Roberto Rossellini – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Roberto Rossellini" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A1%CE%BF%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%AD%CF%81%CF%84%CE%BF_%CE%A1%CE%BF%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B5%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B9" title="Ρομπέρτο Ροσσελλίνι – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ρομπέρτο Ροσσελλίνι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roberto_Rossellini" title="Roberto Rossellini – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Roberto Rossellini" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roberto_Rossellini" title="Roberto Rossellini – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Roberto Rossellini" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roberto_Rossellini" title="Roberto Rossellini – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Roberto Rossellini" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%88_%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C" title="روبرتو روسلینی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="روبرتو روسلینی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roberto_Rossellini" title="Roberto Rossellini – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Roberto Rossellini" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roberto_Rossellini" title="Roberto Rossellini – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Roberto Rossellini" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A1%9C%EB%B2%A0%EB%A5%B4%ED%86%A0_%EB%A1%9C%EC%85%80%EB%A6%AC%EB%8B%88" title="로베르토 로셀리니 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="로베르토 로셀리니" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8C%D5%B8%D5%A2%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%BF%D5%B8_%D5%8C%D5%B8%D5%BD%D5%BD%D5%A5%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%AB" title="Ռոբերտո Ռոսսելինի – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ռոբերտո Ռոսսելինի" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roberto_Rossellini" title="Roberto Rossellini – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Roberto Rossellini" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roberto_Rossellini" title="Roberto Rossellini – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Roberto Rossellini" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roberto_Rossellini" title="Roberto Rossellini – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Roberto Rossellini" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roberto_Rossellini" title="Roberto Rossellini – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Roberto Rossellini" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%98%D7%95_%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%99" title="רוברטו רוסליני – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="רוברטו רוסליני" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D_%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="რობერტო როსელინი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="რობერტო როსელინი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BE_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Роберто Росселлини – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Роберто Росселлини" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Росселлини Роберто – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Росселлини Роберто" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robertus_Rossellini" title="Robertus Rossellini – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Robertus Rossellini" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roberto_Rosel%C4%ABni" title="Roberto Roselīni – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Roberto Roselīni" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roberto_Rossellini" title="Roberto Rossellini – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Roberto Rossellini" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roberto_Rossellini" title="Roberto Rossellini – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Roberto Rossellini" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roberto_Rossellini" title="Roberto Rossellini – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Roberto Rossellini" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8B_%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF" title="റോബർട്ടോ റോസല്ലിനി – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="റോബർട്ടോ റോസല്ലിനി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%88_%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%89" title="روبرتو روسيلينى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="روبرتو روسيلينى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roberto_Rossellini" title="Roberto Rossellini – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Roberto Rossellini" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AD%E3%83%99%E3%83%AB%E3%83%88%E3%83%BB%E3%83%AD%E3%83%83%E3%82%BB%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%8B" title="ロベルト・ロッセリーニ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ロベルト・ロッセリーニ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roberto_Rossellini" title="Roberto Rossellini – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Roberto Rossellini" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roberto_Rossellini" title="Roberto Rossellini – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Roberto Rossellini" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roberto_Rossellini" title="Roberto Rossellini – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Roberto Rossellini" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roberto_Rossellini" title="Roberto Rossellini – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Roberto Rossellini" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roberto_Rossellini" title="Roberto Rossellini – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Roberto Rossellini" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roberto_Rossellini" title="Roberto Rossellini – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Roberto Rossellini" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roberto_Rossellini" title="Roberto Rossellini – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Roberto Rossellini" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roberto_Rossellini" title="Roberto Rossellini – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Roberto Rossellini" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8,_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BE" title="Росселлини, Роберто – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Росселлини, Роберто" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roberto_Rossellini" title="Roberto Rossellini – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Roberto Rossellini" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robbertu_Rossellini" title="Robbertu Rossellini – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Robbertu Rossellini" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roberto_Rossellini" title="Roberto Rossellini – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Roberto Rossellini" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roberto_Rossellini" title="Roberto Rossellini – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Roberto Rossellini" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BE_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Роберто Роселини – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Роберто Роселини" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roberto_Rossellini" title="Roberto Rossellini – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Roberto Rossellini" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roberto_Rossellini" title="Roberto Rossellini – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Roberto Rossellini" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roberto_Rossellini" title="Roberto Rossellini – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Roberto Rossellini" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roberto_Rossellini" title="Roberto Rossellini – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Roberto Rossellini" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BE_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%96" title="Роберто Росселліні – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Роберто Росселліні" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roberto_Rossellini" title="Roberto Rossellini – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Roberto Rossellini" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roberto_Rossellini" title="Roberto Rossellini – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Roberto Rossellini" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E4%BC%AF%E6%89%98%C2%B7%E7%BD%97%E5%A1%9E%E9%87%8C%E5%B0%BC" title="罗伯托·罗塞里尼 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="罗伯托·罗塞里尼" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E4%BC%AF%E6%89%98%C2%B7%E7%BE%85%E5%A1%9E%E9%87%8C%E5%B0%BC" title="羅伯托·羅塞里尼 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="羅伯托·羅塞里尼" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Italian film director (1906–1977)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Roberto Rossellini</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Roberto_Rossellini.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Roberto_Rossellini.jpg/220px-Roberto_Rossellini.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="316" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/09/Roberto_Rossellini.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="308" data-file-height="442" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Rossellini in 1951</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Roberto Gastone Zeffiro Rossellini</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1906-05-08</span>)</span>8 May 1906<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy" title="Kingdom of Italy">Kingdom of Italy</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">3 June 1977<span style="display:none">(1977-06-03)</span> (aged 71)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace">Rome, Italy</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupations</th><td class="infobox-data role"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"> <ul><li>Film director</li> <li>producer</li> <li>screenwriter</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Years active</th><td class="infobox-data">1936–1977</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouses</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Assia_Noris" title="Assia Noris">Assia Noris</a></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1934; <abbr title="annulled">ann.</abbr> 1936)<wbr /></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Marcella De Marchis</div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1936; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> 1950)<wbr /></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ingrid_Bergman" title="Ingrid Bergman">Ingrid Bergman</a></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1950; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> 1957)<wbr /></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Sonali Senroy Das Gupta</div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1957; <abbr title="separated">sep.</abbr> 1973)<wbr /></div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">7, including <a href="/wiki/Renzo_Rossellini_(producer)" title="Renzo Rossellini (producer)">Renzo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Isabella_Rossellini" title="Isabella Rossellini">Isabella Rossellini</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Roberto Gastone Zeffiro Rossellini</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (8 May 1906 – 3 June 1977) was an Italian film director, screenwriter and producer. He was one of the most prominent directors of the <a href="/wiki/Italian_neorealism" title="Italian neorealism">Italian neorealist</a> cinema, contributing to the movement with films such as <i><a href="/wiki/Rome,_Open_City" title="Rome, Open City">Rome, Open City</a></i> (1945), <i><a href="/wiki/Paisan" title="Paisan">Paisan</a></i> (1946), and <i><a href="/wiki/Germany,_Year_Zero" title="Germany, Year Zero">Germany, Year Zero</a></i> (1948). He is also known for his films starring <a href="/wiki/Ingrid_Bergman" title="Ingrid Bergman">Ingrid Bergman</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Stromboli_(1950_film)" title="Stromboli (1950 film)">Stromboli</a></i> (1950), <i><a href="/wiki/Europe_%2751" title="Europe '51">Europe '51</a></i> (1952), <i><a href="/wiki/Journey_to_Italy" title="Journey to Italy">Journey to Italy</a></i> (1954), <i><a href="/wiki/Fear_(1954_film)" title="Fear (1954 film)">Fear</a></i> (1954) and <i><a href="/wiki/Joan_of_Arc_at_the_Stake" title="Joan of Arc at the Stake">Joan of Arc at the Stake</a></i> (1954). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roberto_Rossellini&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Roberto_Rossellini" title="Special:EditPage/Roberto Rossellini">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Roberto+Rossellini%22">"Roberto Rossellini"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Roberto+Rossellini%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Roberto+Rossellini%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Roberto+Rossellini%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Roberto+Rossellini%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Roberto+Rossellini%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_life">Early life</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roberto_Rossellini&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rossellini was born in Rome. His mother, Elettra (<a href="/wiki/N%C3%A9e" class="mw-redirect" title="Née">née</a> Bellan), was a housewife born in <a href="/wiki/Rovigo" title="Rovigo">Rovigo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Veneto" title="Veneto">Veneto</a>, and his father, Angiolo Giuseppe "Peppino" Rossellini, who owned a construction firm,<sup id="cite_ref-google_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-google-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was born in Rome from a family originally from <a href="/wiki/Pisa" title="Pisa">Pisa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tuscany" title="Tuscany">Tuscany</a>. His mother was of partial French descent, from immigrants who had arrived in Italy during the <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars" title="Napoleonic Wars">Napoleonic Wars</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nytimes_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytimes-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He lived on the Via Ludovisi, where <a href="/wiki/Benito_Mussolini" title="Benito Mussolini">Benito Mussolini</a> had his first Roman hotel in 1922 when <a href="/wiki/Fascism" title="Fascism">Fascism</a> obtained power in Italy.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Rossellini's father built the first cinema in Rome, the "Barberini", a theatre where movies could be projected, granting his son an unlimited free pass; the young Rossellini started frequenting the cinema at an early age. When his father died, he worked in film sound-making and for a certain time, he experienced all the ancillary jobs related to the creation of a film, gaining competence in each field. Rossellini had a younger brother, <a href="/wiki/Renzo_Rossellini_(composer)" title="Renzo Rossellini (composer)">Renzo</a>, who later scored many of his films. </p><p>Although he was not personally religious,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> he had a strong interest in <a href="/wiki/Christian_values" title="Christian values">Christian values</a> in the contemporary world;<sup id="cite_ref-Bondanella,_Peter_1991_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bondanella,_Peter_1991-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> he appreciated <a href="/wiki/Catholic_ethics" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic ethics">Catholic ethics</a> and religious sentiment—things which he saw as being neglected in the materialist world.<sup id="cite_ref-Bondanella,_Peter_1991_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bondanella,_Peter_1991-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Career">Career</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roberto_Rossellini&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1937, Rossellini shot his first film, <i>Prélude à l'après-midi d'un faune</i>, which was possibly unreleased and later lost.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After this film, he was called to work as assistant director on <a href="/wiki/Goffredo_Alessandrini" title="Goffredo Alessandrini">Goffredo Alessandrini's</a> in making <i><a href="/wiki/Luciano_Serra,_Pilot" title="Luciano Serra, Pilot">Luciano Serra pilota</a></i>, one of the most successful Italian films of the first half of the 20th century, and later worked on <a href="/wiki/Francesco_De_Robertis" title="Francesco De Robertis">Francesco De Robertis's</a> 1940 film <i>Uomini sul Fondo</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His close friendship with <a href="/wiki/Vittorio_Mussolini" title="Vittorio Mussolini">Vittorio Mussolini</a>, son of <a href="/wiki/Benito_Mussolini" title="Benito Mussolini">Benito Mussolini</a>, has been interpreted as a possible reason for having been preferred to other apprentices. </p><p>Some writers have described the first part of his career as a sequence of trilogies. His first feature film, <i><a href="/wiki/The_White_Ship_(1941_film)" title="The White Ship (1941 film)">The White Ship</a></i> (1941) was sponsored by the audiovisual propaganda centre of Navy Department and is the first work in Rossellini's "Fascist Trilogy", together with <i><a href="/wiki/A_Pilot_Returns" title="A Pilot Returns">A Pilot Returns</a></i> (1942) and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Man_with_a_Cross" title="The Man with a Cross">The Man with a Cross</a></i> (1943). During this period he developed relationships with <a href="/wiki/Federico_Fellini" title="Federico Fellini">Federico Fellini</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aldo_Fabrizi" title="Aldo Fabrizi">Aldo Fabrizi</a>. The Fascist regime collapsed in 1943, and two months after the liberation of Rome (4 June 1944), Rossellini began preparing the anti-fascist <i><a href="/wiki/Rome,_Open_City" title="Rome, Open City">Roma città aperta</a></i> (<i>Rome, Open City</i>, 1945), with Fellini assisting on the script. Fabrizi played the role of the priest, while Rossellini self-produced, filming commencing in January 1945. Most of the money came from credits and loans, and film had to be found on the black market. This dramatic film was an immediate success. It has been called the first film of the <i>Neorealist Trilogy</i>, the second title of which was <i><a href="/wiki/Pais%C3%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="Paisà">Paisà</a></i> (1946), produced with non-professional actors, and the third, <i><a href="/wiki/Germany,_Year_Zero" title="Germany, Year Zero">Germany, Year Zero</a></i> (1948), was sponsored by a French producer and filmed in Berlin's French sector. In Berlin also, Rossellini preferred non-actors, but he was unable to find a face he found "interesting"; he placed his camera in the centre of a town square, as he did for <i>Paisà</i>, but was surprised when nobody came to watch. </p><p>As he declared in an interview "in order to really create the character that one has in mind, it is necessary for the director to engage in a battle with his actor which usually ends with submitting to the actor's wish. Since I do not have the desire to waste my energy in a battle like this, I only use professional actors occasionally".<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of the reasons for success is supposed to be Rossellini's rewriting of the scripts according to the non-professional actors' feelings and histories. Regional accent, dialect and costumes were shown in the film as they were in real life. </p><p>After his Neorealist Trilogy, Rossellini produced two films now classified as the 'Transitional films': <i><a href="/wiki/L%27Amore_(film)" title="L'Amore (film)">L'Amore</a></i> (1948) (with <a href="/wiki/Anna_Magnani" title="Anna Magnani">Anna Magnani</a>) and <i>La macchina ammazzacattivi</i> (1952), on the capability of cinema to portray reality and truth (with recalls of <a href="/wiki/Commedia_dell%27arte" title="Commedia dell'arte">commedia dell'arte</a>). In 1948, Rossellini received a letter from a famous foreign actress proposing a collaboration: </p> <dl><dd><dl><dd>Dear Mr. Rossellini,</dd></dl></dd> <dd>I saw your films <i>Open City</i> and <i>Paisan</i>, and enjoyed them very much. If you need a Swedish actress who speaks English very well, who has not forgotten her German, who is not very understandable in French, and who in Italian knows only "ti amo," I am ready to come and make a film with you. <dl><dd><dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Ingrid_Bergman" title="Ingrid Bergman">Ingrid Bergman</a></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>With this letter began one of the best-known love stories in film history, with Bergman and Rossellini both at the peak of their careers. Their first collaboration was <i><a href="/wiki/Stromboli_(1950_film)" title="Stromboli (1950 film)">Stromboli terra di Dio</a></i> (1950) (in the island of <a href="/wiki/Stromboli_(island)" class="mw-redirect" title="Stromboli (island)">Stromboli</a>, and its volcano quite conveniently erupted during filming). This affair caused a great scandal in some countries (Bergman and Rossellini were married to other people); the scandal intensified when Bergman became pregnant with Renato Roberto Ranaldo Giusto Giuseppe ("Robin") Rossellini. Rossellini and Bergman had two more children, <a href="/wiki/Isabella_Rossellini" title="Isabella Rossellini">Isabella Rossellini</a> (actress & model) and her twin, Ingrid Isotta. <i><a href="/wiki/Europa_%2751" class="mw-redirect" title="Europa '51">Europa '51</a></i> (1952), <i><a href="/wiki/Siamo_Donne" class="mw-redirect" title="Siamo Donne">Siamo Donne</a></i> (1953), <i><a href="/wiki/Journey_to_Italy" title="Journey to Italy">Journey to Italy</a></i> (1954), <i><a href="/wiki/Fear_(1954_film)" title="Fear (1954 film)">La paura</a></i> (1954) and <i><a href="/wiki/Giovanna_d%27Arco_al_rogo" class="mw-redirect" title="Giovanna d'Arco al rogo">Giovanna d'Arco al rogo</a></i> (1954) were the other films on which they worked together. </p><p>In 1957, <a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru" title="Jawaharlal Nehru">Jawaharlal Nehru</a>, the prime minister of India at the time, invited him to India to make the documentary <i>India</i> and put some life into the floundering Indian Films Division. Though married to Bergman, he had an affair with Sonali Senroy Dasgupta, a screenwriter, herself married to local filmmaker <a href="/wiki/Harisadhan_Dasgupta" title="Harisadhan Dasgupta">Harisadhan Dasgupta</a>, who was helping develop vignettes for the film.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Given the climate of the 1950s, this led to a huge scandal in India as well as in Hollywood.<sup id="cite_ref-tele_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tele-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nehru had to ask Rossellini to leave.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2009)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Soon after, Bergman and Rossellini separated. </p><p>In 1971, Rice University in Houston, Texas, invited Rossellini to help establish a Media Center, where in 1970 he had begun planning a film on science with Rice professor <a href="/wiki/Donald_D._Clayton" title="Donald D. Clayton">Donald D. Clayton</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-clemson_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-clemson-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They worked daily for two weeks in Rome in summer 1970, but financing was insufficient for filming to begin. In 1973, he was invited to teach at Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut, where he taught a one-semester course titled "The Essential Image." </p><p>Rossellini's final project was the documentary <i>Beaubourg</i>, filmed in 1977 and first premiered in 1983.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roberto_Rossellini&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1934, Rossellini married <a href="/wiki/Assia_Noris" title="Assia Noris">Assia Noris</a>, a Russian actress who worked in Italian films; the marriage was annulled in 1936. On 26 September 1936, he married Marcella De Marchis (17 January 1916, Rome – 25 February 2009, Sarteano), a costume designer with whom he collaborated even after their marriage was over. De Marchis and Rossellini had two sons: Marco Romano (born 3 July 1937 and died of appendicitis in 1946), and <a href="/wiki/Renzo_Rossellini_(producer)" title="Renzo Rossellini (producer)">Renzo</a> (born 24 August 1941). Rossellini and De Marchis divorced in 1950. </p><p>While filming <i>Stromboli</i>, Rossellini had an affair with <a href="/wiki/Ingrid_Bergman" title="Ingrid Bergman">Ingrid Bergman</a> (who was at the time married to Petter Lindström) in 1949. In the same month the film was released, Bergman gave birth to a boy, Renato Roberto Ranaldo Giusto Giuseppe ("Robin") Rossellini (born 2 February 1950). A week after their son was born, Bergman divorced Lindström and married Rossellini in Mexico. On 18 June 1952, she gave birth to their twin daughters Isotta Ingrid Rossellini and <a href="/wiki/Isabella_Rossellini" title="Isabella Rossellini">Isabella Rossellini</a>. </p><p>In 1957, Rossellini had an affair with <a href="/wiki/Bengalis" title="Bengalis">Bengali</a> screenwriter Sonali Dasgupta (née Senroy), and soon after, Bergman and Rossellini separated. Rossellini eloped with Dasgupta in 1957 when she was 27 years old. He adopted her young son Arjun, renamed Gil Rossellini (23 October 1956 – 3 October 2010), who became a New York-based film producer. Rossellini and Dasgupta had a daughter together, Raffaella Rossellini (born 1958), who is an actress and model.<sup id="cite_ref-tele_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tele-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1973, Rossellini left Dasgupta for producer Silvia D'Amico Bendicò, but he remained married to Dasgupta until his death of a heart attack at age 71 in 1977. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Global_policy">Global policy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roberto_Rossellini&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Global policy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Along with <a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein">Albert Einstein</a>, Rossellini was one of the sponsors of the <a href="/wiki/Peoples%27_World_Convention" class="mw-redirect" title="Peoples' World Convention">Peoples' World Convention</a> (PWC), also known as Peoples' World Constituent Assembly (PWCA), which took place in 1950-51 at Palais Electoral, <a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a>, Switzerland.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roberto_Rossellini&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rossellini's films after his early <a href="/wiki/Neorealism_(art)" title="Neorealism (art)">Neo-Realist</a> films—particularly his films with Ingrid Bergman—were commercially unsuccessful, though <i><a href="/wiki/Journey_to_Italy" title="Journey to Italy">Journey to Italy</a></i> is well regarded in some quarters. He was an acknowledged master for the critics of <i><a href="/wiki/Cahiers_du_Cin%C3%A9ma" title="Cahiers du Cinéma">Cahiers du Cinéma</a></i> in general and <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Bazin" title="André Bazin">André Bazin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Truffaut" title="François Truffaut">François Truffaut</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jean-Luc_Godard" title="Jean-Luc Godard">Jean-Luc Godard</a> in particular. Truffaut noted in his 1963 essay, <i>Roberto Rossellini Prefers Real Life</i> (available in <i>The Films in My Life</i>) that Rossellini's influence among the directors who became part of the <a href="/wiki/French_New_Wave" title="French New Wave">nouvelle vague</a> was so great that he was in every sense "the father of the French New Wave". </p><p>His posthumous ex-son-in-law <a href="/wiki/Martin_Scorsese" title="Martin Scorsese">Martin Scorsese</a> has acknowledged Rossellini's seminal influence in his documentary <i><a href="/wiki/My_Voyage_to_Italy" title="My Voyage to Italy">My Voyage to Italy</a></i> (the title itself a take on Rossellini's <i><a href="/wiki/Viaggio_in_Italia" class="mw-redirect" title="Viaggio in Italia">Voyage to Italy</a></i>). Among works from Italian directors <a href="/wiki/Federico_Fellini" title="Federico Fellini">Fellini</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luchino_Visconti" title="Luchino Visconti">Visconti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vittorio_De_Sica" title="Vittorio De Sica">De Sica</a> and <a href="/wiki/Michelangelo_Antonioni" title="Michelangelo Antonioni">Antonioni</a>, Rossellini's films form at least half of the films Scorsese discusses, highlighting Rossellini's monumental role in Italian and world cinema. The films covered include his Neo-Realist films and films with Ingrid Bergman, as well as <i><a href="/wiki/The_Flowers_of_St._Francis" title="The Flowers of St. Francis">The Flowers of St. Francis</a></i>, about <a href="/wiki/St._Francis_of_Assisi" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Francis of Assisi">St. Francis of Assisi</a>. Scorsese notes that in contrast to directors who often become stylistically restrained and conservative as their careers advanced, Rossellini became more unconventional as his career advanced, and was constantly experimenting with new styles and technical challenges. Scorsese particularly highlights the series of biographies Rossellini made in the 60s of historical figures and singles out <i><a href="/wiki/La_Prise_de_pouvoir_par_Louis_XIV" class="mw-redirect" title="La Prise de pouvoir par Louis XIV">La Prise de pouvoir par Louis XIV</a></i> for praise. </p><p>Certain of Rossellini's film-related material and personal papers are contained in the Wesleyan University Cinema Archives to which scholars and media experts from around the world may have full access.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rossellini's son <a href="/wiki/Renzo_Rossellini_(producer)" title="Renzo Rossellini (producer)">Renzo</a> is producing the <i>Audiovisual Encyclopedia of History by Roberto Rossellini</i>, a multi-media collection containing all of Rossellini's works, interviews, and other material from the Rossellini archive. The <i>Encyclopedia</i> existed in prototype form in 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Filmography">Filmography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roberto_Rossellini&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Filmography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>"Luciano Serra pilota ("Luciano Serra, pilot") (<a href="/wiki/1938_in_film" title="1938 in film">1938</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/La_Vispa_Teresa" title="La Vispa Teresa">La Vispa Teresa</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/1939_in_film" title="1939 in film">1939</a>) - short</li> <li><i>Il Tacchino prepotente</i> (1939) - short</li> <li><i>Fantasia sottomarina</i> (<a href="/wiki/1940_in_film" title="1940 in film">1940</a>) - short</li> <li><i>Il Ruscello di Ripasottile</i> (<a href="/wiki/1941_in_film" title="1941 in film">1941</a>) - short</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_White_Ship_(1941_film)" title="The White Ship (1941 film)">The White Ship</a></i> (1941)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Pilot_Returns" title="A Pilot Returns">A Pilot Returns</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/1942_in_film" title="1942 in film">1942</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Man_with_a_Cross" title="The Man with a Cross">The Man with a Cross</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/1943_in_film" title="1943 in film">1943</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rome,_Open_City" title="Rome, Open City">Rome, Open City</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/1945_in_film" title="1945 in film">1945</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Paisan" title="Paisan">Paisà</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/1946_in_film" title="1946 in film">1946</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/L%27Amore_(film)" title="L'Amore (film)">L'Amore</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/1948_in_film" title="1948 in film">1948</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Germany,_Year_Zero" title="Germany, Year Zero">Germany, Year Zero</a></i> (1948)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Stromboli_(1950_film)" title="Stromboli (1950 film)">Stromboli terra di Dio</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/1950_in_film" title="1950 in film">1950</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Flowers_of_St._Francis" title="The Flowers of St. Francis">Francesco, giullare di Dio</a></i> (1950)</li> <li>"Envie, L'Envy" (segment of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Seven_Deadly_Sins_(1952_film)" title="The Seven Deadly Sins (1952 film)">Les Sept péchés capitaux</a></i>) (<a href="/wiki/1952_in_film" title="1952 in film">1952</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Machine_to_Kill_Bad_People" title="The Machine to Kill Bad People">The Machine to Kill Bad People</a></i> (1952)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Europe_%2751" title="Europe '51">Europa '51</a></i> (1952)</li> <li>"Ingrid Bergman" (segment from <i><a href="/wiki/We,_the_Women" title="We, the Women">Siamo donne</a></i>) (<a href="/wiki/1953_in_film" title="1953 in film">1953</a>)</li> <li>"Napoli 1943" (segment from <i><a href="/wiki/Mid-Century_Loves" title="Mid-Century Loves">Amori di mezzo secolo</a></i>) (<a href="/wiki/1954_in_film" title="1954 in film">1954</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Where_Is_Freedom%3F" title="Where Is Freedom?">Dov'è la libertà...?</a></i> (1954) - abandoned, completed by studio</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Journey_to_Italy" title="Journey to Italy">Viaggio in Italia</a></i> (1954)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fear_(1954_film)" title="Fear (1954 film)">La Paura</a></i> (1954)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Joan_of_Arc_at_the_Stake" title="Joan of Arc at the Stake">Giovanna d'Arco al rogo</a></i> (1954)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/India:_Matri_Bhumi" title="India: Matri Bhumi">India: Matri Bhumi</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/1959_in_film" title="1959 in film">1959</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/General_Della_Rovere" title="General Della Rovere">Il generale Della Rovere</a></i> (1959)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Escape_by_Night_(1960_film)" title="Escape by Night (1960 film)">Era Notte a Roma</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/1960_in_film" title="1960 in film">1960</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Garibaldi_(film)" title="Garibaldi (film)">Viva l'Italia!</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/1961_in_film" title="1961 in film">1961</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vanina_Vanini_(film)" title="Vanina Vanini (film)">Vanina Vanini</a></i> (1961)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Anima_nera" title="Anima nera">Anima nera</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/1962_in_film" title="1962 in film">1962</a>)</li> <li>"Illibatezza" (segment from <i><a href="/wiki/Ro.Go.Pa.G." title="Ro.Go.Pa.G.">Ro.Go.Pa.G.</a></i>) (<a href="/wiki/1963_in_film" title="1963 in film">1963</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Night_of_Counting_the_Years" title="The Night of Counting the Years">The Night of Counting the Years</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/1969_in_film" title="1969 in film">1969</a>) - producer</li> <li><i>Da Gerusalemme a Damasco</i> (<a href="/wiki/1970_in_film" title="1970 in film">1970</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Anno_uno" title="Anno uno">Anno uno</a></i> (1974)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Messiah_(1975_film)" title="The Messiah (1975 film)">Il messia</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/1975_in_film" title="1975 in film">1975</a>)</li> <li><i>Beaubourg, centre d'art et de culture Georges Pompidou</i> (<a href="/wiki/1977_in_film" title="1977 in film">1977</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_work">Other work</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roberto_Rossellini&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Other work"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%A9lude_%C3%A0_l%27apr%C3%A8s-midi_d%27un_faune" title="Prélude à l'après-midi d'un faune">Prélude à l'après-midi d'un faune</a></i> (1937) - lost project</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Desire_(1946_Italian_film)" title="Desire (1946 Italian film)">Desire</a></i> (1946) - based on incomplete film <i>Freight Yard</i></li> <li><i>L'Invasore</i> (1949) - supervisor</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rivalry_(film)" title="Rivalry (film)">Rivalità</a></i> (1953) - supervisor</li> <li><i>Benito Mussolini</i> (1962) - producer</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Carabineers" title="The Carabineers">Les Carabiniers</a></i> (1963) - co-screenwriter</li> <li><i>Intervista a Salvador Allende: La forza e la ragione</i> (1971) - interviewer</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Television">Television</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roberto_Rossellini&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Television"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Following the critical failure of <i>Anima nera</i> and his participation in the various artists film <i>Ro.Go.Pa.G.</i>, Rossellini began directing films for TV in 1966 with <i>La Prise de pouvoir par Louis XIV</i>, and continued predominately in the medium until the end of his career in 1977. </p><p><b>TV films</b> </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Taking_of_Power_by_Louis_XIV" title="The Taking of Power by Louis XIV">La Prise de pouvoir par Louis XIV</a></i> (1966)</li> <li><i>Idea di un'isola</i> (1967)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Socrates_(film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Socrates (film)">Socrates</a></i> (<i><a href="/wiki/The_Philosophers_(series)" title="The Philosophers (series)">The Philosophers</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/1971_in_film" title="1971 in film">1971</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-:0_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Rice University</i> (1971) - with <a href="/wiki/Beppe_Cino" title="Beppe Cino">Beppe Cino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blaise_Pascal" title="Blaise Pascal"><i>Pascal</i></a> (<i>The Philosophers</i>, <a href="/wiki/1972_in_film" title="1972 in film">1972</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-:0_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustine_of_Hippo" title="Augustine of Hippo"><i>Agostino d'Ippona</i></a> (<i>The Philosophers</i>, 1972)<sup id="cite_ref-:0_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_23-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cartesius" class="mw-redirect" title="Cartesius">Cartesius</a></i> (<i>The Philosophers</i>, <a href="/wiki/1974_in_film" title="1974 in film">1974</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-:0_20-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_21-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_22-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_23-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>The World Population</i> (1974) - with <a href="/wiki/Renzo_Rossellini_(producer)" title="Renzo Rossellini (producer)">Renzo Rossellini</a></li> <li><i>Concerto per Michelangelo</i> (1977)</li></ul> <p>In addition to his TV movies, he was involved with a number of TV series, as either writer or director. </p><p><b>TV series</b> </p> <ul><li><i>L'India vista da Rossellini</i> (1959) - director, mini-series</li> <li><i>L'Età del ferro</i> (1964) - director, mini-series<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Atti degli apostoli</i> (1969) - director, mini-series</li> <li><i>La lotta dell'uomo per la sua sopravvivenza</i> (1970) - writer</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Age_of_the_Medici" title="The Age of the Medici">L'Età di Cosimo de' Medici</a></i> (1973) - director, mini-series</li></ul> <p>Some sources associate Rossellini with the 1961 <i>Torino nei cent'anni</i>, but the status and completion of the project is unconfirmed.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roberto_Rossellini&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGallagher1998" class="citation book cs1">Gallagher, Tag (22 October 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_HpZAAAAMAAJ&q=%22Roberto+Gastone+Zeffiro+Rossellini+%22"><i>The adventures of Roberto Rossellini – Tag Gallagher – Google Books</i></a>. Hachette Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780306808739" title="Special:BookSources/9780306808739"><bdi>9780306808739</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+adventures+of+Roberto+Rossellini+%E2%80%93+Tag+Gallagher+%E2%80%93+Google+Books&rft.pub=Hachette+Books&rft.date=1998-10-22&rft.isbn=9780306808739&rft.aulast=Gallagher&rft.aufirst=Tag&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_HpZAAAAMAAJ%26q%3D%2522Roberto%2BGastone%2BZeffiro%2BRossellini%2B%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoberto+Rossellini" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGottliebAndrew2004" class="citation book cs1">Gottlieb, Sidney; Andrew, Horton (14 June 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=iHqUsrLiPm4C&q=%22Roberto+Gastone+Zeffiro+Rossellini+%22&pg=PA2"><i>Roberto Rossellini's Rome Open City – Google Books</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521545198" title="Special:BookSources/9780521545198"><bdi>9780521545198</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Roberto+Rossellini%27s+Rome+Open+City+%E2%80%93+Google+Books&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2004-06-14&rft.isbn=9780521545198&rft.aulast=Gottlieb&rft.aufirst=Sidney&rft.au=Andrew%2C+Horton&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DiHqUsrLiPm4C%26q%3D%2522Roberto%2BGastone%2BZeffiro%2BRossellini%2B%2522%26pg%3DPA2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoberto+Rossellini" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-google-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-google_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRossellini,_R.Aprà,_A.1992" class="citation book cs1">Rossellini, R.; Aprà, A. (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=eY5ZAAAAMAAJ"><i>My method: writings and interviews</i></a>. Marsilio Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780941419642" title="Special:BookSources/9780941419642"><bdi>9780941419642</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 December</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=My+method%3A+writings+and+interviews&rft.pub=Marsilio+Publishers&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=9780941419642&rft.au=Rossellini%2C+R.&rft.au=Apr%C3%A0%2C+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DeY5ZAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoberto+Rossellini" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nytimes-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nytimes_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/books/first/g/gallagher-rossellini.html">"The Adventures of Roberto Rossellini"</a>. <i>nytimes.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 December</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=nytimes.com&rft.atitle=The+Adventures+of+Roberto+Rossellini&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Fbooks%2Ffirst%2Fg%2Fgallagher-rossellini.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoberto+Rossellini" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Serri, Mirella <i>From the Odeon to the Odeon: The Experience of Roberto Rossellini from Fascism to Antifascism</i>, Kenneth Lloyd-Jones (translator) <i><a href="/wiki/Telos_(journal)" title="Telos (journal)">Telos</a></i> Vol. 139 (Summer 2007): pp. 70–78.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF(h)ortus" class="citation web cs1">(h)ortus. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vg-hortus.it/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=138:la-visione-della-realtost-bellica-italiana-nel-cinema&catid=13:studi-storici&Itemid=15">"La visione della realtà post-bellica italiana nel cinema"</a>. <i>Hortus - Rivista di architettura</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hortus+-+Rivista+di+architettura&rft.atitle=La+visione+della+realt%C3%A0+post-bellica+italiana+nel+cinema&rft.au=%28h%29ortus&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vg-hortus.it%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26view%3Darticle%26id%3D138%3Ala-visione-della-realtost-bellica-italiana-nel-cinema%26catid%3D13%3Astudi-storici%26Itemid%3D15&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoberto+Rossellini" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bondanella,_Peter_1991-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bondanella,_Peter_1991_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bondanella,_Peter_1991_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Bondanella, Peter. The Films of Roberto Rossellini. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1991. 16–17. Print.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFForgacsLuttonNowell-Smith2019" class="citation book cs1">Forgacs, David; Lutton, Sarah; Nowell-Smith, Geoffrey (25 July 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LTr8DwAAQBAJ&dq=%22dafne%22+%22rossellini%22&pg=PA172"><i>Roberto Rossellini: Magician of the Real</i></a>. 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Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. p. 11.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.meetup.com/es-ES/DCitalian/events/84628342/">G., Anthony. "'Free' Cinema Italiano @ NGA:"Trip to Italy" by World Famous Director Rossellini." <i>Meetup</i>. 14 October 2012.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-unfit"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080828055806/http://www.hoveyda.org/india.html">"Rossellini's INDIA by Fereydoun Hoveyda"</a>. <i>hoveyda.org</i>. Archived from the original on 28 August 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 February</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=The+scandal+that+rocked+Calcutta&rft.date=2008-06-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraphindia.com%2F1080601%2Fjsp%2F7days%2Fstory_9348365.jsp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoberto+Rossellini" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-clemson-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-clemson_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.clemson.edu/ces/astro/NucleoArchive/PhotoList/1970s/70CRosselini1.html">"PHOTO ARCHIVE IN NUCLEAR ASTROPHYSICS"</a>. clemson.edu<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Cambridge University Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/filmsofrobertoro00bond/page/174">174</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521398664" title="Special:BookSources/9780521398664"><bdi>9780521398664</bdi></a>. <q>Beaubourg Rossellini.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Films+of+Roberto+Rossellini&rft.pages=174&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1993-01-29&rft.isbn=9780521398664&rft.aulast=Bondanella&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.au=Bondanella%2C+Distinguished+Professor+of+Comparative+Literature+and+Italian+Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffilmsofrobertoro00bond&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoberto+Rossellini" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJoeanna_Rebello2008" class="citation news cs1">Joeanna Rebello (25 May 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/stoi/The-Girl-Who-Turned-Rossellinis-Head/articleshow/3069615.cms">"The Girl Who Turned Rossellini's Head"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_India" title="The Times of India">The Times of India</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 December</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ROSSELLINI+Film+%26+TV+%26%23124%3B+Enciclopedia+del+cinema+di+Roberto+Rossellini&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rossellinifilm.com%2Fit%2Ffile%2Fenc%2Fscheda.htm%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoberto+Rossellini" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_20-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_20-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSilvaTáboas2012" class="citation book cs1">Silva, Thaís Conconi Silva; Táboas, Plínio Zornoff (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.13snhct.sbhc.org.br/resources/anais/10/1343767232_ARQUIVO_Trabalho13SNHCT-ThaisConconiSilvaUSP.pdf"><i>Análise e reflexão sobre a construção e evolução do pensamento de René Descarte através do olhar cinematográfico de Roberto Rossellini</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 13º Seminário Nacional de História da Ciência e da Tecnologia. Sociedade Brasileira de História da Ciência (SBHC).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An%C3%A1lise+e+reflex%C3%A3o+sobre+a+constru%C3%A7%C3%A3o+e+evolu%C3%A7%C3%A3o+do+pensamento+de+Ren%C3%A9+Descarte+atrav%C3%A9s+do+olhar+cinematogr%C3%A1fico+de+Roberto+Rossellini&rft.series=13%C2%BA+Semin%C3%A1rio+Nacional+de+Hist%C3%B3ria+da+Ci%C3%AAncia+e+da+Tecnologia&rft.pub=Sociedade+Brasileira+de+Hist%C3%B3ria+da+Ci%C3%AAncia+%28SBHC%29&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Silva&rft.aufirst=Tha%C3%ADs+Conconi+Silva&rft.au=T%C3%A1boas%2C+Pl%C3%ADnio+Zornoff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.13snhct.sbhc.org.br%2Fresources%2Fanais%2F10%2F1343767232_ARQUIVO_Trabalho13SNHCT-ThaisConconiSilvaUSP.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoberto+Rossellini" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_21-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_21-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/fsp/ilustrad/fq2405200912.htm">"DVDs/Crítica: Em cinebiografia de Descartes, Rossellini fala para iniciados -"</a>. <i>Jornal Folha de São Paulo</i>. 24 May 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Jornal+Folha+de+S%C3%A3o+Paulo&rft.atitle=DVDs%2FCr%C3%ADtica%3A+Em+cinebiografia+de+Descartes%2C+Rossellini+fala+para+iniciados+-&rft.date=2009-05-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww1.folha.uol.com.br%2Ffsp%2Filustrad%2Ffq2405200912.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoberto+Rossellini" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_22-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_22-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lumine.tv/blog/rossellini-filosofia/">"Rossellini e a vida dos filósofos"</a>. <i>Lumine</i> (in Brazilian Portuguese). 1 December 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Lumine&rft.atitle=Rossellini+e+a+vida+dos+fil%C3%B3sofos&rft.date=2021-12-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flumine.tv%2Fblog%2Frossellini-filosofia%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoberto+Rossellini" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_23-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_23-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGallagher1975" class="citation web cs1">Gallagher, Tag (June 1975). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.artforum.com/print/197506/roberto-rossellini-and-historical-neorealism-37658">"Roberto Rossellini and Historical Neorealism"</a>. <i>Art Forum</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 March</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Art+Forum&rft.atitle=Roberto+Rossellini+and+Historical+Neorealism&rft.date=1975-06&rft.aulast=Gallagher&rft.aufirst=Tag&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.artforum.com%2Fprint%2F197506%2Froberto-rossellini-and-historical-neorealism-37658&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoberto+Rossellini" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://publishing.cdlib.org/ucpressebooks/view?docId=ft709nb48d&chunk.id=d0e7684&toc.id=&brand=ucpress">"Roberto Rossellini"</a>. <i>publishing.cdlib.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=publishing.cdlib.org&rft.atitle=Roberto+Rossellini&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpublishing.cdlib.org%2Fucpressebooks%2Fview%3FdocId%3Dft709nb48d%26chunk.id%3Dd0e7684%26toc.id%3D%26brand%3Ducpress&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoberto+Rossellini" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrunette2022" class="citation book cs1">Brunette, Peter (13 May 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XCdoEAAAQBAJ&dq=Torino+nei+cent'anni+Rossellini&pg=PA241"><i>Roberto Rossellini</i></a>. Univ of California Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-35937-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-35937-6"><bdi>978-0-520-35937-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Roberto+Rossellini&rft.pub=Univ+of+California+Press&rft.date=2022-05-13&rft.isbn=978-0-520-35937-6&rft.aulast=Brunette&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXCdoEAAAQBAJ%26dq%3DTorino%2Bnei%2Bcent%27anni%2BRossellini%26pg%3DPA241&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARoberto+Rossellini" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roberto_Rossellini&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External 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href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q53003#P3056" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2006/11/10/movies/10ross.html?ex=1320814800&en=21f96c43e19f7785&ei=5088"><i>New York Times</i>: The Elusive Realism of Rossellini</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.adrianoapra.it/?p=1320">An Interview with Roberto Rossellini</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304002846/http://www.indianauteur.com/13_june_Rossellini's%20INDIA.php">Rossellini's India at Indian Auteur</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111129042148/http://www.cimiteridiroma.it/luoghi/gm_verano.html">Geographical coordinates and pictures of his grave</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output 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li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Roberto_Rossellini" title="Template:Roberto Rossellini"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Roberto_Rossellini" title="Template talk:Roberto Rossellini"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Roberto_Rossellini" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Roberto Rossellini"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Films_directed_by_Roberto_Rossellini40" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Films directed by <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Roberto Rossellini</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/La_Vispa_Teresa" title="La Vispa Teresa">La Vispa Teresa</a></i> (1939)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_White_Ship_(1941_film)" title="The White Ship (1941 film)">The White Ship</a></i> (1941)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Pilot_Returns" title="A Pilot Returns">A Pilot Returns</a></i> (1942)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Man_with_a_Cross" title="The Man with a Cross">The Man with a Cross</a></i> (1943)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rome,_Open_City" title="Rome, Open City">Rome, Open City</a></i> (1945)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Desire_(1946_Italian_film)" title="Desire (1946 Italian film)">Desire</a></i> (1946)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Paisan" title="Paisan">Paisan</a></i> (1946)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/L%27Amore_(film)" title="L'Amore (film)">L'Amore</a></i> (1948)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Germany,_Year_Zero" title="Germany, Year Zero">Germany, Year Zero</a></i> (1948)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Stromboli_(1950_film)" title="Stromboli (1950 film)">Stromboli</a></i> (1950)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Flowers_of_St._Francis" title="The Flowers of St. Francis">The Flowers of St. Francis</a></i> (1950)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Seven_Deadly_Sins_(1952_film)" title="The Seven Deadly Sins (1952 film)">The Seven Deadly Sins</a></i> (segment: "Envie, L'Envy", 1952)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Machine_to_Kill_Bad_People" title="The Machine to Kill Bad People">The Machine to Kill Bad People</a></i> (1952)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Europe_%2751" title="Europe '51">Europe '51</a></i> (1952)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/We,_the_Women" title="We, the Women">We, the Women</a></i> (segment: "Ingrid Bergman", 1953)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mid-Century_Loves" title="Mid-Century Loves">Mid-Century Loves</a></i> (segment: "Napoli 1943", 1954)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Where_Is_Freedom%3F" title="Where Is Freedom?">Where Is Freedom?</a></i> (1954)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Journey_to_Italy" title="Journey to Italy">Journey to Italy</a></i> (1954)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fear_(1954_film)" title="Fear (1954 film)">Fear</a></i> (1954)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Joan_of_Arc_at_the_Stake" title="Joan of Arc at the Stake">Giovanna d'Arco al rogo</a></i> (1954)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/India:_Matri_Bhumi" title="India: Matri Bhumi">India: Matri Bhumi</a></i> (1959)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/General_Della_Rovere" title="General Della Rovere">General Della Rovere</a></i> (1959)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Escape_by_Night_(1960_film)" title="Escape by Night (1960 film)">Escape by Night</a></i> (1960)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Garibaldi_(film)" title="Garibaldi (film)">Garibaldi</a></i> (1961)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vanina_Vanini_(film)" title="Vanina Vanini (film)">Vanina Vanini</a></i> (1961)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Anima_nera" title="Anima nera">Anima nera</a></i> (1962)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ro.Go.Pa.G." title="Ro.Go.Pa.G.">Ro.Go.Pa.G.</a></i> (segment: "Illibatezza", 1963)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Taking_of_Power_by_Louis_XIV" title="The Taking of Power by Louis XIV">The Taking of Power by Louis XIV</a></i> (1966)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Socrates_(1971_film)" title="Socrates (1971 film)">Socrates</a></i> (1971)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Blaise_Pascal_(film)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Blaise Pascal (film) (page does not exist)">Blaise Pascal</a></i> (1971)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Augustine_of_Hippo_(film)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Augustine of Hippo (film) (page does not exist)">Agostino d'Ippona</a></i> (1972)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Age_of_the_Medici" title="The Age of the Medici">L'età di Cosimo de' Medici</a></i> (1973)</li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cartesius_(film)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cartesius (film) (page does not exist)">Cartesius</a></i> (1973)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Anno_uno" title="Anno uno">Anno uno</a></i> (1974)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Messiah_(1975_film)" title="The Messiah (1975 film)">The Messiah</a></i> (1975)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Awards_for_Roberto_Rossellini96" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Awards_for_Roberto_Rossellini96" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Awards for Roberto Rossellini</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Nastro_d&#039;Argento_Award_for_Best_Director79" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #C0C0C0"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nastro_d%27Argento_Best_Director" title="Template:Nastro d'Argento Best Director"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nastro_d%27Argento_Best_Director" title="Template talk:Nastro d'Argento Best Director"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nastro_d%27Argento_Best_Director" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nastro d'Argento Best Director"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Nastro_d&#039;Argento_Award_for_Best_Director79" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Nastro_d%27Argento_for_Best_Director" title="Nastro d'Argento for Best Director">Nastro d'Argento Award for Best Director</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alessandro_Blasetti" title="Alessandro Blasetti">Alessandro Blasetti</a> / <a href="/wiki/Vittorio_De_Sica" title="Vittorio De Sica">Vittorio De Sica</a> (1946)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Roberto Rossellini</a> (1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alberto_Lattuada" title="Alberto Lattuada">Alberto Lattuada</a> / <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_De_Santis" title="Giuseppe De Santis">Giuseppe De Santis</a> (1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vittorio_De_Sica" title="Vittorio De Sica">Vittorio De Sica</a> (1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augusto_Genina" title="Augusto Genina">Augusto Genina</a> (1950)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alessandro_Blasetti" title="Alessandro Blasetti">Alessandro Blasetti</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renato_Castellani" title="Renato Castellani">Renato Castellani</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Zampa" title="Luigi Zampa">Luigi Zampa</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federico_Fellini" title="Federico Fellini">Federico Fellini</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federico_Fellini" title="Federico Fellini">Federico Fellini</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michelangelo_Antonioni" title="Michelangelo Antonioni">Michelangelo Antonioni</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pietro_Germi" title="Pietro Germi">Pietro Germi</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federico_Fellini" title="Federico Fellini">Federico Fellini</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pietro_Germi" title="Pietro Germi">Pietro Germi</a> (1959)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Roberto Rossellini</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luchino_Visconti" title="Luchino Visconti">Luchino Visconti</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michelangelo_Antonioni" title="Michelangelo Antonioni">Michelangelo Antonioni</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanni_Loy" title="Nanni Loy">Nanni Loy</a> / <a href="/wiki/Francesco_Rosi" title="Francesco Rosi">Francesco Rosi</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federico_Fellini" title="Federico Fellini">Federico Fellini</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pier_Paolo_Pasolini" title="Pier Paolo Pasolini">Pier Paolo Pasolini</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Pietrangeli" title="Antonio Pietrangeli">Antonio Pietrangeli</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gillo_Pontecorvo" title="Gillo Pontecorvo">Gillo Pontecorvo</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elio_Petri" title="Elio Petri">Elio Petri</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franco_Zeffirelli" title="Franco Zeffirelli">Franco Zeffirelli</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luchino_Visconti" title="Luchino Visconti">Luchino Visconti</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elio_Petri" title="Elio Petri">Elio Petri</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luchino_Visconti" title="Luchino Visconti">Luchino Visconti</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernardo_Bertolucci" title="Bernardo Bertolucci">Bernardo Bertolucci</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federico_Fellini" title="Federico Fellini">Federico Fellini</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luchino_Visconti" title="Luchino Visconti">Luchino Visconti</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michelangelo_Antonioni" title="Michelangelo Antonioni">Michelangelo Antonioni</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valerio_Zurlini" title="Valerio Zurlini">Valerio Zurlini</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paolo_and_Vittorio_Taviani" title="Paolo and Vittorio Taviani">Paolo and Vittorio Taviani</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ermanno_Olmi" title="Ermanno Olmi">Ermanno Olmi</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federico_Fellini" title="Federico Fellini">Federico Fellini</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesco_Rosi" title="Francesco Rosi">Francesco Rosi</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marco_Ferreri" title="Marco Ferreri">Marco Ferreri</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paolo_and_Vittorio_Taviani" title="Paolo and Vittorio Taviani">Paolo and Vittorio Taviani</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pupi_Avati" title="Pupi Avati">Pupi Avati</a> / <a href="/wiki/Federico_Fellini" title="Federico Fellini">Federico Fellini</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergio_Leone" title="Sergio Leone">Sergio Leone</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mario_Monicelli" title="Mario Monicelli">Mario Monicelli</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ettore_Scola" title="Ettore Scola">Ettore Scola</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernardo_Bertolucci" title="Bernardo Bertolucci">Bernardo Bertolucci</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ermanno_Olmi" title="Ermanno Olmi">Ermanno Olmi</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pupi_Avati" title="Pupi Avati">Pupi Avati</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gianni_Amelio" title="Gianni Amelio">Gianni Amelio</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriele_Salvatores" title="Gabriele Salvatores">Gabriele Salvatores</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gianni_Amelio" title="Gianni Amelio">Gianni Amelio</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanni_Moretti" title="Nanni Moretti">Nanni Moretti</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gianni_Amelio" title="Gianni Amelio">Gianni Amelio</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Tornatore" title="Giuseppe Tornatore">Giuseppe Tornatore</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurizio_Nichetti" title="Maurizio Nichetti">Maurizio Nichetti</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roberto_Benigni" title="Roberto Benigni">Roberto Benigni</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Tornatore" title="Giuseppe Tornatore">Giuseppe Tornatore</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silvio_Soldini" title="Silvio Soldini">Silvio Soldini</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanni_Moretti" title="Nanni Moretti">Nanni Moretti</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marco_Bellocchio" title="Marco Bellocchio">Marco Bellocchio</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriele_Salvatores" title="Gabriele Salvatores">Gabriele Salvatores</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marco_Tullio_Giordana" title="Marco Tullio Giordana">Marco Tullio Giordana</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gianni_Amelio" title="Gianni Amelio">Gianni Amelio</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michele_Placido" title="Michele Placido">Michele Placido</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Tornatore" title="Giuseppe Tornatore">Giuseppe Tornatore</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paolo_Virz%C3%AC" title="Paolo Virzì">Paolo Virzì</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paolo_Sorrentino" title="Paolo Sorrentino">Paolo Sorrentino</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paolo_Virz%C3%AC" title="Paolo Virzì">Paolo Virzì</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanni_Moretti" title="Nanni Moretti">Nanni Moretti</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paolo_Sorrentino" title="Paolo Sorrentino">Paolo Sorrentino</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Tornatore" title="Giuseppe Tornatore">Giuseppe Tornatore</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paolo_Virz%C3%AC" title="Paolo Virzì">Paolo Virzì</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paolo_Sorrentino" title="Paolo Sorrentino">Paolo Sorrentino</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paolo_Virz%C3%AC" title="Paolo Virzì">Paolo Virzì</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gianni_Amelio" title="Gianni Amelio">Gianni Amelio</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matteo_Garrone" title="Matteo Garrone">Matteo Garrone</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marco_Bellocchio" title="Marco Bellocchio">Marco Bellocchio</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matteo_Garrone" title="Matteo Garrone">Matteo Garrone</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emma_Dante" title="Emma Dante">Emma Dante</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mario_Martone" title="Mario Martone">Mario Martone</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marco_Bellocchio" title="Marco Bellocchio">Marco Bellocchio</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matteo_Garrone" title="Matteo Garrone">Matteo Garrone</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="National_Board_of_Review_Award_for_Best_Director88" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:National_Board_of_Review_Award_for_Best_Director" title="Template:National Board of Review Award for Best Director"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:National_Board_of_Review_Award_for_Best_Director" title="Template talk:National Board of Review Award for Best Director"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:National_Board_of_Review_Award_for_Best_Director" title="Special:EditPage/Template:National Board of Review Award for Best Director"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="National_Board_of_Review_Award_for_Best_Director88" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/National_Board_of_Review_Award_for_Best_Director" title="National Board of Review Award for Best Director">National Board of Review Award for Best Director</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:;width:1%">1945–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jean_Renoir" title="Jean Renoir">Jean Renoir</a> (1945)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Wyler" title="William Wyler">William Wyler</a> (1946)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Elia_Kazan" title="Elia Kazan">Elia Kazan</a> (1947)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Roberto Rossellini</a> (1948)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vittorio_De_Sica" title="Vittorio De Sica">Vittorio De Sica</a> (1949)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Huston" title="John Huston">John Huston</a> (1950)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Akira_Kurosawa" title="Akira Kurosawa">Akira Kurosawa</a> (1951)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/David_Lean" title="David Lean">David Lean</a> (1952)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Stevens" title="George Stevens">George Stevens</a> (1953)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Renato_Castellani" title="Renato Castellani">Renato Castellani</a> (1954)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Wyler" title="William Wyler">William Wyler</a> (1955)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Huston" title="John Huston">John Huston</a> (1956)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/David_Lean" title="David Lean">David Lean</a> (1957)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Ford" title="John Ford">John Ford</a> (1958)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fred_Zinnemann" title="Fred Zinnemann">Fred Zinnemann</a> (1959)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jack_Cardiff" title="Jack Cardiff">Jack Cardiff</a> (1960)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jack_Clayton" title="Jack Clayton">Jack Clayton</a> (1961)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/David_Lean" title="David Lean">David Lean</a> (1962)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tony_Richardson" title="Tony Richardson">Tony Richardson</a> (1963)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Desmond_Davis" title="Desmond Davis">Desmond Davis</a> (1964)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Schlesinger" title="John Schlesinger">John Schlesinger</a> (1965)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fred_Zinnemann" title="Fred Zinnemann">Fred Zinnemann</a> (1966)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Brooks" title="Richard Brooks">Richard Brooks</a> (1967)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Franco_Zeffirelli" title="Franco Zeffirelli">Franco Zeffirelli</a> (1968)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Hitchcock" title="Alfred Hitchcock">Alfred Hitchcock</a> (1969)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Truffaut" title="François Truffaut">François Truffaut</a> (1970)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ken_Russell" title="Ken Russell">Ken Russell</a> (1971)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bob_Fosse" title="Bob Fosse">Bob Fosse</a> (1972)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ingmar_Bergman" title="Ingmar Bergman">Ingmar Bergman</a> (1973)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Francis_Ford_Coppola" title="Francis Ford Coppola">Francis Ford Coppola</a> (1974)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Altman" title="Robert Altman">Robert Altman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Kubrick" title="Stanley Kubrick">Stanley Kubrick</a> (1975)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:;width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alan_J._Pakula" title="Alan J. Pakula">Alan J. Pakula</a> (1976)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Luis_Bu%C3%B1uel" title="Luis Buñuel">Luis Buñuel</a> (1977)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ingmar_Bergman" title="Ingmar Bergman">Ingmar Bergman</a> (1978)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Schlesinger" title="John Schlesinger">John Schlesinger</a> (1979)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Redford" title="Robert Redford">Robert Redford</a> (1980)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Warren_Beatty" title="Warren Beatty">Warren Beatty</a> (1981)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Lumet" title="Sidney Lumet">Sidney Lumet</a> (1982)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_L._Brooks" title="James L. Brooks">James L. Brooks</a> (1983)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/David_Lean" title="David Lean">David Lean</a> (1984)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Akira_Kurosawa" title="Akira Kurosawa">Akira Kurosawa</a> (1985)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Woody_Allen" title="Woody Allen">Woody Allen</a> (1986)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Steven_Spielberg" title="Steven Spielberg">Steven Spielberg</a> (1987)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alan_Parker" title="Alan Parker">Alan Parker</a> (1988)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Branagh" title="Kenneth Branagh">Kenneth Branagh</a> (1989)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Costner" title="Kevin Costner">Kevin Costner</a> (1990)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Demme" title="Jonathan Demme">Jonathan Demme</a> (1991)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_Ivory" title="James Ivory">James Ivory</a> (1992)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Martin_Scorsese" title="Martin Scorsese">Martin Scorsese</a> (1993)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Quentin_Tarantino" title="Quentin Tarantino">Quentin Tarantino</a> (1994)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ang_Lee" title="Ang Lee">Ang Lee</a> (1995)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Coen_brothers" title="Coen brothers">Joel Coen</a> (1996)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Curtis_Hanson" title="Curtis Hanson">Curtis Hanson</a> (1997)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Shekhar_Kapur" title="Shekhar Kapur">Shekhar Kapur</a> (1998)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Minghella" title="Anthony Minghella">Anthony Minghella</a> (1999)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Steven_Soderbergh" title="Steven Soderbergh">Steven Soderbergh</a> (2000)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:;width:1%">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Todd_Field" title="Todd Field">Todd Field</a> (2001)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Phillip_Noyce" title="Phillip Noyce">Phillip Noyce</a> (2002)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Zwick" title="Edward Zwick">Edward Zwick</a> (2003)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Mann" title="Michael Mann">Michael Mann</a> (2004)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ang_Lee" title="Ang Lee">Ang Lee</a> (2005)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Martin_Scorsese" title="Martin Scorsese">Martin Scorsese</a> (2006)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tim_Burton" title="Tim Burton">Tim Burton</a> (2007)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/David_Fincher" title="David Fincher">David Fincher</a> (2008)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Clint_Eastwood" title="Clint Eastwood">Clint Eastwood</a> (2009)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/David_Fincher" title="David Fincher">David Fincher</a> (2010)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Martin_Scorsese" title="Martin Scorsese">Martin Scorsese</a> (2011)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kathryn_Bigelow" title="Kathryn Bigelow">Kathryn Bigelow</a> (2012)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Spike_Jonze" title="Spike Jonze">Spike Jonze</a> (2013)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Clint_Eastwood" title="Clint Eastwood">Clint Eastwood</a> (2014)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ridley_Scott" title="Ridley Scott">Ridley Scott</a> (2015)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Barry_Jenkins" title="Barry Jenkins">Barry Jenkins</a> (2016)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Greta_Gerwig" title="Greta Gerwig">Greta Gerwig</a> (2017)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bradley_Cooper" title="Bradley Cooper">Bradley Cooper</a> (2018)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Quentin_Tarantino" title="Quentin Tarantino">Quentin Tarantino</a> (2019)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Spike_Lee" title="Spike Lee">Spike Lee</a> (2020)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Thomas_Anderson" title="Paul Thomas Anderson">Paul Thomas Anderson</a> (2021)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Steven_Spielberg" title="Steven Spielberg">Steven Spielberg</a> (2022)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Martin_Scorsese" title="Martin Scorsese">Martin Scorsese</a> (2023)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jon_M._Chu" title="Jon M. Chu">Jon M. Chu</a> (2024)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cannes_Film_Festival_jury_presidents121" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cannes_Film_Festival_jury_presidents" title="Template:Cannes Film Festival jury presidents"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cannes_Film_Festival_jury_presidents" title="Template talk:Cannes Film Festival jury presidents"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cannes_Film_Festival_jury_presidents" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cannes Film Festival jury presidents"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cannes_Film_Festival_jury_presidents121" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Cannes_Film_Festival_jury_presidents" title="List of Cannes Film Festival jury presidents">Cannes Film Festival jury presidents</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1946–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Huisman" title="Georges Huisman">Georges Huisman</a> (1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Huisman" title="Georges Huisman">Georges Huisman</a> (1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Huisman" title="Georges Huisman">Georges Huisman</a> (1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Maurois" title="André Maurois">André Maurois</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Genevoix" title="Maurice Genevoix">Maurice Genevoix</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Cocteau" title="Jean Cocteau">Jean Cocteau</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Cocteau" title="Jean Cocteau">Jean Cocteau</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcel_Pagnol" title="Marcel Pagnol">Marcel Pagnol</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Lehmann" title="Maurice Lehmann">Maurice Lehmann</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Maurois" title="André Maurois">André Maurois</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcel_Achard" title="Marcel Achard">Marcel Achard</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcel_Achard" title="Marcel Achard">Marcel Achard</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Simenon" title="Georges Simenon">Georges Simenon</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Giono" title="Jean Giono">Jean Giono</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetsur%C5%8D_Furukaki" title="Tetsurō Furukaki">Tetsurō Furukaki</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armand_Salacrou" title="Armand Salacrou">Armand Salacrou</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fritz_Lang" title="Fritz Lang">Fritz Lang</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olivia_de_Havilland" title="Olivia de Havilland">Olivia de Havilland</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophia_Loren" title="Sophia Loren">Sophia Loren</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alessandro_Blasetti" title="Alessandro Blasetti">Alessandro Blasetti</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Chamson" title="André Chamson">André Chamson</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luchino_Visconti" title="Luchino Visconti">Luchino Visconti</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miguel_%C3%81ngel_Asturias" title="Miguel Ángel Asturias">Miguel Ángel Asturias</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mich%C3%A8le_Morgan" title="Michèle Morgan">Michèle Morgan</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Losey" title="Joseph Losey">Joseph Losey</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingrid_Bergman" title="Ingrid Bergman">Ingrid Bergman</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Clair" title="René Clair">René Clair</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeanne_Moreau" title="Jeanne Moreau">Jeanne Moreau</a> (1975)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tennessee_Williams" title="Tennessee Williams">Tennessee Williams</a> (1976)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Roberto Rossellini</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_J._Pakula" title="Alan J. Pakula">Alan J. Pakula</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7oise_Sagan" title="Françoise Sagan">Françoise Sagan</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirk_Douglas" title="Kirk Douglas">Kirk Douglas</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Deray" title="Jacques Deray">Jacques Deray</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giorgio_Strehler" title="Giorgio Strehler">Giorgio Strehler</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Styron" title="William Styron">William Styron</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dirk_Bogarde" title="Dirk Bogarde">Dirk Bogarde</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milo%C5%A1_Forman" title="Miloš Forman">Miloš Forman</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sydney_Pollack" title="Sydney Pollack">Sydney Pollack</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yves_Montand" title="Yves Montand">Yves Montand</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ettore_Scola" title="Ettore Scola">Ettore Scola</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wim_Wenders" title="Wim Wenders">Wim Wenders</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernardo_Bertolucci" title="Bernardo Bertolucci">Bernardo Bertolucci</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Polanski" title="Roman Polanski">Roman Polanski</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Depardieu" title="Gérard Depardieu">Gérard Depardieu</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Malle" title="Louis Malle">Louis Malle</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clint_Eastwood" title="Clint Eastwood">Clint Eastwood</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeanne_Moreau" title="Jeanne Moreau">Jeanne Moreau</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Ford_Coppola" title="Francis Ford Coppola">Francis Ford Coppola</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabelle_Adjani" title="Isabelle Adjani">Isabelle Adjani</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Scorsese" title="Martin Scorsese">Martin Scorsese</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Cronenberg" title="David Cronenberg">David Cronenberg</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luc_Besson" title="Luc Besson">Luc Besson</a> (2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liv_Ullmann" title="Liv Ullmann">Liv Ullmann</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Lynch" title="David Lynch">David Lynch</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrice_Ch%C3%A9reau" title="Patrice Chéreau">Patrice Chéreau</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quentin_Tarantino" title="Quentin Tarantino">Quentin Tarantino</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emir_Kusturica" title="Emir Kusturica">Emir Kusturica</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wong_Kar-wai" title="Wong Kar-wai">Wong Kar-wai</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Frears" title="Stephen Frears">Stephen Frears</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sean_Penn" title="Sean Penn">Sean Penn</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabelle_Huppert" title="Isabelle Huppert">Isabelle Huppert</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Burton" title="Tim Burton">Tim Burton</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_De_Niro" title="Robert De Niro">Robert De Niro</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanni_Moretti" title="Nanni Moretti">Nanni Moretti</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Spielberg" title="Steven Spielberg">Steven Spielberg</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Campion" title="Jane Campion">Jane Campion</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coen_brothers" title="Coen brothers">Joel and Ethan Coen</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Miller_(filmmaker)" title="George Miller (filmmaker)">George Miller</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Almod%C3%B3var" title="Pedro Almodóvar">Pedro Almodóvar</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cate_Blanchett" title="Cate Blanchett">Cate Blanchett</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alejandro_Gonz%C3%A1lez_I%C3%B1%C3%A1rritu" title="Alejandro González Iñárritu">Alejandro González Iñárritu</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spike_Lee" title="Spike Lee">Spike Lee</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincent_Lindon" title="Vincent Lindon">Vincent Lindon</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruben_%C3%96stlund" title="Ruben Östlund">Ruben Östlund</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greta_Gerwig" title="Greta Gerwig">Greta Gerwig</a> (2024)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juliette_Binoche" title="Juliette Binoche">Juliette Binoche</a> (2025)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q53003#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata3909" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q53003#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata3909" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q53003#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit 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href="https://viaf.org/viaf/76322280">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/65241/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJw4y8BbygDQhvj3KjGCQq">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118602934">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80160075">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11922652n">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11922652n">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00474065">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Rossellini, Roberto <1906-1977>"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/CFIV070955">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35463810">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jx20080502002&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1098603">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/35571">Portugal</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p071096906">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Rossellini, Roberto, 1906-1977"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000313013&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bncatalogo.cl/F?func=direct&local_base=red10&doc_number=000040037">Chile</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC200208917">Korea</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/97mprh6t03k2xw0">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" 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rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500261900">ULAN</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.moma.org/artists/31408">Museum of Modern Art</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.performing-arts.eu/discovery/agent/gnd_118602934">FID</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/962193">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="ROSSELLINI, Roberto"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/roberto-rossellini_(Dizionario-Biografico)">Italian People</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/118602934.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118602934">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/028044495">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6v12tgw">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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