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class="search-box-icon-overlay"><span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--search"></span> </span> </div><button id="searchIcon" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet skin-minerva-search-trigger"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--search"></span> <span>Zoeken</span> </button> </form> <nav class="minerva-user-navigation" aria-label="Gebruikersnavigatie"> </nav> </div> </header> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <div class="banner-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="pre-content heading-holder"> <div class="page-heading"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Franken (volk)</span></h1> <div class="tagline"> historische Germaanse etnische groep </div> </div> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Franken_(volk)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#p-lang" data-mw="interface" data-event-name="menu.languages" title="Taal" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet language-selector"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--language"></span> <span>Taal</span> </a></li> <li id="page-actions-watch" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" id="ca-watch" href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Aanmelden&returnto=Franken+(volk)&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-event-name="menu.watch" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet menu__item--page-actions-watch"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--star"></span> <span>Volgen</span> </a></li> <li id="page-actions-edit" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" id="ca-edit" href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Franken_(volk)&action=edit&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-event-name="menu.edit" data-mw="interface" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet edit-page menu__item--page-actions-edit"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>Bewerken</span> </a></li> </ul> </nav> <div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"> <script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script> <div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nl" dir="ltr"> <section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <p>De <b>Franken</b> (<a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Middelnederlands?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Middelnederlands">Middelnederlands</a>: <i>Vranke</i>, <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oudhoogduits?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oudhoogduits">Oudhoogduits</a>: <i>Francho</i>, <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oudengels?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oudengels">Oudengels</a>: <i>Franca</i>, <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oudnoords?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oudnoords">Oudnoords</a>: <i>Frakki</i>) waren een <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Confederatie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Confederatie">federatie</a> van reeds eerder bekende <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Germanen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Germanen">Germaanse</a> stammen, die rond het midden van de <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/3e_eeuw?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="3e eeuw">3e eeuw na Christus</a> tot stand kwam.<sup id="cite_ref-Lendering2017_1-0" class="reference"><a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Franken_(volk)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Lendering2017-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wellicht verbonden deze stammen zich onder <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saksen_(volk)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Saksen (volk)">Saksische</a> druk nabij de <i><a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limes_(Romeinse_Rijk)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Limes (Romeinse Rijk)">limes</a></i> langs de <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rijn?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rijn">Rijn</a> van het <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Romeinse_Rijk?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Romeinse Rijk">Romeinse Rijk</a>. Vanuit hun oorspronkelijke gebied in het noordoosten van Nederland en het noordwesten van <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Duitsland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Duitsland">Duitsland</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Franken_(volk)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, staken ze vanaf de <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/4e_eeuw?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="4e eeuw">4e eeuw</a> de <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rijn?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rijn">Rijngrens</a> over en vestigden zich in de <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Romeinse_provincie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Romeinse provincie">Romeinse provincie</a> <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Germania_Inferior?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Germania Inferior">Germania Inferior</a>. Later breidden ze hun machtsgebied uit naar het huidige <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Belgi%C3%AB?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="België">België</a> en <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Frankrijk?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Frankrijk">Frankrijk</a>.</p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bestand:Elmo_franco,_01.JPG?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Elmo_franco%2C_01.JPG/260px-Elmo_franco%2C_01.JPG" decoding="async" width="260" height="266" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Elmo_franco%252C_01.JPG/390px-Elmo_franco%252C_01.JPG 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Elmo_franco%252C_01.JPG/520px-Elmo_franco%252C_01.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1462" data-file-height="1494"></a> <figcaption> Frankische helm uit de 7e eeuw (<a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Germanisches_Nationalmuseum?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Germanisches Nationalmuseum">Germanisches Nationalmuseum</a>, Neurenberg) </figcaption> </figure> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle" lang="nl" dir="ltr"> <h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Inhoud</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Franken_(volk)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Etymologie"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Etymologie</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Franken_(volk)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Herkomst_en_samenstelling"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Herkomst en samenstelling</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Franken_(volk)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Verspreiding_(ca._260_-_537)"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Verspreiding (ca. 260 - 537)</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Franken_(volk)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Overname_van_het_Romeins_gezag_(5e_eeuw)"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Overname van het Romeins gezag (5e eeuw)</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Franken_(volk)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Expansie_van_het_Frankische_Rijk_(5e_-_9e_eeuw)"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Expansie van het Frankische Rijk (5e - 9e eeuw)</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Franken_(volk)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Het_einde_van_de_Franken_als_apart_volk"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Het einde van de Franken als apart volk</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Franken_(volk)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#De_Lage_Landen_als_erfgenamen_van_de_Franken"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">De Lage Landen als erfgenamen van de Franken</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Franken_(volk)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Zie_ook"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Zie ook</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Franken_(volk)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Externe_link"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">Externe link</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Franken_(volk)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Literatuur"><span class="tocnumber">10</span> <span class="toctext">Literatuur</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Franken_(volk)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Referenties"><span class="tocnumber">11</span> <span class="toctext">Referenties</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Etymologie">Etymologie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Franken_(volk)&action=edit&section=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Etymologie" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>bewerken</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <p>De volksnaam <i>Frank</i> zou ‘onstuimig, wild, dapper’ kunnen betekenen in het Germaans.<sup id="cite_ref-EWN_3-0" class="reference"><a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Franken_(volk)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-EWN-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Deze oorsprong is wellicht terug te vinden in de niet-<a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nasalisatie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nasalisatie">genasaleerde</a> reeks <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Middelnederlands?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Middelnederlands">Middelnederlands</a> <i>vrac</i> ‘begerig, hebzuchtig’, <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Westerlauwers_Fries?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Westerlauwers Fries">Fries</a> <i>frak</i> ‘geil, welig; vleiend, vriendelijk’, Limburgs vrek, vrech 'brutaal', <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oudengels?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oudengels">Oudengels</a> <i>frǣc</i> ‘gierig, begerig’, <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Noors?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Noors">Oudnoors</a> <i>frakkr</i> ‘moedig’ en gewestelijk <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zweeds?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zweeds">Zweeds</a> <i>fräk</i> ‘vermetel’.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Franken_(volk)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later zou het de secundaire betekenis van ‘vrij’ (<abbr title="in tegenstelling tot">i.t.t.</abbr> de <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gallo-Romeinse_periode?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gallo-Romeinse periode">Galloromeinen</a> die onvrije onderworpelingen waren) gekregen hebben.<sup id="cite_ref-EWN_3-1" class="reference"><a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Franken_(volk)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-EWN-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> De volksnaam zou terug kunnen gaan op <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oudengels?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oudengels">Oudengels</a> <i>franca</i>, <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oudnoords?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oudnoords">Oudnoords</a> <i>frakka</i> ‘werpspies’. Maar volgens D.P. Blok werd de werpspies veeleer naar de Franken vernoemd dan omgekeerd.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Franken_(volk)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint nopopups"><a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Bronvermelding?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Bron_gevraagd" title="Wikipedia:Bronvermelding"><span title="Voor deze uitspraak is sinds 15 februari 2024 een bronvermelding gewenst. Motivering: Oncontroleerbare verwijzing zonder paginanummer.">[bron?]</span></a></sup> Dit is te vergelijken met de francisca, de <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Merovingen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Merovingen">Merovingische</a> tweebladige werpbijl die ook naar de Franken is vernoemd.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Herkomst_en_samenstelling">Herkomst en samenstelling</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Franken_(volk)&action=edit&section=2&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Herkomst en samenstelling" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>bewerken</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bestand:Germania_Magna.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Germania_Magna.jpg/260px-Germania_Magna.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="207" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1248" data-file-height="993"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 260px;height: 207px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Germania_Magna.jpg/260px-Germania_Magna.jpg" data-width="260" data-height="207" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Germania_Magna.jpg/390px-Germania_Magna.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Germania_Magna.jpg/520px-Germania_Magna.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Bevolking van <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Germania_Magna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Germania Magna">Germania Magna</a> (in geel en wit) ten tijde van keizer <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Imperator_Caesar_Augustus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperator Caesar Augustus">Augustus</a> (10 na Chr.) </figcaption> </figure> <p>De Franken werden nog niet vermeld door de <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Historicus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Historicus">historicus</a> <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Publius_Cornelius_Tacitus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Publius Cornelius Tacitus">Tacitus</a>, die wel gewag maakte van <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istvaeones?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istvaeones">Istvaeones</a>, evenals <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Plinius_de_Oudere?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Plinius de Oudere">Plinius de Oudere</a>. De vroegste verwijzingen naar de Franken dateren uit het midden van de derde eeuw en handelen over de vestiging van Frankische groepen ten noordoosten van de Rijn en de opsplitsing in twee deelgroepen, de <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Salische_Franken?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Salische Franken">Salische Franken</a> en de <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ripuarische_Franken?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ripuarische Franken">Ripuarische Franken</a>. Men gaat ervan uit dat de Franken oorspronkelijk zijn ontstaan als een soort verbond tussen diverse <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Germanen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Germanen">Germaanse</a> stammen. Genoemd worden de <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Usipeti?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Usipeti">Usipeti</a>, <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tencteri?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Tencteri">Tencteri</a>, <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sugambren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sugambren">Sugambri</a> en <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bructeri?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Bructeri">Bructeri</a>, die woonden in het dal van de Rijn (middenloop en Beneden-Rijn) en de gebieden direct ten oosten daarvan. <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gregorius_van_Tours?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gregorius van Tours">Gregorius van Tours</a>, die rond 570 een geschiedenis van de Franken geschreven heeft, zegt dat koning <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Clovis_I?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Clovis I">Clovis</a> een '<a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sugambren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sugambren">Sicamber</a>' genoemd werd.</p> <p>Sommigen verwerpen de algemeen aanvaarde theorie dat de Franken in het midden van de derde eeuw zijn ontstaan als een verbond van eerder bestaande Germaanse stammen. Zo zoekt men bijvoorbeeld een oorspronkelijk stamgebied in het huidige <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pommeren_(landstreek)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Pommeren (landstreek)">Pommeren</a> (Noordoost-Duitsland) of op de Deense eilanden.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Franken_(volk)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gregorius van Tours noemde een legende dat de Franken uit <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pannoni%C3%AB?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pannonië">Pannonia</a> afkomstig zouden zijn geweest.</p> <p>Tot de Franken in <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Etnologie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Etnologie">etnologische</a> zin rekent men gewoonlijk de volgende <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Germanen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Germanen">West-Germaanse</a> stammen:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Salische_Franken?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Salische Franken">Salische Franken</a> (of Westfranken sinds 420), onder wie gerekend worden: <ul> <li><a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bructeren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bructeren">Bructeren</a></li> <li><a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ampsivaren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ampsivaren">Ampsivaren</a></li> <li><a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chamaven?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chamaven">Chamaven</a></li> <li><a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chattuaren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Chattuaren">Chattuaren</a></li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ripuarische_Franken?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ripuarische Franken">Ripuarische Franken</a> (ook: Rijnfranken), onder wie gerekend worden: <ul> <li><a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cherusken?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cherusken">Cherusken</a></li> <li><a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sugambren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sugambren">Sugambriërs</a> (ook: Sigambren)</li> <li><a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tencteren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tencteren">Tencteren</a></li> <li><a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ubi%C3%ABrs?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ubiërs">Ubiërs</a></li> <li>later ook de <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chatten_(volk)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chatten (volk)">Chatten</a> (thans <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hessen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hessen">Hessen</a>)</li> <li><a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bataven?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bataven">Bataven</a> en <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Usipeti?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Usipeti">Usipeten</a>(?), mogelijk opgegaan in de Salische Franken, die hun gebied koloniseerden</li> </ul></li> </ul> <p>Het gebied van de Ripuarische Franken besloeg het gehele midden- en lagere Rijngebied, het gebied ten oosten van de Maas en het gebied langs de Moezel. In de Lage Landen heersten de Ripuarische Franken over het gebied boven de Beneden-Rijn (de Betuwe en Hamaland).</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Verspreiding_(ca._260_-_537)"><span id="Verspreiding_.28ca._260_-_537.29"></span>Verspreiding (ca. 260 - 537)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Franken_(volk)&action=edit&section=3&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Verspreiding (ca. 260 - 537)" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>bewerken</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <p>De vestiging van Frankische stammen tussen circa 260 en 537 geeft een geleidelijke verbreiding te zien vanaf de oevers van de Rijn naar het zuiden en westen. De Franken wisten na hun eerste binnenvallen in Romeins gebied (274 n.Chr.) de Romeinse macht in een groot deel van het huidige Rijnland over te nemen. Deze groep Franken wordt ook wel aangeduid als de <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ripuarische_Franken?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ripuarische Franken">Ripuarische Franken</a>. Weliswaar wisten de Romeinen in de periode 290-310 n.Chr. hun macht over de Rijn opnieuw te vestigen; de streek was echter grotendeels ontvolkt en werd niet opnieuw geromaniseerd, maar bevolkt met Frankische nieuwkomers.</p> <p>In het begin van de vierde eeuw vestigden de keizers <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Maximianus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Maximianus">Maximianus</a> en <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Constantius_I_Chlorus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Constantius I Chlorus">Constantius I</a>, die het Frankische grondgebied op de rechter Rijnoever enorm brandschatten, krijgsgevangen Franken in de ontvolkte gebieden in Gallië. Hier werden zij gedwongen de verlaten akkers te bewerken en rekruten te leveren aan het leger. <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWijendaele202435_7-0" class="reference"><a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Franken_(volk)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWijendaele202435-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Halverwege de vierde eeuw kwam er een samenwerkingsverband tussen de zogenaamde <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Salische_Franken?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Salische Franken">Salische Franken</a> en de Romeinen tot stand, De Romeinse generaal (en wat latere keizer) <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Julianus_Apostata?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Julianus Apostata">Julianus</a> verleende de Salische Franken in <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/358?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="358">358</a> de status van <i><a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Foederati?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Foederati">foederati</a></i> ('bondgenoten') en kregen zij op Romeins gebied in de Scheldevallei, tussen de grote rivieren en in het ontvolkte gebied van de <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kempen_(streek)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kempen (streek)">Kempen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Lendering2017_1-1" class="reference"><a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Franken_(volk)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Lendering2017-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> De status van <i>foederati</i> betekende dat de Franken voor de verdediging van dat deel van het Romeinse Rijk moesten instaan, in ruil voor de afschaffing van belastingbijdragen.</p> <p>Het is niet bekend wat de drijvende krachten waren achter deze migratie, maar het zou te maken kunnen hebben met het klimaat. De trek van de Franken naar het zuidwesten verliep parallel met de trek van de Saksen naar Engeland via de tegenwoordige Nederlandse kust rond 440-450. Rond 480 bezetten de Franken een gebied dat bijna geheel los lag van hun oorspronkelijke territorium, hoewel er rond 537 weer enige overlapping was met hun oorspronkelijke gebied.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Overname_van_het_Romeins_gezag_(5e_eeuw)"><span id="Overname_van_het_Romeins_gezag_.285e_eeuw.29"></span>Overname van het Romeins gezag (5e eeuw)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Franken_(volk)&action=edit&section=4&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Overname van het Romeins gezag (5e eeuw)" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>bewerken</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bestand:CHILDERICI_REGIS.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/CHILDERICI_REGIS.jpg/260px-CHILDERICI_REGIS.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="204" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="457" data-file-height="359"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 260px;height: 204px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/CHILDERICI_REGIS.jpg/260px-CHILDERICI_REGIS.jpg" data-width="260" data-height="204" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/CHILDERICI_REGIS.jpg/390px-CHILDERICI_REGIS.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/14/CHILDERICI_REGIS.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Zegelring van <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Childerik_I?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Childerik I">Childerik I</a> (ca. 436-481) </figcaption> </figure> <p>In de loop van de <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/5e_eeuw?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="5e eeuw">vijfde eeuw na Chr.</a> stortte het <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/West-Romeinse_Rijk?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="West-Romeinse Rijk">Romeinse gezag in West-Europa</a> ineen. In de noordelijke streken, waaronder het gebied van het latere Nederland en België, betekende dat deels een terugval in de beschaving, zelfs gedeeltelijk terug naar de <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Prehistorie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Prehistorie">prehistorie</a>: de meeste geletterde bewoners van Noordwest-Europa trokken weg naar het zuiden, er werd bijna niets meer op schrift gesteld. Daarom wordt de meeste kennis voor een reconstructie van de geschiedenis van die tijd uit archeologische opgravingen gehaald. Van de andere kant bouwden de Franken tussen ca. 350 en 500 een sterk koninkrijk op, dat veel elementen van de Romeinse cultuur en bestuur overnam.<sup id="cite_ref-Lendering2017_1-2" class="reference"><a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Franken_(volk)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Lendering2017-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="hatnote" style="margin-bottom:0.5em; padding:0.5em 0 0.5em 1.6em; font-size:95%;" role="note"> <span typeof="mw:File"><span> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/15px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="480"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 15px;height: 15px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/15px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="15" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/23px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/30px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> <i>Zie <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Frankische_Oorlog_(428)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Frankische Oorlog (428)">Frankische Oorlog (428)</a> en <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Frankische_Oorlog_(431-432)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Frankische Oorlog (431-432)">Frankische Oorlog (431-432)</a> voor de hoofdartikelen over dit onderwerp.</i> </div> <p>Omstreeks 406 vochten Franken als <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Huursoldaat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Huursoldaat">huursoldaten</a> van de <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Usurpator?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Usurpator">usurpator</a> <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Constantijn_III_van_Rome?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Constantijn III van Rome">Constantijn III</a> tegen de rechtmatige keizer <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Honorius_(keizer)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Honorius (keizer)">Honorius</a>. Onder de Frankische koning <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chlodio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chlodio">Chlodio</a> voerden zij een aantal oorlogen tegen de Romeinen gericht op gebiedsuitbreiding in Noord-Gallië, onder andere in <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Frankische_Oorlog_(428)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Frankische Oorlog (428)">428</a> en <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Frankische_Oorlog_(431-432)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Frankische Oorlog (431-432)">431/432</a>. Omstreeks 460 poogden keizer <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Majorianus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Majorianus">Majorianus</a> en generaal <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aegidius?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aegidius">Aegidius</a> het Romeinse gezag in het Nederlandse rivierengebied te herstellen met behulp van Frankische huurlingen.</p> <p>In 476 stortte het West-Romeinse staatsapparaat definitief in.<sup id="cite_ref-Lendering2017_1-3" class="reference"><a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Franken_(volk)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Lendering2017-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Tien jaar na het afzetten van <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Romulus_Augustulus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Romulus Augustulus">Romulus Augustulus</a> als laatste Romeinse keizer in West-Europa versloeg de Frankische koning <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Clovis_I?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Clovis I">Clovis</a> in <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/486?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="486">486</a> de 'Romeinse generaal' <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Syagrius?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Syagrius">Syagrius</a> (eigenlijk een plaatselijke <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Krijgsheer?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Krijgsheer">krijgsheer</a>) bij <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Soissons_(stad)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Soissons (stad)">Soissons</a>, zodat het noorden van Gallië in zijn handen viel. Met Clovis begon de grote uitbreiding van het Frankische Rijk.<sup id="cite_ref-Lendering2017_1-4" class="reference"><a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Franken_(volk)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Lendering2017-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Clovis bracht zijn hofhouding over naar <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lutetia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lutetia">Lutetia</a> (de huidige Franse hoofdstad <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Parijs?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Parijs">Parijs</a>) en het hele gebied van Gallië erfde uiteindelijk de naam <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Frankische_Rijk?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Frankische Rijk">Francië</a> van hun nieuwe heersers.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Expansie_van_het_Frankische_Rijk_(5e_-_9e_eeuw)"><span id="Expansie_van_het_Frankische_Rijk_.285e_-_9e_eeuw.29"></span>Expansie van het Frankische Rijk (5e - 9e eeuw)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Franken_(volk)&action=edit&section=5&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Expansie van het Frankische Rijk (5e - 9e eeuw)" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>bewerken</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bestand:Franks_expansion.gif?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Franks_expansion.gif/260px-Franks_expansion.gif" decoding="async" width="260" height="166" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="790" data-file-height="505"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 260px;height: 166px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Franks_expansion.gif/260px-Franks_expansion.gif" data-width="260" data-height="166" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Franks_expansion.gif/390px-Franks_expansion.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Franks_expansion.gif/520px-Franks_expansion.gif 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Expansie van het Frankische Rijk, 481-870 </figcaption> </figure> <div class="hatnote" style="margin-bottom:0.5em; padding:0.5em 0 0.5em 1.6em; font-size:95%;" role="note"> <span typeof="mw:File"><span> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/15px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="480"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 15px;height: 15px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/15px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="15" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/23px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/1rightarrow_blue.svg/30px-1rightarrow_blue.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span> <i>Zie <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Frankische_Rijk?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Frankische Rijk">Frankische Rijk</a> voor het hoofdartikel over dit onderwerp.</i> </div> <p>Van de 6e tot en met de 8e eeuw veroverden de Franken onder de <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Merovingen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Merovingen">Merovingische</a> koningen geleidelijk ook de nooit door Rome bezette streken van <i><a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Germani%C3%AB?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Germanië">Germania Magna</a></i> ten oosten van de Rijn en ten noorden van de Donau (grofweg de gebieden van het huidige <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Duitsland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Duitsland">Duitsland</a>, <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tsjechi%C3%AB?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tsjechië">Tsjechië</a>, <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oostenrijk?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oostenrijk">Oostenrijk</a> en <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zwitserland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zwitserland">Zwitserland</a>). Onder de <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Karolingen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Karolingen">Karolingische dynastie</a> bezetten de Franken ten slotte het grootste deel van huidig Italië en het gebied in Noord-Spanje tussen de <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ebro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ebro">Ebro</a> en de <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pyrenee%C3%ABn?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pyreneeën">Pyreneeën</a>. Daarmee ontstond in Europa de machtigste staat sinds de val van het West-Romeinse Rijk. De bekroning van de Frankische expansie vond letterlijk plaats toen Karel de Grote in het jaar <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/800?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="800">800</a> door de <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Paus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Paus">paus</a> tot keizer van het <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Heilige_Roomse_Rijk?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Heilige Roomse Rijk">Heilige Roomse Rijk</a> werd gekroond.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Het_einde_van_de_Franken_als_apart_volk">Het einde van de Franken als apart volk</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Franken_(volk)&action=edit&section=6&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Het einde van de Franken als apart volk" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>bewerken</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <p>In de vroegere Romeinse streken <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Assimilatie_(sociologie)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Assimilatie (sociologie)">assimileerden</a> de Franken geleidelijk in de Latijnstalige bevolking die getalsmatig veel groter was dan de kleine bovenlaag van Frankische heersers. Vooral toen de Franken zich tot het <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christendom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Christendom">christendom</a> (<a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katholicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Katholicisme">katholicisme</a>) bekeerden, vergemakkelijkte dit het assimilatieproces. Geleidelijk versmolt de nieuwe Frankische met de oude <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gallo-Romeinse_periode?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gallo-Romeinse periode">Gallo-Romeinse</a> toplaag door onderlinge huwelijken. Dit proces heeft echter lang geduurd. De Frankische koningen bleven tot na <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Karel_de_Grote?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Karel de Grote">Karel de Grote</a> hun Germaanse taal spreken en zelfs van nadien zijn er bewijzen dat de adel uit de omgeving van Parijs hun zonen naar het noorden stuurden omdat daar beter Frankisch gesproken werd. Buiten de vroegere Romeinse rijksgrens ging het samensmelten van de onderling toch al verwante West-Germaanse stammen vrij geruisloos en na 900 was het oorspronkelijke stamonderscheid nog maar van weinig betekenis. Zie ook het ontstaan van de <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Taalgrens?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Taalgrens">Taalgrens</a> tussen Romaans en Germaans Europa.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="De_Lage_Landen_als_erfgenamen_van_de_Franken">De Lage Landen als erfgenamen van de Franken</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Franken_(volk)&action=edit&section=7&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bewerk dit kopje: De Lage Landen als erfgenamen van de Franken" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>bewerken</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bestand:Maastricht,_Sint-Servaasbasiliek,_Oostcrypte,_vroegchristelijke_grafstenen_(collage).jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Maastricht%2C_Sint-Servaasbasiliek%2C_Oostcrypte%2C_vroegchristelijke_grafstenen_%28collage%29.jpg/260px-Maastricht%2C_Sint-Servaasbasiliek%2C_Oostcrypte%2C_vroegchristelijke_grafstenen_%28collage%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="245" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="963" data-file-height="908"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 260px;height: 245px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Maastricht%2C_Sint-Servaasbasiliek%2C_Oostcrypte%2C_vroegchristelijke_grafstenen_%28collage%29.jpg/260px-Maastricht%2C_Sint-Servaasbasiliek%2C_Oostcrypte%2C_vroegchristelijke_grafstenen_%28collage%29.jpg" data-width="260" data-height="245" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Maastricht%2C_Sint-Servaasbasiliek%2C_Oostcrypte%2C_vroegchristelijke_grafstenen_%28collage%29.jpg/390px-Maastricht%2C_Sint-Servaasbasiliek%2C_Oostcrypte%2C_vroegchristelijke_grafstenen_%28collage%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Maastricht%2C_Sint-Servaasbasiliek%2C_Oostcrypte%2C_vroegchristelijke_grafstenen_%28collage%29.jpg/520px-Maastricht%2C_Sint-Servaasbasiliek%2C_Oostcrypte%2C_vroegchristelijke_grafstenen_%28collage%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vroegchristelijke_grafstenen_in_de_Sint-Servaasbasiliek?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vroegchristelijke grafstenen in de Sint-Servaasbasiliek">Vroeg-christelijke grafstenen</a> (5e-6e eeuw) in de <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Crypten_van_de_Sint-Servaasbasiliek?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Oostcrypte" title="Crypten van de Sint-Servaasbasiliek">oostcrypte van de St-Servaaskerk</a> in Maastricht. Sommige grafstenen dragen Frankische namen, andere Romaanse </figcaption> </figure> <p>In politiek opzicht heeft het oude stamonderscheid sinds de 11e eeuw weinig betekenis meer. In cultureel opzicht echter bleven de dialecten door de eeuwen heen steeds verder uit elkaar groeien. Door grote taalveranderingen, onder meer veroorzaakt door toenemende regionale verschillen tussen Frankische dialecten toen de rondzwervende stammen van de volksverhuizingen zich definitief op vaste woonplekken vestigden, raakte ook het <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Frankisch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Frankisch">Frankisch</a> zelf verdeeld in <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nederfrankisch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nederfrankisch">Nederfrankisch</a>, <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Middelfrankisch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Middelfrankisch">Middelfrankisch</a>, <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oostfrankisch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Oostfrankisch">Oostfrankisch</a> en <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zuid-Frankisch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zuid-Frankisch">Zuid-Frankisch</a>. Het onderscheid tussen <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nederduits?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nederduits">Nederduits</a> en <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hoogduits?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hoogduits">Hoogduits</a> werd zo belangrijker dan het, overigens ook toenemende, verschil tussen Frankisch en <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oudsaksisch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oudsaksisch">Saksisch</a>. Het algemene proces van differentiatie werd pas veel later omgekeerd door de invoering van het massaonderwijs. Het Standaardduits is een mengeling van Saksische en Frankische elementen. De volledige eenwording van alle West-Germaanse dialecten is niet doorgegaan doordat er (onder invloed van de <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Maarten_Luther?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Maarten Luther">lutheraanse</a> bijbelvertaling in het oosten en de <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Johannes_Calvijn?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Johannes Calvijn">calvinistische</a> bijbelvertaling in het westen) twee standaardtalen ontstaan zijn: het <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nederlands?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nederlands">Nederlands</a> en het <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Duits?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Duits">Duits</a>.</p> <p>Het Nederlands stamt voor een groot deel af van Nederfrankische dialecten. Het <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Limburgs?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Limburgs">Limburgs</a> dat in <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Walloni%C3%AB?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wallonië">Wallonië</a> nog in de streek van <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Landen_van_Overmaas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Landen van Overmaas">Overmaas</a> gesproken wordt, is door de <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Franse_Gemeenschap?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Franse Gemeenschap">Franse Gemeenschap</a> erkend als het <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Middelfrankisch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Middelfrankisch">Frankisch of <i>francique</i></a>. Er zijn maar weinig documenten bewaard die het mogelijk maken het ontstaan van het <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oudnederlands?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oudnederlands">Oudnederlands</a> goed te bestuderen. De Franken stonden er om politieke redenen op dat de schrijftaal <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Latijn?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Latijn">Latijn</a> was om zo beter aansluiting te krijgen bij hun <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Romaanse_talen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Romaanse talen">Romaanstalige</a> onderdanen, hoewel Karel de Grote een –verloren gegaan– boek met oude volksverhalen in zijn eigen taal liet schrijven. Toch zijn er vanaf de <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/6e_eeuw?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="6e eeuw">6e eeuw</a> in bijvoorbeeld de <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Salische_wet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Salische wet">Salische wet</a> enige Frankische taalresten aangetroffen.</p> <p>In de noordelijke gewesten van Nederland hadden lange tijd de <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Friezen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Friezen">Friezen</a> de overhand, vooral langs de kust. In tegenstelling tot Friezen en Saksen gingen de Franken al vroeg tot het <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rooms-katholieke_Kerk?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Rooms-katholieke Kerk">katholieke</a> <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Christendom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Christendom">christendom</a> over. Vanaf de late <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/7e_eeuw?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="7e eeuw">7e eeuw</a> vormde <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Traiectum_(Utrecht)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Traiectum (Utrecht)">Utrecht</a> een Frankisch bolwerk van waaruit werd geprobeerd ook de Friezen en Saksen te <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kerstening?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kerstening">kerstenen</a> (en te onderwerpen), een proces dat de hele <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/8e_eeuw?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="8e eeuw">8e eeuw</a> voortduurde.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Zie_ook">Zie ook</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Franken_(volk)&action=edit&section=8&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Zie ook" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>bewerken</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <ul> <li><a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lijst_van_Frankische_koningen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Lijst van Frankische koningen">Lijst van Frankische koningen</a></li> <li><a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ripuarische_Franken?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ripuarische Franken">Ripuarische Franken</a></li> <li><a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Salische_Franken?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Salische Franken">Salische Franken</a></li> <li><a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Volksverhuizing_in_de_Lage_Landen_(Frankische_Tijd)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Volksverhuizing in de Lage Landen (Frankische Tijd)">Volksverhuizing in de Lage Landen (Frankische Tijd)</a></li> <li><a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Frankisch-Visigotische_Oorlog_(496-498)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Frankisch-Visigotische Oorlog (496-498)">Frankisch-Visigotische Oorlog (496-498)</a></li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Externe_link">Externe link</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Franken_(volk)&action=edit&section=9&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Externe link" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>bewerken</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <ul> <li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67679320">.mw-parser-output .taalaanduiding{font-family:sans-serif;font-size:85%;cursor:help;color:var(--color-subtle,#555)}.mw-parser-output .taalaanduiding span{border-bottom:1px dotted var(--color-subtle,#555)}</style><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20070713215915/http://www.proto-english.org/e1.html">Proto-English.org</a> - alternatieve <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Etymologie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Etymologie">etymologie</a> van de Franken</li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(10)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Literatuur">Literatuur</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Franken_(volk)&action=edit&section=10&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Literatuur" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>bewerken</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-10 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-10"> <ul> <li><span style="font-variant:small-caps;"><a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dick_Blok?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dick Blok">D.P. Blok</a></span>, <i>De Franken in Nederland</i>, 3e dr., Haarlem: Fibula-Van Dishoeck, 1979</li> <li><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Willem Jan de Boone</span>, <i>De Franken van hun eerste optreden tot de dood van Childerik</i>, diss., Groningen 1954</li> <li><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Edward James</span>, <i>De Franken</i>, vert. uit het Engels <i>The Franks</i> door P. Nijhoff, Baarn: <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ambo_(uitgeverij)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ambo (uitgeverij)">Ambo</a>, 1990, 278 blz. <span class="ISBN"><a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/90-263-1044-7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Speciaal:Boekbronnen/90-263-1044-7">ISBN 90-263-1044-7</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Bernhard Jussen</span>: <i>Die Franken. Geschichte, Gesellschaft, Kultur.</i> C. H. Beck, München 2014, <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/9783406661815?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-3-406-66181-5</a>.</li> <li><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Ulrich Nonn</span>, <i>Die Franken.</i> Stuttgart: Kohlhammer, 2010 (= Urban Taschenbücher 579)</li> <li><span style="font-variant:small-caps;"><a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Luit_van_der_Tuuk?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Luit van der Tuuk">Luit van der Tuuk</a></span>, <i>Koningen en krijgsheren. De Franken in de Lage Landen</i>, Kampen: Omniboek, 2009. <span class="ISBN"><a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/978-90-5977-421-6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Speciaal:Boekbronnen/978-90-5977-421-6">ISBN 978-90-5977-421-6</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Luit van der Tuuk</span>, <i>De Franken in België en Nederland. Heersers in de vroege middeleeuwen</i>, Utrecht: Omniboek, 2016, <span class="ISBN"><a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/9789401909129?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Speciaal:Boekbronnen/9789401909129">ISBN 9789401909129</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Jeroen W.P. Wijnendaele</span>, <i>De wereld van Clovis. Over de Frankische erfgenamen van het Romeinse Rijk</i>, 2017, <span class="ISBN"><a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Speciaal:Boekbronnen/9789023442141?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Speciaal:Boekbronnen/9789023442141">ISBN 9789023442141</a></span></li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(11)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Referenties">Referenties</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Franken_(volk)&action=edit&section=11&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Referenties" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>bewerken</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-11 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-11"> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Lendering2017-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Franken_(volk)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Lendering2017_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Franken_(volk)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Lendering2017_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Franken_(volk)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Lendering2017_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Franken_(volk)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Lendering2017_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Franken_(volk)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Lendering2017_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;"><a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jona_Lendering?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jona Lendering">Jona Lendering</a></span> (2017): 'De Franken redden juist de Romeinse cultuur'. In: <i><a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/De_Volkskrant?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="De Volkskrant">de Volkskrant</a></i>, 3 & 4 juni 2017, pp. W4-W5 (Wetenschapskatern).</span></li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Franken_(volk)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">James, E.</span>, <i>De Franken</i>, pag. 35-38</span></li> <li id="cite_note-EWN-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Franken_(volk)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-EWN_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Franken_(volk)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-EWN_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Marlies <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Philippa</span> e.a., s.v. ‘frank’, in: <i><a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Etymologisch_woordenboek_van_het_Nederlands?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Etymologisch woordenboek van het Nederlands">Etymologisch woordenboek van het Nederlands</a></i>, 3 dln., Amsterdam: UvA, 2003-2009.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Franken_(volk)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Gunther <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Drosdowsi</span>, Paul <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Grebe</span> e.a. (red.), s.v. ‘frank’ / ‘frech’, in: <i>Duden, Das Herkunftswörterbuch. Etymologie der deutschen Sprache</i>, 5e dr., Berlijn: Duden, 2013, blz. 202–3.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Franken_(volk)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Dirk Peter <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Blok</span>, <i>De Franken in Nederland</i>, 3e dr., Haarlem: Fibula-Van Dishoeck, 1979.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Franken_(volk)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> Grabois, Aryeh: <i>Enzyklopädie des Mittelalters</i>. Zürich: Edition Atlantis 1988, bl. 212</span></li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWijendaele202435-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Franken_(volk)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWijendaele202435_7-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Franken_(volk)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#CITEREFWijendaele2024">Wijendaele 2024</a>, p. 35.</span></li> </ol> </div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67837862">.mw-parser-output .navigatie{position:relative;clear:both;overflow:auto;margin:1em auto -0.5em;padding:2px;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);text-align:center;font-size:87%}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-bewerken{margin-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-bewerken .mw-ui-icon::before{background-size:0.9em}.mw-parser-output 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href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Sitones&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Sitones (de pagina bestaat niet)">Sitones</a> · <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Skiren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Skiren">Skiren</a> · <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sueben?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sueben">Sueben</a> · <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sugambren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sugambren">Sugambren</a> · <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Svear?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Svear">Suiones</a> · <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tencteren?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tencteren">Tencteren</a> · <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Teutonen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Teutonen">Teutonen</a> · <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Toxandri%C3%ABrs?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Toxandriërs">Toxandriërs</a> · <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Triboken?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Triboken">Triboken</a> · <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tubanten?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tubanten">Tubanten</a> · <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tudri&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Tudri (de pagina bestaat niet)">Tudri</a> · <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tungri?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tungri">Tungri</a> · <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ubi%C3%ABrs?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ubiërs">Ubiërs</a> · <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Usipeti?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Usipeti">Usipeten</a> · <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vandalen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vandalen">Vandalen</a> · <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vangionen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vangionen">Vangionen</a> · <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Visigoten?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Visigoten">Visigoten</a> · <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Volcae?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Volcae">Volcae</a> · <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Warnen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Warnen">Warnen</a></p> <p><b><a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Germani_cisrhenani?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Germani cisrhenani">Germani cisrhenani</a>:</b> <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Caerosi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Caerosi">Caerosi</a> · <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Condrusi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Condrusi">Condrusi</a> · <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eburonen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eburonen">Eburonen</a> · <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Paemani?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Paemani">Paemani</a> · <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Segni_(volk)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Segni (volk)">Segni</a></p> <p><b>Stamverenigingen:</b> <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Herminones?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Herminones">Herminones</a> · <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ingvaeones?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ingvaeones">Ingvaeones</a> · <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istvaeones?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istvaeones">Istvaeones</a></p> </div> </div> <div class="interProject commons mw-list-item" style="display:none;"> <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Franken_(volk)%23mw-subcategories" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Franken (volk)">Mediabestanden</a> </div> <div class="interProjectTemplate interProject-groot toccolours" style="display:flex; gap:1em; align-items:center; clear:both; margin:1em 0 -0.5em 0;"> <div style="min-width:max-content;"> <span class="noviewer noresize" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bestand:Commons-logo.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/25px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="34" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 25px;height: 34px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/25px-Commons-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="25" data-height="34" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/38px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/50px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span> </div> <div> Zie de categorie <i><b><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Frankish_people%23mw-subcategories" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Frankish people">Frankish people</a></b></i> van <a href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a> voor mediabestanden over dit onderwerp. </div> </div>   </section> </div> <noscript> <img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=mobile&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"> </noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet=""> Overgenomen van "<a dir="ltr" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DFranken_(volk)%26oldid%3D68680496">https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Franken_(volk)&oldid=68680496</a>" </div> </div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"><a class="last-modified-bar" href="https://nl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Franken_(volk)&action=history&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"><span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-medium minerva-icon--modified-history"></span> <span class="last-modified-bar__text modified-enhancement" data-user-name="81.206.217.108" data-user-gender="unknown" data-timestamp="1735869672"> <span>Laatst bewerkt op 3 jan 2025, om 03:01</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div></a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id="mw-data-after-content"> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Talen</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franke" title="Franke – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Franke" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franken_(Volk)" title="Franken (Volk) – Zwitserduits" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Franken (Volk)" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Zwitserduits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francos" title="Francos – Aragonees" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Francos" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francan" title="Francan – Oudengels" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Francan" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Oudengels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2581%25D8%25B1%25D9%2586%25D8%25AC%25D8%25A9" title="فرنجة – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فرنجة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2581%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25D9%2583%25D9%258A%25D9%258A%25D9%2586" title="فرانكيين – Egyptisch Arabisch" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="فرانكيين" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptisch Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pueblu_francu" title="Pueblu francu – Asturisch" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Pueblu francu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franklar" title="Franklar – Azerbeidzjaans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Franklar" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidzjaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2581%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25DA%25A9%25E2%2580%258C%25D9%2584%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1" title="فرانک‌لار – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="فرانک‌لار" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A4%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25BA%25D1%2596" title="Франкі – Belarussisch" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Франкі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A4%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B8" title="Франки – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Франки" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A6%25AB%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25B0%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%2599%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%2595_%25E0%25A6%259C%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%25A4%25E0%25A6%25BF" title="ফ্রাঙ্ক জাতি – Bengaals" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ফ্রাঙ্ক জাতি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franked" title="Franked – Bretons" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Franked" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Bretons" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franci" title="Franci – Bosnisch" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Franci" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francs" title="Francs – Catalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Francs" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankov%25C3%25A9" title="Frankové – Tsjechisch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Frankové" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A4%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25BA%25D1%2581%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BC" title="Франксем – Tsjoevasjisch" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Франксем" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Tsjoevasjisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ffranciaid" title="Ffranciaid – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Ffranciaid" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankere" title="Frankere – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Frankere" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franken_(Volk)" title="Franken (Volk) – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Franken (Volk)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25CE%25A6%25CF%2581%25CE%25AC%25CE%25B3%25CE%25BA%25CE%25BF%25CE%25B9" title="Φράγκοι – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Φράγκοι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franks" title="Franks – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Franks" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankoj" title="Frankoj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Frankoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pueblo_franco" title="Pueblo franco – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Pueblo franco" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frangid" title="Frangid – Estisch" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Frangid" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankoak" title="Frankoak – Baskisch" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Frankoak" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2581%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25DA%25A9%25E2%2580%258C%25D9%2587%25D8%25A7" title="فرانک‌ها – Perzisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فرانک‌ها" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perzisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankit" title="Frankit – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Frankit" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankar" title="Frankar – Faeröers" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Frankar" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faeröers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francs" title="Francs – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Francs" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franken_(fulk)" title="Franken (fulk) – Noord-Fries" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Franken (fulk)" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Noord-Fries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franken" title="Franken – Fries" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Franken" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Fries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Na_Frainc" title="Na Frainc – Iers" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Na Frainc" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Iers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francos" title="Francos – Galicisch" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Francos" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%25A4%25D7%25A8%25D7%25A0%25D7%25A7%25D7%2599%25D7%259D" title="פרנקים – Hebreeuws" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פרנקים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeuws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25AB%25E0%25A4%25BC%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A5%2588%25E0%25A4%2582%25E0%25A4%2595_%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A5%258B%25E0%25A4%2597" title="फ़्रैंक लोग – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="फ़्रैंक लोग" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franci" title="Franci – Kroatisch" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Franci" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankok" title="Frankok – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Frankok" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D5%2596%25D6%2580%25D5%25A1%25D5%25B6%25D5%25AF%25D5%25B6%25D5%25A5%25D6%2580" title="Ֆրանկներ – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ֆրանկներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francos" title="Francos – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Francos" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orang_Franka" title="Orang Franka – Indonesisch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Orang Franka" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franki" title="Franki – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Franki" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankar" title="Frankar – IJslands" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Frankar" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="IJslands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franchi" title="Franchi – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Franchi" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E3%2583%2595%25E3%2583%25A9%25E3%2583%25B3%25E3%2582%25AF%25E4%25BA%25BA" title="フランク人 – Japans" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="フランク人" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2583%25A4%25E1%2583%25A0%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%259C%25E1%2583%2599%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%2591%25E1%2583%2598" title="ფრანკები – Georgisch" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ფრანკები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A4%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25BA%25D1%2582%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580" title="Франктер – Kazachs" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Франктер" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazachs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25ED%2594%2584%25EB%259E%2591%25ED%2581%25AC%25EC%259D%25B8" title="프랑크인 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="프랑크인" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank" title="Frank – Koerdisch" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Frank" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Koerdisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franci" title="Franci – Latijn" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Franci" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latijn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franco" title="Franco – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Franco" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraanke" title="Fraanke – Limburgs" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Fraanke" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franch_(p%25C3%25B2pol)" title="Franch (pòpol) – Lombardisch" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Franch (pòpol)" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombardisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankai" title="Frankai – Litouws" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Frankai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litouws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franki" title="Franki – Lets" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Franki" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Lets" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franka_(vahoaka)" title="Franka (vahoaka) – Malagassisch" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Franka (vahoaka)" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagassisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A4%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B8" title="Франки – Macedonisch" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Франки" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A4%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25BA" title="Франк – Mongools" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Франк" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orang_Frank" title="Orang Frank – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Orang Frank" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franken" title="Franken – Nederduits" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Franken" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Nederduits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankarar" title="Frankarar – Noors - Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Frankarar" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Noors - Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankere" title="Frankere – Noors - Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Frankere" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Noors - Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francs" title="Francs – Occitaans" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Francs" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francs" title="Francs – Picardisch" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Francs" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picardisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankowie" title="Frankowie – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Frankowie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francos" title="Francos – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Francos" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franci" title="Franci – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Franci" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A4%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B8" title="Франки – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Франки" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francos" title="Francos – Sardijns" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Francos" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardijns" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franchi" title="Franchi – Siciliaans" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Franchi" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Siciliaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franci" title="Franci – Servo-Kroatisch" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Franci" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Servo-Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franks" title="Franks – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Franks" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankovia" title="Frankovia – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Frankovia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franki" title="Franki – Sloveens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Franki" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloveens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A4%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%2586%25D0%25B8" title="Франци – Servisch" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Франци" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Servisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franker" title="Franker – Zweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Franker" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Zweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wafaranki" title="Wafaranki – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Wafaranki" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B8%258A%25E0%25B8%25B2%25E0%25B8%25A7%25E0%25B9%2581%25E0%25B8%259F%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B8%2587%25E0%25B8%2581%25E0%25B9%258C" title="ชาวแฟรงก์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ชาวแฟรงก์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mga_Franco" title="Mga Franco – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Mga Franco" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankon" title="Frankon – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Frankon" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franklar" title="Franklar – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Franklar" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2581%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25D9%2583%25D9%2584%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1" title="فرانكلار – Oeigoers" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="فرانكلار" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Oeigoers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A4%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B8" title="Франки – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Франки" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2581%25D8%25B1%25D9%2586%25DA%25AF%25DB%258C" title="فرنگی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="فرنگی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franklar" title="Franklar – Oezbeeks" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Franklar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Oezbeeks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Categoria:Franchi" title="Categoria:Franchi – Venetiaans" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Categoria:Franchi" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%25C6%25B0%25E1%25BB%259Di_Frank" title="Người Frank – Vietnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Người Frank" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankn" title="Frankn – West-Vlaams" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Frankn" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West-Vlaams" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_(katawhan)" title="Frank (katawhan) – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Frank (katawhan)" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E6%25B3%2595%25E5%2585%25B0%25E5%2585%258B%25E4%25BA%25BA" title="法兰克人 – Wuyu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="法兰克人" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2583%25A4%25E1%2583%25A0%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%259C%25E1%2583%2599%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%25A4%25E1%2583%2598" title="ფრანკეფი – Mingreels" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ფრანკეფი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingreels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E6%25B3%2595%25E8%2598%25AD%25E5%2585%258B%25E4%25BA%25BA" title="法蘭克人 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="法蘭克人" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_l%25C3%25A2ng" title="Frank lâng – Minnanyu" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Frank lâng" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnanyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E6%25B3%2595%25E8%2598%25AD%25E5%2585%258B%25E4%25BA%25BA" title="法蘭克人 – Kantonees" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="法蘭克人" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"> <img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> </div> <ul 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