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Midraš – Wikipedija

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class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Sadržaj</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">premjesti</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Početak</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Značenje" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Značenje"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Značenje</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Značenje-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zbirke_midraša" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zbirke_midraša"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Zbirke midraša</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zbirke_midraša-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literatura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literatura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Literatura</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literatura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sadržaj" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Prikaz sadržaja stranice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Prikaz sadržaja stranice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Midraš</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Idi na druge jezične varijante članka. Dostupan je na 48 jezika" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-48" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">48 jezika</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midrasch" title="Midrasch – švicarski njemački" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Midrasch" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="švicarski njemački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B4" title="مدراش – arapski" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مدراش" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arapski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B4" title="مدراش – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="مدراش" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midra%C5%9F" title="Midraş – azerbajdžanski" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Midraş" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbajdžanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%88" title="Мидраш – bugarski" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Мидраш" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bugarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B6" title="মিদ্রাশ – bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মিদ্রাশ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midrash" title="Midrash – bretonski" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Midrash" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midraix" title="Midraix – katalonski" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Midraix" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midra%C5%A1" title="Midraš – češki" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Midraš" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="češki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midrasch" title="Midrasch – njemački" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Midrasch" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="njemački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B9%CE%B4%CF%81%CE%AC%CF%82" title="Μιδράς – grčki" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μιδράς" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grčki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midrash" title="Midrash – engleski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Midrash" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midra%C5%9Do" title="Midraŝo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Midraŝo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midrash" title="Midrash – španjolski" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Midrash" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="španjolski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midrash" title="Midrash – baskijski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Midrash" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B4" title="میدراش – perzijski" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="میدراش" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perzijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midra%C5%A1" title="Midraš – finski" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Midraš" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midrash" title="Midrash – francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Midrash" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midrash" title="Midrash – zapadnofrizijski" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Midrash" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="zapadnofrizijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midrash" title="Midrash – irski" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Midrash" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%A9" title="מדרש – hebrejski" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מדרש" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B6" title="मिद्रश – hindski" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मिद्रश" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midr%C3%A1s" title="Midrás – mađarski" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Midrás" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="mađarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midras" title="Midras – indonezijski" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Midras" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midrash" title="Midrash – talijanski" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Midrash" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="talijanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9F%E3%83%89%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A5" title="ミドラーシュ – japanski" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ミドラーシュ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AF%B8%EB%93%9C%EB%9D%BC%EC%8B%9C" title="미드라시 – korejski" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="미드라시" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midrasa" title="Midrasa – malgaški" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Midrasa" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgaški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midrash" title="Midrash – malajski" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Midrash" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midrasj" title="Midrasj – nizozemski" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Midrasj" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nizozemski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midrasj" title="Midrasj – norveški nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Midrasj" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norveški nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midrasj" title="Midrasj – norveški bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Midrasj" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norveški bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="dobri članak"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midrasz" title="Midrasz – poljski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Midrasz" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poljski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midrash" title="Midrash – portugalski" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Midrash" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midra%C8%99" title="Midraș – rumunjski" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Midraș" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumunjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%88" title="Мидраш – ruski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Мидраш" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midra%C5%A1" title="Midraš – srpsko-hrvatski" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Midraš" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="srpsko-hrvatski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midrash" title="Midrash – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Midrash" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midra%C5%A1" title="Midraš – slovački" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Midraš" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midra%C5%A1" title="Midraš – slovenski" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Midraš" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%88" title="Мидраш – srpski" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Мидраш" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="srpski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midrash" title="Midrash – švedski" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Midrash" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="švedski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midrash" title="Midrash – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Midrash" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midra%C5%9F" title="Midraş – turski" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Midraş" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%96%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%88" title="Мідраш – ukrajinski" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Мідраш" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrajinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B4" title="مدراش – urdski" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="مدراش" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B1%B3%E5%BE%B7%E6%8B%89%E4%BB%80" title="米德拉什 – kineski" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="米德拉什" data-language-autonym="中文" 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</div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="hr" dir="ltr"><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:V12p022a01_Talmud.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/V12p022a01_Talmud.jpg/300px-V12p022a01_Talmud.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="485" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/V12p022a01_Talmud.jpg/450px-V12p022a01_Talmud.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/V12p022a01_Talmud.jpg/600px-V12p022a01_Talmud.jpg 2x" data-file-width="781" data-file-height="1262" /></a><figcaption>Stranica <i>Babilonskog Talmuda</i></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Midraš</b> je tumačenje (<a href="/wiki/Egzegeza" title="Egzegeza">egzegeza</a>) religioznih tekstova u <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rabinsko_%C5%BEidovstvo&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Rabinsko židovstvo (stranica ne postoji)">rabinskom židovstvu</a>. Riječ je <a href="/wiki/Hebrejski" class="mw-redirect" title="Hebrejski">hebrejska</a> i izvedena je iz osnove <i>drš</i> (<a href="/wiki/Hebrejski_jezik" title="Hebrejski jezik">heb.</a> <b>דרש</b>), koja znači "tražiti" ili "istraživanje". Midraš (množina: <i>midrašim</i>) ima dva značenja: proces istraživanja i rezultat tog procesa. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Značenje"><span id="Zna.C4.8Denje"></span>Značenje</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Midra%C5%A1&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Uredi odlomak: Značenje" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Midra%C5%A1&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Značenje"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>U osnovnom značenju, <i>midraš</i> je metoda tumačenja pojedinih odlomaka <a href="/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud">Talmuda</a> usporedbom s drugim tekstovima, što su je razvili židovski <a href="/wiki/Rabin" title="Rabin">rabini</a> u 1. i 2. st. Začetnici te metode bili su <a href="/wiki/Farizeji" title="Farizeji">farizeji</a>, koji su nastojali tumačenjem shvatiti duh i smisao teksta i približiti ih neukim ljudima, ili pak prilagoditi promijenjenim okolnostima. Rabin je u <a href="/wiki/Sinagoga" title="Sinagoga">sinagogi</a> nakon čitanja propisanog tjednog odlomka iz <a href="/wiki/Tora" title="Tora">Tore</a> objašnjavao njegovo značenje, koristeći tekst, ali i vlastite zamisli za koje traži potkrijepu u tekstu. »Zato je midraš dvosmjeran istraživački pothvat: nadahnuće, a istodobno i opravdanje«&#160;<i>(Goldstein, str. 9)</i>. Metodu su u potpunosti razvili rabini u vjerskoj školi (<i>Bet Midraš</i>) u <a href="/wiki/Jabna" title="Jabna">Jabni</a> od <a href="/w/index.php?title=80.&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="80. (stranica ne postoji)">80.</a> godine. </p><p>Dublje značenje teksta izlaže se najčešće kroz pripovijetku. Usmena objašnjenja s vremenom se zapisuju. Zapisana tumačenja, pouke, legende i priče nazivaju se također <i>midraš</i>. Tako je početkom 3. st. nastao zbornik <a href="/wiki/Mi%C5%A1na" class="mw-redirect" title="Mišna">Mišna</a>, a kasnijim proširivanjem <a href="/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud">Talmud</a>. Nakon kompletiranja teksta oba Talmuda u 5. – 6. st, nastaju i druge zbirke nazivane <i>midrašim</i>. Zbog potrebe stalno novih tumačenja i prilagodbi promijenjenim okolnostima, <a href="/wiki/Biblija" title="Biblija">Biblija</a> je »vremenom postala malenom osnovom neizmjerne količine različitih djela <a href="/wiki/Egzegeza" title="Egzegeza">egzegeze</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hermeneutika" title="Hermeneutika">hermeneutike</a> i <a href="/wiki/Homiletika" title="Homiletika">homiletike</a>«&#160;<i>(Werber, str. 84)</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zbirke_midraša"><span id="Zbirke_midra.C5.A1a"></span>Zbirke midraša</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Midra%C5%A1&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Uredi odlomak: Zbirke midraša" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Midra%C5%A1&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Zbirke midraša"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Glavni zbornik midraške književnosti je <i>Midraš Raba</i> ili Veliki Midraš. U njemu se tumači Nauk (<i>Tora</i>, tj. <i><a href="/wiki/Petoknji%C5%BEje" class="mw-redirect" title="Petoknjižje">Petoknjižje</a></i>) i pet svitaka (<i>megilot</i>), koji obuhvaćaju <i><a href="/wiki/Pjesma_nad_pjesmama" title="Pjesma nad pjesmama">Pjesmu nad pjesmama</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Knjiga_o_Ruti" class="mw-redirect" title="Knjiga o Ruti">Knjigu o Ruti</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Tu%C5%BEaljke_(knjiga)" title="Tužaljke (knjiga)">Tužaljke</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Propovjednik_(knjiga)" title="Propovjednik (knjiga)">Propovjednika</a></i> i <i><a href="/wiki/Estera_(knjiga)" title="Estera (knjiga)">Esteru</a></i>. Najstariji dio tog zbornika, tumačenje <i><a href="/wiki/Knjiga_Postanka" title="Knjiga Postanka">Knjige Postanka</a></i>, nastao je u 5. st. Neprestano je dopunjavan, a svoj je sadašnji oblik zadobila oko <a href="/wiki/1100." title="1100.">1100.</a> godine. </p><p><i>Pirke de rabi Eliezer</i>, midraško djelo o <i><a href="/wiki/Knjiga_Postanka" title="Knjiga Postanka">Knjizi Postanka</a></i> i o dijelovima <i><a href="/wiki/Knjiga_Izlaska" title="Knjiga Izlaska">Knjige Izlaska</a></i> i <i><a href="/wiki/Knjiga_Brojeva" title="Knjiga Brojeva">Knjige Brojeva</a></i>, pripisuje se rabi Eliezeru ben HIrkanosu iz 1. st. Ipak je, po svoj prilici, napisano u <a href="/wiki/Palestina" class="mw-disambig" title="Palestina">Palestini</a>, u osmom stoljeću (Goldstein, str. 18). </p><p>»Talmud i Midrašim su višeglasni kor od stotinu rabina iz najrazličitijih vremena i prostora i zbog toga su <i>otvoreni proces diskusija</i> o svim pitanjima vjere i života«&#160;(Kuschel, str. 82). »Sve do današnjeg dana, rabini su veoma radosni ako u Tori uspiju pronaći <i>hiduš</i> (nešto novo), nešto što nitko prije nije zapazio«&#160;(Goldstein, str. 9-10). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literatura">Literatura</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Midra%C5%A1&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3" title="Uredi odlomak: Literatura" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Midra%C5%A1&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Literatura"><span>uredi kôd</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Goldstein&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="David Goldstein (stranica ne postoji)">Goldstein, David</a>: <i>Židovska mitologija</i>, Opatija: Otokar Keršovani, 1988. (<i>Jewish Mithology</i>, London: The Hamlyn Publishing Group, 1980.).</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl-Josef_Kuschel&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Karl-Josef Kuschel (stranica ne postoji)">Kuschel, Karl-Josef</a>&#160;: <i>Spor oko Abrahama. Što Židove, kršćane i muslimane dijeli - a što ih ujedinjuje</i>, Sarajevo: Svjetlo riječi, 2000. (<i>Streit um Abraham. Was die Juden, Christen und Muslime trennt - und was sie eint</i>, München-Zürich: R. Piper, GmbH, 1994.).</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harold_S._Kushner&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Harold S. Kushner (stranica ne postoji)">Kushner, Harold S.</a>: <i>Živjeti! Kako žive i misle Židovi</i>, Zagreb: Nakladni zavod Globus, 1997. (<i>To life! A Celebration of Jewish Being and Thinking</i>, © Warner Books, 1994).</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eugen_Werber&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Eugen Werber (stranica ne postoji)">Werber, Eugen</a>: <i>Stara hebrejska književnost</i>, u: Petrović, Svetozar (ur.): <i>Povijest svjetske književnosti</i>, knjiga I, Zagreb: Mladost, 1982, str. 53-88.</li></ul> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐int.codfw.main‐849f99967d‐9999b Cached time: 20241122192033 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.015 seconds Real time usage: 0.029 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 38/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 0/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 0/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 2/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 0/5000000 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 0.000 1 -total --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key hrwiki:pcache:idhash:30061-0!canonical and timestamp 20241122192033 and revision id 6223033. 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