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<span>Course and system</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Course_and_system-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Course and system subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Course_and_system-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Tributaries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tributaries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Tributaries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tributaries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dams,_reservoirs_and_falls" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dams,_reservoirs_and_falls"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Dams, reservoirs and falls</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dams,_reservoirs_and_falls-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Settlements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Settlements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Settlements</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Settlements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Navigation_and_uses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Navigation_and_uses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Navigation and uses</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Navigation_and_uses-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Navigation and uses subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Navigation_and_uses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Water_supply" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Water_supply"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Water supply</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Water_supply-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Electricity_generation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Electricity_generation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Electricity generation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Electricity_generation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Traffic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Traffic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Traffic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Traffic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Recreational_use" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Recreational_use"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Recreational use</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Recreational_use-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Crossings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Crossings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Crossings</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Crossings-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Crossings subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Crossings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Present_day" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Present_day"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Present day</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Present_day-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Quays" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Quays"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Quays</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Quays-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Annalistic_references" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Annalistic_references"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Annalistic references</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Annalistic_references-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Popular_culture_references" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Popular_culture_references"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Popular culture references</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Popular_culture_references-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">River Liffey</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 52 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-52" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">52 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%87%D8%B1_%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A" title="نهر ليفي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نهر ليفي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96%D1%84%D1%96" title="Ліфі – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ліфі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Life" title="Life – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Life" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liffey" title="Liffey – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Liffey" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%84%D0%B8" title="Лиффи – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Лиффи" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/River_Liffey" title="River Liffey – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="River Liffey" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liffey" title="Liffey – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Liffey" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afon_Life" title="Afon Life – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Afon Life" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liffey" title="Liffey – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Liffey" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liffey" title="Liffey – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Liffey" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liffey" title="Liffey – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Liffey" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%ADo_Liffey" title="Río Liffey – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Río Liffey" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%ADu_Liffey" title="Ríu Liffey – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Ríu Liffey" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liffey_ibaia" title="Liffey ibaia – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Liffey ibaia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AF_%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%81%DB%8C" title="رود لیفی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="رود لیفی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liffey" title="Liffey – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Liffey" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liffey" title="Liffey – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Liffey" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Life" title="An Life – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Life" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Life" title="An Life – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="An Life" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%ADo_Liffey" title="Río Liffey – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Río Liffey" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A6%AC%ED%94%BC%EA%B0%95" title="리피강 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="리피강" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BC%D5%AB%D6%86%D6%86%D5%AB" title="Լիֆֆի – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Լիֆֆի" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sungai_Liffey" title="Sungai Liffey – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Sungai Liffey" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liffey" title="Liffey – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Liffey" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%99" title="ליפי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ליפי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98" title="ლიფი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ლიფი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avenlifnius" title="Avenlifnius – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Avenlifnius" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lifija" title="Lifija – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Lifija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lifis" title="Lifis – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Lifis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Life" title="An Life – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="An Life" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liffey_(foly%C3%B3)" title="Liffey (folyó) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Liffey (folyó)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80" title="लिफ्फी नदी – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="लिफ्फी नदी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98" title="ლიფი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ლიფი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liffey" title="Liffey – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Liffey" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liffey" title="Liffey – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Liffey" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AA%E3%83%95%E3%82%A3%E3%83%BC%E5%B7%9D" title="リフィー川 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="リフィー川" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liffey" title="Liffey – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Liffey" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liffey" title="Liffey – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Liffey" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%92_%D9%84%D9%81%DB%8C" title="دریائے لفی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="دریائے لفی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liffey" title="Liffey – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Liffey" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio_Liffey" title="Rio Liffey – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Rio Liffey" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%84%D0%B8" title="Лиффи – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Лиффи" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%92_%D9%84%D9%81%DB%8C" title="دریائے لفی – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="دریائے لفی" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/River_Liffey" title="River Liffey – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="River Liffey" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liffey" title="Liffey – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Liffey" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liffey_(reka)" title="Liffey (reka) – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Liffey (reka)" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liffey" title="Liffey – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Liffey" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liffey" title="Liffey – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Liffey" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liffey_Nehri" title="Liffey Nehri – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Liffey Nehri" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96%D1%84%D1%84%D1%96" title="Ліффі – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ліффі" data-language-autonym="Українська" 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.geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=River_Liffey&params=53.343316_N_6.181303_W_source:Doncram_type:river"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">53°20′36″N</span> <span class="longitude">6°10′53″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">53.343316°N 6.181303°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">53.343316; -6.181303</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">River in Dublin in Ireland</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Liffey_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Liffey (disambiguation)">Liffey</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color: #CEDEFF;color: #202122;">River Liffey</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:River-liffey.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/River-liffey.jpg/250px-River-liffey.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/River-liffey.jpg/375px-River-liffey.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/River-liffey.jpg/500px-River-liffey.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2001" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Liffey_Boardwalk" title="Liffey Boardwalk">Boardwalks on the Liffey</a> from <a href="/wiki/O%27Connell_Bridge" title="O'Connell Bridge">O'Connell Bridge</a>, in Dublin</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Liffey.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Liffey.png/220px-Liffey.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Liffey.png/330px-Liffey.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Liffey.png/440px-Liffey.png 2x" data-file-width="658" data-file-height="432" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #CEDEFF;color: #202122;">Location</th></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data">Ireland</td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Counties</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/County_Wicklow" title="County Wicklow">Wicklow</a>, <a href="/wiki/County_Kildare" title="County Kildare">Kildare</a>, <a href="/wiki/County_Dublin" title="County Dublin">Dublin</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #CEDEFF;color: #202122;">Physical characteristics</th></tr><tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Source</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kippure" title="Kippure">Kippure</a></td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span style="font-weight:normal"> • location</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Sally Gap, County Wicklow</td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span style="font-weight:normal"> • coordinates</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=River_Liffey&params=53.156_N_6.288_W_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">53°09′22″N</span> <span class="longitude">6°17′17″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">53.156°N 6.288°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">53.156; -6.288</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span style="font-weight:normal"> • elevation</span></th><td class="infobox-data">500 m (1,600 ft)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/River_mouth" title="River mouth">Mouth</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Dublin_Bay" title="Dublin Bay">Dublin Bay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Irish_Sea" title="Irish Sea">Irish Sea</a></td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display:inline;font-weight:normal"> • location</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a></td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display:inline;font-weight:normal"> • coordinates</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=River_Liffey&params=53.343316_N_6.181303_W_source:Doncram_type:river"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">53°20′36″N</span> <span class="longitude">6°10′53″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">53.343316°N 6.181303°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">53.343316; -6.181303</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display:inline;font-weight:normal"> • elevation</div></th><td class="infobox-data">0 m (0 ft)</td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Length</th><td class="infobox-data">132 km (82 mi)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Basin size</th><td class="infobox-data">1,256 km<sup>2</sup> (485 sq mi)</td></tr><tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Discharge</th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span style="font-weight:normal"> • average</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Annual: 13.8 m<sup>3</sup>/s (490 cu ft/s)<br />Aug: 3.7 m<sup>3</sup>/s (130 cu ft/s)<br />Dec: 29.8 m<sup>3</sup>/s (1,050 cu ft/s)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #CEDEFF;color: #202122;">Basin features</th></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Tributaries</th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span style="font-weight:normal"> • left</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Ballylow Brook, King's River, Lemonstown Stream, Kilcullen Stream, Pinkeen Stream, <a href="/wiki/River_Rye_(Ireland)" title="River Rye (Ireland)">Rye Water</a>, Silleachain Stream, Furry Glen Stream, Magazine Stream, Finisk Stream, <a href="/wiki/Bradogue_River" title="Bradogue River">Bradogue River</a></td></tr><tr style="padding: 0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;line-height: 1.2em;"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span style="font-weight:normal"> • right</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Sraghoe, Cransillagh, Athdown Brook, Shankill River, Brittas River, <a href="/wiki/Morell_River" title="Morell River">Morell River</a>, Griffeen River, Glenaulin Stream, <a href="/wiki/Irish_National_War_Memorial_Gardens#Creosote_stream" title="Irish National War Memorial Gardens">Creosote Stream</a>, <a href="/wiki/River_Camac" title="River Camac">Camac River</a>, <a href="/wiki/River_Poddle" title="River Poddle">River Poddle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Steine_of_Dublin" title="Steine of Dublin">Stein River</a>, <a href="/wiki/River_Dodder" title="River Dodder">River Dodder</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>River Liffey</b> (<a href="/wiki/Irish_language" title="Irish language">Irish</a>: <i>An Life</i>, historically <i>An Ruirthe(a)ch</i>) is a river in eastern Ireland that ultimately flows through the centre of <a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a> to its mouth within <a href="/wiki/Dublin_Bay" title="Dublin Bay">Dublin Bay</a>. Its major <a href="/wiki/Tributary" title="Tributary">tributaries</a> include the <a href="/wiki/River_Dodder" title="River Dodder">River Dodder</a>, the <a href="/wiki/River_Poddle" title="River Poddle">River Poddle</a> and the <a href="/wiki/River_Camac" title="River Camac">River Camac</a>. The river supplies much of Dublin's water and supports a range of recreational activities.<sup id="cite_ref-River_Liffey_Information_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-River_Liffey_Information-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Name">Name</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=River_Liffey&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Name"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy" title="Ptolemy">Ptolemy</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Geography_(Ptolemy)" title="Geography (Ptolemy)">Geography</a></i> (2nd century AD) described a river, perhaps the Liffey, which he labelled Οβοκα (<i>Oboka</i>). Ultimately this led to the name of the <a href="/wiki/River_Avoca" title="River Avoca">River Avoca</a> in <a href="/wiki/County_Wicklow" title="County Wicklow">County Wicklow</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to "Place Names from our Older Literature - IV." by Boswell, C. S. (1904 Connradh na Gaedhilge) the river takes its name from Magh Life, i.e. the plain of Kildare through which the Life flows. This in turn takes its name from Life, daughter of Canann Curthach, who eloped with and married Deltbanna mac Druchta, cup-bearer to <a href="/wiki/Conaire_M%C3%B3r" title="Conaire Mór">Conaire Mór</a> High King of Ireland. Life took a liking to this plain, and demanded that it should bear her name, and Deltbanna refused to serve any more drink to the men of Éire till the request was granted.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The Liffey was previously named <i>An Ruirthech</i>, meaning "fast (or strong) runner".<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The word <i>Liphe</i> (or <i>Life</i>) referred originally to the name of the plain through which the river ran, but eventually came to refer to the river itself.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The word may derive from the same root as <a href="/wiki/Welsh_language" title="Welsh language">Welsh</a> <i>llif</i> (flood, flow, stream), namely <a href="/wiki/Proto-Indo-European" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-Indo-European">Proto-Indo-European</a> <i>lē̆i-4</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> referring to the historic propensity of areas such as Phoenix Park and Waterstown Park to be inundated,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> but <a href="/wiki/Gear%C3%B3id_Mac_Eoin" title="Gearóid Mac Eoin">Gearóid Mac Eoin</a> has more recently proposed that it may derive from a non-Indo-European word <a href="/wiki/Paleo-European_languages" title="Paleo-European languages">borrowed from the original language spoken in Ireland</a> before the arrival of the Celts.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was also known as the <i>Anna Liffey</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> possibly from an <a href="/wiki/Anglicisation" title="Anglicisation">anglicisation</a> of <i>Abhainn na Life,</i> the Irish phrase that translates into English as "River Liffey".<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/James_Joyce" title="James Joyce">James Joyce</a> embodies the river in <i><a href="/wiki/Finnegans_Wake" title="Finnegans Wake">Finnegans Wake</a></i> as "Anna Livia Plurabelle". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Course_and_system">Course and system</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=River_Liffey&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Course and system"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Newbridge_College.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Newbridge_College.jpg/220px-Newbridge_College.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Newbridge_College.jpg/330px-Newbridge_College.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Newbridge_College.jpg/440px-Newbridge_College.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3718" data-file-height="2442" /></a><figcaption>The River Liffey flowing through <a href="/wiki/Newbridge_College" title="Newbridge College">Newbridge College</a> in County Kildare</figcaption></figure> <p>The Liffey rises in the <a href="/wiki/Liffey_Head_Bog" class="mw-redirect" title="Liffey Head Bog">Liffey Head Bog</a> between the mountains of <a href="/wiki/Kippure" title="Kippure">Kippure</a> 742 metres (2,434 ft) and <a href="/wiki/Tonduff" title="Tonduff">Tonduff</a> 642 metres (2,106 ft) in the northern section of the <a href="/wiki/Wicklow_Mountains" title="Wicklow Mountains">Wicklow Mountains</a>, forming from many streamlets near the Sally Gap. It flows for 132 km (82 mi)<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> through counties <a href="/wiki/County_Wicklow" title="County Wicklow">Wicklow</a>, <a href="/wiki/County_Kildare" title="County Kildare">Kildare</a> and <a href="/wiki/County_Dublin" title="County Dublin">Dublin</a> before entering the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Sea" title="Irish Sea">Irish Sea</a> at its mouth at the midpoint of <a href="/wiki/Dublin_Bay" title="Dublin Bay">Dublin Bay</a>, on a line extending from the <a href="/wiki/Baily_lighthouse" class="mw-redirect" title="Baily lighthouse">Baily lighthouse</a> to the Muglin Rocks.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> It crosses from County Wicklow into County Kildare at <a href="/wiki/Poulaphouca" title="Poulaphouca">Poulaphouca</a> and from County Kildare into County Dublin at <a href="/wiki/Leixlip" title="Leixlip">Leixlip</a>, with the greatest part of its length being in Kildare. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Drainage_basin" title="Drainage basin">catchment area</a> of the Liffey is 1,256 km<sup>2</sup> (485 sq mi).<sup id="cite_ref-serbd.com_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-serbd.com-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The long term average flow rate of the river is 18.0 <a href="/wiki/Cubic_metre_per_second" title="Cubic metre per second">m<sup>3</sup>/s</a> (640 cu ft/s).<sup id="cite_ref-serbd.com_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-serbd.com-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tributaries">Tributaries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=River_Liffey&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Tributaries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Liffey system includes dozens of smaller rivers and more than 100 named streams. Early tributaries include the Athdown Brook, Shankill River, Ballylow Brook, Brittas River and Woodend Brook. The substantial King's River, which formerly joined the Liffey near Blessington, and may in fact have held the larger flow, now merges in within Poulaphouca Reservoir.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Downstream of Poulaphouca are the Lemonstown Stream, Kilcullen Stream and Pinkeen Stream, followed by the <a href="/wiki/Painestown_River" title="Painestown River">Painestown River</a> (with tributaries including the <a href="/wiki/Morell_River" title="Morell River">Morell River</a>), the Rye Water (with tributaries including the Lyreen) at <a href="/wiki/Leixlip" title="Leixlip">Leixlip</a>, and the Griffeen River and Silleachain Stream in <a href="/wiki/Lucan" title="Lucan">Lucan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Within Dublin are the various <a href="/wiki/Phoenix_Park" title="Phoenix Park">Phoenix Park</a> streams on the left bank, interspersed with right bank tributaries such as the Glenaulin Stream and <a href="/wiki/Irish_National_War_Memorial_Gardens#Creosote_stream" title="Irish National War Memorial Gardens">Creosote Stream</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Within the quays area tributaries include the <a href="/wiki/River_Camac" title="River Camac">River Camac</a>, possibly Colman's Brook, the <a href="/wiki/Bradogue_River" title="Bradogue River">Bradogue River</a>, <a href="/wiki/River_Poddle" title="River Poddle">River Poddle</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stein_River_(Dublin)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stein River (Dublin) (page does not exist)">Stein River</a> and the <a href="/wiki/River_Dodder" title="River Dodder">River Dodder</a>, some of which have numerous tributaries of their own.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In earlier times, the <a href="/wiki/River_Tolka" title="River Tolka">River Tolka</a> was also arguably a tributary of the Liffey or at least shared its mouth, but it now enters <a href="/wiki/Dublin_Bay" title="Dublin Bay">Dublin Bay</a> distinctly, some distance to the north.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dams,_reservoirs_and_falls"><span id="Dams.2C_reservoirs_and_falls"></span>Dams, reservoirs and falls</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=River_Liffey&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Dams, reservoirs and falls"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are <a href="/wiki/Dam" title="Dam">dams</a> for three <a href="/wiki/Electricity_Supply_Board" class="mw-redirect" title="Electricity Supply Board">ESB</a> <a href="/wiki/Hydroelectricity" title="Hydroelectricity">hydroelectric</a> power stations along the river, at <a href="/wiki/Poulaphouca" title="Poulaphouca">Poulaphouca</a>, <a href="/wiki/Golden_Falls_hydroelectric_power_station" title="Golden Falls hydroelectric power station">Golden Falls</a> and <a href="/wiki/Leixlip" title="Leixlip">Leixlip</a>. Major reservoir facilities also exist at Poulaphouca. The Liffey does not feature natural lakes and has few islands. </p><p>Significant falls at Poulaphouca and at Golden Falls were flooded by <a href="/wiki/Reservoir" title="Reservoir">reservoir</a> construction. There remain areas of <a href="/wiki/Rapids" title="Rapids">rapids</a>, including as the river approaches Dublin city. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Settlements">Settlements</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=River_Liffey&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Settlements"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dublin_1714_(Moll).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Dublin_1714_%28Moll%29.jpg/220px-Dublin_1714_%28Moll%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Dublin_1714_%28Moll%29.jpg/330px-Dublin_1714_%28Moll%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Dublin_1714_%28Moll%29.jpg/440px-Dublin_1714_%28Moll%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1538" data-file-height="1143" /></a><figcaption>The Liffey separating Dublin from <a href="/wiki/Oxmantown" title="Oxmantown">Oxmantown</a> on a 1714 map by <a href="/wiki/Herman_Moll" title="Herman Moll">Herman Moll</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Towns along the river include <a href="/wiki/Blessington" title="Blessington">Blessington</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ballymore_Eustace" title="Ballymore Eustace">Ballymore Eustace</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kilcullen" title="Kilcullen">Kilcullen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Athgarvan" title="Athgarvan">Athgarvan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Newbridge,_County_Kildare" title="Newbridge, County Kildare">Newbridge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Caragh" title="Caragh">Caragh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clane" title="Clane">Clane</a>, <a href="/wiki/Celbridge" title="Celbridge">Celbridge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leixlip" title="Leixlip">Leixlip</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lucan,_County_Dublin" class="mw-redirect" title="Lucan, County Dublin">Lucan</a> before the river passes the suburb of <a href="/wiki/Chapelizod" title="Chapelizod">Chapelizod</a> and then runs through the city of <a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a> all the way to its mouth. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Liffeyeast.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Liffeyeast.jpg/220px-Liffeyeast.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Liffeyeast.jpg/330px-Liffeyeast.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6a/Liffeyeast.jpg 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="230" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Ha%27penny_Bridge" title="Ha'penny Bridge">Ha'penny Bridge</a>.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Navigation_and_uses">Navigation and uses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=River_Liffey&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Navigation and uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Dublin" title="History of Dublin">History of Dublin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dublin_Port" title="Dublin Port">Dublin Port</a></div> <p>The River Liffey in Dublin city has been used for many centuries for trade, from the <a href="/wiki/Viking" class="mw-redirect" title="Viking">Viking</a> beginnings of the city up to recent times. It is connected to the <a href="/wiki/River_Shannon" title="River Shannon">River Shannon</a> via the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Canal_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Canal of Ireland">Grand Canal</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Canal" title="Royal Canal">Royal Canal</a>. There is no major navigation on the river itself above the <a href="/wiki/East-Link_(Dublin)" title="East-Link (Dublin)">East-Link bridge</a> in modern times, but shipping used to enter Dublin city centre, with major docking points up to the St James' Gate area. </p><p>Since its construction in 1978, the <a href="/wiki/Talbot_Memorial_Bridge" title="Talbot Memorial Bridge">Talbot Memorial Bridge</a> marks the furthest point up to the Liffey to which tall ships may travel, as all bridges downriver of it are either <a href="/wiki/Swingbridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Swingbridge">swingbridges</a> or <a href="/wiki/Bascule_bridge" title="Bascule bridge">bascule</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Water_supply">Water supply</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=River_Liffey&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Water supply"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Around 60% of the Liffey's flow is abstracted for drinking water and to supply industry. Much of this makes its way back into the river after purification in wastewater treatment plants. Despite a misconception that the Guinness brewery is one such commercial user,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the facility uses water piped from the <a href="/wiki/Wicklow_Mountains" title="Wicklow Mountains">Wicklow Mountains</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-urlThe_Beer_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-urlThe_Beer-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Electricity_generation">Electricity generation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=River_Liffey&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Electricity generation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Electricity_Supply_Board" class="mw-redirect" title="Electricity Supply Board">ESB</a> <a href="/wiki/Hydroelectricity" title="Hydroelectricity">hydroelectric</a> power stations exist along the river, at <a href="/wiki/Poulaphouca" title="Poulaphouca">Poulaphouca</a>, <a href="/wiki/Golden_Falls_hydroelectric_power_station" title="Golden Falls hydroelectric power station">Golden Falls</a> and <a href="/wiki/Leixlip" title="Leixlip">Leixlip</a>, in addition to a number of minor private installations. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Traffic">Traffic</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=River_Liffey&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Traffic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DUBLIN(1837)_p131_SARAH%27S_BRIDGE,_ON_THE_RIVER_ANNA_LIFFEY.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/DUBLIN%281837%29_p131_SARAH%27S_BRIDGE%2C_ON_THE_RIVER_ANNA_LIFFEY.jpg/220px-DUBLIN%281837%29_p131_SARAH%27S_BRIDGE%2C_ON_THE_RIVER_ANNA_LIFFEY.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/DUBLIN%281837%29_p131_SARAH%27S_BRIDGE%2C_ON_THE_RIVER_ANNA_LIFFEY.jpg/330px-DUBLIN%281837%29_p131_SARAH%27S_BRIDGE%2C_ON_THE_RIVER_ANNA_LIFFEY.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/DUBLIN%281837%29_p131_SARAH%27S_BRIDGE%2C_ON_THE_RIVER_ANNA_LIFFEY.jpg/440px-DUBLIN%281837%29_p131_SARAH%27S_BRIDGE%2C_ON_THE_RIVER_ANNA_LIFFEY.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1925" data-file-height="1343" /></a><figcaption>"Sarah's Bridge on the River Anna Liffey" (1831) Sarah's Bridge is today called <a href="/wiki/Island_Bridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Island Bridge">Island Bridge</a>. The then-new <a href="/wiki/Wellington_Monument,_Dublin" title="Wellington Monument, Dublin">Wellington Monument</a> is seen on the left</figcaption></figure> <p>A well-known sight on the Liffey up to the 1990s, the <i>Lady Patricia</i><sup id="cite_ref-guinnessboats_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guinnessboats-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <i>Miranda Guinness</i><sup id="cite_ref-guinnessboats_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guinnessboats-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Cargo_ship" title="Cargo ship">cargo ships</a> were used to export <a href="/wiki/Guinness" title="Guinness">Guinness</a> from the <a href="/wiki/St._James%27s_Gate_Brewery" class="mw-redirect" title="St. James's Gate Brewery">St. James's Gate Brewery</a>. </p><p>As of the early 21st century, the only regular traffic on the river within the city is the <i>Liffey Voyage</i> water tour bus service, which runs guided tours along the River Liffey through Dublin City centre. Departing from the boardwalk downstream of the <a href="/wiki/Ha%27penny_Bridge" title="Ha'penny Bridge">Ha'penny Bridge</a>, the <i>Spirit of the Docklands</i> was built by <i>Westers Mekaniska</i> in <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a> as a 50-passenger <a href="/wiki/Water_taxi" title="Water taxi">water taxi</a>. Its variable <a href="/wiki/Ballast_tanks" class="mw-redirect" title="Ballast tanks">ballast tanks</a> (not unlike a <a href="/wiki/Submarine" title="Submarine">submarine</a>) and low <a href="/wiki/Air_draft_(nautical)" class="mw-redirect" title="Air draft (nautical)">air draught</a> mean that at <a href="/wiki/Low_tide" class="mw-redirect" title="Low tide">low tide</a> it can float high, but at <a href="/wiki/High_tide" class="mw-redirect" title="High tide">high tide</a> it can ride low and still pass below the Liffey's bridges. </p><p>Downstream of the East-Link bridge, the river is still mainly used for commercial and ferry traffic, with some recreational use also. High speed trips out the mouth of the Liffey were also previously available from Sea Safari.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Recreational_use">Recreational use</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=River_Liffey&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Recreational use"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:LiffeySwim.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/LiffeySwim.jpg/220px-LiffeySwim.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/LiffeySwim.jpg/330px-LiffeySwim.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/LiffeySwim.jpg/440px-LiffeySwim.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1365" /></a><figcaption>The 2007 Liffey Swim passes the <a href="/wiki/Liffey_Boardwalk" title="Liffey Boardwalk">Liffey Boardwalk</a> </figcaption></figure> <p>Upstream from the city, at <a href="/wiki/Chapelizod" title="Chapelizod">Chapelizod</a>, the river is used by private, university and <a href="/wiki/Garda_S%C3%ADoch%C3%A1na" title="Garda Síochána">Garda</a> <a href="/wiki/Sport_rowing" class="mw-redirect" title="Sport rowing">rowing</a> clubs. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Liffey_Descent_Canoe_Race" title="Liffey Descent Canoe Race">Liffey Descent Canoe Race</a>, held each year since 1960, covers a 27 km (17 mi) course from <a href="/wiki/Straffan" title="Straffan">Straffan</a> to Islandbridge. The Normal Tidal Limit (NTL) of the river is Islandbridge (weir). <a href="/wiki/The_Liffey_Swim" title="The Liffey Swim">The Liffey Swim</a> takes place every year in late August or early September between Watling Bridge and <a href="/wiki/The_Custom_House" title="The Custom House">The Custom House</a>. The Islandbridge stretch of river accommodates a number of rowing clubs including Trinity College, UCD, <a href="/wiki/Commercial_Rowing_Club_Dublin" title="Commercial Rowing Club Dublin">Commercial</a>, Neptune, and the Garda rowing club. </p><p>The Liffey is widely used for recreational activities – such as canoeing, rafting,<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> fishing, swimming, significant facilities are at <a href="/wiki/Poulaphouca" title="Poulaphouca">Poulaphouca</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kilcullen" title="Kilcullen">Kilcullen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Newbridge,_County_Kildare" title="Newbridge, County Kildare">Newbridge</a>, where a seven-acre Liffey Linear Park has been developed, and other facilities are located further downriver at <a href="/wiki/Leixlip" title="Leixlip">Leixlip</a> and other towns. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Crossings">Crossings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=River_Liffey&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Crossings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="History">History</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=River_Liffey&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The earliest stone bridge over the Liffey in Dublin of which there is solid evidence was the Bridge of Dublin, which replaced a wooden bridge, Dubhghall's Bridge, dating to the 11th century, and was in turn replaced – the site is now occupied by <a href="/wiki/Fr._Mathew_Bridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Fr. Mathew Bridge">Fr. Mathew Bridge</a>). The Bridge of Dublin was built by the Dominicans in <a href="/w/index.php?title=1428_in_Ireland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1428 in Ireland (page does not exist)">1428</a>, and survived well into the 18th century.<sup id="cite_ref-PhillipsHamilton_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PhillipsHamilton-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This four-arch bridge included various buildings such as a chapel, bakehouse and possibly an inn.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Island_Bridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Island Bridge">Island Bridge</a> (a predecessor of the current bridge) was added in 1577 at the upper tidal extremities of the river between Islandbridge and western Chapelizod.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>With the development of commercial Dublin in the 17th century, four new bridges were added in Dublin between 1670 and 1684: Barrack, or Bloody Bridge, (the forerunner of the current <a href="/wiki/Rory_O%27More_Bridge" title="Rory O'More Bridge">Rory O'More Bridge</a>), Essex Bridge (<a href="/wiki/Grattan_Bridge" title="Grattan Bridge">Grattan Bridge</a>), Ormond Bridge (<a href="/wiki/O%27Donovan_Rossa_Bridge" title="O'Donovan Rossa Bridge">O'Donovan Rossa Bridge</a>) and Arran Bridge. Flooding in December 1801 following 36 hours of rain destroyed the oldest bridge which connected <a href="/w/index.php?title=Church_Street,_Dublin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Church Street, Dublin (page does not exist)">Church Street</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bridge_Street,_Dublin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bridge Street, Dublin (page does not exist)">Bridge Street</a>. It was replaced with Whitworth Bridge in 1816.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The oldest bridge still standing is <a href="/wiki/Mellows_Bridge" title="Mellows Bridge">Mellows Bridge</a>, (originally Queens Bridge) constructed in 1764 on the site of Arran Bridge, which was destroyed by floods in 1763. The first iron bridge was the <a href="/wiki/Ha%27penny_Bridge" title="Ha'penny Bridge">Ha'penny Bridge</a> built in 1816. <a href="/wiki/Farmleigh_Bridge" title="Farmleigh Bridge">Farmleigh Bridge</a>, also iron, was built around 1872 at the end of a tunnel and connected <a href="/wiki/Farmleigh" title="Farmleigh">Farmleigh estate</a> to <a href="/wiki/Palmerstown" title="Palmerstown">Palmerstown</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Millennium_Bridge_(Dublin)" title="Millennium Bridge (Dublin)">Millennium Bridge</a> was opened in December 1999, and 21st century additions include <a href="/wiki/Se%C3%A1n_O%27Casey_Bridge" title="Seán O'Casey Bridge">Seán O'Casey Bridge</a> (2005), <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Beckett_Bridge" title="Samuel Beckett Bridge">Samuel Beckett Bridge</a> (2009),<sup id="cite_ref-open_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-open-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-corpo_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-corpo-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Rosie_Hackett_Bridge" title="Rosie Hackett Bridge">Rosie Hackett Bridge</a> (2014).<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are records regarding several bridges in County Kildare. A bridge was built in Kilcullen in 1319.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are also a number of historic private and disused bridges over the Liffey. One such stone bridge, at Harristown Estate in County Kildare, was built for John LaTouche in 1788.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This remains in private use and is near the disused Harristown viaduct (over the Liffey) which was on the Sallins Tullow rail line and was last used in 1959.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Present_day">Present day</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=River_Liffey&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Present day"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ship_Jeanie_Johnston_at_River_Liffey.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Ship_Jeanie_Johnston_at_River_Liffey.jpg/220px-Ship_Jeanie_Johnston_at_River_Liffey.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Ship_Jeanie_Johnston_at_River_Liffey.jpg/330px-Ship_Jeanie_Johnston_at_River_Liffey.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Ship_Jeanie_Johnston_at_River_Liffey.jpg/440px-Ship_Jeanie_Johnston_at_River_Liffey.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2260" data-file-height="1395" /></a><figcaption>Ship <a href="/wiki/Jeanie_Johnston" title="Jeanie Johnston">Jeanie Johnston</a> at River Liffey.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Dublin_bridges_and_tunnels" title="List of Dublin bridges and tunnels">List of Dublin bridges and tunnels</a></div> <p>Dividing the <a href="/wiki/Northside_(Dublin)" class="mw-redirect" title="Northside (Dublin)">Northside</a> of Dublin from the <a href="/wiki/Southside_(Dublin)" class="mw-redirect" title="Southside (Dublin)">Southside</a>, the Liffey is today spanned by numerous bridges, mostly open to vehicular traffic. These include the <a href="/wiki/West-Link" title="West-Link">West-Link Bridge</a> on the <a href="/wiki/M50_motorway_(Ireland)" title="M50 motorway (Ireland)">M50 motorway</a>, <a href="/wiki/Se%C3%A1n_Heuston_Bridge" title="Seán Heuston Bridge">Seán Heuston Bridge</a> and <a href="/wiki/O%27Connell_Bridge" title="O'Connell Bridge">O'Connell Bridge</a>. There are 3 pedestrian bridges in the city: the <a href="/wiki/Millennium_Bridge_(Dublin)" title="Millennium Bridge (Dublin)">Millennium Bridge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Se%C3%A1n_O%27Casey_Bridge" title="Seán O'Casey Bridge">Seán O'Casey Bridge</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Ha%27penny_Bridge" title="Ha'penny Bridge">Ha'penny Bridge</a>. 21st century additions include the <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Beckett_Bridge" title="Samuel Beckett Bridge">Samuel Beckett Bridge</a> (2009) and <a href="/wiki/James_Joyce_Bridge" title="James Joyce Bridge">James Joyce Bridge</a> (2003), both designed by <a href="/wiki/Santiago_Calatrava" title="Santiago Calatrava">Santiago Calatrava</a>. </p><p>Crossings further upriver include the Liffey Bridge at <a href="/wiki/Celbridge" title="Celbridge">Celbridge</a>, "The Bridge at 16" (a 19th-century pedestrian suspension bridge at what is now the <a href="/wiki/K_Club" title="K Club">K Club</a>), and the Leinster Aqueduct – which carries the Grand Canal over the Liffey at <a href="/wiki/Caragh" title="Caragh">Caragh</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-River_Liffey_Information_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-River_Liffey_Information-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Art works along the river and its quays include the Famine Memorial Statues (near the <a href="/wiki/International_Financial_Services_Centre,_Dublin" title="International Financial Services Centre, Dublin">IFSC</a>) and the World Hunger Stone.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Quays">Quays</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=River_Liffey&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Quays"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Dublin_quays" title="Dublin quays">Dublin quays</a></div> <p>The song about <i>Seamus Rafferty</i> refers to the "bowsies on the quay"; However, from the late 20th-century there was some renewed development on the quays, with the addition of linear parks and overhanging <a href="/wiki/Boardwalk" title="Boardwalk">boardwalks</a>. </p><p>There are quays on the north and south banks of the Liffey, extending from the weir at Islandbridge to Ringsend bridge over the river Dodder, just before the East-Link toll bridge. </p><p>From west to east, the quays on the north bank are: </p> <dl><dd>Bridgewater, Wolfe Tone, Sarsfield, Ellis, Arran, Inns, Ormond Upper, Ormond Lower, Bachelors Walk, <a href="/wiki/Eden_Quay" title="Eden Quay">Eden</a>, Custom House, and North Wall.</dd></dl> <p>From west to east, the quays on the south bank are: </p> <dl><dd>Victoria, Usher's Island, Usher's, Merchants, Wood, Essex, Wellington, Crampton, Aston, Burgh, George's, City, Sir John Rogerson's, and Great Britain.</dd></dl> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:2008px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Liffey_180%C2%B0_panorama_from_south_key_to_north.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A panoramic view of Bachelors Walk taken from the opposite side, Aston Quay"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Liffey_180%C2%B0_panorama_from_south_key_to_north.jpg/2000px-Liffey_180%C2%B0_panorama_from_south_key_to_north.jpg" decoding="async" width="2000" height="206" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Liffey_180%C2%B0_panorama_from_south_key_to_north.jpg/3000px-Liffey_180%C2%B0_panorama_from_south_key_to_north.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Liffey_180%C2%B0_panorama_from_south_key_to_north.jpg/4000px-Liffey_180%C2%B0_panorama_from_south_key_to_north.jpg 2x" data-file-width="13649" data-file-height="1409" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption" style="text-align:center"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Liffey_180%C2%B0_panorama_from_south_key_to_north.jpg" title="File:Liffey 180° panorama from south key to north.jpg"> </a></div>A panoramic view of Bachelors Walk taken from the opposite side, Aston Quay</div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Annalistic_references">Annalistic references</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=River_Liffey&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Annalistic references"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Annals_of_Inisfallen" title="Annals of Inisfallen">Annals of Inisfallen</a> for the year 808, an entry reads: </p> <dl><dd><i>AI808.2 A defeat [inflicted] by the <a href="/wiki/Laigin" title="Laigin">Laigin</a> on <a href="/wiki/%C3%81ed_Oirdnide" title="Áed Oirdnide">Áed, son of Niall</a>, at the river of Liphe.</i></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Popular_culture_references">Popular culture references</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=River_Liffey&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Popular culture references"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Duclin_Liffey_Dark_2008.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Duclin_Liffey_Dark_2008.jpg/220px-Duclin_Liffey_Dark_2008.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Duclin_Liffey_Dark_2008.jpg/330px-Duclin_Liffey_Dark_2008.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Duclin_Liffey_Dark_2008.jpg/440px-Duclin_Liffey_Dark_2008.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Liffey quays at dusk</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:LiffeySunset.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/LiffeySunset.jpg/170px-LiffeySunset.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="228" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/LiffeySunset.jpg/255px-LiffeySunset.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/LiffeySunset.jpg/340px-LiffeySunset.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1936" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>The River Liffey at sunset</figcaption></figure> <p>From <a href="/wiki/James_Joyce" title="James Joyce">Joyce</a> to <a href="/wiki/Radiohead" title="Radiohead">Radiohead</a>, the Liffey is often referenced in literature and song: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote centered" style="width:95%; ; margin:5px;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <p>"riverrun, past <a href="/wiki/Adam_and_Eve%27s,_Merchant_Quay" class="mw-redirect" title="Adam and Eve's, Merchant Quay">Eve and Adam's</a>, from swerve of shore to bend of bay, brings us by a commodius vicus of recirculation back to Howth Castle and Environs." </p> </blockquote> <div style="padding-bottom: 0; padding-top: 0.5em"><cite class="left-aligned" style=""><a href="/wiki/James_Joyce" title="James Joyce">James Joyce</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Finnegans_Wake" title="Finnegans Wake">Finnegans Wake</a></i> (1939) (first sentence of novel).</cite></div> </div> <p>That is the first of a number of references to the Liffey in the <a href="/wiki/Finnegans_Wake" title="Finnegans Wake">Wake</a>: insofar as the book has characters, the female protagonist of the novel, <a href="/wiki/Anna_Livia_Plurabelle" class="mw-redirect" title="Anna Livia Plurabelle">Anna Livia Plurabelle</a>, is herself an allegory of the river. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1224211176"><div class="quotebox pullquote centered" style="width:95%; ; margin:5px;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <p>A skiff, a crumpled throwaway, Elijah is coming, rode lightly down the Liffey, under <a href="/wiki/Loopline_Bridge" title="Loopline Bridge">Loopline Bridge</a>, shooting the rapids where water chafed around the bridgepiers, sailing eastward past hulls and anchorchains, between <a href="/wiki/The_Custom_House" title="The Custom House">the Custom House</a> old dock and George's quay. </p> </blockquote> <div style="padding-bottom: 0; padding-top: 0.5em"><cite class="left-aligned" style=""><a href="/wiki/James_Joyce" title="James Joyce">James Joyce</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Ulysses_(novel)" title="Ulysses (novel)">Ulysses</a></i> (1922)</cite></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1224211176"><div class="quotebox pullquote centered" style="width:95%; ; margin:5px;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <p>She asked that it be named for her. – The river took its name from the land. – the land took its name from the woman. </p> </blockquote> <div style="padding-bottom: 0; padding-top: 0.5em"><cite class="left-aligned" style=""><a href="/wiki/Eavan_Boland" title="Eavan Boland">Eavan Boland</a>, <i>Anna Liffey</i> (1997)</cite></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1224211176"><div class="quotebox pullquote centered" style="width:95%; ; margin:5px;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <p>That there, that's not me – I go where I please – I walk through walls, I float down the Liffey – I'm not here, this isn't happening </p> </blockquote> <div style="padding-bottom: 0; padding-top: 0.5em"><cite class="left-aligned" style=""><a href="/wiki/Radiohead" title="Radiohead">Radiohead</a>, <i>"<a href="/wiki/How_to_Disappear_Completely" title="How to Disappear Completely">How to Disappear Completely</a>" from album <a href="/wiki/Kid_A" title="Kid A">Kid A</a></i> (2000)</cite></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1224211176"><div class="quotebox pullquote centered" style="width:95%; ; margin:5px;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <p>O'h I've seen her face and I touched a dream, And made love down by the Liffey. Flow Liffey waters, flow gently to the sea. Flow Liffey waters flow, and sing and dance for me. </p> </blockquote> <div style="padding-bottom: 0; padding-top: 0.5em"><cite class="left-aligned" style=""><a href="/wiki/The_Wolfe_Tones" title="The Wolfe Tones">The Wolfe Tones</a>, <i>"Flow Liffey Waters"</i></cite></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1224211176"><div class="quotebox pullquote centered" style="width:95%; ; margin:5px;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <p>"Somebody once said that 'Joyce has made of this river the Ganges of the literary world,' but sometimes the smell of the Ganges of the literary world is not all that literary." </p> </blockquote> <div style="padding-bottom: 0; padding-top: 0.5em"><cite class="left-aligned" style=""><a href="/wiki/Brendan_Behan" title="Brendan Behan">Brendan Behan</a>, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Confessions_of_an_Irish_Rebel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Confessions of an Irish Rebel (page does not exist)">Confessions of an Irish Rebel</a></i></cite></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1224211176"><div class="quotebox pullquote centered" style="width:95%; ; margin:5px;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <p>"No man who has faced the Liffey can be appalled by the dirt of another river." </p> </blockquote> <div style="padding-bottom: 0; padding-top: 0.5em"><cite class="left-aligned" style=""><a href="/wiki/Iris_Murdoch" title="Iris Murdoch">Iris Murdoch</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Under_the_Net" title="Under the Net">Under the Net</a></i> (1954)</cite></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1224211176"><div class="quotebox pullquote centered" style="width:95%; ; margin:5px;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <p>"But the Angelus Bell o'er the Liffey's swell rang out through the foggy dew." </p> </blockquote> <div style="padding-bottom: 0; padding-top: 0.5em"><cite class="left-aligned" style="">Canon Charles O'Neill, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Foggy_Dew_(Irish_ballad)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Foggy Dew (Irish ballad)">The Foggy Dew</a></i></cite></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1224211176"><div class="quotebox pullquote centered" style="width:95%; ; margin:5px;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <p>"You can keep your Michael Flatley with his tattoos on his chest<br /> Fare thee well, Sweet Anna Liffey, it's the Ganges I love best<br /> I found a place in India so far across the foam<br /> You can call me Punjab Paddy, boys, I'm never comin' home!" </p> </blockquote> <div style="padding-bottom: 0; padding-top: 0.5em"><cite class="left-aligned" style=""><a href="/wiki/Gaelic_Storm" title="Gaelic Storm">Gaelic Storm</a>, <i>"Punjab Paddy from album <a href="/wiki/How_Are_We_Getting_Home%3F" title="How Are We Getting Home?">How Are We Getting Home?</a>"</i> (2004)</cite></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1224211176"><div class="quotebox pullquote centered" style="width:95%; ; margin:5px;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <p>Fare thee well sweet Anna Liffey, I can no longer stay<br /> I watch the new glass cages, that spring up along the quay<br /> My mind's too full of memories, too old to hear new chimes<br /> I'm part of what was Dublin in the rare ould times </p> </blockquote> <div style="padding-bottom: 0; padding-top: 0.5em"><cite class="left-aligned" style=""><a href="/wiki/Pete_St._John" class="mw-redirect" title="Pete St. John">Pete St. John</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Rare_Ould_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="Rare Ould Times">Rare Ould Times</a></i> (1970s)</cite></div> </div> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dublin_riverside_composite_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Dublin_riverside_composite_01.jpg/600px-Dublin_riverside_composite_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="600" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Dublin_riverside_composite_01.jpg/900px-Dublin_riverside_composite_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Dublin_riverside_composite_01.jpg/1200px-Dublin_riverside_composite_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3964" data-file-height="1412" /></a><figcaption>A view upstream from <a href="/wiki/Grattan_Bridge" title="Grattan Bridge">Grattan Bridge</a>, towards the <a href="/wiki/Four_Courts" title="Four Courts">Four Courts</a> (the domed building), with Essex Quay and <a href="/wiki/Wood_Quay" title="Wood Quay">Wood Quay</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Stream_bed" title="Stream bed">right bank</a> (left of picture) and Upper Ormond Quay on the <a href="/wiki/Stream_bed" title="Stream bed">left bank</a> (right of picture).</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=River_Liffey&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:River_Liffey,_Ireland" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:River Liffey, Ireland">River Liffey, Ireland</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Liffey" title="HMS Liffey">HMS Liffey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Ireland" title="List of rivers of Ireland">List of rivers of Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rivers_of_Ireland" title="Rivers of Ireland">Rivers of Ireland</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=River_Liffey&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-River_Liffey_Information-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-River_Liffey_Information_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-River_Liffey_Information_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.irelandbyways.com/top-irish-peninsulas/irelands-east/cashel-co-tipperary/the-river-liffey">"River Liffey Information"</a>. Irelandbyways.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190415234626/http://irelandbyways.com/top-irish-peninsulas/irelands-east/cashel-co-tipperary/the-river-liffey/">Archived</a> from the original on 15 April 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 January</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=River+Liffey+Information&rft.pub=Irelandbyways.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.irelandbyways.com%2Ftop-irish-peninsulas%2Firelands-east%2Fcashel-co-tipperary%2Fthe-river-liffey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARiver+Liffey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.romaneranames.uk/essays/ireland.pdf">"Ireland"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Romaneranames.uk</i>. Roman Era Names. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190402180652/http://www.romaneranames.uk/essays/ireland.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2 April 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 January</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Romaneranames.uk&rft.atitle=Ireland&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.romaneranames.uk%2Fessays%2Fireland.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARiver+Liffey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/*/http://www.dublincastle.ie/history1.html">Archive index</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Byrne, F. J. 1973. Irish Kings and High-Kings. Dublin. p.150</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJulius_Pokorny" class="citation cs2">Julius Pokorny, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.win.tue.nl/~aeb/natlang/ie/pokorny.html"><i>Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (Francke, 1959) word 1136</i></a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200806212825/https://www.win.tue.nl/~aeb/natlang/ie/pokorny.html">archived</a> from the original on 6 August 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 November</span> 2019</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Indogermanisches+etymologisches+W%C3%B6rterbuch+%28Francke%2C+1959%29+word+1136&rft.au=Julius+Pokorny&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.win.tue.nl%2F~aeb%2Fnatlang%2Fie%2Fpokorny.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARiver+Liffey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTristram2007" class="citation journal cs1">Tristram, Hildegard L.C., ed. (26–27 July 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2007/1568/pdf/celtic_languages_in_contact.pdf">"The Celtic Languages in Contact"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Potsdam University Press. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121214184547/http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2007/1568/pdf/celtic_languages_in_contact.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 14 December 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 December</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+Celtic+Languages+in+Contact&rft.date=2007-07-26%2F2007-07-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fopus.kobv.de%2Fubp%2Fvolltexte%2F2007%2F1568%2Fpdf%2Fceltic_languages_in_contact.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARiver+Liffey" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">As indicated by <a href="/wiki/File:Sara%27sBridge,_Dublin.jpg" title="File:Sara'sBridge, Dublin.jpg">the caption of an engraving</a> published in 1831</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120923070504/http://historical-debates.oireachtas.ie/S/0159/S.0159.199905260005.html">"Seanad Éireann – Vol 159, May, 1999 – Motion on National Archives – David Norris (senator and Trinity lecturer) referencing Georgian Society records"</a>. Oireachtas Debates (Hansard). 1999. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://historical-debates.oireachtas.ie/S/0159/S.0159.199905260005.html">the original</a> on 23 September 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 December</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Seanad+%C3%89ireann+%E2%80%93+Vol+159%2C+May%2C+1999+%E2%80%93+Motion+on+National+Archives+%E2%80%93+David+Norris+%28senator+and+Trinity+lecturer%29+referencing+Georgian+Society+records&rft.pub=Oireachtas+Debates+%28Hansard%29&rft.date=1999&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhistorical-debates.oireachtas.ie%2FS%2F0159%2FS.0159.199905260005.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARiver+Liffey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">"Table of Reference". <i>Rivers and their Catchment Basins</i>. <a href="/wiki/Ordnance_Survey_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="Ordnance Survey of Ireland">Ordnance Survey of Ireland</a>. 1958.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Table+of+Reference&rft.btitle=Rivers+and+their+Catchment+Basins&rft.pub=Ordnance+Survey+of+Ireland&rft.date=1958&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARiver+Liffey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-serbd.com-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-serbd.com_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-serbd.com_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303222354/http://www.serbd.com/MultiDownloads/Creport/Chapters/Physical%20Description%20Ch3.pdf">SERBD Report – Physical Description (Chapter)</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Report). South Eastern River Basin District Management System. p. 38. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.serbd.com/MultiDownloads/Creport/Chapters/Physical%20Description%20Ch3.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 3 March 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=SERBD+Report+%E2%80%93+Physical+Description+%28Chapter%29&rft.pages=38&rft.pub=South+Eastern+River+Basin+District+Management+System&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.serbd.com%2FMultiDownloads%2FCreport%2FChapters%2FPhysical%2520Description%2520Ch3.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARiver+Liffey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>The Rivers and Streams of the Dublin Region</i>. 2018. pp. <span class="nowrap">33–</span>35. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780956636386" title="Special:BookSources/9780956636386"><bdi>9780956636386</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Rivers+and+Streams+of+the+Dublin+Region&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E33-%3C%2Fspan%3E35&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=9780956636386&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARiver+Liffey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>The Rivers and Streams of the Dublin Region</i>. 2018. pp. <span class="nowrap">35–</span>42. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780956636386" title="Special:BookSources/9780956636386"><bdi>9780956636386</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Rivers+and+Streams+of+the+Dublin+Region&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E35-%3C%2Fspan%3E42&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=9780956636386&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARiver+Liffey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fishinginireland.info/trout/east/dublin/liffey.htm">"River Liffey"</a>. fishinginireland.info. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190719060058/http://fishinginireland.info/trout/east/dublin/liffey.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 19 July 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 January</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=River+Liffey&rft.pub=fishinginireland.info&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fishinginireland.info%2Ftrout%2Feast%2Fdublin%2Fliffey.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARiver+Liffey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>The Rivers and Streams of the Dublin Region</i>. 2018. pp. <span class="nowrap">44–</span>46. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780956636386" title="Special:BookSources/9780956636386"><bdi>9780956636386</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Rivers+and+Streams+of+the+Dublin+Region&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E44-%3C%2Fspan%3E46&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=9780956636386&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARiver+Liffey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>The Rivers and Streams of the Dublin Region</i>. 2018. pp. <span class="nowrap">48–</span>57. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780956636386" title="Special:BookSources/9780956636386"><bdi>9780956636386</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Rivers+and+Streams+of+the+Dublin+Region&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E48-%3C%2Fspan%3E57&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=9780956636386&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARiver+Liffey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>The Rivers and Streams of the Dublin Region</i>. 2018. pp. 25, 31. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780956636386" title="Special:BookSources/9780956636386"><bdi>9780956636386</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Rivers+and+Streams+of+the+Dublin+Region&rft.pages=25%2C+31&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=9780956636386&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARiver+Liffey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.independent.ie/irish-news/is-it-made-with-liffey-water-philip-enquires-of-guinness-26733840.html">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Is it made with Liffey water?' Philip enquires of Guinness"</a>. <i>Irish Independent</i>. 18 May 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170821050401/http://www.independent.ie/irish-news/is-it-made-with-liffey-water-philip-enquires-of-guinness-26733840.html">Archived</a> from the original on 21 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Irish+Independent&rft.atitle=%27Is+it+made+with+Liffey+water%3F%27+Philip+enquires+of+Guinness&rft.date=2011-05-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.ie%2Firish-news%2Fis-it-made-with-liffey-water-philip-enquires-of-guinness-26733840.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARiver+Liffey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-urlThe_Beer-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-urlThe_Beer_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170611011934/https://www.guinness.com/en-ie/frequently-asked-questions/">"Frequently Asked Questions"</a>. Guinness.com. 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Dublin: Lambay Books. p. 144. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0708944973" title="Special:BookSources/0708944973"><bdi>0708944973</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1244738727">1244738727</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dublin+under+the+Georges+%3A+1714-1830&rft.place=Dublin&rft.pages=144&rft.pub=Lambay+Books&rft.date=1997&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1244738727&rft.isbn=0708944973&rft.aulast=Maxwell&rft.aufirst=Constantia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F1244738727&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARiver+Liffey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://irishcycle.com/2015/09/30/call-for-guinness-bridge-over-liffey-to-be-reopened-as-part-of-greenway/">"IrishCycle.com Guinness Bridge/Silver Bridge"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181019144734/http://irishcycle.com/2015/09/30/call-for-guinness-bridge-over-liffey-to-be-reopened-as-part-of-greenway/">Archived</a> from the original on 19 October 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=IrishCycle.com+Guinness+Bridge%2FSilver+Bridge&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Firishcycle.com%2F2015%2F09%2F30%2Fcall-for-guinness-bridge-over-liffey-to-be-reopened-as-part-of-greenway%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARiver+Liffey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-open-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-open_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/breaking/2009/1211/breaking4.htm">"Samuel Beckett Bridge opens"</a>. <i>The Irish Times</i>. 11 December 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181225181542/https://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/breaking/2009/1211/breaking4.htm%20">Archived</a> from the original on 25 December 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 January</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Irish+Times&rft.atitle=Samuel+Beckett+Bridge+opens&rft.date=2009-12-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishtimes.com%2Fnewspaper%2Fbreaking%2F2009%2F1211%2Fbreaking4.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARiver+Liffey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-corpo-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-corpo_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110809022550/http://www.dublincity.ie/RoadsandTraffic/MajorTransportProjects/Pages/Samuel%20Beckett%20Bridge.aspx">"Samuel Beckett Bridge"</a>. Dublin City Council. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Irish+Times&rft.atitle=Rosie+Hackett+Bridge+to+open+at+6am+tomorrow&rft.date=2014-05-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishtimes.com%2Fnews%2Fenvironment%2Frosie-hackett-bridge-to-open-at-6am-tomorrow-1.1802827&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARiver+Liffey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kildarelocalhistory.ie/kilcullen/history-of-kilcullen/kilcullen-bridge/">"Kilcullen Bridge – Kildare Local History . ie"</a>. Kildare Federation of Local History Groups. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210624200816/http://kildarelocalhistory.ie/kilcullen/history-of-kilcullen/kilcullen-bridge/">Archived</a> from the original on 24 June 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kilcullen+Bridge+%E2%80%93+Kildare+Local+History+.+ie&rft.pub=Kildare+Federation+of+Local+History+Groups&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkildarelocalhistory.ie%2Fkilcullen%2Fhistory-of-kilcullen%2Fkilcullen-bridge%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARiver+Liffey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://irishhistorichouses.com/2020/09/27/harristown-brannockstown-county-kildare">"Harristown, Brannockstown, County Kildare – Irish Historic Houses"</a>. 27 September 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210627210611/https://irishhistorichouses.com/2020/09/27/harristown-brannockstown-county-kildare/">Archived</a> from the original on 27 June 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Harristown%2C+Brannockstown%2C+County+Kildare+%E2%80%93+Irish+Historic+Houses&rft.date=2020-09-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Firishhistorichouses.com%2F2020%2F09%2F27%2Fharristown-brannockstown-county-kildare&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARiver+Liffey" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKaufman,_R2014" class="citation book cs1">Kaufman, R (2014). <i>Kaufman Green Guide Dublin</i>. p. 132. <a href="/wiki/ASIN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ASIN (identifier)">ASIN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/dp/B00OR0W1QK">B00OR0W1QK</a>.</cite><span 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aria-labelledby="Rivers_of_County_Dublin121" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Rivers_of_County_Dublin" title="Template:Rivers of County Dublin"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Rivers_of_County_Dublin" title="Template talk:Rivers of County Dublin"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Rivers_of_County_Dublin" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Rivers of County Dublin"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Rivers_of_County_Dublin121" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Rivers of <a href="/wiki/County_Dublin" title="County Dublin">County Dublin</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rivers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ballyboghil_River" title="Ballyboghil River">Ballyboghil River</a></li> <li>Bartramstown River</li> <li>Bracken River</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bradogue_River" title="Bradogue River">Bradogue River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadmeadow_River" title="Broadmeadow River">Broadmeadow River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Camac" title="River Camac">River Camac</a></li> <li>Carrickmines River</li> <li>Corduff River</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delvin_River" title="Delvin River">Delvin River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Dodder" title="River Dodder">River Dodder</a></li> <li>Finglas River</li> <li>Glencullen River</li> <li>Griffeen River</li> <li>Hurley River</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">River Liffey</a></li> <li>Little Dargle River</li> <li>Mayne River</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naniken_River" title="Naniken River">Naniken River</a></li> <li>Owendoher River</li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Poddle" title="River Poddle">River Poddle</a></li> <li>Richardstown River</li> <li>River Delvin</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santry_River" title="Santry River">Santry River</a></li> <li>Shanganagh River</li> <li>Slang River</li> <li>Sluice River</li> <li>Stein River</li> <li>Swan River</li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Tolka" title="River Tolka">River Tolka</a></li> <li>Turvey River</li> <li>Wad River</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ward_River_(Ireland)" title="Ward River (Ireland)">Ward River</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Streams and brooks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Baleally Stream</li> <li>Ballinascorney Stream</li> <li>Ballyogan Stream</li> <li>Ballymaice Stream</li> <li>Balsaggart Stream</li> <li>Blackbanks Stream</li> <li>Blackditch Stream</li> <li>Bloody Stream</li> <li>Boggeen Stream</li> <li>Boherboy Stream</li> <li>Bride's Glen Stream</li> <li>Bride's Stream</li> <li>Brockey Stream</li> <li>Brook Stream</li> <li>Brownsbarn Stream</li> <li>Carrickbrack Stream</li> <li>Carysfort-Maretimo Stream</li> <li>Castle Stream</li> <li>Cemetery Drain</li> <li>Claremont Stream</li> <li>Commons Water</li> <li>Coolcour Brook</li> <li>Cot Brook</li> <li>County Brook</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_National_War_Memorial_Gardens#Creosote_stream" title="Irish National War Memorial Gardens">Creosote Stream</a></li> <li>Crinken Stream</li> <li>Cuckoo Stream</li> <li>Drimnagh Castle Stream</li> <li>Elm Park Stream</li> <li>Fettercairn Stream</li> <li>Finglaswood Stream</li> <li>Finisk Stream</li> <li>Forrest Little Stream</li> <li>Fox Stream</li> <li>Foxrock Stream</li> <li>Furry Glen Stream</li> <li>Gallanstown Stream</li> <li>Gallblack Stream</li> <li>Gaybrook Stream</li> <li>Glasthule Stream</li> <li>Glenamuck Stream</li> <li>Glenaulin Stream</li> <li>Golf Stream</li> <li>Grange Stream</li> <li>Hampstead Stream</li> <li>Hazelbrook Stream</li> <li>Jobstown Stream</li> <li>Kealy's Stream</li> <li>Kilbarrack Stream</li> <li>Kill o' the Grange Stream</li> <li>Lissenhall Stream</li> <li>Mabestown Stream</li> <li>Magazine Stream</li> <li>Mareen's Brook</li> <li>Mill Stream</li> <li>Milverton Stream</li> <li>Monkstown Stream</li> <li>Muckross Stream</li> <li>Nutley Stream</li> <li>Offington Stream</li> <li>East Pinkeen Stream</li> <li>West Pinkeen Stream</li> <li>Piperstown Stream</li> <li>Portrane Stream</li> <li>Priory Stream</li> <li>Racecourse Stream</li> <li>Robinhood Stream</li> <li>Rush Town Stream</li> <li>Santa Sabina Stream</li> <li>Scribblestown Stream</li> <li>Shallon Stream</li> <li>Slade Brook</li> <li>St Laurence's Stream</li> <li>St Margaret's Stream</li> <li>Tallaght Stream</li> <li>Trimleston Stream</li> <li>Tromanallison</li> <li>Turnapin Stream</li> <li>Walkinstown Stream</li> <li>Whitechurch Stream</li> <li>Whitewater Brook</li> <li>Wimbletown Stream</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_County_Dublin" title="List of rivers of County Dublin">List of rivers of County Dublin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Ireland" title="List of rivers of Ireland">List of rivers of Ireland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Rivers_of_Ireland380" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Rivers_of_Ireland" title="Template:Rivers of Ireland"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Rivers_of_Ireland" title="Template talk:Rivers of Ireland"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Rivers_of_Ireland" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Rivers of Ireland"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Rivers_of_Ireland380" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Rivers_of_Ireland" title="Rivers of Ireland">Rivers of Ireland</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Ireland" title="List of rivers of Ireland">List</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Flowing north</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/River_Bann" title="River Bann">Bann</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/River_Bush" title="River Bush">Bush</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/River_Faughan" title="River Faughan">Faughan</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/River_Foyle" title="River Foyle">Foyle</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/River_Roe" title="River Roe">Roe</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Flowing to the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Sea" title="Irish Sea">Irish Sea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/River_Avoca" title="River Avoca">Avoca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Boyne" title="River Boyne">Boyne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadmeadow_River" title="Broadmeadow River">Broadmeadow</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ward_River_(Ireland)" title="Ward River (Ireland)">Ward</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Castletown_River" title="Castletown River">Castletown</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Dargle" title="River Dargle">Dargle</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glencullen_River" title="Glencullen River">Glencullen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Fane" title="River Fane">Fane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Glyde" title="River Glyde">Glyde</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/River_Dee_(Ireland)" title="River Dee (Ireland)">Dee</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/River_Lagan" title="River Lagan">Lagan</a></i></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Liffey</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Morell_River" title="Morell River">Morell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Rye_(Ireland)" title="River Rye (Ireland)">Rye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Camac" title="River Camac">Camac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Poddle" title="River Poddle">Poddle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Dodder" title="River Dodder">Dodder</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayne_River" title="Mayne River">Mayne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naniken_River" title="Naniken River">Naniken</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Newry_River" title="Newry River">Newry</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/River_Quoile" title="River Quoile">Quoile</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santry_River" title="Santry River">Santry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanganagh_River" title="Shanganagh River">Shanganagh River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Slaney" title="River Slaney">Slaney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Tolka" title="River Tolka">Tolka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Vartry" title="River Vartry">Vartry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Flowing to the <a href="/wiki/Celtic_Sea" title="Celtic Sea">Celtic Sea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/River_Bandon" title="River Bandon">Bandon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munster_Blackwater" title="Munster Blackwater">Blackwater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Lee" title="River Lee">Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Mahon" title="River Mahon">Mahon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Three_Sisters_(Ireland)" title="The Three Sisters (Ireland)">The Three Sisters</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/River_Barrow" title="River Barrow">Barrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Nore" title="River Nore">Nore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Suir" title="River Suir">Suir</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Flowing to the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ballisodare_River" title="Ballisodare River">Ballisodare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caragh_River" title="Caragh River">Caragh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Clare" title="River Clare">Clare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Corrib" title="River Corrib">Corrib</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/River_Erne" title="River Erne">Erne</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Eske" title="River Eske">Eske</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Feale" title="River Feale">Feale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Inny_(County_Kerry)" title="River Inny (County Kerry)">Inny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Laune" title="River Laune">Laune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Ferta" title="River Ferta">Ferta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Maine_(County_Kerry)" title="River Maine (County Kerry)">Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Moy" title="River Moy">Moy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Robe" class="mw-redirect" title="River Robe">Robe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Shannon" title="River Shannon">Shannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Swilly" title="River Swilly">Swilly</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tributary" title="Tributary">Tributaries</a> of the <a href="/wiki/River_Shannon" title="River Shannon">Shannon</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abbey_River,_Limerick" title="Abbey River, Limerick">Abbey River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boyle_River_(Ireland)" title="Boyle River (Ireland)">Boyle River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Brosna" title="River Brosna">Brosna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Deel" title="River Deel">Deel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Fergus" title="River Fergus">Fergus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Inny,_Westmeath" class="mw-redirect" title="River Inny, Westmeath">Inny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Maigue" title="River Maigue">Maigue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulkear_River" title="Mulkear River">Mulkear River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nenagh_River" title="Nenagh River">Nenagh River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Suck" title="River Suck">Suck</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>River names in <i>italics</i> indicate rivers which are partially or wholly in <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a>, with the rest being wholly in the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Republic of Ireland</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link 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title="Islandbridge">Islandbridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liffey_Railway_Bridge" title="Liffey Railway Bridge">Liffey Railway Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Se%C3%A1n_Heuston_Bridge" title="Seán Heuston Bridge">Seán Heuston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Sherwin_Bridge" title="Frank Sherwin Bridge">Frank Sherwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rory_O%27More_Bridge" title="Rory O'More Bridge">Rory O'More</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Joyce_Bridge" title="James Joyce Bridge">James Joyce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mellows_Bridge" title="Mellows Bridge">Mellows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Father_Mathew_Bridge" title="Father Mathew Bridge">Father Mathew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O%27Donovan_Rossa_Bridge" title="O'Donovan Rossa Bridge">O'Donovan Rossa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grattan_Bridge" title="Grattan Bridge">Grattan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millennium_Bridge_(Dublin)" title="Millennium Bridge (Dublin)">Millennium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ha%27penny_Bridge" title="Ha'penny Bridge">Ha'penny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O%27Connell_Bridge" title="O'Connell Bridge">O'Connell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosie_Hackett_Bridge" title="Rosie Hackett Bridge">Rosie Hackett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butt_Bridge" title="Butt Bridge">Butt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loopline_Bridge" title="Loopline Bridge">Loopline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talbot_Memorial_Bridge" title="Talbot Memorial Bridge">Talbot Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Se%C3%A1n_O%27Casey_Bridge" title="Seán O'Casey Bridge">Seán O'Casey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Beckett_Bridge" title="Samuel Beckett Bridge">Samuel Beckett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East-Link_(Dublin)" title="East-Link (Dublin)">East-Link</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Places_in_County_Kildare168" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:County_Kildare" title="Template:County Kildare"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:County_Kildare" title="Template talk:County Kildare"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:County_Kildare" title="Special:EditPage/Template:County Kildare"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Places_in_County_Kildare168" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Places in <a href="/wiki/County_Kildare" title="County Kildare">County Kildare</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/County_town" title="County town">County town</a>: <b><a href="/wiki/Naas" title="Naas">Naas</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_towns_and_villages_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="List of towns and villages in the Republic of Ireland">Towns</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Athy" title="Athy">Athy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballymore_Eustace" title="Ballymore Eustace">Ballymore Eustace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celbridge" title="Celbridge">Celbridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clane" title="Clane">Clane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kilcock" title="Kilcock">Kilcock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kildare" title="Kildare">Kildare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leixlip" title="Leixlip">Leixlip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maynooth" title="Maynooth">Maynooth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monasterevin" title="Monasterevin">Monasterevin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naas" title="Naas">Naas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newbridge,_County_Kildare" title="Newbridge, County Kildare">Newbridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prosperous,_County_Kildare" title="Prosperous, County Kildare">Prosperous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rathangan,_County_Kildare" title="Rathangan, County Kildare">Rathangan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sallins" title="Sallins">Sallins</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Island_of_Ireland_location_map_Kildare.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Island_of_Ireland_location_map_Kildare.svg/100px-Island_of_Ireland_location_map_Kildare.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Island_of_Ireland_location_map_Kildare.svg/150px-Island_of_Ireland_location_map_Kildare.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Island_of_Ireland_location_map_Kildare.svg/200px-Island_of_Ireland_location_map_Kildare.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1450" data-file-height="1807" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Villages and<br /><a href="/wiki/Townland" title="Townland">Townlands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allen,_County_Kildare" title="Allen, County Kildare">Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allenwood,_County_Kildare" title="Allenwood, County Kildare">Allenwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ardclough" title="Ardclough">Ardclogh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballitore" title="Ballitore">Ballitore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballyoulster" title="Ballyoulster">Ballyoulster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calverstown" title="Calverstown">Calverstown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caragh" title="Caragh">Caragh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbury,_County_Kildare" title="Carbury, County Kildare">Carbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castledermot" title="Castledermot">Castledermot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coill_Dubh" title="Coill Dubh">Coill Dubh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cutbush" title="Cutbush">Cutbush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derrinturn" title="Derrinturn">Derrinturn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eadestown" title="Eadestown">Eadestown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grangemore" title="Grangemore">Grangemore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawkfield" title="Hawkfield">Hawkfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnstown,_County_Kildare" title="Johnstown, County Kildare">Johnstown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kilberry,_County_Kildare" title="Kilberry, County Kildare">Kilberry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kilcullen" title="Kilcullen">Kilcullen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kildangan" title="Kildangan">Kildangan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kill,_County_Kildare" title="Kill, County Kildare">Kill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kilkea" title="Kilkea">Kilkea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kilmead" title="Kilmead">Kilmead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kilmeage" title="Kilmeage">Kilmeage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kilshanchoe" title="Kilshanchoe">Kilshanchoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kilteel" title="Kilteel">Kilteel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lullymore" title="Lullymore">Lullymore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milltown,_County_Kildare" title="Milltown, County Kildare">Milltown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moone" title="Moone">Moone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narraghmore" title="Narraghmore">Narraghmore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nurney,_County_Kildare" title="Nurney, County Kildare">Nurney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rathcoffey" title="Rathcoffey">Rathcoffey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robertstown,_County_Kildare" title="Robertstown, County Kildare">Robertstown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straffan" title="Straffan">Straffan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staplestown" title="Staplestown">Staplestown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suncroft" title="Suncroft">Suncroft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timolin" title="Timolin">Timolin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Landforms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bog_of_Allen" title="Bog of Allen">Bog of Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cupidstown_Hill" title="Cupidstown Hill">Cupidstown Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Curragh" title="The Curragh">Curragh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Canal_(Ireland)" title="Grand Canal (Ireland)">Grand Canal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hill_of_Allen" title="Hill of Allen">Hill of Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Barrow" title="River Barrow">River Barrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enfield_Blackwater" title="Enfield Blackwater">River Blackwater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Boyne" title="River Boyne">River Boyne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Figile_River" title="Figile River">Figile River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Greese" title="River Greese">River Greese</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">River Liffey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyreen_River" title="Lyreen River">Lyreen River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morell_River" title="Morell River">Morell River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Rye_(Ireland)" title="River Rye (Ireland)">River Rye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Canal" title="Royal Canal">Royal Canal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Geography_of_County_Kildare" title="Category:Geography of County Kildare">Geography of County Kildare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Monuments_in_County_Kildare" class="mw-redirect" title="List of National Monuments in County Kildare">List of National Monuments in County Kildare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_townlands_of_County_Kildare" title="List of townlands of County Kildare">List of townlands of County Kildare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mountains_and_hills_of_County_Kildare" title="Category:Mountains and hills of County Kildare">Mountains and hills of County Kildare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Rivers_of_County_Kildare" title="Category:Rivers of County Kildare">Rivers of County Kildare</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1096941587">.mw-parser-output .attached-kml-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .attached-kml-error code{font-size:inherit;font-weight:normal;border:0}.mw-parser-output .kmldata,.mw-parser-output .attached-kml-wikidata{display:none}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right attached-kml"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><span class="plainlinks"><b><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Attached_KML/River_Liffey&action=raw">KML file</a></b> (<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Attached_KML/River_Liffey&action=edit">edit</a> • <a href="/wiki/Help:Attached_KML" title="Help:Attached 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