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encephalitis in children in India</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/13411008" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d60b4053322ec8293802269fc0856aba" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45371736,"asset_id":13411008,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" 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itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/35061629/Contract_Opportunity_with_the_College_of_Mental_Health_Counselling_download_">Contract Opportunity with the College of Mental Health Counselling (download)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In order to accept this Student Recruiter agreement with the College of Mental Health Counselling, you must believe in and agree with the value of learning about counselling through the online course described at <a href="http://www.ctihalifax.com" rel="nofollow">www.ctihalifax.com</a>, and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_35061629" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In order to accept this Student Recruiter agreement with the College of Mental Health Counselling, you must believe in and agree with the value of learning about counselling through the online course described at <a href="http://www.ctihalifax.com" rel="nofollow">www.ctihalifax.com</a>, and you must act in good faith accepting that the College will remunerate you as per the terms of this agreement in #5 below. Because a Student Recruiter must communicate the following, therefore completing the below steps is considered a Skill Test in order to qualify. When the College receives full tuition from your first referral, you will be considered a Student Recruiter.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/35061629" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="0b3c58d1961232394c96e1531f63add2" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":55028122,"asset_id":35061629,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/55028122/download_file?st=MTczMjc1NjY1MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="345752" href="https://collegemhc.academia.edu/DanielKeeran">Daniel M Keeran MSW</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="345752" type="text/json">{"id":345752,"first_name":"Daniel","last_name":"Keeran MSW","domain_name":"collegemhc","page_name":"DanielKeeran","display_name":"Daniel M Keeran MSW","profile_url":"https://collegemhc.academia.edu/DanielKeeran?f_ri=43838","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/345752/94042/30134256/s65_daniel.keeran_msw.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_35061629 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="35061629"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 35061629, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_35061629", }); 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href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_India">History of India</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3024" type="text/json">{"id":3024,"name":"History of India","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_India?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3661" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sovereignty">Sovereignty</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3661" type="text/json">{"id":3661,"name":"Sovereignty","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sovereignty?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6256" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Necropolitics">Necropolitics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="6256" type="text/json">{"id":6256,"name":"Necropolitics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Necropolitics?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=24632331]'), work: {"id":24632331,"title":"“The Irrevocable Tension between Sovereign and Biopower: Torture as a Technology of Rule in Colonial India\", in Deana Heath and Stephen Legg (eds), South Asian Governmentalities: Michel Foucault and the Question of the Postcoloinal (Cambridge University Press, forthcoming)","created_at":"2016-04-21T09:28:04.798-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/24632331/_The_Irrevocable_Tension_between_Sovereign_and_Biopower_Torture_as_a_Technology_of_Rule_in_Colonial_India_in_Deana_Heath_and_Stephen_Legg_eds_South_Asian_Governmentalities_Michel_Foucault_and_the_Question_of_the_Postcoloinal_Cambridge_University_Press_forthcoming_?f_ri=43838","dom_id":"work_24632331","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":44959227,"asset_id":24632331,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":31034628,"first_name":"Deana","last_name":"Heath","domain_name":"liverpool","page_name":"DeanaHeath","display_name":"Deana Heath","profile_url":"https://liverpool.academia.edu/DeanaHeath?f_ri=43838","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/31034628/9888079/29154568/s65_deana.heath.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1697,"name":"Violence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Violence?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false},{"id":3024,"name":"History of 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class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/39276395/What_is_Odissi_actually_Asian_Age_Oct_31_">What is Odissi actually Asian Age Oct 31,</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/39276395" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="99aabe4d42242f6e8434fa418e80e8a3" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":59411771,"asset_id":39276395,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/59411771/download_file?st=MTczMjc1NjY1MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="38915407" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SharonLowen">Sharon Lowen</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="38915407" type="text/json">{"id":38915407,"first_name":"Sharon","last_name":"Lowen","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SharonLowen","display_name":"Sharon Lowen","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SharonLowen?f_ri=43838","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/38915407/27761855/26054401/s65_sharon.lowen.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_39276395 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="39276395"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 39276395, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_39276395", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_39276395 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x 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}); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_39276395").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="39276395"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="945" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Performing_Arts">Performing Arts</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="945" type="text/json">{"id":945,"name":"Performing Arts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Performing_Arts?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="38666" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_performing_arts">Indian performing arts</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="38666" type="text/json">{"id":38666,"name":"Indian performing arts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_performing_arts?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="43838" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/India">India</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="43838" type="text/json">{"id":43838,"name":"India","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/India?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="317384" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Odissi_Dance_and_Music">Odissi Dance & Music</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="317384" type="text/json">{"id":317384,"name":"Odissi Dance \u0026 Music","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Odissi_Dance_and_Music?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=39276395]'), work: {"id":39276395,"title":"What is Odissi actually Asian Age Oct 31,","created_at":"2019-05-27T09:21:52.208-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/39276395/What_is_Odissi_actually_Asian_Age_Oct_31_?f_ri=43838","dom_id":"work_39276395","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":59411771,"asset_id":39276395,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":38915407,"first_name":"Sharon","last_name":"Lowen","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SharonLowen","display_name":"Sharon Lowen","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SharonLowen?f_ri=43838","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/38915407/27761855/26054401/s65_sharon.lowen.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":945,"name":"Performing Arts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Performing_Arts?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false},{"id":38666,"name":"Indian performing 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u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The fourteen chapters in this book are the selected proceedings of the 6th Language & Development Conference which was held in Tashkent, Uzbekistan, in 2003 with the theme 'Linguistic Challenges to National Development and International... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_705480" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The fourteen chapters in this book are the selected proceedings of the 6th Language & Development Conference which was held in Tashkent, Uzbekistan, in 2003 with the theme 'Linguistic Challenges to National Development and International Cooperation'. The chapters discuss language policy issues in Azerbaijan, India, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Thailand, Uzbekistan and elsewhere.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/705480" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ba7f0d21cc88f8f9baf8a50b3415f7cd" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":42279676,"asset_id":705480,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42279676/download_file?st=MTczMjc1NjY1MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="335542" href="https://leeds.academia.edu/HywelColeman">Hywel Coleman</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="335542" type="text/json">{"id":335542,"first_name":"Hywel","last_name":"Coleman","domain_name":"leeds","page_name":"HywelColeman","display_name":"Hywel Coleman","profile_url":"https://leeds.academia.edu/HywelColeman?f_ri=43838","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/335542/15630167/16202362/s65_hywel.coleman.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_705480 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="705480"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 705480, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_705480", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=705480]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_705480").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_705480").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="705480"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">14</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9815" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Developing_Countries">Developing Countries</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9815" type="text/json">{"id":9815,"name":"Developing Countries","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Developing_Countries?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10096" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Thailand">Thailand</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10096" type="text/json">{"id":10096,"name":"Thailand","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Thailand?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="19861" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Language">Russian Language</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="19861" type="text/json">{"id":19861,"name":"Russian Language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Language?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="22650" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Central_Asia">Central Asia</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="22650" type="text/json">{"id":22650,"name":"Central Asia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Central_Asia?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=705480]'), work: {"id":705480,"title":"National Development, Education and Language In Central Asia and Beyond","created_at":"2011-06-29T11:51:45.381-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/705480/National_Development_Education_and_Language_In_Central_Asia_and_Beyond?f_ri=43838","dom_id":"work_705480","summary":"The fourteen chapters in this book are the selected proceedings of the 6th Language \u0026 Development Conference which was held in Tashkent, Uzbekistan, in 2003 with the theme 'Linguistic Challenges to National Development and International Cooperation'. The chapters discuss language policy issues in Azerbaijan, India, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Thailand, Uzbekistan and elsewhere.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":42279676,"asset_id":705480,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":335542,"first_name":"Hywel","last_name":"Coleman","domain_name":"leeds","page_name":"HywelColeman","display_name":"Hywel Coleman","profile_url":"https://leeds.academia.edu/HywelColeman?f_ri=43838","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/335542/15630167/16202362/s65_hywel.coleman.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":9815,"name":"Developing Countries","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Developing_Countries?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false},{"id":10096,"name":"Thailand","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Thailand?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false},{"id":19861,"name":"Russian Language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Language?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false},{"id":22650,"name":"Central Asia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Central_Asia?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false},{"id":27195,"name":"Tajikistan","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tajikistan?f_ri=43838"},{"id":33669,"name":"Azerbaijan","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Azerbaijan?f_ri=43838"},{"id":38923,"name":"Language Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Language_Policy?f_ri=43838"},{"id":43838,"name":"India","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/India?f_ri=43838"},{"id":49796,"name":"Uzbekistan","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Uzbekistan?f_ri=43838"},{"id":85585,"name":"Kazakhstan","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kazakhstan?f_ri=43838"},{"id":121065,"name":"Tajik language","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tajik_language?f_ri=43838"},{"id":405257,"name":"Badakhshan","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Badakhshan?f_ri=43838"},{"id":573556,"name":"Language and Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Language_and_Development?f_ri=43838"},{"id":802605,"name":"Uzbek Language and Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Uzbek_Language_and_Linguistics?f_ri=43838"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_12736356" data-work_id="12736356" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/12736356/Digital_publishing_in_developing_countries">Digital publishing in developing countries</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">E-books, print on demand, online sales sites, the boom in mobile phones… new technologies are profoundly transforming the way texts circulate. Developing countries, however, which face serious limitations in infrastructure, have a... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_12736356" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">E-books, print on demand, online sales sites, the boom in mobile phones… new technologies are profoundly transforming the way texts circulate. Developing countries, however, which face serious limitations in infrastructure, have a considerable challenge ahead of them. <br /> <br />What new actors are emerging in the countries of the South, outside of the powerful platforms already existing in the US, Europe and Japan? Is it conceivable that there may be an autonomous evolution of digital publications in developing countries, entirely independent of the richest nations? What support policies could be implemented to promote the growth of this new industry and accompany traditional actors in the process of adapting to the changes involved? <br /> <br />The digital experiences undertaken in the South suggest that new technologies represent a great opportunity for developing countries – particularly in terms of diffusion –, but on the condition that local entrepreneurs seek out original models adapted to the concrete needs of their communities.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/12736356" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="551cb373de8976106ddd96463a33923f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":37798924,"asset_id":12736356,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37798924/download_file?st=MTczMjc1NjY1MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="26916090" href="https://uba.academia.edu/OctavioKulesz">Octavio Kulesz</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="26916090" type="text/json">{"id":26916090,"first_name":"Octavio","last_name":"Kulesz","domain_name":"uba","page_name":"OctavioKulesz","display_name":"Octavio Kulesz","profile_url":"https://uba.academia.edu/OctavioKulesz?f_ri=43838","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/26916090/7533909/29888187/s65_octavio.kulesz.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_12736356 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="12736356"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 12736356, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_12736356", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_12736356 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12736356; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_12736356"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_12736356 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="12736356"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12736356; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12736356]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_12736356").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_12736356").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="12736356"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2120" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electronic_publishing">Electronic publishing</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2120" type="text/json">{"id":2120,"name":"Electronic publishing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electronic_publishing?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4527" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Africa">Africa</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4527" type="text/json">{"id":4527,"name":"Africa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Africa?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9815" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Developing_Countries">Developing Countries</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9815" type="text/json">{"id":9815,"name":"Developing Countries","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Developing_Countries?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12108" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China">China</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="12108" type="text/json">{"id":12108,"name":"China","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=12736356]'), work: {"id":12736356,"title":"Digital publishing in developing countries","created_at":"2015-06-01T17:27:25.897-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/12736356/Digital_publishing_in_developing_countries?f_ri=43838","dom_id":"work_12736356","summary":"E-books, print on demand, online sales sites, the boom in mobile phones… new technologies are profoundly transforming the way texts circulate. Developing countries, however, which face serious limitations in infrastructure, have a considerable challenge ahead of them.\r\n\r\nWhat new actors are emerging in the countries of the South, outside of the powerful platforms already existing in the US, Europe and Japan? Is it conceivable that there may be an autonomous evolution of digital publications in developing countries, entirely independent of the richest nations? What support policies could be implemented to promote the growth of this new industry and accompany traditional actors in the process of adapting to the changes involved?\r\n\r\nThe digital experiences undertaken in the South suggest that new technologies represent a great opportunity for developing countries – particularly in terms of diffusion –, but on the condition that local entrepreneurs seek out original models adapted to the concrete needs of their communities.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":37798924,"asset_id":12736356,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":26916090,"first_name":"Octavio","last_name":"Kulesz","domain_name":"uba","page_name":"OctavioKulesz","display_name":"Octavio Kulesz","profile_url":"https://uba.academia.edu/OctavioKulesz?f_ri=43838","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/26916090/7533909/29888187/s65_octavio.kulesz.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2120,"name":"Electronic publishing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electronic_publishing?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false},{"id":4527,"name":"Africa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Africa?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false},{"id":9815,"name":"Developing Countries","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Developing_Countries?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false},{"id":12108,"name":"China","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false},{"id":20601,"name":"Digital Publishing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Digital_Publishing?f_ri=43838"},{"id":41863,"name":"Russia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russia?f_ri=43838"},{"id":43838,"name":"India","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/India?f_ri=43838"},{"id":49550,"name":"Arab world","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arab_world?f_ri=43838"},{"id":56989,"name":"Latin America","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latin_America?f_ri=43838"},{"id":909177,"name":"Indian Publishing Industry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Publishing_Industry?f_ri=43838"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_17215027" data-work_id="17215027" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/17215027/Class_Struggle_the_Maoists_and_the_Indigenous_Question_in_Nepal_and_India">Class Struggle, the Maoists and the Indigenous Question in Nepal and India</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/17215027" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="056bdfd7973574af99fd6ae86f3db1f2" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":39373195,"asset_id":17215027,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/39373195/download_file?st=MTczMjc1NjY1MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="8657285" href="https://lse.academia.edu/AlpaShah">Alpa Shah</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="8657285" type="text/json">{"id":8657285,"first_name":"Alpa","last_name":"Shah","domain_name":"lse","page_name":"AlpaShah","display_name":"Alpa Shah","profile_url":"https://lse.academia.edu/AlpaShah?f_ri=43838","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8657285/4252239/4947540/s65_alpa.shah.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_17215027 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="17215027"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 17215027, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_17215027", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_17215027 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 17215027; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_17215027"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_17215027 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="17215027"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 17215027; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=17215027]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_17215027").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_17215027").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="17215027"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16946" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nepal">Nepal</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="16946" type="text/json">{"id":16946,"name":"Nepal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nepal?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="43838" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/India">India</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="43838" type="text/json">{"id":43838,"name":"India","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/India?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="65220" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Class_Struggle">Class Struggle</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="65220" type="text/json">{"id":65220,"name":"Class Struggle","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Class_Struggle?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="319943" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Maoists">Indian Maoists</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="319943" type="text/json">{"id":319943,"name":"Indian Maoists","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Maoists?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=17215027]'), work: {"id":17215027,"title":"Class Struggle, the Maoists and the Indigenous Question in Nepal and India","created_at":"2015-10-23T08:18:29.169-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/17215027/Class_Struggle_the_Maoists_and_the_Indigenous_Question_in_Nepal_and_India?f_ri=43838","dom_id":"work_17215027","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":39373195,"asset_id":17215027,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":8657285,"first_name":"Alpa","last_name":"Shah","domain_name":"lse","page_name":"AlpaShah","display_name":"Alpa Shah","profile_url":"https://lse.academia.edu/AlpaShah?f_ri=43838","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8657285/4252239/4947540/s65_alpa.shah.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":16946,"name":"Nepal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nepal?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false},{"id":43838,"name":"India","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/India?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false},{"id":65220,"name":"Class Struggle","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Class_Struggle?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false},{"id":319943,"name":"Indian Maoists","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Maoists?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_35220509" data-work_id="35220509" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/35220509/Indias_Diverse_Borders_and_Diverse_Threats">India's Diverse Borders and Diverse Threats</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">As India successfully positions itself as one of the core, influential nations of the world, its security scenario has become more vulnerable and complex. The roots of India's security challenges lie not only at the regional and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_35220509" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">As India successfully positions itself as one of the core, influential nations of the world, its security scenario has become more vulnerable and complex. The roots of India's security challenges lie not only at the regional and international levels but also from within. These threats can be dealt with by securing the borders efficiently. However, the borders of India and their associated problems, geographical, social and cultural, are vivid and varied. Each border receives a different kind of treatment in accordance with the existing mutual relationship across the border. If the border people cannot connect with the country's mainstream, national security is affected. Indian policymakers face a hard challenge to formulate an integrated policy for borderlands and borders. While there are many common cross-border issues, chiefly non-security threats, there are other cross-border issues which are border specific. Besides, soft approaches to economic and cultural cross-border interactions are beneficial. The border security approach focuses on defending the borders from various threats but the border management approach involves protecting the interests of the country across the border.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/35220509" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d484dd3aa200509e0dcf2313e32de5b0" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":55080181,"asset_id":35220509,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/55080181/download_file?st=MTczMjc1NjY1MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="125925" href="https://jnu.academia.edu/DrShreeshPathak">Dr. Shreesh K Pathak</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="125925" type="text/json">{"id":125925,"first_name":"Dr. Shreesh","last_name":"Pathak","domain_name":"jnu","page_name":"DrShreeshPathak","display_name":"Dr. Shreesh K Pathak","profile_url":"https://jnu.academia.edu/DrShreeshPathak?f_ri=43838","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/125925/33633/28520969/s65_dr._shreesh.pathak.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_35220509 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="35220509"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 35220509, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_35220509", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=35220509]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_35220509").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_35220509").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="35220509"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">25</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="128" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History">History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="128" type="text/json">{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="134" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modern_History">Modern History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="134" type="text/json">{"id":134,"name":"Modern History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modern_History?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="797" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations">International Relations</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="797" type="text/json">{"id":797,"name":"International Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2817" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Border_Studies">Border Studies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2817" type="text/json">{"id":2817,"name":"Border Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Border_Studies?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=35220509]'), work: {"id":35220509,"title":"India's Diverse Borders and Diverse Threats","created_at":"2017-11-22T04:16:05.789-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/35220509/Indias_Diverse_Borders_and_Diverse_Threats?f_ri=43838","dom_id":"work_35220509","summary":"As India successfully positions itself as one of the core, influential nations of the world, its security scenario has become more vulnerable and complex. The roots of India's security challenges lie not only at the regional and international levels but also from within. These threats can be dealt with by securing the borders efficiently. However, the borders of India and their associated problems, geographical, social and cultural, are vivid and varied. Each border receives a different kind of treatment in accordance with the existing mutual relationship across the border. If the border people cannot connect with the country's mainstream, national security is affected. Indian policymakers face a hard challenge to formulate an integrated policy for borderlands and borders. While there are many common cross-border issues, chiefly non-security threats, there are other cross-border issues which are border specific. Besides, soft approaches to economic and cultural cross-border interactions are beneficial. The border security approach focuses on defending the borders from various threats but the border management approach involves protecting the interests of the country across the border.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":55080181,"asset_id":35220509,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":125925,"first_name":"Dr. Shreesh","last_name":"Pathak","domain_name":"jnu","page_name":"DrShreeshPathak","display_name":"Dr. Shreesh K Pathak","profile_url":"https://jnu.academia.edu/DrShreeshPathak?f_ri=43838","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/125925/33633/28520969/s65_dr._shreesh.pathak.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false},{"id":134,"name":"Modern History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modern_History?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false},{"id":797,"name":"International 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Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Borderlands_Studies?f_ri=43838"},{"id":43838,"name":"India","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/India?f_ri=43838"},{"id":51382,"name":"Borders","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Borders?f_ri=43838"},{"id":59470,"name":"Borders and Frontiers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Borders_and_Frontiers?f_ri=43838"},{"id":103324,"name":"Borderlands","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Borderlands?f_ri=43838"},{"id":143715,"name":"Cross-Border Insolvency","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross-Border_Insolvency?f_ri=43838"},{"id":154588,"name":"Border Regions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Border_Regions?f_ri=43838"},{"id":158475,"name":"Border Security","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Border_Security?f_ri=43838"},{"id":227410,"name":"India-Pakistan Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/India-Pakistan_Relations?f_ri=43838"},{"id":249304,"name":"Borders and Borderlands","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Borders_and_Borderlands?f_ri=43838"},{"id":681218,"name":"India-Nepal Border Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/India-Nepal_Border_Management?f_ri=43838"},{"id":697646,"name":"India-Pakistan","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/India-Pakistan?f_ri=43838"},{"id":706878,"name":"India Bangladesh Border Movement ,trade,cooperation Between Two Countries","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/India_Bangladesh_Border_Movement_trade_cooperation_Between_Two_Countries?f_ri=43838"},{"id":973268,"name":"Border Trade","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Border_Trade?f_ri=43838"},{"id":1002649,"name":"Cross Border Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross_Border_Management?f_ri=43838"},{"id":2822814,"name":"India’s Maritime Diplomacy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/India_s_Maritime_Diplomacy?f_ri=43838"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_3267958" data-work_id="3267958" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/3267958/Towards_a_society_for_all_ages">Towards a society for all ages</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/3267958" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" 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description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=3267958]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_3267958").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_3267958").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="3267958"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">24</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="221" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology">Psychology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="221" type="text/json">{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="588" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nursing">Nursing</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="588" type="text/json">{"id":588,"name":"Nursing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nursing?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="617" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geriatrics">Geriatrics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="617" type="text/json">{"id":617,"name":"Geriatrics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geriatrics?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="940" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Work">Social Work</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="940" type="text/json">{"id":940,"name":"Social Work","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Work?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new 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Sacramento","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/PinazohernandisSacramento?f_ri=43838","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/426369/104102/123812/s65_pinazo-hernandis.sacramento.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false},{"id":588,"name":"Nursing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nursing?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false},{"id":617,"name":"Geriatrics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geriatrics?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false},{"id":940,"name":"Social Work","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Work?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false},{"id":981,"name":"Health Promotion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Promotion?f_ri=43838"},{"id":4990,"name":"Global Health","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Health?f_ri=43838"},{"id":5906,"name":"Prejudice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prejudice?f_ri=43838"},{"id":6617,"name":"United Nations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/United_Nations?f_ri=43838"},{"id":6697,"name":"Australia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Australia?f_ri=43838"},{"id":6791,"name":"Aging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aging?f_ri=43838"},{"id":11015,"name":"Social Support","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Support?f_ri=43838"},{"id":11417,"name":"Population Dynamics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Population_Dynamics?f_ri=43838"},{"id":12054,"name":"International Cooperation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Cooperation?f_ri=43838"},{"id":43838,"name":"India","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/India?f_ri=43838"},{"id":54279,"name":"Policy making","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Policy_making?f_ri=43838"},{"id":65981,"name":"Needs Assessment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Needs_Assessment?f_ri=43838"},{"id":244142,"name":"Intergenerational Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intergenerational_Relations?f_ri=43838"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=43838"},{"id":289271,"name":"Aged","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aged?f_ri=43838"},{"id":380315,"name":"Public Administration and Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Administration_and_Policy?f_ri=43838"},{"id":410370,"name":"Public health systems and services research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_health_systems_and_services_research-1?f_ri=43838"},{"id":988706,"name":"Health Priorities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Priorities?f_ri=43838"},{"id":1723635,"name":"Public Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Policy?f_ri=43838"},{"id":2060696,"name":"Health services for the aged","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_services_for_the_aged?f_ri=43838"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_24458145" data-work_id="24458145" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/24458145/Yoga_and_the_Body_Symposium">Yoga and the Body Symposium</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">We are organising a 2-day symposium on yoga and the body to be held at the Australian National University, Canberra. Here is the link to register: <a href="http://chl.anu.edu.au/news-events/events/658/yoga-and-body-past-and-present-symposium" rel="nofollow">http://chl.anu.edu.au/news-events/events/658/yoga-and-body-past-and-present-symposium</a>... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_24458145" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">We are organising a 2-day symposium on yoga and the body to be held at the Australian National University, Canberra. <br /><br />Here is the link to register: <a href="http://chl.anu.edu.au/news-events/events/658/yoga-and-body-past-and-present-symposium" rel="nofollow">http://chl.anu.edu.au/news-events/events/658/yoga-and-body-past-and-present-symposium</a><br /><br />Here is the link to download the flyer and schedule: <a href="https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B0ONiOO-EUx-c0w1ZnFQZ0pnWFE" 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work_12242442" data-work_id="12242442" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/12242442/Problems_and_Challenges_to_Adaptation_of_Gluten_Free_Diet_by_Indian_Patients_with_Celiac_Disease">Problems and Challenges to Adaptation of Gluten Free Diet by Indian Patients with Celiac Disease</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/12242442" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a 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data-has-card-for-ri="398" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleoanthropology">Paleoanthropology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="398" type="text/json">{"id":398,"name":"Paleoanthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Paleoanthropology?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="958" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Archaeology">Historical Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="958" type="text/json">{"id":958,"name":"Historical Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Archaeology?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1704" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bioarchaeology">Bioarchaeology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1704" 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Concentrated in short term, low-skill,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_36753924" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This report—including interviews with more than 331 workers employed in 32 factories that supply to H&M—documents the experiences of women garment workers at the base of H&M garment supply chains. Concentrated in short term, low-skill, and low-wage positions, they are at daily risk of gender based violence and harassment at work. <br /> <br />This new research documents sexual harassment and violence including physical violence, verbal abuse, coercion, threats and retaliation, and routine deprivations of liberty including forced overtime. The research also makes clear these are not isolated incidents and that gender based violence in the H&M garment supply chain is a direct result of how H&M conducts business. <br /> <br />Based upon analysis of the spectrum of gender based violence and associated risk factors in the garment industry, these reports include concrete recommendations for an ILO Convention to eliminate gender based violence and harassment in the world of work.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/36753924" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="0e7b995d51b1da0e346164c544b69556" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":56699822,"asset_id":36753924,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56699822/download_file?st=MTczMjc1NjY1MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2157661" href="https://new.academia.edu/ShikhaSillimanBhattacharjee">Shikha Silliman Bhattacharjee</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2157661" type="text/json">{"id":2157661,"first_name":"Shikha","last_name":"Silliman Bhattacharjee","domain_name":"new","page_name":"ShikhaSillimanBhattacharjee","display_name":"Shikha Silliman Bhattacharjee","profile_url":"https://new.academia.edu/ShikhaSillimanBhattacharjee?f_ri=43838","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2157661/697169/19374463/s65_shikha.silliman_bhattacharjee.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_36753924 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="36753924"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 36753924, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_36753924", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=36753924]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_36753924").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_36753924").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="36753924"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6814" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cambodia">Cambodia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="6814" type="text/json">{"id":6814,"name":"Cambodia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cambodia?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8783" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indonesia">Indonesia</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8783" type="text/json">{"id":8783,"name":"Indonesia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indonesia?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9850" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sri_Lanka">Sri Lanka</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9850" type="text/json">{"id":9850,"name":"Sri Lanka","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sri_Lanka?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="12471" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Violence_Against_Women">Violence Against Women</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="12471" type="text/json">{"id":12471,"name":"Violence Against Women","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Violence_Against_Women?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=36753924]'), work: {"id":36753924,"title":"Gender Based Violence in the H\u0026M Garment Supply Chain","created_at":"2018-05-31T07:43:12.446-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/36753924/Gender_Based_Violence_in_the_H_and_M_Garment_Supply_Chain?f_ri=43838","dom_id":"work_36753924","summary":"This report—including interviews with more than 331 workers employed in 32 factories that supply to H\u0026M—documents the experiences of women garment workers at the base of H\u0026M garment supply chains. 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But for many K-12 educators and the universities that prepare them, its emergence seemed sudden and rapid (Graham, 2006). Once it was here, online learning promised opportunities to take courses that were otherwise unavailable at traditional schools, including advanced courses and credit recovery. Online learning also offered the potential to reduce scheduling conflicts (Picciano, Seaman, Shea, & Swan, 2012). However, scholars have also sounded warnings about potential policy and practical challenges for students who need extra support for learning, including those with disabilities, in online envi</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/37446582" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="591e9c8e0c127f30f37ca4fd8b2f1935" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":57413648,"asset_id":37446582,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57413648/download_file?st=MTczMjc1NjY1MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="13933181" href="https://unm.academia.edu/MaryRice">Mary F Rice</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="13933181" type="text/json">{"id":13933181,"first_name":"Mary","last_name":"Rice","domain_name":"unm","page_name":"MaryRice","display_name":"Mary F Rice","profile_url":"https://unm.academia.edu/MaryRice?f_ri=43838","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/13933181/4194572/158858535/s65_mary.rice.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-37446582">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-37446582"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://olemiss.academia.edu/MarkDeschaine">Mark E Deschaine</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-37446582'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-37446582').html(); 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But for many K-12 educators and the universities that prepare them, its emergence seemed sudden and rapid (Graham, 2006). Once it was here, online learning promised opportunities to take courses that were otherwise unavailable at traditional schools, including advanced courses and credit recovery. Online learning also offered the potential to reduce scheduling conflicts (Picciano, Seaman, Shea, \u0026 Swan, 2012). However, scholars have also sounded warnings about potential policy and practical challenges for students who need extra support for learning, including those with disabilities, in online envi","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":57413648,"asset_id":37446582,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":13933181,"first_name":"Mary","last_name":"Rice","domain_name":"unm","page_name":"MaryRice","display_name":"Mary F Rice","profile_url":"https://unm.academia.edu/MaryRice?f_ri=43838","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/13933181/4194572/158858535/s65_mary.rice.jpg"},{"id":9232472,"first_name":"Mark","last_name":"Deschaine","domain_name":"olemiss","page_name":"MarkDeschaine","display_name":"Mark E Deschaine","profile_url":"https://olemiss.academia.edu/MarkDeschaine?f_ri=43838","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/9232472/15563538/16153264/s65_mark.deschaine.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1601,"name":"Teacher Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teacher_Education?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false},{"id":2260,"name":"Disability Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Disability_Studies?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false},{"id":15105,"name":"Universal Design for Learning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Universal_Design_for_Learning?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false},{"id":15869,"name":"Online Learning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Online_Learning?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false},{"id":17773,"name":"Teachers' professional development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teachers_professional_development-1?f_ri=43838"},{"id":24832,"name":"Blended Learning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Blended_Learning?f_ri=43838"},{"id":43838,"name":"India","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/India?f_ri=43838"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_33850019" data-work_id="33850019" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/33850019/The_politics_of_the_liturgy_in_the_Archdiocese_of_Bangalore">The politics of the liturgy in the Archdiocese of Bangalore</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This chapter examines two attempts at renewal in the Archdiocese of Bangalore, India – the adaptation of liturgical language to the local vernacular and "inculturation" of the form of liturgical expression into the local cultural context.... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_33850019" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This chapter examines two attempts at renewal in the Archdiocese of Bangalore, India – the adaptation of liturgical language to the local vernacular and "inculturation" of the form of liturgical expression into the local cultural context. It highlights the unintended consequences of these efforts, including conflicts and violence that persist to this day.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/33850019" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="cdd64385661528dfdbe9bf573edeb2a3" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":53830522,"asset_id":33850019,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53830522/download_file?st=MTczMjc1NjY1MSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="699683" href="https://cua.academia.edu/BrandonVaidyanathan">Brandon Vaidyanathan</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="699683" type="text/json">{"id":699683,"first_name":"Brandon","last_name":"Vaidyanathan","domain_name":"cua","page_name":"BrandonVaidyanathan","display_name":"Brandon Vaidyanathan","profile_url":"https://cua.academia.edu/BrandonVaidyanathan?f_ri=43838","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/699683/4973027/17649285/s65_brandon.vaidyanathan.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_33850019 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="33850019"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 33850019, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_33850019", }); 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It highlights the unintended consequences of these efforts, including conflicts and violence that persist to this day.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":53830522,"asset_id":33850019,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":699683,"first_name":"Brandon","last_name":"Vaidyanathan","domain_name":"cua","page_name":"BrandonVaidyanathan","display_name":"Brandon Vaidyanathan","profile_url":"https://cua.academia.edu/BrandonVaidyanathan?f_ri=43838","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/699683/4973027/17649285/s65_brandon.vaidyanathan.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":25885,"name":"Second Vatican Council","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Second_Vatican_Council?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false},{"id":43838,"name":"India","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/India?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false},{"id":158189,"name":"Catholic Church History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Catholic_Church_History?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false},{"id":196918,"name":"Bangalore","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bangalore?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_3126134" data-work_id="3126134" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/3126134/Psychology_and_the_Perennial_Philosophy_Studies_in_Comparative_Religion">Psychology and the Perennial Philosophy: Studies in Comparative Religion</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In order to better cope with the pressures and stresses of the current day, modern psychology is anxiously seeking to find new therapies to address the increasing disorders within the human psyche. In the process new fields of research,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_3126134" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In order to better cope with the pressures and stresses of the current day, modern psychology is anxiously seeking to find new therapies to address the increasing disorders within the human psyche. In the process new fields of research, such as humanistic and transpersonal psychology, curiously appear to borrow more and more from the wisdom of the ages. This volume, containing eighteen articles by noteworthy expositors of the perennial philosophy such as Huston Smith, Seyyed Hossein Nasr, and Frithjof Schuon, presents the spiritual psychology of the wisdom traditions as a much-needed antidote to the current impasse in modern psychology.<br /><br />Some Endorsements for Psychology and the Perennial Philosophy:<br /><br />“[Psychology and the Perennial Philosophy] is more than an anthology. It is a wisely crafted collection of classic and contemporary scholarship noting that what many are seeking is what has always been, a perennial philosophy, that remains foundational. As one of the authors, Tage Lindbom, properly notes, ‘Secularization is a fish in troubled waters.’ This book claims the waters and is essential reading for all those who may have forgotten or are simply ignorant of the rich foundation provided by the perennial philosophy.”<br />—Ralph W. Hood, Professor of Psychology at the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, past president of the Psychology of Religion division of the American Psychological Association, co-founder of The International Journal for the Psychology of Religion and co-author of The Psychology of Religion<br /><br />“A necessary and bracing critique of the assumptions and limitations of contemporary Western psychology, this generous volume is also a passionate call and learned guide towards a truer perspective that embraces man's spiritual nature.”<br />—Gabor Maté, M.D., and author of In the Realm of Hungry Ghosts: Close Encounters with Addiction <br /><br />“Knowing the nature of the mind is perhaps the most difficult undertaking, especially in today’s world. To comprehend the nature of mind one needs to turn to the domain of religion and spirituality. Yet the truth of the mind and its complexity cannot explicitly be defined in words. Inner or transcendent wisdom sees the mind’s own nature without the duality of the seer. Suchness (tathatā) of mind is only experiential and not expressible. The words used to describe thought are themselves a product of thought, which is conditioned and limited. Thus, differences and contradictions are unavoidable. Therefore, a comparative study of different viewpoints and commentaries is immensely important to awaken the inner intelligence to see the mind as it is. Psychology and the Perennial Philosophy: Studies in Comparative Religion edited by Samuel Bendeck Sotillos is an outstanding effort in this direction.”<br />—Samdhong Rinpoche, former Prime Minister (Kalon Tripa) of the Tibetan Government-in-exile, author of Uncompromising Truth for a Compromised World: Tibetan Buddhism and Today’s World <br /><br />“The rise of psychology has impacted the study and practice of spirituality, the experiences and attitudes relevant to ultimate human values that transcend ordinary behavior. Each chapter of this remarkable book demonstrates this interaction in a unique and provocative way. But rather than using psychology to reduce and ‘psychologize’ spiritual topics, its authors demonstrate how directives from the spiritual traditions can enhance and even illuminate the enduring importance of psychology in the 21st century.”<br />—Stanley Krippner, Saybrook University, co-author of Spiritual Dimensions of Healing <br /><br />“The work at hand is a thinking and debating man’s delight. If you have any interest at all in attempting to include an educated and enlightened view of man’s higher functions in your purview of the world, you will learn from and enjoy this collection of essays. If you already have some knowledge in this area, brace yourself: you may see some of your favorites sharply criticized. A thought-provoking work.”<br />—Bruce W. Scotton, University of California, San Francisco, co-editor of Textbook of Transpersonal Psychiatry and Psychology <br /><br />“This book, superbly edited by Samuel Bendeck Sotillos, is a masterful critique of the field of psychology and its loss of the sacred ground in which it once was rooted. It offers depth psychologists an opportunity to contemplate timeless truths echoed through the centuries by perennial philosophers who have always claimed psyche is subordinate to Spirit. Although ignored in depth psychology’s early years due to prejudice and lack of understanding, this is a message today’s psychotherapists must take seriously. Human beings need a deeper and wider transpersonal vision of who and what we are, which the saints and sages of the world’s spiritual traditions have always pointed to. In psychotherapy with a therapist committed to such a vision, patients penetrate into their unconscious depths and not infrequently awaken to the Ground of all Being. Their suffering itself occurred because they had turned away from Spirit. Above all, this volume passionately calls upon depth psychology to remember its origin in the perennial wisdom at the core of the great religions. There is something of a polemic in these pages. It deserves to be considered by depth psychologists of all persuasions.” <br />—Bryan Wittine, Transpersonal psychologist and Jungian psychoanalyst <br /><br />“This anthology from Samuel Bendeck Sotillos is a must reference for anyone who is interested in psychology and its relationship to spirituality, and in developing an inclusive dialogue between disciplines that favor an integral outlook on the person and his or her potential. Selections in this anthology will inspire us to reexamine the metaphysical underpinnings of psychology, and remind us how important it is to rise above science’s attempt to reduce the human being to an epistemic object.”<br />—Sangeetha Menon, National Institute of Advanced Studies (Bangalore, India), Board Member of the International Transpersonal Association (ITA), author of The Beyond Experience: Consciousness in Bhagavad Gita <br /><br />“This anthology has some of the most discerning essays and reviews on spirituality and psychology, which provide much-needed care and caution to all those engaged in bringing them together or who wish to do so in future. Therefore, it is a must-read for all those who teach, research, consult, or study in such frontier areas as transpersonal psychology, states of consciousness, mind-body relation, holistic health, Indian psychology, and so on. It will be an invaluable textbook for courses in these and other related areas. I congratulate the editor of the book.”<br />—Kiran Kumar K. Salagame, University of Mysore (India), Board Member of the International Transpersonal Association (ITA), author of The Psychology of Meditation: A Contextual Approach <br /><br />“One of the finest collections of essays on the Perennial Philosophy—a must-read for all psychologists who are engaged with spirituality and transpersonal psychology. The essays which critique modern psychology (including transpersonal psychology, and the framework of Carl Jung), in the light of the Perennial Philosophy are a revelation and make compelling reading. The book serves as a corrective to the excesses of modern psychology, and to this end Sotillos has done a commendable job. I for one will include the book in some of the graduate courses that I teach.”<br />—Suneet Varma, University of Delhi, co-editor of Foundations of Indian Psychology <br /><br />“To its credit modern science by-and-large is becoming more cognizant of the essential connection between spirituality and psychological health and well-being and most of all its positive implications within the field of psychology. While there is ample data to document this in a plethora of academic journals and books, this new book Psychology and the Perennial Philosophy adds a novel contribution to the dialogue between psychology and spirituality, which captures many nuances that for the most part go unnoticed within these discussions, and last but not least, it provides a keen eye of discernment to understand this intricate relationship on a deeper level that is crucially needed. This work will be a valuable asset to students and long term mental health practitioners and professors alike who seek to better understand the relationship between psychology and spirituality.”<br />—Harold G. Koenig, Duke University, Director of the Center for Spirituality, Theology and Health, co-author of The Handbook of Religion and Health</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/3126134" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e50bf1ab3caa4683a02a28096fbd5474" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":99206902,"asset_id":3126134,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/99206902/download_file?st=MTczMjc1NjY1Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2316045" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SamuelBendeckSotillos">Samuel Bendeck Sotillos</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2316045" type="text/json">{"id":2316045,"first_name":"Samuel","last_name":"Bendeck Sotillos","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SamuelBendeckSotillos","display_name":"Samuel Bendeck Sotillos","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SamuelBendeckSotillos?f_ri=43838","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2316045/1097554/28540525/s65_samuel.bendeck_sotillos.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_3126134 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="3126134"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 3126134, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_3126134", }); 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In the process new fields of research, such as humanistic and transpersonal psychology, curiously appear to borrow more and more from the wisdom of the ages. This volume, containing eighteen articles by noteworthy expositors of the perennial philosophy such as Huston Smith, Seyyed Hossein Nasr, and Frithjof Schuon, presents the spiritual psychology of the wisdom traditions as a much-needed antidote to the current impasse in modern psychology.\n\nSome Endorsements for Psychology and the Perennial Philosophy:\n\n“[Psychology and the Perennial Philosophy] is more than an anthology. It is a wisely crafted collection of classic and contemporary scholarship noting that what many are seeking is what has always been, a perennial philosophy, that remains foundational. As one of the authors, Tage Lindbom, properly notes, ‘Secularization is a fish in troubled waters.’ This book claims the waters and is essential reading for all those who may have forgotten or are simply ignorant of the rich foundation provided by the perennial philosophy.”\n—Ralph W. Hood, Professor of Psychology at the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, past president of the Psychology of Religion division of the American Psychological Association, co-founder of The International Journal for the Psychology of Religion and co-author of The Psychology of Religion\n\n“A necessary and bracing critique of the assumptions and limitations of contemporary Western psychology, this generous volume is also a passionate call and learned guide towards a truer perspective that embraces man's spiritual nature.”\n—Gabor Maté, M.D., and author of In the Realm of Hungry Ghosts: Close Encounters with Addiction \n\n“Knowing the nature of the mind is perhaps the most difficult undertaking, especially in today’s world. To comprehend the nature of mind one needs to turn to the domain of religion and spirituality. Yet the truth of the mind and its complexity cannot explicitly be defined in words. Inner or transcendent wisdom sees the mind’s own nature without the duality of the seer. Suchness (tathatā) of mind is only experiential and not expressible. The words used to describe thought are themselves a product of thought, which is conditioned and limited. Thus, differences and contradictions are unavoidable. Therefore, a comparative study of different viewpoints and commentaries is immensely important to awaken the inner intelligence to see the mind as it is. Psychology and the Perennial Philosophy: Studies in Comparative Religion edited by Samuel Bendeck Sotillos is an outstanding effort in this direction.”\n—Samdhong Rinpoche, former Prime Minister (Kalon Tripa) of the Tibetan Government-in-exile, author of Uncompromising Truth for a Compromised World: Tibetan Buddhism and Today’s World \n\n“The rise of psychology has impacted the study and practice of spirituality, the experiences and attitudes relevant to ultimate human values that transcend ordinary behavior. Each chapter of this remarkable book demonstrates this interaction in a unique and provocative way. But rather than using psychology to reduce and ‘psychologize’ spiritual topics, its authors demonstrate how directives from the spiritual traditions can enhance and even illuminate the enduring importance of psychology in the 21st century.”\n—Stanley Krippner, Saybrook University, co-author of Spiritual Dimensions of Healing \n\n“The work at hand is a thinking and debating man’s delight. If you have any interest at all in attempting to include an educated and enlightened view of man’s higher functions in your purview of the world, you will learn from and enjoy this collection of essays. If you already have some knowledge in this area, brace yourself: you may see some of your favorites sharply criticized. A thought-provoking work.”\n—Bruce W. Scotton, University of California, San Francisco, co-editor of Textbook of Transpersonal Psychiatry and Psychology \n\n“This book, superbly edited by Samuel Bendeck Sotillos, is a masterful critique of the field of psychology and its loss of the sacred ground in which it once was rooted. It offers depth psychologists an opportunity to contemplate timeless truths echoed through the centuries by perennial philosophers who have always claimed psyche is subordinate to Spirit. Although ignored in depth psychology’s early years due to prejudice and lack of understanding, this is a message today’s psychotherapists must take seriously. Human beings need a deeper and wider transpersonal vision of who and what we are, which the saints and sages of the world’s spiritual traditions have always pointed to. In psychotherapy with a therapist committed to such a vision, patients penetrate into their unconscious depths and not infrequently awaken to the Ground of all Being. Their suffering itself occurred because they had turned away from Spirit. Above all, this volume passionately calls upon depth psychology to remember its origin in the perennial wisdom at the core of the great religions. There is something of a polemic in these pages. It deserves to be considered by depth psychologists of all persuasions.” \n—Bryan Wittine, Transpersonal psychologist and Jungian psychoanalyst \n\n“This anthology from Samuel Bendeck Sotillos is a must reference for anyone who is interested in psychology and its relationship to spirituality, and in developing an inclusive dialogue between disciplines that favor an integral outlook on the person and his or her potential. Selections in this anthology will inspire us to reexamine the metaphysical underpinnings of psychology, and remind us how important it is to rise above science’s attempt to reduce the human being to an epistemic object.”\n—Sangeetha Menon, National Institute of Advanced Studies (Bangalore, India), Board Member of the International Transpersonal Association (ITA), author of The Beyond Experience: Consciousness in Bhagavad Gita \n\n“This anthology has some of the most discerning essays and reviews on spirituality and psychology, which provide much-needed care and caution to all those engaged in bringing them together or who wish to do so in future. Therefore, it is a must-read for all those who teach, research, consult, or study in such frontier areas as transpersonal psychology, states of consciousness, mind-body relation, holistic health, Indian psychology, and so on. It will be an invaluable textbook for courses in these and other related areas. I congratulate the editor of the book.”\n—Kiran Kumar K. Salagame, University of Mysore (India), Board Member of the International Transpersonal Association (ITA), author of The Psychology of Meditation: A Contextual Approach \n\n“One of the finest collections of essays on the Perennial Philosophy—a must-read for all psychologists who are engaged with spirituality and transpersonal psychology. The essays which critique modern psychology (including transpersonal psychology, and the framework of Carl Jung), in the light of the Perennial Philosophy are a revelation and make compelling reading. The book serves as a corrective to the excesses of modern psychology, and to this end Sotillos has done a commendable job. I for one will include the book in some of the graduate courses that I teach.”\n—Suneet Varma, University of Delhi, co-editor of Foundations of Indian Psychology \n\n“To its credit modern science by-and-large is becoming more cognizant of the essential connection between spirituality and psychological health and well-being and most of all its positive implications within the field of psychology. While there is ample data to document this in a plethora of academic journals and books, this new book Psychology and the Perennial Philosophy adds a novel contribution to the dialogue between psychology and spirituality, which captures many nuances that for the most part go unnoticed within these discussions, and last but not least, it provides a keen eye of discernment to understand this intricate relationship on a deeper level that is crucially needed. This work will be a valuable asset to students and long term mental health practitioners and professors alike who seek to better understand the relationship between psychology and spirituality.”\n—Harold G. Koenig, Duke University, Director of the Center for Spirituality, Theology and Health, co-author of The Handbook of Religion and Health ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":99206902,"asset_id":3126134,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2316045,"first_name":"Samuel","last_name":"Bendeck Sotillos","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SamuelBendeckSotillos","display_name":"Samuel Bendeck Sotillos","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SamuelBendeckSotillos?f_ri=43838","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2316045/1097554/28540525/s65_samuel.bendeck_sotillos.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":106,"name":"Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false},{"id":120,"name":"New Religious Movements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/New_Religious_Movements?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false},{"id":122,"name":"Comparative 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(1908-1984)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Titus_Burckhardt_1908-1984_?f_ri=43838"},{"id":2838980,"name":"Parabola: Myth, Tradition, and the Search for Meaning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Parabola_Myth_Tradition_and_the_Search_for_Meaning?f_ri=43838"},{"id":2839062,"name":"Sanātana Dharma","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/San%C4%81tana_Dharma?f_ri=43838"},{"id":2857941,"name":"Intellect (Intellectus)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intellect_Intellectus_?f_ri=43838"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_50814152" data-work_id="50814152" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/50814152/Beastly_identification_in_India_The_government_of_big_cats_in_the_Anthropocene">Beastly identification in India: The government of big cats in the Anthropocene</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">How does a big cat in India come to be identified as the one guilty of preying on humans? Indian conservationist law stipulates that the big cat must be identified before it is hunted down. But as I demonstrate ethnographically, there is... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_50814152" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">How does a big cat in India come to be identified as the one guilty of preying on humans? Indian conservationist law stipulates that the big cat must be identified before it is hunted down. But as I demonstrate ethnographically, there is no possible means of establishing the correct identity of a big cat before it is killed. Through an account of the impossibility of beastly identification, this article demonstrates the limits of both bureaucratic action and conservation in the government of big cats. What operates, instead, is a form of knowing the nonhuman Other, a knowing that is localized, personalized, affective, and momentary. Such forms of knowledge and living-besides are called for by the Anthropocene. Indeed, an analytic potential of the Anthropocene lies in rendering untenable the continual disciplinary sequestering of the nonhuman and environmental from the political, bureaucratic, and legal.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/50814152" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3fb224e0f1b1ed123109740261459b02" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":68680131,"asset_id":50814152,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/68680131/download_file?st=MTczMjc1NjY1Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="57428" href="https://oxford.academia.edu/NayanikaMathur">Nayanika Mathur</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="57428" type="text/json">{"id":57428,"first_name":"Nayanika","last_name":"Mathur","domain_name":"oxford","page_name":"NayanikaMathur","display_name":"Nayanika Mathur","profile_url":"https://oxford.academia.edu/NayanikaMathur?f_ri=43838","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/57428/678669/28528537/s65_nayanika.mathur.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_50814152 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="50814152"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 50814152, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_50814152", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=50814152]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_50814152").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_50814152").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="50814152"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="767" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology">Anthropology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="767" type="text/json">{"id":767,"name":"Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1512" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change">Climate Change</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1512" type="text/json">{"id":1512,"name":"Climate Change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3558" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_Asian_Studies">South Asian Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3558" type="text/json">{"id":3558,"name":"South Asian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_Asian_Studies?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5167" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Governance">Governance</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="5167" type="text/json">{"id":5167,"name":"Governance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Governance?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=50814152]'), work: {"id":50814152,"title":"Beastly identification in India: The government of big cats in the Anthropocene","created_at":"2021-08-10T02:12:11.356-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/50814152/Beastly_identification_in_India_The_government_of_big_cats_in_the_Anthropocene?f_ri=43838","dom_id":"work_50814152","summary":"How does a big cat in India come to be identified as the one guilty of preying on humans? Indian conservationist law stipulates that the big cat must be identified before it is hunted down. But as I demonstrate ethnographically, there is no possible means of establishing the correct identity of a big cat before it is killed. Through an account of the impossibility of beastly identification, this article demonstrates the limits of both bureaucratic action and conservation in the government of big cats. What operates, instead, is a form of knowing the nonhuman Other, a knowing that is localized, personalized, affective, and momentary. Such forms of knowledge and living-besides are called for by the Anthropocene. Indeed, an analytic potential of the Anthropocene lies in rendering untenable the continual disciplinary sequestering of the nonhuman and environmental from the political, bureaucratic, and legal.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":68680131,"asset_id":50814152,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":57428,"first_name":"Nayanika","last_name":"Mathur","domain_name":"oxford","page_name":"NayanikaMathur","display_name":"Nayanika Mathur","profile_url":"https://oxford.academia.edu/NayanikaMathur?f_ri=43838","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/57428/678669/28528537/s65_nayanika.mathur.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":767,"name":"Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false},{"id":1512,"name":"Climate Change","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Climate_Change?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false},{"id":3558,"name":"South Asian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_Asian_Studies?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false},{"id":5167,"name":"Governance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Governance?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false},{"id":43838,"name":"India","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/India?f_ri=43838"},{"id":62758,"name":"Multispecies Ethnography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multispecies_Ethnography?f_ri=43838"},{"id":78388,"name":"Bureaucracy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bureaucracy?f_ri=43838"},{"id":149474,"name":"Anthropocene","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropocene?f_ri=43838"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_42022967" data-work_id="42022967" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/42022967/Indian_Diaspora_as_an_instrument_of_Indias_soft_power">Indian Diaspora as an instrument of India's soft power</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/42022967" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="14d8c8458315ffb35f88e98b3bc0c7ae" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":62148579,"asset_id":42022967,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/62148579/download_file?st=MTczMjc1NjY1Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2569908" href="https://jnu.academia.edu/AmbaPande">Amba Pande</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2569908" type="text/json">{"id":2569908,"first_name":"Amba","last_name":"Pande","domain_name":"jnu","page_name":"AmbaPande","display_name":"Amba Pande","profile_url":"https://jnu.academia.edu/AmbaPande?f_ri=43838","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2569908/804167/13846646/s65_amba.pande.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_42022967 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="42022967"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 42022967, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_42022967", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=42022967]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_42022967").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_42022967").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="42022967"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="797" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations">International Relations</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="797" type="text/json">{"id":797,"name":"International Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2937" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diasporas">Diasporas</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2937" type="text/json">{"id":2937,"name":"Diasporas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diasporas?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15567" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diaspora_Studies">Diaspora Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="15567" type="text/json">{"id":15567,"name":"Diaspora Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diaspora_Studies?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28115" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_Asian_Diasporas">South Asian Diasporas</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="28115" type="text/json">{"id":28115,"name":"South Asian Diasporas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_Asian_Diasporas?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=42022967]'), work: {"id":42022967,"title":"Indian Diaspora as an instrument of India's soft power","created_at":"2020-02-20T01:12:35.118-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/42022967/Indian_Diaspora_as_an_instrument_of_Indias_soft_power?f_ri=43838","dom_id":"work_42022967","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":62148579,"asset_id":42022967,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2569908,"first_name":"Amba","last_name":"Pande","domain_name":"jnu","page_name":"AmbaPande","display_name":"Amba Pande","profile_url":"https://jnu.academia.edu/AmbaPande?f_ri=43838","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2569908/804167/13846646/s65_amba.pande.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":797,"name":"International Relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Relations?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false},{"id":2937,"name":"Diasporas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diasporas?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false},{"id":15567,"name":"Diaspora Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Diaspora_Studies?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false},{"id":28115,"name":"South Asian Diasporas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_Asian_Diasporas?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false},{"id":43838,"name":"India","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/India?f_ri=43838"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_35224195" data-work_id="35224195" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/35224195/Social_Justice_through_Inclusion_The_Consequences_of_Electoral_Quotas_in_India">Social Justice through Inclusion: The Consequences of Electoral Quotas in India</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Across the world, governments design and implement policies with the explicit goal of promoting social justice. But can such institutions change entrenched social norms? And what effects should we expect from differently designed... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_35224195" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Across the world, governments design and implement policies with the explicit goal of promoting social justice. But can such institutions change entrenched social norms? And what effects should we expect from differently designed policies? This book is an empirically rich study of one of the most extensive electoral quota systems in the world: the reserved seats for the Scheduled Castes (SCs, the former “untouchables”) in India’s legislative assemblies. Combining evidence from extensive quantitative datasets, archival work, and in-depth interviews with politicians, civil servants, activists, and voters across India, the book explores the long-term effects of electoral quotas for the political elite and the general population. It shows that the quotas for SCs have played an important role in improving social justice for SCs in some ways, primarily by weakening the status hierarchy associated with the caste system. The extent and nature of the gains in social justice have not, however, been what all advocates of these quotas had expected or hoped for. This is a study of India, but the findings and discussions have broader implications. Policies such as quotas are usually supported with arguments about various assumed positive long-term consequences. The nuanced discussions in this book shed light on the trade-offs inherent in how these policies are designed, and lays the groundwork for a comparative research agenda on the politics of inclusion.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/35224195" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9eb0e556afd812aa5aa88232d4d51b4a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":55083887,"asset_id":35224195,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/55083887/download_file?st=MTczMjc1NjY1Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="22229622" href="https://uio.academia.edu/FrancescaJensenius">Francesca R Jensenius</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="22229622" type="text/json">{"id":22229622,"first_name":"Francesca","last_name":"Jensenius","domain_name":"uio","page_name":"FrancescaJensenius","display_name":"Francesca R Jensenius","profile_url":"https://uio.academia.edu/FrancescaJensenius?f_ri=43838","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/22229622/6838463/11044649/s65_francesca.jensenius.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_35224195 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="35224195"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 35224195, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_35224195", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=35224195]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_35224195").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_35224195").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="35224195"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">16</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="796" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Politics">Comparative Politics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="796" type="text/json">{"id":796,"name":"Comparative Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Politics?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2592" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Rights">Human Rights</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2592" type="text/json">{"id":2592,"name":"Human Rights","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Rights?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3389" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_studies">Indian studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3389" type="text/json">{"id":3389,"name":"Indian studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_studies?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7554" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Constitutional_Law">Comparative Constitutional Law</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="7554" type="text/json">{"id":7554,"name":"Comparative Constitutional Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Constitutional_Law?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=35224195]'), work: {"id":35224195,"title":"Social Justice through Inclusion: The Consequences of Electoral Quotas in India","created_at":"2017-11-22T10:34:15.528-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/35224195/Social_Justice_through_Inclusion_The_Consequences_of_Electoral_Quotas_in_India?f_ri=43838","dom_id":"work_35224195","summary":"Across the world, governments design and implement policies with the explicit goal of promoting social justice. But can such institutions change entrenched social norms? And what effects should we expect from differently designed policies? This book is an empirically rich study of one of the most extensive electoral quota systems in the world: the reserved seats for the Scheduled Castes (SCs, the former “untouchables”) in India’s legislative assemblies. Combining evidence from extensive quantitative datasets, archival work, and in-depth interviews with politicians, civil servants, activists, and voters across India, the book explores the long-term effects of electoral quotas for the political elite and the general population. It shows that the quotas for SCs have played an important role in improving social justice for SCs in some ways, primarily by weakening the status hierarchy associated with the caste system. The extent and nature of the gains in social justice have not, however, been what all advocates of these quotas had expected or hoped for. This is a study of India, but the findings and discussions have broader implications. Policies such as quotas are usually supported with arguments about various assumed positive long-term consequences. The nuanced discussions in this book shed light on the trade-offs inherent in how these policies are designed, and lays the groundwork for a comparative research agenda on the politics of inclusion.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":55083887,"asset_id":35224195,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":22229622,"first_name":"Francesca","last_name":"Jensenius","domain_name":"uio","page_name":"FrancescaJensenius","display_name":"Francesca R Jensenius","profile_url":"https://uio.academia.edu/FrancescaJensenius?f_ri=43838","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/22229622/6838463/11044649/s65_francesca.jensenius.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":796,"name":"Comparative Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Politics?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false},{"id":2592,"name":"Human Rights","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Rights?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false},{"id":3389,"name":"Indian studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_studies?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false},{"id":7554,"name":"Comparative Constitutional Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Constitutional_Law?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false},{"id":12626,"name":"Electoral Systems","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Electoral_Systems?f_ri=43838"},{"id":19672,"name":"Indian Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Politics?f_ri=43838"},{"id":30160,"name":"Minority Rights","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Minority_Rights?f_ri=43838"},{"id":43838,"name":"India","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/India?f_ri=43838"},{"id":69711,"name":"Indian Government and Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Government_and_Politics?f_ri=43838"},{"id":94804,"name":"Gender Quotas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_Quotas?f_ri=43838"},{"id":146119,"name":"Dalits","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dalits?f_ri=43838"},{"id":328363,"name":"Dalits in India","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dalits_in_India?f_ri=43838"},{"id":483735,"name":"government schemes for Scheduled Castes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/government_schemes_for_Scheduled_Castes?f_ri=43838"},{"id":550890,"name":"Dalits and Adivasis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dalits_and_Adivasis?f_ri=43838"},{"id":997253,"name":"Representation and Quotas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Representation_and_Quotas?f_ri=43838"},{"id":1146636,"name":"Scheduled Castes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scheduled_Castes?f_ri=43838"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_32461384" data-work_id="32461384" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/32461384/Heroization_and_International_Reception_of_Mithila_Paintings_Constructing_Women_Painters_Figure_in_William_s_Archer_s_and_Yves_V%C3%A9quaud_s_Writings">Heroization and International Reception of Mithila Paintings Constructing Women (Painters) Figure in William’s Archer’s and Yves Véquaud’s Writings</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Derived from Maithil practices and festivals and assumed to protect the household, the Madhubani Paintings spread since the 1960s in India and abroad. Transferred on paper in order to be commercialized, they undergo important changes. I... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_32461384" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Derived from Maithil practices and festivals and assumed to protect the household, the Madhubani Paintings spread since the 1960s in India and abroad. Transferred on paper in order to be commercialized, they undergo important changes. I will focus on the reception history of Mithila paintings through two Western mediators, who each declared themselves to be the discoverers of these paintings: one is British, William Archer (1907- 1979); the other French, Yves Véquaud (1938-2000). They bear witness to an international reception which underlines a particular aspect of the worldwide connected and shared histories of Bihar. <br />After being appointed officer of the Indian Civil Service in Bihar, Archer publishes in 1949 the article “Maithil Painting”. This is a first moment in the reception history of these paintings. His writings show a universal aesthetic, based on psychoanalyze, surrealism and an organic vision of art. <br />The hippie “counter-culture” renews enchanted orientalist and romantic visions of a South Asian universe presumed to be spiritual, pantheist and sensorial. Followed on the heels of the sixties, indophily appears a particularly favourable, moment - or kairos - in the reception of Maithil works. It parallels the internationalization of its actors: Erika Moser Schmitt in Germany, Tokio Hasegawa in Japan, Raymond and Naomi Owens as well as David Szanton in United States and Yves Véquaud in France. The writings of the latter mingled an aptitude to capture the “air du temps” with a real interest in India and adhered to the values of the counter-culture. He is today mostly known for his essays on Mithila paintings. The Mithila Art is published in 1976, then translated in 1977 into English and German. In 1974, he co-directed the documentary Mithila. During a period of about ten years, he exhibited his collection of Mithila paintings in France and abroad (in particular in Paris, Musée de l’Homme, Musée des arts Décoratifs...). <br />In 1970, Véquaud discovered the Mithila paintings in New-Delhi thanks to the museologist Ratna Fabri. He remained in India for two years, went to Madhubani and met some village painters. In his writings, the Maithil women painters are presented as charismatic figures, between holiness and genius. In 1973, Sita Devi “appears to him as a saint”, withdrawn from the world, “in a inner-peace and trust refuge which nothing could disturb". From the author’s standpoint, the talent of these painters, neo-tantric muses presumed to create only when in a yogic state, is compared with that of an exorcist. This vision of the prophetic artist, fluctuating between the christic figure of the saviour and the holy icon, also bears witness to the transformation of the status of the artist since the 19th Century in the West and to the appearance of a ”vocational regime” (Nathalie Heinich). These charismatic figures call to mind the appearance of a conception of the artist as the author of innovative works, and living a singular life. Like Braque and Rouault, the Maithil women painters would so be transformed into figures of legend, likely to guide the work of their followers in their efforts to become an artist. These prophetic artists would become a modern incarnation of holiness. In 1968, Yves Véquaud describes Mozart and Van Gogh as saints, whose example overwhelms. From his standpoint, the prophetic Maithil artists are devoid of the overwhelming heroization that affects Western artists. They would correspond to his promotion of creative spontaneity and a present freed from the burden of the past, in quest of eternal moments. <br />In Yves Véquaud’s conception, the women painters swing between an ideal of devout humility and religious immortality. In 1973, Sita Devi is described as the one who “knew all the honours” and yet remained “humble and loving”. From the westernized standpoint of Véquaud, the artistic success of Maithil painters may be explained by their desire for singularity and timelessness in their results. This involves both the personalization of means, namely the invention of new paths, as well as the depersonalization of the ends of the success, namely the creation of objects crystallizing values recognized beyond the author. This contingency was traditionally reserved for saints and heroes. <br />His admiration for these artists assumed an almost devotional character. Following the example of the canonization of Western art, Yves Véquaud established a relationship between the Maithil pictorial phenomenon and a religious phenomenon, the neo-tantrism. His behaviour was almost that of a believer. He set up his exhibitions with a nearly sacerdotal and proselytizing diligence. His hermeneutics of the works is almost theological. The conditions in which the paintings were produced has been neglected. The art of Mithila is described as a (wedding) liturgy ; the paintbrush becomes the tool of prayer. The biographies of the painters appear as a “golden legend”. Nevertheless, these exegeses underline the effective ritual dimension of these paintings. Maithil art became the sphere onto which he projected the expectations traditionally assumed by the religion. It is no longer the instrument, but the object of the sacralization. Sanctified with the admiration of Yves Véquaud, the painters were not “acknowledged by the ecclesiastical authorities”: it concords with the informal religiosity of the author. He thus put forward an essentialized vision of Mithila paintings. Perhaps it represented also an attempt to sublimate his own artistic failures by projecting onto fantasized painters an imaginary solution to a melancholy situation: giving up novelistic publications, whether due to lack of inspiration or to editorial refusals. His neo-tantric vision of Mithila paintings resulted from the kairos of the hippie phase previously evoked. <br />Yet in 1994 India Served and Observed, the memoirs posthumously published by William Archer and his spouse, Mildred, put forward a fanciful account about the discovery of Mithila paintings, marked with a Flower Power sensitivity : it stays in-between the construction of a storytelling and an aesthetic emotion, which is a posteriori inflamed. To seize the proclaimed strong and valued discourses of the moment on South-Asia is equivalent to a re-enchantment of Archer’s writings. This work builds itself in resonance with Véquaud’s one. Thus in this new narrative about the discovery of Mithila paintings, the meeting with the paintings and the painters is described as simultaneously exalted and distanced, but sublimated by aesthetic emotion. A narrative play takes shape wavering between desire and repression. According to their words, "in these murals we somehow electrically met". <br />I will analyzed in what extent these idealized works and their women heroized figures could be situated in the social context of the “counter-culture” and the hippie movement, foreseeing the globalization of Mithila paintings in the 1990s : since then some maithil artists free themselves from categories of gender, caste and local belonging. The appearance of painters men in Mithila, motivated in particular by the prospect of profits, polls gender categories associated to a practice for a long time exclusively feminine. Simultaneously some researchers deconstruct this essentialized tradition. They expound Archer’s and Vequaud's interpretations as an hegemonic discourse constituted from masculine canons.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/32461384" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d59216974fcb746ae9fc0af2b90ab81f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":52650124,"asset_id":32461384,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/52650124/download_file?st=MTczMjc1NjY1Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="27301461" href="https://campus-paris-saclay.academia.edu/H%C3%A9l%C3%A8neFleury">Hélène Fleury</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="27301461" type="text/json">{"id":27301461,"first_name":"Hélène","last_name":"Fleury","domain_name":"campus-paris-saclay","page_name":"HélèneFleury","display_name":"Hélène Fleury","profile_url":"https://campus-paris-saclay.academia.edu/H%C3%A9l%C3%A8neFleury?f_ri=43838","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/27301461/7754209/15783926/s65_h_l_ne.fleury.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_32461384 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="32461384"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 32461384, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_32461384", }); 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Transferred on paper in order to be commercialized, they undergo important changes. I will focus on the reception history of Mithila paintings through two Western mediators, who each declared themselves to be the discoverers of these paintings: one is British, William Archer (1907- 1979); the other French, Yves Véquaud (1938-2000). They bear witness to an international reception which underlines a particular aspect of the worldwide connected and shared histories of Bihar. \nAfter being appointed officer of the Indian Civil Service in Bihar, Archer publishes in 1949 the article “Maithil Painting”. This is a first moment in the reception history of these paintings. His writings show a universal aesthetic, based on psychoanalyze, surrealism and an organic vision of art. \nThe hippie “counter-culture” renews enchanted orientalist and romantic visions of a South Asian universe presumed to be spiritual, pantheist and sensorial. Followed on the heels of the sixties, indophily appears a particularly favourable, moment - or kairos - in the reception of Maithil works. It parallels the internationalization of its actors: Erika Moser Schmitt in Germany, Tokio Hasegawa in Japan, Raymond and Naomi Owens as well as David Szanton in United States and Yves Véquaud in France. The writings of the latter mingled an aptitude to capture the “air du temps” with a real interest in India and adhered to the values of the counter-culture. He is today mostly known for his essays on Mithila paintings. The Mithila Art is published in 1976, then translated in 1977 into English and German. In 1974, he co-directed the documentary Mithila. During a period of about ten years, he exhibited his collection of Mithila paintings in France and abroad (in particular in Paris, Musée de l’Homme, Musée des arts Décoratifs...). \nIn 1970, Véquaud discovered the Mithila paintings in New-Delhi thanks to the museologist Ratna Fabri. He remained in India for two years, went to Madhubani and met some village painters. In his writings, the Maithil women painters are presented as charismatic figures, between holiness and genius. In 1973, Sita Devi “appears to him as a saint”, withdrawn from the world, “in a inner-peace and trust refuge which nothing could disturb\". From the author’s standpoint, the talent of these painters, neo-tantric muses presumed to create only when in a yogic state, is compared with that of an exorcist. This vision of the prophetic artist, fluctuating between the christic figure of the saviour and the holy icon, also bears witness to the transformation of the status of the artist since the 19th Century in the West and to the appearance of a ”vocational regime” (Nathalie Heinich). These charismatic figures call to mind the appearance of a conception of the artist as the author of innovative works, and living a singular life. Like Braque and Rouault, the Maithil women painters would so be transformed into figures of legend, likely to guide the work of their followers in their efforts to become an artist. These prophetic artists would become a modern incarnation of holiness. In 1968, Yves Véquaud describes Mozart and Van Gogh as saints, whose example overwhelms. From his standpoint, the prophetic Maithil artists are devoid of the overwhelming heroization that affects Western artists. They would correspond to his promotion of creative spontaneity and a present freed from the burden of the past, in quest of eternal moments. \nIn Yves Véquaud’s conception, the women painters swing between an ideal of devout humility and religious immortality. In 1973, Sita Devi is described as the one who “knew all the honours” and yet remained “humble and loving”. From the westernized standpoint of Véquaud, the artistic success of Maithil painters may be explained by their desire for singularity and timelessness in their results. This involves both the personalization of means, namely the invention of new paths, as well as the depersonalization of the ends of the success, namely the creation of objects crystallizing values recognized beyond the author. This contingency was traditionally reserved for saints and heroes. \nHis admiration for these artists assumed an almost devotional character. Following the example of the canonization of Western art, Yves Véquaud established a relationship between the Maithil pictorial phenomenon and a religious phenomenon, the neo-tantrism. His behaviour was almost that of a believer. He set up his exhibitions with a nearly sacerdotal and proselytizing diligence. His hermeneutics of the works is almost theological. The conditions in which the paintings were produced has been neglected. The art of Mithila is described as a (wedding) liturgy ; the paintbrush becomes the tool of prayer. The biographies of the painters appear as a “golden legend”. Nevertheless, these exegeses underline the effective ritual dimension of these paintings. Maithil art became the sphere onto which he projected the expectations traditionally assumed by the religion. It is no longer the instrument, but the object of the sacralization. Sanctified with the admiration of Yves Véquaud, the painters were not “acknowledged by the ecclesiastical authorities”: it concords with the informal religiosity of the author. He thus put forward an essentialized vision of Mithila paintings. Perhaps it represented also an attempt to sublimate his own artistic failures by projecting onto fantasized painters an imaginary solution to a melancholy situation: giving up novelistic publications, whether due to lack of inspiration or to editorial refusals. His neo-tantric vision of Mithila paintings resulted from the kairos of the hippie phase previously evoked. \nYet in 1994 India Served and Observed, the memoirs posthumously published by William Archer and his spouse, Mildred, put forward a fanciful account about the discovery of Mithila paintings, marked with a Flower Power sensitivity : it stays in-between the construction of a storytelling and an aesthetic emotion, which is a posteriori inflamed. To seize the proclaimed strong and valued discourses of the moment on South-Asia is equivalent to a re-enchantment of Archer’s writings. This work builds itself in resonance with Véquaud’s one. Thus in this new narrative about the discovery of Mithila paintings, the meeting with the paintings and the painters is described as simultaneously exalted and distanced, but sublimated by aesthetic emotion. A narrative play takes shape wavering between desire and repression. According to their words, \"in these murals we somehow electrically met\". \nI will analyzed in what extent these idealized works and their women heroized figures could be situated in the social context of the “counter-culture” and the hippie movement, foreseeing the globalization of Mithila paintings in the 1990s : since then some maithil artists free themselves from categories of gender, caste and local belonging. The appearance of painters men in Mithila, motivated in particular by the prospect of profits, polls gender categories associated to a practice for a long time exclusively feminine. Simultaneously some researchers deconstruct this essentialized tradition. They expound Archer’s and Vequaud's interpretations as an hegemonic discourse constituted from masculine canons.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":52650124,"asset_id":32461384,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":27301461,"first_name":"Hélène","last_name":"Fleury","domain_name":"campus-paris-saclay","page_name":"HélèneFleury","display_name":"Hélène Fleury","profile_url":"https://campus-paris-saclay.academia.edu/H%C3%A9l%C3%A8neFleury?f_ri=43838","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/27301461/7754209/15783926/s65_h_l_ne.fleury.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":696,"name":"Gender Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_Studies?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false},{"id":863,"name":"Visual Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Visual_Studies?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false},{"id":997,"name":"Reception Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reception_Studies?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false},{"id":3225,"name":"Visual Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Visual_Culture?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false},{"id":3389,"name":"Indian studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_studies?f_ri=43838"},{"id":5272,"name":"Identity (Culture)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Identity_Culture_?f_ri=43838"},{"id":9650,"name":"Cultural Identity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Identity?f_ri=43838"},{"id":26558,"name":"Visual Arts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Visual_Arts?f_ri=43838"},{"id":28374,"name":"Visual and Cultural Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Visual_and_Cultural_Studies?f_ri=43838"},{"id":39786,"name":"Visual Identity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Visual_Identity?f_ri=43838"},{"id":43838,"name":"India","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/India?f_ri=43838"},{"id":221426,"name":"Bihar","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bihar?f_ri=43838"},{"id":608302,"name":"Mithila","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mithila?f_ri=43838"},{"id":1717158,"name":"Heroization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Heroization?f_ri=43838"},{"id":1840279,"name":"Mithila paintings","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mithila_paintings?f_ri=43838"},{"id":1840281,"name":"William Archer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/William_Archer?f_ri=43838"},{"id":1840287,"name":"Yves Véquaud","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Yves_V%C3%A9quaud?f_ri=43838"},{"id":2521717,"name":"History of Mithila","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Mithila?f_ri=43838"},{"id":2651732,"name":"International Reception","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Reception?f_ri=43838"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_40683196" data-work_id="40683196" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/40683196/CONTEMPORARY_ISSUES_OF_SASTRA_IN_THE_CLASSICAL_DANCE_OF_ORISSA">CONTEMPORARY ISSUES OF SASTRA IN THE CLASSICAL DANCE OF ORISSA</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Dance is a movement art, transmitted as an oral, or rather aural-visual, tradition. What then is the relationship of shastric texts on dance to the actual performance practice, with particular reference to Odissi dance? Shastric texts... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_40683196" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Dance is a movement art, transmitted as an oral, or rather aural-visual, tradition.  What then is the relationship of shastric texts on dance to the actual performance practice, with particular reference to Odissi dance?  Shastric texts have become a major reference point and validating factor of “classical” dance in India since the 1930’s, in Orissa since the 1950’s, and are increasingly used in the training of today’s educated students of the dance.<br /> Did these texts play a central role in the development of the Odissi dance tradition as we know it today, or have they been used after the fact in a quest to capture and codify a tradition?  What are the consequences of using textual codification as a starting point in classical training?  To what extent has Odissi dance gelled into a distinctive form as it passed through generations of dancers up to the present and how much latitude still remains for innovation within the tradition?<br /> What texts play a role in Odissi dance and what is that role?  To what extent do contemporary practitioners of Odissi base their work on shastric tradition?<br /> What are the problems of textual representation of a three-dimensional art form functioning in time and space translated to two dimensional paper and word symbolization?  What are the difficulties of taking a fluid tradition in art and categorizing its elements in narrowing definitions, definitions which can intrinsically exclude nuance and variation, and lose its channeled logic in tangents?  Does the quest for codification threaten the fluidity of tradition, tying teaching to text in future?<br /> And finally, what role has shastric text played in bestowing legitimacy of recognition to Odissi dance as a classical tradition?</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/40683196" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="14990c9e1aaf891c7b64b7f2adefc0e0" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":60965629,"asset_id":40683196,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/60965629/download_file?st=MTczMjc1NjY1Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="38915407" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SharonLowen">Sharon Lowen</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="38915407" type="text/json">{"id":38915407,"first_name":"Sharon","last_name":"Lowen","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SharonLowen","display_name":"Sharon Lowen","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SharonLowen?f_ri=43838","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/38915407/27761855/26054401/s65_sharon.lowen.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_40683196 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="40683196"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 40683196, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_40683196", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=40683196]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_40683196").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_40683196").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="40683196"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1221" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Philosophy">Indian Philosophy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1221" type="text/json">{"id":1221,"name":"Indian Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Philosophy?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3389" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_studies">Indian studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3389" type="text/json">{"id":3389,"name":"Indian studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_studies?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5272" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Identity_Culture_">Identity (Culture)</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5272" type="text/json">{"id":5272,"name":"Identity (Culture)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Identity_Culture_?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7125" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Culture">Culture</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="7125" type="text/json">{"id":7125,"name":"Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Culture?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=40683196]'), work: {"id":40683196,"title":"CONTEMPORARY ISSUES OF SASTRA IN THE CLASSICAL DANCE OF ORISSA","created_at":"2019-10-20T21:57:24.542-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/40683196/CONTEMPORARY_ISSUES_OF_SASTRA_IN_THE_CLASSICAL_DANCE_OF_ORISSA?f_ri=43838","dom_id":"work_40683196","summary":"Dance is a movement art, transmitted as an oral, or rather aural-visual, tradition. What then is the relationship of shastric texts on dance to the actual performance practice, with particular reference to Odissi dance? Shastric texts have become a major reference point and validating factor of “classical” dance in India since the 1930’s, in Orissa since the 1950’s, and are increasingly used in the training of today’s educated students of the dance.\n\tDid these texts play a central role in the development of the Odissi dance tradition as we know it today, or have they been used after the fact in a quest to capture and codify a tradition? What are the consequences of using textual codification as a starting point in classical training? To what extent has Odissi dance gelled into a distinctive form as it passed through generations of dancers up to the present and how much latitude still remains for innovation within the tradition?\n\tWhat texts play a role in Odissi dance and what is that role? To what extent do contemporary practitioners of Odissi base their work on shastric tradition?\n\tWhat are the problems of textual representation of a three-dimensional art form functioning in time and space translated to two dimensional paper and word symbolization? What are the difficulties of taking a fluid tradition in art and categorizing its elements in narrowing definitions, definitions which can intrinsically exclude nuance and variation, and lose its channeled logic in tangents? Does the quest for codification threaten the fluidity of tradition, tying teaching to text in future?\n\tAnd finally, what role has shastric text played in bestowing legitimacy of recognition to Odissi dance as a classical tradition?\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":60965629,"asset_id":40683196,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":38915407,"first_name":"Sharon","last_name":"Lowen","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SharonLowen","display_name":"Sharon Lowen","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SharonLowen?f_ri=43838","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/38915407/27761855/26054401/s65_sharon.lowen.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1221,"name":"Indian Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Philosophy?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false},{"id":3389,"name":"Indian studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_studies?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false},{"id":5272,"name":"Identity 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Arts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion_and_Art_Sanskrit_Studies_Sanskrit_Aesthetics_Indian_Philosophy_Indian_Music_Dance_and_?f_ri=43838"},{"id":317384,"name":"Odissi Dance \u0026 Music","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Odissi_Dance_and_Music?f_ri=43838"},{"id":1019484,"name":"Shastra","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Shastra?f_ri=43838"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_11580130" data-work_id="11580130" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/11580130/Hydropericardium_syndrome_current_state_and_future_developments">Hydropericardium syndrome: current state and future developments</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList 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class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36187636/Review_of_Unconventional_Warfare_in_South_Asia_Shadow_Warriors_and_Counterinsurgency_by_Scott_Gates_and_Kaushik_Roy">Review of "Unconventional Warfare in South Asia: Shadow Warriors and Counterinsurgency" by Scott Gates and Kaushik Roy</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This work is a beguiling prospect for anyone who has been involved in South Asia or has an interest in the region. The idea of analysing so many distinct insurgencies and counter-insurgency (COIN) campaigns within the covers of a single... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_36187636" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This work is a beguiling prospect for anyone who has been involved in South Asia or has an interest in the region. The idea of analysing so many distinct insurgencies and counter-insurgency (COIN) campaigns within the covers of a single book is both ambitious and tantalising. Unfortunately, and in spite of occasional good moments, this book provides few of the answers. It has a clunky structure, is peppered with editorial and factual errors and unsupported statements. The British General Templer in Malaya argued that COIN should only be 25% shooting. The remainder should be winning "hearts and minds". Sadly this has all too rarely been the case in South Asia where many of the COIN campaigns have been heavy-handed and brutal. Partly this is a function of capability; effective COIN needs excellent intelligence and highly trained and equipped Special Forces. Yet it is interesting to reflect that two "successful" COIN operations of recent years; the Indian defeat of the Khalistan movement and President Rajapaksa's suppression of the Tamil Tigers owed little to Templer or the proponents of minimum force</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/36187636" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3e4542c781e079b2a488dfdbbd277f50" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":56087996,"asset_id":36187636,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56087996/download_file?st=MTczMjc1NjY1Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3248717" href="https://kcl.academia.edu/TimWilsey">Tim Willasey-Wilsey</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3248717" type="text/json">{"id":3248717,"first_name":"Tim","last_name":"Willasey-Wilsey","domain_name":"kcl","page_name":"TimWilsey","display_name":"Tim Willasey-Wilsey","profile_url":"https://kcl.academia.edu/TimWilsey?f_ri=43838","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3248717/35046565/30554121/s65_tim.willasey-wilsey.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_36187636 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="36187636"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 36187636, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_36187636", }); 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Asian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Southeast_Asian_Studies?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2170" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnography">Ethnography</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2170" type="text/json">{"id":2170,"name":"Ethnography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnography?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2808" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Poverty">Poverty</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2808" type="text/json">{"id":2808,"name":"Poverty","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Poverty?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7024" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender">Gender</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="7024" 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u-mb0x js-work-card work_1678238" data-work_id="1678238" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1678238/_Dharma%C5%9B%C4%81stra_for_%C5%9A%C5%ABdras_%C5%9Aaiva_and_Vai%E1%B9%A3%E1%B9%87ava_Revisions_of_Var%E1%B9%87%C4%81%C5%9Bramadharma_">“Dharmaśāstra for Śūdras: Śaiva and Vaiṣṇava Revisions of Varṇāśramadharma”</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Section on the Śivadharmaśāstra now published in the Introduction to "A Śaiva Utopia" (Bisschop/Kafle/Lubin, Napoli, 2021), available here:... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_1678238" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Section on the Śivadharmaśāstra now published in the Introduction to "A Śaiva Utopia" (Bisschop/Kafle/Lubin, Napoli, 2021), available here: <br /><a href="https://www.academia.edu/67886226/A_%C5%9Aaiva_Utopia_The_%C5%9Aivadharma_s_Revision_of_Brahmanical_Var%E1%B9%87%C4%81%C5%9Bramadharma" rel="nofollow">https://www.academia.edu/67886226/A_%C5%9Aaiva_Utopia_The_%C5%9Aivadharma_s_Revision_of_Brahmanical_Var%E1%B9%87%C4%81%C5%9Bramadharma</a> | <br /> <br />Dharmaśāstra codes prescribed rules for other strata of society, including Śūdras and mixed-caste groups, circumscribing their legitimate social and religious agency. Later religious traditions, under the influence of more egalitarian devotional sentiments, modified Smārta caste policies. This paper focuses on three neglected examples, the Śivadharmaśāstra, the “Varṇāśramakāṇḍa” of the unpublished Kāśyapottarasaṃhitā, and the Varṇāśramacandrikā. These works are considered in light of their socio-historical context, and in relation to the late-medieval Śmārta works on Śūdradharma (examined in recent dissertations by Benke and Vajpeyi). These three works exemplify efforts by devotional movements to extend and adapt older Brahmanical categories in such a way that putatively Śūdra castes can partake of the ritual entitlements otherwise identified with Brahmanical status. Thus the Brahmanical birth-based status is subordinated to a ritually mediated spiritual kinship, which implies a conceptual reconfiguration of the Dharmaśāstric genre itself <br /> The Śivadharmaśāstra (ca. 6th c.), the oldest part of the “Śivadharma corpus,” which teaches a Pāśupata-influenced bhakti religion for married householders steeped in Smārta religious practice, redefines varṇa and āśrama categories in light of an emergent lay Śaivism. Based on my provisional edition of adhyāya 11, I present its delineation of a śiva-āśrama analogous to the āśramas of classical Dharmaśāstra, but open to women and Śūdras. This is compared to the “Varṇāśramakāṇḍa” of the Kāśyapottarasaṃhitā, an unpublished late-medieval work outlining a Śrīvaiṣṇava version of varṇāśramadharma, with rules for performing the “purification of Śūdras” (śūdra-śuddhi) and special saṃskāras for Śūdras. Finally, I offer observations on the ultimate subversion of Brahmin prerogative: a Dharmaśāstra by a Śūdra. The Varṇāśramacandrikā (late 17th c.), composed by a member of the Dharmapuram maṭam, a non-Brahmin (Vēḷāḷa) Śaivasiddhānta institution in Tamil Nadu, argues that traditional Smārta literature in fact supports the notion that certain Śūdras are eligible for all levels of dīkṣā and abhiṣeka in Śaivasiddhānta.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1678238" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c3f655d8c7ed209ac62d032c4e3e5c86" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":79947720,"asset_id":1678238,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/79947720/download_file?st=MTczMjc1NjY1Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="307697" href="https://wlu.academia.edu/TimothyLubin">Timothy Lubin</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="307697" type="text/json">{"id":307697,"first_name":"Timothy","last_name":"Lubin","domain_name":"wlu","page_name":"TimothyLubin","display_name":"Timothy Lubin","profile_url":"https://wlu.academia.edu/TimothyLubin?f_ri=43838","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/307697/61975/78267321/s65_timothy.lubin.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_1678238 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="1678238"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 1678238, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_1678238", }); 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Later religious traditions, under the influence of more egalitarian devotional sentiments, modified Smārta caste policies. This paper focuses on three neglected examples, the Śivadharmaśāstra, the “Varṇāśramakāṇḍa” of the unpublished Kāśyapottarasaṃhitā, and the Varṇāśramacandrikā. These works are considered in light of their socio-historical context, and in relation to the late-medieval Śmārta works on Śūdradharma (examined in recent dissertations by Benke and Vajpeyi). These three works exemplify efforts by devotional movements to extend and adapt older Brahmanical categories in such a way that putatively Śūdra castes can partake of the ritual entitlements otherwise identified with Brahmanical status. Thus the Brahmanical birth-based status is subordinated to a ritually mediated spiritual kinship, which implies a conceptual reconfiguration of the Dharmaśāstric genre itself\r\n\tThe Śivadharmaśāstra (ca. 6th c.), the oldest part of the “Śivadharma corpus,” which teaches a Pāśupata-influenced bhakti religion for married householders steeped in Smārta religious practice, redefines varṇa and āśrama categories in light of an emergent lay Śaivism. Based on my provisional edition of adhyāya 11, I present its delineation of a śiva-āśrama analogous to the āśramas of classical Dharmaśāstra, but open to women and Śūdras. This is compared to the “Varṇāśramakāṇḍa” of the Kāśyapottarasaṃhitā, an unpublished late-medieval work outlining a Śrīvaiṣṇava version of varṇāśramadharma, with rules for performing the “purification of Śūdras” (śūdra-śuddhi) and special saṃskāras for Śūdras. Finally, I offer observations on the ultimate subversion of Brahmin prerogative: a Dharmaśāstra by a Śūdra. The Varṇāśramacandrikā (late 17th c.), composed by a member of the Dharmapuram maṭam, a non-Brahmin (Vēḷāḷa) Śaivasiddhānta institution in Tamil Nadu, argues that traditional Smārta literature in fact supports the notion that certain Śūdras are eligible for all levels of dīkṣā and abhiṣeka in Śaivasiddhānta.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":79947720,"asset_id":1678238,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":307697,"first_name":"Timothy","last_name":"Lubin","domain_name":"wlu","page_name":"TimothyLubin","display_name":"Timothy Lubin","profile_url":"https://wlu.academia.edu/TimothyLubin?f_ri=43838","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/307697/61975/78267321/s65_timothy.lubin.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":114,"name":"Hinduism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hinduism?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false},{"id":2059,"name":"History of 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Group</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="68061709" type="text/json">{"id":68061709,"first_name":"Advance","last_name":"Innovation Group","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AInnovationGroup","display_name":"Advance Innovation Group","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AInnovationGroup?f_ri=43838","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/68061709/17683597/17724810/s65_advance.innovation_group.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_34520721 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="34520721"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 34520721, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_34520721", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_34520721 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x 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$(".js-view-count-work_34520721").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_34520721").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="34520721"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1283" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Security">Information Security</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1283" type="text/json">{"id":1283,"name":"Information Security","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Security?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9377" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Training">Training</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="9377" type="text/json">{"id":9377,"name":"Training","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Training?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="13923" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Security">Computer Security</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="13923" type="text/json">{"id":13923,"name":"Computer Security","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Security?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="43838" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/India">India</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="43838" type="text/json">{"id":43838,"name":"India","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/India?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=34520721]'), work: {"id":34520721,"title":"Lead Auditor ISO 27001 Program","created_at":"2017-09-09T06:52:02.490-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/34520721/Lead_Auditor_ISO_27001_Program?f_ri=43838","dom_id":"work_34520721","summary":"ISO is one of the principal publishers of standards in the world with superior than 21000 , covering almost every industry, from technology, to foodstuff safety, to farming and healthcare. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":54385922,"asset_id":34520721,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":68061709,"first_name":"Advance","last_name":"Innovation Group","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AInnovationGroup","display_name":"Advance Innovation Group","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AInnovationGroup?f_ri=43838","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/68061709/17683597/17724810/s65_advance.innovation_group.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1283,"name":"Information Security","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Security?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false},{"id":9377,"name":"Training","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Training?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false},{"id":13923,"name":"Computer Security","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Security?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false},{"id":43838,"name":"India","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/India?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false},{"id":94916,"name":"Indology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indology?f_ri=43838"},{"id":266422,"name":"Business Consulting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Business_Consulting?f_ri=43838"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_32481860" data-work_id="32481860" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/32481860/Design_Approach_for_Better_Agro_Markets_in_India">Design Approach for Better Agro-Markets in India</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">India is known worldwide for agriculture as its major industry. Land area of arable land in our country is 159.7 million hectares (394.6 million acres) which is listed as the second largest of world, first is The United States. India is... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_32481860" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">India is known worldwide for agriculture as its major industry. Land area of arable land in our country is 159.7 million hectares (394.6 million acres) which is listed as the second largest of world, first is The United States. India is among the top global producers of many crops that includes wheat, cotton, pulses, rice, groundnuts , fruits and vegetables. A major part of National economy depends on agriculture and jobs or businesses associated with it. It is a good fact that most of land of country contribute for this use but, however, farmers are not satisfied with the agro-market. Though being the major industry, people associated with it have to face many challenges in the markets of agriculture, mainly financially weak farmers. Among many challenges for farmers, poor conditions of Agro-Markets or Mandis in our country are one of major challenge. Being the main spot of business of these big industries, they shall be uplifted. The aim of this research is to derive a design approach for Agro-Markets in our country, independent of what is the major crop of that particular area. Set of parameters, that how Agro-Markets should be designed will be listed at the end of paper.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/32481860" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="184b6b0512b0405bd1bab649f696c525" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":52669191,"asset_id":32481860,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/52669191/download_file?st=MTczMjc1NjY1Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="7446968" href="https://jamiamilliaislamia.academia.edu/NiteshDogne">Nitesh Dogne</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="7446968" type="text/json">{"id":7446968,"first_name":"Nitesh","last_name":"Dogne","domain_name":"jamiamilliaislamia","page_name":"NiteshDogne","display_name":"Nitesh Dogne","profile_url":"https://jamiamilliaislamia.academia.edu/NiteshDogne?f_ri=43838","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/7446968/2723276/119719342/s65_nitesh.dogne.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_32481860 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="32481860"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 32481860, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_32481860", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_32481860 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 32481860; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_32481860"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_32481860 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="32481860"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 32481860; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=32481860]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_32481860").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_32481860").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="32481860"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3389" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_studies">Indian studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3389" type="text/json">{"id":3389,"name":"Indian studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_studies?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="43838" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/India">India</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="43838" type="text/json">{"id":43838,"name":"India","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/India?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="94916" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indology">Indology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="94916" type="text/json">{"id":94916,"name":"Indology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indology?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=32481860]'), work: {"id":32481860,"title":"Design Approach for Better Agro-Markets in India","created_at":"2017-04-18T08:42:10.300-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/32481860/Design_Approach_for_Better_Agro_Markets_in_India?f_ri=43838","dom_id":"work_32481860","summary":"India is known worldwide for agriculture as its major industry. Land area of arable land in our country is 159.7 million hectares (394.6 million acres) which is listed as the second largest of world, first is The United States. India is among the top global producers of many crops that includes wheat, cotton, pulses, rice, groundnuts , fruits and vegetables. A major part of National economy depends on agriculture and jobs or businesses associated with it. It is a good fact that most of land of country contribute for this use but, however, farmers are not satisfied with the agro-market. Though being the major industry, people associated with it have to face many challenges in the markets of agriculture, mainly financially weak farmers. Among many challenges for farmers, poor conditions of Agro-Markets or Mandis in our country are one of major challenge. Being the main spot of business of these big industries, they shall be uplifted. The aim of this research is to derive a design approach for Agro-Markets in our country, independent of what is the major crop of that particular area. Set of parameters, that how Agro-Markets should be designed will be listed at the end of paper.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":52669191,"asset_id":32481860,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":7446968,"first_name":"Nitesh","last_name":"Dogne","domain_name":"jamiamilliaislamia","page_name":"NiteshDogne","display_name":"Nitesh Dogne","profile_url":"https://jamiamilliaislamia.academia.edu/NiteshDogne?f_ri=43838","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/7446968/2723276/119719342/s65_nitesh.dogne.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3389,"name":"Indian studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_studies?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false},{"id":43838,"name":"India","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/India?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false},{"id":94916,"name":"Indology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indology?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_37709333 coauthored" data-work_id="37709333" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37709333/Job_Polarisation_in_India_Structural_Causes_and_Policy_Implications">Job Polarisation in India: Structural Causes and Policy Implications</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Automation impacts wage levels at the micro-level, and the structure of employment at the macro-level. Job polarisation is defined as the automation of ‘middle-skill’ jobs that require routine cognitive and manual applications while high... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_37709333" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Automation impacts wage levels at the micro-level, and the structure of employment at the macro-level. Job polarisation is defined as the automation of ‘middle-skill’ jobs that require routine cognitive and manual applications while high and low-skill occupations are preserved. This paper examines the nature of job polarisation in India during the period 1983-2012 when Indian manufacturing sector was being automated. The research uses disaggregated data from National Sample Survey Office and examines the impact of supply-side factors such as nature of employment and presence of educated labour force. The study has three observations. First, the increased demand for high-skilled workers in the formal manufacturing sector is due to skill-bias of technology and conforms to theoretical expectation. Second, the transition of agricultural labourers to low-skill manufacturing sectors such as construction and textiles signals distress in traditional manufacturing sector to provide employment to these groups. Third, the over-supply of secondary and tertiary educated labour force has resulted in the squeezing out of middle-skilled workers from middle-skill jobs to relatively low-skill manufacturing and service occupations. This explains the persistence of routine occupations even after automation. The study concludes that in the Indian manufacturing sector, increased demand for high and low-skill jobs has co-existed with the middle-skill jobs due to supply-side factors.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/37709333" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d05245f14c32ee72ddfa74a98a471714" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":83299832,"asset_id":37709333,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/83299832/download_file?st=MTczMjc1NjY1Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="40499302" href="https://eur.academia.edu/FrancisKuriakose">Francis Kuriakose</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="40499302" type="text/json">{"id":40499302,"first_name":"Francis","last_name":"Kuriakose","domain_name":"eur","page_name":"FrancisKuriakose","display_name":"Francis Kuriakose","profile_url":"https://eur.academia.edu/FrancisKuriakose?f_ri=43838","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/40499302/11049295/20587813/s65_francis.kuriakose.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-37709333">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-37709333"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://cornell.academia.edu/DeepaKylasamIyer">Deepa Kylasam Iyer</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-37709333'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-37709333').html(); 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Job polarisation is defined as the automation of ‘middle-skill’ jobs that require routine cognitive and manual applications while high and low-skill occupations are preserved. This paper examines the nature of job polarisation in India during the period 1983-2012 when Indian manufacturing sector was being automated. The research uses disaggregated data from National Sample Survey Office and examines the impact of supply-side factors such as nature of employment and presence of educated labour force. The study has three observations. First, the increased demand for high-skilled workers in the formal manufacturing sector is due to skill-bias of technology and conforms to theoretical expectation. Second, the transition of agricultural labourers to low-skill manufacturing sectors such as construction and textiles signals distress in traditional manufacturing sector to provide employment to these groups. Third, the over-supply of secondary and tertiary educated labour force has resulted in the squeezing out of middle-skilled workers from middle-skill jobs to relatively low-skill manufacturing and service occupations. This explains the persistence of routine occupations even after automation. The study concludes that in the Indian manufacturing sector, increased demand for high and low-skill jobs has co-existed with the middle-skill jobs due to supply-side factors.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":83299832,"asset_id":37709333,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":40499302,"first_name":"Francis","last_name":"Kuriakose","domain_name":"eur","page_name":"FrancisKuriakose","display_name":"Francis Kuriakose","profile_url":"https://eur.academia.edu/FrancisKuriakose?f_ri=43838","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/40499302/11049295/20587813/s65_francis.kuriakose.jpg"},{"id":67406421,"first_name":"Deepa","last_name":"Kylasam Iyer","domain_name":"cornell","page_name":"DeepaKylasamIyer","display_name":"Deepa Kylasam Iyer","profile_url":"https://cornell.academia.edu/DeepaKylasamIyer?f_ri=43838","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/67406421/17533120/17600507/s65_deepa.kylasam_iyer.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2979,"name":"Manufacturing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Manufacturing?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false},{"id":43838,"name":"India","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/India?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false},{"id":66379,"name":"Automation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Automation?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false},{"id":628828,"name":"Supply-Side Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Supply-Side_Economics?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false},{"id":1809425,"name":"Job polarization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Job_polarization?f_ri=43838"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_12099338" data-work_id="12099338" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/12099338/The_Yogat%C4%81r%C4%81val%C4%AB_and_the_Hidden_History_of_Yoga">The Yogatārāvalī and the Hidden History of Yoga</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/12099338" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5f1b922d1b3843aff6a81b25af6340c3" rel="nofollow" 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var workId = 12099338; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_12099338"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_12099338 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="12099338"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12099338; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12099338]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_12099338").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { 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type="text/json">{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="380" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Asian_Studies">Asian Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="380" type="text/json">{"id":380,"name":"Asian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Asian_Studies?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1446" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History">Medieval History</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1446" type="text/json">{"id":1446,"name":"Medieval History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=12099338]'), work: {"id":12099338,"title":"The Yogatārāvalī and the Hidden History of 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Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Asian_Studies?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false},{"id":1446,"name":"Medieval History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_History?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false},{"id":3024,"name":"History of India","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_India?f_ri=43838"},{"id":4104,"name":"Yoga","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Yoga?f_ri=43838"},{"id":4108,"name":"Yoga Meditation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Yoga_Meditation?f_ri=43838"},{"id":5076,"name":"Sanskrit language and literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sanskrit_language_and_literature?f_ri=43838"},{"id":17365,"name":"South Asian Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_Asian_Literature?f_ri=43838"},{"id":43838,"name":"India","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/India?f_ri=43838"},{"id":48550,"name":"Religious Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religious_Studies?f_ri=43838"},{"id":57275,"name":"Meditation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Meditation?f_ri=43838"},{"id":60100,"name":"Yoga Meditation and Learning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Yoga_Meditation_and_Learning?f_ri=43838"},{"id":94916,"name":"Indology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indology?f_ri=43838"},{"id":96460,"name":"Indian religions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_religions?f_ri=43838"},{"id":148229,"name":"Religion and Art, Sanskrit Studies, Sanskrit Aesthetics, Indian Philosophy, Indian Music, Dance and Arts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion_and_Art_Sanskrit_Studies_Sanskrit_Aesthetics_Indian_Philosophy_Indian_Music_Dance_and_?f_ri=43838"},{"id":155818,"name":"Hatha Yoga","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hatha_Yoga?f_ri=43838"},{"id":158595,"name":"Indian Philosophy and 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class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_40769776 coauthored" data-work_id="40769776" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/40769776/Morals_Manners_and_Marriage_Domestic_Discourse_in_Eighteenth_and_Nineteenth_century_Italy_and_Britain">Morals, Manners, and Marriage: Domestic Discourse in Eighteenth-and Nineteenth- century Italy and Britain</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In this paper I consider a range of some of the most popular and widely-read travel accounts from male and female travellers to Italy, from the late-eighteenth to the early-nineteenth centuries. I argue that the 1820s was key to the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_40769776" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In this paper I consider a range of some of the most popular and widely-read travel accounts from male and female travellers to Italy, from the late-eighteenth to the early-nineteenth centuries. I argue that the 1820s was key to the growing importance of domestic ‘virtue’ in Britain’s understanding of itself as a nation, in terms of civic and political stability at home, and national ‘superiority’ abroad. Travel writing was an essential part of this process. Ideas at home were reflected and reinforced by British middle-class travellers’ changing observations of Italian domesticity in the same period. Travel-writing was a particularly popular genre in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, widely reviewed by periodicals and journals, and ‘outrun in popularity among the reading public only by theology’. Travellers’ accounts were therefore an influential medium for reflecting and propagating popular themes and ideas and a useful tool to analyse a ‘broad range of cultural, political and historical debates’.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/40769776" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3ab5c502e295a60f795cede22d429f45" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":61049567,"asset_id":40769776,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/61049567/download_file?st=MTczMjc1NjY1Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="8862483" href="https://nottingham.academia.edu/DavidRobinson">David Robinson</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="8862483" type="text/json">{"id":8862483,"first_name":"David","last_name":"Robinson","domain_name":"nottingham","page_name":"DavidRobinson","display_name":"David Robinson","profile_url":"https://nottingham.academia.edu/DavidRobinson?f_ri=43838","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8862483/2928835/3427099/s65_david.robinson.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-40769776">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-40769776"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://nottingham.academia.edu/DRobinson">David Robinson</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-40769776'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-40769776').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_40769776 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="40769776"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 40769776, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_40769776", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_40769776 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 40769776; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_40769776"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_40769776 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="40769776"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 40769776; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=40769776]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_40769776").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_40769776").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="40769776"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1082" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Travel_Writing">Travel Writing</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1082" type="text/json">{"id":1082,"name":"Travel Writing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Travel_Writing?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7024" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender">Gender</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7024" type="text/json">{"id":7024,"name":"Gender","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="26879" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Class">Social Class</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="26879" type="text/json">{"id":26879,"name":"Social Class","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Class?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="43838" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/India">India</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="43838" type="text/json">{"id":43838,"name":"India","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/India?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=40769776]'), work: {"id":40769776,"title":"Morals, Manners, and Marriage: Domestic Discourse in Eighteenth-and Nineteenth- century Italy and Britain","created_at":"2019-10-28T13:59:33.349-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/40769776/Morals_Manners_and_Marriage_Domestic_Discourse_in_Eighteenth_and_Nineteenth_century_Italy_and_Britain?f_ri=43838","dom_id":"work_40769776","summary":"In this paper I consider a range of some of the most popular and widely-read travel accounts from male and female travellers to Italy, from the late-eighteenth to the early-nineteenth centuries. I argue that the 1820s was key to the growing importance of domestic ‘virtue’ in Britain’s understanding of itself as a nation, in terms of civic and political stability at home, and national ‘superiority’ abroad. Travel writing was an essential part of this process. Ideas at home were reflected and reinforced by British middle-class travellers’ changing observations of Italian domesticity in the same period. Travel-writing was a particularly popular genre in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, widely reviewed by periodicals and journals, and ‘outrun in popularity among the reading public only by theology’. Travellers’ accounts were therefore an influential medium for reflecting and propagating popular themes and ideas and a useful tool to analyse a ‘broad range of cultural, political and historical debates’.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":61049567,"asset_id":40769776,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":8862483,"first_name":"David","last_name":"Robinson","domain_name":"nottingham","page_name":"DavidRobinson","display_name":"David Robinson","profile_url":"https://nottingham.academia.edu/DavidRobinson?f_ri=43838","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8862483/2928835/3427099/s65_david.robinson.jpg"},{"id":99322080,"first_name":"David","last_name":"Robinson","domain_name":"nottingham","page_name":"DRobinson","display_name":"David Robinson","profile_url":"https://nottingham.academia.edu/DRobinson?f_ri=43838","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1082,"name":"Travel Writing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Travel_Writing?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false},{"id":7024,"name":"Gender","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false},{"id":26879,"name":"Social Class","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Class?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false},{"id":43838,"name":"India","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/India?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false},{"id":45213,"name":"Italy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Italy?f_ri=43838"},{"id":51334,"name":"Orientalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Orientalism?f_ri=43838"},{"id":1019273,"name":"Colonialism and Imperialism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Colonialism_and_Imperialism?f_ri=43838"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_40203259" data-work_id="40203259" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/40203259/Transforming_Jharkhand_The_Agenda_for_Action">Transforming Jharkhand: The Agenda for Action</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Jharkhand is a state with immense opportunities but unmet expectations. These opportunities can be unlocked with a comprehensive reform process that has the following elements. a. Have an inclusive agenda of development where the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_40203259" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Jharkhand is a state with immense opportunities but unmet expectations. These<br />opportunities can be unlocked with a comprehensive reform process that has the following<br />elements.<br />a. Have an inclusive agenda of development where the requirements of the masses are<br />at the forefront of administrative action. This includes employment and selfemployment avenues, basic needs and requirements, and safety and security.<br />b. Strengthen and make more efficient the ability of its administration to deliver a<br />good environment for (i) living and (ii) earning. This requires creating an economic<br />ecosystem that facilitates entrepreneurship for large, medium, small and micro<br />enterprises; both in the organized and unorganized domains.<br />c. Ensure a 360 degree monitoring of government actions; this requires monitoring<br />within the government as also by outside entities. The government and its senior<br />functionaries need to be answerable to the people of the state.<br />2. To reiterate, the Committee believes that the only way by which long term economic<br />development can be sustained is if all segments of society are a part of that process. Hence<br />development should not be confused with industrialization or corporatization.<br />Industrialization is but one element of a much larger process of improvement in lifestyles,<br />7opportunities and the environment.<br />3. In line with these objectives the report establishes the following principles.<br />a. The first set of reforms should be able to generate improvements in growth and also<br />government tax and non tax revenues within a short span of time. These can then<br />be used to invest in efficiency improvements. A virtuous cycle needs to be created,<br />with benefits from actions in one stage used to generate greater benefits in the<br />next.<br />b. The ability to move on a path of greater progress is to a large extent dependent<br />upon the ability of the government functionaries to perform individually and as a<br />group. Hence improvement in administrative abilities of the state forms a significant<br />part of this report.<br />c. All round progress requires all round action; however human capital and expertise is<br />limited both within and outside the government, and will take some time to build.<br />Hence the state government needs to partner with organizations outside the state,<br />these include sector specialist organizations such as NSDC, ILFS, NHB, IDFC, etc. At<br />the same time Public Private Partnerships need to be accelerated in all domains.<br />d. Decentralization is an established principle and needs to be made an integral part of<br />the government’s reform process. Greater delegation of responsibilities is required<br />towards the local bodies (both ULBs and PRIs). Within the government lower tiers<br />need to be provided greater decision-making powers. Moreover, many of the <br />Transforming Jharkhand – Agenda for Change 6<br />functions and responsibilities can be delegated to private entities whether they are<br />commercial, cooperatives and communities or non-profit organizations.<br />e. Civil society needs to be strengthened and that implies that the government needs<br />to make interaction between NGOs and government functionaries an integral part of<br />governance.<br />f. Greater information availability and citizen redressal is another synergistic<br />component of this larger process. E-governance, information boards in rural areas,<br />annual development reports; independent monitoring of government actions and<br />their impact is another set of reforms that will be critical in guaranteeing<br />sustainability of reforms.<br />4. Rapid economic growth is both an objective and an outcome of people oriented reforms.<br />The committee estimates that with no reforms growth till 2025 will stagnate at about<br />current levels, with limited reforms would be about 10 percent, but with deep structural<br />reforms can be in the region of 15 percent annually. High growth will generate additional<br />tax revenues that are many times the current tax revenues. This in turn can enable a far<br />deeper set of investments in enhancing welfare and development expenditures.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/40203259" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="60e4a69a4562a4cedc38b0a414445cf8" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":60429109,"asset_id":40203259,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/60429109/download_file?st=MTczMjc1NjY1Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="39267655" href="https://independent.academia.edu/BhandariLaveesh">Laveesh Bhandari</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="39267655" type="text/json">{"id":39267655,"first_name":"Laveesh","last_name":"Bhandari","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"BhandariLaveesh","display_name":"Laveesh Bhandari","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/BhandariLaveesh?f_ri=43838","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/39267655/10834791/24724058/s65_laveesh.bhandari.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_40203259 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="40203259"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 40203259, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_40203259", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_40203259 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 40203259; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_40203259"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_40203259 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="40203259"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 40203259; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=40203259]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_40203259").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_40203259").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="40203259"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="43838" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/India">India</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="43838" type="text/json">{"id":43838,"name":"India","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/India?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="726587" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_States">Indian States</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="726587" type="text/json">{"id":726587,"name":"Indian States","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_States?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=40203259]'), work: {"id":40203259,"title":"Transforming Jharkhand: The Agenda for Action","created_at":"2019-08-29T03:08:58.271-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/40203259/Transforming_Jharkhand_The_Agenda_for_Action?f_ri=43838","dom_id":"work_40203259","summary":"Jharkhand is a state with immense opportunities but unmet expectations. These\nopportunities can be unlocked with a comprehensive reform process that has the following\nelements.\na. Have an inclusive agenda of development where the requirements of the masses are\nat the forefront of administrative action. This includes employment and selfemployment avenues, basic needs and requirements, and safety and security.\nb. Strengthen and make more efficient the ability of its administration to deliver a\ngood environment for (i) living and (ii) earning. This requires creating an economic\necosystem that facilitates entrepreneurship for large, medium, small and micro\nenterprises; both in the organized and unorganized domains.\nc. Ensure a 360 degree monitoring of government actions; this requires monitoring\nwithin the government as also by outside entities. The government and its senior\nfunctionaries need to be answerable to the people of the state.\n2. To reiterate, the Committee believes that the only way by which long term economic\ndevelopment can be sustained is if all segments of society are a part of that process. Hence\ndevelopment should not be confused with industrialization or corporatization.\nIndustrialization is but one element of a much larger process of improvement in lifestyles,\n7opportunities and the environment.\n3. In line with these objectives the report establishes the following principles.\na. The first set of reforms should be able to generate improvements in growth and also\ngovernment tax and non tax revenues within a short span of time. These can then\nbe used to invest in efficiency improvements. A virtuous cycle needs to be created,\nwith benefits from actions in one stage used to generate greater benefits in the\nnext.\nb. The ability to move on a path of greater progress is to a large extent dependent\nupon the ability of the government functionaries to perform individually and as a\ngroup. Hence improvement in administrative abilities of the state forms a significant\npart of this report.\nc. All round progress requires all round action; however human capital and expertise is\nlimited both within and outside the government, and will take some time to build.\nHence the state government needs to partner with organizations outside the state,\nthese include sector specialist organizations such as NSDC, ILFS, NHB, IDFC, etc. At\nthe same time Public Private Partnerships need to be accelerated in all domains.\nd. Decentralization is an established principle and needs to be made an integral part of\nthe government’s reform process. Greater delegation of responsibilities is required\ntowards the local bodies (both ULBs and PRIs). Within the government lower tiers\nneed to be provided greater decision-making powers. Moreover, many of the \nTransforming Jharkhand – Agenda for Change 6\nfunctions and responsibilities can be delegated to private entities whether they are\ncommercial, cooperatives and communities or non-profit organizations.\ne. Civil society needs to be strengthened and that implies that the government needs\nto make interaction between NGOs and government functionaries an integral part of\ngovernance.\nf. Greater information availability and citizen redressal is another synergistic\ncomponent of this larger process. E-governance, information boards in rural areas,\nannual development reports; independent monitoring of government actions and\ntheir impact is another set of reforms that will be critical in guaranteeing\nsustainability of reforms.\n4. Rapid economic growth is both an objective and an outcome of people oriented reforms.\nThe committee estimates that with no reforms growth till 2025 will stagnate at about\ncurrent levels, with limited reforms would be about 10 percent, but with deep structural\nreforms can be in the region of 15 percent annually. High growth will generate additional\ntax revenues that are many times the current tax revenues. This in turn can enable a far\ndeeper set of investments in enhancing welfare and development expenditures. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":60429109,"asset_id":40203259,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":39267655,"first_name":"Laveesh","last_name":"Bhandari","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"BhandariLaveesh","display_name":"Laveesh Bhandari","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/BhandariLaveesh?f_ri=43838","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/39267655/10834791/24724058/s65_laveesh.bhandari.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":43838,"name":"India","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/India?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false},{"id":726587,"name":"Indian States","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_States?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_35884449" data-work_id="35884449" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/35884449/THE_INDO_PACIFIC_REGION_The_Emerging_Geopolitical_and_Security_Environment_2018_">THE INDO-PACIFIC REGION: The Emerging Geopolitical and Security Environment (2018)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The Indo-Pacific region stretches from the eastern Indian Ocean shores of Africa and West Asia to the littoral countries of the western Pacific. The region constitutes the ‘maritime underbelly’ of Asia, and is the fastest growing region... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_35884449" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The Indo-Pacific region stretches from the eastern Indian Ocean shores of Africa and West Asia to the littoral countries of the western Pacific. The region constitutes the ‘maritime underbelly’ of Asia, and is the fastest growing region in the world; and in a few decades, is likely to witness what may be referred to as ‘Renaissance 2.0’. The region is, therefore, ripe with enormous opportunities, not only for regional countries, but also for the rest of the global community. And yet, the region is beset with equally colossal security risks that emanate from inter alia the rise of China - that is not satisfied with ‘status quo’ in the global order including established international law and norms; strategic rivalries and the attendant security dilemma and arms race; issues of governance including maritime jurisdictions; the proliferation of malevolent non-state actors involved in maritime crimes and terrorism; and so on. The book is a collation of commentaries that analyse the trends with regard to the geopolitical and maritime security environment, along with the naval developments, in the Indo-Pacific in the past half-decade or so.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/35884449" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c5e61c83e2c050c856b142c4abe5d107" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":55764367,"asset_id":35884449,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/55764367/download_file?st=MTczMjc1NjY1Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4528483" href="https://usnwc.academia.edu/GurpreetSinghKhurana">Gurpreet Singh Khurana</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4528483" type="text/json">{"id":4528483,"first_name":"Gurpreet Singh","last_name":"Khurana","domain_name":"usnwc","page_name":"GurpreetSinghKhurana","display_name":"Gurpreet Singh Khurana","profile_url":"https://usnwc.academia.edu/GurpreetSinghKhurana?f_ri=43838","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4528483/3883707/30406911/s65_gurpreet.khurana.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_35884449 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="35884449"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 35884449, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_35884449", }); 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The region constitutes the ‘maritime underbelly’ of Asia, and is the fastest growing region in the world; and in a few decades, is likely to witness what may be referred to as ‘Renaissance 2.0’. The region is, therefore, ripe with enormous opportunities, not only for regional countries, but also for the rest of the global community. And yet, the region is beset with equally colossal security risks that emanate from inter alia the rise of China - that is not satisfied with ‘status quo’ in the global order including established international law and norms; strategic rivalries and the attendant security dilemma and arms race; issues of governance including maritime jurisdictions; the proliferation of malevolent non-state actors involved in maritime crimes and terrorism; and so on. The book is a collation of commentaries that analyse the trends with regard to the geopolitical and maritime security environment, along with the naval developments, in the Indo-Pacific in the past half-decade or so.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":55764367,"asset_id":35884449,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4528483,"first_name":"Gurpreet Singh","last_name":"Khurana","domain_name":"usnwc","page_name":"GurpreetSinghKhurana","display_name":"Gurpreet Singh Khurana","profile_url":"https://usnwc.academia.edu/GurpreetSinghKhurana?f_ri=43838","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4528483/3883707/30406911/s65_gurpreet.khurana.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":387,"name":"Japanese Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Japanese_Studies?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false},{"id":579,"name":"Strategy (Military 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Region","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Asia_Pacific_Region?f_ri=43838"},{"id":12108,"name":"China","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/China?f_ri=43838"},{"id":43838,"name":"India","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/India?f_ri=43838"},{"id":48814,"name":"Indian Ocean","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Ocean?f_ri=43838"},{"id":98134,"name":"United States","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/United_States?f_ri=43838"},{"id":967870,"name":"Indo Pacific","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indo_Pacific?f_ri=43838"},{"id":1002942,"name":"Indian Ocean Region","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Ocean_Region?f_ri=43838"},{"id":1029711,"name":"International Maritime Organization (IMO)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Maritime_Organization_IMO_?f_ri=43838"},{"id":1238737,"name":"Maritime Silk Roads","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maritime_Silk_Roads?f_ri=43838"},{"id":1923340,"name":"‘one Belt, One Road’","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/_one_Belt_One_Road_?f_ri=43838"},{"id":2255438,"name":"\"Belt and Road\" Initiative","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/_Belt_and_Road_Initiative?f_ri=43838"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_20811342" data-work_id="20811342" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/20811342/ANCIENT_INDIAN_FLYING_MACHINES_vymnika_shastra_">ANCIENT INDIAN FLYING MACHINES (vymnika shastra)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">It is a precious knowledge of ancient india. this script was originally composed by mahrshi BHARADWAJA, the great indian sage around 5000 BC ,it content english transtation of some of its sanskrit stotras and shlokas.before wright... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_20811342" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">It is a precious knowledge of ancient india. this script was originally composed by mahrshi BHARADWAJA, the great indian sage around 5000 BC  ,it content english transtation of some of its sanskrit stotras and shlokas.before wright brothers first aircraft was made by dr Talpade was an Indian scholar who is said to have constructed and flown an unmanned airplane in 1895 with reference of this ancient hindu sanskrit manuscript .</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div 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data-has-card-for-ri="88" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aerospace_Engineering">Aerospace Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="88" type="text/json">{"id":88,"name":"Aerospace Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aerospace_Engineering?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="128" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History">History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="128" type="text/json">{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="130" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_History">Ancient History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="130" type="text/json">{"id":130,"name":"Ancient History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_History?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="400" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earth_Sciences">Earth Sciences</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="400" type="text/json">{"id":400,"name":"Earth Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earth_Sciences?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=20811342]'), work: {"id":20811342,"title":"ANCIENT INDIAN FLYING MACHINES (vymnika shastra)","created_at":"2016-01-25T19:56:59.020-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/20811342/ANCIENT_INDIAN_FLYING_MACHINES_vymnika_shastra_?f_ri=43838","dom_id":"work_20811342","summary":"It is a precious knowledge of ancient india. this script was originally composed by mahrshi BHARADWAJA, the great indian sage around 5000 BC ,it content english transtation of some of its sanskrit stotras and shlokas.before wright brothers first aircraft was made by dr Talpade was an Indian scholar who is said to have constructed and flown an unmanned airplane in 1895 with reference of this ancient hindu sanskrit manuscript .","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":41575094,"asset_id":20811342,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":29508372,"first_name":"Rohit","last_name":"Paspule","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RohitPaspule","display_name":"Rohit Paspule","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RohitPaspule?f_ri=43838","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/29508372/8459487/47954300/s65_rohit.paspule.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":88,"name":"Aerospace Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aerospace_Engineering?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false},{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false},{"id":130,"name":"Ancient History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_History?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false},{"id":400,"name":"Earth Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earth_Sciences?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false},{"id":402,"name":"Environmental Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Science?f_ri=43838"},{"id":422,"name":"Computer Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Science?f_ri=43838"},{"id":459,"name":"Information Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Science?f_ri=43838"},{"id":491,"name":"Information Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Technology?f_ri=43838"},{"id":808,"name":"Aesthetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aesthetics?f_ri=43838"},{"id":821,"name":"Philosophy of Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Science?f_ri=43838"},{"id":915,"name":"Art History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Art_History?f_ri=43838"},{"id":1237,"name":"Social 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literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sanskrit_language_and_literature?f_ri=43838"},{"id":6779,"name":"Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Science?f_ri=43838"},{"id":6921,"name":"Sanskrit","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sanskrit?f_ri=43838"},{"id":10875,"name":"Aerodynamics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aerodynamics?f_ri=43838"},{"id":17178,"name":"Ancient Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Philosophy?f_ri=43838"},{"id":17936,"name":"Ancient Near East","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_Near_East?f_ri=43838"},{"id":43838,"name":"India","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/India?f_ri=43838"},{"id":47599,"name":"Astronomy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Astronomy?f_ri=43838"},{"id":111477,"name":"Sains dan Teknologi","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sains_dan_Teknologi?f_ri=43838"},{"id":1019484,"name":"Shastra","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Shastra?f_ri=43838"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_36672178" data-work_id="36672178" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36672178/The_Road_to_WSIS_10_INDIA">The Road to WSIS +10: INDIA</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">With growing global political weight and one of the biggest digital markets in the world, India, a leading developing country in the G77, is poised to play a critical role in the WSIS+10 Review. In line with its earlier positions on... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_36672178" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">With growing global political weight and one of the biggest digital markets in the world, India, a leading developing country in the G77, is poised to play a critical role in the WSIS+10 Review. In line with its earlier positions on related issues, the priorities outlined by the Indian government for the Review so far prominently feature development and cybersecurity concerns. However, following a new-found alignment on internet-related policy issues across Ministries, earlier priorities regarding enhanced cooperation will now be balanced by active support for multistakeholder approaches to internet governance. For civil society advocates, the Indian government's recent embrace of multistakeholderism is of particular importance, as it provides a new opening for enhanced civil society engagement with the Ministry of External Affairs: the WSIS+10 Review can provide a first opportunity for the Ministry to prove that it is serious about this commitment. The practical impact of this shift in India's policy on the positions of the G77 and the negotiations more broadly may, however, remain limited.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/36672178" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="1de10898b35ded9ae5754b72d9c15720" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":56606877,"asset_id":36672178,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56606877/download_file?st=MTczMjc1NjY1Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="27783231" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AnjaKovacs">Anja Kovacs</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="27783231" type="text/json">{"id":27783231,"first_name":"Anja","last_name":"Kovacs","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AnjaKovacs","display_name":"Anja Kovacs","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AnjaKovacs?f_ri=43838","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/27783231/19768124/19611212/s65_anja.kovacs.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_36672178 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="36672178"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 36672178, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_36672178", }); 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In line with its earlier positions on related issues, the priorities outlined by the Indian government for the Review so far prominently feature development and cybersecurity concerns. However, following a new-found alignment on internet-related policy issues across Ministries, earlier priorities regarding enhanced cooperation will now be balanced by active support for multistakeholder approaches to internet governance. For civil society advocates, the Indian government's recent embrace of multistakeholderism is of particular importance, as it provides a new opening for enhanced civil society engagement with the Ministry of External Affairs: the WSIS+10 Review can provide a first opportunity for the Ministry to prove that it is serious about this commitment. The practical impact of this shift in India's policy on the positions of the G77 and the negotiations more broadly may, however, remain limited. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":56606877,"asset_id":36672178,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":27783231,"first_name":"Anja","last_name":"Kovacs","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AnjaKovacs","display_name":"Anja Kovacs","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AnjaKovacs?f_ri=43838","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/27783231/19768124/19611212/s65_anja.kovacs.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":2099,"name":"Information Society","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Society?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false},{"id":7822,"name":"Internet Governance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Internet_Governance?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false},{"id":8332,"name":"ICT4D","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT4D?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false},{"id":11584,"name":"ICT for Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/ICT_for_Development?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false},{"id":43838,"name":"India","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/India?f_ri=43838"},{"id":46738,"name":"Cybersecurity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cybersecurity?f_ri=43838"},{"id":215276,"name":"Multistakeholder Processes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multistakeholder_Processes?f_ri=43838"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_45462873" data-work_id="45462873" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/45462873/M_K_Gandhi_Exposed_The_So_Called_Father_Of_the_Nation_India">M K Gandhi Exposed. The So Called Father Of the Nation India.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The best expose on MK gandhi .& a deep look into global politics. Vegetarianism , radical green environmentalism = agenda of the globalists to make the people weak & take over the world /natural resources. Gandhi was an occultist... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_45462873" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The best expose on MK gandhi .& a deep look into global politics. Vegetarianism , radical green environmentalism = agenda of the globalists to make the people weak & take over the world /natural resources. Gandhi was an occultist theosophist freemason. His London diary is missing but 20 pages. he described his initiation into 3 rd degree freemasonry but in coded language. he supposedly wrote so much. but he forgets to mention the role of freemasonry , rothschilds , the role of secret socities. he propagated/ promoted feminine ideologies. passive resistence , nonviolence. but he never practised them. When his masters wanted he was more than willing to kill the innocents. he was a hardcore racist and never hid it. he allied himself openly with all the top racist fascist brital dictators and he praised them openly. salt is the child of sun and sea or fire and water and in occult esoteric lore its feminine. that must be the reason why he had salt satyagraha. he was a complete british agent , a trained mason. who talked through both sides of his mouth and the ignorant people believed him blindly. as always .</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/45462873" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3d9bb31d14e183760de80ab8e9c0eec9" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":65968044,"asset_id":45462873,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/65968044/download_file?st=MTczMjc1NjY1Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="36015033" href="https://independent.academia.edu/FrancisJoseph13">Francis Joseph</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="36015033" type="text/json">{"id":36015033,"first_name":"Francis","last_name":"Joseph","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"FrancisJoseph13","display_name":"Francis Joseph","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/FrancisJoseph13?f_ri=43838","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/36015033/10400475/11605698/s65_francis.joseph.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_45462873 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="45462873"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 45462873, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_45462873", }); 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The So Called Father Of the Nation India.","created_at":"2021-03-10T21:20:24.764-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/45462873/M_K_Gandhi_Exposed_The_So_Called_Father_Of_the_Nation_India?f_ri=43838","dom_id":"work_45462873","summary":"The best expose on MK gandhi .\u0026 a deep look into global politics. Vegetarianism , radical green environmentalism = agenda of the globalists to make the people weak \u0026 take over the world /natural resources. Gandhi was an occultist theosophist freemason. His London diary is missing but 20 pages. he described his initiation into 3 rd degree freemasonry but in coded language. he supposedly wrote so much. but he forgets to mention the role of freemasonry , rothschilds , the role of secret socities. he propagated/ promoted feminine ideologies. passive resistence , nonviolence. but he never practised them. When his masters wanted he was more than willing to kill the innocents. he was a hardcore racist and never hid it. he allied himself openly with all the top racist fascist brital dictators and he praised them openly. salt is the child of sun and sea or fire and water and in occult esoteric lore its feminine. that must be the reason why he had salt satyagraha. he was a complete british agent , a trained mason. who talked through both sides of his mouth and the ignorant people believed him blindly. as always .","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":65968044,"asset_id":45462873,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":36015033,"first_name":"Francis","last_name":"Joseph","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"FrancisJoseph13","display_name":"Francis Joseph","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/FrancisJoseph13?f_ri=43838","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/36015033/10400475/11605698/s65_francis.joseph.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":17216,"name":"Freemasonry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Freemasonry?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false},{"id":26469,"name":"Theosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theosophy?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false},{"id":43838,"name":"India","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/India?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false},{"id":161217,"name":"the Rothschilds","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/the_Rothschilds?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false},{"id":188322,"name":"Gandhi","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gandhi?f_ri=43838"},{"id":635929,"name":"Indian Independence Movement","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Independence_Movement?f_ri=43838"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_5763184" data-work_id="5763184" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/5763184/IMPACT_OF_SELF_HELP_GROUPS_ON_SOCIO_ECONOMIC_STATUS_OF_RURAL_WOMEN">IMPACT OF SELF HELP GROUPS ON SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS OF RURAL WOMEN</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/5763184" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8d75b24d57f9a4a9152595568479bac9" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":32789863,"asset_id":5763184,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32789863/download_file?st=MTczMjc1NjY1Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="8404051" href="https://assamagriculturaluniversity.academia.edu/ManoshiDeka">Manoshi B Deka</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="8404051" type="text/json">{"id":8404051,"first_name":"Manoshi","last_name":"Deka","domain_name":"assamagriculturaluniversity","page_name":"ManoshiDeka","display_name":"Manoshi B Deka","profile_url":"https://assamagriculturaluniversity.academia.edu/ManoshiDeka?f_ri=43838","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_5763184 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="5763184"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 5763184, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_5763184", }); 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“Kumarasambhavam”, “Meghadutam”,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_24490896" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">PLAY OF KALIDASA OFKAlidAsa (OEaka 445)<br />The most celebrated Sanskrit poet, KAlidAsa authored numerous works like “Abhigyana shakuntalam ”, “MAlavikAgnimitram”, “Vikramorvanshiyam”, “Raghuvanshiyam”, “Kumarasambhavam”, “Meghadutam”, “RitusaamAram”, etc. KAlidAsa also authored an astronomical work named “JyotirvidAbharanam” in Kali year 3068 (34 BCE).</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/24490896" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text 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href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Philosophy">Indian Philosophy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1221" type="text/json">{"id":1221,"name":"Indian Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Philosophy?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3389" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_studies">Indian studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3389" type="text/json">{"id":3389,"name":"Indian studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_studies?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="13353" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_English_Literature">Indian English Literature</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="13353" type="text/json">{"id":13353,"name":"Indian English Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_English_Literature?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=24490896]'), work: {"id":24490896,"title":"ABHIGYAN SHAKUNTALAM OF KALIDASA","created_at":"2016-04-17T09:23:04.454-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/24490896/ABHIGYAN_SHAKUNTALAM_OF_KALIDASA?f_ri=43838","dom_id":"work_24490896","summary":"PLAY OF KALIDASA OFKAlidAsa (OEaka 445)\nThe most celebrated Sanskrit poet, KAlidAsa authored numerous works like “Abhigyana shakuntalam ”, “MAlavikAgnimitram”, “Vikramorvanshiyam”, “Raghuvanshiyam”, “Kumarasambhavam”, “Meghadutam”, “RitusaamAram”, etc. KAlidAsa also authored an astronomical work named “JyotirvidAbharanam” in Kali year 3068 (34 BCE).\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":44823594,"asset_id":24490896,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":7155787,"first_name":"Rayvi","last_name":"Kumar","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"KumarRayvi","display_name":"Rayvi Kumar","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/KumarRayvi?f_ri=43838","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/7155787/2821722/3293167/s65_rayvi.kumar.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false},{"id":1221,"name":"Indian Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Philosophy?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false},{"id":3389,"name":"Indian studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_studies?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false},{"id":13353,"name":"Indian English Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_English_Literature?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false},{"id":15352,"name":"Historiography (in Art History)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historiography_in_Art_History_?f_ri=43838"},{"id":43838,"name":"India","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/India?f_ri=43838"},{"id":973514,"name":"Bharat","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bharat?f_ri=43838"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_1944335" data-work_id="1944335" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1944335/Indian_popular_culture_and_its_others_Bollywood_dance_and_anti_nautch_in_twenty_first_century_global_India">Indian popular culture and its "others": Bollywood dance and anti-nautch in twenty first century global India</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Towards the end of the first decade of the new millennium ‘Bollywood’ can be seen as having gained unprecedented cultural legitimacy in India and worldwide. This is even apparent on the level of official representations of India, with... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_1944335" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Towards the end of the first decade of the new millennium ‘Bollywood’ can be seen as having gained unprecedented cultural legitimacy in India and worldwide. This is even apparent on the level of official representations of India, with stars dancing to film songs at the closing ceremony of the 2006 Commonwealth Games in Australia. With the new extension of legitimate culture beyond the boundaries of classical or folk into the realm of the popular, there is a sense that the culture of ‘the people’, ‘the masses’, is embraced, validated, approved. However, that 75,000 ‘bar girls’ who danced to Bollywood numbers in beer bars in Mumbai were made redundant in August 2005 following a virulent moral campaign indicates that areas of Bollywood culture exist that are by no means legitimised. Beginning with an examination of the Bollywood dance craze that has become one of the trendiest parts of globalised India and then moving onto ‘other’ arenas of Bollywood dance starting with the bar girls, this chapter seeks to problematise the question of ‘the people’ in Indian popular culture through an examination of hierarchies and processes of inclusion and exclusion at work within the popular sphere.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1944335" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3881ce616b1b6ee52ae38110edd1c41e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":30733642,"asset_id":1944335,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/30733642/download_file?st=MTczMjc1NjY1Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1798580" href="https://ucla.academia.edu/AnnaMorcom">Anna Morcom</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1798580" type="text/json">{"id":1798580,"first_name":"Anna","last_name":"Morcom","domain_name":"ucla","page_name":"AnnaMorcom","display_name":"Anna Morcom","profile_url":"https://ucla.academia.edu/AnnaMorcom?f_ri=43838","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1798580/614930/763513/s65_anna.morcom.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_1944335 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="1944335"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 1944335, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_1944335", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_1944335 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1944335; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_1944335"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_1944335 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="1944335"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1944335; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1944335]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_1944335").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_1944335").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="1944335"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="136" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_History">Cultural History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="136" type="text/json">{"id":136,"name":"Cultural History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_History?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="696" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_Studies">Gender Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="696" type="text/json">{"id":696,"name":"Gender Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_Studies?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="945" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Performing_Arts">Performing Arts</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="945" type="text/json">{"id":945,"name":"Performing Arts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Performing_Arts?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="977" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Development_Studies">Development Studies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="977" type="text/json">{"id":977,"name":"Development Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Development_Studies?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=1944335]'), work: {"id":1944335,"title":"Indian popular culture and its \"others\": Bollywood dance and anti-nautch in twenty first century global India","created_at":"2012-09-17T17:26:52.259-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/1944335/Indian_popular_culture_and_its_others_Bollywood_dance_and_anti_nautch_in_twenty_first_century_global_India?f_ri=43838","dom_id":"work_1944335","summary":"Towards the end of the first decade of the new millennium ‘Bollywood’ can be seen as having gained unprecedented cultural legitimacy in India and worldwide. This is even apparent on the level of official representations of India, with stars dancing to film songs at the closing ceremony of the 2006 Commonwealth Games in Australia. With the new extension of legitimate culture beyond the boundaries of classical or folk into the realm of the popular, there is a sense that the culture of ‘the people’, ‘the masses’, is embraced, validated, approved. However, that 75,000 ‘bar girls’ who danced to Bollywood numbers in beer bars in Mumbai were made redundant in August 2005 following a virulent moral campaign indicates that areas of Bollywood culture exist that are by no means legitimised. Beginning with an examination of the Bollywood dance craze that has become one of the trendiest parts of globalised India and then moving onto ‘other’ arenas of Bollywood dance starting with the bar girls, this chapter seeks to problematise the question of ‘the people’ in Indian popular culture through an examination of hierarchies and processes of inclusion and exclusion at work within the popular sphere.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":30733642,"asset_id":1944335,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1798580,"first_name":"Anna","last_name":"Morcom","domain_name":"ucla","page_name":"AnnaMorcom","display_name":"Anna Morcom","profile_url":"https://ucla.academia.edu/AnnaMorcom?f_ri=43838","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1798580/614930/763513/s65_anna.morcom.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":136,"name":"Cultural History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_History?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false},{"id":696,"name":"Gender Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_Studies?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false},{"id":945,"name":"Performing Arts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Performing_Arts?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false},{"id":977,"name":"Development Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Development_Studies?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false},{"id":1556,"name":"Dance Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dance_Studies?f_ri=43838"},{"id":1987,"name":"Ethnomusicology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnomusicology?f_ri=43838"},{"id":2466,"name":"Indian Music","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Music?f_ri=43838"},{"id":3558,"name":"South Asian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_Asian_Studies?f_ri=43838"},{"id":13430,"name":"Social Exclusion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Exclusion?f_ri=43838"},{"id":15011,"name":"Sex Work","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sex_Work?f_ri=43838"},{"id":24920,"name":"Prostitution \u0026 Trafficking","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prostitution_and_Trafficking?f_ri=43838"},{"id":43838,"name":"India","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/India?f_ri=43838"},{"id":170908,"name":"Indian Cinema, Bollywood, Film Studies, South Asia, Media","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_Cinema_Bollywood_Film_Studies_South_Asia_Media?f_ri=43838"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_5887979" data-work_id="5887979" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/5887979/Cybersecurity">Cybersecurity</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/5887979" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5f6d8b1c67d5e7a461e961e6b6fcd7ff" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":32876042,"asset_id":5887979,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32876042/download_file?st=MTczMjc1NjY1Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="8707060" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JumanneMtambalike">Jumanne Mtambalike</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="8707060" type="text/json">{"id":8707060,"first_name":"Jumanne","last_name":"Mtambalike","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JumanneMtambalike","display_name":"Jumanne Mtambalike","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JumanneMtambalike?f_ri=43838","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8707060/3109650/3660395/s65_jumanne.mtambalike.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_5887979 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span 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data-has-card-for-ri="23241" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tanzania">Tanzania</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="23241" type="text/json">{"id":23241,"name":"Tanzania","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tanzania?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="43838" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/India">India</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="43838" type="text/json">{"id":43838,"name":"India","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/India?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="46738" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cybersecurity">Cybersecurity</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="46738" type="text/json">{"id":46738,"name":"Cybersecurity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cybersecurity?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: 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href="https://www.academia.edu/21190828/Hindu_Catholic_Encounters_in_Goa_Vasco_Da_Gamas_Error">Hindu-Catholic Encounters in Goa: Vasco Da Gama's Error</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/21190828" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="da815285144a10698b25d24c148a63ba" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":41755172,"asset_id":21190828,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button 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class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2222" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portuguese_Studies">Portuguese Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2222" type="text/json">{"id":2222,"name":"Portuguese Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portuguese_Studies?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2861" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portuguese_History">Portuguese History</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2861" type="text/json">{"id":2861,"name":"Portuguese History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portuguese_History?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=21190828]'), work: {"id":21190828,"title":"Hindu-Catholic Encounters in Goa: Vasco Da Gama's 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Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portuguese_Studies?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false},{"id":2861,"name":"Portuguese History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Portuguese_History?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false},{"id":4537,"name":"Early Modern Portuguese History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Modern_Portuguese_History?f_ri=43838"},{"id":7354,"name":"Early Modern Europe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Modern_Europe?f_ri=43838"},{"id":7664,"name":"Religious Conversion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religious_Conversion?f_ri=43838"},{"id":9405,"name":"Post-Colonialism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Post-Colonialism?f_ri=43838"},{"id":15288,"name":"Religious Conversion and Converts in the Early Modern Mediterranean context","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religious_Conversion_and_Converts_in_the_Early_Modern_Mediterranean_context?f_ri=43838"},{"id":15812,"name":"Early Modern Intellectual History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Early_Modern_Intellectual_History?f_ri=43838"},{"id":20433,"name":"History of the Portuguese Empire","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_the_Portuguese_Empire?f_ri=43838"},{"id":43838,"name":"India","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/India?f_ri=43838"},{"id":48550,"name":"Religious Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religious_Studies?f_ri=43838"},{"id":51334,"name":"Orientalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Orientalism?f_ri=43838"},{"id":401398,"name":"Vasco Di Gama","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vasco_Di_Gama?f_ri=43838"},{"id":619396,"name":"Anthropology of Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology_of_Religion?f_ri=43838"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_37607275" data-work_id="37607275" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37607275/Vertical_Farming_pdf">Vertical Farming.pdf</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Today’s conversations about vertical farming deal almost exclusively with food production. After all the key advantages of vertical farming are to grow healthy, pesticide-free crops all year round at very high and very predictable rates... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_37607275" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Today’s conversations about vertical farming deal almost exclusively with food production. After all the key advantages<br />of vertical farming are to grow healthy, pesticide-free crops all year round at very high and very predictable rates of<br />yield. However, the authors of this report believe that this is only the beginning. Vertical farming can also be used for<br />waste water management and recycling, innovative local food distribution and business models, air quality measures,<br />reducing greenhouse gas emissions, education, as well as playing a potential role in novel health, nutritional, and<br />pharmaceutical applications.<br />Before we can begin expanding the conversation about vertical farming, we need to establish a common language<br />that includes global industry events and definitions that can be applied to vertical farming and controlled environment<br />agriculture (CEA). That is the first purpose. From there, the authors intend to share the state of the industry based<br />upon the most current information available to date and expand the conversation into new opportunities and areas of<br />possibility for vertical farming globally.<br />Based on survey results from the Association for Vertical Farming (AVF) members, the definition of vertical farming is the<br />practice of producing food in vertically stacked layers, vertically inclined surfaces and/or integrated into buildings. The<br />modern idea of vertical farming uses CEA technology. CEA facilities use environmental control (humidity, temperature,<br />gases, etc.), fertigation1, and potentially artificial control of light (as a supplement in the case of a rooftop greenhouse,<br />or as a unique light source in pure indoor farming conditions).<br />In the current state of the industry employing a qualified workforce is one of the main challenges in the private<br />sector. Vertical farming CEA facilities use a diverse team of experts from different backgrounds that include growers,<br />horticulturalist, mechanical, biological and electrical engineers, architects, data scientists, food safety experts, etc.<br />This report looks at CEA education programs and degrees in schools, universities and private companies worldwide.<br />It posits the next steps needed to develop the next generation of vertical farmers.<br />As the industry continues to educate and search for qualified vertical farmers, cities will have to cope with urban<br />regulations to foster industry development. We analyzed architecture and urban regulations, and shed light on how<br />Singapore, New York City and Paris are adapting to urban regulations as well as various programs that support vertical<br />farming and their respective city sustainability objectives.<br />We point out how cities and various programs can provide funding or support for vertical farming companies.<br />However, for any enterprise to enter the vertical farming industry, it is crucial to have a sound business proposition<br />and understand how to survive and scale in local markets. We address and analyze finance and business models and<br />provide a roadmap for entrepreneurs.<br />Vertical farming technologies are not limited to food production. An important and generally under-reported production<br />method for medicinal products is vertical farming. Plant-made pharmaceuticals may create the opportunity to produce<br />biologically active molecules at a low-manufacturing cost. We outline what are plant-made pharmaceutical products<br />and production advantages used for recombinant protein pharmaceutical production. We were careful to include data<br />on the use of medicinal plants in various regions of the world. With medicinal plants used widely in Asia, we chose<br />to highlight current business opportunities for vertical farming beyond food. We also mention market opportunities<br />and novel applications in the biopharming space, that is, using plants to manufacture novel biological agents, which<br />has been difficult to imagine before the rise of new CEA and low cost genetic engineering technologies. However, this<br />report will not address medicinal marijuana developments despite market growth in operational facilities that use<br />CEA technologies.<br />One main purpose of the white paper is to evaluate global developments and document the regional specificities of<br />the vertical farming industry, as driven by bottom-up (private sector-led) and/or top-down (government-led) initiatives<br />in each region. This report identifies in specific regions how the building up of vertical farming can also promote<br />adjacent industries (e.g., semiconductor and LED lighting industry in Taiwan). As the industry grows within each country there will be champions, survivors and failed enterprises.<br />Media coverage in the West and Asia reports on the scale, size, methods, models and production capabilities of<br />vertical farms, and provides insight on the amount of operational units and trends. Although actionable data to<br />support decision makers is limited, we assess and provide an analysis of current operational facilities and provide<br />forecasts of overall industry trends. In the face of insufficient data and a lack of proven models, we nevertheless hope<br />throughout the course of this report to offer the reader a complete view based on the information currently available.<br />This study has its caveats. As already indicated above, in the industry there is no aggregated data source, and this<br />is the role we are attempting to fulfill. Throughout the course of the report we compiled available data from public<br />sources and government documents, as well as from more than 30 interviews we conducted to demonstrate and<br />forecast the development of the industry. This is one of the first attempts to describe the global vertical farming<br />industry; moving forward we will be in a position to go deeper and add material to the study. In short, our findings<br />indicate that before we envision vertical farms as tools for our cities, first we need to remove remaining administrative<br />constraints, improve the training of the workforce, encourage competition, enhance business models and attract<br />investors.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/37607275" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5793424d80b28c46e5fd5f3299414562" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":57589480,"asset_id":37607275,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57589480/download_file?st=MTczMjc1NjY1Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2335452" href="https://coa-india.academia.edu/KukkuJosephJose">Kukku Joseph Jose</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2335452" type="text/json">{"id":2335452,"first_name":"Kukku","last_name":"Joseph Jose","domain_name":"coa-india","page_name":"KukkuJosephJose","display_name":"Kukku Joseph Jose","profile_url":"https://coa-india.academia.edu/KukkuJosephJose?f_ri=43838","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2335452/737577/14747377/s65_kukku.joseph_jose.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_37607275 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="37607275"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 37607275, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_37607275", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=37607275]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_37607275").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_37607275").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="37607275"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="153" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Landscape_Ecology">Landscape Ecology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="153" type="text/json">{"id":153,"name":"Landscape Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Landscape_Ecology?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1372" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architecture">Architecture</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1372" type="text/json">{"id":1372,"name":"Architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architecture?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3183" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Landscape_Architecture">Landscape Architecture</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3183" type="text/json">{"id":3183,"name":"Landscape Architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Landscape_Architecture?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="16794" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Green_architecture">Green architecture</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="16794" type="text/json">{"id":16794,"name":"Green architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Green_architecture?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=37607275]'), work: {"id":37607275,"title":"Vertical Farming.pdf","created_at":"2018-10-18T09:57:12.554-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/37607275/Vertical_Farming_pdf?f_ri=43838","dom_id":"work_37607275","summary":"Today’s conversations about vertical farming deal almost exclusively with food production. After all the key advantages\nof vertical farming are to grow healthy, pesticide-free crops all year round at very high and very predictable rates of\nyield. However, the authors of this report believe that this is only the beginning. Vertical farming can also be used for\nwaste water management and recycling, innovative local food distribution and business models, air quality measures,\nreducing greenhouse gas emissions, education, as well as playing a potential role in novel health, nutritional, and\npharmaceutical applications.\nBefore we can begin expanding the conversation about vertical farming, we need to establish a common language\nthat includes global industry events and definitions that can be applied to vertical farming and controlled environment\nagriculture (CEA). That is the first purpose. From there, the authors intend to share the state of the industry based\nupon the most current information available to date and expand the conversation into new opportunities and areas of\npossibility for vertical farming globally.\nBased on survey results from the Association for Vertical Farming (AVF) members, the definition of vertical farming is the\npractice of producing food in vertically stacked layers, vertically inclined surfaces and/or integrated into buildings. The\nmodern idea of vertical farming uses CEA technology. CEA facilities use environmental control (humidity, temperature,\ngases, etc.), fertigation1, and potentially artificial control of light (as a supplement in the case of a rooftop greenhouse,\nor as a unique light source in pure indoor farming conditions).\nIn the current state of the industry employing a qualified workforce is one of the main challenges in the private\nsector. Vertical farming CEA facilities use a diverse team of experts from different backgrounds that include growers,\nhorticulturalist, mechanical, biological and electrical engineers, architects, data scientists, food safety experts, etc.\nThis report looks at CEA education programs and degrees in schools, universities and private companies worldwide.\nIt posits the next steps needed to develop the next generation of vertical farmers.\nAs the industry continues to educate and search for qualified vertical farmers, cities will have to cope with urban\nregulations to foster industry development. We analyzed architecture and urban regulations, and shed light on how\nSingapore, New York City and Paris are adapting to urban regulations as well as various programs that support vertical\nfarming and their respective city sustainability objectives.\nWe point out how cities and various programs can provide funding or support for vertical farming companies.\nHowever, for any enterprise to enter the vertical farming industry, it is crucial to have a sound business proposition\nand understand how to survive and scale in local markets. We address and analyze finance and business models and\nprovide a roadmap for entrepreneurs.\nVertical farming technologies are not limited to food production. An important and generally under-reported production\nmethod for medicinal products is vertical farming. Plant-made pharmaceuticals may create the opportunity to produce\nbiologically active molecules at a low-manufacturing cost. We outline what are plant-made pharmaceutical products\nand production advantages used for recombinant protein pharmaceutical production. We were careful to include data\non the use of medicinal plants in various regions of the world. With medicinal plants used widely in Asia, we chose\nto highlight current business opportunities for vertical farming beyond food. We also mention market opportunities\nand novel applications in the biopharming space, that is, using plants to manufacture novel biological agents, which\nhas been difficult to imagine before the rise of new CEA and low cost genetic engineering technologies. However, this\nreport will not address medicinal marijuana developments despite market growth in operational facilities that use\nCEA technologies.\nOne main purpose of the white paper is to evaluate global developments and document the regional specificities of\nthe vertical farming industry, as driven by bottom-up (private sector-led) and/or top-down (government-led) initiatives\nin each region. This report identifies in specific regions how the building up of vertical farming can also promote\nadjacent industries (e.g., semiconductor and LED lighting industry in Taiwan). As the industry grows within each country there will be champions, survivors and failed enterprises.\nMedia coverage in the West and Asia reports on the scale, size, methods, models and production capabilities of\nvertical farms, and provides insight on the amount of operational units and trends. Although actionable data to\nsupport decision makers is limited, we assess and provide an analysis of current operational facilities and provide\nforecasts of overall industry trends. In the face of insufficient data and a lack of proven models, we nevertheless hope\nthroughout the course of this report to offer the reader a complete view based on the information currently available.\nThis study has its caveats. As already indicated above, in the industry there is no aggregated data source, and this\nis the role we are attempting to fulfill. Throughout the course of the report we compiled available data from public\nsources and government documents, as well as from more than 30 interviews we conducted to demonstrate and\nforecast the development of the industry. This is one of the first attempts to describe the global vertical farming\nindustry; moving forward we will be in a position to go deeper and add material to the study. In short, our findings\nindicate that before we envision vertical farms as tools for our cities, first we need to remove remaining administrative\nconstraints, improve the training of the workforce, encourage competition, enhance business models and attract\ninvestors. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":57589480,"asset_id":37607275,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2335452,"first_name":"Kukku","last_name":"Joseph Jose","domain_name":"coa-india","page_name":"KukkuJosephJose","display_name":"Kukku Joseph Jose","profile_url":"https://coa-india.academia.edu/KukkuJosephJose?f_ri=43838","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2335452/737577/14747377/s65_kukku.joseph_jose.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":153,"name":"Landscape Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Landscape_Ecology?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false},{"id":1372,"name":"Architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architecture?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false},{"id":3183,"name":"Landscape Architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Landscape_Architecture?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false},{"id":16794,"name":"Green architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Green_architecture?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false},{"id":19522,"name":"Remote sensing and GIS applications in Landscape Research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Remote_sensing_and_GIS_applications_in_Landscape_Research?f_ri=43838"},{"id":21327,"name":"Sustainable Architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Architecture?f_ri=43838"},{"id":43838,"name":"India","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/India?f_ri=43838"},{"id":57126,"name":"LEED Certification","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/LEED_Certification?f_ri=43838"},{"id":71916,"name":"Vertical Farming","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vertical_Farming?f_ri=43838"},{"id":712596,"name":"Futuristic Architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Futuristic_Architecture?f_ri=43838"},{"id":1031232,"name":"Sustainable Food \u0026 Farming","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sustainable_Food_and_Farming?f_ri=43838"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_36193862" data-work_id="36193862" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36193862/The_Proliferation_of_%C4%80sana_s_in_Late_Mediaeval_Yoga_Texts">The Proliferation of Āsana-s in Late-Mediaeval Yoga Texts</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The writing of this paper was prompted by the discovery of several manuscripts of mediaeval yoga texts which contain lists of more than eighty-four āsana-s, a canonical number mentioned in several yoga texts. Until now, lists of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_36193862" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The writing of this paper was prompted by the discovery of several manuscripts of mediaeval yoga texts which contain lists of more than eighty-four āsana-s, a canonical number mentioned in several yoga texts.  Until now, lists of eighty-four āsana-s have been found in only two recently published yoga texts, namely, the Haṭharatnāvalī and the Jogapradīpyakā.  The manuscript evidence presented in this article indicates that these published texts are not isolated accounts of mediaeval yoga systems with many complex āsanas. In fact, it is clear that more than eighty-four āsana-s were practised in some traditions of Haṭha Yoga before the British arrived in India.  The majority of these āsana-s were not seated poses, but complex and physically-demanding postures, some of which involved repetitive movement, breath control and the use of ropes.  When the āsana-s in the sources which I shall analyse in this article are considered in their totality, antecedents can be identified for many non-seated and inverted postures in twentieth-century systems of Indian yoga.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/36193862" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e11918466f67dc47f9c2137acc3c1fed" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":57341297,"asset_id":36193862,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57341297/download_file?st=MTczMjc1NjY1Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1693590" href="https://soas.academia.edu/JasonBirch">Jason Birch</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1693590" type="text/json">{"id":1693590,"first_name":"Jason","last_name":"Birch","domain_name":"soas","page_name":"JasonBirch","display_name":"Jason Birch","profile_url":"https://soas.academia.edu/JasonBirch?f_ri=43838","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1693590/585419/19490315/s65_jason.birch.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_36193862 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="36193862"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 36193862, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_36193862", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=36193862]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_36193862").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_36193862").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="36193862"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">14</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="767" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology">Anthropology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="767" type="text/json">{"id":767,"name":"Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3389" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_studies">Indian studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3389" type="text/json">{"id":3389,"name":"Indian studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_studies?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3558" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_Asian_Studies">South Asian Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3558" type="text/json">{"id":3558,"name":"South Asian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_Asian_Studies?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4108" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Yoga_Meditation">Yoga Meditation</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="4108" type="text/json">{"id":4108,"name":"Yoga Meditation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Yoga_Meditation?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=36193862]'), work: {"id":36193862,"title":"The Proliferation of Āsana-s in Late-Mediaeval Yoga Texts","created_at":"2018-03-18T19:07:44.459-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/36193862/The_Proliferation_of_%C4%80sana_s_in_Late_Mediaeval_Yoga_Texts?f_ri=43838","dom_id":"work_36193862","summary":"The writing of this paper was prompted by the discovery of several manuscripts of mediaeval yoga texts which contain lists of more than eighty-four āsana-s, a canonical number mentioned in several yoga texts. Until now, lists of eighty-four āsana-s have been found in only two recently published yoga texts, namely, the Haṭharatnāvalī and the Jogapradīpyakā. The manuscript evidence presented in this article indicates that these published texts are not isolated accounts of mediaeval yoga systems with many complex āsanas. In fact, it is clear that more than eighty-four āsana-s were practised in some traditions of Haṭha Yoga before the British arrived in India. The majority of these āsana-s were not seated poses, but complex and physically-demanding postures, some of which involved repetitive movement, breath control and the use of ropes. When the āsana-s in the sources which I shall analyse in this article are considered in their totality, antecedents can be identified for many non-seated and inverted postures in twentieth-century systems of Indian yoga.\r\n\r\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":57341297,"asset_id":36193862,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1693590,"first_name":"Jason","last_name":"Birch","domain_name":"soas","page_name":"JasonBirch","display_name":"Jason Birch","profile_url":"https://soas.academia.edu/JasonBirch?f_ri=43838","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1693590/585419/19490315/s65_jason.birch.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":767,"name":"Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false},{"id":3389,"name":"Indian studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indian_studies?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false},{"id":3558,"name":"South Asian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_Asian_Studies?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false},{"id":4108,"name":"Yoga Meditation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Yoga_Meditation?f_ri=43838","nofollow":false},{"id":5471,"name":"South Asia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_Asia?f_ri=43838"},{"id":6926,"name":"South Asian History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/South_Asian_History?f_ri=43838"},{"id":43838,"name":"India","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/India?f_ri=43838"},{"id":48550,"name":"Religious Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religious_Studies?f_ri=43838"},{"id":94916,"name":"Indology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indology?f_ri=43838"},{"id":155818,"name":"Hatha Yoga","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hatha_Yoga?f_ri=43838"},{"id":476852,"name":"Yoga Hatha Raja Haṭha Rāja Meaning of Hathayoga Rajayoga Medieval Yoga","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Yoga_Hatha_Raja_Ha_ha_Raja_Meaning_of_Hathayoga_Rajayoga_Medieval_Yoga?f_ri=43838"},{"id":855453,"name":"Yoga Asana","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Yoga_Asana?f_ri=43838"},{"id":959279,"name":"Religious Studies /Indology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religious_Studies_Indology?f_ri=43838"},{"id":980040,"name":"Modern Yoga Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modern_Yoga_Studies?f_ri=43838"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_46473455" data-work_id="46473455" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/46473455/_2020_Sacred_Skin_Tattooing_Memory_and_Identity_Among_the_Naga_of_India_Pp_191_217_in_Tattoo_Transcultural_Perspectives_on_the_Narratives_Practices_and_Representations_of_Tattooing_Sinah_Klo%C3%9F_ed_Routledge">(2020) "Sacred Skin: Tattooing, Memory, and Identity Among the Naga of India." Pp. 191-217 in Tattoo: Transcultural Perspectives on the Narratives, Practices, and Representations of Tattooing (Sinah Kloß, ed.). Routledge.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This chapter examines the cultural history of Naga tattoo through the voices of Naga elders, a contemporary Naga tattoo artist, Naga writers, among others. One hundred years ago, tattoo was considered everyday wear with a precise and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_46473455" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This chapter examines the cultural history of Naga tattoo through the voices of Naga elders, a contemporary Naga tattoo artist, Naga writers, among others. One hundred years ago, tattoo was considered everyday wear with a precise and detailed system of codes and socio- religious meanings attached to it. Post-missionization the Naga tattoo was demonized, condemned, and gradually abandoned until the last decade with the re-emergence of an ethnic fashion and cultural revival movement that includes the neo-Naga tattoo. I argue here that Naga artists and writers are actively reshaping the future of the Naga tattoo through art, design, and innovative publications. They give new expression to an inerasable and unquestionable mark of ethnic identity, and in the process may revive the Naga tattoo from the brink of extinction.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/46473455" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="811f8f15b22cda083b21504091bfab99" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":66227391,"asset_id":46473455,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/66227391/download_file?st=MTczMjc1NjY1Miw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="13384851" href="https://internationalfolkart.academia.edu/LarsKrutak">Lars Krutak</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="13384851" type="text/json">{"id":13384851,"first_name":"Lars","last_name":"Krutak","domain_name":"internationalfolkart","page_name":"LarsKrutak","display_name":"Lars Krutak","profile_url":"https://internationalfolkart.academia.edu/LarsKrutak?f_ri=43838","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/13384851/5129939/5878191/s65_lars.krutak.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_46473455 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="46473455"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 46473455, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_46473455", }); 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Routledge.","created_at":"2021-04-10T06:38:31.358-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/46473455/_2020_Sacred_Skin_Tattooing_Memory_and_Identity_Among_the_Naga_of_India_Pp_191_217_in_Tattoo_Transcultural_Perspectives_on_the_Narratives_Practices_and_Representations_of_Tattooing_Sinah_Klo%C3%9F_ed_Routledge?f_ri=43838","dom_id":"work_46473455","summary":"This chapter examines the cultural history of Naga tattoo through the voices of Naga elders, a contemporary Naga tattoo artist, Naga writers, among others. One hundred years ago, tattoo was considered everyday wear with a precise and detailed system of codes and socio- religious meanings attached to it. Post-missionization the Naga tattoo was demonized, condemned, and gradually abandoned until the last decade with the re-emergence of an ethnic fashion and cultural revival movement that includes the neo-Naga tattoo. I argue here that Naga artists and writers are actively reshaping the future of the Naga tattoo through art, design, and innovative publications. 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