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</button> <ul id="toc-Beating_to_windward-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-For_various_sailing_craft" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#For_various_sailing_craft"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>For various sailing craft</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-For_various_sailing_craft-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Navigating" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Navigating"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Navigating</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Navigating-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Apparent_wind_sailing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Apparent_wind_sailing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Apparent wind sailing</span> </div> </a> <ul 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</div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Tacking (sailing)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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title="Wende (Segeln) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Wende (Segeln)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bordada" title="Bordada – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Bordada" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virement_de_bord" title="Virement de bord – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Virement de bord" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letanje_(jedrenje)" title="Letanje (jedrenje) – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Letanje (jedrenje)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memirau" title="Memirau – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Memirau" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bordata_(navigazione)" title="Bordata (navigazione) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Bordata (navigazione)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overstag_gaan" 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href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zwrot_przez_sztag" title="Zwrot przez sztag – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Zwrot przez sztag" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virada_por_davante" title="Virada por davante – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Virada por davante" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B3" title="Оверштаг – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Оверштаг" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link 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searchaux" style="display:none">A sailing maneuver</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wende_(Segeln).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Wende_%28Segeln%29.png/170px-Wende_%28Segeln%29.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="403" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Wende_%28Segeln%29.png/255px-Wende_%28Segeln%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Wende_%28Segeln%29.png/340px-Wende_%28Segeln%29.png 2x" data-file-width="394" data-file-height="935" /></a><figcaption>Tacking: Sailing the craft into the wind from the port tack to the starboard tack.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Beating_to_windward.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Beating_to_windward.svg/220px-Beating_to_windward.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Beating_to_windward.svg/330px-Beating_to_windward.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Beating_to_windward.svg/440px-Beating_to_windward.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="926" data-file-height="769" /></a><figcaption>Beating to windward on a series of port and starboard tacks, tacking between each at points 1, 2, and 3.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Tacking</b> or <b>coming about</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Sailing" title="Sailing">sailing</a> maneuver by which a sailing craft (<a href="/wiki/Sailing_ship" title="Sailing ship">sailing vessel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iceboat" title="Iceboat">ice boat</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Land_sailing" title="Land sailing">land yacht</a>), whose next destination is into the wind, turns its <a href="/wiki/Bow_(ship)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bow (ship)">bow</a> toward and through the wind so that the direction from which the wind blows changes from one side of the boat to the other, allowing progress in the desired direction.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sailing vessels are unable to sail higher than a certain angle towards the wind, so "beating to windward" in a zig-zag fashion with a series of tacking maneuvers, allows a vessel to sail towards a destination that is closer to the wind than the vessel can sail directly. </p><p>A sailing craft, whose course is downwind, <a href="/wiki/Jibes" class="mw-redirect" title="Jibes">jibes</a> (or "wears" if <a href="/wiki/Square-rig" class="mw-redirect" title="Square-rig">square-rigged</a>) by having the <a href="/wiki/Apparent_wind" title="Apparent wind">apparent wind</a> cross the stern from one tack to the other.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-McEwen2006_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McEwen2006-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/High-performance_sailing" title="High-performance sailing">High-performance sailing craft</a> may tack, rather than jibe, downwind, when the apparent wind is well forward. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Beating_to_windward">Beating to windward</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tacking_(sailing)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Beating to windward"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Points_of_sail.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Points_of_sail.svg/220px-Points_of_sail.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Points_of_sail.svg/330px-Points_of_sail.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Points_of_sail.svg/440px-Points_of_sail.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>Points of sail: the shaded area is the "no-sail" zone.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tacking_Intervals.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Tacking_Intervals.svg/220px-Tacking_Intervals.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="254" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Tacking_Intervals.svg/330px-Tacking_Intervals.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Tacking_Intervals.svg/440px-Tacking_Intervals.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="472" data-file-height="545" /></a><figcaption>Beating to windward on short (P1), medium (P2), and long (P3) tacks, each with a progressively wider corridor over the water.</figcaption></figure> <p>Sails are limited in how close to the direction of the wind they can power a sailing craft. The area towards the wind defining those limits is called the "no-sail zone". To travel towards a destination that is within the no-sail zone, a craft must perform a series of zig-zag maneuvers in that direction, maintaining a course to the right or the left that allows the sail(s) to generate power. Each such course is a "tack". The act of transitioning from one tack to the other is called "tacking" or "coming about".<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sailing on a series of courses that are close to the craft's windward limitation (<a href="/wiki/Close-hauled" class="mw-redirect" title="Close-hauled">close-hauled</a>) is called "beating to windward".<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="For_various_sailing_craft">For various sailing craft</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tacking_(sailing)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: For various sailing craft"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The method for tacking of sailing craft differs, depending on whether they are <a href="/wiki/Fore-and-aft_rig" title="Fore-and-aft rig">fore-and aft</a>, square-rigged, a <a href="/wiki/Windsurfing" title="Windsurfing">windsurfer</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Kiteboarding" title="Kiteboarding">kitesurfer</a>, or a <a href="/wiki/Proa" title="Proa">proa</a>. </p> <ul><li><i>Fore-and-aft rig</i> – A fore-and-aft rig permits the wind to flow past the sail, as the craft head through the eye of the wind. Modern rigs pivot around a stay or the mast, while this occurs. For a <a href="/wiki/Jib" title="Jib">jib</a>, the old leeward sheet is released as the craft heads through the wind and the old windward sheet is tightened as the new leeward sheet to allow the sail to draw wind. <a href="/wiki/Mainsail" title="Mainsail">Mainsails</a> are often self-tending and slide on a traveler to the opposite side.<sup id="cite_ref-Jobson22_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jobson22-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On certain rigs, such as <a href="/wiki/Lateen" title="Lateen">lateens</a><sup id="cite_ref-Lateen2_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lateen2-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Lugger" title="Lugger">luggers</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Lugger2_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lugger2-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the sail may be partially lowered to bring it to the opposite side.</li> <li><i>Square rig</i> – Unlike with a fore-and-aft rig, a square-rigged vessel's sails must be presented squarely to the wind and thus impede forward motion as they are swung around via the yardarms through the wind as controlled by the vessel's <a href="/wiki/Running_rigging#Adjusting_angle_to_the_wind" title="Running rigging">running rigging</a>, using <a href="/wiki/Brace_(sailing)" title="Brace (sailing)">braces</a>—adjusting the fore and aft angle of each <a href="/wiki/Yard_(sailing)" title="Yard (sailing)">yardarm</a> around the mast—and <a href="/wiki/Sheet_(sailing)" title="Sheet (sailing)">sheets</a> attached to the <a href="/wiki/Parts_of_a_sail#The_corners" class="mw-redirect" title="Parts of a sail">clews</a> (bottom corners) of each sail to control the sail's angle to the wind.<sup id="cite_ref-Biddlecombe2_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Biddlecombe2-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The procedure is to turn the vessel into the wind with the hind-most fore-and-aft sail (the <a href="/wiki/Spanker_(sail)" title="Spanker (sail)"><i>spanker</i></a>), often pulled to windward to help turn the ship through the eye of the wind. The main (and often mizzen) sails are braced around onto the new tack as the ship approaches the eye of the wind. Once the ship has come about, the remaining sails are adjusted to align properly with the new tack. Because square-rigger masts are more strongly supported from behind than from ahead, tacking is a dangerous procedure in strong winds. The ship may lose forward momentum (become <i>caught in stays</i>) and the rigging may fail from the wind coming from ahead. Under these conditions, the choice may be to <i>wear ship</i>—to turn the ship away from the wind and around 240° onto the next tack (60° off the wind).<sup id="cite_ref-Findlay2_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Findlay2-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Windsurfer rig</i> – Sailors of <a href="/wiki/Windsurfer" class="mw-redirect" title="Windsurfer">windsurfers</a> tack by walking forward of the mast and letting the sail swing into the wind as the board moves through the eye of the wind; once on the opposite tack, the sailor realigns the sail on the new tack. In strong winds on a small board, an option is the 'fast tack', whereby the board is turned into the wind at planing speed as the sailor crosses in front of the flexibly mounted mast and reaches for the boom on the opposite side and continues planing on the new tack.<sup id="cite_ref-Hart2_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hart2-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Kitesurfer rig</i> – When changing tack, a <a href="/wiki/Kite_surfing" class="mw-redirect" title="Kite surfing">kitesurfer</a> rotates the <a href="/wiki/Kite" title="Kite">kite</a> end-for-end to align with the new apparent wind direction. Kite boards are designed to be used exclusively while planing; many are double-ended to allow an immediate change of course in the opposite direction.<sup id="cite_ref-Gratwick2_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gratwick2-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Proa –</i> Double-ended sailing vessels, such as <a href="/wiki/Proa" title="Proa">proas</a>, may tack by <a href="/wiki/Shunt_(sailing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Shunt (sailing)">shunting</a>: turning off the wind, switching the sails and steering mechanism end-for-end and then proceeding on the opposite tack with the former stern functioning as the new bow, and with the outrigger on the windward side as before.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b> with: tacking procedure for dipping lug, standing lug, lateen, crab claw. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tacking_(sailing)&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2023</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Navigating">Navigating</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tacking_(sailing)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Navigating"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The bearing from a sailing craft's current location to a destination or racing mark that lies within the no-sail zone, may lie on one side or other of being directly upwind. The tack on that side is "favored", because the destination lies closest to the craft's highest point of sail—its "best course" is close-hauled on that tack. Wind shifts that improve the angle towards the destination are called "lifts"; those that increase the angle away from the destination are called "headers". A sufficiently large wind shift may cause the destination to lie on the opposite side of the direction from which the destination or mark lies and indicate a tack to the favored side—tacking on a header.<sup id="cite_ref-Royce_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Royce-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Apparent_wind_sailing">Apparent wind sailing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tacking_(sailing)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Apparent wind sailing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>High-performance sailing craft, such as <a href="/wiki/Catamaran" title="Catamaran">sailing catamarans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sailing_hydrofoil" title="Sailing hydrofoil">sailing hydrofoils</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iceboat" title="Iceboat">ice boats</a> and <a href="/wiki/Land_sailing" title="Land sailing">land-sailing craft</a>, may be capable of speeds exceeding the true wind speed, sailing off the wind. Because the speed of the craft is a dominant contributor to the apparent wind, the apparent wind angle shifts forward. Such sailing craft may tack, while going downwind, under the principle of <a href="/wiki/High-performance_sailing#High-performance_sailing" title="High-performance sailing">apparent wind sailing</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Racing">Racing</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tacking_(sailing)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Racing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Sailing_(sport)" title="Sailing (sport)">Sailing race</a> courses may be triangular, windward-leeward triangular, or simply windward-leeward, each of which involves at least one leg directly to windward.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The windward mark may favor a best course on a given tack, until the wind shifts significantly. Wind strength and the relative position of other sailing craft may determine how frequently to tack.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tactics">Tactics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tacking_(sailing)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Tactics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A boat to windward of others enjoys undisturbed air, while disturbing the air for nearby boats that are downwind and behind. To keep this advantage the lead boat will often try to "cover" the trailing boat(s) by maneuvering to keep them "blanketed" in the disturbed air coming from its sails. The trailing boats seek to avoid the disturbed air from boats to windward without losing too much speed or momentum.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A "tacking duel" develops when a leading boat decides to cover a trailing boat and the trailing boat seeks to escape the disturbed air. A successful approach for the trailing boat is to tack within the area of maximally disturbed air, where the wind has the least effect on the boat's wind-caused drag (<a href="/wiki/Windage" title="Windage">windage</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Roll_tacking">Roll tacking</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tacking_(sailing)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Roll tacking"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Roll tacking, usually while racing <a href="/wiki/Dinghy_sailing" title="Dinghy sailing">sailing dinghies</a>, involves aggressive heeling of the sailboat, as the skipper and crew move towards the windward side during the first half of the tack when the boat crosses through the wind. The skipper and crew then roll the boat back to an even keel following the completion of the tack, rapidly accelerating the boat back up to speed and allowing the sails to immediately resume their optimum shape on the new tack.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The form of the boat in the water, not the rudder, is the primary mechanism for changing course from one tack to the other. Some keel boats may also be roll tacked.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The technique of roll tacking was developed by Peter Claydon who raced dinghies on the River Cam in Cambridge as a teenager (where it was necessary to tack repeatedly in quick succession up the very narrow river). Peter then represented England at the 1969 junior world championships in Bermuda, which he won together with his team mate Nick Martin, demonstrating that the roll tacking technique he developed on the narrow river gave a distinct advantage in open water too. Subsequently the technique became essential to be competitive in dinghy racing. <sup id="cite_ref-Page_10_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Page_10-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tacking_(sailing)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output 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class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Transport" title="Portal:Transport">Transport portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jibe" title="Jibe">Jibe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_nautical_terms" class="mw-redirect" title="Glossary of nautical terms">Glossary of nautical terms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racing_Rules_of_Sailing" title="Racing Rules of Sailing">Racing Rules of Sailing</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tacking_(sailing)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFKeegan1989" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Keegan" title="John Keegan">Keegan, John</a> (1989). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/priceofadmiralty00keeg"><i>The Price of Admiralty</i></a></span>. New York: Viking. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/priceofadmiralty00keeg/page/n312">281</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-670-81416-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-670-81416-4"><bdi>0-670-81416-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Price+of+Admiralty&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=281&rft.pub=Viking&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=0-670-81416-4&rft.aulast=Keegan&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpriceofadmiralty00keeg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATacking+%28sailing%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSailing2010" class="citation book cs1">Sailing, American (2010-01-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SEWEDwAAQBAJ&dq=tacking+a+sailboat&pg=PA50"><i>Sailing Made Easy: The Official Manual For The ASA 101 Basic Keelboat Sailing Course</i></a>. American Sailing. pp. 48–51. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9821025-0-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9821025-0-3"><bdi>978-0-9821025-0-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sailing+Made+Easy%3A+The+Official+Manual+For+The+ASA+101+Basic+Keelboat+Sailing+Course&rft.pages=48-51&rft.pub=American+Sailing&rft.date=2010-01-01&rft.isbn=978-0-9821025-0-3&rft.aulast=Sailing&rft.aufirst=American&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSEWEDwAAQBAJ%26dq%3Dtacking%2Ba%2Bsailboat%26pg%3DPA50&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATacking+%28sailing%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-McEwen2006-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-McEwen2006_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcEwen2006" class="citation book cs1">McEwen, Thomas (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kdHyM6_egMwC&pg=PA186"><i>Boater's Pocket Reference: Your Comprehensive Resource for Boats and Boating</i></a>. Anchor Cove Publishing. pp. 186–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9774052-0-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9774052-0-6"><bdi>978-0-9774052-0-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Boater%27s+Pocket+Reference%3A+Your+Comprehensive+Resource+for+Boats+and+Boating&rft.pages=186-&rft.pub=Anchor+Cove+Publishing&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-9774052-0-6&rft.aulast=McEwen&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkdHyM6_egMwC%26pg%3DPA186&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATacking+%28sailing%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJobson2008" class="citation book cs1">Jobson, Gary (2008-09-08). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mKTrrP3wA-cC&q=beating"><i>Sailing Fundamentals</i></a>. Simon and Schuster. p. 73. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4391-3678-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4391-3678-2"><bdi>978-1-4391-3678-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sailing+Fundamentals&rft.pages=73&rft.pub=Simon+and+Schuster&rft.date=2008-09-08&rft.isbn=978-1-4391-3678-2&rft.aulast=Jobson&rft.aufirst=Gary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmKTrrP3wA-cC%26q%3Dbeating&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATacking+%28sailing%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jobson22-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Jobson22_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJobson2008" class="citation book cs1">Jobson, Gary (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mKTrrP3wA-cC"><i>Sailing Fundamentals</i></a> (Revised ed.). Simon and Schuster. p. 224. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4391-3678-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4391-3678-2"><bdi>978-1-4391-3678-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sailing+Fundamentals&rft.pages=224&rft.edition=Revised&rft.pub=Simon+and+Schuster&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-4391-3678-2&rft.aulast=Jobson&rft.aufirst=Gary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmKTrrP3wA-cC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATacking+%28sailing%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lateen2-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Lateen2_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCampbell1995" class="citation cs2">Campbell, I.C. (1995), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160804061252/http://www.uhpress.hawaii.edu/journals/jwh/jwh061p001.pdf">"The Lateen Sail in World History"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, <i>Journal of World History</i>, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 1–23, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uhpress.hawaii.edu/journals/jwh/jwh061p001.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2016-08-04<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-06-16</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+World+History&rft.atitle=The+Lateen+Sail+in+World+History&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=1-23&rft.date=1995&rft.aulast=Campbell&rft.aufirst=I.C.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.uhpress.hawaii.edu%2Fjournals%2Fjwh%2Fjwh061p001.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATacking+%28sailing%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lugger2-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Lugger2_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSkeat2013" class="citation book cs1">Skeat, Walter W. (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jeeGAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA351"><i>An Etymological Dictionary of the English Language</i></a>. Dover language guides (Reprint ed.). Courier Corporation. p. 351. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-486-31765-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-486-31765-6"><bdi>978-0-486-31765-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Etymological+Dictionary+of+the+English+Language&rft.series=Dover+language+guides&rft.pages=351&rft.edition=Reprint&rft.pub=Courier+Corporation&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-486-31765-6&rft.aulast=Skeat&rft.aufirst=Walter+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjeeGAAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA351&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATacking+%28sailing%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Biddlecombe2-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Biddlecombe2_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBiddlecombe1990" class="citation book cs1">Biddlecombe, George (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/artrigging00steegoog"><i>The Art of Rigging: Containing an Explanation of Terms and Phrases and the Progressive Method of Rigging Expressly Adapted for Sailing Ships</i></a>. Dover Maritime Series. Courier Corporation. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/artrigging00steegoog/page/n33">13</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780486263434" title="Special:BookSources/9780486263434"><bdi>9780486263434</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Art+of+Rigging%3A+Containing+an+Explanation+of+Terms+and+Phrases+and+the+Progressive+Method+of+Rigging+Expressly+Adapted+for+Sailing+Ships&rft.series=Dover+Maritime+Series&rft.pages=13&rft.pub=Courier+Corporation&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=9780486263434&rft.aulast=Biddlecombe&rft.aufirst=George&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fartrigging00steegoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATacking+%28sailing%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Findlay2-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Findlay2_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFindlay2005" class="citation book cs1">Findlay, Gordon D. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OzFWjOMvGs4C&pg=PA138"><i>My Hand on the Tiller</i></a>. AuthorHouse. p. 138. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781456793500" title="Special:BookSources/9781456793500"><bdi>9781456793500</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=My+Hand+on+the+Tiller&rft.pages=138&rft.pub=AuthorHouse&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9781456793500&rft.aulast=Findlay&rft.aufirst=Gordon+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOzFWjOMvGs4C%26pg%3DPA138&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATacking+%28sailing%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hart2-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hart2_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHart2014" class="citation book cs1">Hart, Peter (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2-JKCQAAQBAJ&pg=PT380"><i>Windsurfing</i></a>. Crowood. p. 176. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84797-963-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84797-963-6"><bdi>978-1-84797-963-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Windsurfing&rft.pages=176&rft.pub=Crowood&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-84797-963-6&rft.aulast=Hart&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2-JKCQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT380&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATacking+%28sailing%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gratwick2-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Gratwick2_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGratwick2015" class="citation book cs1">Gratwick, Andy (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pELTBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA106"><i>The Kiteboarding Manual: The essential guide for beginners and improvers</i></a>. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 106. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4081-9204-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4081-9204-7"><bdi>978-1-4081-9204-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Kiteboarding+Manual%3A+The+essential+guide+for+beginners+and+improvers&rft.pages=106&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-4081-9204-7&rft.aulast=Gratwick&rft.aufirst=Andy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DpELTBgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA106&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATacking+%28sailing%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWorld2021" class="citation magazine cs1">World, Yachting (2021-04-08). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.yachtingworld.com/extraordinary-boats/jzerro-the-oceangoing-pacific-proa-130899">"Jzerro: The oceangoing Pacific proa"</a>. <i>Yachting World</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-11-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Yachting+World&rft.atitle=Jzerro%3A+The+oceangoing+Pacific+proa&rft.date=2021-04-08&rft.aulast=World&rft.aufirst=Yachting&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.yachtingworld.com%2Fextraordinary-boats%2Fjzerro-the-oceangoing-pacific-proa-130899&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATacking+%28sailing%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Royce-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Royce_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoyce2015" class="citation book cs1">Royce, Patrick M. (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mtqgsWaWciMC&q=sailing+header+footer&pg=PA97"><i>Royce's Sailing Illustrated</i></a>. Vol. 2 (11 ed.). ProStar Publications. p. 161. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780911284072" title="Special:BookSources/9780911284072"><bdi>9780911284072</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Royce%27s+Sailing+Illustrated&rft.pages=161&rft.edition=11&rft.pub=ProStar+Publications&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=9780911284072&rft.aulast=Royce&rft.aufirst=Patrick+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmtqgsWaWciMC%26q%3Dsailing%2Bheader%2Bfooter%26pg%3DPA97&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATacking+%28sailing%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:02-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:02_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBethwaite2008" class="citation book cs1">Bethwaite, Frank (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WTRLAAAAQBAJ&q=Higher+Performance+Sailing+-+Google+Books"><i>Higher performance sailing</i></a>. London: Adlard Coles Nautical. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4729-0131-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4729-0131-6"><bdi>978-1-4729-0131-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/854680844">854680844</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Higher+performance+sailing&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Adlard+Coles+Nautical&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F854680844&rft.isbn=978-1-4729-0131-6&rft.aulast=Bethwaite&rft.aufirst=Frank&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWTRLAAAAQBAJ%26q%3DHigher%2BPerformance%2BSailing%2B-%2BGoogle%2BBooks&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATacking+%28sailing%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCortStearns2013" class="citation book cs1">Cort, Adam; Stearns, Richard (2013-06-14). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bG8aJfIpgiQC&q=race+course"><i>Getting Started in Sailboat Racing, 2nd Edition</i></a>. McGraw Hill Professional. pp. 6–7. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-07-180827-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-07-180827-9"><bdi>978-0-07-180827-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Getting+Started+in+Sailboat+Racing%2C+2nd+Edition&rft.pages=6-7&rft.pub=McGraw+Hill+Professional&rft.date=2013-06-14&rft.isbn=978-0-07-180827-9&rft.aulast=Cort&rft.aufirst=Adam&rft.au=Stearns%2C+Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbG8aJfIpgiQC%26q%3Drace%2Bcourse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATacking+%28sailing%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalker1986" class="citation book cs1">Walker, Stuart H. (1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DrONGOuRNoQC&q=tacking"><i>Advanced Racing Tactics</i></a>. W. W. Norton & Company. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-393-30333-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-393-30333-9"><bdi>978-0-393-30333-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Advanced+Racing+Tactics&rft.pub=W.+W.+Norton+%26+Company&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=978-0-393-30333-9&rft.aulast=Walker&rft.aufirst=Stuart+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDrONGOuRNoQC%26q%3Dtacking&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATacking+%28sailing%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJobsonWhiddenLoory1990" class="citation book cs1">Jobson, Gary L.; Whidden, Tom; Loory, Adam (1990-07-15). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=w-WuY0nhnO8C&dq=tacking+duel&pg=PA160"><i>Championship Tactics: How Anyone Can Sail Faster, Smarter, and Win Races</i></a>. Macmillan. p. 160. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-312-04278-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-312-04278-3"><bdi>978-0-312-04278-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Championship+Tactics%3A+How+Anyone+Can+Sail+Faster%2C+Smarter%2C+and+Win+Races&rft.pages=160&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.date=1990-07-15&rft.isbn=978-0-312-04278-3&rft.aulast=Jobson&rft.aufirst=Gary+L.&rft.au=Whidden%2C+Tom&rft.au=Loory%2C+Adam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dw-WuY0nhnO8C%26dq%3Dtacking%2Bduel%26pg%3DPA160&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATacking+%28sailing%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpenkuchTurnockScarponiShenoi2010" class="citation journal cs1">Spenkuch, Thomas; Turnock, Stephen; Scarponi, Matteo; Shenoi, Ajit (2010-06-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877705810004030">"Real time simulation of tacking yachts: how best to counter the advantage of an upwind yacht"</a>. <i>Procedia Engineering</i>. The Engineering of Sport 8 - Engineering Emotion. <b>2</b> (2): 3305–3310. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.proeng.2010.04.149">10.1016/j.proeng.2010.04.149</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1877-7058">1877-7058</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Procedia+Engineering&rft.atitle=Real+time+simulation+of+tacking+yachts%3A+how+best+to+counter+the+advantage+of+an+upwind+yacht&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=3305-3310&rft.date=2010-06-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.proeng.2010.04.149&rft.issn=1877-7058&rft.aulast=Spenkuch&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.au=Turnock%2C+Stephen&rft.au=Scarponi%2C+Matteo&rft.au=Shenoi%2C+Ajit&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fpii%2FS1877705810004030&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATacking+%28sailing%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTextor1995" class="citation book cs1">Textor, Ken (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2JIbS0c1XPwC&dq=roll+tacking&pg=PA54"><i>The New Book of Sail Trim</i></a>. Sheridan House, Inc. pp. 54–57. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-924486-81-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-924486-81-4"><bdi>978-0-924486-81-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+New+Book+of+Sail+Trim&rft.pages=54-57&rft.pub=Sheridan+House%2C+Inc.&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-924486-81-4&rft.aulast=Textor&rft.aufirst=Ken&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2JIbS0c1XPwC%26dq%3Droll%2Btacking%26pg%3DPA54&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATacking+%28sailing%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWestling2016" class="citation web cs1">Westling, Niclas (2016-03-13). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sailbetter.com/roll-tacking-keel-boat/">"Roll tacking in a keelboat - two methods to try"</a>. <i>Sail better!</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-09-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sail+better%21&rft.atitle=Roll+tacking+in+a+keelboat+-+two+methods+to+try&rft.date=2016-03-13&rft.aulast=Westling&rft.aufirst=Niclas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sailbetter.com%2Froll-tacking-keel-boat%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATacking+%28sailing%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Page_10-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Page_10_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/easternsun19690915-1.2.102">"ENGLAND'S TEAM of Peter Claydon and Nicholas Martin (right) are seen here on their way to overall victory"</a>. No. 15 September 1969. Eastern Sun Newspaper. 15 September 1969. p. 10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=ENGLAND%27S+TEAM+of+Peter+Claydon+and+Nicholas+Martin+%28right%29+are+seen+here+on+their+way+to+overall+victory&rft.issue=15+September+1969&rft.pages=10&rft.date=1969-09-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feresources.nlb.gov.sg%2Fnewspapers%2Fdigitised%2Farticle%2Feasternsun19690915-1.2.102&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATacking+%28sailing%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output 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template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sailing_manoeuvres" title="Template talk:Sailing manoeuvres"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sailing_manoeuvres" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sailing manoeuvres"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Sailing_and_manoeuvres" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Sailing" title="Sailing">Sailing</a> and manoeuvres</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/Sailing_(sport)" title="Sailing (sport)">sport</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yacht_racing" title="Yacht racing">racing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cruising_(maritime)" title="Cruising (maritime)">cruising</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sailing" title="Sailing">Sailing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Center_of_lateral_resistance" title="Center of lateral resistance">Center of lateral resistance</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lee_helm" title="Lee helm">Lee helm</a>, <a href="/wiki/Weather_helm" title="Weather helm">Weather helm</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Point_of_sail" title="Point of sail">Point of sail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forces_on_sails" title="Forces on sails">Forces on sails</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiking_(sailing)" title="Hiking (sailing)">Hiking</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Racing_Rules_of_Sailing" title="Racing Rules of Sailing">Racing Rules of Sailing</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rounding_up" title="Rounding up">Rounding up</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sail_twist" title="Sail twist">Sail twist</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Beating_an_upwind_course.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/32/Beating_an_upwind_course.svg/54px-Beating_an_upwind_course.svg.png" decoding="async" width="54" height="46" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/32/Beating_an_upwind_course.svg/81px-Beating_an_upwind_course.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/32/Beating_an_upwind_course.svg/108px-Beating_an_upwind_course.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="263" data-file-height="226" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Manoeuvres</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Point_of_sail" title="Point of sail">Close-hauled</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heaving_to" title="Heaving to">Heaving to</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heeling_(sailing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Heeling (sailing)">Heeling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Point_of_sail#In_irons" title="Point of sail">In irons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jibe" title="Jibe">Jibe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Point_of_sail" title="Point of sail">Reaching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Point_of_sail" title="Point of sail">Running</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reefing" title="Reefing">Reefing</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tacking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wing_on_wing" class="mw-redirect" title="Wing on wing">Wing on wing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Accidents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Broach_(sailing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Broach (sailing)">Broach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capsizing" title="Capsizing">Capsizing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_gybe" title="Chinese gybe">Chinese gybe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_roll" title="Death roll">Death roll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turtling_(sailing)" title="Turtling (sailing)">Turtling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"> </th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Planing_(sailing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Planing (sailing)">Planing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tacking_(sailing)&oldid=1245962107">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tacking_(sailing)&oldid=1245962107</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" 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