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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="eu" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox" style="width:22em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="hd" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;background-color: lightsteelblue">Feliciana Etxabe Artola</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center;background-color: lightsteelblue">Bizitza</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Jaiotza</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Zeberio" title="Zeberio">Zeberio</a>, <a href="/wiki/1897" title="1897">1897ko</a> <a href="/wiki/Urtarrilaren_13" title="Urtarrilaren 13">urtarrilaren 13a</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Herrialdea</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Bandera_de_Vizcaya.svg/22px-Bandera_de_Vizcaya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Bandera_de_Vizcaya.svg/33px-Bandera_de_Vizcaya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Bandera_de_Vizcaya.svg/44px-Bandera_de_Vizcaya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Bizkaia" title="Bizkaia">Bizkaia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Euskal_Herria" title="Euskal Herria">Euskal Herria</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Heriotza</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Vista_Alegre_hilerria" title="Vista Alegre hilerria">Derioko hilerria</a>, <a href="/wiki/1938" title="1938">1938ko</a> <a href="/wiki/Abuztuaren_26" title="Abuztuaren 26">abuztuaren 26a</a> (41 urte)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Heriotza modua</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Fusilatze" title="Fusilatze">fusilamendua</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="text-align:center;background-color: lightsteelblue">Jarduerak</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Jarduerak</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Etxeko_langile" title="Etxeko langile">etxeko langilea</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Feliciana Etxabe Artola</b> (<a href="/wiki/Zeberio" title="Zeberio">Zeberio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bizkaia" title="Bizkaia">Bizkaia</a>, <a href="/wiki/1897" title="1897">1897ko</a> <a href="/wiki/Urtarrilaren_13" title="Urtarrilaren 13">urtarrilaren 13a</a> - <a href="/wiki/Bilbo" title="Bilbo">Bilbo</a>, <a href="/wiki/1938" title="1938">1938ko</a> <a href="/wiki/Abuztuaren_26" title="Abuztuaren 26">abuztuaren 26a</a>) etxekoandrea zen. <a href="/wiki/Espainiako_Gerra_Zibila" title="Espainiako Gerra Zibila">Espainiako 1936ko Gerra</a> garaian, salaketa baten ondorioz, atxilotu, espetxeratu eta heriotza-zigorra ezarri zioten. <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Franco" title="Francisco Franco">Francisco Francok</a> 1938ko uztailaren 9an eman zuen jakitera ezarritako heriotza-zigorra, eta abuztuaren 26an goizaldean <a href="/wiki/Derio" title="Derio">Derion</a> fusilatu eta Bilboko udal hilerrian lurperatu zuten.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bizitza">Bizitza</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Feliciana_Etxabe_Artola&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Bizitza»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Feliciana_Etxabe_Artola&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Bizitza"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Feliciana Etxabe Artola 1897ko urtarrilaren 13an jaio zen Zeberion, Bizkaian. Ignacio Etxabe eta María Juana Artolaren alaba zen. Antolin Artiñano Garabietarekin ezkonduta zegoen eta gutxienez alaba bat zuen, Carmen Artiñano Etxabe. Etxekoandre lan egiten zuen, eta Bilboko Olabeaga auzoan bizi zen, zehazki, Troca kaleko 3-2 zenbakian. </p><p>Frankistek Bilbo konkistatu baino lehentxeago, Feliciana Etxabek <a href="/wiki/Santander" title="Santander">Santanderrerantz</a> ihes egin zuen, eta hura okupatu zutenean, <a href="/wiki/Gij%C3%B3n" title="Gijón">Gijonera</a> abiatu zen. <a href="/wiki/Asturiasko_Printzerria" title="Asturiasko Printzerria">Asturiasko</a> hiriburua okupatu ondoren, <a href="/wiki/Valladolid" title="Valladolid">Valladolidera</a> joan zen bizitzera, eta han lisatzaile lan egin zuen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Atxiloketa">Atxiloketa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Feliciana_Etxabe_Artola&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Atxiloketa»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Feliciana_Etxabe_Artola&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Atxiloketa"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Valladoliden atxilotu zuten, 1937ko abenduaren amaieran, Santiago Alonso Sanchezekin batera. Abenduaren 28an Bilbon jarritako salaketa baten ondorioz atxilotu ere. Salatzaileak <a href="/wiki/Guardia_de_Asalto" title="Guardia de Asalto">Asaltoko Guardiaren</a> aurrean adierazi zuenez, "1937ko ekainaren 16an miliziano-talde bat hurbildu zen haren etxera, Feliciana Artola eta beste emakume batekin batera. Horiek aipatutako txaleta miatzeari ekin zioten, bertatik tiro egin zutela argudiatuz. Aipatutako Felicianaren salaketaz, bertan zeuden gizon guztiak atxilotuz. Gizon horiek gela batean giltzapetu zituzten, haietako lau hil egin zituzten, eta bat larri zauritu". Gainera, adierazi zuenez, "salatzaileak ikusi zuen Felicianak guardiei salaketa bat sinatzen ziela, eta haiek salaketa hori aurkeztu zuten gertakariak legeztatzeko". </p><p>Atxilotu ondoren, berehala eraman zituzten Bilboko Segurtasun eta Zaintza Kidegoaren bulegoetara. Atxilotuaren etxea 1937ko abenduaren 31n erregistratu zuen poliziak, senarra, ahizpa Bonifazia eta alaba Carmen aurrean zirela. Agenteek etxean egindako aktaren arabera, 1937ko ekainean milizianoek erasotako txaletean bizi zen emakumearen hainbat jantzi aurkitu zituzten. </p><p>Egun horretan bertan, agenteek galdeketa egin zioten Felicianari, honek adierazi zuen aurkitutako arropak bere jabetzakoak zirela. Bestalde, Santiago Alonso Sanchezek ukatu egin zuen Felicianarekin inolako bikote harremanik izan zuenik, haren etxean ostatu hartu baino ez zuela egin eta Valladolidera "beldurragatik" joan zirela, "atxilotu egingo zituztelakoan". </p><p>Salaketarik larrienak Felicianaren ahizpa Bonifaziak eta senar Antolinenek egin zituzten. Lehenengoak esan zuenez, "zoritxarrez badakit pertsona txarra dela, Santiago Alonso bikotekide du, senarra abandonatuta utzi du. Milizianoz jantzitako bikote honek hainbat gauza konfiskatzen jardun dute, (...) Gogoratzen dut auzotarrei entzun izana Feliciana gertakarien erruduna dela esaten". Senarrak jakinarazi zuen, halaber, "Santiago Alonsorekin bizi zela, lapurretan aritu zirela, eta hainbat aldiz falta izan zela etxetik hilabete batzuetan, eta bazekiela denbora horretan Santiagorekin zela". Etxeko zenbait altzari bere jabetzakoak ez zirela ere adierazi zuen, "nork eraman zuen ikusi gabe sartu zela, bere emazteak eta aipatutako Santiago Alonsok bidali zutela suposatuz". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Espetxeratzea">Espetxeratzea</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Feliciana_Etxabe_Artola&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Espetxeratzea»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Feliciana_Etxabe_Artola&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Espetxeratzea"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Orue_txaleta_espetxea.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Orue_txaleta_espetxea.jpg/250px-Orue_txaleta_espetxea.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="194" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Orue_txaleta_espetxea.jpg/375px-Orue_txaleta_espetxea.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Orue_txaleta_espetxea.jpg/500px-Orue_txaleta_espetxea.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3061" data-file-height="2379" /></a><figcaption>Orue txaleteko emakumeen kartzela</figcaption></figure> <p>1938ko urtarrilaren 1ean <a href="/wiki/Orue_Txaleteko_Emakumeen_Kartzela" title="Orue Txaleteko Emakumeen Kartzela">Orue Txaleteko Emakumeen kartzelan</a> sartu zuten, <a href="/wiki/Bego%C3%B1ako_errepublika" title="Begoñako errepublika">Begoña</a> auzoan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Heriotza-zigorra">Heriotza-zigorra</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Feliciana_Etxabe_Artola&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Heriotza-zigorra»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Feliciana_Etxabe_Artola&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Heriotza-zigorra"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1938ko otsailaren 18an, fiskalak heriotza-zigorra eskatu zuen Feliciana Etxaberentzat, miliziano asturiarrei Mieg jaunaren txaletetik tiro egiten ari zirela jakinarazteagatik, "txalet horretara joan zitezen eta haiek hil zitzaten bultzatzeagatik, ondoren etxea arpilatuz eta zilarra eta zenbait arropa eramanez". </p><p>Santiago Alonsorentzat eskatutako zigorra betiko giltzapetzea izan zen, "aurreko auzipetuarekin ezkondu gisa bizitzeagatik, esku hartzen zuen arpilatzeetara laguntzeagatik eta miliziano boluntario gisa egoteagatik". </p><p>Epaitegi militarrak 1938ko martxoaren 9an erabaki zuen Feliciana hiltzera zigortzea eta Santiago 20 urteko espetxera kondenatzea<b>.</b> Uztailaren 9an, estatuburuak heriotza-zigorraren berri izan zuen, eta ez zen kommutatu. </p><p>1938ko abuztuaren 26ko goizeko 06:00etan fusilatu zuten Feliciana Etxabe Artola Derioko hilerrian. Santiago Alonsok baldintzapeko askatasuna berreskuratu zuen 1941eko irailaren 18an eta Astorgako Espetxe Zentraletik irten ondoren, Bilbora joan zen bizitzera. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aintzatespenak">Aintzatespenak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Feliciana_Etxabe_Artola&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Aintzatespenak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Feliciana_Etxabe_Artola&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Aintzatespenak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>2022ko azaroaren 25ean Frankismo garaian hiriko kartzeletan errepresaliatutako emakumeak omendu zituen Bilbok, lore eskaintza batekin eta Santutxuko Orue txaleta oroitzeko plaka baten inaugurazioarekin. Feliciana Etxabe omenduen zerrendan azaltzen zen.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <ul><li>2023ko azaroaren 25ean Baskale, Akelarre, PCE-EPK, Eusko Lurra Fundazioa, CNT eta Santutxuko Familia Elkarteak omenaldia egin zieten <a href="/wiki/Orue_Txaleteko_Emakumeen_Kartzela" title="Orue Txaleteko Emakumeen Kartzela">Orueko txaleteko Emakumeen kartzelan</a>, frankismoak emakumeen aurka aplikatu zuen indarkeria sistematikoagatik preso egon ziren emakumeei, haien artean Feliciana Etxaberi.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Erreferentziak">Erreferentziak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Feliciana_Etxabe_Artola&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Erreferentziak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Feliciana_Etxabe_Artola&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Erreferentziak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-width" style="-moz-column-width: 30em; -webkit-column-width: 30em; column-width: 30em; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://15mpedia.org/wiki/Feliciana_Echave_Artola">«Feliciana Echave Artola»</a> <i>15Mpedia</i> <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2024-06-26)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.navioanarquico.org/index.php/sangre/represion/E/0">«Navío Anárquico»</a> <i>www.navioanarquico.org</i> <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2024-06-26)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"> </span> <span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://electomania.es/eu/bilbao26n22/">«Bilbok omenaldia egiten die frankismoak errepresaliatuei»</a> <i>Electomanía</i> 2022-11-26 <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2024-07-06)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFPress2022-11-26">Press, Europa.  (2022-11-26). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.europapress.es/euskadi/noticia-bilbao-homenajea-represaliadas-franquismo-placa-dedicada-encarceladas-chalet-orue-20221126125839.html">«Bilbao homenajea a las represaliadas por el franquismo con una placa dedicada a las encarceladas en el chalet de Orue»</a> <i>www.europapress.es</i> <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2024-07-06)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"></span> <span class="citation" id="CITEREFConfederal2023-11-23">Confederal, Secretaría de Comunicación Comité.  (2023-11-23). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnt.es/noticias/25n-acto-de-memoria-por-las-mujeres-represaliadas-en-bilbao/">«25N: acto de memoria por las mujeres represaliadas en Bilbao»</a> <i>Confederación Nacional del Trabajo</i> <span class="reference-accessdate"><small>(Noiz kontsultatua: 2024-07-06)</small></span></span>.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kanpo_estekak">Kanpo estekak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Feliciana_Etxabe_Artola&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Kanpo estekak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Feliciana_Etxabe_Artola&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Kanpo estekak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div 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