CINXE.COM

Itália – Wikipédia, a enciclopédia livre

<!doctype html> <html class="client-nojs skin-theme-clientpref-day mf-expand-sections-clientpref-0 mf-font-size-clientpref-small mw-mf-amc-clientpref-0" lang="pt" dir="ltr"> <head> <base href="https://pt.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/It%C3%A1lia"> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Itália – Wikipédia, a enciclopédia livre</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js skin-theme-clientpref-day mf-expand-sections-clientpref-0 mf-font-size-clientpref-small mw-mf-amc-clientpref-0";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )ptwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":[",\t."," \t,"],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","janeiro","fevereiro","março","abril","maio","junho","julho","agosto","setembro","outubro","novembro","dezembro"],"wgRequestId":"a1a52a61-083e-4f46-a574-800331b2b3aa","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Itália","wgTitle":"Itália","wgCurRevisionId":68701152,"wgRevisionId":68701152,"wgArticleId":1039, "wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"pt","wgPageContentLanguage":"pt","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Itália","wgRelevantArticleId":1039,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"pt","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"pt"},"wgMFMode":"stable","wgMFAmc":false,"wgMFAmcOutreachActive":false,"wgMFAmcOutreachUserEligible":false,"wgMFLazyLoadImages":true,"wgMFEditNoticesFeatureConflict":false,"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgMFIsSupportedEditRequest":true,"wgMFScriptPath":"","wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":200000, "wgCoordinates":{"lat":43,"lon":12},"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":true,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgSectionTranslationMissingLanguages":[{"lang":"bdr","autonym":"Bajau Sama","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bho","autonym":"भोजपुरी","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bjn","autonym":"Banjar","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"cr","autonym":"Nēhiyawēwin / ᓀᐦᐃᔭᐍᐏᐣ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"dga","autonym":"Dagaare","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"dtp","autonym":"Kadazandusun","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fat","autonym":"mfantse","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fon","autonym":"fɔ̀ngbè","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"glk","autonym":"گیلکی","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"gpe","autonym":"Ghanaian Pidgin","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"guc","autonym":"wayuunaiki","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gur","autonym":"farefare","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"guw","autonym":"gungbe","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"igl","autonym":"Igala","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kl","autonym":"kalaallisut","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kus","autonym":"Kʋsaal","dir":"ltr"},{ "lang":"mnw","autonym":"ဘာသာမန်","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mos","autonym":"moore","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nah","autonym":"Nāhuatl","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nan","autonym":"閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nb","autonym":"norsk bokmål","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nr","autonym":"isiNdebele seSewula","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pcm","autonym":"Naijá","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pwn","autonym":"pinayuanan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"rsk","autonym":"руски","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"rup","autonym":"armãneashti","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sgs","autonym":"žemaitėška","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tdd","autonym":"ᥖᥭᥰ ᥖᥬᥲ ᥑᥨᥒᥰ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"vro","autonym":"võro","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"yue","autonym":"粵語","dir":"ltr"}],"wgSectionTranslationTargetLanguages":["ace","ady","alt","am","ami","an","ang","ann","anp","ar","ary","arz","as","ast","av","avk","awa","ay","az","azb","ba","ban","bar","bbc","bcl","bdr","be","bew","bg","bho","bi","bjn","blk","bm","bn","bo","bpy","br","bs", "btm","bug","ca","cdo","ce","ceb","ch","chr","ckb","co","cr","crh","cs","cu","cy","da","dag","de","dga","din","diq","dsb","dtp","dv","dz","ee","el","eml","eo","es","et","eu","fa","fat","ff","fi","fj","fo","fon","fr","frp","frr","fur","fy","gag","gan","gcr","gl","glk","gn","gom","gor","gpe","gu","guc","gur","guw","gv","ha","hak","haw","he","hi","hif","hr","hsb","ht","hu","hy","hyw","ia","iba","ie","ig","igl","ilo","io","is","it","iu","ja","jam","jv","ka","kaa","kab","kbd","kbp","kcg","kg","kge","ki","kk","kl","km","kn","ko","koi","krc","ks","ku","kus","kv","kw","ky","lad","lb","lez","lg","li","lij","lld","lmo","ln","lo","lt","ltg","lv","mad","mai","map-bms","mdf","mg","mhr","mi","min","mk","ml","mn","mni","mnw","mos","mr","mrj","ms","mt","mwl","my","myv","mzn","nah","nan","nap","nb","nds","nds-nl","ne","new","nia","nl","nn","nqo","nr","nso","ny","oc","om","or","os","pa","pag","pam","pap","pcd","pcm","pdc","pl","pms","pnb","ps","pt","pwn","qu","rm","rn","ro","rsk","rue","rup","rw","sa", "sah","sat","sc","scn","sco","sd","se","sg","sgs","sh","shi","shn","si","sk","skr","sl","sm","smn","sn","so","sq","sr","srn","ss","st","stq","su","sv","sw","szl","ta","tay","tcy","tdd","te","tet","tg","th","ti","tk","tl","tly","tn","to","tpi","tr","trv","ts","tt","tum","tw","ty","tyv","udm","ur","uz","ve","vec","vep","vi","vls","vo","vro","wa","war","wo","wuu","xal","xh","xmf","yi","yo","yue","za","zgh","zh","zu"],"isLanguageSearcherCXEntrypointEnabled":true,"mintEntrypointLanguages":["ace","ast","azb","bcl","bjn","bh","crh","ff","fon","ig","is","ki","ks","lmo","min","sat","ss","tn","vec"],"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q38","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":true,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false,"wgMinervaPermissions":{"watchable":true,"watch":false}, "wgMinervaFeatures":{"beta":false,"donate":true,"mobileOptionsLink":true,"categories":false,"pageIssues":true,"talkAtTop":false,"historyInPageActions":false,"overflowSubmenu":false,"tabsOnSpecials":true,"personalMenu":false,"mainMenuExpanded":false,"echo":true,"nightMode":true},"wgMinervaDownloadNamespaces":[0],"wgSiteNoticeId":"2.30"};RLSTATE={"ext.gadget.FeedbackHighlight-base":"ready","ext.gadget.keepPDU":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.kartographer.style":"ready","ext.cite.styles":"ready","ext.phonos.styles":"ready","ext.phonos.icons":"ready","mediawiki.page.gallery.styles":"ready","ext.tmh.player.styles":"ready","skins.minerva.styles":"ready","skins.minerva.content.styles.images":"ready","mediawiki.hlist":"ready","skins.minerva.codex.styles":"ready","skins.minerva.icons":"ready","jquery.tablesorter.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles": "ready","mobile.init.styles":"ready","ext.relatedArticles.styles":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready","ext.dismissableSiteNotice.styles":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.kartographer.link","ext.cite.ux-enhancements","ext.phonos.init","mediawiki.page.gallery","ext.tmh.player","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.tablesorter","skins.minerva.scripts","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.Topicon","ext.gadget.Metacaixa","ext.gadget.TitleRewrite","ext.gadget.ElementosOcultaveis","ext.gadget.FeedbackHighlight","ext.gadget.NewVillagePump","ext.gadget.wikibugs","ext.gadget.charinsert","ext.gadget.requestForAdminship","ext.gadget.WikiMiniAtlas","ext.gadget.PagesForDeletion","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","ext.popups","mobile.init","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.relatedArticles.readMore.bootstrap","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming", "ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.entrypoints.mffrequentlanguages","ext.cx.entrypoints.languagesearcher.init","mw.externalguidance.init","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","oojs-ui.styles.icons-media","oojs-ui-core.icons","wikibase.sidebar.tracking","ext.dismissableSiteNotice"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=pt&amp;modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.dismissableSiteNotice.styles%7Cext.kartographer.style%7Cext.phonos.icons%2Cstyles%7Cext.relatedArticles.styles%7Cext.tmh.player.styles%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.tablesorter.styles%7Cmediawiki.hlist%7Cmediawiki.page.gallery.styles%7Cmobile.init.styles%7Cskins.minerva.codex.styles%7Cskins.minerva.content.styles.images%7Cskins.minerva.icons%2Cstyles%7Cwikibase.client.init&amp;only=styles&amp;skin=minerva"> <script async src="/w/load.php?lang=pt&amp;modules=startup&amp;only=scripts&amp;raw=1&amp;skin=minerva"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=pt&amp;modules=ext.gadget.FeedbackHighlight-base%2CkeepPDU&amp;only=styles&amp;skin=minerva"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=pt&amp;modules=site.styles&amp;only=styles&amp;skin=minerva"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#eaecf0"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/1200px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="800"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/800px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="533"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/640px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="427"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, user-scalable=yes, minimum-scale=0.25, maximum-scale=5.0"> <meta property="og:title" content="Itália – Wikipédia, a enciclopédia livre"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="manifest" href="/w/api.php?action=webapp-manifest"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Editar" href="/w/index.php?title=It%C3%A1lia&amp;action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipédia (pt)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//pt.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/It%C3%A1lia"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.pt"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> <meta http-equiv="X-Translated-By" content="Google"> <meta http-equiv="X-Translated-To" content="en"> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.gstatic.com/_/translate_http/_/js/k=translate_http.tr.en_GB.omlEigW4xY8.O/am=DgY/d=1/rs=AN8SPfpjsL9kUWY0h-sp7Ilu7hZWGwEmeg/m=corsproxy" data-sourceurl="https://pt.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/It%C3%A1lia"></script> <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Material+Symbols+Outlined:opsz,wght,FILL,GRAD@20..48,100..700,0..1,-50..200" rel="stylesheet"> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.gstatic.com/_/translate_http/_/js/k=translate_http.tr.en_GB.omlEigW4xY8.O/am=DgY/d=1/exm=corsproxy/ed=1/rs=AN8SPfpjsL9kUWY0h-sp7Ilu7hZWGwEmeg/m=phishing_protection" data-phishing-protection-enabled="false" data-forms-warning-enabled="true" data-source-url="https://pt.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/It%C3%A1lia"></script> <meta name="robots" content="none"> </head> <body class="mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Itália rootpage-Itália stable issues-group-B skin-minerva action-view skin--responsive mw-mf-amc-disabled mw-mf"> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.gstatic.com/_/translate_http/_/js/k=translate_http.tr.en_GB.omlEigW4xY8.O/am=DgY/d=1/exm=corsproxy,phishing_protection/ed=1/rs=AN8SPfpjsL9kUWY0h-sp7Ilu7hZWGwEmeg/m=navigationui" data-environment="prod" data-proxy-url="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog" data-proxy-full-url="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-source-url="https://pt.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/It%C3%A1lia" data-source-language="auto" data-target-language="en" data-display-language="en-GB" data-detected-source-language="pt" data-is-source-untranslated="false" data-source-untranslated-url="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://pt.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/It%25C3%25A1lia&amp;anno=2" data-client="tr"></script> <div id="mw-mf-viewport"> <div id="mw-mf-page-center"><a class="mw-mf-page-center__mask" href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#"></a> <header class="header-container header-chrome"> <div class="minerva-header"> <nav class="navigation-drawer toggle-list view-border-box"><input type="checkbox" id="main-menu-input" class="toggle-list__checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" aria-labelledby="mw-mf-main-menu-button"> <label role="button" for="main-menu-input" id="mw-mf-main-menu-button" aria-hidden="true" data-event-name="ui.mainmenu" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet toggle-list__toggle"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--menu"></span> <span></span> </label> <div id="mw-mf-page-left" class="menu view-border-box"> <ul id="p-navigation" class="toggle-list__list"> <li class="toggle-list-item "><a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--home" href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:P%C3%A1gina_principal?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-mw="interface"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--home"></span> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">Início</span> </a></li> <li class="toggle-list-item "><a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--random" href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Especial:Aleat%C3%B3ria?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-mw="interface"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--die"></span> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">Aleatório</span> </a></li> <li class="toggle-list-item skin-minerva-list-item-jsonly"><a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--nearby" href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Especial:Nearby?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-event-name="menu.nearby" data-mw="interface"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--mapPin"></span> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">Aqui perto</span> </a></li> </ul> <ul id="p-personal" class="toggle-list__list"> <li class="toggle-list-item "><a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--login" href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Especial:Entrar&amp;returnto=It%C3%A1lia&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-event-name="menu.login" data-mw="interface"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--logIn"></span> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">Entrar</span> </a></li> </ul> <ul id="pt-preferences" class="toggle-list__list"> <li class="toggle-list-item skin-minerva-list-item-jsonly"><a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--settings" href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Especial:MobileOptions&amp;returnto=It%C3%A1lia&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-event-name="menu.settings" data-mw="interface"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--settings"></span> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">Definições</span> </a></li> </ul> <ul id="p-donation" class="toggle-list__list"> <li class="toggle-list-item "><a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--donate" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source%3Ddonate%26utm_medium%3Dsidebar%26utm_campaign%3D20120521SB001%26uselang%3Dpt%26utm_key%3Dminerva" data-event-name="menu.donate" data-mw="interface"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--heart"></span> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">Donativos</span> </a></li> </ul> <ul class="hlist"> <li class="toggle-list-item "><a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--about" href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Sobre?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-mw="interface"> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">Sobre a Wikipédia</span> </a></li> <li class="toggle-list-item "><a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--disclaimers" href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Aviso_geral?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-mw="interface"> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">Avisos gerais</span> </a></li> </ul> </div><label class="main-menu-mask" for="main-menu-input"></label> </nav> <div class="branding-box"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:P%C3%A1gina_principal?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <span><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-fr.svg" alt="Wikipédia" width="119" height="18" style="width: 7.4375em; height: 1.125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <form action="/w/index.php" method="get" class="minerva-search-form"> <div class="search-box"><input type="hidden" name="title" value="Especial:Pesquisar"> <input class="search skin-minerva-search-trigger" id="searchInput" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Pesquisar na Wikipédia" aria-label="Pesquisar na Wikipédia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Pesquisar na Wikipédia [f]" accesskey="f"> <span class="search-box-icon-overlay"><span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--search"></span> </span> </div><button id="searchIcon" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet skin-minerva-search-trigger"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--search"></span> <span>Pesquisar</span> </button> </form> <nav class="minerva-user-navigation" aria-label="Navegação do utilizador"> </nav> </div> </header> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <div class="banner-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="pre-content heading-holder"> <div class="page-heading"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Itália</span></h1> <div class="tagline"> país na Europa </div> </div> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#p-lang" data-mw="interface" data-event-name="menu.languages" title="Língua" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet language-selector"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--language"></span> <span>Língua</span> </a></li> <li id="page-actions-watch" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" id="ca-watch" href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Especial:Entrar&amp;returnto=It%C3%A1lia&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-event-name="menu.watch" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet menu__item--page-actions-watch"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--star"></span> <span>Vigiar</span> </a></li> <li id="page-actions-edit" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" id="ca-edit" href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=It%C3%A1lia&amp;action=edit&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-event-name="menu.edit" data-mw="interface" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet edit-page menu__item--page-actions-edit"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>Editar</span> </a></li> </ul> </nav><!-- version 1.0.2 (change every time you update a partial) --> <div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"> <script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script> <div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="pt" dir="ltr"> <section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <p class="mw-empty-elt"></p> <div class="hatnote"> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Disambig_grey.svg/20px-Disambig_grey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Disambig_grey.svg/30px-Disambig_grey.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Disambig_grey.svg/40px-Disambig_grey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="260" data-file-height="200"></span></span>&nbsp;<b>Nota:</b> Para outros significados, veja <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia_(desambigua%C3%A7%C3%A3o)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="Itália (desambiguação)">Itália (desambiguação)</a>. </div> <p><b>Itália</b> (em <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_italiana?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Língua italiana">italiano</a>: <span lang="it"><i>Italia</i></span> <small></small><span title="Representação no Alfabeto Fonético Internacional (AFI)" class="AFI"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:AFI_para_italiano?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipédia:AFI para italiano">[iˈtaːlja]</a></span> <span class="nowrap" style="font-size:85%">(<span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{&quot;_&quot;:&quot;mw.Phonos.PhonosButton&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/1\/1d\/It-Italia.ogg\/It-Italia.ogg.mp3&quot;,&quot;rel&quot;:[&quot;nofollow&quot;],&quot;framed&quot;:false,&quot;icon&quot;:&quot;volumeUp&quot;,&quot;label&quot;:{&quot;html&quot;:&quot;escutar&quot;},&quot;data&quot;:{&quot;ipa&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;lang&quot;:&quot;pt&quot;,&quot;wikibase&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;file&quot;:&quot;It-Italia.ogg&quot;},&quot;classes&quot;:[&quot;ext-phonos-PhonosButton&quot;,&quot;noexcerpt&quot;]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1d/It-Italia.ogg/It-Italia.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Reproduzir áudio" title="Reproduzir áudio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">escutar</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:It-Italia.ogg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ficheiro:It-Italia.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span>)</span>), oficialmente <b>República Italiana</b> (em italiano: <span lang="it"><i>Repubblica Italiana</i></span>), é uma <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_parlamentarista?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="República parlamentarista">república parlamentar</a> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Estado_unit%C3%A1rio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Estado unitário">unitária</a> localizada no <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Europa_meridional?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Europa meridional">centro-sul</a> da <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Europa?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Europa">Europa</a>. Ao norte, faz fronteira com <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="França">França</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Su%C3%AD%C3%A7a?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Suíça">Suíça</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%81ustria?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Áustria">Áustria</a> e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eslov%C3%AAnia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Eslovênia">Eslovênia</a> ao longo dos <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alpes?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alpes">Alpes</a>. A parte sul consiste na totalidade da <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pen%C3%ADnsula_It%C3%A1lica?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Península Itálica">península Itálica</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sic%C3%ADlia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sicília">Sicília</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sardenha?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sardenha">Sardenha</a>, as duas maiores ilhas no <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mar_Mediterr%C3%A2neo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mar Mediterrâneo">mar Mediterrâneo</a>, e muitas outras ilhas menores ficam no entorno do território italiano. Os Estados independentes de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/San_Marino?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="San Marino">San Marino</a> e do <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vaticano?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vaticano">Vaticano</a> são <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Enclave?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Enclave">enclaves</a> no interior da Itália, enquanto <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Campione_d%27Italia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Campione d'Italia">Campione d'Italia</a> é um <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Exclave?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Exclave">exclave</a> italiano na Suíça. O território do país abrange cerca de 301&nbsp;338 km² e a maior parte do seu território tem um <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Clima_temperado?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Clima temperado">clima temperado</a> sazonal. Com 60,8 milhões de habitantes em 2015, é a quinta nação mais populosa da Europa e a <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lista_de_pa%C3%ADses_por_popula%C3%A7%C3%A3o?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lista de países por população">23.ª do mundo</a>.</p> <table class="infobox geography" cellpadding="3" border="0" style="width:22em; border:1px solid #A2A9B1; background:#f9f9f9; font-size:88%; margin-top:1.5em;"> <tbody> <tr> <th colspan="2" class="fn" style="text-align:center; margin-left:inherit; font-size:135%; padding-bottom: 0.3em; line-height:1.1em; border-collapse: collapse;"><span class="">República Italiana<br><small><i>Repubblica Italiana</i></small></span></th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"> <div class="noresize" style="display:table; width:100%;"> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding-left:5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"> <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:Flag_of_Italy.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Bandeira da Itália"><img alt="Bandeira da Itália" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/125px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/188px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/250px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000"></a></span> </div> <div> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bandeira_da_It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bandeira da Itália">Bandeira</a> </div> </div> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding: 0px 5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:Emblem_of_Italy.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Brasão das Armas da Itália"><img alt="Brasão das Armas da Itália" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Emblem_of_Italy.svg/85px-Emblem_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Emblem_of_Italy.svg/128px-Emblem_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Emblem_of_Italy.svg/170px-Emblem_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="710" data-file-height="808"></a></span> </div> <div> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Emblema_da_It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Emblema da Itália">Emblema</a> </div> </div> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align:center; padding:0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align:top; text-align:center; font-weight:normal; font-size:95%;"><b>Hino:</b> <i><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hino_nacional_da_It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Hino nacional da Itália">Il canto degli Italiani</a></i> <small> (<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_italiana?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Língua italiana">italiano</a>)<br> Também conhecido como <i>Fratelli d'Italia</i> ou <i>Inno di Mameli</i>. </small> <br> ("O canto dos italianos") <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span> <audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="99" data-mwtitle="National_anthem_of_Italy_-_U.S._Navy_Band_(long_version).ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"> <source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c0/National_anthem_of_Italy_-_U.S._Navy_Band_%28long_version%29.ogg/National_anthem_of_Italy_-_U.S._Navy_Band_%28long_version%29.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c0/National_anthem_of_Italy_-_U.S._Navy_Band_%28long_version%29.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs=&quot;vorbis&quot;" data-width="0" data-height="0"><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&amp;title=File%3ANational_anthem_of_Italy_-_U.S._Navy_Band_%28long_version%29.ogg&amp;lang=az&amp;trackformat=vtt&amp;origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="az" label="azərbaycanca ‪(az)‬" data-dir="ltr"><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&amp;title=File%3ANational_anthem_of_Italy_-_U.S._Navy_Band_%28long_version%29.ogg&amp;lang=de&amp;trackformat=vtt&amp;origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="de" label="Deutsch ‪(de)‬" data-dir="ltr"><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&amp;title=File%3ANational_anthem_of_Italy_-_U.S._Navy_Band_%28long_version%29.ogg&amp;lang=en&amp;trackformat=vtt&amp;origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr"><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&amp;title=File%3ANational_anthem_of_Italy_-_U.S._Navy_Band_%28long_version%29.ogg&amp;lang=es&amp;trackformat=vtt&amp;origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="es" label="español ‪(es)‬" data-dir="ltr"><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&amp;title=File%3ANational_anthem_of_Italy_-_U.S._Navy_Band_%28long_version%29.ogg&amp;lang=fr&amp;trackformat=vtt&amp;origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="fr" label="français ‪(fr)‬" data-dir="ltr"><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&amp;title=File%3ANational_anthem_of_Italy_-_U.S._Navy_Band_%28long_version%29.ogg&amp;lang=hu&amp;trackformat=vtt&amp;origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="hu" label="magyar ‪(hu)‬" data-dir="ltr"><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&amp;title=File%3ANational_anthem_of_Italy_-_U.S._Navy_Band_%28long_version%29.ogg&amp;lang=id&amp;trackformat=vtt&amp;origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="id" label="Bahasa Indonesia ‪(id)‬" data-dir="ltr"><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&amp;title=File%3ANational_anthem_of_Italy_-_U.S._Navy_Band_%28long_version%29.ogg&amp;lang=it&amp;trackformat=vtt&amp;origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="it" label="italiano ‪(it)‬" data-dir="ltr"><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&amp;title=File%3ANational_anthem_of_Italy_-_U.S._Navy_Band_%28long_version%29.ogg&amp;lang=ja&amp;trackformat=vtt&amp;origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ja" label="日本語 ‪(ja)‬" data-dir="ltr"><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&amp;title=File%3ANational_anthem_of_Italy_-_U.S._Navy_Band_%28long_version%29.ogg&amp;lang=ko&amp;trackformat=vtt&amp;origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ko" label="한국어 ‪(ko)‬" data-dir="ltr"><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&amp;title=File%3ANational_anthem_of_Italy_-_U.S._Navy_Band_%28long_version%29.ogg&amp;lang=ms&amp;trackformat=vtt&amp;origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ms" label="Bahasa Melayu ‪(ms)‬" data-dir="ltr"><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&amp;title=File%3ANational_anthem_of_Italy_-_U.S._Navy_Band_%28long_version%29.ogg&amp;lang=pl&amp;trackformat=vtt&amp;origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="pl" label="polski ‪(pl)‬" data-dir="ltr"><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&amp;title=File%3ANational_anthem_of_Italy_-_U.S._Navy_Band_%28long_version%29.ogg&amp;lang=pt-br&amp;trackformat=vtt&amp;origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="pt-BR" label="português do Brasil ‪(pt-br)‬" data-dir="ltr"><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&amp;title=File%3ANational_anthem_of_Italy_-_U.S._Navy_Band_%28long_version%29.ogg&amp;lang=pt&amp;trackformat=vtt&amp;origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="pt" label="português ‪(pt)‬" data-dir="ltr"><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&amp;title=File%3ANational_anthem_of_Italy_-_U.S._Navy_Band_%28long_version%29.ogg&amp;lang=ro&amp;trackformat=vtt&amp;origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ro" label="română ‪(ro)‬" data-dir="ltr"><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&amp;title=File%3ANational_anthem_of_Italy_-_U.S._Navy_Band_%28long_version%29.ogg&amp;lang=tr&amp;trackformat=vtt&amp;origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="tr" label="Türkçe ‪(tr)‬" data-dir="ltr"><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&amp;title=File%3ANational_anthem_of_Italy_-_U.S._Navy_Band_%28long_version%29.ogg&amp;lang=vi&amp;trackformat=vtt&amp;origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="vi" label="Tiếng Việt ‪(vi)‬" data-dir="ltr"><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&amp;title=File%3ANational_anthem_of_Italy_-_U.S._Navy_Band_%28long_version%29.ogg&amp;lang=war&amp;trackformat=vtt&amp;origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="war" label="Winaray ‪(war)‬" data-dir="ltr"><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&amp;title=File%3ANational_anthem_of_Italy_-_U.S._Navy_Band_%28long_version%29.ogg&amp;lang=zh-hant&amp;trackformat=vtt&amp;origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh-Hant" label="中文(繁體) ‪(zh-hant)‬" data-dir="ltr"><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&amp;title=File%3ANational_anthem_of_Italy_-_U.S._Navy_Band_%28long_version%29.ogg&amp;lang=zh-hk&amp;trackformat=vtt&amp;origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh-Hant-HK" label="中文(香港) ‪(zh-hk)‬" data-dir="ltr"> </audio></span></span></th> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:top; text-align:center; font-weight:normal; font-size:95%;"> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:EU-Italy_(orthographic_projection).svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Localização da Itália"><img alt="Localização da Itália" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/EU-Italy_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/255px-EU-Italy_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="255" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/EU-Italy_%2528orthographic_projection%2529.svg/383px-EU-Italy_%2528orthographic_projection%2529.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/EU-Italy_%2528orthographic_projection%2529.svg/510px-EU-Italy_%2528orthographic_projection%2529.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="2000"></a> <figcaption> Localização da Itália </figcaption> </figure><br> Localização da Itália (em verde escuro) na <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uni%C3%A3o_Europeia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="União Europeia">União Europeia</a> (em verde claro)</th> </tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; padding:0.4em 1em 0.3em 0; vertical-align:top; padding-left: 05px;"><b>Capital</b><br> e maior cidade</td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; width:50%; padding:0.4em 1em 0.3em 0; vertical-align:top;"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Roma?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Roma">Roma</a> <br><small>41º51' N 12º29' E</small></td> </tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; border-top: solid 1px #A2A9B1; padding:0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align:top; padding-left: 05px;"><b><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_oficial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Língua oficial">Língua oficial</a></b></td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; border-top: solid 1px #A2A9B1; width:50%; padding:0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align:top"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_italiana?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Língua italiana">Italiano</a>¹</td> </tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; padding:0.4em 1em 0.3em 0; vertical-align:top; padding-left: 05px;"><b><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gent%C3%ADlico?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gentílico">Gentílico</a></b></td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; width:50%; padding:0.4em 1em 0.3em 0; vertical-align:top"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Italianos?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Italianos">italiano</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; padding:0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align:top; padding-left: 05px;"><b><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Governo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Governo">Governo</a></b></td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; width:50%; padding:0.4em 1em 0.7em 0; vertical-align:top"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="República">República</a> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Estado_unit%C3%A1rio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Estado unitário">unitária</a> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Parlamentarismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Parlamentarismo">parlamentarista</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; padding:0 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align:top; padding-left: 05px; border: none;">&nbsp;• <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Presidente_da_Rep%C3%BAblica_Italiana?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Presidente da República Italiana">Presidente</a></td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; padding:0 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align:top;border: none;"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sergio_Mattarella?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sergio Mattarella">Sergio Mattarella</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; padding:0 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align:top; padding-left: 05px; border: none;">&nbsp;• <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lista_de_primeiros-ministros_da_It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lista de primeiros-ministros da Itália">Primeiro-ministro</a></td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; padding:0 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align:top;border: none;"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Giorgia_Meloni?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Giorgia Meloni">Giorgia Meloni</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; padding:0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align:top; padding-left: 05px;"><b>Legislatura</b></td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; padding:0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align:top;"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Parlamento_da_It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Parlamento da Itália">Parlamento</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; padding:0 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align:top; padding-left: 05px; border: none;">&nbsp;• <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/C%C3%A2mara_alta?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Câmara alta">Câmara alta</a></td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; padding:0 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align:top;border: none;"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Senado_da_It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Senado da Itália">Senado</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; padding:0 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align:top; padding-left: 05px; border: none;">&nbsp;• <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/C%C3%A2mara_baixa?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Câmara baixa">Câmara baixa</a></td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; padding:0 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align:top;border: none;"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/C%C3%A2mara_dos_Deputados_da_It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Câmara dos Deputados da Itália">Câmara dos Deputados</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align:center; border-top: solid 1px #A2A9B1; padding:0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align:top; padding-left: 05px;"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hist%C3%B3ria_da_It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="História da Itália">Formação</a></th> </tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; padding:0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align:top; padding-left: 05px; border: none;">&nbsp;• <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Unifica%C3%A7%C3%A3o_italiana?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Unificação italiana">Unificação</a></td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; padding:0.4em 1em 0.4em 0; vertical-align:top; border: none;"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/17_de_mar%C3%A7o?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="17 de março">17 de março</a> de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1861?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1861">1861</a> (163&nbsp;anos)</td> </tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; padding:0.4em 1em 0.2em 0; vertical-align:top; padding-left: 05px; border: none;">&nbsp;• <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="República">República</a></td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; padding:0.4em 1em 0.2em 0; vertical-align:top; border: none;"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2_de_junho?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2 de junho">2 de junho</a> de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1946?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1946">1946</a> (78&nbsp;anos)</td> </tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; border-top: solid 1px #A2A9B1; padding:0.4em 1em 0.3em 0; vertical-align:top; padding-left: 05px;"><b><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uni%C3%A3o_Europeia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="União Europeia">Entrada na UE</a></b></td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; border-top: solid 1px #A2A9B1; padding:0.4em 1em 0.3em 0; vertical-align:top;"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/25_de_mar%C3%A7o?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="25 de março">25 de março</a> de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1957?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1957">1957</a> (membro co-fundador)</td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align:center; border-top: solid 1px #A2A9B1; padding:0.4em 1em 0.1em 0em; vertical-align:top; padding-left: 05px;"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lista_de_pa%C3%ADses_e_territ%C3%B3rios_por_%C3%A1rea?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lista de países e territórios por área">Área</a></th> </tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; padding:0.4em 1em 0.1em 0; vertical-align:top; padding-left: 05px; border: none;">&nbsp;• Total</td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; padding:0.4em 1em 0.1em 0; vertical-align:top; border: none;">301&nbsp;338 <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Quil%C3%B3metro_quadrado?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Quilómetro quadrado">km²</a>&nbsp;(<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lista_de_pa%C3%ADses_e_territ%C3%B3rios_por_%C3%A1rea?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lista de países e territórios por área">69.º</a>)</td> </tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; padding:0.4em 1em 0.1em 0; vertical-align:top; padding-left: 05px; border: none; padding-bottom:0.3em;">&nbsp;• Água (%)</td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; padding:0.4em 1em 0.1em 0; vertical-align:top; border: none; padding-bottom:0.3em;">2,4</td> </tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; padding:0.4em 1em 0.1em 0; vertical-align:top; padding-left: 05px; border: none; padding-bottom:0.3em;">&nbsp;<b><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fronteira?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fronteira">Fronteira</a></b></td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; padding:0.4em 1em 0.1em 0; vertical-align:top; border: none; padding-bottom:0.3em;"> <div class="hlist hlist-separated"> <ul> <li><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="França">França</a></li> <li><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Su%C3%AD%C3%A7a?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Suíça">Suíça</a></li> <li><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%81ustria?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Áustria">Áustria</a></li> <li><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eslov%C3%A9nia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eslovénia">Eslovénia</a></li> <li><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/San_Marino?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="San Marino">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vaticano?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vaticano">Vaticano</a></li> </ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align:center; border-top: solid 1px #A2A9B1; padding:0.4em 1em 0.1em 0; vertical-align:top; padding-left: 05px;"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Popula%C3%A7%C3%A3o?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="População">População</a></th> </tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; padding:0.4em 1em 0.1em 0; vertical-align:top; padding-left: 05px; border: none;">&nbsp;• Estimativa para 2021</td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; padding:0.4em 1em 0.1em 0; vertical-align:top; border: none;">59&nbsp;030&nbsp;133<sup id="cite_ref-istat.it_1-0" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-istat.it-1"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup> hab.&nbsp;(<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lista_de_pa%C3%ADses_por_popula%C3%A7%C3%A3o?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lista de países por população">25.º</a>)</td> </tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; padding:0.4em 1em 0.1em 0; vertical-align:top; padding-left: 05px; border: none; padding-bottom:0.3em;">&nbsp;• <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Densidade_populacional?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Densidade populacional">Densidade</a></td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; padding:0.4em 1em 0.1em 0; vertical-align:top; border: none; padding-bottom:0.3em;">201,1 hab./km²&nbsp;(<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lista_de_pa%C3%ADses_por_densidade_populacional?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lista de países por densidade populacional">42.º</a>)</td> </tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; border-top: solid 1px #A2A9B1; padding:0.4em 1em 0.3em 0; vertical-align:top; padding-left: 05px;"><b><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Produto_interno_bruto?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Produto interno bruto">PIB</a></b> (base <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Paridade_do_poder_de_compra?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Paridade do poder de compra">PPC</a>)</td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; border-top: solid 1px #A2A9B1; padding:0.4em 1em 0.3em 0; vertical-align:top;">Estimativa de 2021</td> </tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; padding:0.4em 1em 0.3em 0; vertical-align:top; padding-left: 05px; border: none;">&nbsp;• Total</td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; padding:0.4em 1em 0.3em 0; vertical-align:top; border: none;">US$&nbsp;<span style="cursor: help; border-bottom: 1px dotted;" title="2,261E12 (2&nbsp;261&nbsp;000&nbsp;000&nbsp;000)"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">2,261 <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1_000_000_000_000?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1 000 000 000 000">trilhões</a></span></span>&nbsp;<sup><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Escalas_curta_e_longa?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Escalas curta e longa">*</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FMI_2-0" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FMI-2"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup>(<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lista_de_pa%C3%ADses_por_PIB_(Paridade_do_Poder_de_Compra)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lista de países por PIB (Paridade do Poder de Compra)">13.º</a>)</td> </tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; padding:0.4em 1em 0.3em 0; vertical-align:top; padding-left: 05px; border: none;">&nbsp;• <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Renda_per_capita?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Renda per capita">Per capita</a></td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; padding:0.4em 1em 0.3em 0; vertical-align:top; border: none;">US$&nbsp;43&nbsp;376<sup id="cite_ref-FMI_2-1" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FMI-2"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup>&nbsp;(<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lista_de_pa%C3%ADses_por_PIB_(Paridade_do_Poder_de_Compra)_per_capita?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lista de países por PIB (Paridade do Poder de Compra) per capita">29.º</a>)</td> </tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; border-top: solid 1px #A2A9B1; padding:0.4em 1em 0.3em 0; vertical-align:top; padding-left: 05px;"><b><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Produto_interno_bruto?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Produto interno bruto">PIB</a></b> (nominal)</td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; border-top: solid 1px #A2A9B1; padding:0.4em 1em 0.3em 0; vertical-align:top;">Estimativa de 2021</td> </tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; padding:0.4em 1em 0.2em 0; vertical-align:top; padding-left: 05px; border: none;">&nbsp;• Total</td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; padding:0.4em 1em 0.2em 0; vertical-align:top; border: none;">US$&nbsp;<span style="cursor: help; border-bottom: 1px dotted;" title="2,106E12 (1&nbsp;060&nbsp;000&nbsp;000&nbsp;000)"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">2,106 <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1_000_000_000_000?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1 000 000 000 000">trilhões</a></span></span>&nbsp;<sup><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Escalas_curta_e_longa?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Escalas curta e longa">*</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FMI_2-2" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FMI-2"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup>(<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lista_de_pa%C3%ADses_por_PIB_nominal?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lista de países por PIB nominal">8.º</a>)</td> </tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; padding:0.4em 1em 0.2em 0; vertical-align:top; padding-left: 05px; border: none;">&nbsp;• <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Renda_per_capita?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Renda per capita">Per capita</a></td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; padding:0.4em 1em 0.2em 0; vertical-align:top; border: none;">US$&nbsp;34&nbsp;997<sup id="cite_ref-FMI_2-3" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FMI-2"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup>&nbsp;(<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lista_de_pa%C3%ADses_por_PIB_nominal_per_capita?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lista de países por PIB nominal per capita">25.º</a>)</td> </tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; border-top: solid 1px #A2A9B1; padding:0.4em 1em 0.3em 0; vertical-align:top; padding-left: 05px;"><b><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%8Dndice_de_Desenvolvimento_Humano?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano">IDH</a></b> (2018)</td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; border-top: solid 1px #A2A9B1; padding:0.4em 1em 0.3em 0; vertical-align:top;">0,883&nbsp;(<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lista_de_pa%C3%ADses_por_%C3%8Dndice_de_Desenvolvimento_Humano?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lista de países por Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano">29.º</a>)&nbsp;–&nbsp;<span style="color:blue;">muito alto</span><sup id="cite_ref-IDH_3-0" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-IDH-3"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup></td> </tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; padding:0.4em 1em 0.3em 0; vertical-align:top; padding-left: 05px;"><b><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Coeficiente_de_Gini?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Coeficiente de Gini">Gini</a></b> (2006)</td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; padding:0.4em 1em 0.3em 0; vertical-align:top;">32<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-4"><span>[</span>4<span>]</span></a></sup></td> </tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; padding:0.4em 1em 0.3em 0; vertical-align:top; padding-left: 05px;"><b>Moeda</b></td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; padding:0.4em 1em 0.3em 0; vertical-align:top;"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Euro?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Euro">Euro</a>² (<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISO_4217?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ISO 4217">EUR</a>)</td> </tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; border-top: solid 1px #A2A9B1; padding:0.4em 1em 0.2em 0; vertical-align:top; padding-left: 05px;"><b><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fuso_hor%C3%A1rio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fuso horário">Fuso horário</a></b></td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; border-top: solid 1px #A2A9B1; padding:0.4em 1em 0.2em 0; vertical-align:top;"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Central_European_Time?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Central European Time">CET</a> (<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tempo_Universal_Coordenado?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tempo Universal Coordenado">UTC</a>+1)</td> </tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; padding:0.4em 1em 0.2em 0; vertical-align:top; padding-left: 05px; border: none;">&nbsp;• Verão&nbsp;(<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hor%C3%A1rio_de_ver%C3%A3o?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Horário de verão">DST</a>)</td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; padding:0.4em 1em 0.2em 0; vertical-align:top; border: none;"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Central_European_Summer_Time?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Central European Summer Time">CEST</a> (<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tempo_Universal_Coordenado?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tempo Universal Coordenado">UTC</a>+2)</td> </tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; border-top: solid 1px #A2A9B1; padding:0.4em 1em 0.3em 0; vertical-align:top; padding-left: 05px;"><b><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISO_3166-1?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ISO 3166-1">Cód. ISO</a></b></td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; border-top: solid 1px #A2A9B1; padding:0.4em 1em 0.3em 0; vertical-align:top;">ITA</td> </tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; padding:0.4em 1em 0.3em 0; vertical-align:top; padding-left: 05px;"><b><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lista_de_TLDs?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lista de TLDs">Cód. Internet</a></b></td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; padding:0.4em 1em 0.3em 0; vertical-align:top;"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/.it?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title=".it">.it</a> ³</td> </tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; padding:0.4em 1em 0.3em 0; vertical-align:top; padding-left: 05px;"><b><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lista_de_c%C3%B3digos_telef%C3%B3nicos?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lista de códigos telefónicos">Cód. telef.</a></b></td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; padding:0.4em 1em 0.3em 0; vertical-align:top;">+39</td> </tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; padding:0.4em 1em 0.3em 0; vertical-align:top; padding-left: 05px;"><b><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%ADtio_eletr%C3%B3nico?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sítio eletrónico"><i>Website</i> governamental</a></b></td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; padding:0.4em 1em 0.6em 0; vertical-align:top;"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.governo.it">www<wbr>.governo<wbr>.it</a></span></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; border-top: solid 1px #A2A9B1; padding:0.4em 1em 0.2em 0; vertical-align:top; text-align:left; padding-left: 0.3em;"><small>¹ <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_alem%C3%A3?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Língua alemã">alemão</a> e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_ladino-dolom%C3%ADtica?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Língua ladino-dolomítica">ladino</a>, no <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tirol_do_Sul?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Tirol do Sul">Tirol do Sul</a>; <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_eslovena?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Língua eslovena">esloveno</a>, no <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Friuli-Venezia_Giulia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Friuli-Venezia Giulia">Friuli-Venezia Giulia</a>; <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_francesa?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Língua francesa">francês</a>, no <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vale_de_Aosta?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vale de Aosta">Vale de Aosta</a>.<br> ² Antes de 1999: <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lira_italiana?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lira italiana">Lira italiana</a><br> ³ o domínio <i>.eu</i> também é utilizado juntamente com os outros <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Estados_membros_da_Uni%C3%A3o_Europeia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Estados membros da União Europeia">Estados membros da União Europeia</a>.</small></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Roma?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Roma">Roma</a>, a capital italiana, foi durante séculos o centro político e religioso da <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Civiliza%C3%A7%C3%A3o_ocidental?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Civilização ocidental">civilização ocidental</a> como capital do <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Imp%C3%A9rio_Romano?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Império Romano">Império Romano</a> e como sede da <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Santa_S%C3%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Santa Sé">Santa Sé</a>. Após o declínio do Império Romano, a Itália sofreu inúmeras invasões de povos estrangeiros, desde <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Povos_germ%C3%A2nicos?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Povos germânicos">tribos germânicas</a>, como os <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lombardos?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lombardos">lombardos</a> e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ostrogodos?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ostrogodos">ostrogodos</a>, aos <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bizantinos?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Bizantinos">bizantinos</a> e, mais tarde, os <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Normandos?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Normandos">normandos</a>, entre outros. Séculos mais tarde, Itália tornou-se o berço das <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblicas_mar%C3%ADtimas?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Repúblicas marítimas">repúblicas marítimas</a> e do <i><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Renascimento?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Renascimento">Renascimento</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-5"><span>[</span>5<span>]</span></a></sup> um movimento intelectual extremamente frutífero que seria fundamental na formação subsequente do pensamento europeu.</p> <p>Durante grande parte de sua história pós-romana, a Itália foi fragmentada em vários reinos (tais como o <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Reino_da_Sardenha?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Reino da Sardenha">Reino da Sardenha</a>; o <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Reino_das_Duas_Sic%C3%ADlias?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Reino das Duas Sicílias">Reino das Duas Sicílias</a> e o <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ducado_de_Mil%C3%A3o?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ducado de Milão">Ducado de Milão</a>, etc.) e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cidade-Estado?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Cidade-Estado">cidades-Estado</a>, mas foi unificada em 1861,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-6"><span>[</span>6<span>]</span></a></sup> após um período tumultuado da história conhecido como "<i><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Il_Risorgimento?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Il Risorgimento">Il Risorgimento</a></i>" ("O Ressurgimento"). Entre o final do <span style="white-space:nowrap;">século XIX</span> e o fim da <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Segunda_Guerra_Mundial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Segunda Guerra Mundial">Segunda Guerra Mundial</a>, a Itália possuiu um <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Imp%C3%A9rio_colonial_italiano?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Império colonial italiano">império colonial</a> que estendia seu domínio até à <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Líbia">Líbia</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eritreia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eritreia">Eritreia</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Som%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Somália">Somália</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eti%C3%B3pia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Etiópia">Etiópia</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alb%C3%A2nia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Albânia">Albânia</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dodecaneso?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dodecaneso">Dodecaneso</a> e uma concessão em <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tianjin?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tianjin">Tianjin</a>, na <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/China?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="China">China</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-allempires.com_7-0" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-allempires.com-7"><span>[</span>7<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>A Itália moderna é uma <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="República">república</a> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Democracia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Democracia">democrática</a>, classificada como o 24.º&nbsp;<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pa%C3%ADs_desenvolvido?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="País desenvolvido">país mais desenvolvido</a> do mundo<sup id="cite_ref-IDH_3-1" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-IDH-3"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup> e com <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%8Dndice_de_Qualidade_de_Vida?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Índice de Qualidade de Vida">índice de qualidade de vida</a> entre os dez primeiros do planeta.<sup id="cite_ref-economist.com_8-0" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-economist.com-8"><span>[</span>8<span>]</span></a></sup> O país goza de um alto padrão de vida e tem um elevado <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lista_de_pa%C3%ADses_por_PIB_nominal_per_capita?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lista de países por PIB nominal per capita">PIB nominal <i>per capita</i></a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FMI_2-4" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FMI-2"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup> É um membro fundador da <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uni%C3%A3o_Europeia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="União Europeia">União Europeia</a> e parte da <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zona_Euro?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zona Euro">Zona Euro</a>, além de ser membro do <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/G7?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="G7">G7</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/G20?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="G20">G20</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Organiza%C3%A7%C3%A3o_do_Tratado_do_Atl%C3%A2ntico_Norte?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Organização do Tratado do Atlântico Norte">OTAN</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Organiza%C3%A7%C3%A3o_para_a_Coopera%C3%A7%C3%A3o_e_Desenvolvimento_Econ%C3%B3mico?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Organização para a Cooperação e Desenvolvimento Económico">OCDE</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Organiza%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Mundial_do_Com%C3%A9rcio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Organização Mundial do Comércio">Organização Mundial do Comércio</a> (OMC), <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conselho_da_Europa?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Conselho da Europa">Conselho da Europa</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uni%C3%A3o_da_Europa_Ocidental?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="União da Europa Ocidental">União da Europa Ocidental</a> e das <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Organiza%C3%A7%C3%A3o_das_Na%C3%A7%C3%B5es_Unidas?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Organização das Nações Unidas">Nações Unidas</a>. A Itália tem a quarta maior <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Reservas_de_ouro?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Reservas de ouro">reserva de ouro</a>, o <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lista_de_pa%C3%ADses_por_PIB_nominal?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lista de países por PIB nominal">oitavo maior PIB nominal</a>, o <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lista_de_pa%C3%ADses_por_PIB_(Paridade_do_Poder_de_Compra)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lista de países por PIB (Paridade do Poder de Compra)">décimo maior PIB (PPC)</a><sup id="cite_ref-FMI_2-5" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FMI-2"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup> e o sexto maior orçamento público do mundo.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-9"><span>[</span>9<span>]</span></a></sup> A República Italiana tem o <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lista_de_pa%C3%ADses_por_gastos_militares?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lista de países por gastos militares">nono maior orçamento de defesa do mundo</a>, acesso às <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bomba_nuclear?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bomba nuclear">armas nucleares</a> da OTAN e um papel proeminente nos assuntos militares, culturais e diplomáticos europeus e mundiais, o que a torna uma das principais <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/M%C3%A9dia_pot%C3%AAncia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Média potência">Potências Médias</a> do mundo e uma <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pot%C3%AAncia_regional?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Potência regional">Potência Regional</a> de destaque na Europa.<sup id="cite_ref-Leonardis,_2003,_p._17_10-0" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Leonardis,_2003,_p._17-10"><span>[</span>10<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-books.google.com_11-0" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-books.google.com-11"><span>[</span>11<span>]</span></a></sup> O país tem um <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%8Dndice_de_educa%C3%A7%C3%A3o?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Índice de educação">elevado nível de escolaridade pública</a> e é uma nação altamente <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Globaliza%C3%A7%C3%A3o?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Globalização">globalizada</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-12"><span>[</span>12<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle" lang="pt" dir="ltr"> <h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Índice</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Etimologia"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Etimologia</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Hist%C3%B3ria"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">História</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Pr%C3%A9-hist%C3%B3ria_e_Antiguidade"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Pré-história e Antiguidade</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-4"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Roma_antiga"><span class="tocnumber">2.1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Roma antiga</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Idade_M%C3%A9dia"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Idade Média</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Era_moderna"><span class="tocnumber">2.3</span> <span class="toctext">Era moderna</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Unifica%C3%A7%C3%A3o"><span class="tocnumber">2.4</span> <span class="toctext">Unificação</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Fascismo"><span class="tocnumber">2.5</span> <span class="toctext">Fascismo</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Rep%C3%BAblica"><span class="tocnumber">2.6</span> <span class="toctext">República</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Geografia"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Geografia</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Clima"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Clima</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Ambiente"><span class="tocnumber">3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Ambiente</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Demografia"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Demografia</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Grupos_%C3%A9tnicos"><span class="tocnumber">4.1</span> <span class="toctext">Grupos étnicos</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Emigra%C3%A7%C3%A3o_e_imigra%C3%A7%C3%A3o"><span class="tocnumber">4.2</span> <span class="toctext">Emigração e imigração</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Idioma"><span class="tocnumber">4.3</span> <span class="toctext">Idioma</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-17"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Religi%C3%A3o"><span class="tocnumber">4.4</span> <span class="toctext">Religião</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-18"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Cidades_mais_populosas"><span class="tocnumber">4.5</span> <span class="toctext">Cidades mais populosas</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-19"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Pol%C3%ADtica_e_justi%C3%A7a"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Política e justiça</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-20"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#For%C3%A7as_armadas"><span class="tocnumber">5.1</span> <span class="toctext">Forças armadas</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-21"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Crime_e_aplica%C3%A7%C3%A3o_da_lei"><span class="tocnumber">5.2</span> <span class="toctext">Crime e aplicação da lei</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-22"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Rela%C3%A7%C3%B5es_exteriores"><span class="tocnumber">5.3</span> <span class="toctext">Relações exteriores</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-23"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Divis%C3%B5es_administrativas"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Divisões administrativas</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-24"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Economia"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Economia</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-25"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Turismo"><span class="tocnumber">7.1</span> <span class="toctext">Turismo</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-26"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Infraestrutura"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Infraestrutura</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-27"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Transportes"><span class="tocnumber">8.1</span> <span class="toctext">Transportes</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-28"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Educa%C3%A7%C3%A3o,_ci%C3%AAncia_e_tecnologia"><span class="tocnumber">8.2</span> <span class="toctext">Educação, ciência e tecnologia</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-29"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Sa%C3%BAde"><span class="tocnumber">8.3</span> <span class="toctext">Saúde</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-30"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Energia"><span class="tocnumber">8.4</span> <span class="toctext">Energia</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-31"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Cultura"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">Cultura</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-32"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Literatura"><span class="tocnumber">9.1</span> <span class="toctext">Literatura</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-33"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Arquitetura"><span class="tocnumber">9.2</span> <span class="toctext">Arquitetura</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-34"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Artes_visuais"><span class="tocnumber">9.3</span> <span class="toctext">Artes visuais</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-35"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#M%C3%BAsica"><span class="tocnumber">9.4</span> <span class="toctext">Música</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-36"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Teatro"><span class="tocnumber">9.5</span> <span class="toctext">Teatro</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-37"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Moda_e_design"><span class="tocnumber">9.6</span> <span class="toctext">Moda e <i>design</i></span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-38"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Culin%C3%A1ria"><span class="tocnumber">9.7</span> <span class="toctext">Culinária</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-39"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Cinema"><span class="tocnumber">9.8</span> <span class="toctext">Cinema</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-40"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Feriados"><span class="tocnumber">9.9</span> <span class="toctext">Feriados</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-41"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Esportes"><span class="tocnumber">9.10</span> <span class="toctext">Esportes</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Refer%C3%AAncias"><span class="tocnumber">10</span> <span class="toctext">Referências</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Bibliografia"><span class="tocnumber">10.1</span> <span class="toctext">Bibliografia</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-42"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Liga%C3%A7%C3%B5es_externas"><span class="tocnumber">11</span> <span class="toctext">Ligações externas</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Etimologia">Etimologia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=It%C3%A1lia&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editar secção: Etimologia" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>editar</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <p>Várias hipóteses para o nome da Itália foram formuladas.<sup id="cite_ref-Manco_13-0" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Manco-13"><span>[</span>13<span>]</span></a></sup> Umas delas teoriza que o nome se origina de um <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Empr%C3%A9stimo_(lingu%C3%ADstica)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Empréstimo (linguística)">empréstimo linguístico</a>. Quando a hegemonia <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Etruscos?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Etruscos">etrusca</a> ia chegando a seu ocaso com a expansão dos <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Latinos?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Latinos">latinos</a>, os povos do Sul, em particular os <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oscos?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oscos">oscos</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%9Ambrios?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Úmbrios">úmbrios</a> e outros povos do centro e Sul da <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pen%C3%ADnsula_It%C3%A1lica?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Península Itálica">península Itálica</a> possuíam um numeroso rebanho bovino. Na língua dos oscos, o acusativo ‘<i>vitluf</i>’ (aos bezerros) deu lugar em latim a ‘<i>vitellus</i>’ (bezerrinho), palavra proveniente de <i>vitulos</i> (bezerro de entre um e dois anos) e similarmente no <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_%C3%BAmbria?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Língua úmbria">úmbrio</a> como <i>vitlo</i>. Estas palavras se derivaram do indo-europeu ‘<i>wet-olo</i>’ (de um ano cumprido), formada por sua vez a partir de ‘<i>wet-</i>‘ (ano), também presente nos vocábulos "veterano" e "veterinário".<sup id="cite_ref-Etimologia_do_nome_Itália_1_14-0" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Etimologia_do_nome_It%C3%A1lia_1-14"><span>[</span>14<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-15"><span>[</span>15<span>]</span></a></sup> O gado era tão importante para esses povos que adotaram como emblema a imagem de um touro jovem, que aparece em algumas moedas da época, com o nome de <i>vitalos</i>, que em pouco tempo converteu-se em ‘<i>italos</i>’, nome com que se denominou as tribos do sul.<sup id="cite_ref-etim2_16-0" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-etim2-16"><span>[</span>16<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>De acordo com <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ant%C3%ADoco_de_Siracusa?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Antíoco de Siracusa">Antíoco de Siracusa</a>, a porção sul da península Bruttium (moderna <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cal%C3%A1bria?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Calábria">Calábria</a>: província de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A9gio_da_Cal%C3%A1bria?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Régio da Calábria">Régio da Calábria</a>, e parte das províncias de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catanzaro?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Catanzaro">Catanzaro</a> e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vibo_Valentia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vibo Valentia">Vibo Valentia</a>). Mas no seu tempo, Itália e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/En%C3%B3tria?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Enótria">Enótria</a> já haviam se tornado sinônimos, e o nome também era aplicado à maior parte da <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lucanos?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lucanos">Lucânia</a> (atual <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Basilicata?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Basilicata">Basilicata</a>). Os gregos gradualmente aplicaram o nome Itália para uma região maior, mas foi durante o reino do <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Imperador_romano?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Imperador romano">imperador</a> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Augusto?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Augusto">Augusto</a> (fim do <span style="white-space:nowrap;">século I a.C.</span>) que o termo foi expandido para cobrir toda a península até os <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alpes?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alpes">Alpes</a><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-17"><span>[</span>17<span>]</span></a></sup> e ‘<i>itali – orum</i>’ foi usado como gentílico para seus habitantes.<sup id="cite_ref-etim2_16-1" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-etim2-16"><span>[</span>16<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>O historiador <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gr%C3%A9cia_Antiga?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Grécia Antiga">grego</a> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dion%C3%ADsio_de_Halicarnasso?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dionísio de Halicarnasso">Dionísio de Halicarnasso</a> regista essa versão, junto com a lenda de que a Itália devia o seu nome a <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Italus?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Italus">Ítalo</a>, um rei lendário dos <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/En%C3%B3trios?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Enótrios">enótrios</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-18"><span>[</span>18<span>]</span></a></sup> o que também é mencionado por <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arist%C3%B3teles?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aristóteles">Aristóteles</a><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-19"><span>[</span>19<span>]</span></a></sup> e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tuc%C3%ADdides?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tucídides">Tucídides</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-20"><span>[</span>20<span>]</span></a></sup></p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="História"><span id="Hist.C3.B3ria"></span>História</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=It%C3%A1lia&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editar secção: História" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>editar</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <div class="hatnote"> <span typeof="mw:File"><span> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/17px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="663" data-file-height="659"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 17px;height: 17px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/17px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="17" data-height="17" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/26px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/34px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></span></span>Ver artigo principal: <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hist%C3%B3ria_da_It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="História da Itália">História da Itália</a> </div> <p>A história da Itália influenciou fortemente a cultura e o desenvolvimento social, tanto na <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Europa?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Europa">Europa</a> como no resto do mundo. Foi o berço da <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Etruscos?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Etruscos">civilização etrusca</a>, da <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Magna_Gr%C3%A9cia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Magna Grécia">Magna Grécia</a>, da <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Civiliza%C3%A7%C3%A3o_romana?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Civilização romana">civilização romana</a>, da <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Igreja_Cat%C3%B3lica?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Igreja Católica">Igreja Católica</a>, das <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblicas_mar%C3%ADtimas?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Repúblicas marítimas">repúblicas marítimas</a>, do <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Humanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Humanismo">humanismo</a>, do <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Renascimento?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Renascimento">Renascimento</a> e do <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fascismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fascismo">fascismo</a>. Foi o lugar de nascimento de muitos artistas, cientistas, músicos, literatos, exploradores.<sup id="cite_ref-Etimologia_do_nome_Itália_1_14-1" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Etimologia_do_nome_It%C3%A1lia_1-14"><span>[</span>14<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Pré-história_e_Antiguidade"><span id="Pr.C3.A9-hist.C3.B3ria_e_Antiguidade"></span>Pré-história e Antiguidade</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=It%C3%A1lia&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editar secção: Pré-história e Antiguidade" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>editar</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="hatnote"> <span typeof="mw:File"><span> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/17px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="663" data-file-height="659"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 17px;height: 17px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/17px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="17" data-height="17" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/26px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/34px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></span></span>Ver artigos principais: <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cultura_Nur%C3%A1guica?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cultura Nuráguica">Cultura Nuráguica</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Etruscos?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Etruscos">Etruscos</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Magna_Gr%C3%A9cia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Magna Grécia">Magna Grécia</a> e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lista_de_povos_it%C3%A1licos?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lista de povos itálicos">Lista de povos itálicos</a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:Etruscan_Painting_1.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Etruscan_Painting_1.jpg/220px-Etruscan_Painting_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="137" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="755" data-file-height="470"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 137px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Etruscan_Painting_1.jpg/220px-Etruscan_Painting_1.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="137" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Etruscan_Painting_1.jpg/330px-Etruscan_Painting_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Etruscan_Painting_1.jpg/440px-Etruscan_Painting_1.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Afresco?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Afresco">Afresco</a> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Etruscos?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Etruscos">etrusco</a> na <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Necr%C3%B3pole_de_Monterozzi?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Necrópole de Monterozzi">Necrópole de Monterozzi</a>, <span style="white-space:nowrap;">século V a.C.</span> </figcaption> </figure> <p>As escavações em toda a Itália revelaram uma presença de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Neandertais?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Neandertais">neandertais</a> que remonta ao <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Paleol%C3%ADtico?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Paleolítico">período paleolítico</a>, cerca de 200&nbsp;mil anos atrás.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-21"><span>[</span>21<span>]</span></a></sup> Os <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Humano?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Humano">humanos</a> modernos apareceram há cerca de 40&nbsp;mil anos na região. Os <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%ADtio_arqueol%C3%B3gico?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sítio arqueológico">sítios arqueológicos</a> deste período incluem locais como <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Homo_cepranensis?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Homo cepranensis">Ceprano</a> e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gravina_in_Puglia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gravina in Puglia">Gravina in Puglia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-22"><span>[</span>22<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Civilizações importantes que desapareceram há milhares de anos nasceram na Itália, como a civilização de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nurago?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nurago">Nurago</a>, da <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sardenha?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sardenha">Sardenha</a>. Durante a <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Idade_do_Ferro?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Idade do Ferro">Idade do Ferro</a> existiram várias culturas que podem ser diferenciadas em três grandes núcleos geográficos, a do <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%A1cio_(regi%C3%A3o_hist%C3%B3rica)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lácio (região histórica)">Lácio</a> Antigo, a da <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Magna_Gr%C3%A9cia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Magna Grécia">Magna Grécia</a> e a da <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Etr%C3%BAria?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Etrúria">Etrúria</a>. Uma dessas culturas, os <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADgures?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lígures">lígures</a>, foram um enigmático povo que habitava o norte da Itália, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Su%C3%AD%C3%A7a?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Suíça">Suíça</a> e sul de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="França">França</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-23"><span>[</span>23<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Entre os diversos <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Povos_it%C3%A1licos?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Povos itálicos">povos da Antiguidade</a> destacam-se os lígures, os <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/V%C3%AAnetos?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Vênetos">vênetos</a> e os <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Celtas?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Celtas">celtas</a> no norte, os <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Latinos?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Latinos">latinos</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Etruscos?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Etruscos">etruscos</a> e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Samnitas?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Samnitas">samnitas</a> no centro, enquanto no sul prosperaram colônias gregas (Magna Grécia), e na Sardenha desde o <span style="white-space:nowrap;">segundo milênio a.C.</span> floresceu a antiga civilização dos <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cultura_Nur%C3%A1guica?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cultura Nuráguica">sardos</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-britannica.com_24-0" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-britannica.com-24"><span>[</span>24<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Roma_antiga">Roma antiga</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=It%C3%A1lia&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editar secção: Roma antiga" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>editar</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="hatnote"> <span typeof="mw:File"><span> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/17px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="663" data-file-height="659"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 17px;height: 17px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/17px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="17" data-height="17" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/26px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/34px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></span></span>Ver artigos principais: <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Funda%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_Roma?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fundação de Roma">Fundação de Roma</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Roma_Antiga?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Roma Antiga">Roma Antiga</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Reino_de_Roma?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Reino de Roma">Reino de Roma</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_Romana?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="República Romana">República Romana</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Imp%C3%A9rio_Romano?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Império Romano">Império Romano</a> e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Queda_do_Imp%C3%A9rio_Romano_do_Ocidente?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Queda do Império Romano do Ocidente">Queda do Império Romano do Ocidente</a> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r68913260/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style> <div class="thumb tmulti tright"> <div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:224px;max-width:224px"> <div class="trow"> <div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"> <div class="thumbimage"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:Colosseum_in_Rome-April_2007-1-_copie_2B.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Colosseum_in_Rome-April_2007-1-_copie_2B.jpg/220px-Colosseum_in_Rome-April_2007-1-_copie_2B.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="129" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4827" data-file-height="2833"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 129px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Colosseum_in_Rome-April_2007-1-_copie_2B.jpg/220px-Colosseum_in_Rome-April_2007-1-_copie_2B.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="220" data-height="129" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Colosseum_in_Rome-April_2007-1-_copie_2B.jpg/330px-Colosseum_in_Rome-April_2007-1-_copie_2B.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Colosseum_in_Rome-April_2007-1-_copie_2B.jpg/440px-Colosseum_in_Rome-April_2007-1-_copie_2B.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> O <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Coliseu?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Coliseu">Coliseu</a>, construído ca.&nbsp;<span style="white-space:nowrap;">70-80 d.C.</span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="trow"> <div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"> <div class="thumbimage"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:Roman_Empire_(orthographic_projection).svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Roman_Empire_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/220px-Roman_Empire_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="550"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 220px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Roman_Empire_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/220px-Roman_Empire_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="220" data-height="220" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Roman_Empire_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/330px-Roman_Empire_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Roman_Empire_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/440px-Roman_Empire_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Imp%C3%A9rio_Romano?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Império Romano">Império Romano</a> em sua extensão máxima sobreposto às fronteiras atuais </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <p>Uma das mais importantes culturas antigas desenvolvidas em solo italiano foi a etrusca (a partir do <span style="white-space:nowrap;">século VIII a.C.</span>), que influenciou profundamente <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Roma_Antiga?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Roma Antiga">Roma</a> e sua civilização, na qual muitas tradições importantes de origem mediterrânica e eurasiática encontraram a mais original e duradoura síntese política, econômica e cultural.<sup id="cite_ref-britannica.com_24-1" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-britannica.com-24"><span>[</span>24<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Nascida na <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pen%C3%ADnsula_It%C3%A1lica?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Península Itálica">península Itálica</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Roma_Antiga?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Roma Antiga">Roma</a>, um assentamento em um vau no <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rio_Tibre?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rio Tibre">rio Tibre</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-25"><span>[</span>25<span>]</span></a></sup> com fundação convencional em <span style="white-space:nowrap;">753 a.C.</span> Foi regida por um período de 244 anos por um <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Reino_Romano?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Reino Romano">sistema monárquico</a>, inicialmente com soberanos de origem das tribos latina e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sabinos?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sabinos">sabina</a>, depois por reis <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Etruscos?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Etruscos">etruscos</a>. A tradição conta sete reis: <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%B4mulo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rômulo">Rômulo</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Numa_Pomp%C3%ADlio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Numa Pompílio">Numa Pompílio</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/T%C3%BAlio_Host%C3%ADlio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Túlio Hostílio">Túlio Hostílio</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anco_M%C3%A1rcio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Anco Márcio">Anco Márcio</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tarqu%C3%ADnio_Prisco?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tarquínio Prisco">Tarquínio Prisco</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%A9rvio_T%C3%BAlio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sérvio Túlio">Sérvio Túlio</a> e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tarqu%C3%ADnio,_o_Soberbo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tarquínio, o Soberbo">Tarquínio, o Soberbo</a>. Em <span style="white-space:nowrap;">509 a.C.</span>, os romanos expulsam o último rei da sua cidade<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-26"><span>[</span>26<span>]</span></a></sup> e estabelecem a <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_Romana?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="República Romana">República Romana</a>.Desde sempre terra de origem e de encontro entre diversos povos e culturas, a civilização romana foi capaz de explorar as contribuições provenientes dos etruscos e de outros povos itálicos, da <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gr%C3%A9cia_Antiga?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Grécia Antiga">Grécia</a> e de outras regiões do <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mediterr%C3%A2neo_Oriental?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mediterrâneo Oriental">Mediterrâneo Oriental</a> (<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Palestina_(regi%C3%A3o)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Palestina (região)">Palestina</a> — o berço do <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cristianismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cristianismo">cristianismo</a> — <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%ADria?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Síria">Síria</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fen%C3%ADcia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fenícia">Fenícia</a> e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Egito?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Egito">Egito</a>). Graças ao seu <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Imp%C3%A9rio_Romano?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Império Romano">império</a>, Roma difundiu a <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Helenismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Helenismo">cultura heleno-romana</a> pela Europa e pelo <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Norte_de_%C3%81frica?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Norte de África">Norte de África</a>, que foram os limites de sua civilização.<sup id="cite_ref-britannica.com_24-2" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-britannica.com-24"><span>[</span>24<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>O Império Romano estava entre as forças econômicas, culturais, políticas e militares mais poderosas do mundo de seu tempo. Foi um dos maiores impérios da história mundial. Em seu auge, sob o governo de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Trajano?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Trajano">Trajano</a>, cobriu 5 milhões de quilômetros quadrados.<sup id="cite_ref-size_27-0" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-size-27"><span>[</span>27<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cliodynamics.info_28-0" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-cliodynamics.info-28"><span>[</span>28<span>]</span></a></sup> O <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Legado_romano?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Legado romano">legado romano</a> influenciou profundamente a <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Civiliza%C3%A7%C3%A3o_ocidental?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Civilização ocidental">civilização ocidental</a>, moldando a maior parte do <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mundo_moderno?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Mundo moderno">mundo moderno</a>; entre os muitos legados do domínio romano estão o uso generalizado das <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADnguas_rom%C3%A2nicas?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Línguas românicas">línguas românicas</a> derivadas do <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Latim?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Latim">latim</a>, do <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Numerais_romanos?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Numerais romanos">sistema numérico</a>, do <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alfabeto_latino?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alfabeto latino">alfabeto</a>, do <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Calend%C3%A1rio_gregoriano?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Calendário gregoriano">calendário</a> do Ocidente e da transformação do <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cristianismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cristianismo">cristianismo</a> em uma <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Religi%C3%A3o_mundial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Religião mundial">religião mundial</a> importante.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-29"><span>[</span>29<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Em um lento declínio desde o <span style="white-space:nowrap;">século III</span>, o Império dividiu-se em dois no ano de 395. O <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Imp%C3%A9rio_Romano_do_Ocidente?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Império Romano do Ocidente">Império Ocidental</a>, sob a pressão das <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Invas%C3%B5es_b%C3%A1rbaras?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Invasões bárbaras">invasões bárbaras</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Queda_do_Imp%C3%A9rio_Romano_do_Ocidente?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Queda do Império Romano do Ocidente">entrou em colapso</a> em 476, quando <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%B3mulo_Augusto?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rómulo Augusto">seu último imperador</a> foi deposto pelo chefe germânico <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Odoacro?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Odoacro">Odoacro</a>, enquanto o <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Imp%C3%A9rio_Bizantino?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Império Bizantino">Império Oriental</a> ainda sobreviveria por mais mil anos.<sup id="cite_ref-britannica.com_24-3" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-britannica.com-24"><span>[</span>24<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Idade_Média"><span id="Idade_M.C3.A9dia"></span>Idade Média</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=It%C3%A1lia&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editar secção: Idade Média" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>editar</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="hatnote"> <span typeof="mw:File"><span> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/17px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="663" data-file-height="659"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 17px;height: 17px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/17px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="17" data-height="17" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/26px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/34px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></span></span>Ver artigos principais: <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Reino_Ostrog%C3%B3tico?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Reino Ostrogótico">Reino Ostrogótico</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Reino_Lombardo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Reino Lombardo">Reino Lombardo</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ducado_de_Benevento?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ducado de Benevento">Ducado de Benevento</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hist%C3%B3ria_do_isl%C3%A3_no_sul_da_It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="História do islã no sul da Itália">História do islã no sul da Itália</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conquista_normanda_do_sul_da_It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Conquista normanda do sul da Itália">Conquista normanda do sul da Itália</a> e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Reino_It%C3%A1lico?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Reino Itálico">Reino Itálico</a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:Naval_jack_of_Italy.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Naval_jack_of_Italy.svg/170px-Naval_jack_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="170" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 170px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Naval_jack_of_Italy.svg/170px-Naval_jack_of_Italy.svg.png" data-width="170" data-height="170" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Naval_jack_of_Italy.svg/255px-Naval_jack_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Naval_jack_of_Italy.svg/340px-Naval_jack_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> Bandeiras das <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblicas_mar%C3%ADtimas?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Repúblicas marítimas">repúblicas marítimas</a>. Do topo, em sentido horário: <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_de_Veneza?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="República de Veneza">Veneza</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_de_G%C3%AAnova?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="República de Gênova">Gênova</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_de_Pisa?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="República de Pisa">Pisa</a> e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_de_Amalfi?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="República de Amalfi">Amalfi</a> </figcaption> </figure> <p>Após a queda do <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Imp%C3%A9rio_Romano_do_Ocidente?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Império Romano do Ocidente">Império Romano do Ocidente</a>, o território da península se dividiu em vários Estados, alguns independentes, alguns parte de estados maiores (inclusive fora da península Itálica). O mais duradouro entre eles foram os <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Estados_Pontif%C3%ADcios?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Estados Pontifícios">Estados Pontifícios</a>, que resistiram até a tomada italiana de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Roma?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Roma">Roma</a> em 1870 e que foi mais tarde reconstituído como o <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vaticano?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vaticano">Vaticano</a>, no coração da capital italiana. Depois da queda do último imperador romano do Ocidente, seguiu-se a o domínio dos <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/H%C3%A9rulos?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hérulos">hérulos</a> e, em seguida, dos <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ostrogodos?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ostrogodos">ostrogodos</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-30"><span>[</span>30<span>]</span></a></sup> A reanexação da Itália ao <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Imp%C3%A9rio_Romano_do_Oriente?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Império Romano do Oriente">Império Romano do Oriente</a> realizada por <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Justiniano?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Justiniano">Justiniano</a> no decurso das <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Guerra_G%C3%B3tica_(535%E2%80%93554)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Guerra Gótica (535–554)">Guerras Góticas</a>, na primeira metade do <span style="white-space:nowrap;">século VI</span>, foi curta, uma vez que entre 568 e 570 os <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lombardos?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lombardos">lombardos</a>, povos germânicos provenientes do território da atual <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hungria?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hungria">Hungria</a>, ocuparam parte da península, reduzindo os domínios bizantinos na Itália ao <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Exarcado_de_Ravena?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Exarcado de Ravena">Exarcado de Ravena</a>, mas representaram uma formidável continuidade política e cultural e a garantia da prosperidade económica da península e de toda a Europa por muitos anos.<sup id="cite_ref-britannica.com_24-4" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-britannica.com-24"><span>[</span>24<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Depois, a área sob domínio romano-bizantino foi sujeita a fragmentações territoriais, mas conseguiu resistir até o final do <span style="white-space:nowrap;">século XI</span>, enquanto os lombardos tiveram que se submeter aos <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Francos?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Francos">francos</a> comandados por <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Carlos_Magno?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Carlos Magno">Carlos Magno</a> a partir da segunda metade do <span style="white-space:nowrap;">século VIII</span>. Os francos ajudaram na formação dos <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Estados_Papais?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Estados Papais">Estados Papais</a> e no ano 800, a Itália central tornou-se parte do <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sacro_Imp%C3%A9rio_Romano-Germ%C3%A2nico?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sacro Império Romano-Germânico">Sacro Império Romano-Germânico</a>. Até o <span style="white-space:nowrap;">século XIII</span> a política italiana foi dominada pela relação entre os <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Imperador_Romano-Germ%C3%A2nico?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Imperador Romano-Germânico">imperadores</a> do Sacro Império e os papas, com a maioria das cidades italianas se aliando com os primeiros (<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gibelinos?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Gibelinos">gibelinos</a>) ou com os últimos (<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Guelfos?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Guelfos">guelfos</a>) de acordo com a conveniência do momento.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-31"><span>[</span>31<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:Marco_Polo_Mosaic_from_Palazzo_Tursi.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Marco_Polo_Mosaic_from_Palazzo_Tursi.jpg/170px-Marco_Polo_Mosaic_from_Palazzo_Tursi.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="213" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1286"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 213px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Marco_Polo_Mosaic_from_Palazzo_Tursi.jpg/170px-Marco_Polo_Mosaic_from_Palazzo_Tursi.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="213" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Marco_Polo_Mosaic_from_Palazzo_Tursi.jpg/255px-Marco_Polo_Mosaic_from_Palazzo_Tursi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Marco_Polo_Mosaic_from_Palazzo_Tursi.jpg/340px-Marco_Polo_Mosaic_from_Palazzo_Tursi.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Marco_Polo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Marco Polo">Marco Polo</a>, explorador do <span style="white-space:nowrap;">século XIII</span>, registrou as suas viagens durante 24 anos <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/As_Viagens_de_Marco_Polo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="As Viagens de Marco Polo">no seu livro</a>, apresentando aos europeus a <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%81sia_Central?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ásia Central">Ásia Central</a> e a <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/China?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="China">China</a><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-32"><span>[</span>32<span>]</span></a></sup> </figcaption> </figure> <p>Foi durante essa época caótica que as cidades italianas viram a ascensão de uma instituição peculiar, as comunas medievais. Devido ao vácuo de poder causado pela extrema fragmentação territorial e a luta entre o império e a <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Santa_S%C3%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Santa Sé">Santa Sé</a>, as comunidades locais buscaram maneiras autônomas de manter a lei e a ordem.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-33"><span>[</span>33<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>A <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Quest%C3%A3o_das_Investiduras?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Questão das Investiduras">Questão das Investiduras</a>, um conflito sobre duas visões radicalmente diferentes sobre as autoridades seculares tais como reis, condes ou duques, terem qualquer papel legítimo no apontamento de instituições eclesiásticas tais como bispados, foi finalmente resolvida pela <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Concordata_de_Worms?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Concordata de Worms">Concordata de Worms</a>. Em 1176, uma liga de cidades estado, a <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liga_Lombarda?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Liga Lombarda">Liga Lombarda</a>, derrotou o imperador germânico <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Frederico_I_do_Sacro_Imp%C3%A9rio_Romano-Germ%C3%A2nico?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Frederico I do Sacro Império Romano-Germânico">Frederico Barbarossa</a> na <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Batalha_de_Legnano?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Batalha de Legnano">Batalha de Legnano</a>, assim certificando a independência efetiva para a maioria das cidades do centro e norte da Itália.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-34"><span>[</span>34<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Nas áreas costeiras e do sul, as <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblicas_mar%C3%ADtimas?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Repúblicas marítimas">repúblicas marítimas</a> cresceram para finalmente dominarem o Mediterrâneo e monopolizar as rotas de comércio com o <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oriente?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oriente">Oriente</a>. Elas eram cidades-estados talassocráticas e independentes, ainda que a maioria delas tenha tido origem em territórios que pertenciam ao <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Imp%C3%A9rio_Bizantino?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Império Bizantino">Império Bizantino</a>. Durante o tempo em que foram independentes, todas essas cidades tiveram sistemas de governo similares, nos quais a classe mercante detinha praticamente todo o poder. Na prática, as repúblicas eram <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oligarquia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oligarquia">oligárquicas</a> e pouco se assemelhavam a democracias modernas. A relativa liberdade política que nelas se vivia contribui decisivamente para o avanço acadêmico e artístico.<sup id="cite_ref-Lane_35-0" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Lane-35"><span>[</span>35<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r68913260/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"> <div class="thumb tmulti tleft"> <div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:239px;max-width:239px"> <div class="trow"> <div class="tsingle" style="width:237px;max-width:237px"> <div class="thumbimage"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:Repubblica_di_Genova.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Repubblica_di_Genova.png/235px-Repubblica_di_Genova.png" decoding="async" width="235" height="144" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1575" data-file-height="962"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 235px;height: 144px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Repubblica_di_Genova.png/235px-Repubblica_di_Genova.png" data-alt="" data-width="235" data-height="144" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Repubblica_di_Genova.png/353px-Repubblica_di_Genova.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Repubblica_di_Genova.png/470px-Repubblica_di_Genova.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="trow"> <div class="tsingle" style="width:237px;max-width:237px"> <div class="thumbimage"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:Repubblica_di_Venezia.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Repubblica_di_Venezia.png/235px-Repubblica_di_Venezia.png" decoding="async" width="235" height="149" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="635"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 235px;height: 149px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Repubblica_di_Venezia.png/235px-Repubblica_di_Venezia.png" data-alt="" data-width="235" data-height="149" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Repubblica_di_Venezia.png/353px-Repubblica_di_Venezia.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Repubblica_di_Venezia.png/470px-Repubblica_di_Venezia.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="trow" style="display:flex"> <div class="thumbcaption"> Expansão, rotas de comércio, influência e colônias dos <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_de_G%C3%AAnova?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="República de Gênova">genoveses</a> <small>(acima)</small> e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Stato_da_M%C3%A0r?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Stato da Màr">venezianos</a> <small>(abaixo)</small>. </div> </div> </div> </div> <p>As quatro mais proeminentes repúblicas marítimas foram a <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_de_Veneza?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="República de Veneza">Veneza</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_de_G%C3%AAnova?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="República de Gênova">Gênova</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_de_Pisa?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="República de Pisa">Pisa</a> e a <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_de_Amalfi?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="República de Amalfi">Amalfi</a>, enquanto as menos conhecidas são a <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_de_Ragusa?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="República de Ragusa">Ragusa</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ducado_de_Gaeta?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ducado de Gaeta">Gaeta</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_de_Ancona?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="República de Ancona">Ancona</a> e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_de_Noli?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="República de Noli">Noli</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Lane_35-1" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Lane-35"><span>[</span>35<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Veneza e Gênova eram portas de entrada da Europa para o comércio com o Oriente, além de produtoras de vidro fino, enquanto a <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_de_Floren%C3%A7a?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="República de Florença">Florença</a> foi a capital da seda, lã, bancos e joalheria. A riqueza desses negócios trazidos à Itália significou o patrocínio público e privado de grandes projetos artísticos. As repúblicas estiveram pesadamente envolvidas com as <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cruzada?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cruzada">Cruzadas</a>, providenciando suporte mas especialmente, tomando vantagem das oportunidades políticas e de comércio resultante dessas guerras.<sup id="cite_ref-Lane_35-2" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Lane-35"><span>[</span>35<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>No sul, a Sicília se tornou um <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Emirado_da_Sic%C3%ADlia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Emirado da Sicília">emirado islâmico</a> no <span style="white-space:nowrap;">século IX</span>, prosperando até que os ítalo-<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Normandos?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Normandos">normandos</a> o conquistaram no fim do <span style="white-space:nowrap;">século XI</span> junto com a maioria dos principados lombardos e bizantinos no sul da Itália.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-36"><span>[</span>36<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Por uma série de eventos complexos, o sul da Itália desenvolveu um reino unificado, primeiro sob a <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dinastia_de_Hohenstaufen?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dinastia de Hohenstaufen">Dinastia de Hohenstaufen</a>, depois sob a <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Casa_capetiana_de_Anjou?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Casa capetiana de Anjou">Casa capetiana de Anjou</a> e a partir do <span style="white-space:nowrap;">século XV</span> com <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Reino_de_Arag%C3%A3o?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Reino de Aragão">reis aragoneses</a>. Na <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sardenha?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sardenha">Sardenha</a>, as antigas províncias bizantinas se tornaram estados independentes conhecidos como <i><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Giudicati?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Giudicati">giudicati</a></i>, embora algumas partes da ilha se tornaram controladas por Gênova ou Pisa até à anexação aragonesa no <span style="white-space:nowrap;">século XV</span>. A <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pandemia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pandemia">pandemia</a> de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Peste_Negra?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Peste Negra">Peste Negra</a> de 1348 deixou a sua marca na Itália ao matar talvez cerca de um terço da população.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-37"><span>[</span>37<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-38"><span>[</span>38<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Contudo, a recuperação da praga levou ao ressurgimento das cidades, comércio e economia, que permitiu o florescimento do <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Humanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Humanismo">humanismo</a> e da <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Renascen%C3%A7a?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Renascença">Renascença</a>, que depois se espalhou pela <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Europa?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Europa">Europa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Renascença_39-0" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Renascen%C3%A7a-39"><span>[</span>39<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Era_moderna">Era moderna</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=It%C3%A1lia&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editar secção: Era moderna" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>editar</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:Italy_1494.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Italy_1494.svg/170px-Italy_1494.svg.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="204" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3481" data-file-height="4167"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 204px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Italy_1494.svg/170px-Italy_1494.svg.png" data-width="170" data-height="204" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Italy_1494.svg/255px-Italy_1494.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Italy_1494.svg/340px-Italy_1494.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> A península itálica em 1494 </figcaption> </figure> <div class="hatnote"> <span typeof="mw:File"><span> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/17px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="663" data-file-height="659"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 17px;height: 17px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/17px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="17" data-height="17" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/26px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/34px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></span></span>Ver artigos principais: <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Renascen%C3%A7a_italiana?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Renascença italiana">Renascença italiana</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Renascimento?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Renascimento">Renascimento</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Guerras_Italianas?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Guerras Italianas">Guerras Italianas</a> e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Reino_da_It%C3%A1lia_(1805-1814)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Reino da Itália (1805-1814)">Reino da Itália (1805-1814)</a> </div> <p>Nos séculos XIV e XV, o centro-norte da Itália foi dividida em várias <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cidades-Estados?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Cidades-Estados">cidades-Estados</a> em guerra, sendo o restante da península ocupada pelos <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Estados_Papais?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Estados Papais">Estados Papais</a> e pelo <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Reino_da_Sic%C3%ADlia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Reino da Sicília">Reino da Sicília</a>, até então designado <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Reino_de_N%C3%A1poles?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Reino de Nápoles">Reino de Nápoles</a>. Embora muitas dessas cidades tenham sido muitas vezes subordinadas formalmente a governantes estrangeiros, como no caso do <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ducado_de_Mil%C3%A3o?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ducado de Milão">Ducado de Milão</a>, que era oficialmente um Estado constituinte do <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sacro_Imp%C3%A9rio_Romano-Germ%C3%A2nico?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sacro Império Romano-Germânico">Sacro Império Romano-Germânico</a>, elas geralmente conseguiram manter a independência que haviam conquistado em terras italianas após o colapso do Império Romano do Ocidente. As cidades-Estados mais poderosas absorveram gradualmente os territórios que as circundavam, dando origem às <i>signorie</i> (singular: <i><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Signoria?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Signoria">signoria</a></i>), estados regionais frequentemente liderados por famílias mercantes que fundaram <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dinastia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dinastia">dinastias</a> locais. A guerra entre as cidades-Estados era endêmica e principalmente lutada por exércitos de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mercen%C3%A1rio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mercenário">mercenários</a> conhecidos como <i><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Condottieri?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Condottieri">condottieri</a></i>, grupos de soldados provenientes de toda a Europa, especialmente da <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alemanha?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alemanha">Alemanha</a> e da <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Su%C3%AD%C3%A7a?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Suíça">Suíça</a>, liderados em grande parte por capitães italianos.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-40"><span>[</span>40<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Após décadas de luta, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Floren%C3%A7a?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Florença">Florença</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mil%C3%A3o?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Milão">Milão</a> e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Veneza?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Veneza">Veneza</a> emergiram como as potências dominantes que assinaram o <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tratado_de_Lodi?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tratado de Lodi">Tratado de Lodi</a> em 1454, que trouxe calma relativa para a região pela primeira vez em séculos. Esta paz vigoraria nos quarenta anos seguintes.<sup id="cite_ref-Renascença_39-1" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Renascen%C3%A7a-39"><span>[</span>39<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:Florence_Italy_Remote-view-of-Santa-Maria-del-Fiore-01.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Florence_Italy_Remote-view-of-Santa-Maria-del-Fiore-01.jpg/220px-Florence_Italy_Remote-view-of-Santa-Maria-del-Fiore-01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4001" data-file-height="2667"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Florence_Italy_Remote-view-of-Santa-Maria-del-Fiore-01.jpg/220px-Florence_Italy_Remote-view-of-Santa-Maria-del-Fiore-01.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Florence_Italy_Remote-view-of-Santa-Maria-del-Fiore-01.jpg/330px-Florence_Italy_Remote-view-of-Santa-Maria-del-Fiore-01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Florence_Italy_Remote-view-of-Santa-Maria-del-Fiore-01.jpg/440px-Florence_Italy_Remote-view-of-Santa-Maria-del-Fiore-01.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Floren%C3%A7a?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Florença">Florença</a>, o berço do <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Renascimento?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Renascimento">Renascimento</a> </figcaption> </figure> <p>O <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Renascimento?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Renascimento">Renascimento</a>, um período de vigoroso renascimento das artes e da cultura, originou-se na Itália graças a uma série de fatores, como a grande riqueza acumulada pelas cidades mercantes, o <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mecenato?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mecenato">mecenato</a> de suas famílias dominantes<sup id="cite_ref-strathern_41-0" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-strathern-41"><span>[</span>41<span>]</span></a></sup> e a imigração de estudiosos e textos gregos para a Itália após a <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conquista_de_Constantinopla?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Conquista de Constantinopla">conquista de Constantinopla</a> pelo <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Imp%C3%A9rio_Otomano?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Império Otomano">Império Otomano</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Britannica1_42-0" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Britannica1-42"><span>[</span>42<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Harris_43-0" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Harris-43"><span>[</span>43<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Norwich_44-0" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Norwich-44"><span>[</span>44<span>]</span></a></sup> O <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Renascen%C3%A7a_italiana?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Renascença italiana">Renascimento italiano</a> atingiu o apogeu em meados do <span style="white-space:nowrap;">século XVI</span>, enquanto as invasões estrangeiras mergulhavam a região na turbulência das <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Guerras_Italianas?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Guerras Italianas">Guerras Italianas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Renascença_39-2" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Renascen%C3%A7a-39"><span>[</span>39<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Os <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Casa_dos_M%C3%A9dici?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Casa dos Médici">Médici</a> se tornaram a principal família de Florença e fomentaram e inspiraram o nascimento do Renascimento italiano,<sup id="cite_ref-strathern_41-1" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-strathern-41"><span>[</span>41<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-45"><span>[</span>45<span>]</span></a></sup> juntamente com outras famílias da Itália, como os <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Casa_de_Visconti?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Casa de Visconti">Visconti</a> e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Casa_de_Sforza?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Casa de Sforza">Sforza</a> de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mil%C3%A3o?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Milão">Milão</a>, os <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fam%C3%ADlia_Este?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Família Este">Este</a> de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ferrara?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferrara">Ferrara</a> e os <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fam%C3%ADlia_Gonzaga?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Família Gonzaga">Gonzaga</a> de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/M%C3%A2ntua?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mântua">Mântua</a>. Os melhores artistas, como <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Leonardo_da_Vinci?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Leonardo da Vinci">Leonardo da Vinci</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brunelleschi?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Brunelleschi">Brunelleschi</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Botticelli?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Botticelli">Botticelli</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Michelangelo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Michelangelo">Michelangelo</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Giotto?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Giotto">Giotto</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Donatello?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Donatello">Donatello</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ticiano?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ticiano">Ticiano</a> e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rafael?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rafael">Rafael</a> produziram trabalhos inspirados — sua pintura era mais realista do que tinha sido criada por artistas medievais e suas estátuas de mármore rivalizavam e às vezes superavam as da <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Antiguidade_Cl%C3%A1ssica?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Antiguidade Clássica">Antiguidade Clássica</a>. O historiador humanista <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Leonardo_Bruni?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Leonardo Bruni">Leonardo Bruni</a> também dividiu a história na <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Antiguidade?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Antiguidade">Antiguidade</a>, na <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Idade_M%C3%A9dia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Idade Média">Idade Média</a> e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Idade_Moderna?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Idade Moderna">Idade Moderna</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-hankins-2001_46-0" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-hankins-2001-46"><span>[</span>46<span>]</span></a></sup> As ideias e ideais do Renascimento logo se espalharam para <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="França">França</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inglaterra?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Inglaterra">Inglaterra</a> e grande parte da Europa. Enquanto isso, no entanto, a <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Descoberta_da_Am%C3%A9rica?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Descoberta da América">descoberta da América</a>, as <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Descoberta_do_caminho_mar%C3%ADtimo_para_a_%C3%8Dndia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Descoberta do caminho marítimo para a Índia">novas rotas</a> para a <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%81sia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ásia">Ásia</a> encontradas pelos <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Imp%C3%A9rio_Portugu%C3%AAs?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Império Português">portugueses</a> e o surgimento do Império Otomano, foram fatores que corromperam com o tradicional domínio italiano no comércio com o Oriente e provocaram um longo declínio econômico na península.<sup id="cite_ref-britannica.com_24-5" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-britannica.com-24"><span>[</span>24<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:Columbus_Taking_Possession.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Columbus_Taking_Possession.jpg/220px-Columbus_Taking_Possession.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2724" data-file-height="2062"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 167px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Columbus_Taking_Possession.jpg/220px-Columbus_Taking_Possession.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="167" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Columbus_Taking_Possession.jpg/330px-Columbus_Taking_Possession.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Columbus_Taking_Possession.jpg/440px-Columbus_Taking_Possession.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Crist%C3%B3v%C3%A3o_Colombo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cristóvão Colombo">Cristóvão Colombo</a> descobriu a <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Am%C3%A9rica?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="América">América</a> em 1492, abrindo uma <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Idade_Moderna?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Idade Moderna">nova era</a> na história da humanidade </figcaption> </figure> <p>Após as Guerras Italianas (1494 a 1559), provocadas pela rivalidade entre a França e a <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Espanha?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Espanha">Espanha</a>, as cidades-estados perderam gradualmente sua independência e sofreram a dominação estrangeira, primeiro pela Espanha (1559 a 1713) e depois pela <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Monarquia_de_Habsburgo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Monarquia de Habsburgo">Áustria</a> (1713 a 1796). Em 1629-1631, uma nova explosão de peste afetou cerca de 14% da população da Itália.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-47"><span>[</span>47<span>]</span></a></sup> Além disso, à medida que o <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Imp%C3%A9rio_Espanhol?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Império Espanhol">Império Espanhol</a> começou a declinar no <span style="white-space:nowrap;">século XVII</span>, suas posses em <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/N%C3%A1poles?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nápoles">Nápoles</a>, Sicília, Sardenha e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mil%C3%A3o?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Milão">Milão</a> também entraram em decadência. Em particular, o <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sul_da_It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Sul da Itália">sul da Itália</a> foi empobrecido deixou de ter relevância na corrente principal de eventos na Europa.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-48"><span>[</span>48<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>No <span style="white-space:nowrap;">século XVIII</span>, como resultado da <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Guerra_da_Sucess%C3%A3o_Espanhola?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Guerra da Sucessão Espanhola">Guerra da Sucessão Espanhola</a>, a Áustria substituiu a Espanha como poder estrangeiro dominante, enquanto a <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Casa_de_Saboia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Casa de Saboia">Casa de Saboia</a> surgiu como uma potência regional que se expandiu para o <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Piemonte?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Piemonte">Piemonte</a> e para a <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sardenha?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sardenha">Sardenha</a>. No mesmo século, o declínio de 200 anos foi interrompido pelas reformas econômicas e políticas levadas a cabo em diversos estados pelas elites governantes.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-49"><span>[</span>49<span>]</span></a></sup> Durante as <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Guerras_Napole%C3%B4nicas?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Guerras Napoleônicas">Guerras Napoleônicas</a>, o norte e o centro da Itália foram invadidos e reorganizados como um novo <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Reino_de_It%C3%A1lia_(1805-1814)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Reino de Itália (1805-1814)">Reino da Itália</a>, um <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Estado_cliente?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Estado cliente">Estado cliente</a> do <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primeiro_Imp%C3%A9rio_Franc%C3%AAs?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Primeiro Império Francês">Império Francês</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-50"><span>[</span>50<span>]</span></a></sup> enquanto a metade sul da península era administrada primeiro por <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Bonaparte?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="José Bonaparte">José Bonaparte</a> e depois por <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Joaquim_Murat?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Joaquim Murat">Joachim Murat</a>, respetivamente irmão e cunhado de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Napole%C3%A3o?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoleão">Napoleão</a>, que foram coroados como <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Reino_de_N%C3%A1poles?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Reino de Nápoles">reis de Nápoles</a>. O <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Congresso_de_Viena?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Congresso de Viena">Congresso de Viena</a> de 1814 restaurou a situação que era vigente no final do <span style="white-space:nowrap;">século XVIII</span>, mas os ideais da <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Revolu%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Francesa?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Revolução Francesa">Revolução Francesa</a> não puderam ser erradicados e pouco depois ressurgiram durante as convulsões políticas que caracterizaram a primeira parte do <span style="white-space:nowrap;">século XIX</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-britannica.com_24-6" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-britannica.com-24"><span>[</span>24<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Unificação"><span id="Unifica.C3.A7.C3.A3o"></span>Unificação</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=It%C3%A1lia&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editar secção: Unificação" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>editar</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="hatnote"> <span typeof="mw:File"><span> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/17px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="663" data-file-height="659"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 17px;height: 17px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/17px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="17" data-height="17" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/26px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/34px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></span></span>Ver artigos principais: <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Risorgimento?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Risorgimento">Risorgimento</a> e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Reino_de_It%C3%A1lia_(1861%E2%80%931946)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Reino de Itália (1861–1946)">Reino de Itália (1861–1946)</a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:Italian-unification.gif?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Italian-unification.gif/170px-Italian-unification.gif" decoding="async" width="170" height="170" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="640"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 170px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Italian-unification.gif/170px-Italian-unification.gif" data-width="170" data-height="170" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Italian-unification.gif/255px-Italian-unification.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Italian-unification.gif/340px-Italian-unification.gif 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> Mapa animado da <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Unifica%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Italiana?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Unificação Italiana">Unificação Italiana</a>, entre 1829 e 1871 </figcaption> </figure> <p>A Itália contemporânea nasceu como um <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Estado_unit%C3%A1rio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Estado unitário">Estado unitário</a> quando, em 17 de março de 1861, a maioria dos estados da península e as duas principais ilhas foram unidas sob o governo do <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Reino_de_Sardenha?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Reino de Sardenha">rei da Sardenha</a> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/V%C3%ADtor_Emanuel_II_da_It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vítor Emanuel II da Itália">Vítor Emanuel&nbsp;II</a> da Casa de Saboia. O arquiteto da unificação da Itália foi o primeiro-ministro da Sardenha, conde <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conde_de_Cavour?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Conde de Cavour">Camillo Benso de Cavour</a>, que apoiou (embora não reconhecendo diretamente) <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Giuseppe_Garibaldi?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Giuseppe Garibaldi">Giuseppe Garibaldi</a>, permitindo a anexação do <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Reino_das_Duas_Sic%C3%ADlias?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Reino das Duas Sicílias">Reino das Duas Sicílias</a> pelo <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Reino_da_Sardenha?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Reino da Sardenha">Reino da Sardenha-Piemonte</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-britannica.com_24-7" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-britannica.com-24"><span>[</span>24<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>O processo de unificação teve a ajuda da França, que — juntamente com o <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Reino_Unido?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Reino Unido">Reino Unido</a> — tinha interesse em criar um estado <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Monarquia_de_Habsburgo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Monarquia de Habsburgo">anti-Habsburgo</a> liderado por uma dinastia amiga (Saboia) e capaz de impedir o surgimento de um estado republicano e democrático na Itália, desejado por alguns "patriotas", como <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Giuseppe_Mazzini?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Giuseppe Mazzini">Mazzini</a> e como já tinha acontecido em parte, em <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Roma?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Roma">Roma</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mil%C3%A3o?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Milão">Milão</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Floren%C3%A7a?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Florença">Florença</a> e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Veneza?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Veneza">Veneza</a> durante o <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Revolu%C3%A7%C3%B5es_de_1848?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Revoluções de 1848">movimento revolucionário de 1848</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-britannica.com_24-8" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-britannica.com-24"><span>[</span>24<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>A primeira capital do reino foi <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Turim?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Turim">Turim</a>, a antiga capital do Reino da Sardenha e ponto de partida do processo de unificação da Itália. Depois da convenção de setembro de 1864, a capital foi transferida para Florença.<sup id="cite_ref-Turim_como_capital_do_Reino_da_Sardenha_51-0" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Turim_como_capital_do_Reino_da_Sardenha-51"><span>[</span>51<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Em 1866, a Itália anexou o <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/V%C3%AAneto?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vêneto">Vêneto</a>, até então na posse do <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Imp%C3%A9rio_Austr%C3%ADaco?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Império Austríaco">Império Austríaco</a>, na sequência da <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Terceira_guerra_de_independ%C3%AAncia_italiana?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Terceira guerra de independência italiana">terceira guerra de independência</a>, na qual a Itália foi aliada da <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Reino_da_Pr%C3%BAssia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Reino da Prússia">Prússia</a> de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bismarck?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Bismarck">Bismarck</a>. A unificação não incluiu a <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/C%C3%B3rsega?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Córsega">Córsega</a>, a região de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nice?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nice">Nice</a>, cidade natal de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Giuseppe_Garibaldi?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Giuseppe Garibaldi">Garibaldi</a>, nem <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Roma?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Roma">Roma</a> e os territórios vizinhos, que estavam sob o controle do Papa e protegidos por tropas de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Napole%C3%A3o_III?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoleão III">Napoleão&nbsp;III</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-britannica.com_24-9" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-britannica.com-24"><span>[</span>24<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:Piazza_Venezia_-_Il_Vittoriano.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Piazza_Venezia_-_Il_Vittoriano.jpg/290px-Piazza_Venezia_-_Il_Vittoriano.jpg" decoding="async" width="290" height="143" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4003" data-file-height="1967"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 290px;height: 143px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Piazza_Venezia_-_Il_Vittoriano.jpg/290px-Piazza_Venezia_-_Il_Vittoriano.jpg" data-width="290" data-height="143" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Piazza_Venezia_-_Il_Vittoriano.jpg/435px-Piazza_Venezia_-_Il_Vittoriano.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Piazza_Venezia_-_Il_Vittoriano.jpg/580px-Piazza_Venezia_-_Il_Vittoriano.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> <i><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Monumento_a_V%C3%ADtor_Emanuel?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Monumento a Vítor Emanuel">Altare della Patria</a></i> ("Altar da Pátria"), em honra a <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/V%C3%ADtor_Emanuel_II_da_It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vítor Emanuel II da Itália">Vítor Emanuel&nbsp;II</a>, primeiro <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Reino_de_It%C3%A1lia_(1861%E2%80%931946)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Reino de Itália (1861–1946)">rei da Itália</a> </figcaption> </figure> <p>Graças à <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Guerra_Franco-Prussiana?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Guerra Franco-Prussiana">derrota da França pelos prussianos</a>, após uma rápida ação militar em 20 de setembro de 1870, Roma também foi anexada e proclamada a capital do reino. Mais tarde, com o <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tratado_de_Latr%C3%A3o?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tratado de Latrão">Tratado de Latrão</a>, em 1929, o Papa obteve a soberania da <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cidade_do_Vaticano?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Cidade do Vaticano">Cidade do Vaticano</a>. Outra entidade autônoma dentro das fronteiras italianas é a <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/San_Marino?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="San Marino">República de San Marino</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-britannica.com_24-10" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-britannica.com-24"><span>[</span>24<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Mas mesmo após a conquista de Roma em 1870, a unificação da Itália ainda não estava completa, pois faltavam ainda as chamadas "<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Irredentismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Irredentismo">terras irredentas</a>": o <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Trentino?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Trentino">Trentino</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Trieste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Trieste">Trieste</a>, a <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%8Dstria?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ístria">Ístria</a> e a <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dalm%C3%A1cia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dalmácia">Dalmácia</a>, que os nacionalistas clamavam como pertencentes à Itália. O Trentino, Trieste, a Ístria e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Estado_Livre_de_Fiume?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Estado Livre de Fiume">Fiume</a> foram anexados depois dos tratados de paz, após a <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primeira_Guerra_Mundial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Primeira Guerra Mundial">Primeira Guerra Mundial</a>, impostos pela <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Terceira_Rep%C3%BAblica_Francesa?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Terceira República Francesa">França</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Reino_Unido_da_Gr%C3%A3-Bretanha_e_Irlanda?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Reino Unido da Grã-Bretanha e Irlanda">Reino Unido</a> e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Estados_Unidos?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Estados Unidos">Estados Unidos</a> aos <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Imp%C3%A9rios_Centrais?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Impérios Centrais">Impérios Centrais</a>, perdedores da guerra.<sup id="cite_ref-britannica.com_24-11" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-britannica.com-24"><span>[</span>24<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Fascismo">Fascismo</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=It%C3%A1lia&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editar secção: Fascismo" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>editar</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="hatnote"> <span typeof="mw:File"><span> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/17px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="663" data-file-height="659"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 17px;height: 17px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/17px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="17" data-height="17" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/26px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/34px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></span></span>Ver artigos principais: <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fascismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fascismo">Fascismo</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia_Fascista?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Itália Fascista">Itália Fascista</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Grande_It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Grande Itália">Grande Itália</a> e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Segunda_Guerra_Mundial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Segunda Guerra Mundial">Segunda Guerra Mundial</a> </div> <div class="hatnote"> <span typeof="mw:File"><span> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/17px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="663" data-file-height="659"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 17px;height: 17px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/17px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="17" data-height="17" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/26px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/34px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></span></span>Ver também&nbsp;: <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Crimes_de_guerra_da_It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Crimes de guerra da Itália">Crimes de guerra da Itália</a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:Mussolini_truppe_Etiopia.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Mussolini_truppe_Etiopia.jpg/220px-Mussolini_truppe_Etiopia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="450"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Mussolini_truppe_Etiopia.jpg/220px-Mussolini_truppe_Etiopia.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Mussolini_truppe_Etiopia.jpg/330px-Mussolini_truppe_Etiopia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Mussolini_truppe_Etiopia.jpg/440px-Mussolini_truppe_Etiopia.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Benito_Mussolini?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Benito Mussolini">Benito Mussolini</a>, líder do <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Partido_Nacional_Fascista?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Partido Nacional Fascista">Partido Nacional Fascista</a>, cumprimenta suas tropas na <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eti%C3%B3pia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Etiópia">Etiópia</a>. </figcaption> </figure> <p>A turbulência que se seguiu à devastação da <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primeira_Guerra_Mundial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Primeira Guerra Mundial">Primeira Guerra Mundial</a>, inspirada pela <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Revolu%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Russa_de_1917?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Revolução Russa de 1917">Revolução Russa de 1917</a>, levou à turbulência e anarquia. O governo liberal, temendo uma revolução <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Socialismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Socialismo">socialista</a>, começou a apoiar o pequeno <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Partido_Nacional_Fascista?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Partido Nacional Fascista">Partido Nacional Fascista</a>, liderado por <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Benito_Mussolini?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Benito Mussolini">Benito Mussolini</a>. Em outubro de 1922, as <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mil%C3%ADcia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Milícia">milícias</a> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fascismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fascismo">fascistas</a> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Camisas_negras?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Camisas negras">camisas negras</a> tentaram um <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Golpe_de_Estado?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Golpe de Estado">golpe de Estado</a> (a "<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Marcha_sobre_Roma?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Marcha sobre Roma">Marcha sobre Roma</a>"), que apesar de ter falhado, levou o rei <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/V%C3%ADtor_Emanuel_III_da_It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vítor Emanuel III da Itália">Vítor Emanuel&nbsp;III</a> a nomear Mussolini como primeiro-ministro. Nos anos seguintes, Mussolini proibiu todos os partidos políticos e liberdades pessoais, instituindo assim uma <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ditadura?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ditadura">ditadura</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-britannica.com_24-12" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-britannica.com-24"><span>[</span>24<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Em 1935, Mussolini <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Segunda_Guerra_%C3%8Dtalo-Et%C3%ADope?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Segunda Guerra Ítalo-Etíope">invadiu a Etiópia</a>, resultando em um isolamento internacional e levando à retirada da Itália da <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liga_das_Na%C3%A7%C3%B5es?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Liga das Nações">Liga das Nações</a>. Subsequentemente, a Itália deu forte apoio a <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Francisco_Franco?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Francisco Franco">Franco</a> na <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Guerra_Civil_Espanhola?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Guerra Civil Espanhola">Guerra Civil Espanhola</a> e mais tarde <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pacto_de_A%C3%A7o?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pacto de Aço">aliou-se com a Alemanha nazista</a> e com o <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pacto_Tripartite?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pacto Tripartite">Império do Japão</a>. Em 1939, a Itália <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Invas%C3%A3o_italiana_da_Alb%C3%A2nia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Invasão italiana da Albânia">ocupou a Albânia</a>, um <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Protetorado?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Protetorado">protetorado</a> italiano <i><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/De_facto?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="De facto">de facto</a></i> durante décadas e entrou na <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Segunda_Guerra_Mundial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Segunda Guerra Mundial">Segunda Guerra Mundial</a> em junho de 1940 ao lado das <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pot%C3%AAncias_do_Eixo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Potências do Eixo">potências do Eixo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-britannica.com_24-13" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-britannica.com-24"><span>[</span>24<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Fascismo_na_Itália_52-0" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Fascismo_na_It%C3%A1lia-52"><span>[</span>52<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:Italy%27s_colonial_empire.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Italy%27s_colonial_empire.png/220px-Italy%27s_colonial_empire.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="221" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="802" data-file-height="807"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 221px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Italy%27s_colonial_empire.png/220px-Italy%27s_colonial_empire.png" data-width="220" data-height="221" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Italy%27s_colonial_empire.png/330px-Italy%27s_colonial_empire.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Italy%27s_colonial_empire.png/440px-Italy%27s_colonial_empire.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> Extensão máxima do <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Imp%C3%A9rio_colonial_italiano?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Império colonial italiano">Império colonial italiano</a> (1940-1943) </figcaption> </figure> <p>Mussolini, querendo uma vitória rápida como a <i><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Blitzkrieg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Blitzkrieg">blitzkriegs</a></i> de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Adolf_Hitler?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a> na <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pol%C3%B4nia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Polônia">Polônia</a> e na <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="França">França</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Guerra_Greco-Italiana?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Guerra Greco-Italiana">invadiu a Grécia</a> em outubro de 1940, mas foi forçado a aceitar um empate humilhante depois de alguns meses. Ao mesmo tempo, a Itália, depois de inicialmente conquistar a <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Somalil%C3%A2ndia_Brit%C3%A2nica?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Somalilândia Britânica">Somalilândia Britânica</a> e partes do <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Egito?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Egito">Egito</a>, sofreu um contra-ataque dos <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aliados_da_Segunda_Guerra_Mundial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aliados da Segunda Guerra Mundial">Aliados</a> que acabou com todas as suas possessões no <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Corno_de_%C3%81frica?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Corno de África">Corno de África</a> e no <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Norte_da_%C3%81frica?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Norte da África">Norte da África</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-britannica.com_24-14" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-britannica.com-24"><span>[</span>24<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>A Itália foi <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Invas%C3%A3o_aliada_da_Sic%C3%ADlia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Invasão aliada da Sicília">invadida pelos Aliados</a> em julho de 1943, levando ao colapso do regime fascista e à queda de Mussolini. Em setembro de 1943, a Itália <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Armist%C3%ADcio_com_a_It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Armistício com a Itália">se rendeu</a>. O país foi <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Campanha_da_It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Campanha da Itália">palco de combates</a> durante o resto da guerra, enquanto os Aliados estavam avançando a partir do sul e o norte era a base para as forças leais ao regime fascista e às forças alemãs. Os combates tiveram a participação do <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Resist%C3%AAncia_italiana?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Resistência italiana">movimento de resistência italiano</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-britannica.com_24-15" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-britannica.com-24"><span>[</span>24<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>As hostilidades terminaram em 2 de maio de 1945. Quase meio milhão de italianos (incluindo civis) morreram no conflito<sup id="cite_ref-britannica.com_24-16" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-britannica.com-24"><span>[</span>24<span>]</span></a></sup> e a <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Economia_da_It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Economia da Itália">economia italiana</a> tinha sido completamente destruída; a renda <i>per capita</i> em 1944 estava em seu ponto mais baixo desde o início do <span style="white-space:nowrap;">século XX</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-53"><span>[</span>53<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="República"><span id="Rep.C3.BAblica"></span>República</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=It%C3%A1lia&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editar secção: República" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>editar</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="hatnote"> <span typeof="mw:File"><span> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/17px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="663" data-file-height="659"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 17px;height: 17px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/17px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="17" data-height="17" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/26px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/34px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></span></span>Ver artigo principal: <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia_republicana?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Itália republicana">Itália republicana</a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:President_Enrico_De_Nicola_sign_the_Italian_Constitution_1947.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/President_Enrico_De_Nicola_sign_the_Italian_Constitution_1947.jpg/220px-President_Enrico_De_Nicola_sign_the_Italian_Constitution_1947.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2697" data-file-height="1800"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/President_Enrico_De_Nicola_sign_the_Italian_Constitution_1947.jpg/220px-President_Enrico_De_Nicola_sign_the_Italian_Constitution_1947.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/President_Enrico_De_Nicola_sign_the_Italian_Constitution_1947.jpg/330px-President_Enrico_De_Nicola_sign_the_Italian_Constitution_1947.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/President_Enrico_De_Nicola_sign_the_Italian_Constitution_1947.jpg/440px-President_Enrico_De_Nicola_sign_the_Italian_Constitution_1947.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> O chefe de Estado provisório, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Enrico_De_Nicola?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Enrico De Nicola">Enrico De Nicola</a>, assina a <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Constitui%C3%A7%C3%A3o_da_Rep%C3%BAblica_Italiana?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Constituição da República Italiana">Constituição da República Italiana</a> em virtude da provisão XVIII, em 27 de dezembro de 1947 </figcaption> </figure> <p>A Itália se tornou uma <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="República">república</a>, após um referendo realizado em 2 de junho de 1946, um dia comemorado desde então como o Dia da República. Esta foi também a primeira vez que as mulheres italianas tiveram <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Direito_ao_voto?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Direito ao voto">direito ao voto</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-54"><span>[</span>54<span>]</span></a></sup> O filho de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/V%C3%ADtor_Emanuel_III_da_It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vítor Emanuel III da Itália">Vítor Emmanuel III</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Humberto_II_da_It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Humberto II da Itália">Humberto II</a>, foi forçado a abdicar e foi <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ex%C3%ADlio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Exílio">exilado</a>. A <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Constitui%C3%A7%C3%A3o_da_Rep%C3%BAblica_Italiana?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Constituição da República Italiana">constituição republicana</a> entrou em vigor em 1 de janeiro de 1948. Nos termos dos <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tratado_de_Paris_(1947)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tratado de Paris (1947)">Tratados de Paz de Paris</a> de 1947, a área da fronteira oriental foi perdida para a <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_Socialista_Federativa_da_Iugosl%C3%A1via?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="República Socialista Federativa da Iugoslávia">Iugoslávia</a> e, mais tarde, o <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Territ%C3%B3rio_Livre_de_Trieste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Território Livre de Trieste">Território Livre de Trieste</a> foi dividido entre os dois Estados. O medo no eleitorado italiano de uma possível tomada <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Comunismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Comunismo">comunista</a> provou ser crucial para o resultado da primeira eleição com <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sufr%C3%A1gio_universal?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sufrágio universal">sufrágio universal</a> em 18 de abril de 1948, quando os <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Democracia_Crist%C3%A3_(It%C3%A1lia)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Democracia Cristã (Itália)">democratas-cristãos</a>, sob a liderança de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alcide_De_Gasperi?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alcide De Gasperi">Alcide De Gasperi</a>, obtiveram uma vitória esmagadora. Consequentemente, em 1949, a Itália tornou-se membro da <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/OTAN?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="OTAN">OTAN</a>. O <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Plano_Marshall?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Plano Marshall">Plano Marshall</a> ajudou a reavivar a economia italiana, que, até final dos anos 1960, desfrutou de um período de crescimento econômico sustentado, o que foi comumente chamado de "<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Milagre_econ%C3%B4mico_italiano?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Milagre econômico italiano">Milagre Econômico</a>". Em 1957, a Itália foi um membro fundador da <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Comunidade_Econ%C3%B4mica_Europeia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Comunidade Econômica Europeia">Comunidade Econômica Europeia</a> (CEE), que posteriormente se tornou a <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uni%C3%A3o_Europeia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="União Europeia">União Europeia</a> (UE) em 1993.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-55"><span>[</span>55<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Do final dos anos 1960 até o início dos anos 1980, o país experimentou os "<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anos_de_chumbo_(It%C3%A1lia)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Anos de chumbo (Itália)">anos de chumbo</a>", um período caracterizado pela crise econômica (especialmente após a <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Crise_do_petr%C3%B3leo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Crise do petróleo">crise do petróleo</a> de 1973), generalizados conflitos sociais e massacres terroristas realizados por grupos extremistas opostos, com o suposto envolvimento dos <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Servi%C3%A7o_de_intelig%C3%AAncia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Serviço de inteligência">serviços de inteligência</a> dos <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Estados_Unidos?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Estados Unidos">Estados Unidos</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-56"><span>[</span>56<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Docs_57-0" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Docs-57"><span>[</span>57<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-República_italiana_1_58-0" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Rep%C3%BAblica_italiana_1-58"><span>[</span>58<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%80.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%80.jpg/220px-%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%80.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="519"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 143px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%80.jpg/220px-%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%80.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="143" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%80.jpg/330px-%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%80.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%80.jpg/440px-%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%80.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> A cerimônia de assinatura do <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tratado_de_Roma_(1957)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tratado de Roma (1957)">Tratado de Roma</a>, em 25 de março de 1957, criando a <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Comunidade_Econ%C3%B4mica_Europeia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Comunidade Econômica Europeia">Comunidade Econômica Europeia</a>, precursora da atual <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uni%C3%A3o_Europeia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="União Europeia">União Europeia</a>. A Itália é um membro fundador de todas as instituições da UE </figcaption> </figure> <p>Os anos de chumbo culminaram com o assassinato do líder democrata-cristão <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aldo_Moro?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aldo Moro">Aldo Moro</a> em 1978, um evento que afetou profundamente todo o país. Na década de 1980, pela primeira vez desde 1945, dois governos foram conduzidos por primeiros-ministros que não eram democratas-cristãos: um liberal (<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Giovanni_Spadolini?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Giovanni Spadolini">Giovanni Spadolini</a>) e um socialista (<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bettino_Craxi?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bettino Craxi">Bettino Craxi</a>), o Partido Democrata Cristão permaneceu, no entanto, como o principal partido do governo. Durante o governo Craxi, a economia recuperou e a Itália se tornou a quinta maior nação industrial do mundo, ganhando ingresso no <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/G7?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="G7">G7</a>. No entanto, como resultado de suas políticas de gastos, a <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D%C3%ADvida_nacional?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Dívida nacional">dívida nacional</a> italiana disparou durante a era Craxi, passando de 100% do <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Produto_interno_bruto?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Produto interno bruto">produto interno bruto</a> (PIB) pouco depois.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-59"><span>[</span>59<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>No início de 1990, a Itália enfrentou desafios significativos, devido aos eleitores — desencantados com a paralisia política, a dívida pública enorme e extensa <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Corrup%C3%A7%C3%A3o_pol%C3%ADtica?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Corrupção política">corrupção</a> do sistema (conhecida como <i>Tangentopoli</i>) descoberto pela "<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Opera%C3%A7%C3%A3o_M%C3%A3os_Limpas?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Operação Mãos Limpas">Operação Mãos Limpas</a>" — exigirem reformas radicais. Os escândalos envolveram todos os principais partidos, mas especialmente os da <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Coaliz%C3%A3o?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Coalizão">coalizão</a> de governo: o <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Democracia_Crist%C3%A3_(It%C3%A1lia)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Democracia Cristã (Itália)">partido democrata-cristão</a>, que governou durante quase 50 anos, sofreu uma grave crise e acabou por ser dissolvido em 1994, dividindo-se em várias facções. Os <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Partido_Comunista_Italiano?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Partido Comunista Italiano">comunistas</a> reorganizaram-se como uma força <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Social-democrata?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Social-democrata">social-democrata</a>. Durante os anos 1990 e 2000, a centro-direita (dominada pelo magnata da mídia <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Silvio_Berlusconi?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Silvio Berlusconi">Silvio Berlusconi</a>) e coalizões de centro-esquerda governaram alternadamente o país, que entrou em um período prolongado de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Estagna%C3%A7%C3%A3o_econ%C3%B4mica?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Estagnação econômica">estagnação econômica</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-60"><span>[</span>60<span>]</span></a></sup></p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Geografia">Geografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=It%C3%A1lia&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editar secção: Geografia" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>editar</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:Italy_topographic_map-blank.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Italy_topographic_map-blank.svg/170px-Italy_topographic_map-blank.svg.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="209" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1759" data-file-height="2167"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 209px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Italy_topographic_map-blank.svg/170px-Italy_topographic_map-blank.svg.png" data-width="170" data-height="209" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Italy_topographic_map-blank.svg/255px-Italy_topographic_map-blank.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Italy_topographic_map-blank.svg/340px-Italy_topographic_map-blank.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> Mapa topográfico da Itália </figcaption> </figure> <p>A Itália está localizada no <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sul_da_Europa?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Sul da Europa">sul da Europa</a> e compreende a <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pen%C3%ADnsula_It%C3%A1lica?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Península Itálica">península Itálica</a> e uma série de ilhas, incluindo as duas maiores, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sic%C3%ADlia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sicília">Sicília</a> e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sardenha?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sardenha">Sardenha</a>. Situa-se entre as latitudes 35° e 47° N e longitude 6° e 19° E. Embora o país compreenda a totalidade península e a maior parte da bacia <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alpes?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alpes">alpina</a> meridional, alguns do território da Itália se estendem além da bacia alpina e algumas ilhas estão localizadas fora da <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Plataforma_continental?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Plataforma continental">plataforma continental</a> da <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eur%C3%A1sia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eurásia">Eurásia</a>. Esses territórios são as <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Comuna_italiana?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Comuna italiana">comunas</a> de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Livigno?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Livigno">Livigno</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sesto?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="Sesto">Sesto</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/San_Candido?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="San Candido">Innichen</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dobbiaco?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dobbiaco">Dobbiaco</a> (em parte), <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chiusaforte?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chiusaforte">Chiusaforte</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tarvisio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tarvisio">Tarvisio</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Curon_Venosta?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Curon Venosta">Curon Venosta</a> (em parte), que fazem parte da bacia do <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rio_Dan%C3%BAbio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rio Danúbio">rio Danúbio</a>, enquanto o <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lago_de_Lei?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lago de Lei">Val di Lei</a> constitui parte do bacia do <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rio_Reno?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rio Reno">Reno</a> e as ilhas de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lampedusa?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lampedusa">Lampedusa</a> e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ilha_de_Lampione?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ilha de Lampione">Lampione</a> estão na plataforma continental <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%81frica?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="África">africana</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Geo_61-0" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Geo-61"><span>[</span>61<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>A área total do país é de 301&nbsp;230&nbsp;km², dos quais 294&nbsp;020&nbsp;km² são terra e 7&nbsp;210&nbsp;km² água. Incluindo as ilhas, a Itália tem um litoral e uma fronteira de 7&nbsp;600 km nos mares <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mar_Adri%C3%A1tico?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mar Adriático">Adriático</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mar_J%C3%B4nico?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mar Jônico">Jônico</a> e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mar_Tirreno?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mar Tirreno">Tirreno</a> (740&nbsp;km) e as fronteiras comuns com a <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="França">França</a> (488&nbsp;km), <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%81ustria?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Áustria">Áustria</a> (430&nbsp;km), <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eslov%C3%AAnia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Eslovênia">Eslovênia</a> (232&nbsp;km) e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Su%C3%AD%C3%A7a?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Suíça">Suíça</a>; <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/San_Marino?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="San Marino">San Marino</a> (39&nbsp;km) e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cidade_do_Vaticano?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Cidade do Vaticano">Cidade do Vaticano</a> (3,2&nbsp;km), ambos <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Enclave?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Enclave">enclaves</a>, também entram como fronteiras.<sup id="cite_ref-Geo_61-1" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Geo-61"><span>[</span>61<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Os <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Apeninos?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Apeninos">Apeninos</a> formam a espinha dorsal da península e os <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alpes?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alpes">Alpes</a> formam a sua fronteira natural a norte, onde está o ponto mais alto da Itália, o <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Monte_Branco?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Monte Branco">monte Branco</a> (4&nbsp;810&nbsp;m). O <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rio_P%C3%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rio Pó">Pó</a>, maior rio da Itália (652&nbsp;km), flui dos Alpes na fronteira oeste com a França e atravessa a planície da <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pad%C3%A2nia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Padânia">Padânia</a> em seu caminho para o mar Adriático. Os cinco maiores lagos são (em ordem de tamanho decrescente):<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-62"><span>[</span>62<span>]</span></a></sup> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lago_de_Garda?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lago de Garda">Garda</a> (367,94&nbsp;km²), <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lago_Maior?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lago Maior">Maggiore</a> (212,51&nbsp;km²), <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lago_de_Como?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lago de Como">Como</a> (145,9&nbsp;km²), <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lago_Trasimeno?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lago Trasimeno">Trasimeno</a> (124,29&nbsp;km²) e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lago_Bolsena?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lago Bolsena">Bolsena</a> (113,55&nbsp;km²).<sup id="cite_ref-Geo_61-2" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Geo-61"><span>[</span>61<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>O país está situado no ponto de encontro da <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Placa_tect%C3%B3nica?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Placa tectónica">placas tectônicas</a> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Placa_Eurasi%C3%A1tica?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Placa Eurasiática">eurasiática</a> e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Placa_Africana?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Placa Africana">africana</a>, levando a uma atividade <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sismo">sísmica</a> e vulcânica considerável. Existem 14&nbsp;<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vulc%C3%A3o?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vulcão">vulcões</a> na Itália, três dos quais estão ativos: <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Etna?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Etna">Etna</a> (o tradicional local de forja de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vulcano_(mitologia)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vulcano (mitologia)">Vulcano</a>), <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Stromboli?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Stromboli">Stromboli</a> e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ves%C3%BAvio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vesúvio">Vesúvio</a>. Este último é o único vulcão ativo da <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Europa?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Europa">Europa</a> continental e é o mais famoso pela destruição de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pompeia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pompeia">Pompeia</a> e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Herculano?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Herculano">Herculano</a>. Várias ilhas e colinas foram criadas pela atividade vulcânica e ainda há uma grande <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Caldeira_vulc%C3%A2nica?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Caldeira vulcânica">caldeira</a> ativa, os <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Campos_Fl%C3%A9greos?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Campos Flégreos">Campos Flégreos</a>, no noroeste de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/N%C3%A1poles?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nápoles">Nápoles</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Geo_61-3" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Geo-61"><span>[</span>61<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerycaption">Geografia da Itália</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 152px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:Vernazza_and_the_sea,_Cinque_Terre,_Italy.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Riviera Italiana na Ligúria."> <noscript> <img alt="Riviera Italiana na Ligúria." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Vernazza_and_the_sea%2C_Cinque_Terre%2C_Italy.jpg/225px-Vernazza_and_the_sea%2C_Cinque_Terre%2C_Italy.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="100" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 150px;height: 100px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Vernazza_and_the_sea%2C_Cinque_Terre%2C_Italy.jpg/225px-Vernazza_and_the_sea%2C_Cinque_Terre%2C_Italy.jpg" data-alt="Riviera Italiana na Ligúria." data-width="150" data-height="100" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Vernazza_and_the_sea%2C_Cinque_Terre%2C_Italy.jpg/338px-Vernazza_and_the_sea%2C_Cinque_Terre%2C_Italy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Vernazza_and_the_sea%2C_Cinque_Terre%2C_Italy.jpg/450px-Vernazza_and_the_sea%2C_Cinque_Terre%2C_Italy.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Riviera_Italiana?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Riviera Italiana">Riviera Italiana</a> na <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lig%C3%BAria?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ligúria">Ligúria</a>. </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 138px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 136px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:Trafoi_01.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Igreja em Stelvio, nos Alpes."> <noscript> <img alt="Igreja em Stelvio, nos Alpes." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Trafoi_01.jpg/204px-Trafoi_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="136" height="100" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2524" data-file-height="1860"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 136px;height: 100px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Trafoi_01.jpg/204px-Trafoi_01.jpg" data-alt="Igreja em Stelvio, nos Alpes." data-width="136" data-height="100" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Trafoi_01.jpg/306px-Trafoi_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Trafoi_01.jpg/407px-Trafoi_01.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> Igreja em <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Stelvio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Stelvio">Stelvio</a>, nos <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alpes?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alpes">Alpes</a>. </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 153.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 151.33333333333px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:Bellagio_1.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Lago Como, na Lombardia."> <noscript> <img alt="Lago Como, na Lombardia." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Bellagio_1.jpg/227px-Bellagio_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="152" height="100" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2267" data-file-height="1500"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 152px;height: 100px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Bellagio_1.jpg/227px-Bellagio_1.jpg" data-alt="Lago Como, na Lombardia." data-width="152" data-height="100" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Bellagio_1.jpg/340px-Bellagio_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Bellagio_1.jpg/454px-Bellagio_1.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lago_Como?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Lago Como">Lago Como</a>, na <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lombardia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lombardia">Lombardia</a>. </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 152px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:Isola_di_Levanzo,_Sicilia,_Italia.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Levanzo, na Sicília."> <noscript> <img alt="Levanzo, na Sicília." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Isola_di_Levanzo%2C_Sicilia%2C_Italia.jpg/225px-Isola_di_Levanzo%2C_Sicilia%2C_Italia.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="100" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 150px;height: 100px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Isola_di_Levanzo%2C_Sicilia%2C_Italia.jpg/225px-Isola_di_Levanzo%2C_Sicilia%2C_Italia.jpg" data-alt="Levanzo, na Sicília." data-width="150" data-height="100" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Isola_di_Levanzo%2C_Sicilia%2C_Italia.jpg/338px-Isola_di_Levanzo%2C_Sicilia%2C_Italia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Isola_di_Levanzo%2C_Sicilia%2C_Italia.jpg/450px-Isola_di_Levanzo%2C_Sicilia%2C_Italia.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Levanzo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Levanzo">Levanzo</a>, na <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sic%C3%ADlia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sicília">Sicília</a>. </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 133.33333333333px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:Dolomites_-_panoramio_(14).jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Dolomitas, nos Alpes."> <noscript> <img alt="Dolomitas, nos Alpes." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Dolomites_-_panoramio_%2814%29.jpg/200px-Dolomites_-_panoramio_%2814%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="134" height="100" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 134px;height: 100px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Dolomites_-_panoramio_%2814%29.jpg/200px-Dolomites_-_panoramio_%2814%29.jpg" data-alt="Dolomitas, nos Alpes." data-width="134" data-height="100" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Dolomites_-_panoramio_%2814%29.jpg/300px-Dolomites_-_panoramio_%2814%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Dolomites_-_panoramio_%2814%29.jpg/400px-Dolomites_-_panoramio_%2814%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dolomitas?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dolomitas">Dolomitas</a>, nos Alpes. </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 156.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 154.66666666667px;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:St._Antioco_Island,_Sardinia.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Ilha Sant'Antioco, na Sardenha."> <noscript> <img alt="Ilha Sant'Antioco, na Sardenha." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/St._Antioco_Island%2C_Sardinia.jpg/232px-St._Antioco_Island%2C_Sardinia.jpg" decoding="async" width="155" height="100" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3543"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 155px;height: 100px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/St._Antioco_Island%2C_Sardinia.jpg/232px-St._Antioco_Island%2C_Sardinia.jpg" data-alt="Ilha Sant'Antioco, na Sardenha." data-width="155" data-height="100" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/St._Antioco_Island%2C_Sardinia.jpg/348px-St._Antioco_Island%2C_Sardinia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/St._Antioco_Island%2C_Sardinia.jpg/464px-St._Antioco_Island%2C_Sardinia.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> Ilha <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sant%27Antioco?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sant'Antioco">Sant'Antioco</a>, na <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sardenha?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sardenha">Sardenha</a>. </div></li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Clima">Clima</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=It%C3%A1lia&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editar secção: Clima" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>editar</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:Italy_K%C3%B6ppen.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Italy_K%C3%B6ppen.svg/170px-Italy_K%C3%B6ppen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="270" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="765" data-file-height="1215"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 270px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Italy_K%C3%B6ppen.svg/170px-Italy_K%C3%B6ppen.svg.png" data-width="170" data-height="270" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Italy_K%C3%B6ppen.svg/255px-Italy_K%C3%B6ppen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Italy_K%C3%B6ppen.svg/340px-Italy_K%C3%B6ppen.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> Itália pela <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Classifica%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_K%C3%B6ppen?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Classificação de Köppen">classificação de Köppen</a> </figcaption> </figure> <p>Graças à grande extensão longitudinal da península e a conformação interna principalmente montanhosa, o clima da Itália é altamente diversificado. Na maior parte das regiões setentrionais e centrais do interior, o clima varia de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Subtropical_%C3%BAmido?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Subtropical úmido">subtropical úmido</a> a <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Clima_continental?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Clima continental">continental</a> e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Clima_oce%C3%A2nico?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Clima oceânico">oceânico úmido</a>. Em particular, o clima da região geográfica da <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Plan%C3%ADcie_Padana?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Planície Padana">Planície Padana</a> é predominantemente continental, com invernos rigorosos e verões quentes.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-63"><span>[</span>63<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-64"><span>[</span>64<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>As áreas costeiras da <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lig%C3%BAria?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ligúria">Ligúria</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Toscana?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Toscana">Toscana</a> e a maioria do <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sul_da_It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Sul da Itália">Sul</a> geralmente se encaixam no estereótipo do <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Clima_mediterr%C3%A2neo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Clima mediterrâneo">clima mediterrâneo</a> (<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Classifica%C3%A7%C3%A3o_clim%C3%A1tica_de_K%C3%B6ppen?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Classificação climática de Köppen">classificação climática de Köppen</a>, <i>Csa</i>). As condições nas áreas costeiras peninsulares podem ser muito diferentes dos terrenos e vales mais altos do interior, particularmente durante os meses de inverno, quando as altitudes mais altas tendem a ser frias, úmidas e muitas vezes com <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Neve?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Neve">neve</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Clima_65-0" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Clima-65"><span>[</span>65<span>]</span></a></sup> As regiões costeiras têm invernos suaves e verões quentes e geralmente secos, embora os vales das planícies possam ser bastante quentes no verão.<sup id="cite_ref-ClimaAtlas_66-0" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-ClimaAtlas-66"><span>[</span>66<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>As temperaturas médias no inverno variam de 0&nbsp;<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Grau_Celsius?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Grau Celsius">°C</a> nos <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alpes?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alpes">Alpes</a> a 12&nbsp;°C na <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sic%C3%ADlia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sicília">Sicília</a>, assim como as temperaturas médias no verão variam de 20&nbsp;°C a mais de 25&nbsp;°C. Os invernos podem variar muito em todo o país com períodos frios, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nevoeiro?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nevoeiro">nevoentos</a> e com neve no norte e condições mais amenas e ensolaradas no sul. Os verões são geralmente quentes e úmidos em todo o país, especialmente no sul, enquanto as áreas norte e central podem experimentar fortes tempestades ocasionais da primavera ao outono.<sup id="cite_ref-ClimaAtlas_66-1" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-ClimaAtlas-66"><span>[</span>66<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Ambiente">Ambiente</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=It%C3%A1lia&amp;action=edit&amp;section=12&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editar secção: Ambiente" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>editar</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:Italy_natural_parks.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Italy_natural_parks.png/170px-Italy_natural_parks.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="208" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="270" data-file-height="330"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 208px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Italy_natural_parks.png/170px-Italy_natural_parks.png" data-width="170" data-height="208" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Italy_natural_parks.png/255px-Italy_natural_parks.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a1/Italy_natural_parks.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> Parques nacionais (verde) e regionais (vermelho) na Itália </figcaption> </figure> <p>Depois do seu rápido crescimento industrial, a Itália levou um longo tempo para confrontar os seus problemas ambientais. Depois de várias melhorias, ela agora se posiciona na 84.ª&nbsp;posição no mundo com relação a sustentabilidade ecológica.<sup id="cite_ref-devp2_67-0" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-devp2-67"><span>[</span>67<span>]</span></a></sup> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Parque_nacional?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Parque nacional">Parques nacionais</a> cobrem cerca de 5% do país.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-68"><span>[</span>68<span>]</span></a></sup> Na década de 2010, a Itália se tornou um dos líderes do mundo em produção de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Energia_renov%C3%A1vel?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Energia renovável">energia renovável</a>, sendo o país com a quarta maior capacidade instalada de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Energia_solar?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Energia solar">energia solar</a> no mundo em 2010 e um dos países com a maior penetração de energia solar.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-69"><span>[</span>69<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BaroPhoto2010_70-0" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-BaroPhoto2010-70"><span>[</span>70<span>]</span></a></sup> além de ter a sexta maior capacidade instalada de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Energia_e%C3%B3lica?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Energia eólica">energia eólica</a> em 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-wwea_71-0" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-wwea-71"><span>[</span>71<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>No entanto, a <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Polui%C3%A7%C3%A3o_atmosf%C3%A9rica?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Poluição atmosférica">poluição atmosférica</a> continua sendo um problema severo, especialmente no norte industrializado, atingindo o décimo maior nível mundial de emissão de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Di%C3%B3xido_de_carbono?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dióxido de carbono">dióxido de carbono</a> industrial no anos 1990.<sup id="cite_ref-Encyclopedia_of_the_Nations_72-0" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Encyclopedia_of_the_Nations-72"><span>[</span>72<span>]</span></a></sup> Em 2009, a Itália era o 16.° maior lançador global de dióxido de carbono na atmosfera.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-73"><span>[</span>73<span>]</span></a></sup> Tráfico intenso e congestão nas maiores áreas metropolitanos continuam a causar severos problemas ambientais e de saúde pública, mesmo que os níveis de <i><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Smog?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Smog">smog</a></i> tenham diminuído dramaticamente entre os anos 1970 e 1980, com a presença de <i>smog</i> se tornando um fenômeno cada vez mais raro e os níveis de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Di%C3%B3xido_de_enxofre?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dióxido de enxofre">dióxido de enxofre</a> estavam diminuindo no início da década de 1990.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-74"><span>[</span>74<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Muitos cursos de água e seções costeiras tem sido contaminados pela atividade industrial e agricultural, enquanto em decorrência dos níveis crescentes da água, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Veneza?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Veneza">Veneza</a> tem sido regularmente inundada em anos recentes. Lixo e contaminantes da atividade industrial nem sempre foram descartados por meios legais e têm levado a problemas permanentes de saúde na população das áreas afetadas, como no caso do <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Acidente_de_Seveso?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Acidente de Seveso">acidente de Seveso</a>. O país também operou várias <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Central_nuclear?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Central nuclear">usinas nucleares</a> entre 1963 e 1990, mas após o <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Desastre_de_Chernobyl?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Desastre de Chernobyl">desastre de Chernobyl</a> e um <span title="artigo inexistente: “Referendo italiano de 1987”">referendo sobre o assunto</span> o programa nuclear civil foi terminado. Essa decisão foi revogada pelo governo em 2008, que planeava construir até quatro usinas nucleares com tecnologia francesa. O que por sua vez foi cancelado após o referendo sobre a questão nuclear logo depois do <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Desastre_de_Fukushima?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Desastre de Fukushima">desastre de Fukushima</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-75"><span>[</span>75<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Desfloresta%C3%A7%C3%A3o?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Desflorestação">Desmatamento</a>, construção ilegal e políticas deficientes de manejo do solo levaram a <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eros%C3%A3o?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Erosão">erosão</a> significativa de todas as regiões montanhosas da Itália, levando a desastres ecológicos de grandes proporções como a transposição da <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Barragem_de_Vajont?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Barragem de Vajont">barragem de Vajont</a> em 1963, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Deslizamento_de_terra?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Deslizamento de terra">deslizamentos de terra</a> em 2008 em <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sarno?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sarno">Sarno</a><sup id="cite_ref-Sicily_mudslide_leaves_scores_dead_76-0" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Sicily_mudslide_leaves_scores_dead-76"><span>[</span>76<span>]</span></a></sup> e em 2010, em <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Messina?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Messina">Messina</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-77"><span>[</span>77<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right:auto; width:100%; max-width:1008px;"> <div class="thumbinner"> <div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:Bergtocht_van_Gimillan_(1805m.)_naar_Colle_Tsa_S%C3%A8tse_in_Cogne_Valley_(Itali%C3%AB)._Zicht_op_de_omringende_alpentoppen_van_Gran_Paradiso_08.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Gran Paradiso, estabelecido em 1922, é o mais antigo parque nacional italiano."> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Bergtocht_van_Gimillan_%281805m.%29_naar_Colle_Tsa_S%C3%A8tse_in_Cogne_Valley_%28Itali%C3%AB%29._Zicht_op_de_omringende_alpentoppen_van_Gran_Paradiso_08.jpg/1000px-Bergtocht_van_Gimillan_%281805m.%29_naar_Colle_Tsa_S%C3%A8tse_in_Cogne_Valley_%28Itali%C3%AB%29._Zicht_op_de_omringende_alpentoppen_van_Gran_Paradiso_08.jpg" decoding="async" width="1000" height="196" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="5182" data-file-height="1016"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 1000px;height: 196px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Bergtocht_van_Gimillan_%281805m.%29_naar_Colle_Tsa_S%C3%A8tse_in_Cogne_Valley_%28Itali%C3%AB%29._Zicht_op_de_omringende_alpentoppen_van_Gran_Paradiso_08.jpg/1000px-Bergtocht_van_Gimillan_%281805m.%29_naar_Colle_Tsa_S%C3%A8tse_in_Cogne_Valley_%28Itali%C3%AB%29._Zicht_op_de_omringende_alpentoppen_van_Gran_Paradiso_08.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="1000" data-height="196" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Bergtocht_van_Gimillan_%281805m.%29_naar_Colle_Tsa_S%C3%A8tse_in_Cogne_Valley_%28Itali%C3%AB%29._Zicht_op_de_omringende_alpentoppen_van_Gran_Paradiso_08.jpg/1500px-Bergtocht_van_Gimillan_%281805m.%29_naar_Colle_Tsa_S%C3%A8tse_in_Cogne_Valley_%28Itali%C3%AB%29._Zicht_op_de_omringende_alpentoppen_van_Gran_Paradiso_08.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Bergtocht_van_Gimillan_%281805m.%29_naar_Colle_Tsa_S%C3%A8tse_in_Cogne_Valley_%28Itali%C3%AB%29._Zicht_op_de_omringende_alpentoppen_van_Gran_Paradiso_08.jpg/2000px-Bergtocht_van_Gimillan_%281805m.%29_naar_Colle_Tsa_S%C3%A8tse_in_Cogne_Valley_%28Itali%C3%AB%29._Zicht_op_de_omringende_alpentoppen_van_Gran_Paradiso_08.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span> </div> <div class="thumbcaption" style="text-align:center;"> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Parque_nacional_Gran_Paradiso?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Parque nacional Gran Paradiso">Gran Paradiso</a>, estabelecido em 1922, é o mais antigo parque nacional italiano. </div> </div> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Demografia">Demografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=It%C3%A1lia&amp;action=edit&amp;section=13&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editar secção: Demografia" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>editar</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <div class="hatnote"> <span typeof="mw:File"><span> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/17px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="663" data-file-height="659"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 17px;height: 17px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/17px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="17" data-height="17" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/26px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/34px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></span></span>Ver artigo principal: <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Demografia_da_It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Demografia da Itália">Demografia da Itália</a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r68913260/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"> <div class="thumb tmulti tright"> <div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:224px;max-width:224px"> <div class="trow"> <div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"> <div class="thumbimage"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:Map_of_population_density_in_Italy_(2011_census)_alt_colours.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Map_of_population_density_in_Italy_%282011_census%29_alt_colours.jpg/220px-Map_of_population_density_in_Italy_%282011_census%29_alt_colours.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="254" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="2313"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 254px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Map_of_population_density_in_Italy_%282011_census%29_alt_colours.jpg/220px-Map_of_population_density_in_Italy_%282011_census%29_alt_colours.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="220" data-height="254" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Map_of_population_density_in_Italy_%282011_census%29_alt_colours.jpg/330px-Map_of_population_density_in_Italy_%282011_census%29_alt_colours.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Map_of_population_density_in_Italy_%282011_census%29_alt_colours.jpg/440px-Map_of_population_density_in_Italy_%282011_census%29_alt_colours.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Densidade_demogr%C3%A1fica?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Densidade demográfica">Densidade demográfica</a> na Itália </div> </div> </div> <div class="trow"> <div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"> <div class="thumbimage"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:ISS-47_Italy_night_view.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/ISS-47_Italy_night_view.jpg/220px-ISS-47_Italy_night_view.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3280"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 146px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/ISS-47_Italy_night_view.jpg/220px-ISS-47_Italy_night_view.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="220" data-height="146" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/ISS-47_Italy_night_view.jpg/330px-ISS-47_Italy_night_view.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/ISS-47_Italy_night_view.jpg/440px-ISS-47_Italy_night_view.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pen%C3%ADnsula_it%C3%A1lica?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Península itálica">Península itálica</a> vista da <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Esta%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Espacial_Internacional?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Estação Espacial Internacional">EEI</a> à noite </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <p>Em 2009, a população italiana passou de 60&nbsp;milhões,<sup id="cite_ref-popolazione_2002-2019_78-0" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-popolazione_2002-2019-78"><span>[</span>78<span>]</span></a></sup> a quarta maior da <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uni%C3%A3o_Europeia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="União Europeia">União Europeia</a>, e em 2017 era a 23.ª&nbsp;maior do mundo.<sup id="cite_ref-wbpop1_79-0" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-wbpop1-79"><span>[</span>79<span>]</span></a></sup> Em 2020, o país tinha 60&nbsp;317&nbsp;116 habitantes (<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Densidade_populacional?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Densidade populacional">densidade</a>: <span style="white-space:nowrap;">200,2&nbsp;hab./km²</span>),<sup id="cite_ref-istat.it_1-1" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-istat.it-1"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup> o quinto maior da União Europeia, sendo o <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Norte_da_It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Norte da Itália">norte</a> a parte mais densa.<sup id="cite_ref-EBdemog_80-0" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-EBdemog-80"><span>[</span>80<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Depois da <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Segunda_Guerra_Mundial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Segunda Guerra Mundial">Segunda Guerra Mundial</a>, a Itália passou por um grande crescimento econômico que levou a população rural a mover-se para as cidades, e ao mesmo tempo passou de uma nação caracterizada por massiva emigração a um país receptor de imigrantes. A alta <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Taxa_de_fertilidade?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Taxa de fertilidade">fertilidade</a> persistiu até à década de 1970, e depois passou para abaixo da taxa de reposição — em 2007, um em cada cinco italianos era <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aposentadoria?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aposentadoria">aposentado</a>. Apesar disso, graças principalmente à <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Imigra%C3%A7%C3%A3o?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Imigração">imigração</a> das décadas de 1980 e 1990, nos anos 2000 a Itália viu um acréscimo populacional natural pela primeira vez em anos.<sup id="cite_ref-popolazione_2002-2019_78-1" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-popolazione_2002-2019-78"><span>[</span>78<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Grupos_étnicos"><span id="Grupos_.C3.A9tnicos"></span>Grupos étnicos</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=It%C3%A1lia&amp;action=edit&amp;section=14&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editar secção: Grupos étnicos" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>editar</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="hatnote"> <span typeof="mw:File"><span> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/17px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="663" data-file-height="659"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 17px;height: 17px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/17px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="17" data-height="17" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/26px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/34px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></span></span>Ver artigo principal: <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Italianos?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Italianos">Italianos</a> </div> <p>Cerca de 92% da população italiana tem origem na península Itálica.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-81"><span>[</span>81<span>]</span></a></sup> Os italianos são descendentes de uma grande quantidade de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lista_de_povos_it%C3%A1licos?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lista de povos itálicos">povos que se estabeleceram na península</a> ao longo da história. Os italianos são uma mistura de povos que já viviam na região, incluindo os povos <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Latinos?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Latinos">latinos</a> (a oeste), os <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sabinos?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sabinos">sabinos</a> (no vale superior do <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tibre?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Tibre">Tibre</a>), os <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%9Ambria?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Úmbria">úmbrios</a> (no centro), os <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Samnitas?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Samnitas">samnitas</a> (no sul), <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oscos?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oscos">oscos</a>, entre outros, como os <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Etruscos?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Etruscos">etruscos</a> que se estabeleceram no centro do país, os <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gr%C3%A9cia_Antiga?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Grécia Antiga">gregos</a> no sul e os <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Celtas?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Celtas">celtas</a> no norte.<sup id="cite_ref-EBdemog_80-1" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-EBdemog-80"><span>[</span>80<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Posteriormente, estabeleceram-se no norte <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Germanos?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Germanos">povos germânicos</a> (<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ostrogodos?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ostrogodos">ostrogodos</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Visigodos?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Visigodos">visigodos</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lombardos?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lombardos">lombardos</a>) e, no sul, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sarracenos?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sarracenos">sarracenos</a> (de origem <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%81rabes?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Árabes">árabe</a> e norte-africana) e os <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Normandos?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Normandos">normandos</a> (de origem <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Escandin%C3%A1via?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Escandinávia">escandinava</a>). Esses últimos deixaram uma menor influência na população italiana.<sup id="cite_ref-EBdemog_80-2" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-EBdemog-80"><span>[</span>80<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Emigração_e_imigração"><span id="Emigra.C3.A7.C3.A3o_e_imigra.C3.A7.C3.A3o"></span>Emigração e imigração</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=It%C3%A1lia&amp;action=edit&amp;section=15&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editar secção: Emigração e imigração" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>editar</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="hatnote"> <span typeof="mw:File"><span> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/17px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="663" data-file-height="659"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 17px;height: 17px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/17px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="17" data-height="17" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/26px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/34px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></span></span>Ver artigo principal: <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Emigra%C3%A7%C3%A3o_italiana?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Emigração italiana">Emigração italiana</a> </div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Ver também: <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Imigra%C3%A7%C3%A3o_italiana_no_Brasil?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Imigração italiana no Brasil">Imigração italiana no Brasil</a> </div> <p>Do final do <span style="white-space:nowrap;">século XIX</span> até a década de 1960, a Itália era um país de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Emigra%C3%A7%C3%A3o?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Emigração">emigração</a> em massa. Entre 1898 e 1914, os anos de pico da <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Di%C3%A1spora_italiana?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Diáspora italiana">diáspora italiana</a>, aproximadamente 750&nbsp;000 italianos emigravam do país a cada ano.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-82"><span>[</span>82<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:Italians_Sao_Paulo_-_original.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Italians_Sao_Paulo_-_original.jpg/290px-Italians_Sao_Paulo_-_original.jpg" decoding="async" width="290" height="206" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2009" data-file-height="1428"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 290px;height: 206px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Italians_Sao_Paulo_-_original.jpg/290px-Italians_Sao_Paulo_-_original.jpg" data-width="290" data-height="206" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Italians_Sao_Paulo_-_original.jpg/435px-Italians_Sao_Paulo_-_original.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Italians_Sao_Paulo_-_original.jpg/580px-Italians_Sao_Paulo_-_original.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Imigra%C3%A7%C3%A3o_italiana_no_Brasil?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Imigração italiana no Brasil">Imigrantes italianos</a> na <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hospedaria_dos_Imigrantes?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Hospedaria dos Imigrantes">Hospedaria dos Imigrantes</a> de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="São Paulo">São Paulo</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brasil?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brasil">Brasil</a> (1890) </figcaption> </figure> <p>A diáspora atingiu mais de 25 milhões de italianos e é considerada a maior migração em massa da época contemporânea.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-83"><span>[</span>83<span>]</span></a></sup> Como resultado, atualmente mais de 4,1 milhões de cidadãos italianos estão vivendo no exterior,<sup id="cite_ref-aire_84-0" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-aire-84"><span>[</span>84<span>]</span></a></sup> enquanto pelo menos 60 milhões de pessoas com ascendência italiana total ou parcial vivem fora da Itália, principalmente na <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Argentina?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Argentina">Argentina</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-85"><span>[</span>85<span>]</span></a></sup> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Imigra%C3%A7%C3%A3o_italiana_no_Brasil?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Imigração italiana no Brasil">Brasil</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-86"><span>[</span>86<span>]</span></a></sup> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uruguai?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Uruguai">Uruguai</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-87"><span>[</span>87<span>]</span></a></sup> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Venezuela?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-88"><span>[</span>88<span>]</span></a></sup> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Estados_Unidos?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Estados Unidos">Estados Unidos</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-89"><span>[</span>89<span>]</span></a></sup> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Canad%C3%A1?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Canadá">Canadá</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-90"><span>[</span>90<span>]</span></a></sup> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Austr%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Austrália">Austrália</a><sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-91"><span>[</span>91<span>]</span></a></sup> e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="França">França</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-92"><span>[</span>92<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Em 2016, a Itália tinha cerca de 5,05&nbsp;milhões de residentes estrangeiros,<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-93"><span>[</span>93<span>]</span></a></sup> representando 8,3% da população total. Os números incluem mais de meio milhão de crianças nascidas na Itália de pais estrangeiros — imigrantes de segunda geração, mas excluem os estrangeiros que posteriormente adquiriram a <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nacionalidade_italiana?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nacionalidade italiana">cidadania italiana</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-94"><span>[</span>94<span>]</span></a></sup> Em 2016, cerca de 201&nbsp;000 pessoas adquiriram a cidadania italiana<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-95"><span>[</span>95<span>]</span></a></sup> e 130&nbsp;000 em 2014).<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-96"><span>[</span>96<span>]</span></a></sup> Os números oficiais também excluem imigrantes ilegais, que, em 2008, foram estimados em pelo menos 670&nbsp;000 pessoas.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-97"><span>[</span>97<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>A partir do início da década de 1980, até então uma sociedade linguisticamente e culturalmente homogênea, a Itália começou a atrair fluxos substanciais de imigrantes estrangeiros.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-98"><span>[</span>98<span>]</span></a></sup> Depois da <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Queda_do_Muro_de_Berlim?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Queda do Muro de Berlim">queda do Muro de Berlim</a> e, mais recentemente, dos <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alargamento_da_Uni%C3%A3o_Europeia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alargamento da União Europeia">alargamentos de 2004 e 2007</a> da <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uni%C3%A3o_Europeia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="União Europeia">União Europeia</a>, grandes ondas de migração se originaram dos antigos <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pa%C3%ADses_socialistas?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Países socialistas">países socialistas</a> da <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Europa_Oriental?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Europa Oriental">Europa Oriental</a> (especialmente <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rom%C3%AAnia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Romênia">Romênia</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alb%C3%A2nia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Albânia">Albânia</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ucr%C3%A2nia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ucrânia">Ucrânia</a> e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pol%C3%B4nia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Polônia">Polônia</a>), mas também de países da <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%81sia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ásia">Ásia</a>, como a <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/China?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="China">China</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-99"><span>[</span>99<span>]</span></a></sup> Atualmente, cerca de um milhão de cidadãos <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Romenos?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Romenos">romenos</a> (cerca de 10% dos quais pertencentes à etnia <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ciganos?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ciganos">cigana</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-100"><span>[</span>100<span>]</span></a></sup> estão oficialmente registados como residentes em Itália, representando assim o mais importante país de origem, seguido por <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Albaneses?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Albaneses">albaneses</a> e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Marroquinos?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Marroquinos">marroquinos</a> com cerca de 500&nbsp;000 pessoas cada. O número de romenos não registrados é difícil de estimar, mas a Rede de Relatórios Investigativos dos Bálcãs sugeriu em 2007 que talvez houvesse meio milhão de pessoas ou mais.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-101"><span>[</span>101<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Idioma">Idioma</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=It%C3%A1lia&amp;action=edit&amp;section=16&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editar secção: Idioma" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>editar</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:Linguistic_map_of_the_Italian_language.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Linguistic_map_of_the_Italian_language.svg/330px-Linguistic_map_of_the_Italian_language.svg.png" decoding="async" width="330" height="170" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="263"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 330px;height: 170px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Linguistic_map_of_the_Italian_language.svg/330px-Linguistic_map_of_the_Italian_language.svg.png" data-width="330" data-height="170" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Linguistic_map_of_the_Italian_language.svg/495px-Linguistic_map_of_the_Italian_language.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Linguistic_map_of_the_Italian_language.svg/660px-Linguistic_map_of_the_Italian_language.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> Distribuição da <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_italiana?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Língua italiana">língua italiana</a> no mundo: <div class="legend" style="-webkit-column-break-inside: avoid;page-break-inside: avoid;break-inside: avoid-column"> <span class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block; width:1.1em; height:1.1em; margin:1px 0; border:1px solid black; background: #0c5eb1; color:black; font-size:100%; text-align:center;">&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;língua nativa </div> <div class="legend" style="-webkit-column-break-inside: avoid;page-break-inside: avoid;break-inside: avoid-column"> <span class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block; width:1.1em; height:1.1em; margin:1px 0; border:1px solid black; background: #9fceff; color:black; font-size:100%; text-align:center;">&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;língua secundária </div> <div class="legend" style="-webkit-column-break-inside: avoid;page-break-inside: avoid;break-inside: avoid-column"> <span class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block; width:1.1em; height:1.1em; margin:1px 0; border:1px solid black; background: #00ff00; color:black; font-size:100%; text-align:center;">&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;minorias italófonas </div> </figcaption> </figure> <div class="hatnote"> <span typeof="mw:File"><span> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/17px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="663" data-file-height="659"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 17px;height: 17px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/17px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="17" data-height="17" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/26px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/34px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></span></span>Ver artigos principais: <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_italiana?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Língua italiana">Língua italiana</a> e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADnguas_da_It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Línguas da Itália">Línguas da Itália</a> </div> <p>O idioma oficial é o italiano, falado por quase toda a população. O italiano padrão é uma língua derivada do <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dialeto_toscano?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dialeto toscano">dialeto da Toscana</a>, sobretudo aquele falado na região de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Floren%C3%A7a?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Florença">Florença</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-EBdemog_80-3" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-EBdemog-80"><span>[</span>80<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Existem diversas línguas e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dialeto?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dialeto">dialetos</a> falados no dia a dia pela população italiana, como o <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_sarda?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Língua sarda">sardo</a> (na <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sardenha?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sardenha">Sardenha</a>), <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_napolitana?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Língua napolitana">napolitano</a> (em <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Camp%C3%A2nia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Campânia">Campânia</a>), <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Calabr%C3%AAs?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Calabrês">calabrês</a> em duas variações (na <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cal%C3%A1bria?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Calábria">Calábria</a>), <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_v%C3%AAneta?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Língua vêneta">vêneto</a> (no <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/V%C3%AAneto?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vêneto">Vêneto</a>), <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_friulana?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Língua friulana">friulano</a> (em <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Friuli-Venezia_Giulia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Friuli-Venezia Giulia">Friuli-Venezia Giulia</a>), <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_francesa?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Língua francesa">francês</a> (no <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vale_d%27Aosta?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Vale d'Aosta">Vale d'Aosta</a>), <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_alem%C3%A3?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Língua alemã">alemão</a> (na <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Prov%C3%ADncia_aut%C3%B3noma_de_Bolzano?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Província autónoma de Bolzano">Província autónoma de Bolzano</a>), <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_eslovena?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Língua eslovena">esloveno</a> (em <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Trieste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Trieste">Trieste</a>), entre outras.<sup id="cite_ref-EBdemog_80-4" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-EBdemog-80"><span>[</span>80<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>A Itália, ainda hoje, pode ser considerada um país de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bilinguismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Bilinguismo">bilíngues</a>. Em muitas regiões do país a <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Diglossia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Diglossia">diglossia</a> é predominante, pois o uso dos dialetos no cotidiano não foi eliminado, inclusive entre a população mais culta.<sup id="cite_ref-EBdemog_80-5" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-EBdemog-80"><span>[</span>80<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-102"><span>[</span>102<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Religião"><span id="Religi.C3.A3o"></span>Religião</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=It%C3%A1lia&amp;action=edit&amp;section=17&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editar secção: Religião" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>editar</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="hatnote"> <span typeof="mw:File"><span> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/17px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="663" data-file-height="659"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 17px;height: 17px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/17px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="17" data-height="17" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/26px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/34px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></span></span>Ver artigos principais: <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Religi%C3%A3o_na_It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Religião na Itália">Religião na Itália</a> e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Igreja_Cat%C3%B3lica_na_It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Igreja Católica na Itália">Igreja Católica na Itália</a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:Vatican_City_and_St._Peter_Square_evening_twilight_aerial_view.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Vatican_City_and_St._Peter_Square_evening_twilight_aerial_view.jpg/220px-Vatican_City_and_St._Peter_Square_evening_twilight_aerial_view.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2048"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Vatican_City_and_St._Peter_Square_evening_twilight_aerial_view.jpg/220px-Vatican_City_and_St._Peter_Square_evening_twilight_aerial_view.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Vatican_City_and_St._Peter_Square_evening_twilight_aerial_view.jpg/330px-Vatican_City_and_St._Peter_Square_evening_twilight_aerial_view.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Vatican_City_and_St._Peter_Square_evening_twilight_aerial_view.jpg/440px-Vatican_City_and_St._Peter_Square_evening_twilight_aerial_view.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bas%C3%ADlica_de_S%C3%A3o_Pedro?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Basílica de São Pedro">Basílica de São Pedro</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vaticano?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vaticano">Vaticano</a>. 87,8% da população italiana segue o <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicismo_Romano?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Catolicismo Romano">Catolicismo Romano</a> </figcaption> </figure> <p>O <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicismo_Romano?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Catolicismo Romano">Catolicismo Romano</a> é a maior religião do país e embora a <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Igreja_Cat%C3%B3lica?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Igreja Católica">Igreja Católica</a> não seja mais a <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Religi%C3%A3o_oficial_do_estado?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Religião oficial do estado">religião oficial do estado</a>, 87,8% dos italianos identificam-se como católicos romanos.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-103"><span>[</span>103<span>]</span></a></sup> Contudo apenas um terço descrevem-se como membros ativos (36,8%). A sede mundial da Igreja Católica situa-se no <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vaticano?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vaticano">Vaticano</a> desde o <span style="white-space:nowrap;">século III</span>, quando o bispo de Roma passou a ser considerado bispo supremo e recebeu o título "<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Papa?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Papa">papa</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-104"><span>[</span>104<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Historicamente, a Igreja exerceu grande influência na vida política e social dos italianos. Embora continue influente, nos últimos anos, com o aumento da <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Seculariza%C3%A7%C3%A3o?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Secularização">secularização</a>, a religião vem perdendo força na Itália, como em outros países desenvolvidos. Em pesquisa de 2012, 73% dos italianos se disseram religiosos, 15% não religiosos, 8% <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ate%C3%ADsmo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ateísmo">ateus</a> convictos e 4% não responderam.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-105"><span>[</span>105<span>]</span></a></sup> Apenas 25% dos católicos italianos dizem que a religião "é muito importante" e 31% dizem que rezam todos os dias, embora 95% da população em 2010 fosse batizada na igreja.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-106"><span>[</span>106<span>]</span></a></sup> Uma pesquisa feita em 2012 mostrou que, apesar de 30,1% da população italiana afirmar que comparecia à missa todos os domingos, o comparecimento real foi de 18,5%.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-107"><span>[</span>107<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="barbox tright" style="border:1px solid silver; min-width:287px;font-size:88%; padding:0.4em; width:287px; background: white;"> <table style="border-collapse:collapse; width:100%;"> <tbody> <tr style="background:#ddd}"> <th colspan="5"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Religi%C3%A3o_na_It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Religião na Itália">Religião na Itália</a></th> </tr> <tr style="font-size:88%; height:4px;"> <td style="padding:0 4px;">Religião</td> <td style="padding:0 4px; text-align:right;"></td> <td style="width:100px;"></td> <td style="padding:0 4px; width:5em; text-align:right;">Percentagem</td> <td style="padding:0 4px; text-align:right;"></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left:0.4em;padding-right:0.4em;min-width:8em"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Catolicismo">Catolicismo</a></td> <td style="width:100px;border-left:solid 1px silver;border-right:solid 1px silver;"> <div style="background:green; width:87.8%; overflow:hidden"> &nbsp;  </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left:0.4em;padding-right:0.4em" align="right">87,8%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left:0.4em;padding-right:0.4em;min-width:8em"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sem_religi%C3%A3o?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Sem religião">Sem religião</a></td> <td style="width:100px;border-left:solid 1px silver;border-right:solid 1px silver;"> <div style="background:purple; width:5.8%; overflow:hidden"> &nbsp;  </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left:0.4em;padding-right:0.4em" align="right">5,8%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left:0.4em;padding-right:0.4em;min-width:8em">Outros <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cristianismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cristianismo">cristãos</a></td> <td style="width:100px;border-left:solid 1px silver;border-right:solid 1px silver;"> <div style="background:blue; width:3.8%; overflow:hidden"> &nbsp;  </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left:0.4em;padding-right:0.4em" align="right">3,8%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left:0.4em;padding-right:0.4em;min-width:8em"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Islamismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Islamismo">Islamismo</a></td> <td style="width:100px;border-left:solid 1px silver;border-right:solid 1px silver;"> <div style="background:red; width:1.9%; overflow:hidden"> &nbsp;  </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left:0.4em;padding-right:0.4em" align="right">1,9%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left:0.4em;padding-right:0.4em;min-width:8em">Outros</td> <td style="width:100px;border-left:solid 1px silver;border-right:solid 1px silver;"> <div style="background:orange; width:0.7%; overflow:hidden"> &nbsp;  </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left:0.4em;padding-right:0.4em" align="right">0,7%</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <p>Outros grupos <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cristianismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cristianismo">cristãos</a> na Itália incluem mais de 700 000 <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cristianismo_Ortodoxo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Cristianismo Ortodoxo">cristãos ortodoxos</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-108"><span>[</span>108<span>]</span></a></sup> incluindo 470 000 imigrantes,<sup id="cite_ref-caritas_109-0" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-caritas-109"><span>[</span>109<span>]</span></a></sup> e por volta de 180 000 <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Igreja_Ortodoxa_Grega?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Igreja Ortodoxa Grega">gregos ortodoxos</a>, 550 000 <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Igreja_Pentecostal?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Igreja Pentecostal">pentecostais</a> e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Evangelicalismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Evangelicalismo">evangélicos</a> (0,8%) (dos quais 400 000 são membros da <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Assembleias_de_Deus_na_It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Assembleias de Deus na Itália">Assembleia de Deus da Itália</a>), 245 657 <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Testemunhas_de_Jeov%C3%A1?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Testemunhas de Jeová">Testemunhas de Jeová</a> (0,4%),<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-110"><span>[</span>110<span>]</span></a></sup> e 104 000 de outras religiões.<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-111"><span>[</span>111<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>A minoria religiosa mais antiga do país é a comunidade <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Juda%C3%ADsmo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Judaísmo">judaica</a>, que compreende por volta de 28&nbsp;400 pessoas,<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-112"><span>[</span>112<span>]</span></a></sup> mas não é mais o maior grupo não cristão da Itália. Como resultado da significante imigração de outras partes do mundo, 825&nbsp;000 <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mu%C3%A7ulmanos?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Muçulmanos">muçulmanos</a> (1,4% da população total) moram no país,<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-113"><span>[</span>113<span>]</span></a></sup> mas apenas 50&nbsp;000 são <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nacionalidade_italiana?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nacionalidade italiana">cidadãos italianos</a>. Há também 110&nbsp;000 <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Budismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Budismo">budistas</a> (0,2%),<sup id="cite_ref-caritas_109-1" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-caritas-109"><span>[</span>109<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-114"><span>[</span>114<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-115"><span>[</span>115<span>]</span></a></sup> 70&nbsp;000 <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siquismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Siquismo">siques</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-116"><span>[</span>116<span>]</span></a></sup> e 70&nbsp;000 <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hindu%C3%ADsmo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hinduísmo">hindus</a> (0,1%).<sup id="cite_ref-EBdemog_80-6" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-EBdemog-80"><span>[</span>80<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Cidades_mais_populosas">Cidades mais populosas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=It%C3%A1lia&amp;action=edit&amp;section=18&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editar secção: Cidades mais populosas" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>editar</span> </a> </span> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Política_e_justiça"><span id="Pol.C3.ADtica_e_justi.C3.A7a"></span>Política e justiça</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=It%C3%A1lia&amp;action=edit&amp;section=19&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editar secção: Política e justiça" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>editar</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r68913260/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"> <div class="thumb tmulti tright"> <div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:224px;max-width:224px"> <div class="trow"> <div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"> <div class="thumbimage"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:Palazzo_Chigi_-_esterno.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Palazzo_Chigi_-_esterno.jpg/220px-Palazzo_Chigi_-_esterno.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="7309" data-file-height="4950"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 149px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Palazzo_Chigi_-_esterno.jpg/220px-Palazzo_Chigi_-_esterno.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="220" data-height="149" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Palazzo_Chigi_-_esterno.jpg/330px-Palazzo_Chigi_-_esterno.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Palazzo_Chigi_-_esterno.jpg/440px-Palazzo_Chigi_-_esterno.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Palazzo_Chigi?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Palazzo Chigi">Palazzo Chigi</a>, residência oficial do <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primeiro-Ministro_da_It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Primeiro-Ministro da Itália">primeiro-ministro</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="trow"> <div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"> <div class="thumbimage"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:Giuramento_Mattarella_Montecitorio.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Giuramento_Mattarella_Montecitorio.jpg/220px-Giuramento_Mattarella_Montecitorio.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="658"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 146px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Giuramento_Mattarella_Montecitorio.jpg/220px-Giuramento_Mattarella_Montecitorio.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="220" data-height="146" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Giuramento_Mattarella_Montecitorio.jpg/330px-Giuramento_Mattarella_Montecitorio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Giuramento_Mattarella_Montecitorio.jpg/440px-Giuramento_Mattarella_Montecitorio.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Parlamento_da_It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Parlamento da Itália">Câmara dos Deputados da Itália</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <p>A <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Constitui%C3%A7%C3%A3o_da_Rep%C3%BAblica_Italiana?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Constituição da República Italiana">constituição italiana de 1948</a> estabeleceu um <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Parlamento?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Parlamento">parlamento</a> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bicameralismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bicameralismo">bicameral</a>, que é formado por uma câmara de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Deputado?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Deputado">deputados</a> (<i><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/C%C3%A2mara_dos_Deputados_(It%C3%A1lia)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Câmara dos Deputados (Itália)">Camera dei Deputati</a></i>) e de um <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Senado?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Senado">senado</a> (<i><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Senado_da_Rep%C3%BAblica_(It%C3%A1lia)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Senado da República (Itália)">Senato della Repubblica</a></i>) além de um <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Poder_Judici%C3%A1rio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Poder Judiciário">sistema judiciário</a>; e um <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Poder_Executivo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Poder Executivo">sistema executivo</a> composto de um conselho de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ministro?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ministro">ministros</a> (<i>Consiglio dei Ministri</i>), encabeçado pelo primeiro-ministro (<i><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Presidente_do_Conselho_de_Ministros_da_It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Presidente do Conselho de Ministros da Itália">Presidente del consiglio dei ministri</a></i>).<sup id="cite_ref-Constituição_117-0" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Constitui%C3%A7%C3%A3o-117"><span>[</span>117<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Política_118-0" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Pol%C3%ADtica-118"><span>[</span>118<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>O <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Presidente_da_Rep%C3%BAblica_Italiana?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Presidente da República Italiana">presidente da república</a> (<i>Presidente della Repubblica</i>) tem um mandato de sete anos. O presidente escolhe o primeiro-ministro, e este propõe os outros ministros, que são aprovados pelo presidente. O conselho de ministros precisa ter apoio (<i>fiducia</i> - confiança) de ambas as casas do parlamento.<sup id="cite_ref-Constituição_117-1" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Constitui%C3%A7%C3%A3o-117"><span>[</span>117<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Política_118-1" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Pol%C3%ADtica-118"><span>[</span>118<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Os deputados que são eleitos para o parlamento são eleitos diretamente pela população. De acordo com a legislação italiana de 1993, a Itália tem membros únicos de cada distrito do país, para 75% dos postos no parlamento. Os outros 25% dos postos parlamentares são distribuídos regularmente. A câmara de deputados possui oficialmente 630 membros (mas de fato, são apenas 619 depois das eleições italianas de 2001).<sup id="cite_ref-Constituição_117-2" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Constitui%C3%A7%C3%A3o-117"><span>[</span>117<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Política_118-2" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Pol%C3%ADtica-118"><span>[</span>118<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>O senado é composto por 315 senadores, eleitos pelo voto popular, bem como ex-presidentes e outras pessoas (não mais que cinco), indicadas pelo presidente da república, de acordo com provisões constitucionais especiais. Ambos, a câmara de deputados e o senado, são eleitos para um mandato de no máximo cinco anos de duração, mas eles podem ser dissolvidos antes do término do mandato. Leis podem ser criadas na câmara de deputados ou no Senado, e para serem aprovadas, precisam da maioria em ambas as câmaras.<sup id="cite_ref-Constituição_117-3" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Constitui%C3%A7%C3%A3o-117"><span>[</span>117<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Política_118-3" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Pol%C3%ADtica-118"><span>[</span>118<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>O sistema judiciário italiano é baseado nas leis romanas, modificadas pelo <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/C%C3%B3digo_Napole%C3%B4nico?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Código Napoleônico">Código Napoleônico</a> e outros estatutos adicionados posteriormente. Há também um <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tribunal_constitucional?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tribunal constitucional">tribunal constitucional</a> (<i><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tribunal_Constitucional_da_Rep%C3%BAblica_Italiana?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tribunal Constitucional da República Italiana">Corte Costituzionale</a></i>), uma inovação posterior à Segunda Guerra Mundial.<sup id="cite_ref-Constituição_117-4" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Constitui%C3%A7%C3%A3o-117"><span>[</span>117<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Forças_armadas"><span id="For.C3.A7as_armadas"></span>Forças armadas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=It%C3%A1lia&amp;action=edit&amp;section=20&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editar secção: Forças armadas" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>editar</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="hatnote"> <span typeof="mw:File"><span> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/17px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="663" data-file-height="659"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 17px;height: 17px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/17px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="17" data-height="17" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/26px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/34px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></span></span>Ver artigo principal: <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/For%C3%A7as_Armadas_da_It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Forças Armadas da Itália">Forças Armadas da Itália</a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r68913260/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"> <div class="thumb tmulti tleft"> <div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:224px;max-width:224px"> <div class="trow"> <div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"> <div class="thumbimage"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:F-35A_Lightning_II_completes_first_trans-Atlantic_Ocean_crossing_(15_of_16).jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/F-35A_Lightning_II_completes_first_trans-Atlantic_Ocean_crossing_%2815_of_16%29.jpg/220px-F-35A_Lightning_II_completes_first_trans-Atlantic_Ocean_crossing_%2815_of_16%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="173" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2357"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 173px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/F-35A_Lightning_II_completes_first_trans-Atlantic_Ocean_crossing_%2815_of_16%29.jpg/220px-F-35A_Lightning_II_completes_first_trans-Atlantic_Ocean_crossing_%2815_of_16%29.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="220" data-height="173" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/F-35A_Lightning_II_completes_first_trans-Atlantic_Ocean_crossing_%2815_of_16%29.jpg/330px-F-35A_Lightning_II_completes_first_trans-Atlantic_Ocean_crossing_%2815_of_16%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/F-35A_Lightning_II_completes_first_trans-Atlantic_Ocean_crossing_%2815_of_16%29.jpg/440px-F-35A_Lightning_II_completes_first_trans-Atlantic_Ocean_crossing_%2815_of_16%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> Caça <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/F-35?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="F-35">F-35</a> operado pela <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/For%C3%A7a_A%C3%A9rea_Italiana?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Força Aérea Italiana">Força Aérea Italiana</a>. </div> </div> </div> <div class="trow"> <div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"> <div class="thumbimage"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:Cavour_(550).jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Cavour_%28550%29.jpg/220px-Cavour_%28550%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2176"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Cavour_%28550%29.jpg/220px-Cavour_%28550%29.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Cavour_%28550%29.jpg/330px-Cavour_%28550%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Cavour_%28550%29.jpg/440px-Cavour_%28550%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Porta-avi%C3%B5es?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Porta-aviões">Porta-aviões</a> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cavour_(550)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cavour (550)">Cavour (550)</a> da <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Marinha_da_It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Marinha da Itália">Marinha da Itália</a>. </div> </div> </div> <div class="trow"> <div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"> <div class="thumbimage"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:4th_Alpini_Rgt_Rappeling_from_an_AB205.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/4th_Alpini_Rgt_Rappeling_from_an_AB205.jpg/220px-4th_Alpini_Rgt_Rappeling_from_an_AB205.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="681"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 146px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/4th_Alpini_Rgt_Rappeling_from_an_AB205.jpg/220px-4th_Alpini_Rgt_Rappeling_from_an_AB205.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="220" data-height="146" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/4th_Alpini_Rgt_Rappeling_from_an_AB205.jpg/330px-4th_Alpini_Rgt_Rappeling_from_an_AB205.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/4th_Alpini_Rgt_Rappeling_from_an_AB205.jpg/440px-4th_Alpini_Rgt_Rappeling_from_an_AB205.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> Soldados do <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ex%C3%A9rcito_Italiano?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Exército Italiano">Exército Italiano</a>. </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <p>O <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ex%C3%A9rcito_da_It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Exército da Itália">exército</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Marinha_Italiana?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Marinha Italiana">marinha</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/For%C3%A7a_A%C3%A9rea_Italiana?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Força Aérea Italiana">força aérea</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arma_dos_Carabineiros?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arma dos Carabineiros">Arma dos Carabineiros</a> (<i>Carabinieri</i>) e a <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Guarda_de_Finan%C3%A7as?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Guarda de Finanças">Guarda de Finanças</a> coletivamente formam as forças armadas italianas, sob o comando do Conselho Supremo de Defesa, presidido pelo Presidente da República Italiana. Desde 1999, o serviço militar é voluntário.<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-119"><span>[</span>119<span>]</span></a></sup> Em 2010, o exército italiano tinha 293 202 soldados ativos,<sup id="cite_ref-IISS_120-0" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-IISS-120"><span>[</span>120<span>]</span></a></sup> dos quais 114 778 na guarda nacional.<sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-121"><span>[</span>121<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Os gastos militares italianos totais em 2010 foram os décimos maiores do mundo, situando-se em <span style="cursor: help; border-bottom: 1px dotted;" title="35,8E9 (35&nbsp;800&nbsp;000&nbsp;000)"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">35,8 <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1_000_000_000?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1 000 000 000">bilhões</a></span></span>&nbsp;<sup><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Escalas_curta_e_longa?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Escalas curta e longa">*</a></sup> de dólares, equivalente a 1,7% do PIB nacional. A Itália faz parte da <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Organiza%C3%A7%C3%A3o_do_Tratado_do_Atl%C3%A2ntico_Norte?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Organização do Tratado do Atlântico Norte">Organização do Tratado do Atlântico Norte</a> (OTAN), uma aliança militar entre países da <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Am%C3%A9rica_do_Norte?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="América do Norte">América do Norte</a> e da <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Europa?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Europa">Europa</a>; fazendo parte do <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Quinteto_da_OTAN?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Quinteto da OTAN">Quinteto da OTAN</a>, um diretório informal das <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Grande_pot%C3%AAncia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Grande potência">grandes potências</a> que compõem a organização.<sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-122"><span>[</span>122<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-123"><span>[</span>123<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Como parte da partilha estratégia de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Armas_nucleares?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Armas nucleares">armas nucleares</a> da OTAN, a Itália também abriga 90&nbsp;bombas nucleares <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/B61?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="B61">B61</a> dos <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Estados_Unidos?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Estados Unidos">Estados Unidos</a>, localizadas nas bases aéreas de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ghedi?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ghedi">Ghedi</a> e Aviano, e destinadas a serem usadas pelos <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ca%C3%A7a-bombardeiro?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Caça-bombardeiro">caças-bombardeiros</a> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Panavia_Tornado?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Panavia Tornado">Panavia Tornado</a> e futuramente <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_F-35?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Lockheed Martin F-35">F-35 Lightning&nbsp;II</a> da força aérea.<sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-124"><span>[</span>124<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-125"><span>[</span>125<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>O Exército Italiano é a força de defesa terrestre nacional. Dentre os seus veículos de combate estão o <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ve%C3%ADculo_de_combate_de_infantaria?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Veículo de combate de infantaria">veículo de combate de infantaria</a> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dardo_(VCI)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dardo (VCI)">Dardo</a>, o <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Centauro_B1?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Centauro B1">Centauro B1</a> na função de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Destruidor_de_tanques?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Destruidor de tanques">destruidor de tanques</a> e o <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Carro_de_combate?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Carro de combate">tanque</a> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ariete_(carro_de_combate)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ariete (carro de combate)">Ariete</a>. Dentre as suas aeronaves estão o <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Helic%C3%B3ptero_de_ataque?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Helicóptero de ataque">helicóptero de ataque</a> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Agusta_A129_Mangusta?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Agusta A129 Mangusta">Agusta A129 Mangusta</a> que foi empregado em missões da União Europeia, OTAN e da ONU.<sup id="cite_ref-WAF16_126-0" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-WAF16-126"><span>[</span>126<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>A <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Marinha_Italiana?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Marinha Italiana">Marinha Italiana</a> possui em 2018 cerca de 118 embarcações à sua disposição,<sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-127"><span>[</span>127<span>]</span></a></sup> a sua <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Frota_da_Marinha_Italiana?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Frota da Marinha Italiana">frota</a> possui dois <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Porta-avi%C3%B5es?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Porta-aviões">porta-aviões</a>, três pequenas docas de transporte anfíbio de 8&nbsp;000 toneladas, quatro <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Contratorpedeiro?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Contratorpedeiro">contra-torpedeiros</a> de defesa aérea, quatro <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fragata?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fragata">fragatas</a> de propósito geral, 10&nbsp;fragatas anti-submarinas e oito <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Submarino?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Submarino">submarinos</a> de ataque. Unidades de guerra litorânea e patrulha incluem uma fragata leve de patrulha, 10 navios de patrulha e duas <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Corveta?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Corveta">corvetas</a>. No suporte da frota estão dez navios de contra medidas a minas, quatro barcos de patrulha costeira e vários navios auxiliares. A marinha passou por um extenso processo de renovação, com o resto da sua frota remanescente da <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Guerra_Fria?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Guerra Fria">Guerra Fria</a> de 50&nbsp;navios sendo substituída por 30 navios maiores e em geral, polivalentes.<sup id="cite_ref-SDDDP_a3yIQC_page_139_128-0" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-SDDDP_a3yIQC_page_139-128"><span>[</span>128<span>]</span></a></sup> Também é considerada como uma <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Marinha_de_alto_mar?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Marinha de alto mar">marinha de alto mar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-SDDDP_a3yIQC_page_139_128-1" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-SDDDP_a3yIQC_page_139-128"><span>[</span>128<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>A <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/For%C3%A7a_A%C3%A9rea_Italiana?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Força Aérea Italiana">Força Aérea Italiana</a> é uma das maiores forças aéreas da OTAN. Em 2016 tinha a sua disposição 85 caças <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurofighter_Typhoon?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eurofighter Typhoon">Eurofighter Typhoon</a>, 9&nbsp;F-35 e 56 <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Panavia_Tornado?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Panavia Tornado">Panavia Tornado</a>, além de 53 <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/AMX_A-1?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="AMX A-1">AMXs</a> na função de ataque ao solo, configurando 202 aeronaves de combate a jato, de um número total de 716 aeronaves.<sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-129"><span>[</span>129<span>]</span></a></sup> A função de transporte aéreo é realizada pelos <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lockheed_C-130_Hercules?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lockheed C-130 Hercules">C-130 Hercules</a> e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alenia_C-27J_Spartan?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alenia C-27J Spartan">Alenia C-27J Spartan</a>, o último de fabricação italiana.<sup id="cite_ref-2012_Aerospace_130-0" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-2012_Aerospace-130"><span>[</span>130<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Um corpo autônomo das forças militares, os carabineiros, são a <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gendarmaria?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gendarmaria">gendarmaria</a> e a <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pol%C3%ADcia_militar?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Polícia militar">polícia militar</a> da Itália, policiando a população civil e militar junto dos <span title="artigo inexistente: “Polícia (Itália)”">outros serviços de polícia</span>. Enquanto diferentes ramos dos carabineiros reportam para ministros diferentes para cada uma das suas funções individuais, para as funções de manutenção da segurança e ordem pública, os corpos reportam para o Ministros do Interior.<sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-131"><span>[</span>131<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Crime_e_aplicação_da_lei"><span id="Crime_e_aplica.C3.A7.C3.A3o_da_lei"></span>Crime e aplicação da lei</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=It%C3%A1lia&amp;action=edit&amp;section=21&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editar secção: Crime e aplicação da lei" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>editar</span> </a> </span> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r68913260/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"> <div class="thumb tmulti tright"> <div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:224px;max-width:224px"> <div class="trow"> <div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"> <div class="thumbimage"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:Alfa-Romeo159-Carabinieri-di-Roma.JPG?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Alfa-Romeo159-Carabinieri-di-Roma.JPG/220px-Alfa-Romeo159-Carabinieri-di-Roma.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Alfa-Romeo159-Carabinieri-di-Roma.JPG/220px-Alfa-Romeo159-Carabinieri-di-Roma.JPG" data-alt="" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Alfa-Romeo159-Carabinieri-di-Roma.JPG/330px-Alfa-Romeo159-Carabinieri-di-Roma.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Alfa-Romeo159-Carabinieri-di-Roma.JPG/440px-Alfa-Romeo159-Carabinieri-di-Roma.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> Um <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alfa_Romeo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alfa Romeo">Alfa Romeo</a> dos <i><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Carabinieri?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Carabinieri">Carabinieri</a></i> </div> </div> </div> <div class="trow"> <div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"> <div class="thumbimage"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:Courthouse_facade,_Rome,_Italy.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Courthouse_facade%2C_Rome%2C_Italy.jpg/220px-Courthouse_facade%2C_Rome%2C_Italy.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="115" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4350" data-file-height="2276"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 115px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Courthouse_facade%2C_Rome%2C_Italy.jpg/220px-Courthouse_facade%2C_Rome%2C_Italy.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="220" data-height="115" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Courthouse_facade%2C_Rome%2C_Italy.jpg/330px-Courthouse_facade%2C_Rome%2C_Italy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Courthouse_facade%2C_Rome%2C_Italy.jpg/440px-Courthouse_facade%2C_Rome%2C_Italy.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> A <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Suprema_Corte_de_Cassa%C3%A7%C3%A3o_(It%C3%A1lia)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Suprema Corte de Cassação (Itália) (página não existe)">Suprema Corte de Cassação</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <p>A aplicação da lei na Itália é providenciada por múltiplas forças policiais, cinco das quais são agências nacionais italianas. A <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pol%C3%ADcia_do_Estado_(It%C3%A1lia)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Polícia do Estado (Itália)">Polícia do Estado</a> (<i>Polizia di Stato</i>) é a polícia civil nacional da Itália. Junto com os deveres de patrulha, investigação e aplicação da lei, ela patrulha as <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Autoestrada?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Autoestrada">autoestradas</a> da Itália e vigia a segurança das <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ferrovia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ferrovia">ferrovias</a>, pontes e cursos de água. Os <i>carabinieri</i>, nome comum para a Arma dos Carabineiros que também fazem parte das Forças Armadas da Itália, também têm deveres de polícia, atuando como a polícia militar da Itália. Outro ramo das forças armadas, a Guarda de Finanças também atua com funções policiais. A Polícia Penitenciária (<i>Polizia Penitenciaria</i>) opera no sistema prisional italiano e manejam o transporte dos presos.<sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-132"><span>[</span>132<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>O sistema judiciário italiano é baseado no <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Direito_Romano?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Direito Romano">direito Romano</a>, modificada pelo <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/C%C3%B3digo_napole%C3%B4nico?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Código napoleônico">código napoleônico</a> e estatutos posteriores. A Suprema Corte de Cassação é a mais alta corte da Itália para recurso tanto em casos civis quanto criminais. A Corte Constitucional da República Italiana (<i>Corte Costituzionale</i>) julga em conformidade com as leis da constituição. Desde a sua aparição no meio do <span style="white-space:nowrap;">século XIX</span>, o <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/M%C3%A1fia_italiana?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Máfia italiana">crime organizado italiano</a> tem se infiltrado na vida social e econômica de muitas regiões no <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sul_da_It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Sul da Itália">Sul da Itália</a>. A mais notória organização é a <i><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cosa_nostra?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cosa nostra">Cosa nostra</a></i>, conhecida como Máfia siciliana, que também se expandiu para outras paragens em diferentes países, incluindo os Estados Unidos. Segundo estimativas dos anos 2007 a 2010, as receitas da máfia eram equivalentes a 6% a 9% do <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Produto_interno_bruto?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Produto interno bruto">PIB</a> do PIB da Itália.<sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-133"><span>[</span>133<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-134"><span>[</span>134<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-135"><span>[</span>135<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Um relatório de 2009, identificou 610 <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Comuna?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Comuna">comunas</a> com forte presença da máfia, onde 13 milhões de italianos vivem e 14,6% do PIB italiano é produzido.<sup id="cite_ref-136" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-136"><span>[</span>136<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-137"><span>[</span>137<span>]</span></a></sup> A <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%27Ndrangheta?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="'Ndrangheta">'Ndrangheta</a>, na <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cal%C3%A1bria?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Calábria">Calábria</a>, é provavelmente a organização criminosa mais poderosa atualmente na Itália, possuindo poder sobre 3% do PIB do país.<sup id="cite_ref-138" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-138"><span>[</span>138<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>No entanto, com 0,013 homicídios por 1&nbsp;000 habitantes, a Itália tem somente o 47.ª&nbsp;maior taxa de homicídios (em um grupo de 62 países) e a 43.ª&nbsp;maior taxa de estupros por 1&nbsp;000 habitantes (em um grupo de 65 países), índices relativamente baixos entre países desenvolvidos.<sup id="cite_ref-NationMaster.com_139-0" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-NationMaster.com-139"><span>[</span>139<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Relações_exteriores"><span id="Rela.C3.A7.C3.B5es_exteriores"></span>Relações exteriores</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=It%C3%A1lia&amp;action=edit&amp;section=22&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editar secção: Relações exteriores" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>editar</span> </a> </span> </div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Ver também: <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miss%C3%B5es_diplom%C3%A1ticas_da_It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Missões diplomáticas da Itália">Missões diplomáticas da Itália</a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:EU_High_Representative_Mogherini_Walks_With_Italian_FM_Gentioni_Prior_to_First_Working_Session_of_G7_Ministerial_Meeting_cropped.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/EU_High_Representative_Mogherini_Walks_With_Italian_FM_Gentioni_Prior_to_First_Working_Session_of_G7_Ministerial_Meeting_cropped.jpg/220px-EU_High_Representative_Mogherini_Walks_With_Italian_FM_Gentioni_Prior_to_First_Working_Session_of_G7_Ministerial_Meeting_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="128" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1478" data-file-height="858"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 128px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/EU_High_Representative_Mogherini_Walks_With_Italian_FM_Gentioni_Prior_to_First_Working_Session_of_G7_Ministerial_Meeting_cropped.jpg/220px-EU_High_Representative_Mogherini_Walks_With_Italian_FM_Gentioni_Prior_to_First_Working_Session_of_G7_Ministerial_Meeting_cropped.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="128" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/EU_High_Representative_Mogherini_Walks_With_Italian_FM_Gentioni_Prior_to_First_Working_Session_of_G7_Ministerial_Meeting_cropped.jpg/330px-EU_High_Representative_Mogherini_Walks_With_Italian_FM_Gentioni_Prior_to_First_Working_Session_of_G7_Ministerial_Meeting_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/EU_High_Representative_Mogherini_Walks_With_Italian_FM_Gentioni_Prior_to_First_Working_Session_of_G7_Ministerial_Meeting_cropped.jpg/440px-EU_High_Representative_Mogherini_Walks_With_Italian_FM_Gentioni_Prior_to_First_Working_Session_of_G7_Ministerial_Meeting_cropped.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> Ex-primeiro-ministro <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Paolo_Gentiloni?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Paolo Gentiloni">Paolo Gentiloni</a> com <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Federica_Mogherini?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Federica Mogherini">Federica Mogherini</a>, a <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alto_Representante_da_Uni%C3%A3o_para_os_Neg%C3%B3cios_Estrangeiros_e_a_Pol%C3%ADtica_de_Seguran%C3%A7a?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alto Representante da União para os Negócios Estrangeiros e a Política de Segurança">Alto Representante da UE para os Negócios Estrangeiros</a> </figcaption> </figure> <p>A Itália foi um membro fundador da <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Comunidade_Econ%C3%B3mica_Europeia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Comunidade Económica Europeia">Comunidade Econômica Europeia</a>, agora <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uni%C3%A3o_Europeia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="União Europeia">União Europeia</a> (UE), cujo <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tratado_de_Roma_(1957)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tratado de Roma (1957)">tratado constituinte</a> foi assinado em Roma em 1957. A Itália foi aceita nas <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Organiza%C3%A7%C3%A3o_das_Na%C3%A7%C3%B5es_Unidas?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Organização das Nações Unidas">Nações Unidas</a> em 1955 e é um membro e um forte braço da <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Organiza%C3%A7%C3%A3o_do_Tratado_do_Atl%C3%A2ntico_Norte?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Organização do Tratado do Atlântico Norte">Organização do Tratado do Atlântico Norte</a> (OTAN), a <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Organiza%C3%A7%C3%A3o_para_Coopera%C3%A7%C3%A3o_e_Desenvolvimento_Econ%C3%B4mico?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Organização para Cooperação e Desenvolvimento Econômico">Organização para Cooperação e Desenvolvimento Econômico</a> (OCDE), o <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Acordo_Geral_sobre_Tarifas_e_Com%C3%A9rcio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Acordo Geral sobre Tarifas e Comércio">Acordo Geral sobre Tarifas e Comércio</a>/<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Organiza%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Mundial_do_Com%C3%A9rcio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Organização Mundial do Comércio">Organização Mundial do Comércio</a> (GATT/OMC), a <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Organiza%C3%A7%C3%A3o_para_a_Seguran%C3%A7a_e_Coopera%C3%A7%C3%A3o_na_Europa?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Organização para a Segurança e Cooperação na Europa">Organização para a Segurança e Cooperação na Europa</a> (OSCE), e o <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conselho_da_Europa?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Conselho da Europa">Conselho da Europa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-RI_140-0" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-RI-140"><span>[</span>140<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>A Itália apoia as Nações Unidas e as suas atividades internacionais de segurança. O país já forneceu tropas de apoio a <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/For%C3%A7as_de_manuten%C3%A7%C3%A3o_da_paz_das_Na%C3%A7%C3%B5es_Unidas?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Forças de manutenção da paz das Nações Unidas">missões de paz da ONU</a> na <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Opera%C3%A7%C3%A3o_das_Na%C3%A7%C3%B5es_Unidas_na_Som%C3%A1lia_II?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Operação das Nações Unidas na Somália II">Somália</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Opera%C3%A7%C3%A3o_das_Na%C3%A7%C3%B5es_Unidas_em_Mo%C3%A7ambique?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Operação das Nações Unidas em Moçambique">Moçambique</a>, e em <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/For%C3%A7a_Internacional_para_Timor-Leste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Força Internacional para Timor-Leste">Timor-Leste</a> e dá suporte para operações da OTAN e da ONU na <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Interven%C3%A7%C3%A3o_da_OTAN_na_B%C3%B3snia_e_Herzegovina?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Intervenção da OTAN na Bósnia e Herzegovina">Bósnia</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/For%C3%A7a_do_C%C3%B3ssovo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Força do Cóssovo">Kosovo</a> e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alb%C3%A2nia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Albânia">Albânia</a>. A Itália mobilizou também mais de 2&nbsp;000 soldados para o <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Opera%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Liberdade_Duradoura_-_Afeganist%C3%A3o?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Operação Liberdade Duradoura - Afeganistão">Afeganistão</a>, em apoio à <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Opera%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Liberdade_Duradoura?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Operação Liberdade Duradoura">Operação Liberdade Duradoura</a> (OEF, do inglês <i>Operation Enduring Freedom</i>) em fevereiro de 2003 e apoia ainda os esforços internacionais para reconstruir e estabilizar o <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Iraque?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Iraque">Iraque</a>, mas o país retirou o seu contingente militar de cerca de 3&nbsp;200 soldados em novembro de 2006, mantendo apenas trabalhadores humanitários e pessoal civil.<sup id="cite_ref-141" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-141"><span>[</span>141<span>]</span></a></sup> Em agosto de 2006, a Itália enviou cerca de 2&nbsp;450 soldados para o <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Líbano">Líbano</a> a serviço das Nações Unidas em uma missão de paz, a <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/For%C3%A7a_Interina_das_Na%C3%A7%C3%B5es_Unidas_no_L%C3%ADbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Força Interina das Nações Unidas no Líbano">FINUL</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-RI_140-1" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-RI-140"><span>[</span>140<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NewsMax_142-0" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-NewsMax-142"><span>[</span>142<span>]</span></a></sup></p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Divisões_administrativas"><span id="Divis.C3.B5es_administrativas"></span>Divisões administrativas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=It%C3%A1lia&amp;action=edit&amp;section=23&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editar secção: Divisões administrativas" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>editar</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <div class="hatnote"> <span typeof="mw:File"><span> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/17px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="663" data-file-height="659"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 17px;height: 17px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/17px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="17" data-height="17" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/26px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/34px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></span></span>Ver artigos principais: <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Regi%C3%B5es_da_It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Regiões da Itália">Regiões da Itália</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Categoria:Comunas_da_It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Categoria:Comunas da Itália">Comunas da Itália</a> e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lista_de_prov%C3%ADncias_da_It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lista de províncias da Itália">Lista de províncias da Itália</a> </div> <div role="img" class="floatleft noresize" style="width: 440px; line-height: 1; text-align: center; background-color: #ffffff; position: relative;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:Italian_regions_provinces_white_no_labels.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Italian_regions_provinces_white_no_labels.svg/440px-Italian_regions_provinces_white_no_labels.svg.png" decoding="async" width="440" height="550" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1500"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 440px;height: 550px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Italian_regions_provinces_white_no_labels.svg/440px-Italian_regions_provinces_white_no_labels.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="440" data-height="550" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Italian_regions_provinces_white_no_labels.svg/660px-Italian_regions_provinces_white_no_labels.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Italian_regions_provinces_white_no_labels.svg/880px-Italian_regions_provinces_white_no_labels.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:358.5px; top:298px"> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ap%C3%BAlia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Apúlia">Apúlia</a> </div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:340.5px; top:329.5px"> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Basilicata?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Basilicata">Basilicata</a> </div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:354px; top:388px"> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cal%C3%A1bria?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Calábria">Calábria</a> </div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:273px; top:469px"> <i><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sic%C3%ADlia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sicília">Sicília</a></i> </div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:282px; top:271px"> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Molise?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Molise">Molise</a> </div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:282px; top:316px"> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Camp%C3%A2nia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Campânia">Campânia</a> </div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:255px; top:239.5px"> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Abruzos?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Abruzos">Abruzos</a> </div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:214.5px; top:262px"> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%A1cio_(regi%C3%A3o_moderna)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lácio (região moderna)">Lácio</a> </div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:205.5px; top:212.5px"> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%9Ambria?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Úmbria">Úmbria</a> </div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:232.5px; top:185.5px"> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Marcas?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Marcas">Marcas</a> </div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:160.5px; top:194.5px"> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Toscana?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Toscana">Toscana</a> </div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:79.5px; top:352px"> <i><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sardenha?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sardenha">Sardenha</a></i> </div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:138px; top:136px"> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Em%C3%ADlia-Romanha?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Emília-Romanha">Emília-Romanha</a> </div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:70.5px; top:140.5px"> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lig%C3%BAria?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ligúria">Ligúria</a> </div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:30px; top:113.5px"> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Piemonte?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Piemonte">Piemonte</a> </div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:219px; top:46px"> <i><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Friul-Veneza_J%C3%BAlia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Friul-Veneza Júlia">Friul-Veneza Júlia</a></i> </div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:16.5px; top:68.5px"> <i><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vale_de_Aosta?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vale de Aosta">Vale de<br> Aosta</a></i> </div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:151.5px; top:37px"> <i><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Trentino-Alto_%C3%81dige?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Trentino-Alto Ádige">Trentino <br> Alto Ádige</a></i> </div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:187.5px; top:82px"> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/V%C3%AAneto?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vêneto">Vêneto</a> </div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:93px; top:82px"> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lombardia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lombardia">Lombardia</a> </div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:294px; top:212px"> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mar_Adri%C3%A1tico?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mar Adriático"><span style="font-style: italic; color: #48A3B5;">Mar Adriático</span></a> </div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:386px; top:428px"> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mar_J%C3%B4nico?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mar Jônico"><span style="font-style: italic; color: #48A3B5;">Mar Jônico</span></a> </div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:66px; top:468px"> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mar_Mediterr%C3%A2neo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mar Mediterrâneo"><span style="font-style: italic; color: #48A3B5;">Mar Mediterrâneo</span></a> </div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:146px; top:348px"> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mar_Tirreno?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mar Tirreno"><span style="font-style: italic; color: #48A3B5;">Mar Tirreno</span></a> </div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:62px; top:172px"> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mar_L%C3%ADgure?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mar Lígure"><span style="font-style: italic; color: #48A3B5;">Mar Lígure</span></a> </div> </div> <table class="wikitable sortable" width="50%" style="text-align:left; font-size:100%"> <tbody> <tr style="font-size:100%; text-align:left"> <th width="30%"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bandeira?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bandeira">Bandeira</a></th> <th width="35%"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Regi%C3%B5es_da_It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Regiões da Itália">Região</a></th> <th width="15%"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Capital?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Capital">Capital</a></th> <th width="20%"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%81rea?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Área">Área</a> (km²)</th> <th width="15%"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Popula%C3%A7%C3%A3o?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="População">População</a></th> </tr> <tr> <td align="right"> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:Flag_of_Abruzzo.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Abruzzo.svg/40px-Flag_of_Abruzzo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="27" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 40px;height: 27px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Abruzzo.svg/40px-Flag_of_Abruzzo.svg.png" data-width="40" data-height="27" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Abruzzo.svg/60px-Flag_of_Abruzzo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Flag_of_Abruzzo.svg/80px-Flag_of_Abruzzo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption></figcaption> </figure></td> <td><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Abruzos?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Abruzos">Abruzos</a></td> <td><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%81quila_(It%C3%A1lia)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Áquila (Itália)">Áquila</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">10&nbsp;794</td> <td style="text-align:right">1&nbsp;324&nbsp;000</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="right"> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:Flag_of_Basilicata.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_Basilicata.svg/40px-Flag_of_Basilicata.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="27" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="890" data-file-height="593"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 40px;height: 27px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_Basilicata.svg/40px-Flag_of_Basilicata.svg.png" data-width="40" data-height="27" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_Basilicata.svg/60px-Flag_of_Basilicata.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Flag_of_Basilicata.svg/80px-Flag_of_Basilicata.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption></figcaption> </figure></td> <td><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Basilicata?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Basilicata">Basilicata</a></td> <td><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Potenza?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Potenza">Potenza</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">9&nbsp;992</td> <td style="text-align:right">591&nbsp;000</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="right"> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:Flag_of_Calabria.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Flag_of_Calabria.svg/40px-Flag_of_Calabria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="27" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1037" data-file-height="692"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 40px;height: 27px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Flag_of_Calabria.svg/40px-Flag_of_Calabria.svg.png" data-width="40" data-height="27" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Flag_of_Calabria.svg/60px-Flag_of_Calabria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Flag_of_Calabria.svg/80px-Flag_of_Calabria.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption></figcaption> </figure></td> <td><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cal%C3%A1bria?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Calábria">Calábria</a></td> <td><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catanzaro?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Catanzaro">Catanzaro</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">15&nbsp;080</td> <td style="text-align:right">2&nbsp;007&nbsp;000</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="right"> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:Campania-Bandiera.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Campania-Bandiera.png/40px-Campania-Bandiera.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="27" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="324" data-file-height="216"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 40px;height: 27px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Campania-Bandiera.png/40px-Campania-Bandiera.png" data-width="40" data-height="27" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Campania-Bandiera.png/60px-Campania-Bandiera.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Campania-Bandiera.png/80px-Campania-Bandiera.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption></figcaption> </figure></td> <td><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Camp%C3%A2nia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Campânia">Campânia</a></td> <td><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/N%C3%A1poles?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nápoles">Nápoles</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">13&nbsp;595</td> <td style="text-align:right">5&nbsp;811&nbsp;000</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="right"> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:Flag_of_Emilia-Romagna_(de_facto).svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Emilia-Romagna_%28de_facto%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Emilia-Romagna_%28de_facto%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="27" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 40px;height: 27px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Emilia-Romagna_%28de_facto%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_Emilia-Romagna_%28de_facto%29.svg.png" data-width="40" data-height="27" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Emilia-Romagna_%28de_facto%29.svg/60px-Flag_of_Emilia-Romagna_%28de_facto%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Emilia-Romagna_%28de_facto%29.svg/80px-Flag_of_Emilia-Romagna_%28de_facto%29.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption></figcaption> </figure></td> <td><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Em%C3%ADlia-Romanha?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Emília-Romanha">Emília-Romanha</a></td> <td><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bolonha?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bolonha">Bolonha</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">22&nbsp;124</td> <td style="text-align:right">4&nbsp;276&nbsp;000</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="right"> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:Flag_of_Friuli-Venezia_Giulia.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Flag_of_Friuli-Venezia_Giulia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Friuli-Venezia_Giulia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="27" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 40px;height: 27px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Flag_of_Friuli-Venezia_Giulia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Friuli-Venezia_Giulia.svg.png" data-width="40" data-height="27" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Flag_of_Friuli-Venezia_Giulia.svg/60px-Flag_of_Friuli-Venezia_Giulia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Flag_of_Friuli-Venezia_Giulia.svg/80px-Flag_of_Friuli-Venezia_Giulia.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption></figcaption> </figure></td> <td><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Friul-Veneza_J%C3%BAlia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Friul-Veneza Júlia">Friul-Veneza Júlia</a>*</td> <td><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Trieste?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Trieste">Trieste</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">7&nbsp;855</td> <td style="text-align:right">1&nbsp;222&nbsp;000</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="right"> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:Flag_of_Lazio.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Flag_of_Lazio.svg/40px-Flag_of_Lazio.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="27" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1649" data-file-height="1101"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 40px;height: 27px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Flag_of_Lazio.svg/40px-Flag_of_Lazio.svg.png" data-width="40" data-height="27" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Flag_of_Lazio.svg/60px-Flag_of_Lazio.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Flag_of_Lazio.svg/80px-Flag_of_Lazio.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption></figcaption> </figure></td> <td><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%A1cio_(regi%C3%A3o_moderna)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lácio (região moderna)">Lácio</a></td> <td><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Roma?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Roma">Roma</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">17&nbsp;207</td> <td style="text-align:right">5&nbsp;561&nbsp;000</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="right"> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:Liguria-Bandiera.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Liguria-Bandiera.png/40px-Liguria-Bandiera.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="27" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="324" data-file-height="216"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 40px;height: 27px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Liguria-Bandiera.png/40px-Liguria-Bandiera.png" data-width="40" data-height="27" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Liguria-Bandiera.png/60px-Liguria-Bandiera.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Liguria-Bandiera.png/80px-Liguria-Bandiera.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption></figcaption> </figure></td> <td><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lig%C3%BAria?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ligúria">Ligúria</a></td> <td><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/G%C3%AAnova?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Gênova">Gênova</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">5&nbsp;421</td> <td style="text-align:right">1&nbsp;610&nbsp;000</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="right"> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:Flag_of_Lombardy.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Lombardy.svg/40px-Flag_of_Lombardy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="27" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 40px;height: 27px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Lombardy.svg/40px-Flag_of_Lombardy.svg.png" data-width="40" data-height="27" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Lombardy.svg/60px-Flag_of_Lombardy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Lombardy.svg/80px-Flag_of_Lombardy.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption></figcaption> </figure></td> <td><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lombardia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lombardia">Lombardia</a></td> <td><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mil%C3%A3o?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Milão">Milão</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">23&nbsp;861</td> <td style="text-align:right">9&nbsp;642&nbsp;000</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="right"> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:Flag_of_Marche.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Flag_of_Marche.svg/40px-Flag_of_Marche.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="27" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 40px;height: 27px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Flag_of_Marche.svg/40px-Flag_of_Marche.svg.png" data-width="40" data-height="27" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Flag_of_Marche.svg/60px-Flag_of_Marche.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Flag_of_Marche.svg/80px-Flag_of_Marche.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption></figcaption> </figure></td> <td><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Marcas?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Marcas">Marcas</a></td> <td><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ancona?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ancona">Ancona</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">9&nbsp;694</td> <td style="text-align:right">1&nbsp;553&nbsp;000</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="right"> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:Flag_of_Molise.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Molise.svg/40px-Flag_of_Molise.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="27" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 40px;height: 27px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Molise.svg/40px-Flag_of_Molise.svg.png" data-width="40" data-height="27" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Molise.svg/60px-Flag_of_Molise.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Flag_of_Molise.svg/80px-Flag_of_Molise.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption></figcaption> </figure></td> <td><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Molise?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Molise">Molise</a></td> <td><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Campobasso?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Campobasso">Campobasso</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">4&nbsp;438</td> <td style="text-align:right">320&nbsp;000</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="right"> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:Flag_of_Piedmont.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Piedmont.svg/40px-Flag_of_Piedmont.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="27" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 40px;height: 27px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Piedmont.svg/40px-Flag_of_Piedmont.svg.png" data-width="40" data-height="27" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Piedmont.svg/60px-Flag_of_Piedmont.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Piedmont.svg/80px-Flag_of_Piedmont.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption></figcaption> </figure></td> <td><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Piemonte?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Piemonte">Piemonte</a></td> <td><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Turim?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Turim">Turim</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">25&nbsp;399</td> <td style="text-align:right">4&nbsp;401&nbsp;000</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="right"> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:Flag_of_Apulia.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_Apulia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Apulia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="27" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 40px;height: 27px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_Apulia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Apulia.svg.png" data-width="40" data-height="27" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_Apulia.svg/60px-Flag_of_Apulia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_Apulia.svg/80px-Flag_of_Apulia.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption></figcaption> </figure></td> <td><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ap%C3%BAlia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Apúlia">Apúlia</a></td> <td><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bari?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bari">Bari</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">19&nbsp;362</td> <td style="text-align:right">4&nbsp;076&nbsp;000</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="right"> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:Flag_of_Sardinia.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Sardinia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Sardinia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="27" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="895" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 40px;height: 27px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Sardinia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Sardinia.svg.png" data-width="40" data-height="27" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Sardinia.svg/60px-Flag_of_Sardinia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Sardinia.svg/80px-Flag_of_Sardinia.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption></figcaption> </figure></td> <td><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sardenha?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sardenha">Sardenha</a>*</td> <td><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cagliari?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cagliari">Cagliari</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">24&nbsp;090</td> <td style="text-align:right">1&nbsp;666&nbsp;000</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="right"> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:Flag_of_Valle_d%27Aosta.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Flag_of_Valle_d%27Aosta.svg/40px-Flag_of_Valle_d%27Aosta.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="27" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 40px;height: 27px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Flag_of_Valle_d%27Aosta.svg/40px-Flag_of_Valle_d%27Aosta.svg.png" data-width="40" data-height="27" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Flag_of_Valle_d%27Aosta.svg/60px-Flag_of_Valle_d%27Aosta.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Flag_of_Valle_d%27Aosta.svg/80px-Flag_of_Valle_d%27Aosta.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption></figcaption> </figure></td> <td><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vale_de_Aosta?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vale de Aosta">Vale de Aosta</a>*</td> <td><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aosta?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aosta">Aosta</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">3&nbsp;263</td> <td style="text-align:right">126&nbsp;000</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="right"> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:Flag_of_Tuscany.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Tuscany.svg/40px-Flag_of_Tuscany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="27" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="648" data-file-height="432"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 40px;height: 27px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Tuscany.svg/40px-Flag_of_Tuscany.svg.png" data-width="40" data-height="27" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Tuscany.svg/60px-Flag_of_Tuscany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Tuscany.svg/80px-Flag_of_Tuscany.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption></figcaption> </figure></td> <td><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Toscana?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Toscana">Toscana</a></td> <td><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Floren%C3%A7a?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Florença">Florença</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">22&nbsp;997</td> <td style="text-align:right">3&nbsp;677&nbsp;000</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="right"> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:Flag_of_Trentino-South_Tyrol.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Flag_of_Trentino-South_Tyrol.svg/40px-Flag_of_Trentino-South_Tyrol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="27" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 40px;height: 27px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Flag_of_Trentino-South_Tyrol.svg/40px-Flag_of_Trentino-South_Tyrol.svg.png" data-width="40" data-height="27" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Flag_of_Trentino-South_Tyrol.svg/60px-Flag_of_Trentino-South_Tyrol.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Flag_of_Trentino-South_Tyrol.svg/80px-Flag_of_Trentino-South_Tyrol.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption></figcaption> </figure></td> <td><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Trentino-Alto_%C3%81dige?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Trentino-Alto Ádige">Trentino-Alto Ádige</a>*</td> <td><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Trento?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Trento">Trento</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">13&nbsp;607</td> <td style="text-align:right">1&nbsp;007&nbsp;000</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="right"> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:Flag_of_Umbria.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Flag_of_Umbria.svg/40px-Flag_of_Umbria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="27" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 40px;height: 27px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Flag_of_Umbria.svg/40px-Flag_of_Umbria.svg.png" data-width="40" data-height="27" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Flag_of_Umbria.svg/60px-Flag_of_Umbria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Flag_of_Umbria.svg/80px-Flag_of_Umbria.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption></figcaption> </figure></td> <td><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%9Ambria?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Úmbria">Úmbria</a></td> <td><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Per%C3%BAgia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Perúgia">Perúgia</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">8&nbsp;456</td> <td style="text-align:right">884&nbsp;000</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="right"> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:Flag_of_Sicily.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_Sicily.svg/40px-Flag_of_Sicily.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="27" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="530"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 40px;height: 27px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_Sicily.svg/40px-Flag_of_Sicily.svg.png" data-width="40" data-height="27" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_Sicily.svg/60px-Flag_of_Sicily.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Flag_of_Sicily.svg/80px-Flag_of_Sicily.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption></figcaption> </figure></td> <td><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sic%C3%ADlia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sicília">Sicília</a>*</td> <td><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Palermo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Palermo">Palermo</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">25&nbsp;708</td> <td style="text-align:right">5&nbsp;030&nbsp;000</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="right"> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:Flag_of_Veneto.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Flag_of_Veneto.svg/40px-Flag_of_Veneto.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="27" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1163" data-file-height="776"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 40px;height: 27px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Flag_of_Veneto.svg/40px-Flag_of_Veneto.svg.png" data-width="40" data-height="27" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Flag_of_Veneto.svg/60px-Flag_of_Veneto.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Flag_of_Veneto.svg/80px-Flag_of_Veneto.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption></figcaption> </figure></td> <td><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/V%C3%AAneto?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vêneto">Vêneto</a></td> <td><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Veneza?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Veneza">Veneza</a></td> <td style="text-align:right">18&nbsp;391</td> <td style="text-align:right">4&nbsp;832&nbsp;000</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <dl> <dd> <dl> <dd> <dl> <dd> <dl> <dd> <dl> <dd> Fonte: <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISTAT?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISTAT">ISTAT</a> - Censo geral da população italiana (2001) </dd> </dl> </dd> </dl> </dd> </dl> </dd> </dl> </dd> </dl> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Economia">Economia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=It%C3%A1lia&amp;action=edit&amp;section=24&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editar secção: Economia" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>editar</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <div class="hatnote"> <span typeof="mw:File"><span> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/17px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="663" data-file-height="659"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 17px;height: 17px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/17px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="17" data-height="17" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/26px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/34px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></span></span>Ver artigo principal: <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Economia_da_It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Economia da Itália">Economia da Itália</a> </div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Ver também: <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Crise_da_d%C3%ADvida_p%C3%BAblica_da_Zona_Euro?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Crise da dívida pública da Zona Euro">Crise da dívida pública da Zona Euro</a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r68913260/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"> <div class="thumb tmulti tright"> <div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:224px;max-width:224px"> <div class="trow"> <div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"> <div class="thumbimage"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:Wide_angle_Milan_skyline_from_Duomo_roof.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Wide_angle_Milan_skyline_from_Duomo_roof.jpg/220px-Wide_angle_Milan_skyline_from_Duomo_roof.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="84" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="6048" data-file-height="2304"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 84px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Wide_angle_Milan_skyline_from_Duomo_roof.jpg/220px-Wide_angle_Milan_skyline_from_Duomo_roof.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="220" data-height="84" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Wide_angle_Milan_skyline_from_Duomo_roof.jpg/330px-Wide_angle_Milan_skyline_from_Duomo_roof.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Wide_angle_Milan_skyline_from_Duomo_roof.jpg/440px-Wide_angle_Milan_skyline_from_Duomo_roof.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> Vista do <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Centro_financeiro?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Centro financeiro">centro financeiro</a> de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mil%C3%A3o?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Milão">Milão</a>, cidade onde está sediada a <i><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Borsa_Italiana?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Borsa Italiana">Borsa Italiana</a></i>, a principal <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bolsa_de_valores?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bolsa de valores">bolsa de valores</a> do país </div> </div> </div> <div class="trow"> <div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"> <div class="thumbimage"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:Landscape_of_vineyards_in_Piemonte,_Italy.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Landscape_of_vineyards_in_Piemonte%2C_Italy.jpg/220px-Landscape_of_vineyards_in_Piemonte%2C_Italy.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="121" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3360" data-file-height="1847"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 121px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Landscape_of_vineyards_in_Piemonte%2C_Italy.jpg/220px-Landscape_of_vineyards_in_Piemonte%2C_Italy.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="220" data-height="121" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Landscape_of_vineyards_in_Piemonte%2C_Italy.jpg/330px-Landscape_of_vineyards_in_Piemonte%2C_Italy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Landscape_of_vineyards_in_Piemonte%2C_Italy.jpg/440px-Landscape_of_vineyards_in_Piemonte%2C_Italy.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> Vinhedos na área montanhosa de Langhe, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Piemonte?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Piemonte">Piemonte</a>. A Itália é o maior produtor mundial de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vinho?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vinho">vinhos</a> de alta qualidade.<sup id="cite_ref-Vinho_143-0" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Vinho-143"><span>[</span>143<span>]</span></a></sup> </div> </div> </div> <div class="trow"> <div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"> <div class="thumbimage"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:Italy_Product_Exports_(2019).svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Italy_Product_Exports_%282019%29.svg/220px-Italy_Product_Exports_%282019%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="715"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 143px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Italy_Product_Exports_%282019%29.svg/220px-Italy_Product_Exports_%282019%29.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="220" data-height="143" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Italy_Product_Exports_%282019%29.svg/330px-Italy_Product_Exports_%282019%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Italy_Product_Exports_%282019%29.svg/440px-Italy_Product_Exports_%282019%29.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> Principais produtos de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Exporta%C3%A7%C3%A3o?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Exportação">exportação</a> da Itália em 2019 (em inglês). </div> </div> </div> <div class="trow"> <div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"> <div class="thumbimage"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:Ferrari458SpiderMaranello2.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Ferrari458SpiderMaranello2.jpg/220px-Ferrari458SpiderMaranello2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2128" data-file-height="1280"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 132px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Ferrari458SpiderMaranello2.jpg/220px-Ferrari458SpiderMaranello2.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="220" data-height="132" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Ferrari458SpiderMaranello2.jpg/330px-Ferrari458SpiderMaranello2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Ferrari458SpiderMaranello2.jpg/440px-Ferrari458SpiderMaranello2.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> Um <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ferrari_458?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ferrari 458">Ferrari 458</a> na sede da <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ferrari?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ferrari">Ferrari</a> em <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Maranello?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Maranello">Maranello</a>. A Itália tem uma <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ind%C3%BAstria_automotiva?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Indústria automotiva">indústria automotiva</a> sofisticada e é o sétimo maior exportador de mercadorias do mundo </div> </div> </div> <div class="trow"> <div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"> <div class="thumbimage"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:The_Crystals,_Las_Vegas.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/The_Crystals%2C_Las_Vegas.jpg/220px-The_Crystals%2C_Las_Vegas.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="5614" data-file-height="3733"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 146px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/The_Crystals%2C_Las_Vegas.jpg/220px-The_Crystals%2C_Las_Vegas.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="220" data-height="146" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/The_Crystals%2C_Las_Vegas.jpg/330px-The_Crystals%2C_Las_Vegas.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/The_Crystals%2C_Las_Vegas.jpg/440px-The_Crystals%2C_Las_Vegas.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Logotipo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Logotipo">Logotipos</a> das marcas italianas <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gucci?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gucci">Gucci</a> e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dolce_%26_Gabbana?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dolce &amp; Gabbana">Dolce &amp; Gabbana</a> no <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/CityCenter?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="CityCenter">CityCenter</a> em <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Las_Vegas?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Las Vegas">Las Vegas</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Estados_Unidos?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Estados Unidos">Estados Unidos</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="trow"> <div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"> <div class="thumbimage"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:Canal_Grande_Chiesa_della_Salute_e_Dogana_dal_ponte_dell_Accademia.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Canal_Grande_Chiesa_della_Salute_e_Dogana_dal_ponte_dell_Accademia.jpg/220px-Canal_Grande_Chiesa_della_Salute_e_Dogana_dal_ponte_dell_Accademia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="7307" data-file-height="4912"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 148px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Canal_Grande_Chiesa_della_Salute_e_Dogana_dal_ponte_dell_Accademia.jpg/220px-Canal_Grande_Chiesa_della_Salute_e_Dogana_dal_ponte_dell_Accademia.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="220" data-height="148" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Canal_Grande_Chiesa_della_Salute_e_Dogana_dal_ponte_dell_Accademia.jpg/330px-Canal_Grande_Chiesa_della_Salute_e_Dogana_dal_ponte_dell_Accademia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Canal_Grande_Chiesa_della_Salute_e_Dogana_dal_ponte_dell_Accademia.jpg/440px-Canal_Grande_Chiesa_della_Salute_e_Dogana_dal_ponte_dell_Accademia.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Veneza?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Veneza">Veneza</a>, construída sobre 117 ilhas. A Itália recebe 37 milhões de turistas anualmente.<sup id="cite_ref-Turismo_144-0" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Turismo-144"><span>[</span>144<span>]</span></a></sup> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <p>A Itália tem uma economia de mercado caracterizada por um elevado <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/PIB?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="PIB">PIB</a> <i>per capita</i> e taxas de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Desemprego?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Desemprego">desemprego</a> baixas. Em 2010, era a <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lista_de_pa%C3%ADses_por_PIB_nominal?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lista de países por PIB nominal">oitava maior economia do mundo</a> e a quarta maior da <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Europa?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Europa">Europa</a> em termos de PIB nominal.<sup id="cite_ref-145" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-145"><span>[</span>145<span>]</span></a></sup> Por <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Paridade_do_poder_de_compra?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Paridade do poder de compra">paridade do poder de compra</a> (PPC), o país possui o <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lista_de_pa%C3%ADses_por_PIB_(Paridade_do_Poder_de_Compra)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lista de países por PIB (Paridade do Poder de Compra)">décimo maior PIB do mundo</a> e o quinto maior da Europa.<sup id="cite_ref-146" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-146"><span>[</span>146<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Após a <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Segunda_Guerra_Mundial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Segunda Guerra Mundial">Segunda Guerra Mundial</a>, a Itália foi rapidamente transformada de uma economia baseada na <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Agricultura?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Agricultura">agricultura</a> para um dos países mais <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ind%C3%BAstria?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Indústria">industrializados</a> do mundo<sup id="cite_ref-147" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-147"><span>[</span>147<span>]</span></a></sup> e um país líder em <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Com%C3%A9rcio_internacional?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Comércio internacional">comércio mundial e exportações</a>. É um <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pa%C3%ADs_desenvolvido?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="País desenvolvido">país desenvolvido</a>, com a oitava <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%8Dndice_de_qualidade_de_vida?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Índice de qualidade de vida">melhor qualidade de vida</a> do mundo<sup id="cite_ref-economist.com_8-1" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-economist.com-8"><span>[</span>8<span>]</span></a></sup> e o 23º melhor <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%8Dndice_de_Desenvolvimento_Humano?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano">Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano</a> (IDH).<sup id="cite_ref-IDH_3-2" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-IDH-3"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup> Apesar da <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Crise_econ%C3%B4mica_de_2008-2011?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Crise econômica de 2008-2011">recente crise econômica global</a>, o <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lista_de_pa%C3%ADses_por_PIB_(Paridade_do_Poder_de_Compra)_per_capita?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lista de países por PIB (Paridade do Poder de Compra) per capita">PIB <i>per capita</i> italiano em PPC</a> mantém-se aproximadamente igual à média da <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uni%C3%A3o_Europeia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="União Europeia">União Europeia</a> (UE),<sup id="cite_ref-148" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-148"><span>[</span>148<span>]</span></a></sup> enquanto a taxa de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Desemprego?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Desemprego">desemprego</a> (8,5%) se destaca como uma das mais baixas da UE.<sup id="cite_ref-149" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-149"><span>[</span>149<span>]</span></a></sup> O país é bem conhecido por seu setor de negócios econômicos influente e inovador,<sup id="cite_ref-devp3_150-0" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-devp3-150"><span>[</span>150<span>]</span></a></sup> um setor trabalhista e agrícola competitivo<sup id="cite_ref-devp3_150-1" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-devp3-150"><span>[</span>150<span>]</span></a></sup> (a Itália é o maior produtor mundial de vinho)<sup id="cite_ref-Vinho_143-1" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Vinho-143"><span>[</span>143<span>]</span></a></sup> e por seus automóveis, indústria, eletrodomésticos e <i>design</i> de moda de alta qualidade.<sup id="cite_ref-devp3_150-2" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-devp3-150"><span>[</span>150<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>A Itália tem um número menor de empresas multinacionais globais quando comparada a outras economias de tamanho similar, mas há um grande número de pequenas e médias empresas, notoriamente agrupadas em vários distritos industriais, que são a espinha dorsal da indústria italiana. Isso produziu um setor industrial focado principalmente na exportação de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nicho_de_mercado?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicho de mercado">nicho de mercado</a> e produtos de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Luxo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Luxo">luxo</a>, que, se por um lado é menos capaz de competir em quantidade, do outro é mais capaz de enfrentar a concorrência da <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_Popular_da_China?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="República Popular da China">China</a> e de outras economias emergentes da <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%81sia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ásia">Ásia</a> com base em custos laborais mais baixos e com produtos de maior qualidade.<sup id="cite_ref-151" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-151"><span>[</span>151<span>]</span></a></sup> Em 2009, o país era o <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lista_de_pa%C3%ADses_por_exporta%C3%A7%C3%B5es?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lista de países por exportações">sétimo maior exportador do mundo</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-152" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-152"><span>[</span>152<span>]</span></a></sup> caindo para 10º lugar em 2020, tanto nas exportações, quanto nas importações.<sup id="cite_ref-153" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-153"><span>[</span>153<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-154" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-154"><span>[</span>154<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-155" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-155"><span>[</span>155<span>]</span></a></sup> Existem fortes laços comerciais da Itália com outros países da <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uni%C3%A3o_Europeia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="União Europeia">União Europeia</a>, com quem realiza cerca de 59% seu comércio total. Seus maiores parceiros comerciais da UE, em termos de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Quota_de_mercado?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Quota de mercado">quota de mercado</a>, são a <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alemanha?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alemanha">Alemanha</a> (12,9%), <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="França">França</a> (11,4%) e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Espanha?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Espanha">Espanha</a> (7,4%).<sup id="cite_ref-cia.gov_156-0" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-cia.gov-156"><span>[</span>156<span>]</span></a></sup> Finalmente, o turismo é um dos setores de maior crescimento e rentabilidade da economia nacional: com 43,6 milhões de chegadas de turistas internacionais e receitas totais estimadas em <span style="cursor: help; border-bottom: 1px dotted;" title="38,8E9 (38&nbsp;800&nbsp;000&nbsp;000)"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">38,8 <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1_000_000_000?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1 000 000 000">bilhões</a></span></span>&nbsp;<sup><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Escalas_curta_e_longa?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Escalas curta e longa">*</a></sup> de dólares em 2010, a Itália é ao mesmo tempo o quinto país mais visitado e que mais lucra com o turismo no mundo.<sup id="cite_ref-157" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-157"><span>[</span>157<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Apesar dessas importantes conquistas, a <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Economia_da_It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Economia da Itália">economia italiana</a> hoje sofre de muitos e relevantes problemas. Depois de um forte crescimento do <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/PIB?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="PIB">PIB</a>, entre 5 e 6% ao ano, da década de 1950 aos anos 1970<sup id="cite_ref-158" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-158"><span>[</span>158<span>]</span></a></sup> e um abrandamento progressivo nas décadas de 1980 e 1990, as taxas médias de crescimento anual da Itália tiveram uma performance ruim, de 1,23%, em comparação com uma média taxa de crescimento anual de 2,28% em toda a UE.<sup id="cite_ref-159" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-159"><span>[</span>159<span>]</span></a></sup> Diante da <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Estagna%C3%A7%C3%A3o_econ%C3%B4mica?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Estagnação econômica">estagnação econômica</a>, os esforços do governo para reavivar a economia através de maciços <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gastos_p%C3%BAblicos?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Gastos públicos">gastos públicos</a> a partir dos anos 1980, geraram um forte aumento da <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D%C3%ADvida_p%C3%BAblica?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Dívida pública">dívida pública</a>. De acordo com estatísticas do <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurostat?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eurostat">Eurostat</a>, a dívida pública italiana ficou em 116% do PIB em 2010 — a segunda maior relação dívida/PIB, somente superada pela <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gr%C3%A9cia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Grécia">Grécia</a>, com 126,8%.<sup id="cite_ref-160" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-160"><span>[</span>160<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>No entanto, a maior fatia da dívida pública italiana é de propriedade de italianos, o que é uma grande diferença entre a Itália e a Grécia.<sup id="cite_ref-161" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-161"><span>[</span>161<span>]</span></a></sup> Além disso, os padrões de vida dos italianos também têm uma considerável desigualdade entre as regiões <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Geografia_da_It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Geografia da Itália">norte</a> e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mezzogiorno?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mezzogiorno">sul do país</a>. A média do PIB per capita no norte excede em muito a média da União Europeia, enquanto muitas regiões do sul italiana têm uma renda dramaticamente baixa.<sup id="cite_ref-europa.eu_162-0" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-europa.eu-162"><span>[</span>162<span>]</span></a></sup> A Itália tem sido muitas vezes referida o "<i><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Homem_doente_da_Europa?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Homem doente da Europa">homem doente da Europa</a></i>",<sup id="cite_ref-163" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-163"><span>[</span>163<span>]</span></a></sup> caracterizado pela estagnação econômica, instabilidade política e problemas em realizar programas de reforma.<sup id="cite_ref-164" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-164"><span>[</span>164<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Mais especificamente, a Itália sofre de deficiências estruturais, devido à sua conformação geográfica e a falta de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mat%C3%A9ria-prima?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Matéria-prima">matérias-primas</a> e recursos energéticos: em 2006 o país importou mais de 86% do seu consumo total de energia (99,7% dos combustíveis sólidos, 92,5% de petróleo, 91,2% de gás natural e 15% da eletricidade).<sup id="cite_ref-165" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-165"><span>[</span>165<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-166" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-166"><span>[</span>166<span>]</span></a></sup> A economia italiana está enfraquecida pela falta de desenvolvimento da infraestrutura, reformas de mercado e investimento em pesquisa, além de um também elevado <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D%C3%A9ficit_p%C3%BAblico?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Déficit público">déficit público</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-devp3_150-3" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-devp3-150"><span>[</span>150<span>]</span></a></sup> No <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%8Dndice_de_Liberdade_Econ%C3%B4mica?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Índice de Liberdade Econômica">Índice de Liberdade Econômica</a> de 2008, o país ocupou o 64º lugar no mundo e o 29º na <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Europa?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Europa">Europa</a>, a classificação mais baixa da <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zona_Euro?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zona Euro">Zona Euro</a>. A Itália ainda recebe a ajuda ao desenvolvimento da União Europeia a cada ano. Entre 2000 e 2006, a Itália recebeu 27,4 bilhões de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Euro?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Euro">euros</a> da UE.<sup id="cite_ref-167" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-167"><span>[</span>167<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>O país tem uma burocracia estatal ineficiente, baixa proteção aos direitos de propriedade e altos níveis de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Corrup%C3%A7%C3%A3o_pol%C3%ADtica?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Corrupção política">corrupção política</a>, além de uma tributação pesada e gastos públicos que em 2008 representavam cerca da metade do PIB nacional.<sup id="cite_ref-economicfreedom_168-0" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-economicfreedom-168"><span>[</span>168<span>]</span></a></sup> Além disso, os gastos do país em <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pesquisa_e_desenvolvimento?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pesquisa e desenvolvimento">pesquisa e desenvolvimento</a> (P&amp;D) em 2006 foram equivalentes a 1,14% do PIB, abaixo da média da UE de 1,84% e do alvo <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Estrat%C3%A9gia_de_Lisboa?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Estratégia de Lisboa">Estratégia de Lisboa</a> de dedicar 3% do PIB para atividades de P&amp;D.<sup id="cite_ref-169" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-169"><span>[</span>169<span>]</span></a></sup> De acordo com um relatório de 2007 dos <i>Confesercenti</i>, uma associação empresarial importante na Itália, o <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/M%C3%A1fia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Máfia">crime organizado na Itália</a> representava o "maior segmento da economia italiana", respondendo por 90 bilhões de&nbsp;€ em receitas e 7% do PIB da Itália.<sup id="cite_ref-mafia-7_170-0" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-mafia-7-170"><span>[</span>170<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Turismo">Turismo</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=It%C3%A1lia&amp;action=edit&amp;section=25&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editar secção: Turismo" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>editar</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>O turismo também é muito importante para a economia italiana: com mais de 37 milhões de turistas por ano em 2004, a Itália é <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Turismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Os_principais_destinos_no_mundo" title="Turismo">classificada</a> como o quinto principal destino turístico do mundo.<sup id="cite_ref-Turismo_144-1" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Turismo-144"><span>[</span>144<span>]</span></a></sup> Em 2006, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Roma?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Roma">Roma</a> era a terceira <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cidade?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cidade">cidade</a> mais visitada da <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uni%C3%A3o_Europeia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="União Europeia">União Europeia</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-171" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-171"><span>[</span>171<span>]</span></a></sup> sendo constantemente considerada como uma das mais belas cidades antigas do mundo.<sup id="cite_ref-172" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-172"><span>[</span>172<span>]</span></a></sup> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Veneza?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Veneza">Veneza</a> também é considerada a cidade mais bonita do mundo, segundo o <i><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/New_York_Times?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times">New York Times</a></i>, que descreve a cidade como <i>"sem dúvida a mais bela cidade construída pelo homem"</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-173" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-173"><span>[</span>173<span>]</span></a></sup> O país também foi classificado com tendo a sexta melhor reputação internacional de 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-174" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-174"><span>[</span>174<span>]</span></a></sup></p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Infraestrutura">Infraestrutura</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=It%C3%A1lia&amp;action=edit&amp;section=26&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editar secção: Infraestrutura" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>editar</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Transportes">Transportes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=It%C3%A1lia&amp;action=edit&amp;section=27&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editar secção: Transportes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>editar</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:Elettrotreno_ETR.400.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Elettrotreno_ETR.400.jpg/220px-Elettrotreno_ETR.400.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4500" data-file-height="3102"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 152px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Elettrotreno_ETR.400.jpg/220px-Elettrotreno_ETR.400.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="152" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Elettrotreno_ETR.400.jpg/330px-Elettrotreno_ETR.400.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Elettrotreno_ETR.400.jpg/440px-Elettrotreno_ETR.400.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> O <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Frecciarossa_1000?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Frecciarossa 1000">Frecciarossa 1000</a> da <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ferrovie_dello_Stato?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferrovie dello Stato">FS</a> chega a 400&nbsp;km/h<sup id="cite_ref-175" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-175"><span>[</span>175<span>]</span></a></sup> e é o trem mais rápido da <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uni%C3%A3o_Europeia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="União Europeia">União Europeia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-176" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-176"><span>[</span>176<span>]</span></a></sup> </figcaption> </figure> <p>Em 2004 o setor de transporte na Itália gerou um valor de negócios de <span style="cursor: help; border-bottom: 1px dotted;" title="119,4E9 (119&nbsp;400&nbsp;000&nbsp;000)"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">119,4 <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1_000_000_000?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1 000 000 000">bilhões</a></span></span>&nbsp;<sup><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Escalas_curta_e_longa?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Escalas curta e longa">*</a></sup> de euros, empregando 935&nbsp;500 pessoas em 153&nbsp;700 empresas. Com relação a rede nacional de estradas, haviam 668&nbsp;721&nbsp;km de rodovias utilizáveis na Itália, incluindo 6&nbsp;487&nbsp;km de autoestradas,<sup id="cite_ref-177" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-177"><span>[</span>177<span>]</span></a></sup> possuídas pelo estado italiano mas operados pela empresa privada da Atlantia. Em 2005, havia na Itália cerca de 34&nbsp;667&nbsp;000 <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Autom%C3%B3vel?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Automóvel">carros de passageiros</a> (590 carros por 1&nbsp;000 pessoas).<sup id="cite_ref-European_Commission_178-0" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-European_Commission-178"><span>[</span>178<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>As <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Transporte_ferrovi%C3%A1rio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Transporte ferroviário">linhas férreas</a> na Itália totalizam 16&nbsp;627&nbsp;km, a 17ª maior rede ferroviária do mundo, e são operadas pela <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ferrovie_dello_Stato?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferrovie dello Stato">Ferrovie dello Stato</a>. <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Trem_de_alta_velocidade?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Trem de alta velocidade">trens de alta velocidade</a> incluem os da classe <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ElettroTreno?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ElettroTreno">ETR</a>, dos quais o <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ETR_500?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ETR 500">ETR&nbsp;500</a> viaja a 300&nbsp;km/h. Em 1991, a <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Treno_Alta_Velocit%C3%A0?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Treno Alta Velocità">Treno Alta Velocità SpA</a> (TAV) foi criada, uma <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sociedade_de_prop%C3%B3sito_espec%C3%ADfico?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sociedade de propósito específico">sociedade de propósito específico</a> pertencente à <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rete_Ferroviaria_Italiana?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rete Ferroviaria Italiana">RFI</a> (controlada pela Ferrovie dello Stato) para o planejamento e construção de linhas para <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Trem_de_alta_velocidade?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Trem de alta velocidade">trem de alta velocidade</a> ao longo das linhas mais importantes e saturadas da Itália. O objetivo da construção do TAV é de melhorar a viagem ao longo das linhas ferroviárias mais saturadas da Itália e adicionar novos trilhos a estas linhas, notadamente nos eixos <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mil%C3%A3o?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Milão">Milão</a>-<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/N%C3%A1poles?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nápoles">Nápoles</a> e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Turim?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Turim">Turim</a>-Milão-<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Veneza?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Veneza">Veneza</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-European_Commission2_179-0" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-European_Commission2-179"><span>[</span>179<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Existem cerca de 133 aeroportos na Itália, incluindo os dois <i><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hub_(avia%C3%A7%C3%A3o_comercial)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hub (aviação comercial)">hubs</a></i> de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aeroporto_Internacional_de_Malpensa?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Aeroporto Internacional de Malpensa">Malpensa Internacional</a> (perto de Milão) e o <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aeroporto_Leonardo_da_Vinci?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Aeroporto Leonardo da Vinci">Internacional Leonardo Da Vinci-Fiumicino</a> (perto de Roma).<sup id="cite_ref-European_Commission_178-1" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-European_Commission-178"><span>[</span>178<span>]</span></a></sup> O país tem 27 grandes <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Porto_(transporte)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Porto (transporte)">portos</a>, sendo o maior em <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/G%C3%AAnova?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Gênova">Gênova</a>, que também é o segundo maior do <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mar_Mediterr%C3%A2neo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mar Mediterrâneo">mar Mediterrâneo</a>, depois de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Marselha?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Marselha">Marselha</a>. 2&nbsp;400&nbsp;km de hidrovias passam pela Itália.<sup id="cite_ref-European_Commission_178-2" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-European_Commission-178"><span>[</span>178<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Educação,_ciência_e_tecnologia"><span id="Educa.C3.A7.C3.A3o.2C_ci.C3.AAncia_e_tecnologia"></span>Educação, ciência e tecnologia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=It%C3%A1lia&amp;action=edit&amp;section=28&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editar secção: Educação, ciência e tecnologia" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>editar</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="hatnote"> <span typeof="mw:File"><span> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/17px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="663" data-file-height="659"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 17px;height: 17px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/17px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="17" data-height="17" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/26px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/34px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></span></span>Ver artigo principal: <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ci%C3%AAncia_e_tecnologia_na_It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ciência e tecnologia na Itália">Ciência e tecnologia na Itália</a> </div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Ver também: <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lista_de_inven%C3%A7%C3%B5es_e_descobertas_italianas?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lista de invenções e descobertas italianas">Lista de invenções e descobertas italianas</a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r68913260/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"> <div class="thumb tmulti tright"> <div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:224px;max-width:224px"> <div class="trow"> <div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"> <div class="thumbimage"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:Archiginnasio_ora_blu_Bologna.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Archiginnasio_ora_blu_Bologna.jpg/220px-Archiginnasio_ora_blu_Bologna.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="7240" data-file-height="4784"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 145px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Archiginnasio_ora_blu_Bologna.jpg/220px-Archiginnasio_ora_blu_Bologna.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="220" data-height="145" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Archiginnasio_ora_blu_Bologna.jpg/330px-Archiginnasio_ora_blu_Bologna.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Archiginnasio_ora_blu_Bologna.jpg/440px-Archiginnasio_ora_blu_Bologna.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> A <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Universidade_de_Bologna?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Universidade de Bologna">Universidade de Bologna</a> é a mais antiga instituição acadêmica do mundo, fundada em 1088 </div> </div> </div> <div class="trow"> <div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"> <div class="thumbimage"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:Collage_scienziati_italiani.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Collage_scienziati_italiani.jpg/220px-Collage_scienziati_italiani.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1010" data-file-height="1010"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 220px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Collage_scienziati_italiani.jpg/220px-Collage_scienziati_italiani.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="220" data-height="220" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Collage_scienziati_italiani.jpg/330px-Collage_scienziati_italiani.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Collage_scienziati_italiani.jpg/440px-Collage_scienziati_italiani.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> Do alto a esquerda em sentido horário: <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alessandro_Volta?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alessandro Volta">Volta</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Galileo_Galilei?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Galileo Galilei">Galilei</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Guglielmo_Marconi?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Guglielmo Marconi">Marconi</a> e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Enrico_Fermi?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Enrico Fermi">Fermi</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <p>A educação na Itália é gratuita e obrigatória entre os 6 e 16 anos de idade<sup id="cite_ref-180" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-180"><span>[</span>180<span>]</span></a></sup> e consiste em cinco fases: <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ensino_infantil?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ensino infantil">ensino infantil</a> (<i>scuola</i> <i>dell'infanzia</i> ), <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Escola_prim%C3%A1ria?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Escola primária">escola primária</a> (<i>scuola primaria</i>), <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ensino_secund%C3%A1rio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ensino secundário">ensino secundário</a> de primeiro grau (<i>scuola secondaria di primo grado</i>), ensino secundário de segundo grau (<i>scuola secondaria di secondo grado</i>) e universidade (<i>Università</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-181" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-181"><span>[</span>181<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>A educação primária dura oito anos. Os alunos recebem uma educação básica em <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_inglesa?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Língua inglesa">inglês</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Matem%C3%A1tica?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Matemática">matemática</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ci%C3%AAncias_naturais?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ciências naturais">ciências naturais</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hist%C3%B3ria?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="História">história</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Geografia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Geografia">geografia</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Estudos_sociais?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Estudos sociais">estudos sociais</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Educa%C3%A7%C3%A3o_f%C3%ADsica?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Educação física">educação física</a> e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artes_visuais?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artes visuais">artes visuais</a> e musicais. O <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ensino_secund%C3%A1rio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ensino secundário">ensino secundário</a> tem a duração de cinco anos e inclui três tipos tradicionais de escolas voltadas para diferentes níveis de ensino: o <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liceu?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Liceu">liceu</a> prepara os alunos para os estudos universitários com um currículo clássico ou científico, enquanto o <i>istituto tecnico</i> e o <i>istituto professionale</i> preparam os alunos para o <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ensino_profissional?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ensino profissional">ensino profissional</a>. Na avaliação do <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Programa_Internacional_de_Avalia%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_Alunos?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Programa Internacional de Avaliação de Alunos">Programa Internacional de Avaliação de Alunos</a> (PISA) de 2012, o ensino secundário italiano foi classificado como ligeiramente abaixo da média da <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/OCDE?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="OCDE">OCDE</a>, mas registava-se uma melhoria forte e constante nas notas de ciências e matemática desde 2003;<sup id="cite_ref-182" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-182"><span>[</span>182<span>]</span></a></sup> No entanto, existe uma grande diferença entre as escolas do <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Norte_da_It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Norte da Itália">Norte</a>, que tiveram um desempenho significativamente melhor do que a média nacional (entre os melhores do mundo em alguns casos), e as escolas no <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sul_da_It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Sul da Itália">Sul</a>, que tiveram resultados muito mais pobres.<sup id="cite_ref-183" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-183"><span>[</span>183<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>O <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ensino_superior?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ensino superior">ensino superior</a> na Itália é dividido entre as universidades públicas, universidades privadas e as prestigiadas e seletivas escolas de graduação superior, como a <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Escola_Normal_Superior_de_Pisa?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Escola Normal Superior de Pisa">Escola Normal Superior de Pisa</a>. O sistema universitário na Itália é geralmente considerado como pobre para uma potência cultural mundial do nível do país, sem universidades classificadas entre as 100 melhores do mundo e apenas 20 entre as 500 melhores em 2018 no <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranking_de_Xangai?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ranking de Xangai">Ranking de Xangai</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-184" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-184"><span>[</span>184<span>]</span></a></sup> No entanto, em 2015, o governo tinha agendadas grandes reformas e investimentos a fim de melhorar a internacionalização e a qualidade global do sistema.<sup id="cite_ref-185" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-185"><span>[</span>185<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>A Itália é o sexto maior produtor de artigos científicos do mundo gerando mais de 155 mil documentos científicos no ano de 2020<sup id="cite_ref-186" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-186"><span>[</span>186<span>]</span></a></sup> comparados com os mais de 125 mil em 2019<sup id="cite_ref-Unnamed-xX5R-1_187-0" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Unnamed-xX5R-1-187"><span>[</span>187<span>]</span></a></sup> e cerca de 1,8 milhão de documentos gerados entre 1996 e 2019,<sup id="cite_ref-Unnamed-xX5R-1_187-1" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Unnamed-xX5R-1-187"><span>[</span>187<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-188" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-188"><span>[</span>188<span>]</span></a></sup> tendo ultrapassado a França em 2019 e o Japão em 2020, além de cerca de 2 milhões de documentos gerados entre 1996 e 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-189" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-189"><span>[</span>189<span>]</span></a></sup> Entre os <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lista_de_cientistas_italianos?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lista de cientistas italianos">cientistas italianos</a> se destacam, entre outros, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Galileo_Galilei?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Galileo Galilei">Galileo Galilei</a>, o fundador da ciência moderna,<sup id="cite_ref-TreGal_190-0" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-TreGal-190"><span>[</span>190<span>]</span></a></sup> e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Leonardo_da_Vinci?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Leonardo da Vinci">Leonardo da Vinci</a>, um dos grandes <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/G%C3%AAnio_(pessoa)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gênio (pessoa)">gênios</a> da humanidade;<sup id="cite_ref-Leonardo_191-0" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Leonardo-191"><span>[</span>191<span>]</span></a></sup> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pintor?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Pintor">pintor</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Escultor?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Escultor">escultor</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Engenheiro?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Engenheiro">engenheiro</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arquiteto?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arquiteto">arquiteto</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anatomista?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Anatomista">anatomista</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Musicista?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Musicista">musicista</a> e inventor,<sup id="cite_ref-192" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-192"><span>[</span>192<span>]</span></a></sup> que representa no <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Renascimento_Italiano?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Renascimento Italiano">Renascimento Italiano</a>, o espírito universalista que o leva a maiores formas de expressão nos diversos campos da arte e do conhecimento.<sup id="cite_ref-Leonardo_191-1" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Leonardo-191"><span>[</span>191<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Saúde"><span id="Sa.C3.BAde"></span>Saúde</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=It%C3%A1lia&amp;action=edit&amp;section=29&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editar secção: Saúde" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>editar</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:HSR_Basilica_e_Centro_Servizi.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/HSR_Basilica_e_Centro_Servizi.jpg/220px-HSR_Basilica_e_Centro_Servizi.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="182" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3193" data-file-height="2643"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 182px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/HSR_Basilica_e_Centro_Servizi.jpg/220px-HSR_Basilica_e_Centro_Servizi.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="182" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/HSR_Basilica_e_Centro_Servizi.jpg/330px-HSR_Basilica_e_Centro_Servizi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/HSR_Basilica_e_Centro_Servizi.jpg/440px-HSR_Basilica_e_Centro_Servizi.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> Hospital de San Raffaele em <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mil%C3%A3o?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Milão">Milão</a> </figcaption> </figure> <p>O Estado italiano mantém um sistema de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sa%C3%BAde_p%C3%BAblica?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Saúde pública">saúde pública</a> universal desde 1978.<sup id="cite_ref-devp1_193-0" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-devp1-193"><span>[</span>193<span>]</span></a></sup> No entanto, ele é fornecido a todos os cidadãos e residentes através de um sistema misto público-privado. A parte pública é o <i>Servizio Sanitario Nazionale</i>, que é organizado no âmbito do Ministério da Saúde e administrado numa base regional desconcentrada. As despesas de saúde na Itália foram responsáveis por 9,2% do PIB nacional em 2012, muito próximo da média dos países da <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/OCDE?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="OCDE">OCDE</a> de 9,3%.<sup id="cite_ref-OECD_194-0" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-OECD-194"><span>[</span>194<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Em 2000, o sistema de saúde italiano foi classificado como o segundo melhor do mundo.<sup id="cite_ref-devp1_193-1" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-devp1-193"><span>[</span>193<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-photius.com_195-0" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-photius.com-195"><span>[</span>195<span>]</span></a></sup> A <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Expectativa_de_vida?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Expectativa de vida">expectativa de vida</a> na Itália era de 80 anos para os homens e 85 anos para as mulheres em 2007, colocando o país no sexto lugar do mundo em expectativa de vida. Em comparação com outros <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pa%C3%ADses_ocidentais?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Países ocidentais">países ocidentais</a>, a Itália tem uma taxa relativamente baixa de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Obesidade?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Obesidade">obesidade</a> adulta (abaixo de 10%<sup id="cite_ref-IOTF2008_196-0" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-IOTF2008-196"><span>[</span>196<span>]</span></a></sup>), provavelmente graças aos benefícios de saúde da <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dieta_mediterr%C3%A2nica?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dieta mediterrânica">dieta mediterrânica</a>. A proporção de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tabagismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tabagismo">fumantes diários</a> foi de 22% em 2012, abaixo dos 24,4% em 2000, mas ainda ligeiramente acima da média da OCDE.<sup id="cite_ref-OECD_194-1" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-OECD-194"><span>[</span>194<span>]</span></a></sup> Fumar em locais públicos, incluindo bares, restaurantes, discotecas e escritórios tem sido restrito a quartos especialmente ventilados desde 2005.<sup id="cite_ref-Deutsche_Welle_10_01_197-0" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Deutsche_Welle_10_01-197"><span>[</span>197<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Em 2013, a <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/UNESCO?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> acrescentou a <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dieta_mediterr%C3%A2nica?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dieta mediterrânica">dieta mediterrânica</a> da Itália (promotor), <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Marrocos?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Marrocos">Marrocos</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Espanha?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Espanha">Espanha</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portugal?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portugal">Portugal</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gr%C3%A9cia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Grécia">Grécia</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chipre?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chipre">Chipre</a> e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cro%C3%A1cia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Croácia">Croácia</a> à lista do <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Patrim%C3%B4nio_Cultural_Imaterial_da_Humanidade?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Patrimônio Cultural Imaterial da Humanidade">Patrimônio Cultural Imaterial da Humanidade</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-198" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-198"><span>[</span>198<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-199" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-199"><span>[</span>199<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Energia">Energia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=It%C3%A1lia&amp;action=edit&amp;section=30&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editar secção: Energia" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>editar</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="hatnote"> <span typeof="mw:File"><span> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/17px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="663" data-file-height="659"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 17px;height: 17px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/17px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="17" data-height="17" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/26px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/34px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></span></span>Ver artigo principal: <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Energia_na_It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Energia na Itália">Energia na Itália</a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r68913260/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"> <div class="thumb tmulti tright"> <div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:224px;max-width:224px"> <div class="trow"> <div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"> <div class="thumbimage"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:Pannelli_solari_Unicoop_Tirreno.JPG?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Pannelli_solari_Unicoop_Tirreno.JPG/220px-Pannelli_solari_Unicoop_Tirreno.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Pannelli_solari_Unicoop_Tirreno.JPG/220px-Pannelli_solari_Unicoop_Tirreno.JPG" data-alt="" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Pannelli_solari_Unicoop_Tirreno.JPG/330px-Pannelli_solari_Unicoop_Tirreno.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Pannelli_solari_Unicoop_Tirreno.JPG/440px-Pannelli_solari_Unicoop_Tirreno.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Painel_solar_fotovoltaico?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Painel solar fotovoltaico">Paineis solares</a> em <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Piombino?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Piombino">Piombino</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Toscana?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Toscana">Toscana</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="trow"> <div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"> <div class="thumbimage"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:Florinas,_parco_eolico_(04).jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Florinas%2C_parco_eolico_%2804%29.jpg/220px-Florinas%2C_parco_eolico_%2804%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Florinas%2C_parco_eolico_%2804%29.jpg/220px-Florinas%2C_parco_eolico_%2804%29.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Florinas%2C_parco_eolico_%2804%29.jpg/330px-Florinas%2C_parco_eolico_%2804%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Florinas%2C_parco_eolico_%2804%29.jpg/440px-Florinas%2C_parco_eolico_%2804%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Parque_e%C3%B3lico?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Parque eólico">Parque eólico</a> em <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Florinas?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Florinas">Florinas</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <p>Com relação a outros países da União Europeia, a Itália apresenta uma dependência maior da importação de matérias primas e de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hidrocarboneto?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hidrocarboneto">hidrocarbonetos</a> (<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/G%C3%A1s?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gás">gás</a> e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Petr%C3%B3leo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Petróleo">petróleo</a>). Em 2016, a Itália produziu 70&nbsp;675 <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Barril_(unidade)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Barril (unidade)">barris</a> de petróleo diariamente,<sup id="cite_ref-EIA_200-0" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-EIA-200"><span>[</span>200<span>]</span></a></sup> enquanto o consumo diário era de 1&nbsp;253&nbsp;000 barris.<sup id="cite_ref-201" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-201"><span>[</span>201<span>]</span></a></sup> Os depósitos de Val d'Agri são os maiores da <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Europa_continental?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Europa continental">Europa continental</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-202" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-202"><span>[</span>202<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Com relação ao consumo de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Energia_el%C3%A9trica?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Energia elétrica">energia elétrica</a>, a Itália em 2014 consumiu 291,083&nbsp;<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Watt-hora?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Watt-hora">TWh</a> (4&nbsp;790&nbsp;kWh/per capita), o consumo residencial foi de 1&nbsp;057&nbsp;kWh/pessoa.<sup id="cite_ref-Terna_data_203-0" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Terna_data-203"><span>[</span>203<span>]</span></a></sup> O país é um importador líquido de eletricidade, importando 46&nbsp;747,5&nbsp;GWh e exportando 3&nbsp;031,1&nbsp;GWh em 2014; a produção bruta no mesmo ano foi de 279,8&nbsp;TWh, com as principais fontes de energia sendo a queima de gás e a <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hidroeletricidade?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hidroeletricidade">hidroeletricidade</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Terna_data_203-1" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Terna_data-203"><span>[</span>203<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>A <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Energia_nuclear?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Energia nuclear">energia nuclear</a> na Itália é um tópico controverso. Apesar de ter sido uma das primeiras nações a produzir energia nuclear no início dos anos 1960, todas as <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Central_nuclear?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Central nuclear">usinas nucleares</a> foram fechadas em 1990, na sequência de um referendo em 1987 em que a população italiana escolheu se opor a energia nuclear. Uma tentativa para mudar essa decisão ocorreu em 2008 pelo governo, que classificou o fim da produção de energia nuclear como um "grande erro, cujos custos totalizam mais de <span style="cursor: help; border-bottom: 1px dotted;" title="50E9 (50&nbsp;000&nbsp;000&nbsp;000)"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">50 <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1_000_000_000?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1 000 000 000">bilhões</a></span></span>&nbsp;<sup><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Escalas_curta_e_longa?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Escalas curta e longa">*</a></sup> de euros".<sup id="cite_ref-204" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-204"><span>[</span>204<span>]</span></a></sup> O Ministro do Desenvolvimento Econômico <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Claudio_Scajola?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Claudio Scajola">Claudio Scajola</a> propôs construir até 10 novos <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Reator_nuclear?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Reator nuclear">reatores</a>, com o objetivo da energia nuclear passar a representar cerca de 25% da demanda de eletricidade da Itália por volta de 2030.<sup id="cite_ref-205" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-205"><span>[</span>205<span>]</span></a></sup> No entanto, o <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Acidente_nuclear_de_Fukushima_I?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Acidente nuclear de Fukushima I">acidente nuclear de Fukushima</a> em 2011 levou o governo italiano a declarar uma moratória de um ano nos planos de reutilização da energia nuclear.<sup id="cite_ref-206" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-206"><span>[</span>206<span>]</span></a></sup> Em 11 e 12 de junho de 2011, o povo italiano votou no referendo para cancelar os planos para novos reatores<sup id="cite_ref-207" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-207"><span>[</span>207<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>A Itália tinha uma meta programada pela União Europeia de atingir em 2020 17% de cobertura por <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Energia_renov%C3%A1vel?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Energia renovável">energias renováveis</a> do seu consumo energético total, no entanto excedeu essa porcentagem em 2014, alcançando 17,1%.<sup id="cite_ref-208" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-208"><span>[</span>208<span>]</span></a></sup> O consumo bruto de energia de fontes renováveis aumentou de 17,36&nbsp;<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tonelada_equivalente_de_petr%C3%B3leo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tonelada equivalente de petróleo">tep</a> em 2010 para 21,14&nbsp;tep no fim de 2015. A maior parte do crescimento se deu na eletricidade, no qual o setor aumentou em 58,3%. Em 2015, o <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Energia_geot%C3%A9rmica?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Energia geotérmica">setor termal</a> registrou um aumento de 5,7% enquanto que o de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Transmiss%C3%A3o_de_energia_el%C3%A9trica?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Transmissão de energia elétrica">transporte</a> mostrou uma queda de 16,9%.<sup id="cite_ref-209" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-209"><span>[</span>209<span>]</span></a></sup> Em 2021, a Itália tinha, em energia elétrica renovável instalada, 22&nbsp;712&nbsp;MW em <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Energia_hidroel%C3%A9trica?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Energia hidroelétrica">energia hidroelétrica</a> (11º maior do mundo), 11&nbsp;276&nbsp;MW em <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Energia_e%C3%B3lica?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Energia eólica">energia eólica</a> (11º maior do mundo), 22&nbsp;698&nbsp;MW em <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Energia_solar_fotovoltaica?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Energia solar fotovoltaica">energia solar</a> (6º maior do mundo), e 1&nbsp;128&nbsp;MW em <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Biomassa?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Biomassa">biomassa</a>, além de 802&nbsp;MW em <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Energia_geot%C3%A9rmica?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Energia geotérmica">energia geotérmica</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-210" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-210"><span>[</span>210<span>]</span></a></sup></p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Cultura">Cultura</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=It%C3%A1lia&amp;action=edit&amp;section=31&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editar secção: Cultura" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>editar</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <div class="hatnote"> <span typeof="mw:File"><span> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/17px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="663" data-file-height="659"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 17px;height: 17px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/17px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="17" data-height="17" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/26px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/34px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></span></span>Ver artigo principal: <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cultura_da_It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cultura da Itália">Cultura da Itália</a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:Sandro_Botticelli_-_La_nascita_di_Venere_-_Google_Art_Project_-_edited.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Sandro_Botticelli_-_La_nascita_di_Venere_-_Google_Art_Project_-_edited.jpg/220px-Sandro_Botticelli_-_La_nascita_di_Venere_-_Google_Art_Project_-_edited.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="30000" data-file-height="18840"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 138px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Sandro_Botticelli_-_La_nascita_di_Venere_-_Google_Art_Project_-_edited.jpg/220px-Sandro_Botticelli_-_La_nascita_di_Venere_-_Google_Art_Project_-_edited.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="138" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Sandro_Botticelli_-_La_nascita_di_Venere_-_Google_Art_Project_-_edited.jpg/330px-Sandro_Botticelli_-_La_nascita_di_Venere_-_Google_Art_Project_-_edited.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Sandro_Botticelli_-_La_nascita_di_Venere_-_Google_Art_Project_-_edited.jpg/440px-Sandro_Botticelli_-_La_nascita_di_Venere_-_Google_Art_Project_-_edited.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> <i><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/O_Nascimento_de_V%C3%AAnus?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="O Nascimento de Vênus">O Nascimento de Vênus</a></i>, de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sandro_Botticelli?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sandro Botticelli">Botticelli</a> </figcaption> </figure> <p>Por séculos dividida pela política e pela geografia até sua <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Unifica%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Italiana?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Unificação Italiana">unificação em 1861</a>, a Itália desenvolveu uma cultura única, moldada por uma infinidade de costumes regionais e centros locais de poder e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mecenato?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mecenato">mecenato</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-211" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-211"><span>[</span>211<span>]</span></a></sup> Durante a <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Idade_M%C3%A9dia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Idade Média">Idade Média</a> e a <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Renascimento?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Renascimento">Renascença</a>, várias cortes magníficas competiram por atrair os melhores arquitetos, artistas e estudiosos, produzindo assim um imenso legado de monumentos, pinturas, música e literatura.<sup id="cite_ref-212" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-212"><span>[</span>212<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>A Itália tem mais sítios classificados como <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Patrim%C3%B3nio_Mundial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Património Mundial">Patrimônio Mundial</a> pela <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/UNESCO?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a><sup id="cite_ref-eyew_213-0" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-eyew-213"><span>[</span>213<span>]</span></a></sup> (53 em 2018)<sup id="cite_ref-214" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-214"><span>[</span>214<span>]</span></a></sup> do que qualquer outro país do mundo e possui importantes coleções de arte, cultura e literatura de muitos períodos diferentes.<sup id="cite_ref-eyew_213-1" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-eyew-213"><span>[</span>213<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>O país teve uma ampla influência cultural em todo o mundo, também porque vários italianos emigraram para outros lugares durante a <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Di%C3%A1spora_italiana?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Diáspora italiana">diáspora italiana</a>. Além disso, a nação tem, em geral, cerca de 100&nbsp;000 monumentos de todos os tipos (museus, palácios, edifícios, estátuas, igrejas, galerias de arte, casas de campo, fontes, casas históricas e vestígios arqueológicos).<sup id="cite_ref-eyew_213-2" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-eyew-213"><span>[</span>213<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Literatura">Literatura</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=It%C3%A1lia&amp;action=edit&amp;section=32&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editar secção: Literatura" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>editar</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:Dante03.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Dante03.jpg/200px-Dante03.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="214" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4992" data-file-height="5334"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 214px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Dante03.jpg/200px-Dante03.jpg" data-width="200" data-height="214" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Dante03.jpg/300px-Dante03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Dante03.jpg/400px-Dante03.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dante?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Dante">Dante</a>, com a montanha do <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Purgat%C3%B3rio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Purgatório">Purgatório</a> ao fundo, exibe a <i><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Divina_Com%C3%A9dia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Divina Comédia">Divina Comédia</a></i> em um detalhe da pintura de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Agnolo_Bronzino?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Agnolo Bronzino">Agnolo Bronzino</a>, 1530 </figcaption> </figure> <p>A literatura italiana começou após a <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Funda%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_Roma?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fundação de Roma">fundação de Roma</a> no <span style="white-space:nowrap;">século VIII a.C.</span> A <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Literatura_latina?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Literatura latina">literatura latina</a> era, e ainda é, altamente influente no mundo, com vários escritores, poetas, filósofos e historiadores, tais como <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pl%C3%ADnio,_o_Velho?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Plínio, o Velho">Plínio, o Velho</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pl%C3%ADnio,_o_Jovem?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Plínio, o Jovem">Plínio, o Jovem</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Virg%C3%ADlio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Virgílio">Virgílio</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hor%C3%A1cio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Horácio">Horácio</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Prop%C3%A9rcio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Propércio">Propércio</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ov%C3%ADdio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ovídio">Ovídio</a> e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADvio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Lívio">Lívio</a>. Os <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Roma_Antiga?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Roma Antiga">romanos</a> também eram famosos por sua tradição oral, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Poesia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Poesia">poesia</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Drama?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Drama">drama</a> e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Epigrama?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Epigrama">epigramas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-215" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-215"><span>[</span>215<span>]</span></a></sup> Nos primeiros anos do <span style="white-space:nowrap;">século XIII</span>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Francisco_de_Assis?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="São Francisco de Assis">São Francisco de Assis</a> foi considerado o primeiro poeta italiano pelos críticos literários, com sua canção religiosa <i><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/C%C3%A2ntico_das_Criaturas?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cântico das Criaturas">Cântico das Criaturas</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-216" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-216"><span>[</span>216<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Outra voz italiana originou-se na <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sic%C3%ADlia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sicília">Sicília</a>. Na corte do imperador <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Frederico_II_do_Sacro_Imp%C3%A9rio_Romano-Germ%C3%A2nico?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Frederico II do Sacro Império Romano-Germânico">Frederico II</a>, que governou o <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Reino_da_Sic%C3%ADlia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Reino da Sicília">reino siciliano</a> durante a primeira metade do <span style="white-space:nowrap;">século XIII</span>, as letras modeladas em formas e temas <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Proven%C3%A7a?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Provença">provençais</a> eram escritas em uma versão refinada do vernáculo local. O mais importante desses poetas foi o <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Not%C3%A1rio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Notário">notário</a> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Giacomo_da_Lentini?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Giacomo da Lentini">Giacomo da Lentini</a>, inventor do <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Soneto?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Soneto">soneto</a>, embora o mais famoso sonetista primitivo seja <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Francesco_Petrarca?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Francesco Petrarca">Petrarca</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-217" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-217"><span>[</span>217<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Guido_Guinizelli?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Guido Guinizelli">Guido Guinizelli</a> é considerado o fundador do <i><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dolce_stil_novo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dolce stil novo">Dolce Stil Novo</a></i>, uma <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Escola_liter%C3%A1ria?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Escola literária">escola literária</a> que acrescentou uma dimensão filosófica à poesia amorosa tradicional. Essa nova compreensão do <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Amor?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Amor">amor</a>, expressa num estilo suave e puro, influenciou <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Guido_Cavalcanti?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Guido Cavalcanti">Guido Cavalcanti</a> e o poeta <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_de_Floren%C3%A7a?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="República de Florença">florentino</a> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dante_Alighieri?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dante Alighieri">Dante Alighieri</a>, que estabeleceu a base da moderna <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_italiana?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Língua italiana">língua italiana</a>; sua maior obra, a <i><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Divina_Com%C3%A9dia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Divina Comédia">Divina Comédia</a></i>, é considerada uma das principais declarações literárias produzidas na <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Europa?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Europa">Europa</a> durante a Idade Média; além disso, o poeta inventou a complicada <i><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Terza_rima?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Terza rima">terza rima</a></i>. Os dois grandes escritores do <span style="white-space:nowrap;">século XIV</span>, Petrarca e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Giovanni_Boccaccio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Giovanni Boccaccio">Giovanni Boccaccio</a>, procuraram e imitaram as obras da antiguidade e cultivaram suas próprias personalidades artísticas. Petrarca alcançou fama através de sua coleção de poemas, <i><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Il_Canzoniere?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Il Canzoniere">Il&nbsp;Canzoniere</a></i>. A poesia de amor de Petrarca serviu de modelo durante séculos. Igualmente influente foi <i><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Decamer%C3%A3o?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Decamerão">Decamerão</a></i>, de Boccaccio, uma das mais populares coleções de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Conto?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Conto">contos</a> de todos os tempos.<sup id="cite_ref-218" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-218"><span>[</span>218<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:Portrait_of_Niccol%C3%B2_Machiavelli_by_Santi_di_Tito.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Portrait_of_Niccol%C3%B2_Machiavelli_by_Santi_di_Tito.jpg/170px-Portrait_of_Niccol%C3%B2_Machiavelli_by_Santi_di_Tito.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="219" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1244" data-file-height="1600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 219px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Portrait_of_Niccol%C3%B2_Machiavelli_by_Santi_di_Tito.jpg/170px-Portrait_of_Niccol%C3%B2_Machiavelli_by_Santi_di_Tito.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="219" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Portrait_of_Niccol%C3%B2_Machiavelli_by_Santi_di_Tito.jpg/255px-Portrait_of_Niccol%C3%B2_Machiavelli_by_Santi_di_Tito.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Portrait_of_Niccol%C3%B2_Machiavelli_by_Santi_di_Tito.jpg/340px-Portrait_of_Niccol%C3%B2_Machiavelli_by_Santi_di_Tito.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nicolau_Maquiavel?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nicolau Maquiavel">Nicolau Maquiavel</a>, fundador da ciência política e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89tica?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ética">ética</a> modernas </figcaption> </figure> <p>Os autores do <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Renascen%C3%A7a_italiana?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Renascença italiana">Renascimento italiano</a> produziram vários trabalhos importantes. <i><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/O_Pr%C3%ADncipe?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="O Príncipe">O&nbsp;Príncipe</a></i>, de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nicolau_Maquiavel?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nicolau Maquiavel">Nicolau Maquiavel</a>, é um dos <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ensaio_(literatura)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ensaio (literatura)">ensaios</a> mais famosos do mundo sobre <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ci%C3%AAncia_pol%C3%ADtica?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ciência política">ciência política</a> e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Filosofia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Filosofia">filosofia</a> modernas, no qual a verdade efetiva é considerada mais importante do que qualquer ideal abstrato. Outro importante trabalho desse período, <i><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Orlando_Furioso?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Orlando Furioso">Orlando Furioso</a></i>, de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ludovico_Ariosto?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ludovico Ariosto">Ludovico Ariosto</a>, a continuação do <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Romance?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Romance">romance</a> inacabado de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Matteo_Maria_Boiardo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Matteo Maria Boiardo">Matteo Maria Boiardo</a>, <i><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Orlando_Innamorato?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Orlando Innamorato">Orlando Innamorato</a></i>, é talvez o maior poema de cavalaria alguma vez escrito. <i><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/O_Cortes%C3%A3o?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="O Cortesão">O&nbsp;Cortesão</a></i>, de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baldassare_Castiglione?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Baldassare Castiglione">Baldassare Castiglione</a>, descreve o ideal do perfeito cavalheiro da corte e da beleza espiritual.<sup id="cite_ref-219" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-219"><span>[</span>219<span>]</span></a></sup> O poeta lírico <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Torquato_Tasso?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Torquato Tasso">Torquato Tasso</a>, em <i><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jerusal%C3%A9m_Libertada?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jerusalém Libertada">Jerusalém Libertada</a></i>, escreveu um <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89pico_(g%C3%A9nero)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Épico (género)">épico</a> cristão, fazendo uso da <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oitava_(poesia)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oitava (poesia)">oitava rima</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-220" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-220"><span>[</span>220<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BritLite_221-0" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-BritLite-221"><span>[</span>221<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Giovanni_Francesco_Straparola?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Giovanni Francesco Straparola">Giovanni Francesco Straparola</a> e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Giambattista_Basile?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Giambattista Basile">Giambattista Basile</a>, que escreveram <i><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/As_noites_agrad%C3%A1veis?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="As noites agradáveis">As noites agradáveis</a></i> <span style="white-space:nowrap">(1550–1555)</span> e <i><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pentamerone?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pentamerone">Il&nbsp;Pentamerone</a></i> (1634), respectivamente, publicaram algumas das primeiras versões conhecidas de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Contos_de_fadas?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Contos de fadas">contos de fadas</a> na Europa.<sup id="cite_ref-222" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-222"><span>[</span>222<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-223" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-223"><span>[</span>223<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-224" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-224"><span>[</span>224<span>]</span></a></sup> No início do <span style="white-space:nowrap;">século XVII</span>, algumas obras literárias foram criadas, como o longo poema mitológico de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Giambattista_Marino?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Giambattista Marino">Giambattista Marino</a>, <i>L'Adone</i>. O período <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Barroco?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Barroco">barroco</a> também produziu a clara prosa científica de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Galileu?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Galileu">Galileu</a>, bem como <i><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/A_Cidade_do_Sol?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="A Cidade do Sol">A Cidade do Sol</a></i>, de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tommaso_Campanella?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tommaso Campanella">Tommaso Campanella</a>, uma descrição de uma sociedade perfeita governada por um filósofo-sacerdote. No final do <span style="white-space:nowrap;">século XVII</span>, os <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arcadianos?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Arcadianos">arcadianos</a> começaram um movimento para restaurar a simplicidade e a contenção clássica à poesia, como nos heroicos melodramas de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Metastasio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Metastasio">Metastasio</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-BritLite_221-1" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-BritLite-221"><span>[</span>221<span>]</span></a></sup> No <span style="white-space:nowrap;">século XVIII</span>, o dramaturgo <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Carlo_Goldoni?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Carlo Goldoni">Carlo Goldoni</a> criou peças escritas completas, muitas retratando o cotidiano de sua época.<sup id="cite_ref-225" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-225"><span>[</span>225<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:Pinocchio.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Pinocchio.jpg/170px-Pinocchio.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="234" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="705"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 234px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Pinocchio.jpg/170px-Pinocchio.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="234" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Pinocchio.jpg/255px-Pinocchio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Pinocchio.jpg/340px-Pinocchio.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pin%C3%B3quio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pinóquio">Pinóquio</a>, o personagem-título de <i><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/As_Aventuras_de_Pin%C3%B3quio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="As Aventuras de Pinóquio">As Aventuras de Pinóquio</a></i>, de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Carlo_Collodi?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Carlo Collodi">Carlo Collodi</a>, um ícone cultural e uma peça canônica da <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Literatura_infantil?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Literatura infantil">literatura infantil</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Gasparini_226-0" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Gasparini-226"><span>[</span>226<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-227" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-227"><span>[</span>227<span>]</span></a></sup> </figcaption> </figure> <p>O <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Romantismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Romantismo">romantismo</a> coincidiu com algumas ideias do <i><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Risorgimento?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Risorgimento">Risorgimento</a></i>, o movimento patriótico que trouxe a unidade política da Itália e a liberdade da dominação estrangeira. Escritores italianos abraçaram o romantismo no início do <span style="white-space:nowrap;">século XIX</span>. A época do renascimento da Itália foi anunciada pelos poetas <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vittorio_Alfieri?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vittorio Alfieri">Vittorio Alfieri</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ugo_Foscolo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ugo Foscolo">Ugo Foscolo</a> e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Giacomo_Leopardi?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Giacomo Leopardi">Giacomo Leopardi</a>. As obras de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alessandro_Manzoni?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alessandro Manzoni">Alessandro Manzoni</a>, o principal autor romântico italiano, são um símbolo da unificação italiana por sua mensagem patriótica e por seus esforços no desenvolvimento da moderna e unificada língua italiana; sua obra <i><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Os_Noivos?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Os Noivos">Os&nbsp;Noivos</a></i> foi o primeiro <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Romance_hist%C3%B3rico?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Romance histórico">romance histórico</a> italiano a glorificar os valores cristãos da justiça e da providência, sendo considerado o romance em língua italiana mais famoso e mais lido.<sup id="cite_ref-Archibald_Colquhoun_1954_228-0" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Archibald_Colquhoun_1954-228"><span>[</span>228<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>No final do <span style="white-space:nowrap;">século XIX</span>, um movimento literário <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Realismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Realismo">realista</a> chamado <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Verismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Verismo">verismo</a> desempenhou um papel importante na literatura italiana; <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Giovanni_Verga?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Giovanni Verga">Giovanni Verga</a> e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Luigi_Capuana?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Luigi Capuana">Luigi Capuana</a> foram seus principais expoentes. No mesmo período, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Emilio_Salgari?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Emilio Salgari">Emilio Salgari</a>, escritor de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Swashbuckler?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Swashbuckler">literatura de capa e espada</a><sup id="cite_ref-gmarr_229-0" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-gmarr-229"><span>[</span>229<span>]</span></a></sup> e pioneiro da <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fic%C3%A7%C3%A3o_cient%C3%ADfica?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ficção científica">ficção científica</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-230" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-230"><span>[</span>230<span>]</span></a></sup> publicou sua série <i><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sandokan?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sandokan">Sandokan</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-gmarr_229-1" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-gmarr-229"><span>[</span>229<span>]</span></a></sup> Em 1883, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Carlo_Collodi?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Carlo Collodi">Carlo Collodi</a> também publicou o romance <i><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/As_Aventuras_de_Pin%C3%B3quio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="As Aventuras de Pinóquio">As Aventuras de Pinóquio</a></i>, o clássico infantil de um autor italiano mais celebrado mundialmente e o livro não religioso mais traduzido do mundo.<sup id="cite_ref-Gasparini_226-1" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Gasparini-226"><span>[</span>226<span>]</span></a></sup> O movimento chamado <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Futurismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Futurismo">futurismo</a> influenciou a literatura italiana no início do <span style="white-space:nowrap;">século XX</span>. <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Filippo_Tommaso_Marinetti?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Filippo Tommaso Marinetti">Filippo Tommaso Marinetti</a> escreveu o <i><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Manifesto_Futurista?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Manifesto Futurista">Manifesto Futurista</a></i>, clamando pelo uso de linguagem e metáforas que glorificavam a velocidade, o dinamismo e a violência da era da máquina.<sup id="cite_ref-231" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-231"><span>[</span>231<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Até 2018, seis autores literários foram distinguidos com <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pr%C3%A9mio_Nobel?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Prémio Nobel">Prêmio Nobel</a>: <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Giosu%C3%A8_Carducci?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Giosuè Carducci">Giosuè Carducci</a> em 1906, a escritora realista <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Grazia_Deledda?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Grazia Deledda">Grazia Deledda</a> em 1926, o <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dramaturgo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dramaturgo">dramaturgo</a> e poeta <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Luigi_Pirandello?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Luigi Pirandello">Luigi Pirandello</a> em 1934, os poetas <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Salvatore_Quasimodo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Salvatore Quasimodo">Salvatore Quasimodo</a> em 1959 e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eugenio_Montale?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eugenio Montale">Eugenio Montale</a> em 1975 e o autor satírico e teatral <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dario_Fo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dario Fo">Dario Fo</a> em 1997.<sup id="cite_ref-232" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-232"><span>[</span>232<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Arquitetura">Arquitetura</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=It%C3%A1lia&amp;action=edit&amp;section=33&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editar secção: Arquitetura" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>editar</span> </a> </span> </div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Ver também: <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arquitetura_do_Renascimento?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arquitetura do Renascimento">Arquitetura do Renascimento</a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r68913260/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"> <div class="thumb tmulti tleft"> <div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:224px;max-width:224px"> <div class="trow"> <div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"> <div class="thumbimage"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:Pisa_Duomo.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Pisa_Duomo.jpg/220px-Pisa_Duomo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="117" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3140" data-file-height="1672"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 117px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Pisa_Duomo.jpg/220px-Pisa_Duomo.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="220" data-height="117" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Pisa_Duomo.jpg/330px-Pisa_Duomo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Pisa_Duomo.jpg/440px-Pisa_Duomo.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Torre_de_Pisa?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Torre de Pisa">Torre</a> e <i><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catedral_de_Pisa?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Catedral de Pisa">Duomo</a></i> de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pisa?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pisa">Pisa</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Patrim%C3%B4nio_Mundial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Patrimônio Mundial">Patrimônio Mundial</a> pela <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/UNESCO?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a><sup id="cite_ref-233" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-233"><span>[</span>233<span>]</span></a></sup> e exemplos de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arquitetura_rom%C3%A2nica?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arquitetura românica">arquitetura românica</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-234" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-234"><span>[</span>234<span>]</span></a></sup> </div> </div> </div> <div class="trow"> <div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"> <div class="thumbimage"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:Reggia_di_Caserta,_prospettiva_dalla_fontana_di_Venere_e_Adone_-_panoramio.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Reggia_di_Caserta%2C_prospettiva_dalla_fontana_di_Venere_e_Adone_-_panoramio.jpg/220px-Reggia_di_Caserta%2C_prospettiva_dalla_fontana_di_Venere_e_Adone_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4752" data-file-height="3168"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Reggia_di_Caserta%2C_prospettiva_dalla_fontana_di_Venere_e_Adone_-_panoramio.jpg/220px-Reggia_di_Caserta%2C_prospettiva_dalla_fontana_di_Venere_e_Adone_-_panoramio.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Reggia_di_Caserta%2C_prospettiva_dalla_fontana_di_Venere_e_Adone_-_panoramio.jpg/330px-Reggia_di_Caserta%2C_prospettiva_dalla_fontana_di_Venere_e_Adone_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Reggia_di_Caserta%2C_prospettiva_dalla_fontana_di_Venere_e_Adone_-_panoramio.jpg/440px-Reggia_di_Caserta%2C_prospettiva_dalla_fontana_di_Venere_e_Adone_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pal%C3%A1cio_Real_de_Caserta?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Palácio Real de Caserta">Palácio Real de Caserta</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <p>A arquitetura italiana apresenta numerosos estilos, muito diversificados entre si, que não podem ser simplesmente classificados por período, mas também por região, devido à divisão da Itália em várias <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cidades-Estado?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Cidades-Estado">cidades-Estado</a> até 1861, o que originou uma gama muito diversificada e eclética em projetos arquitetônicos.<sup id="cite_ref-just_235-0" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-just-235"><span>[</span>235<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Eyewitness_Travel_236-0" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Eyewitness_Travel-236"><span>[</span>236<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>O país é conhecido por suas consideráveis realizações arquitetônicas, como a construção de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arco_(arquitetura)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Arco (arquitetura)">arcos</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/C%C3%BApula?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cúpula">cúpulas</a> e estruturas afins durante a <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Roma_antiga?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Roma antiga">Roma antiga</a>, ser o fundador do <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arquitetura_do_Renascimento?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arquitetura do Renascimento">movimento arquitetônico renascentista</a> do final do <span style="white-space:nowrap;">século XIV</span> ao <span style="white-space:nowrap;">século XVI</span> e a terra natal do <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Palladianismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Palladianismo">Palladianismo</a>, um estilo de construção que inspirou movimentos como o da <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arquitetura_neocl%C3%A1ssica?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arquitetura neoclássica">arquitetura neoclássica</a> e influenciou o desenho usado nas casas de campo de nobres em todo o mundo, nomeadamente no <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Reino_Unido?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Reino Unido">Reino Unido</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Austr%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Austrália">Austrália</a> e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Estados_Unidos?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Estados Unidos">Estados Unidos</a> desde o final do <span style="white-space:nowrap;">século XVII</span> até o início do <span style="white-space:nowrap;">século XX</span>. Várias das mais belas obras da arquitetura ocidental, como o <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Coliseu?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Coliseu">Coliseu</a>, a <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catedral_de_Mil%C3%A3o?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Catedral de Milão">Catedral de Milão</a>, a <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catedral_de_Floren%C3%A7a?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Catedral de Florença">Catedral de Florença</a>, a <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Torre_de_Pisa?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Torre de Pisa">Torre de Pisa</a> ou os projetos de construção de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Veneza?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Veneza">Veneza</a>, encontram-se na Itália.<sup id="cite_ref-just_235-1" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-just-235"><span>[</span>235<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Eyewitness_Travel_236-1" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Eyewitness_Travel-236"><span>[</span>236<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>A arquitetura italiana influenciou amplamente a arquitetura mundial. O arquiteto britânico <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inigo_Jones?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Inigo Jones">Inigo Jones</a>, inspirado pelos projetos de edifícios e cidades italianas, nomeadamente de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Andrea_Palladio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Andrea Palladio">Andrea Palladio</a>, levou para a <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inglaterra?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Inglaterra">Inglaterra</a> do <span style="white-space:nowrap;">século XVII</span> as ideias de arquitetura renascentista italiana para, sendo.<sup id="cite_ref-237" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-237"><span>[</span>237<span>]</span></a></sup> Além disso, a arquitetura italiana era popular em áreas exteriores desde o <span style="white-space:nowrap;">século XIX</span>, especialmente em projetos com inspiração na arquitetura renascentista.<sup id="cite_ref-just_235-2" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-just-235"><span>[</span>235<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Eyewitness_Travel_236-2" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Eyewitness_Travel-236"><span>[</span>236<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Na primeira metade do <span style="white-space:nowrap;">século XVIII</span>, é construído o exemplo mais significativo do <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Barroco?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Barroco">barroco</a> tardio e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rococ%C3%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rococó">rococó</a>: a <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Palazzina_di_caccia_di_Stupinigi?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Palazzina di caccia di Stupinigi">Palazzina di caccia di Stupinigi</a>, projetado por <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Filippo_Juvarra?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Filippo Juvarra">Filippo Juvarra</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-238" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-238"><span>[</span>238<span>]</span></a></sup> Ao mesmo tempo, no <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Reino_de_N%C3%A1poles?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Reino de Nápoles">Reino de Nápoles</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Luigi_Vanvitelli?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Luigi Vanvitelli">Luigi Vanvitelli</a> inicia em 1752 a construção do <i><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Reggia_di_Caserta?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Reggia di Caserta">Reggia di Caserta</a></i>, a última grande criação do barroco italiano.<sup id="cite_ref-Eyewitness_Travel_236-3" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Eyewitness_Travel-236"><span>[</span>236<span>]</span></a></sup> Após a segunda metade do <span style="white-space:nowrap;">século XIX</span>, a <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arquitetura_neocl%C3%A1ssica_na_It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arquitetura neoclássica na Itália">arquitetura neoclássica italiana</a>, mesmo na sua variante <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arquitetura_neogrega?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arquitetura neogrega">neogrega</a>, produziu várias obras valiosas, tais como a grande <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bas%C3%ADlica_de_S%C3%A3o_Francisco_de_Paula?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Basílica de São Francisco de Paula">Basílica de São Francisco de Paula</a>, em Nápoles.<sup id="cite_ref-Eyewitness_Travel_236-4" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Eyewitness_Travel-236"><span>[</span>236<span>]</span></a></sup> Com a unificação da Itália, o que prevaleceu foi o estilo <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Neorrenascen%C3%A7a?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Neorrenascença">neorenascentista</a> ou, mais comumente, o <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arquitetura_ecl%C3%A9tica?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arquitetura eclética">ecletismo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Eyewitness_Travel_236-5" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Eyewitness_Travel-236"><span>[</span>236<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Artes_visuais">Artes visuais</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=It%C3%A1lia&amp;action=edit&amp;section=34&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editar secção: Artes visuais" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>editar</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:%C3%9Altima_Cena_-_Da_Vinci_5.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/%C3%9Altima_Cena_-_Da_Vinci_5.jpg/310px-%C3%9Altima_Cena_-_Da_Vinci_5.jpg" decoding="async" width="310" height="175" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="5193" data-file-height="2926"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 310px;height: 175px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/%C3%9Altima_Cena_-_Da_Vinci_5.jpg/310px-%C3%9Altima_Cena_-_Da_Vinci_5.jpg" data-width="310" data-height="175" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/%C3%9Altima_Cena_-_Da_Vinci_5.jpg/465px-%C3%9Altima_Cena_-_Da_Vinci_5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/%C3%9Altima_Cena_-_Da_Vinci_5.jpg/620px-%C3%9Altima_Cena_-_Da_Vinci_5.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> <i><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/A_%C3%9Altima_Ceia_(Leonardo_da_Vinci)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="A Última Ceia (Leonardo da Vinci)">A Última Ceia</a></i> de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Leonardo_da_Vinci?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Leonardo da Vinci">Leonardo da Vinci</a> </figcaption> </figure> <div class="hatnote"> <span typeof="mw:File"><span> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/17px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="663" data-file-height="659"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 17px;height: 17px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/17px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="17" data-height="17" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/26px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/34px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></span></span>Ver artigos principais: <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arte_da_It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arte da Itália">Arte da Itália</a> e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pintura_da_It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pintura da Itália">Pintura da Itália</a> </div> <p>A história das <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artes_visuais?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artes visuais">artes visuais</a> italianas faz parte da história da <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pintura_ocidental?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Pintura ocidental">pintura ocidental</a>. A <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arte_romana?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Arte romana">arte romana</a> foi influenciada pela <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arte_da_Gr%C3%A9cia_Antiga?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arte da Grécia Antiga">da Grécia Antiga</a> e pode, em parte, ser tomada como um descendente da pintura grega antiga. No entanto, a pintura romana tem importantes características únicas; as sobreviventes são <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Muralismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Muralismo">pinturas murais</a>, muitas delas das <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vila_(Roma_Antiga)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vila (Roma Antiga)">vilas</a> da <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Camp%C3%A2nia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Campânia">Campânia</a>, no sul da Itália. Essa pintura pode ser agrupada em 4 "estilos" ou períodos principais<sup id="cite_ref-239" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-239"><span>[</span>239<span>]</span></a></sup> e pode conter os primeiros exemplos de <i><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Trompe-l%27oeil?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Trompe-l'oeil">trompe-l'oeil</a></i>, pseudo-perspectiva e paisagem pura.<sup id="cite_ref-240" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-240"><span>[</span>240<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>A pintura em painel torna-se mais comum durante o <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arte_rom%C3%A2nica?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arte românica">período românico</a>, sob a forte influência de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%8Dcone?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ícone">ícones</a> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arte_bizantina?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arte bizantina">bizantinos</a>. Em meados do <span style="white-space:nowrap;">século XIII</span>, a <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arte_medieval?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Arte medieval">arte medieval</a> e a <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arte_g%C3%B3tica?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arte gótica">pintura gótica</a> tornaram-se mais realistas, com o início do interesse na representação de volume e perspectiva na Itália com <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cimabue?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cimabue">Cimabue</a> e, em seguida, seu aluno <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Giotto?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Giotto">Giotto</a>. De Giotto em diante, o tratamento da composição pelos melhores pintores também foi muito mais livre e inovador. Eles são considerados os dois grandes mestres da pintura na <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cultura_ocidental?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cultura ocidental">cultura ocidental</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-241" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-241"><span>[</span>241<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Arte_242-0" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Arte-242"><span>[</span>242<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:Michelangelo%27s_David_2015.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Michelangelo%27s_David_2015.jpg/170px-Michelangelo%27s_David_2015.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="272" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2388" data-file-height="3824"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 272px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Michelangelo%27s_David_2015.jpg/170px-Michelangelo%27s_David_2015.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="272" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Michelangelo%27s_David_2015.jpg/255px-Michelangelo%27s_David_2015.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Michelangelo%27s_David_2015.jpg/340px-Michelangelo%27s_David_2015.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/David_(Michelangelo)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="David (Michelangelo)">David</a> de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Michelangelo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Michelangelo">Michelangelo</a> </figcaption> </figure> <p>O <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Renascimento_italiano?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Renascimento italiano">Renascimento italiano</a> é apontado por muitos como a era de ouro da pintura; aproximadamente, abrangendo o <span style="white-space:nowrap;">século XIV</span> até meados do <span style="white-space:nowrap;">século XVII</span>, com uma influência significativa também fora das fronteiras da Itália moderna. Artistas como <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Paolo_Uccello?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Paolo Uccello">Paolo Uccello</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fra_Angelico?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fra Angelico">Fra Angelico</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Masaccio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Masaccio">Masaccio</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Piero_della_Francesca?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Piero della Francesca">Piero della Francesca</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Andrea_Mantegna?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Andrea Mantegna">Andrea Mantegna</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Filippo_Lippi?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Filippo Lippi">Filippo Lippi</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Giorgione?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Giorgione">Giorgione</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tintoretto?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tintoretto">Tintoretto</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sandro_Botticelli?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sandro Botticelli">Sandro Botticelli</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Leonardo_da_Vinci?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Leonardo da Vinci">Leonardo da Vinci</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Michelangelo_Buonarroti?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Michelangelo Buonarroti">Michelangelo Buonarroti</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rafael?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rafael">Rafael</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Giovanni_Bellini?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Giovanni Bellini">Giovanni Bellini</a> e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ticiano?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ticiano">Ticiano</a> elevaram a <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pintura_da_Renascen%C3%A7a_Italiana?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pintura da Renascença Italiana">pintura italiana renascentista</a> a um nível superior o uso da perspectiva, o estudo da anatomia e a proporção humana, além do desenvolvimento de um refinamento sem precedentes nas técnicas de desenho e pintura. <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Michelangelo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Michelangelo">Michelangelo</a> foi um escultor ativo de cerca de 1500 a 1520 e fez grandes obras, como <i><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/David_(Michelangelo)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="David (Michelangelo)">David</a></i>, <i><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Piet%C3%A0_(Michelangelo)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pietà (Michelangelo)">Pietà</a></i>, <i><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mois%C3%A9s_(Michelangelo)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Moisés (Michelangelo)">Moisés</a></i>. Outros proeminentes escultores renascentistas incluem <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lorenzo_Ghiberti?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lorenzo Ghiberti">Lorenzo Ghiberti</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Luca_Della_Robbia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Luca Della Robbia">Luca Della Robbia</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Donatello?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Donatello">Donatello</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Filippo_Brunelleschi?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Filippo Brunelleschi">Filippo Brunelleschi</a> e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Andrea_del_Verrocchio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Andrea del Verrocchio">Andrea del Verrocchio</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Arte_242-1" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Arte-242"><span>[</span>242<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hartt_243-0" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Hartt-243"><span>[</span>243<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Nos séculos XV e XVI, a <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alta_Renascen%C3%A7a?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alta Renascença">Alta Renascença</a> deu origem a uma arte estilizada conhecida como <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Maneirismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Maneirismo">maneirismo</a>, que buscava instabilidade, artifício e dúvida. Os rostos e gestos imperturbáveis de Piero della Francesca e as tranquilas Virgens de Rafael são substituídos pelas expressões conturbadas de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pontormo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pontormo">Pontormo</a> e pela intensidade emocional de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/El_Greco?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="El Greco">El Greco</a>. No <span style="white-space:nowrap;">século XVII</span>, entre os maiores pintores do <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Barroco_italiano?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Barroco italiano">barroco italiano</a> estão <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Caravaggio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Caravaggio">Caravaggio</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Annibale_Carracci?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Annibale Carracci">Annibale Carracci</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Artemisia_Gentileschi?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Artemisia Gentileschi">Artemisia Gentileschi</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mattia_Preti?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mattia Preti">Mattia Preti</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Carlo_Saraceni?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Carlo Saraceni">Carlo Saraceni</a> e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bartolomeo_Manfredi?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bartolomeo Manfredi">Bartolomeo Manfredi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Arte_242-2" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Arte-242"><span>[</span>242<span>]</span></a></sup> Posteriormente, no <span style="white-space:nowrap;">século XVIII</span>, o <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rococ%C3%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rococó">rococó</a> italiano foi inspirado no rococó francês, já que a <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="França">França</a> era a nação fundadora desse estilo em particular, com artistas como <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Giovanni_Battista_Tiepolo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Giovanni Battista Tiepolo">Giovanni Battista Tiepolo</a> e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Canaletto?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Canaletto">Canaletto</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-244" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-244"><span>[</span>244<span>]</span></a></sup> Escultura <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Neocl%C3%A1ssica?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Neoclássica">neoclássica</a> italiana focada, com os nus de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Antonio_Canova?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Antonio Canova">Antonio Canova</a>, no aspecto idealista do movimento.<sup id="cite_ref-Arte_242-3" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Arte-242"><span>[</span>242<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-245" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-245"><span>[</span>245<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>No <span style="white-space:nowrap;">século XIX</span>, os principais pintores românticos italianos eram <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Francesco_Hayez?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Francesco Hayez">Francesco Hayez</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Giuseppe_Bezzuoli?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Giuseppe Bezzuoli">Giuseppe Bezzuoli</a> e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Francesco_Podesti?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Francesco Podesti">Francesco Podesti</a>. O <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Impressionismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Impressionismo">impressionismo</a> foi trazido da França para a Itália pelos <i><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Macchiaioli?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Macchiaioli">Macchiaioli</a></i>, liderados por <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Giovanni_Fattori?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Giovanni Fattori">Giovanni Fattori</a> e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Giovanni_Boldini?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Giovanni Boldini">Giovanni Boldini</a>; o <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Realismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Realismo">realismo</a> por <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gioacchino_Toma?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gioacchino Toma">Gioacchino Toma</a> e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Giuseppe_Pellizza_da_Volpedo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Giuseppe Pellizza da Volpedo">Giuseppe Pellizza da Volpedo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-246" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-246"><span>[</span>246<span>]</span></a></sup> No <span style="white-space:nowrap;">século XX</span>, com o <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Futurismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Futurismo">futurismo</a>, principalmente através das obras de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Umberto_Boccioni?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Umberto Boccioni">Umberto Boccioni</a> e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Giacomo_Balla?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Giacomo Balla">Giacomo Balla</a>, a Itália ressurgiu como um país seminal para a evolução artística da pintura e da escultura.<sup id="cite_ref-Arte_242-4" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Arte-242"><span>[</span>242<span>]</span></a></sup> O futurismo foi sucedido pelas pinturas metafísicas de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Giorgio_de_Chirico?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Giorgio de Chirico">Giorgio de Chirico</a>, que exerceram forte influência sobre os <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Surrealismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Surrealismo">surrealistas</a> e gerações de artistas a seguir.<sup id="cite_ref-247" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-247"><span>[</span>247<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Música"><span id="M.C3.BAsica"></span>Música</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=It%C3%A1lia&amp;action=edit&amp;section=35&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editar secção: Música" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>editar</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="hatnote"> <span typeof="mw:File"><span> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/17px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="663" data-file-height="659"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 17px;height: 17px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/17px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="17" data-height="17" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/26px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/34px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></span></span>Ver artigo principal: <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/M%C3%BAsica_da_It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Música da Itália">Música da Itália</a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r68913260/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"> <div class="thumb tmulti tright"> <div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:224px;max-width:224px"> <div class="trow"> <div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"> <div class="thumbimage"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:Giacomo_Puccini_pianoforte.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Giacomo_Puccini_pianoforte.jpg/220px-Giacomo_Puccini_pianoforte.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1152" data-file-height="768"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Giacomo_Puccini_pianoforte.jpg/220px-Giacomo_Puccini_pianoforte.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Giacomo_Puccini_pianoforte.jpg/330px-Giacomo_Puccini_pianoforte.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Giacomo_Puccini_pianoforte.jpg/440px-Giacomo_Puccini_pianoforte.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Giacomo_Puccini?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Giacomo Puccini">Giacomo Puccini</a>, compositor italiano cujas óperas, incluindo <i><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/La_boh%C3%A8me?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="La bohème">La bohème</a></i>, <i><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tosca?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tosca">Tosca</a></i>, <i><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Madama_Butterfly?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Madama Butterfly">Madama Butterfly</a></i> e <i><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Turandot?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Turandot">Turandot</a></i>, estão entre as mais frequentemente realizadas em todo o mundo no repertório padrão.<sup id="cite_ref-248" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-248"><span>[</span>248<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-249" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-249"><span>[</span>249<span>]</span></a></sup> </div> </div> </div> <div class="trow"> <div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"> <div class="thumbimage"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:Luciano_Pavarotti_in_Saint_Petersburg.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Luciano_Pavarotti_in_Saint_Petersburg.jpg/220px-Luciano_Pavarotti_in_Saint_Petersburg.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="334"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Luciano_Pavarotti_in_Saint_Petersburg.jpg/220px-Luciano_Pavarotti_in_Saint_Petersburg.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Luciano_Pavarotti_in_Saint_Petersburg.jpg/330px-Luciano_Pavarotti_in_Saint_Petersburg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Luciano_Pavarotti_in_Saint_Petersburg.jpg/440px-Luciano_Pavarotti_in_Saint_Petersburg.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Luciano_Pavarotti?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Luciano Pavarotti">Luciano Pavarotti</a>, um dos mais famosos <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tenor?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tenor">tenores</a> de todos os tempos </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <p>Da folclórica à clássica, a música sempre desempenhou um papel importante na cultura italiana. Instrumentos associados à <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/M%C3%BAsica_cl%C3%A1ssica?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Música clássica">música clássica</a>, incluindo o <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Piano?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Piano">piano</a> e o <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Violino?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Violino">violino</a>, foram inventados na Itália,<sup id="cite_ref-250" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-250"><span>[</span>250<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-251" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-251"><span>[</span>251<span>]</span></a></sup> e a origem de muitas das formas de música clássica predominantes, como a <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sinfonia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sinfonia">sinfonia</a>, o <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Concerto?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Concerto">concerto</a> e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sonata?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sonata">sonata</a>, remontam às inovações de música italiana dos séculos XVI e XVII.<sup id="cite_ref-Arte_242-5" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Arte-242"><span>[</span>242<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Os compositores mais famosos da Itália incluem os compositores renascentistas <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Palestrina?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Palestrina">Palestrina</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Monteverdi?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Monteverdi">Monteverdi</a> e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gesualdo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gesualdo">Gesualdo</a>, os compositores <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/M%C3%BAsica_barroca?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Música barroca">barrocos</a> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Domenico_Scarlatti?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Domenico Scarlatti">Scarlatti</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arcangelo_Corelli?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arcangelo Corelli">Corelli</a> e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Antonio_Vivaldi?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Antonio Vivaldi">Vivaldi</a>, os compositores clássicos <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Paisiello?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Paisiello">Paisiello</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Paganini?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Paganini">Paganini</a> e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rossini?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Rossini">Rossini</a>, e os compositores <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/M%C3%BAsica_do_romantismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Música do romantismo">românticos</a> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Verdi?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Verdi">Verdi</a> e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Puccini?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Puccini">Puccini</a>. Os compositores italianos modernos, como <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Berio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Berio">Berio</a> e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Luigi_Nono?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Luigi Nono">Nono</a>, mostraram-se significativos no desenvolvimento da <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/M%C3%BAsica_experimental?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Música experimental">música experimental</a> e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/M%C3%BAsica_eletr%C3%B4nica?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Música eletrônica">eletrônica</a>. Apesar da tradição da música clássica ainda se manter forte na Itália, como evidenciado pela fama de suas inúmeras casas de ópera, como o <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Teatro_alla_Scala?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Teatro alla Scala">Teatro alla Scala</a> de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mil%C3%A3o?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Milão">Milão</a> e o <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Teatro_San_Carlo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Teatro San Carlo">Teatro San Carlo</a> de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/N%C3%A1poles?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nápoles">Nápoles</a> (o mais antigo local continuamente ativo para ópera pública no mundo),<sup id="cite_ref-SanCarlo_252-0" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-SanCarlo-252"><span>[</span>252<span>]</span></a></sup> e de artistas como o pianista <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Maurizio_Pollini?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Maurizio Pollini">Maurizio Pollini</a> e o falecido <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tenor?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tenor">tenor</a> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Luciano_Pavarotti?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Luciano Pavarotti">Luciano Pavarotti</a>, os italianos não têm menos apreço por sua próspera cena musical contemporânea.<sup id="cite_ref-Arte_242-6" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Arte-242"><span>[</span>242<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>A Itália é amplamente conhecida por ser o berço da <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%93pera?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ópera">ópera</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-books.google.co.uk_253-0" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-books.google.co.uk-253"><span>[</span>253<span>]</span></a></sup> Acredita-se que a <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%93pera_italiana?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ópera italiana">ópera italiana</a> tenha sido fundada no início do <span style="white-space:nowrap;">século XVII</span>, em cidades italianas como <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/M%C3%A2ntua?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mântua">Mântua</a> e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Veneza?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Veneza">Veneza</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-books.google.co.uk_253-1" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-books.google.co.uk-253"><span>[</span>253<span>]</span></a></sup> Mais tarde, obras e peças compostas por compositores italianos do <span style="white-space:nowrap;">século XIX</span> e início do <span style="white-space:nowrap;">século XX</span>, como Rossini, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vincenzo_Bellini?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vincenzo Bellini">Bellini</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Donizetti?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Donizetti">Donizetti</a>, Verdi e Puccini, estão entre as mais famosas óperas já escritas e hoje são apresentadas em óperas do mundo todo. Cantores famosos de ópera italiana incluem <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Enrico_Caruso?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Enrico Caruso">Enrico Caruso</a> e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alessandro_Bonci?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alessandro Bonci">Alessandro Bonci</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Arte_242-7" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Arte-242"><span>[</span>242<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Introduzido no início da década de 1920, o <i><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jazz?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jazz">jazz</a></i> ocupou uma posição particularmente forte na Itália e permaneceu popular apesar das políticas culturais <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Xenofobia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Xenofobia">xenófobas</a> do <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia_Fascista?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Itália Fascista">regime fascista</a>. Hoje, os mais notáveis centros do <i>jazz</i> italiano incluem Milão, Roma e Sicília. Mais tarde, a Itália esteve na vanguarda do movimento <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rock_progressivo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rock progressivo">rock progressivo</a> e do <i><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/M%C3%BAsica_pop?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Música pop">pop</a></i> dos anos 1970, com bandas como <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Premiata_Forneria_Marconi?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Premiata Forneria Marconi">Premiata Forneria Marconi</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Banco_del_Mutuo_Soccorso?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Banco del Mutuo Soccorso">Banco del Mutuo Soccorso</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Le_Orme?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Le Orme">Le Orme</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Goblin_(banda)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Goblin (banda)">Goblin</a> e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pooh_(banda)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pooh (banda)">Pooh</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-254" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-254"><span>[</span>254<span>]</span></a></sup> O mesmo período viu a diversificação no cinema da Itália e os filmes da <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cinecitt%C3%A0?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cinecittà">Cinecittà</a> incluíam <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Partitura?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Partitura">partituras</a> complexas de compositores como <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ennio_Morricone?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ennio Morricone">Ennio Morricone</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Armando_Trovaioli?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Armando Trovaioli">Armando Trovaioli</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Piero_Piccioni&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Piero Piccioni (página não existe)">Piero Piccioni</a> e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Piero_Umiliani?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Piero Umiliani">Piero Umiliani</a>. No início dos anos 1980, a primeira estrela a emergir da cena do <i><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hip_hop?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hip hop">hip hop</a></i> italiano foi o cantor <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jovanotti?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jovanotti">Jovanotti</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-255" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-255"><span>[</span>255<span>]</span></a></sup> Bandas de metal italianas populares como <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rhapsody_of_Fire?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rhapsody of Fire">Rhapsody of Fire</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lacuna_Coil?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lacuna Coil">Lacuna Coil</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Elvenking?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Elvenking">Elvenking</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Forgotten_Tomb?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Forgotten Tomb">Forgotten Tomb</a> e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fleshgod_Apocalypse?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fleshgod Apocalypse">Fleshgod Apocalypse</a> também são vistas como pioneiras de vários subgêneros de <i><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Heavy_metal?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Heavy metal">heavy metal</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-256" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-256"><span>[</span>256<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Teatro">Teatro</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=It%C3%A1lia&amp;action=edit&amp;section=36&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editar secção: Teatro" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>editar</span> </a> </span> </div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Ver também: <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Commedia_dell%27arte?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Commedia dell'arte">Commedia dell'arte</a> e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Teatro_da_Roma_Antiga?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Teatro da Roma Antiga">Teatro da Roma Antiga</a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:Arlecchino_und_Colombina_-_Giovanni_Domenico_Ferretti.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Arlecchino_und_Colombina_-_Giovanni_Domenico_Ferretti.jpg/170px-Arlecchino_und_Colombina_-_Giovanni_Domenico_Ferretti.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="220" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="371" data-file-height="480"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 220px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Arlecchino_und_Colombina_-_Giovanni_Domenico_Ferretti.jpg/170px-Arlecchino_und_Colombina_-_Giovanni_Domenico_Ferretti.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="220" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Arlecchino_und_Colombina_-_Giovanni_Domenico_Ferretti.jpg/255px-Arlecchino_und_Colombina_-_Giovanni_Domenico_Ferretti.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Arlecchino_und_Colombina_-_Giovanni_Domenico_Ferretti.jpg/340px-Arlecchino_und_Colombina_-_Giovanni_Domenico_Ferretti.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arlequim?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arlequim">Arlequim</a> e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Columbina?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Columbina">Columbina</a>, duas personagens da <i><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Commedia_dell%27arte?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Commedia dell'arte">Commedia dell'arte</a></i>, representadas por <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Giovanni_Domenico_Ferretti?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Giovanni Domenico Ferretti">Giovanni Domenico Ferretti</a> </figcaption> </figure> <p>O teatro italiano pode ser rastreado até à tradição romana. O <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Teatro_da_Roma_Antiga?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Teatro da Roma Antiga">teatro da Roma Antiga</a> era uma forma de arte diversificada e próspera, variando de apresentações em festivais de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Teatro_de_rua?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Teatro de rua">teatro de rua</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dan%C3%A7a?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dança">dança</a> nua e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Acrobacia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Acrobacia">acrobacia</a>, até à encenação das <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Com%C3%A9dia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Comédia">comédias</a> de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Plauto?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Plauto">Plauto</a>, até as <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Trag%C3%A9dia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tragédia">tragédias</a> de alto estilo e elaboradas verbalmente de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%AAneca?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Sêneca">Sêneca</a>. Embora Roma tivesse uma tradição nativa de representação, a <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Heleniza%C3%A7%C3%A3o?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Helenização">helenização</a> da <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cultura_romana?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Cultura romana">cultura romana</a> no <span style="white-space:nowrap;">século III a.C.</span> teve um efeito profundo e energizante no teatro romano e encorajou o desenvolvimento da literatura latina da mais alta qualidade para o palco. Como muitos outros gêneros literários, os <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dramaturgo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dramaturgo">dramaturgos</a> romanos eram fortemente influenciados ou tendiam a se adaptar ao grego. Por exemplo, a <i><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fedra_(S%C3%AAneca)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fedra (Sêneca)">Fedra</a></i> de Sêneca foi baseada em <i><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hip%C3%B3lito_(Eur%C3%ADpides)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hipólito (Eurípides)">Hipólito</a></i>, de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eur%C3%ADpides?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eurípides">Eurípides</a>, e muitas das comédias de Plauto foram traduções diretas de obras de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Menandro?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Menandro">Menandro</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Arte_242-8" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Arte-242"><span>[</span>242<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_257-0" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-:1-257"><span>[</span>257<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Durante o <span style="white-space:nowrap;">século XVI</span> e até o XVIII, a <i><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Commedia_dell%27arte?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Commedia dell'arte">Commedia dell'arte</a></i> era uma forma de teatro improvisado e ainda hoje é realizada. Grupos de músicos itinerantes montavam um palco ao ar livre e divertiam o público com <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malabarismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Malabarismo">malabarismo</a>, acrobacias e, mais tipicamente, peças humorísticas baseadas em um repertório de personagens estabelecidos com um enredo difícil, chamado <i><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Canovaccio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Canovaccio">canovaccio</a></i>. As peças não se originaram de dramatizações escritas, mas de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Roteiro?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Roteiro">roteiros</a> chamados <i>lazzi</i>, que eram estruturas soltas que forneciam as situações, complicações e resultados da ação, em torno dos quais os atores improvisavam. Os personagens da <i>commedia</i> geralmente representam tipos sociais fixos e personagens de ações, cada um com um traje distinto, como velhos tolos, servos desonestos ou oficiais militares muito fanfarrões. As principais categorias desses personagens incluem servos, velhos, amantes e capitães.<sup id="cite_ref-258" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-258"><span>[</span>258<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Carlo_Goldoni?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Carlo Goldoni">Carlo Goldoni</a>, que escreveu alguns roteiros a partir de 1734, substituiu a comédia de máscaras e a comédia de intriga por representações da vida e das maneiras reais através dos personagens e de seus comportamentos. Ele sustentava, com razão, que a vida e as maneiras italianas eram suscetíveis de tratamento artístico, o que não tinha sido explorado antes.<sup id="cite_ref-Arte_242-9" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Arte-242"><span>[</span>242<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-259" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-259"><span>[</span>259<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>O <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Teatro_San_Carlo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Teatro San Carlo">Teatro San Carlo</a>, em <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/N%C3%A1poles?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nápoles">Nápoles</a>, é o mais antigo local continuamente ativo para a <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%93pera?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ópera">ópera</a> pública do mundo, inaugurado em 1737, décadas antes dos teatros <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/La_Scala?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="La Scala">La Scala</a> de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mil%C3%A3o?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Milão">Milão</a> e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/La_Fenice?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="La Fenice">La Fenice</a> de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Veneza?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Veneza">Veneza</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-SanCarlo_252-1" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-SanCarlo-252"><span>[</span>252<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Moda_e_design">Moda e <i>design</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=It%C3%A1lia&amp;action=edit&amp;section=37&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editar secção: Moda e design" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>editar</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:Milan_Fashion_Week_2.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Milan_Fashion_Week_2.jpg/220px-Milan_Fashion_Week_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="5616" data-file-height="3744"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Milan_Fashion_Week_2.jpg/220px-Milan_Fashion_Week_2.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Milan_Fashion_Week_2.jpg/330px-Milan_Fashion_Week_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Milan_Fashion_Week_2.jpg/440px-Milan_Fashion_Week_2.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Semana_da_Moda_de_Mil%C3%A3o?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Semana da Moda de Milão">Semana da Moda de Milão</a> </figcaption> </figure> <p>A moda italiana tem uma longa tradição e é considerada uma das mais importantes do mundo. <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mil%C3%A3o?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Milão">Milão</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Floren%C3%A7a?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Florença">Florença</a> e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Roma?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Roma">Roma</a> são as principais <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Capitais_da_moda?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Capitais da moda">capitais da moda</a> da Itália. De acordo com o Top Global Fashion Rankings 2013 da Global Language Monitor, Roma ficou em sexto lugar no mundo, enquanto Milão estava em décimo segundo lugar.<sup id="cite_ref-260" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-260"><span>[</span>260<span>]</span></a></sup> As grandes <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Marca?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Marca">grifes</a> italianas, como <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gucci?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gucci">Gucci</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Armani?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Armani">Armani</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Prada?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Prada">Prada</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Versace?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Versace">Versace</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Valentino_(empresa)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Valentino (empresa)">Valentino</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dolce_%26_Gabbana?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dolce &amp; Gabbana">Dolce &amp; Gabbana</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Missoni?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Missoni">Missoni</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fendi?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fendi">Fendi</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Moschino?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Moschino">Moschino</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Max_Mara?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Max Mara">Max Mara</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Trussardi?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Trussardi">Trussardi</a> e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ferragamo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferragamo">Ferragamo</a>, para citar algumas, são consideradas das melhores casas de moda do mundo. Além disso, a <i><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vogue_(revista)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vogue (revista)">Vogue Italia</a></i> é considerada uma das mais conceituadas revistas de moda do mundo.<sup id="cite_ref-261" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-261"><span>[</span>261<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>A Itália também é proeminente no campo do <i><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Design?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Design">design</a></i>, notavelmente <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Design_de_interiores?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Design de interiores">design de interiores</a>, design arquitetônico, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Design_industrial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Design industrial">design industrial</a> e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Design_urbano?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Design urbano">design urbano</a>. O país produziu alguns renomados designers de móveis, como <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gio_Ponti?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gio Ponti">Gio Ponti</a> e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ettore_Sottsass?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ettore Sottsass">Ettore Sottsass</a>, e frases em italiano como "Bel Disegno" e "Linea Italiana" entraram no vocabulário do <i>design</i> de móveis.<sup id="cite_ref-262" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-262"><span>[</span>262<span>]</span></a></sup> Exemplos de peças clássicas de móveis e móveis brancos italianos incluem as máquinas de lavar e geladeiras da <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zanussi?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zanussi">Zanussi</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Insight_Guides_2004_p.220_263-0" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Insight_Guides_2004_p.220-263"><span>[</span>263<span>]</span></a></sup> os sofás "New Tone" da <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Atrium?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Atrium">Atrium</a><sup id="cite_ref-Insight_Guides_2004_p.220_263-1" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Insight_Guides_2004_p.220-263"><span>[</span>263<span>]</span></a></sup> e a estante pós-moderna de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ettore_Sottsass?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ettore Sottsass">Ettore Sottsass</a>, inspirada na música "Stuck Inside of Mobile with the Memphis Blues Again", de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bob_Dylan?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bob Dylan">Bob Dylan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Insight_Guides_2004_p.220_263-2" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Insight_Guides_2004_p.220-263"><span>[</span>263<span>]</span></a></sup> Hoje, Milão e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Turim?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Turim">Turim</a> são líderes do país em design arquitetônico e design industrial. A cidade de Milão recebe a <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fiera_Milano?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fiera Milano">Fiera Milano</a>, a maior feira de design da Europa.<sup id="cite_ref-wiley.com_264-0" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-wiley.com-264"><span>[</span>264<span>]</span></a></sup> Milão também hospeda grandes eventos e locais relacionados a design e arquitetura, como o "Fuori Salone" e o Salone del Mobile, além de abrigar os designers <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bruno_Munari?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bruno Munari">Bruno Munari</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lucio_Fontana?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lucio Fontana">Lucio Fontana</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Enrico_Castellani&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Enrico Castellani (página não existe)">Enrico Castellani</a> e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Piero_Manzoni?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Piero Manzoni">Piero Manzoni</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-265" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-265"><span>[</span>265<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Culinária"><span id="Culin.C3.A1ria"></span>Culinária</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=It%C3%A1lia&amp;action=edit&amp;section=38&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editar secção: Culinária" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>editar</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="hatnote"> <span typeof="mw:File"><span> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/17px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="663" data-file-height="659"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 17px;height: 17px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/17px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="17" data-height="17" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/26px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/34px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></span></span>Ver artigo principal: <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Culin%C3%A1ria_da_It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Culinária da Itália">Culinária da Itália</a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:Italian_food.JPG?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Italian_food.JPG/220px-Italian_food.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 220px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Italian_food.JPG/220px-Italian_food.JPG" data-width="220" data-height="220" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Italian_food.JPG/330px-Italian_food.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Italian_food.JPG/440px-Italian_food.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> Pratos italianos: <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pizza?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pizza">pizza</a> (<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pizza_Margherita?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pizza Margherita">margherita</a>); <i><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Massa_aliment%C3%ADcia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Massa alimentícia">pasta</a></i> (<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Carbonara?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Carbonara">carbonara</a>); <i><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Caf%C3%A9_expresso?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Café expresso">espresso</a></i> e <i><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gelato?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gelato">gelato</a></i> </figcaption> </figure> <p>A <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Culin%C3%A1ria_italiana?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Culinária italiana">culinária italiana</a> se desenvolveu através de séculos de mudanças sociais e políticas, com raízes desde o <span style="white-space:nowrap;">século IV a.C.</span> A cozinha local, por si só, sofre influências diversas, incluindo de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Etruscos?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Etruscos">etruscos</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gregos_antigos?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Gregos antigos">gregos antigos</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Romanos_antigos?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanos antigos">romanos antigos</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bizantinos?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Bizantinos">bizantinos</a> e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Judeus?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Judeus">judeus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-266" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-266"><span>[</span>266<span>]</span></a></sup> Mudanças significativas ocorreram com a descoberta do <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Novo_Mundo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Novo Mundo">Novo Mundo</a> com a introdução de itens como <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Batata?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Batata">batatas</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tomate?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tomate">tomates</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Piment%C3%B5es?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Pimentões">pimentões</a> e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Milho?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Milho">milho</a>, agora centrais para a culinária italiana, mas não introduzidos em quantidade significativa até o <span style="white-space:nowrap;">século XVIII</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-267" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-267"><span>[</span>267<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-268" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-268"><span>[</span>268<span>]</span></a></sup> A comida do país é conhecida por sua diversidade regional,<sup id="cite_ref-Culinária_269-0" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Culin%C3%A1ria-269"><span>[</span>269<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-270" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-270"><span>[</span>270<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-271" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-271"><span>[</span>271<span>]</span></a></sup> abundância de gostos, além de ser conhecida por ser uma das mais populares do mundo,<sup id="cite_ref-272" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-272"><span>[</span>272<span>]</span></a></sup> exercendo forte influência no exterior.<sup id="cite_ref-273" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-273"><span>[</span>273<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>A <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dieta_mediterr%C3%A2nica?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dieta mediterrânica">dieta mediterrânica</a> constitui a base da cozinha italiana, rica em <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Massa_(alimento)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Massa (alimento)">massas</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Peixe?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Peixe">peixe</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fruta?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fruta">frutas</a> e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vegetais?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Vegetais">vegetais</a> e caracterizada pela sua extrema simplicidade e variedade, com muitos pratos com apenas quatro a oito ingredientes.<sup id="cite_ref-274" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-274"><span>[</span>274<span>]</span></a></sup> Os cozinheiros italianos confiam principalmente na qualidade dos ingredientes e não na preparação elaborada.<sup id="cite_ref-275" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-275"><span>[</span>275<span>]</span></a></sup> Pratos e receitas são muitas vezes derivados da tradição local e familiar, em vez de criados por <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chef?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chef">chefs</a>. Muitas receitas são ideais para cozinhar em casa, sendo está uma das principais razões por trás da crescente popularidade mundial da culinária italiana, da <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Am%C3%A9rica?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="América">América</a><sup id="cite_ref-276" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-276"><span>[</span>276<span>]</span></a></sup> à <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%81sia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ásia">Ásia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-277" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-277"><span>[</span>277<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Um fator chave no sucesso da culinária italiana é sua forte dependência de produtos tradicionais; o país possui as especialidades mais tradicionais protegidas pela legislação da UE.<sup id="cite_ref-278" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-278"><span>[</span>278<span>]</span></a></sup> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Queijo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Queijo">Queijos</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Frios?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Frios">frios</a> e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vinho_italiano?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vinho italiano">vinho</a> (que são uma parte importante da culinária italiana, com muitas declinações regionais e rótulos de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Denomina%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_origem_protegida?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Denominação de origem protegida">denominação de origem protegida</a> ou <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Indica%C3%A7%C3%A3o_geogr%C3%A1fica_protegida?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Indicação geográfica protegida">indicação geográfica protegida</a>) e junto com o <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Caf%C3%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Café">café</a> (especialmente <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Caf%C3%A9_expresso?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Café expresso">café expresso</a>) compõem uma parte muito importante da cultura gastronômica italiana.<sup id="cite_ref-279" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-279"><span>[</span>279<span>]</span></a></sup> Sobremesas têm uma longa tradição de fusão de sabores locais, como <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Citrus?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Citrus">frutas cítricas</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pistache?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pistache">pistache</a> e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Am%C3%AAndoa?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Amêndoa">amêndoas</a> ,com queijos doces como <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mascarpone?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mascarpone">mascarpone</a> e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ricota?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ricota">ricota</a> ou sabores exóticos como <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cacau?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cacau">cacau</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baunilha?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Baunilha">baunilha</a> e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Canela?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Canela">canela</a>. <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gelato?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gelato">Gelato</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-280" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-280"><span>[</span>280<span>]</span></a></sup> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tiramis%C3%B9?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tiramisù">tiramisù</a><sup id="cite_ref-281" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-281"><span>[</span>281<span>]</span></a></sup> e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cassata?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Cassata">cassata</a> estão entre os exemplos mais famosos de sobremesas, bolos e confeitaria italianas.<sup id="cite_ref-Culinária_269-1" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Culin%C3%A1ria-269"><span>[</span>269<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Cinema">Cinema</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=It%C3%A1lia&amp;action=edit&amp;section=39&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editar secção: Cinema" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>editar</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="hatnote"> <span typeof="mw:File"><span> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/17px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="663" data-file-height="659"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 17px;height: 17px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/17px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="17" data-height="17" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/26px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/34px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></span></span>Ver artigo principal: <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cinema_da_It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cinema da Itália">Cinema da Itália</a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r68913260/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"> <div class="thumb tmulti tright"> <div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:224px;max-width:224px"> <div class="trow"> <div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"> <div class="thumbimage"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:Federico_Fellini_NYWTS_2.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Federico_Fellini_NYWTS_2.jpg/220px-Federico_Fellini_NYWTS_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="180" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2608" data-file-height="2137"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 180px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Federico_Fellini_NYWTS_2.jpg/220px-Federico_Fellini_NYWTS_2.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="220" data-height="180" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Federico_Fellini_NYWTS_2.jpg/330px-Federico_Fellini_NYWTS_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Federico_Fellini_NYWTS_2.jpg/440px-Federico_Fellini_NYWTS_2.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Federico_Fellini?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Federico Fellini">Federico Fellini</a>, um dos maiores diretores de cinema da história.<sup id="cite_ref-282" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-282"><span>[</span>282<span>]</span></a></sup> </div> </div> </div> <div class="trow"> <div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"> <div class="thumbimage"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:Cinecitt%C3%A0_-_Entrance.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Cinecitt%C3%A0_-_Entrance.jpg/220px-Cinecitt%C3%A0_-_Entrance.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3830" data-file-height="2758"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 158px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Cinecitt%C3%A0_-_Entrance.jpg/220px-Cinecitt%C3%A0_-_Entrance.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="220" data-height="158" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Cinecitt%C3%A0_-_Entrance.jpg/330px-Cinecitt%C3%A0_-_Entrance.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Cinecitt%C3%A0_-_Entrance.jpg/440px-Cinecitt%C3%A0_-_Entrance.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> Entrada do <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cinecitt%C3%A0?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cinecittà">Cinecittà</a> em Roma, o maior estúdio de filme da Europa </div> </div> </div> <div class="trow"> <div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"> <div class="thumbimage"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:65th_venice_film_festival.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/65th_venice_film_festival.jpg/220px-65th_venice_film_festival.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="412"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 151px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/65th_venice_film_festival.jpg/220px-65th_venice_film_festival.jpg" data-alt="" data-width="220" data-height="151" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/65th_venice_film_festival.jpg/330px-65th_venice_film_festival.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/65th_venice_film_festival.jpg/440px-65th_venice_film_festival.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> O <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Festival_de_Cinema_de_Veneza?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Festival de Cinema de Veneza">Festival de Cinema de Veneza</a> é o <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Festival_de_cinema?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Festival de cinema">festival de cinema</a> mais antigo do mundo e um dos "Três Grandes", ao lado de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Festival_de_Cinema_de_Cannes?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Festival de Cinema de Cannes">Cannes</a> e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Festival_de_Cinema_de_Berlim?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Festival de Cinema de Berlim">Berlim</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-VeniceFilmFest_283-0" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-VeniceFilmFest-283"><span>[</span>283<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-284" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-284"><span>[</span>284<span>]</span></a></sup> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <p>A história do cinema italiano começa alguns meses depois dos <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Auguste_e_Louis_Lumi%C3%A8re?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Auguste e Louis Lumière">Irmãos Lumière</a> fazerem as primeiras exibições de filmes. O primeiro filme italiano tinha apenas alguns segundos, mostrando o <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Papa_Le%C3%A3o_XIII?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Papa Leão XIII">Papa Leão&nbsp;XIII</a> dando uma bênção em frente à câmera. A indústria de filmes italianos nasceu entre 1903 e 1908 com três empresas: a Società Italiana Cines, a Ambrosio Film e a Itala Film. Outras empresas logo as seguiram em Milão e Nápoles. Em pouco tempo essas primeiras empresas atingiram bons níveis de qualidade em suas produções e seus filmes logo foram vendidos fora da Itália. O cinema foi depois usado por <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Benito_Mussolini?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Benito Mussolini">Benito Mussolini</a>, que fundou o renomado estúdio <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cinecitt%C3%A0?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cinecittà">Cinecittà</a> em Roma, para a produção de propaganda fascista até à Segunda Guerra Mundial.<sup id="cite_ref-285" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-285"><span>[</span>285<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Depois da Guerra, filmes italianos foram amplamente reconhecidos e exportados até um declínio artístico por volta dos anos 1980. <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Diretor_de_cinema?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Diretor de cinema">Diretores de filmes</a> italianos notáveis incluem <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vittorio_De_Sica?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vittorio De Sica">Vittorio De Sica</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Federico_Fellini?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Federico Fellini">Federico Fellini</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sergio_Leone?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sergio Leone">Sergio Leone</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pier_Paolo_Pasolini?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pier Paolo Pasolini">Pier Paolo Pasolini</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Luchino_Visconti?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Luchino Visconti">Luchino Visconti</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Michelangelo_Antonioni?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Michelangelo Antonioni">Michelangelo Antonioni</a> e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Roberto_Rossellini?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Roberto Rossellini">Roberto Rossellini</a>, alguns dos quais são reconhecidos entre os maiores e mais influentes produtores de filmes de todos os tempos.<sup id="cite_ref-286" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-286"><span>[</span>286<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-287" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-287"><span>[</span>287<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-288" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-288"><span>[</span>288<span>]</span></a></sup> Dentre os filmes, incluem-se tesouros do cinema mundial como <i><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ladri_di_biciclette?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ladri di biciclette">Ladri di biciclette</a></i>, <i><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/La_dolce_vita?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="La dolce vita">La dolce vita</a></i>, <i><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/8%C2%BD?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="8½">8½</a></i>, <i><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Il_buono,_il_brutto,_il_cattivo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Il buono, il brutto, il cattivo">Il buono, il brutto, il cattivo</a></i> e <i><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/C%27era_una_volta_il_West?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="C'era una volta il West">C'era una volta il West</a></i>. Entre meados da década de 1940 e início dos anos 1950 foi o apogeu do <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Neorrealismo_italiano?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Neorrealismo italiano">cinema neorrealista italiano</a>, refletindo as condições pobres da Itália do pós-guerra.<sup id="cite_ref-289" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-289"><span>[</span>289<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-290" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-290"><span>[</span>290<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Conforme o país se tornava mais próspero nos anos 1950, uma forma de neorrealismo conhecido como neorrealismo pink se sucedeu, e outros <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/G%C3%AAnero_de_filme?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Gênero de filme">gêneros de filmes</a>, como <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Peplum?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Peplum">peplum</a> e ´<i><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Spaghetti_western?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spaghetti western">spaghetti western</a></i> foram populares nas décadas de 1960 e 1970. Atrizes como <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sophia_Loren?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sophia Loren">Sophia Loren</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Giulietta_Masina?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Giulietta Masina">Giulietta Masina</a> e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gina_Lollobrigida?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gina Lollobrigida">Gina Lollobrigida</a> alcançaram estrelato internacional durante esse período. Suspenses eróticos italianos, ou <i><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Giallo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Giallo">giallos</a></i>, produzidos por diretores como <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mario_Bava?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mario Bava">Mario Bava</a> e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dario_Argento?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dario Argento">Dario Argento</a> nos anos 1970 também influenciaram o gênero do horror mundialmente. Em anos recentes, as produções italianas têm recebido atenção internacional apenas ocasionalmente com filmes como <i><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/A_Vida_%C3%A9_Bela?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="A Vida é Bela">A Vida é Bela</a></i> dirigida por <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Roberto_Benigni?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Roberto Benigni">Roberto Benigni</a>, <i><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Il_Postino?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Il Postino">Il Postino</a></i> com <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Massimo_Troisi?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Massimo Troisi">Massimo Troisi</a> e <i><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/A_Grande_Beleza?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="A Grande Beleza">A Grande Beleza</a></i> dirigida por <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Paolo_Sorrentino?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Paolo Sorrentino">Paolo Sorrentino</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Arte_242-10" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Arte-242"><span>[</span>242<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>O já mencionado estúdio <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cinecitt%C3%A0?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cinecittà">Cinecittà</a> é hoje a maior instalação de produção de filmes e programas televisivos na Europa Continental e o centro do cinema italiano, onde os filmes com os maiores orçamentos são filmados e uma das maiores comunidades produtoras de filmes no mundo. Nos anos 1950, o número de produções internacional lá feitas levaram Roma a ser apelidada de "<i><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Hollywood_do_Tibre&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Hollywood do Tibre (página não existe)">Hollywood do Tibre</a></i>". Das mais de 3&nbsp;000 produções da Cinecittà, 47 foram galadoardas com pelo menos um <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%93scar?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Óscar">Oscar</a> e outras 43 foram nomeadas para esse prêmio, em diversos gêneros e épocas, desde o cinema clássico a filmes mais recentes (<i><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ben-Hur?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ben-Hur">Ben-Hur</a></i>, <i><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Romeu_e_Julieta_(1968)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Romeu e Julieta (1968)">Romeu e Julieta</a></i>, <i><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/O_Paciente_Ingl%C3%AAs_(filme)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="O Paciente Inglês (filme)">O Paciente Inglês</a></i>, <i><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gladiador_(filme)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gladiador (filme)">Gladiador</a></i>, <i><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/A_Paix%C3%A3o_de_Cristo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="A Paixão de Cristo">A Paixão de Cristo</a></i>, e <i><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gangs_of_New_York?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gangs of New York">Gangs of New York</a></i>).<sup id="cite_ref-Arte_242-11" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Arte-242"><span>[</span>242<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-291" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-291"><span>[</span>291<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>A Itália é o país com mais <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oscar_de_melhor_filme_estrangeiro?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Oscar de melhor filme estrangeiro">oscares de melhor filme estrangeiro</a>, com 14 prêmios ganhos, 3 premiações no <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oscar_Honor%C3%A1rio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oscar Honorário">Oscar Honorário</a> e 31 nomeações. Por volta de 2016, filmes italianos já haviam vencido 12&nbsp;<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Palma_de_Ouro?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Palma de Ouro">Palmas de Ouro</a> (o segundo país com mais prêmios), 11&nbsp;<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Le%C3%A3o_de_Ouro?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Leão de Ouro">Leões de Ouro</a> e 7&nbsp;<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Urso_de_Ouro?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Urso de Ouro">Ursos de Ouro</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Arte_242-12" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Arte-242"><span>[</span>242<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Feriados">Feriados</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=It%C3%A1lia&amp;action=edit&amp;section=40&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editar secção: Feriados" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>editar</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Os feriados celebrados na Itália incluem observâncias religiosas, nacionais e regionais.<sup id="cite_ref-292" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-292"><span>[</span>292<span>]</span></a></sup> O Dia Nacional da Itália, a <i><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Festa_della_Repubblica_Italiana?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Festa della Repubblica Italiana">Festa della Repubblica Italiana</a></i>, é celebrada em 2 de junho de cada ano e comemora o nascimento da <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_Italiana?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="República Italiana">República Italiana</a> em 1946.<sup id="cite_ref-293" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-293"><span>[</span>293<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:Festa_della_repubblica_2005_con_frecce_tricolori.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Festa_della_repubblica_2005_con_frecce_tricolori.jpg/220px-Festa_della_repubblica_2005_con_frecce_tricolori.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Festa_della_repubblica_2005_con_frecce_tricolori.jpg/220px-Festa_della_repubblica_2005_con_frecce_tricolori.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Festa_della_repubblica_2005_con_frecce_tricolori.jpg/330px-Festa_della_repubblica_2005_con_frecce_tricolori.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Festa_della_repubblica_2005_con_frecce_tricolori.jpg/440px-Festa_della_repubblica_2005_con_frecce_tricolori.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> Comemorações da <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Festa_della_Repubblica_Italiana?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Festa della Repubblica Italiana">Festa della Repubblica Italiana</a> </figcaption> </figure> <p>O <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Santa_Luzia_(festa)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Santa Luzia (festa)">Dia de Santa Luzia</a>, que acontece no dia 13 de dezembro, é muito popular entre as crianças de algumas regiões italianas, onde ela desempenha um papel semelhante ao do <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Papai_Noel?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Papai Noel">Papai Noel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-alio_294-0" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-alio-294"><span>[</span>294<span>]</span></a></sup> Além disso, a <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Epifania_do_Senhor?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Epifania do Senhor">Epifania</a> na Itália é associada à figura folclórica da <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Befana?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Befana">Befana</a>, uma velha de cabo de vassoura que, na noite entre 5 e 6 de janeiro, traz presentes e doces a bons filhos, mas carvão ou sacos de cinzas para os ruins.<sup id="cite_ref-295" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-295"><span>[</span>295<span>]</span></a></sup> A <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Assun%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_Maria?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Assunção de Maria">Assunção de Maria</a> coincide com o <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ferragosto?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ferragosto">Ferragosto</a> em 15 de agosto, o período de férias de verão que pode ser um fim de semana prolongado ou a maior parte do mês.<sup id="cite_ref-296" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-296"><span>[</span>296<span>]</span></a></sup> Cada cidade ou vila celebra também um feriado público por ocasião do festival do santo padroeiro local, por exemplo: Roma em 29 de junho (<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Pedro?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="São Pedro">São Pedro</a> e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Paulo_de_Tarso?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Paulo de Tarso">São Paulo</a>) e Milão em 7 de dezembro (<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Santo_Ambr%C3%B3sio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Santo Ambrósio">Santo Ambrósio</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-297" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-297"><span>[</span>297<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Há muitos festivais e festividades no país. Alguns deles incluem a corrida de cavalos <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Palio_di_Siena?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Palio di Siena">Palio di Siena</a>, os ritos da <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Semana_Santa?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Semana Santa">Semana Santa</a>, a <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Justa_(desporto)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Justa (desporto)">Justa</a> do <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sarraceno?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Sarraceno">Sarraceno</a>, o Dia de São Ubaldo em <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gubbio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gubbio">Gubbio</a>, a <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Giostra_della_Quintana&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Giostra della Quintana (página não existe)">Giostra della Quintana</a> em <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Foligno?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Foligno">Foligno</a> e o <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Calcio_Fiorentino?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Calcio Fiorentino">Calcio Fiorentino</a>. Em 2013, a <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/UNESCO?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> incluiu no <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Patrim%C3%B4nio_Cultural_Imaterial_da_Humanidade?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Patrimônio Cultural Imaterial da Humanidade">Patrimônio Cultural Imaterial da Humanidade</a> alguns festivais e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Andor?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Andor">andores</a>, como a <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Varia_di_Palmi?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Varia di Palmi">Varia di Palmi</a>, a <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Macchina_di_Santa_Rosa?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Macchina di Santa Rosa">Macchina di Santa Rosa</a> em <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Viterbo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Viterbo">Viterbo</a>, a Festa dei Gigli em <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nola?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nola">Nola</a> e a <i>faradda di li candareri</i> em <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sassari?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Sassari">Sassari</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-298" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-298"><span>[</span>298<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Outros festivais incluem os <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Carnaval?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Carnaval">carnavais</a> de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Carnaval_de_Veneza?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Carnaval de Veneza">Veneza</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Carnaval_de_Viareggio?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Carnaval de Viareggio">Viareggio</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Satriano_di_Lucania?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Satriano di Lucania">Satriano di Lucania</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mamoiada?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mamoiada">Mamoiada</a> e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ivrea?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ivrea">Ivrea</a>, conhecido principalmente por sua <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Batalha_das_Laranjas&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Batalha das Laranjas (página não existe)">Batalha das Laranjas</a>. O prestigioso <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Festival_Internacional_de_Cinema_de_Veneza?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Festival Internacional de Cinema de Veneza">Festival Internacional de Cinema de Veneza</a>, que premia o "<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Le%C3%A3o_de_Ouro?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Leão de Ouro">Leão de Ouro</a>" e é realizado anualmente desde 1932, é o mais antigo <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Festival_de_cinema?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Festival de cinema">festival de cinema</a> do mundo.<sup id="cite_ref-VeniceFilmFest_283-1" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-VeniceFilmFest-283"><span>[</span>283<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Esportes">Esportes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=It%C3%A1lia&amp;action=edit&amp;section=41&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editar secção: Esportes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>editar</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:Scudo2009.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Scudo2009.jpg/370px-Scudo2009.jpg" decoding="async" width="370" height="143" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3440" data-file-height="1328"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 370px;height: 143px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Scudo2009.jpg/370px-Scudo2009.jpg" data-width="370" data-height="143" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Scudo2009.jpg/555px-Scudo2009.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Scudo2009.jpg/740px-Scudo2009.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Est%C3%A1dio_Giuseppe_Meazza?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Estádio Giuseppe Meazza">Estádio Giuseppe Meazza</a> em <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mil%C3%A3o?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Milão">Milão</a>, com uma capacidade de 80&nbsp;000 pessoas, é um dos maiores da Europa </figcaption> </figure> <p>O <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Esporte?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Esporte">esporte</a> mais popular na Itália é, de longe, o <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Futebol?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Futebol">futebol</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-299" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-299"><span>[</span>299<span>]</span></a></sup> A <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sele%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Italiana_de_Futebol?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Seleção Italiana de Futebol">equipe nacional de futebol da Itália</a> (apelidada de <i>Gli Azzurri</i>) é uma das equipes mais bem sucedidas do mundo, já que venceu quatro <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Copas_do_Mundo_da_FIFA?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Copas do Mundo da FIFA">Copas do Mundo da FIFA</a> (<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Copa_do_Mundo_FIFA_de_1934?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Copa do Mundo FIFA de 1934">1934</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Copa_do_Mundo_FIFA_de_1938?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Copa do Mundo FIFA de 1938">1938</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Copa_do_Mundo_FIFA_de_1982?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Copa do Mundo FIFA de 1982">1982</a> e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Copa_do_Mundo_FIFA_de_2006?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Copa do Mundo FIFA de 2006">2006</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-300" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-300"><span>[</span>300<span>]</span></a></sup> Os clubes italianos conquistaram 48 grandes troféus europeus, o que torna o país o segundo mais bem-sucedido no futebol europeu. A principal liga de futebol de clubes da Itália é chamada de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Campeonato_Italiano_de_Futebol?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Campeonato Italiano de Futebol">Serie&nbsp;A</a> e é considerada a <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Coeficientes_da_UEFA?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Coeficientes da UEFA">terceira melhor da Europa</a> e é seguida por milhões de fãs em todo o mundo.<sup id="cite_ref-trank2_301-0" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-trank2-301"><span>[</span>301<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-302" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-302"><span>[</span>302<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Outros esportes coletivos populares na Itália incluem <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/V%C3%B4lei?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Vôlei">vôlei</a>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Basquete?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Basquete">basquete</a> e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rugby?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rugby">rugby</a>. Os times <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sele%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Italiana_de_Voleibol_Masculino?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Seleção Italiana de Voleibol Masculino">masculino</a> e <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sele%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Italiana_de_Voleibol_Feminino?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Seleção Italiana de Voleibol Feminino">feminino</a> de vôlei nacional da Itália são frequentemente apresentados <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ranking_da_Federa%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Internacional_de_Voleibol?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ranking da Federação Internacional de Voleibol">entre os melhores do mundo</a>. Os melhores resultados do <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sele%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Italiana_de_Basquetebol?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Seleção Italiana de Basquetebol">time nacional de basquete italiano</a> foram o ouro no <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=EuroBasket_de_1983&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="EuroBasket de 1983 (página não existe)">EuroBasket de 1983</a> e no <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/EuroBasket_de_1999?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="EuroBasket de 1999">EuroBasket de 1999</a>, assim como a prata nas <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Olimp%C3%ADadas_de_2004?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Olimpíadas de 2004">Olimpíadas de 2004</a>. A <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Liga_Italiana_de_Basquetebol?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Liga Italiana de Basquetebol">Lega Basket Serie A</a> é amplamente considerada uma das mais competitivas da Europa. O rugby goza de um bom nível de popularidade, especialmente no norte do país. A <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sele%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Italiana_de_Rugby_Union?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Seleção Italiana de Rugby Union">seleção da Itália</a> compete no campeonato das <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Seis_Na%C3%A7%C3%B5es?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Seis Nações">Seis Nações</a> e é regular na <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Copa_do_Mundo_de_Rugby?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Copa do Mundo de Rugby">Copa do Mundo de Rugby</a>. A Itália é classificada como uma nação de primeira linha pelo <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/World_Rugby?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="World Rugby">World Rugby</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-303" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-303"><span>[</span>303<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:Kimi_Raikkonen_2017_Catalonia_test_(27_Feb-2_Mar)_Day_4_2.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Kimi_Raikkonen_2017_Catalonia_test_%2827_Feb-2_Mar%29_Day_4_2.jpg/220px-Kimi_Raikkonen_2017_Catalonia_test_%2827_Feb-2_Mar%29_Day_4_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1707"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Kimi_Raikkonen_2017_Catalonia_test_%2827_Feb-2_Mar%29_Day_4_2.jpg/220px-Kimi_Raikkonen_2017_Catalonia_test_%2827_Feb-2_Mar%29_Day_4_2.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Kimi_Raikkonen_2017_Catalonia_test_%2827_Feb-2_Mar%29_Day_4_2.jpg/330px-Kimi_Raikkonen_2017_Catalonia_test_%2827_Feb-2_Mar%29_Day_4_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Kimi_Raikkonen_2017_Catalonia_test_%2827_Feb-2_Mar%29_Day_4_2.jpg/440px-Kimi_Raikkonen_2017_Catalonia_test_%2827_Feb-2_Mar%29_Day_4_2.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ferrari_SF70H?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ferrari SF70H">SF0H</a> da <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Scuderia_Ferrari?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Scuderia Ferrari">Ferrari</a>, o mais antigo e bem-sucedido time de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/F%C3%B3rmula_1?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fórmula 1">Fórmula&nbsp;1</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ferrari_304-0" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Ferrari-304"><span>[</span>304<span>]</span></a></sup> </figcaption> </figure> <p>A Itália tem uma tradição longa e bem-sucedida em esportes individuais também. As <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Competi%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_ciclismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Competição de ciclismo">competições de ciclismo</a> são um esporte muito familiar no país.<sup id="cite_ref-305" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-305"><span>[</span>305<span>]</span></a></sup> Os italianos venceram o <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Campeonato_Mundial_de_Ciclismo_em_Estrada?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Campeonato Mundial de Ciclismo em Estrada">Campeonato Mundial de Ciclismo em Estrada</a> mais do que qualquer outro país, exceto a <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/B%C3%A9lgica?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bélgica">Bélgica</a>. O <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Giro_d%27Italia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Giro d'Italia">Giro d'Italia</a> é uma corrida de ciclismo realizada todo mês de maio e constitui uma das três <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Grandes_Voltas?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Grandes Voltas">Grandes Voltas</a>, juntamente com o <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tour_de_France?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tour de France">Tour de France</a> e a <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vuelta_a_Espa%C3%B1a?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Vuelta a España">Vuelta a España</a>, cada um dos quais duram aproximadamente três semanas. O <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Esqui_alpino?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Esqui alpino">esqui alpino</a> também é um esporte muito difundido na Itália e o país é um destino popular de esqui internacional, conhecido por suas <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Esta%C3%A7%C3%B5es_de_esqui?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Estações de esqui">estações de esqui</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-306" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-306"><span>[</span>306<span>]</span></a></sup> Os esquiadores italianos alcançaram bons resultados nos <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jogos_Ol%C3%ADmpicos_de_Inverno?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jogos Olímpicos de Inverno">Jogos Olímpicos de Inverno</a>, na <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Copa_do_Mundo_de_Esqui_Alpino?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Copa do Mundo de Esqui Alpino">Copa do Mundo de Esqui Alpino</a> e no <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Campeonato_Mundial_de_Esqui_Alpino?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Campeonato Mundial de Esqui Alpino">Campeonato Mundial de Esqui Alpino</a>. O <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/T%C3%AAnis?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Tênis">tênis</a> tem um número significativo de seguidores no país, sendo o quarto esporte mais praticado entre os italianos.<sup id="cite_ref-307" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-307"><span>[</span>307<span>]</span></a></sup> Os <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Esporte_a_motor?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Esporte a motor">esportes motorizados</a> também são extremamente populares. A Itália venceu, de longe, o maior número de campeonatos mundiais de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/MotoGP?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="MotoGP">MotoGP</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-308" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-308"><span>[</span>308<span>]</span></a></sup> A italiana <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Scuderia_Ferrari?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Scuderia Ferrari">Scuderia Ferrari</a> é a mais antiga equipe sobrevivente nas corridas de Grand Prix (desde 1948) e, estatisticamente, é a equipe de <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/F%C3%B3rmula_1?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fórmula 1">Fórmula&nbsp;1</a> de maior sucesso na história, com um recorde de 228 vitórias.<sup id="cite_ref-Ferrari_304-1" class="reference"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Ferrari-304"><span>[</span>304<span>]</span></a></sup></p> </section> <h2 id="Referências" style="cursor: help;" title="Esta seção foi configurada para não ser editável diretamente. Edite a página toda ou a seção anterior em vez disso." class="section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(10)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><span id="Refer.C3.AAncias"></span>Referências</h2> <section class="mf-section-10 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-10"> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-istat.it-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><i><b><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-istat.it_1-0">a</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-istat.it_1-1">b</a></b></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.istat.it/it/files//2022/12/CENSIMENTO-E-DINAMICA-DEMOGRAFICA-2021.pdf">«Popolazione residente e dinamica demografica»</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <i>www.istat.it</i> (em italiano). 15 de dezembro de 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 17 de dezembro de 2022</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.atitle=Popolazione+residente+e+dinamica+demografica&amp;rft.date=2022-12-15&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=www.istat.it&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.istat.it%2Fit%2Ffiles%2F%2F2022%2F12%2FCENSIMENTO-E-DINAMICA-DEMOGRAFICA-2021.pdf&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-FMI-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><i><b><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FMI_2-0">a</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FMI_2-1">b</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FMI_2-2">c</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FMI_2-3">d</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FMI_2-4">e</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FMI_2-5">f</a></b></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2021/April/weo-report?c%3D136,%26s%3DNGDP_RPCH,NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,%26sy%3D2016%26ey%3D2026%26ssm%3D0%26scsm%3D1%26scc%3D0%26ssd%3D1%26ssc%3D0%26sic%3D0%26sort%3Dcountry%26ds%3D.%26br%3D1">«Report for Selected Countries and Subjects»</a>. <i>IMF</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 29 de outubro de 2021</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.atitle=Report+for+Selected+Countries+and+Subjects&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=IMF&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imf.org%2Fen%2FPublications%2FWEO%2Fweo-database%2F2021%2FApril%2Fweo-report%3Fc%3D136%2C%26s%3DNGDP_RPCH%2CNGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPPC%2C%26sy%3D2016%26ey%3D2026%26ssm%3D0%26scsm%3D1%26scc%3D0%26ssd%3D1%26ssc%3D0%26sic%3D0%26sort%3Dcountry%26ds%3D.%26br%3D1&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-IDH-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><i><b><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-IDH_3-0">a</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-IDH_3-1">b</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-IDH_3-2">c</a></b></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/hdr2019.pdf">«2019 Human Development Report»</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> (em inglês). <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Programa_das_Na%C3%A7%C3%B5es_Unidas_para_o_Desenvolvimento?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Programa das Nações Unidas para o Desenvolvimento">Programa das Nações Unidas para o Desenvolvimento</a> (PNUD). 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 9 de dezembro de 2019</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.btitle=2019+Human+Development+Report&amp;rft.date=2019&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Programa+das+Na%C3%A7%C3%B5es+Unidas+para+o+Desenvolvimento+%28PNUD%29&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhdr.undp.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fhdr2019.pdf&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2172.html">«Distribution of family income – Gini index»</a>. CIA – The World Factbook<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 9 de julho de 2010</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.btitle=Distribution+of+family+income+%93+Gini+index&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=CIA+%93+The+World+Factbook&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Flibrary%2Fpublications%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Ffields%2F2172.html&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://web.archive.org/web/20110427081145/http://www.immaculateheartacademy.org/outside2/socialstudies/kuhns/1%2520Italy%2520Birthplace%2520of%2520the%2520Renaissance.pdf">«Italy: Birthplace of the Renaisssance»</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <i>European Renaissance and Reformation</i>. Township of Washington, NJ: Immaculate Heart Academy<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 20 de dezembro de 2009</span>. Arquivado do <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.immaculateheartacademy.org/outside2/socialstudies/kuhns/1%2520Italy%2520Birthplace%2520of%2520the%2520Renaissance.pdf">original</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> em 27 de abril de 2011</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.atitle=Italy%3A+Birthplace+of+the+Renaisssance&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=European+Renaissance+and+Reformation&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.immaculateheartacademy.org%2Foutside2%2Fsocialstudies%2Fkuhns%2F1%2520Italy%2520Birthplace%2520of%2520the%2520Renaissance.pdf&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://web.archive.org/web/20090307050237/http://library.thinkquest.org/TQ0312582/unification.html">«Unification of Italy»</a>. Library.thinkquest.org. 4 de abril de 2003<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 19 de novembro de 2009</span>. Arquivado do <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://library.thinkquest.org/TQ0312582/unification.html">original</a> em 7 de março de 2009</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.btitle=Unification+of+Italy&amp;rft.date=2003-04-04&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Library.thinkquest.org&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flibrary.thinkquest.org%2FTQ0312582%2Funification.html&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-allempires.com-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-allempires.com_7-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.allempires.com/article/index.php?q%3Ditalian_colonial">«The Italian Colonial Empire»</a>. All Empires<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 30 de outubro de 2010</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.btitle=The+Italian+Colonial+Empire&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=All+Empires&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.allempires.com%2Farticle%2Findex.php%3Fq%3Ditalian_colonial&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-economist.com-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><i><b><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-economist.com_8-0">a</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-economist.com_8-1">b</a></b></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.economist.com/media/pdf/QUALITY_OF_LIFE.pdf">The Economist Intelligence Unit’s quality-of-life index</a>, Economist, 2005</span></li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://web.archive.org/web/20070613004555/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2056.html">«CIA World Factbook, Budget»</a>. Cia.gov<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 26 de janeiro de 2011</span>. Arquivado do <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2056.html">original</a> em 13 de junho de 2007</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.btitle=CIA+World+Factbook%2C+Budget&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Cia.gov&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Flibrary%2Fpublications%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Ffields%2F2056.html&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Leonardis,_2003,_p._17-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Leonardis,_2003,_p._17_10-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">M. De Leonardis, <i>Il Mediterraneo nella politica estera italiana del secondo dopoguerra</i>, Bologna, Il Mulino, 2003, p. 17</span></li> <li id="cite_note-books.google.com-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-books.google.com_11-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://books.google.com/?id%3DX4xw8-Oj9usC%26pg%3DPA157%26lpg%3DPA157%26dq%3Dregional%2Bpower%2Bitaly%2Bin%2Beurope%23PPP1,M1"><i>The Middle East and Europe</i></a>. Londres: Psychology Press. 24 de novembro de 1998<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 30 de maio de 2011</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.btitle=The+Middle+East+and+Europe&amp;rft.date=1998-11-24&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.place=Londres&amp;rft.pub=Psychology+Press&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DX4xw8-Oj9usC%26pg%3DPA157%26lpg%3DPA157%26dq%3Dregional%2Bpower%2Bitaly%2Bin%2Beurope%23PPP1%2CM1&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://web.archive.org/web/20110427080724/http://globalization.kof.ethz.ch/static/pdf/press_release_2009_en.pdf">«KOF – Pressemitteilung»</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 27 de maio de 2009</span>. Arquivado do <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://globalization.kof.ethz.ch/static/pdf/press_release_2009_en.pdf">original</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> em 27 de abril de 2011</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.btitle=KOF+%93+Pressemitteilung&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fglobalization.kof.ethz.ch%2Fstatic%2Fpdf%2Fpress_release_2009_en.pdf&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Manco-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Manco_13-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Alberto Manco, <i>Italia. Disegno storico-linguistico</i>, 2009, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Napoli?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoli">Napoli</a>, L'Orientale, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/978-88-95044-62-0?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/978-88-95044-62-0">978-88-95044-62-0</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Etimologia_do_nome_Itália_1-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><i><b><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Etimologia_do_nome_It%C3%A1lia_1_14-0">a</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Etimologia_do_nome_It%C3%A1lia_1_14-1">b</a></b></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://italia.onwww.net/italia/brevestorianomeitalia.htm">«Estratto dal libro sul nome Italia»</a> (em italiano). Italian.on. 23 de agosto de 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 14 de outubro de 2016</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.btitle=Estratto+dal+libro+sul+nome+Italia&amp;rft.date=2004-08-23&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Italian.on&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fitalia.onwww.net%2Fitalia%2Fbrevestorianomeitalia.htm&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">J.P. Mallory and D.Q. Adams, <i>Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture</i> (Londres: Fitzroy and Dearborn, 1997), 24.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-etim2-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><i><b><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-etim2_16-0">a</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-etim2_16-1">b</a></b></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.soveratoweb.it/storiacalabria.htm">«Storia della Calabria»</a>. Preistoria (em italiano). Soverato Web. 23 de agosto de 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 14 de outubro de 2016</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.btitle=Storia+della+Calabria&amp;rft.date=2005-08-23&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Soverato+Web&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.soveratoweb.it%2Fstoriacalabria.htm&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Pallottino, M., <i>History of Earliest Italy</i>, trans. Ryle, M &amp; Soper, K. in Jerome Lectures, Seventeenth Series, p. 50</span></li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Dionísio de Halicarnasso,<i>Antiguidades Romanas</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Dionysius_of_Halicarnassus/1B*.html">1.35</a>, em LacusCurtius</span></li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc%3DPerseus%253Atext%253A1999.01.0058%253Abook%253D7%253Asection%253D1329b%23note-link2">«Aristóteles, <i>Política</i> (7.1329b)»</a>. 10 de setembro de 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://web.archive.org/web/20150910185719/http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc%3DPerseus%253Atext%253A1999.01.0058%253Abook%253D7%253Asection%253D1329b%23note-link2">Cópia arquivada em 10 de setembro de 2015</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.btitle=Arist%C3%B3teles%2C+Pol%C3tica+%287.1329b%29&amp;rft.date=2015-09-10&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.perseus.tufts.edu%2Fhopper%2Ftext%3Fdoc%3DPerseus%253Atext%253A1999.01.0058%253Abook%253D7%253Asection%253D1329b%23note-link2&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span>, em Perseus</span></li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc%3DThuc.%2B6.2.4%26fromdoc%3DPerseus%253Atext%253A1999.01.0200">«Tucídides, <i>A Guerra do Peloponeso</i> (6.2.4)»</a>. 24 de setembro de 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://web.archive.org/web/20150924213434/http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc%3DThuc.%2B6.2.4%26fromdoc%3DPerseus%253Atext%253A1999.01.0200">Cópia arquivada em 24 de setembro de 2015</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.btitle=Tuc%C3dides%2C+A+Guerra+do+Peloponeso+%286.2.4%29&amp;rft.date=2015-09-24&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.perseus.tufts.edu%2Fhopper%2Ftext%3Fdoc%3DThuc.%2B6.2.4%26fromdoc%3DPerseus%253Atext%253A1999.01.0200&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span>, em Perseus</span></li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers 2001, ch. 2. <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/0-306-46463-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/0-306-46463-2">0-306-46463-2</a>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://web.archive.org/web/20120310101250/http://www.iipp.it">«Istituto Italiano di Preistoria e Protostoria»</a>. IIPP. 29 de janeiro de 2010. Arquivado do <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.iipp.it">original</a> em 10 de março de 2012</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.btitle=Istituto+Italiano+di+Preistoria+e+Protostoria&amp;rft.date=2010-01-29&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=IIPP&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iipp.it&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-23">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">La piccola Treccani vol. XII, p.&nbsp;703</span></li> <li id="cite_note-britannica.com-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><i><b><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-britannica.com_24-0">a</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-britannica.com_24-1">b</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-britannica.com_24-2">c</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-britannica.com_24-3">d</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-britannica.com_24-4">e</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-britannica.com_24-5">f</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-britannica.com_24-6">g</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-britannica.com_24-7">h</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-britannica.com_24-8">i</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-britannica.com_24-9">j</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-britannica.com_24-10">k</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-britannica.com_24-11">l</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-britannica.com_24-12">m</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-britannica.com_24-13">n</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-britannica.com_24-14">o</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-britannica.com_24-15">p</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-britannica.com_24-16">q</a></b></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/297474/Italy%23">«Italy»</a>. Britannica Online Encyclopedia<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 2 de agosto de 2010</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.btitle=Italy&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Britannica+Online+Encyclopedia&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F297474%2FItaly%23&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-25">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Britânica (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.britannica.com/place/ancient-Rome">«Ancient Rome»</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 12 de junho de 2018</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.btitle=Ancient+Rome&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2Fancient-Rome&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-26">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Britânica (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Tarquin-king-of-Rome-534-509-BC">«Tarquin, king of Rome»</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 12 de junho de 2018</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.btitle=Tarquin%2C+king+of+Rome&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FTarquin-king-of-Rome-534-509-BC&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-size-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-size_27-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rein_Taagepera?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rein Taagepera">Taagepera, Rein</a> (1979). «Size and Duration of Empires: Growth-Decline Curves, 600 B.C. to 600 A.D». Duke University Press. <i>Social Science History</i>. <b>3</b> (3/4): 125. <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a>&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0145-5532">0145-5532</a>. <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/JSTOR?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a>&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1170959">1170959</a>. <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Digital_object_identifier?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://dx.doi.org/10.2307%252F1170959">10.2307/1170959</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.atitle=Size+and+Duration+of+Empires%3A+Growth-Decline+Curves%2C+600+B.C.+to+600+A.D&amp;rft.aufirst=Rein&amp;rft.aulast=Taagepera&amp;rft.date=1979&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.issn=0145-5532&amp;rft.issue=3%2F4&amp;rft.jtitle=Social+Science+History&amp;rft.pages=125&amp;rft.volume=3&amp;rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1170959&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1170959&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-cliodynamics.info-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-cliodynamics.info_28-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Turchin, Peter; Adams, Jonathan M.; Hall, Thomas D (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://jwsr.pitt.edu/ojs/jwsr/article/view/369">«East-West Orientation of Historical Empires»</a>. <i>Journal of world-systems research</i>. <b>12</b> (2): 222. <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a>&nbsp;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.worldcat.org/issn/1076-156X">1076-156X</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 6 de fevereiro de 2016</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.atitle=East-West+Orientation+of+Historical+Empires&amp;rft.au=Adams%2C+Jonathan+M.&amp;rft.au=Hall%2C+Thomas+D&amp;rft.aufirst=Peter&amp;rft.aulast=Turchin&amp;rft.date=2006&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.issn=1076-156X&amp;rft.issue=2&amp;rft.jtitle=Journal+of+world-systems+research&amp;rft.pages=222&amp;rft.volume=12&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjwsr.pitt.edu%2Fojs%2Fjwsr%2Farticle%2Fview%2F369&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-29">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Richard, Carl J. (2010). <i>Why we're all Romans: the Roman contribution to the western world</i> 1ª pbk. ed. Lanham, Md.: Rowman &amp; Littlefield. pp.&nbsp;xi–xv. <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/0-7425-6779-6?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/0-7425-6779-6">0-7425-6779-6</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.aufirst=Carl+J.&amp;rft.aulast=Richard&amp;rft.btitle=Why+we%27re+all+Romans%3A+the+Roman+contribution+to+the+western+world&amp;rft.date=2010&amp;rft.edition=1%AA+pbk.&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=0-7425-6779-6&amp;rft.pages=xi-xv&amp;rft.place=Lanham%2C+Md.&amp;rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-30">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Peter, Sarris (2011). <i>Empires of faith: the fall of Rome to the rise of Islam, 500 – 700.</i> 1ª. pub. ed. Oxford: Oxford UP. p.&nbsp;118. <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/0-19-926126-1?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/0-19-926126-1">0-19-926126-1</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.aufirst=Sarris&amp;rft.aulast=Peter&amp;rft.btitle=Empires+of+faith%3A+the+fall+of+Rome+to+the+rise+of+Islam%2C+500+%93+700.&amp;rft.date=2011&amp;rft.edition=1%AA.+pub.&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=0-19-926126-1&amp;rft.pages=118&amp;rft.place=Oxford&amp;rft.pub=Oxford+UP&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-31">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Nolan, Cathal J. (2006). <i>The age of wars of religion, 1000–1650&nbsp;: an encyclopedia of global warfare and civilization</i> 1ª publ. ed. Westport (Connecticut): Greenwood Press. p.&nbsp;360. <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/0-313-33045-X?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/0-313-33045-X">0-313-33045-X</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.aufirst=Cathal+J.&amp;rft.aulast=Nolan&amp;rft.btitle=The+age+of+wars+of+religion%2C+1000%931650+%3A+an+encyclopedia+of+global+warfare+and+civilization&amp;rft.date=2006&amp;rft.edition=1%AA+publ.&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=0-313-33045-X&amp;rft.pages=360&amp;rft.place=Westport+%28Connecticut%29&amp;rft.pub=Greenwood+Press&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-32">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://web.archive.org/web/20140307194818/http://www.history.com/topics/exploration/marco-polo">«Marco Polo - Exploration»</a>. <i>HISTORY</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 9 de janeiro de 2017</span>. Arquivado do <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.history.com/topics/exploration/marco-polo">original</a> em 7 de março de 2014</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.atitle=Marco+Polo+-+Exploration&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=HISTORY&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.history.com%2Ftopics%2Fexploration%2Fmarco-polo&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-33">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Jones, Philip (1997). <i>The Italian city-state: from Commune to Signoria</i>. Oxford: Clarendon Press. pp.&nbsp;55–77. <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/978-0-19-822585-0?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/978-0-19-822585-0">978-0-19-822585-0</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.aufirst=Philip&amp;rft.aulast=Jones&amp;rft.btitle=The+Italian+city-state%3A+from+Commune+to+Signoria&amp;rft.date=1997&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-19-822585-0&amp;rft.pages=55-77&amp;rft.place=Oxford&amp;rft.pub=Clarendon+Press&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-34">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Lombard-League">«Lombard League»</a>. <i><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 31 de maio de 2018</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.atitle=Lombard+League&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2FLombard-League&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Lane-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><i><b><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Lane_35-0">a</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Lane_35-1">b</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Lane_35-2">c</a></b></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Lane, Frederic C. (1991). <i>Venice, a maritime republic</i> 4ª print. ed. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p.&nbsp;73. <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/0-8018-1460-X?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/0-8018-1460-X">0-8018-1460-X</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.aufirst=Frederic+C.&amp;rft.aulast=Lane&amp;rft.btitle=Venice%2C+a+maritime+republic&amp;rft.date=1991&amp;rft.edition=4%AA+print.&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=0-8018-1460-X&amp;rft.pages=73&amp;rft.place=Baltimore&amp;rft.pub=Johns+Hopkins+University+Press&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-36">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Ali, Ahmed Essa with Othman (2010). <i>Studies in Islamic civilization: the Muslim contribution to the Renaissance</i>. Herndon, VA: International Institute of Islamic Thought. pp.&nbsp;38–40. <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/1-56564-350-X?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/1-56564-350-X">1-56564-350-X</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.aufirst=Ahmed+Essa+with+Othman&amp;rft.aulast=Ali&amp;rft.btitle=Studies+in+Islamic+civilization%3A+the+Muslim+contribution+to+the+Renaissance&amp;rft.date=2010&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=1-56564-350-X&amp;rft.pages=38-40&amp;rft.place=Herndon%2C+VA&amp;rft.pub=International+Institute+of+Islamic+Thought&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-37">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Stéphane Barry and Norbert Gualde, "The Biggest Epidemics of History" (La plus grande épidémie de l'histoire), in <i>L'Histoire</i> n° 310, June 2006, pp. 45–46</span></li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-38">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://web.archive.org/web/20090831003435/http://www.brown.edu/Departments/Italian_Studies/dweb/plague/effects/death_toll.shtml">«Plague. The Death Toll»</a>. <i>Decameron Web</i> (em inglês). Brown University. www.brown.edu<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 19 de maio de 2018</span>. Arquivado do <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.brown.edu/Departments/Italian_Studies/dweb/plague/effects/death_toll.shtml">original</a> em 31 de agosto de 2009</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.atitle=Plague.+The+Death+Toll&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Decameron+Web&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.brown.edu%2FDepartments%2FItalian_Studies%2Fdweb%2Fplague%2Feffects%2Fdeath_toll.shtml&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Renascença-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><i><b><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Renascen%C3%A7a_39-0">a</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Renascen%C3%A7a_39-1">b</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Renascen%C3%A7a_39-2">c</a></b></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.britannica.com/event/Renaissance">«Renaissance»</a>. <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 31 de maio de 2018</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.atitle=Renaissance&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fevent%2FRenaissance&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-40">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Jensen 1992, p. 64.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-strathern-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><i><b><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-strathern_41-0">a</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-strathern_41-1">b</a></b></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Strathern, Paul <i>The Medici: Godfathers of the Renaissance</i> (2003)</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Britannica1-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Britannica1_42-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Encyclopædia Britannica, <i>Renaissance</i>, 2008, O.Ed.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Harris-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Harris_43-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Har, Michael H. <i>History of Libraries in the Western World</i>, Scarecrow Press Incorporate, 1999, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/0-8108-3724-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/0-8108-3724-2">0-8108-3724-2</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Norwich-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Norwich_44-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Norwich, John Julius, <i>A Short History of Byzantium</i>, 1997, Knopf, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/0-679-45088-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/0-679-45088-2">0-679-45088-2</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-45">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.florentine-society.ru/Medici_Chapel_Mysteries.htm">Peter Barenboim, Sergey Shiyan, <i>Michelangelo: Mysteries of Medici Chapel</i>, SLOVO, Moscow, 2006</a>. <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/5-85050-825-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/5-85050-825-2">5-85050-825-2</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-hankins-2001-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-hankins-2001_46-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Leonardo Bruni; James Hankins (9 de outubro de 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.hup.harvard.edu/results-list.php?collection%3D1389"><i>History of the Florentine People</i></a>. <b>1</b>. Boston: Harvard University Press</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.au=James+Hankins&amp;rft.au=Leonardo+Bruni&amp;rft.btitle=History+of+the+Florentine+People&amp;rft.date=2010-10-09&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.place=Boston&amp;rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hup.harvard.edu%2Fresults-list.php%3Fcollection%3D1389&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-47">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Karl Julius Beloch, <i>Bevölkerungsgeschichte Italiens</i>, volume&nbsp;3, pp.&nbsp;359–360.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-48">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Thomas James Dandelet, John A. Marino (2007). <i>Spain in Italy: Politics, Society, and Religion 1500–1700</i>. Leiden: Koninklijke Brill. <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/978-90-04-15429-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/978-90-04-15429-2">978-90-04-15429-2</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.au=Thomas+James+Dandelet%2C+John+A.+Marino&amp;rft.btitle=Spain+in+Italy%3A+Politics%2C+Society%2C+and+Religion+1500%931700&amp;rft.date=2007&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-90-04-15429-2&amp;rft.place=Leiden&amp;rft.pub=Koninklijke+Brill&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-49">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Galasso, Giuseppe (1972). <i>Storia d'Italia 1: I caratteri originali</i>. Turin: Einaudi. pp.&nbsp;509–10</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.aufirst=Giuseppe&amp;rft.aulast=Galasso&amp;rft.btitle=Storia+d%27Italia+1%3A+I+caratteri+originali&amp;rft.date=1972&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.pages=509-10&amp;rft.place=Turin&amp;rft.pub=Einaudi&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-50">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Napoleon Bonaparte, "The Economy of the Empire in Italy: Instructions from Napoleon to Eugène, Viceroy of Italy," <i>Exploring the European Past: Texts &amp; Images</i>, Second Edition, ed. Timothy E. Gregory (Mason: Thomson, 2007), 65–66.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Turim_como_capital_do_Reino_da_Sardenha-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Turim_como_capital_do_Reino_da_Sardenha_51-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Anthony Parenti (9 de maio de 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.italiansrus.com/articles/torinohistory_part4.htm">«Turin's History: As portrayed by its commemorative plaques - Part 4 of 5: The 19th Century»</a> (em inglês). Italianrus.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 14 de outubro de 2016</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.au=Anthony+Parenti&amp;rft.btitle=Turin%27s+History%3A+As+portrayed+by+its+commemorative+plaques+-+Part+4+of+5%3A+The+19th+Century&amp;rft.date=2010-05-09&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Italianrus.com&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.italiansrus.com%2Farticles%2Ftorinohistory_part4.htm&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Fascismo_na_Itália-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Fascismo_na_It%C3%A1lia_52-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Smith, vol. III, p. 581.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-53">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Adrian Lyttelton (editor), <i>"Liberal and fascist Italy, 1900–1945"</i>, Oxford University Press, 2002. pp. 13</span></li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-54">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://web.archive.org/web/20110520041048/http://www.insmli.it/pubblicazioni/35/Voto%2520donne%2520versione%2520def.pdf">«Italia 1946: le donne al voto, dossier a cura di Mariachiara Fugazza e Silvia Cassamagnaghi»</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 30 de maio de 2011</span>. Arquivado do <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.insmli.it/pubblicazioni/35/Voto%2520donne%2520versione%2520def.pdf">original</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> em 20 de maio de 2011</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.btitle=Italia+1946%3A+le+donne+al+voto%2C+dossier+a+cura+di+Mariachiara+Fugazza+e+Silvia+Cassamagnaghi&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.insmli.it%2Fpubblicazioni%2F35%2FVoto%2520donne%2520versione%2520def.pdf&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-55">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Beppe Severgnini (27 de abril de 2018). <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_New_York_Times?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>, ed. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/27/opinion/italy-leave-european-union.html">«Will Italy Leave the E.U.? Not So Fast»</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 12 de junho de 2018</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.au=Beppe+Severgnini&amp;rft.btitle=Will+Italy+Leave+the+E.U.%3F+Not+So+Fast&amp;rft.date=2018-04-27&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2018%2F04%2F27%2Fopinion%2Fitaly-leave-european-union.html&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-56">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">(em italiano) <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://web.archive.org/web/20060819211212/http://www.isn.ethz.ch/php/documents/collection_gladio/report_ital_senate.pdf">«Commissione parlamentare d'inchiesta sul terrorismo in Italia e sulle cause della mancata individuazione dei responsabili delle stragi (Parliamentary investigative commission on terrorism in Italy and the failure to identify the perpetrators)»</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. 1995<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 2 de maio de 2006</span>. Arquivado do <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.isn.ethz.ch/php/documents/collection_gladio/report_ital_senate.pdf">original</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> em 19 de agosto de 2006</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.btitle=Commissione+parlamentare+d%27inchiesta+sul+terrorismo+in+Italia+e+sulle+cause+della+mancata+individuazione+dei+responsabili+delle+stragi+%28Parliamentary+investigative+commission+on+terrorism+in+Italy+and+the+failure+to+identify+the+perpetrators%29&amp;rft.date=1995&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.isn.ethz.ch%2Fphp%2Fdocuments%2Fcollection_gladio%2Freport_ital_senate.pdf&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Docs-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Docs_57-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">(em inglês)/(em italiano)/(em francês)/(em alemão) <cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://web.archive.org/web/20060425182721/http://www.isn.ethz.ch/php/collections/coll_gladio.htm%23Documents">«Secret Warfare: Operation Gladio and NATO's Stay-Behind Armies»</a>. Swiss Federal Institute of Technology / International Relation and Security Network<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 2 de maio de 2006</span>. Arquivado do <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.isn.ethz.ch/php/collections/coll_gladio.htm%23Documents">original</a> em 25 de abril de 2006</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.btitle=Secret+Warfare%3A+Operation+Gladio+and+NATO%27s+Stay-Behind+Armies&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Swiss+Federal+Institute+of+Technology+%2F+International+Relation+and+Security+Network&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.isn.ethz.ch%2Fphp%2Fcollections%2Fcoll_gladio.htm%23Documents&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-República_italiana_1-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Rep%C3%BAblica_italiana_1_58-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.cambridgeclarion.org/press_cuttings/us.terrorism_graun_24jun2000.html">«Clarion: Philip Willan, Guardian»</a>. Cambridgeclarion.org. 24 de junho de 2000. p.&nbsp;19<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 24 de abril de 2010</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.btitle=Clarion%3A+Philip+Willan%2C+Guardian&amp;rft.date=2000-06-24&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pages=19&amp;rft.pub=Cambridgeclarion.org&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cambridgeclarion.org%2Fpress_cuttings%2Fus.terrorism_graun_24jun2000.html&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-59">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Economist?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The Economist">The Economist</a>, ed. (7 de janeiro de 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.economist.com/node/15212067">«Shameful honour»</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 12 de junho de 2018</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.btitle=Shameful+honour&amp;rft.date=2010-01-07&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fnode%2F15212067&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-60">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Berlusconismo, in Treccani.it – Enciclopedie on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana, 2011.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Geo-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><i><b><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Geo_61-0">a</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Geo_61-1">b</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Geo_61-2">c</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Geo_61-3">d</a></b></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.britannica.com/place/Italy/Land">«Italy - Land»</a>. <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 31 de maio de 2018</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.atitle=Italy+-+Land&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FItaly%2FLand&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-62">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://web.archive.org/web/19981201064839/http://www.iii.to.cnr.it/limnol/cicloac/lagit.htm">«Morphometric and hydrological characteristics of some important Italian lakes»</a>. Largo Tonolli 50, 28922 Verbania Pallanza: Istituto per lo Studio degli Ecosistemi<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 3 de março de 2010</span>. Arquivado do <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.iii.to.cnr.it/limnol/cicloac/lagit.htm">original</a> em 1 de dezembro de 1998</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.btitle=Morphometric+and+hydrological+characteristics+of+some+important+Italian+lakes&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.place=Largo+Tonolli+50%2C+28922+Verbania+Pallanza&amp;rft.pub=Istituto+per+lo+Studio+degli+Ecosistemi&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iii.to.cnr.it%2Flimnol%2Fcicloac%2Flagit.htm&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-63">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Adriana Rigutti, <i>Meteorologia</i>, Giunti, p. 95, 2009.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-64">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Thomas A. Blair, <i>Climatology: General and Regional</i>, Prentice Hall pages 131–132</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Clima-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Clima_65-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.britannica.com/place/Italy/Climate">«Italy - Climate»</a>. <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 31 de maio de 2018</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.atitle=Italy+-+Climate&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FItaly%2FClimate&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-ClimaAtlas-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><i><b><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-ClimaAtlas_66-0">a</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-ClimaAtlas_66-1">b</a></b></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://web.archive.org/web/20121114223307/http://clima.meteoam.it/atlanteClimatico.php?ling%3Deng">«Climate Atlas of Italy»</a>. Network of the Air Force Meteorological Service<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 30 de setembro de 2012</span>. Arquivado do <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://clima.meteoam.it/atlanteClimatico.php?ling%3Deng">original</a> em 14 de novembro de 2012</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.btitle=Climate+Atlas+of+Italy&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Network+of+the+Air+Force+Meteorological+Service&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fclima.meteoam.it%2FatlanteClimatico.php%3Fling%3Deng&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-devp2-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-devp2_67-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://web.archive.org/web/20090701064224/http://dev.prenhall.com/divisions/hss/worldreference/IT/environment.html">«Italy – Environment»</a>. Dev.prenhall.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 2 de agosto de 2010</span>. Arquivado do <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://dev.prenhall.com/divisions/hss/worldreference/IT/environment.html">original</a> em 1 de julho de 2009</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.btitle=Italy+%93+Environment&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Dev.prenhall.com&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdev.prenhall.com%2Fdivisions%2Fhss%2Fworldreference%2FIT%2Fenvironment.html&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-68">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.parks.it/indice/NatParks.html">«National Parks in Italy»</a>. Parks.it. 1995–2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 15 de março de 2010</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://web.archive.org/web/20100329203159/http://www.parks.it/indice/NatParks.html">Cópia arquivada em 29 de março de 2010</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.btitle=National+Parks+in+Italy&amp;rft.date=1995%2F2010&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Parks.it&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.parks.it%2Findice%2FNatParks.html&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-69">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://web.archive.org/web/20110820095506/http://www.ren21.net/Portals/97/documents/GSR/REN21_GSR2011.pdf">«Renewables 2010 Global Status Report»</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. REN21. 15 de julho de 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 16 de julho de 2010</span>. Arquivado do <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.ren21.net/Portals/97/documents/GSR/REN21_GSR2011.pdf">original</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> em 20 de agosto de 2011</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.btitle=Renewables+2010+Global+Status+Report&amp;rft.date=2010-07-15&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=REN21&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ren21.net%2FPortals%2F97%2Fdocuments%2FGSR%2FREN21_GSR2011.pdf&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-BaroPhoto2010-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-BaroPhoto2010_70-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://web.archive.org/web/20110726043955/http://www.eurobserv-er.org/pdf/baro196.asp">«Photovoltaic energy barometer 2010»</a>. EurObserv'ER<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 30 de outubro de 2010</span>. Arquivado do <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.eurobserv-er.org/pdf/baro196.asp">original</a> em 26 de julho de 2011</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.btitle=Photovoltaic+energy+barometer+2010&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=EurObserv%27ER&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eurobserv-er.org%2Fpdf%2Fbaro196.asp&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-wwea-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-wwea_71-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">World Wind Energy Association (fevereiro de 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://web.archive.org/web/20110904232058/http://www.wwindea.org/home/images/stories/pdfs/worldwindenergyreport2010_s.pdf">«World Wind Energy Report 2010»</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 8 de agosto de 2011</span>. Arquivado do <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.wwindea.org/home/images/stories/pdfs/worldwindenergyreport2010_s.pdf">original</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> em 4 de setembro de 2011</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.au=World+Wind+Energy+Association&amp;rft.btitle=World+Wind+Energy+Report+2010&amp;rft.date=2011-02&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wwindea.org%2Fhome%2Fimages%2Fstories%2Fpdfs%2Fworldwindenergyreport2010_s.pdf&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Encyclopedia_of_the_Nations-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Encyclopedia_of_the_Nations_72-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/Europe/Italy-ENVIRONMENT.html">«Italy – Environment»</a>. Encyclopedia of the Nations<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 7 de abril de 2010</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://web.archive.org/web/20110104111601/http://www.nationsencyclopedia.com/Europe/Italy-ENVIRONMENT.html">Cópia arquivada em 4 de janeiro de 2011</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.btitle=Italy+%93+Environment&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Encyclopedia+of+the+Nations&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationsencyclopedia.com%2FEurope%2FItaly-ENVIRONMENT.html&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-73">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://mdgs.un.org/unsd/mdg/SeriesDetail.aspx?srid%3D749%26crid%3D">«Carbon dioxide emissions (CO2), thousand metric tons of CO2 (CDIAC)» [Emissões de dióxido de carbono (CO2), em milhares de toneladas métricas de CO2]</a> (em inglês). Millennium Development Goals Indicators, ONU. mdgs.un.org. 21 de julho de 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 7 de junho de 2018</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.btitle=Carbon+dioxide+emissions+%28CO2%29%2C+thousand+metric+tons+of+CO2+%28CDIAC%29&amp;rft.date=2015-07-21&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Millennium+Development+Goals+Indicators%2C+ONU.+mdgs.un.org&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmdgs.un.org%2Funsd%2Fmdg%2FSeriesDetail.aspx%3Fsrid%3D749%26crid%3D&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-74">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://web.archive.org/web/20100303051309/http://www.euro.who.int/document/hms/ehiexes_e.pdf">«Environment and health in Italy»</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> (em inglês). Word Health Organization Regional Office for Europe. www.euro.who.int<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 17 de maio de 2018</span>. Arquivado do <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.euro.who.int/document/hms/ehiexes_e.pdf">original</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> em 3 de março de 2010</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.btitle=Environment+and+health+in+Italy&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Word+Health+Organization+Regional+Office+for+Europe.+www.euro.who.int&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.euro.who.int%2Fdocument%2Fhms%2Fehiexes_e.pdf&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-75">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Kennedy, Duncan (14 de junho de 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-13741105">«Italy nuclear: Berlusconi accepts referendum blow»</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 20 de abril de 2013</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://web.archive.org/web/20110612112154/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-13741105">Cópia arquivada em 12 de junho de 2011</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.au=Kennedy%2C+Duncan&amp;rft.btitle=Italy+nuclear%3A+Berlusconi+accepts+referendum+blow&amp;rft.date=2011-06-14&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-13741105&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Sicily_mudslide_leaves_scores_dead-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Sicily_mudslide_leaves_scores_dead_76-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Nick Squires (2 de outubro de 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/italy/6255575/Sicily-mudslide-leaves-scores-dead.html%23">«Sicily mudslide leaves scores dead»</a>. Londres<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 2 de outubro de 2009</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://web.archive.org/web/20091006082824/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/italy/6255575/Sicily-mudslide-leaves-scores-dead.html%23">Cópia arquivada em 6 de outubro de 2009</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.au=Nick+Squires&amp;rft.btitle=Sicily+mudslide+leaves+scores+dead&amp;rft.date=2009-10-02&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.place=Londres&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworldnews%2Feurope%2Fitaly%2F6255575%2FSicily-mudslide-leaves-scores-dead.html%23&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-77">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/G1?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="G1">G1</a>, ed. (2 de março de 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://g1.globo.com/Noticias/Mundo/0,,MUL1511787-5602,00-DESLIZAMENTO%2BDE%2BTERRA%2BFORCA%2BRETIRADA%2BDE%2BPESSOAS%2BNA%2BITALIA.html">«Deslizamento de terra força retirada de 120 pessoas na Itália»</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 31 de maio de 2018</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.btitle=Deslizamento+de+terra+for%C3%A7a+retirada+de+120+pessoas+na+It%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.date=2010-03-02&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fg1.globo.com%2FNoticias%2FMundo%2F0%2C%2CMUL1511787-5602%2C00-DESLIZAMENTO%2BDE%2BTERRA%2BFORCA%2BRETIRADA%2BDE%2BPESSOAS%2BNA%2BITALIA.html&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-popolazione_2002-2019-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><i><b><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-popolazione_2002-2019_78-0">a</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-popolazione_2002-2019_78-1">b</a></b></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://demo.istat.it/app/?i%3DRIC%26l%3Dit">«Ricostruzione della popolazione 2002-2019»</a>. <i>Statistiche demografiche</i>. Istituto Nazionale di Statistica</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.atitle=Ricostruzione+della+popolazione+2002-2019&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Statistiche+demografiche&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdemo.istat.it%2Fapp%2F%3Fi%3DRIC%26l%3Dit&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-wbpop1-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-wbpop1_79-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL?locations%3DIT">«Population, total. United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects: 2017 Revision»</a> (em inglês). Banco Mundial<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 7 de junho de 2018</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.btitle=Population%2C+total.+United+Nations+Population+Division.+World+Population+Prospects%3A+2017+Revision&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Banco+Mundial&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdata.worldbank.org%2Findicator%2FSP.POP.TOTL%3Flocations%3DIT&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-EBdemog-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><i><b><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-EBdemog_80-0">a</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-EBdemog_80-1">b</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-EBdemog_80-2">c</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-EBdemog_80-3">d</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-EBdemog_80-4">e</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-EBdemog_80-5">f</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-EBdemog_80-6">g</a></b></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.britannica.com/place/Italy/The-people">«Italy -The people»</a>. <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 31 de maio de 2018</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.atitle=Italy+-The+people&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FItaly%2FThe-people&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-81">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.istat.it/it/archivio/162251">«Bilancio demografico nazionale»</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 23 de dezembro de 2019</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.btitle=Bilancio+demografico+nazionale&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.istat.it%2Fit%2Farchivio%2F162251&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-82">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://web.archive.org/web/20090701010600/http://library.thinkquest.org/26786/en/articles/view.php3?arKey%3D4%26paKey%3D7%26loKey%3D0%26evKey%3D%26toKey%3D%26torKey%3D%26tolKey%3D">«Causes of the Italian mass emigration»</a>. ThinkQuest Library. 15 de agosto de 1999<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 7 de junho de 2018</span>. Arquivado do <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://library.thinkquest.org/26786/en/articles/view.php3?arKey%3D4%26paKey%3D7%26loKey%3D0%26evKey%3D%26toKey%3D%26torKey%3D%26tolKey%3D">original</a> em 1 de julho de 2009</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.btitle=Causes+of+the+Italian+mass+emigration&amp;rft.date=1999-08-15&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=ThinkQuest+Library&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flibrary.thinkquest.org%2F26786%2Fen%2Farticles%2Fview.php3%3FarKey%3D4%26paKey%3D7%26loKey%3D0%26evKey%3D%26toKey%3D%26torKey%3D%26tolKey%3D&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-83">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Favero, Luigi e Tassello, Graziano. <i>Cent'anni di emigrazione italiana (1861–1961)</i> Introduction</span></li> <li id="cite_note-aire-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-aire_84-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://web.archive.org/web/20100227045432/http://www.interno.it/mininterno/export/sites/default/it/sezioni/servizi/legislazione/elezioni/0947_2010_02_01_DM27012010.html">«Statistiche del Ministero dell'Interno»</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 7 de junho de 2018</span>. Arquivado do <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.interno.it/mininterno/export/sites/default/it/sezioni/servizi/legislazione/elezioni/0947_2010_02_01_DM27012010.html">original</a> em 27 de fevereiro de 2010</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.btitle=Statistiche+del+Ministero+dell%27Interno&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.interno.it%2Fmininterno%2Fexport%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Fit%2Fsezioni%2Fservizi%2Flegislazione%2Felezioni%2F0947_2010_02_01_DM27012010.html&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-85">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Lee, Adam (3 de abril de 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.asteriscos.tv/dossier-3.html">«Unos 20 millones de personas que viven en la Argentina tienen algún grado de descendencia italiana»</a> (em espanhol)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 27 de junho de 2008</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://web.archive.org/web/20080611032202/http://www.asteriscos.tv/dossier-3.html">Cópia arquivada em 11 de junho de 2008</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.aufirst=Adam&amp;rft.aulast=Lee&amp;rft.btitle=Unos+20+millones+de+personas+que+viven+en+la+Argentina+tienen+alg%C3%BAn+grado+de+descendencia+italiana&amp;rft.date=2006-04-03&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.asteriscos.tv%2Fdossier-3.html&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-86">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://web.archive.org/web/20120212103430/http://www.consultanazionaleemigrazione.it/itestero/Gli_italiani_in_Brasile.pdf">«Gli italiani in Brasile»</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <i>Consulta Nazionale Emigrazione</i>. Progetto ITENETs. pp.&nbsp;11, 19<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 10 de setembro de 2008</span>. Arquivado do <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.consultanazionaleemigrazione.it/itestero/Gli_italiani_in_Brasile.pdf">original</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> em 12 de fevereiro de 2012</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.atitle=Gli+italiani+in+Brasile&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Consulta+Nazionale+Emigrazione&amp;rft.pages=11%2C+19&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.consultanazionaleemigrazione.it%2Fitestero%2FGli_italiani_in_Brasile.pdf&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-87">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://web.archive.org/web/20110511132255/http://www.hotelsclick.com/hoteles/UY/Uruguay-DEMOGRAF%25C3%25ADA-5.html">«Ethnic origins, 2006 counts, for Uruguay, provinces and territories – 20% sample data»</a>. Arquivado do <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.hotelsclick.com/hoteles/UY/Uruguay-DEMOGRAF%25C3%25ADA-5.html">original</a> em 11 de maio de 2011</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.btitle=Ethnic+origins%2C+2006+counts%2C+for+Uruguay%2C+provinces+and+territories+%93+20%25+sample+data&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hotelsclick.com%2Fhoteles%2FUY%2FUruguay-DEMOGRAF%25C3%25ADA-5.html&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-88">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Santander Laya-Garrido, Alfonso. <i>Los Italianos forjadores de la nacionalidad y del desarrollo economico en Venezuela</i>. Editorial Vadell. Valencia, 1978</span></li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-89">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">American FactFinder, United States Census Bureau. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://web.archive.org/web/20110430031737/http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/IPTable?_bm%3Dy%26-reg%3DACS_2006_EST_G00_S0201:543;ACS_2006_EST_G00_S0201PR:543;ACS_2006_EST_G00_S0201T:543;ACS_2006_EST_G00_S0201TPR:543%26-qr_name%3DACS_2006_EST_G00_S0201%26-qr_name%3DACS_2006_EST_G00_S0201PR%26-qr_name%3DACS_2006_EST_G00_S0201T%26-qr_name%3DACS_2006_EST_G00_S0201TPR%26-ds_name%3DACS_2006_EST_G00_%26-TABLE_NAMEX%3D%26-ci_type%3DA%26-redoLog%3Dtrue%26-charIterations%3D047%26-geo_id%3D01000US%26-geo_id%3DNBSP%26-format%3D%26-_lang%3Den">«U.S Census Bureau – Selected Population Profile in the United States»</a>. American FactFinder, United States Census Bureau<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 30 de maio de 2011</span>. Arquivado do <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/IPTable?_bm%3Dy%26-reg%3DACS_2006_EST_G00_S0201:543;ACS_2006_EST_G00_S0201PR:543;ACS_2006_EST_G00_S0201T:543;ACS_2006_EST_G00_S0201TPR:543%26-qr_name%3DACS_2006_EST_G00_S0201%26-qr_name%3DACS_2006_EST_G00_S0201PR%26-qr_name%3DACS_2006_EST_G00_S0201T%26-qr_name%3DACS_2006_EST_G00_S0201TPR%26-ds_name%3DACS_2006_EST_G00_%26-TABLE_NAMEX%3D%26-ci_type%3DA%26-redoLog%3Dtrue%26-charIterations%3D047%26-geo_id%3D01000US%26-geo_id%3DNBSP%26-format%3D%26-_lang%3Den">original</a> em 30 de abril de 2011</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.au=American+FactFinder%2C+United+States+Census+Bureau&amp;rft.btitle=U.S+Census+Bureau+%93+Selected+Population+Profile+in+the+United+States&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=American+FactFinder%2C+United+States+Census+Bureau&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffactfinder.census.gov%2Fservlet%2FIPTable%3F_bm%3Dy%26-reg%3DACS_2006_EST_G00_S0201%3A543%3BACS_2006_EST_G00_S0201PR%3A543%3BACS_2006_EST_G00_S0201T%3A543%3BACS_2006_EST_G00_S0201TPR%3A543%26-qr_name%3DACS_2006_EST_G00_S0201%26-qr_name%3DACS_2006_EST_G00_S0201PR%26-qr_name%3DACS_2006_EST_G00_S0201T%26-qr_name%3DACS_2006_EST_G00_S0201TPR%26-ds_name%3DACS_2006_EST_G00_%26-TABLE_NAMEX%3D%26-ci_type%3DA%26-redoLog%3Dtrue%26-charIterations%3D047%26-geo_id%3D01000US%26-geo_id%3DNBSP%26-format%3D%26-_lang%3Den&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-90">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://web.archive.org/web/20091101151108/http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census06/data/highlights/ethnic/pages/Page.cfm?Lang%3DE%26Geo%3DPR%26Code%3D01%26Data%3DCount%26Table%3D2%26StartRec%3D1%26Sort%3D3%26Display%3DAll%26CSDFilter%3D5000">«Ethnic origins, 2006 counts, for Canada, provinces and territories – 20% sample data»</a>. Arquivado do <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census06/data/highlights/ethnic/pages/Page.cfm?Lang%3DE%26Geo%3DPR%26Code%3D01%26Data%3DCount%26Table%3D2%26StartRec%3D1%26Sort%3D3%26Display%3DAll%26CSDFilter%3D5000">original</a> em 1 de novembro de 2009</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.btitle=Ethnic+origins%2C+2006+counts%2C+for+Canada%2C+provinces+and+territories+%93+20%25+sample+data&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww12.statcan.ca%2Fenglish%2Fcensus06%2Fdata%2Fhighlights%2Fethnic%2Fpages%2FPage.cfm%3FLang%3DE%26Geo%3DPR%26Code%3D01%26Data%3DCount%26Table%3D2%26StartRec%3D1%26Sort%3D3%26Display%3DAll%26CSDFilter%3D5000&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-91">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://web.archive.org/web/20071001032237/http://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/ABSNavigation/prenav/ViewData?action%3D404%26documentproductno%3D0%26documenttype%3DDetails%26order%3D1%26tabname%3DDetails%26areacode%3D0%26issue%3D2006%26producttype%3DCensus%2520Tables%26javascript%3Dtrue%26textversion%3Dfalse%26navmapdisplayed%3Dtrue%26breadcrumb%3DLPTD%26%26collection%3DCensus%26period%3D2006%26productlabel%3DAncestry%2520by%2520Country%2520of%2520Birth%2520of%2520Parents%2520-%2520Time%2520Series%2520Statistics%2520(2001,%25202006%2520Census%2520Years)%26producttype%3DCensus%2520Tables%26method%3DPlace%2520of%2520Usual%2520Residence%26topic%3DAncestry%26">«20680-Ancestry by Country of Birth of Parents – Time Series Statistics (2001, 2006 Census Years) – Australia»</a>. <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Australian_Bureau_of_Statistics?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Australian Bureau of Statistics">Australian Bureau of Statistics</a>. 27 de junho de 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 30 de dezembro de 2008</span>. Arquivado do <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/ABSNavigation/prenav/ViewData?action%3D404%26documentproductno%3D0%26documenttype%3DDetails%26order%3D1%26tabname%3DDetails%26areacode%3D0%26issue%3D2006%26producttype%3DCensus%2520Tables%26javascript%3Dtrue%26textversion%3Dfalse%26navmapdisplayed%3Dtrue%26breadcrumb%3DLPTD%26%26collection%3DCensus%26period%3D2006%26productlabel%3DAncestry%2520by%2520Country%2520of%2520Birth%2520of%2520Parents%2520-%2520Time%2520Series%2520Statistics%2520(2001,%25202006%2520Census%2520Years)%26producttype%3DCensus%2520Tables%26method%3DPlace%2520of%2520Usual%2520Residence%26topic%3DAncestry%26">original</a> em 1 de outubro de 2007</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.btitle=20680-Ancestry+by+Country+of+Birth+of+Parents+%93+Time+Series+Statistics+%282001%2C+2006+Census+Years%29+%93+Australia&amp;rft.date=2007-06-27&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Australian+Bureau+of+Statistics&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.censusdata.abs.gov.au%2FABSNavigation%2Fprenav%2FViewData%3Faction%3D404%26documentproductno%3D0%26documenttype%3DDetails%26order%3D1%26tabname%3DDetails%26areacode%3D0%26issue%3D2006%26producttype%3DCensus%2520Tables%26javascript%3Dtrue%26textversion%3Dfalse%26navmapdisplayed%3Dtrue%26breadcrumb%3DLPTD%26%26collection%3DCensus%26period%3D2006%26productlabel%3DAncestry%2520by%2520Country%2520of%2520Birth%2520of%2520Parents%2520-%2520Time%2520Series%2520Statistics%2520%282001%2C%25202006%2520Census%2520Years%29%26producttype%3DCensus%2520Tables%26method%3DPlace%2520of%2520Usual%2520Residence%26topic%3DAncestry%26&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-92">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Robin Cohen (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DBLo2RqGdv_wC%26pg%3DPA143%26dq%26hl%3Den%23v%3Donepage%26q%3D%26f%3Dfalse"><i>The Cambridge survey of world migration</i></a>. Cambridge: <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. p.&nbsp;143. <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/0-521-44405-5?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/0-521-44405-5">0-521-44405-5</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://web.archive.org/web/20160413151427/https://books.google.com/books?id%3DBLo2RqGdv_wC%26pg%3DPA143%26dq%26hl%3Den%23v%3Donepage%26q%3D%26f%3Dfalse">Cópia arquivada em 13 de abril de 2016</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.au=Robin+Cohen&amp;rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+survey+of+world+migration&amp;rft.date=1995&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=0-521-44405-5&amp;rft.pages=143&amp;rft.place=Cambridge&amp;rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBLo2RqGdv_wC%26pg%3DPA143%26dq%26hl%3Den%23v%3Donepage%26q%3D%26f%3Dfalse&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-93">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://web.archive.org/web/20171015174714/http://demo.istat.it/strasa2017/index_e.html">«Resident Foreigners on 31st December 2016»</a> (em inglês). Istat<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 15 de junho de 2017</span>. Arquivado do <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://demo.istat.it/strasa2017/index_e.html">original</a> em 15 de outubro de 2017</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.btitle=Resident+Foreigners+on+31st+December+2016&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Istat&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdemo.istat.it%2Fstrasa2017%2Findex_e.html&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-94">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://stra-dati.istat.it/Index.aspx">«Immigrants.Stat»</a>. Istat<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 15 de junho de 2017</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://web.archive.org/web/20170709143540/http://stra-dati.istat.it/Index.aspx">Cópia arquivada em 9 de julho de 2017</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.btitle=Immigrants.Stat&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Istat&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstra-dati.istat.it%2FIndex.aspx&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-95">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.istat.it/en/archive/201143">«National demographic balance 2016»</a> (em inglês). Istat<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 15 de junho de 2017</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.btitle=National+demographic+balance+2016&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Istat&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.istat.it%2Fen%2Farchive%2F201143&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-96">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.istat.it/en/archive/162261">«National demographic balance 2014»</a>. Istat<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 15 de junho de 2017</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://web.archive.org/web/20170502084016/http://www.istat.it/en/archive/162261">Cópia arquivada em 2 de maio de 2017</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.btitle=National+demographic+balance+2014&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Istat&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.istat.it%2Fen%2Farchive%2F162261&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-97">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Elisabeth Rosenthal (16 de maio de 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://web.archive.org/web/20130821061114/http://www.boston.com/news/world/europe/articles/2008/05/16/italy_cracks_down_on_illegal_immigration/">«Italy cracks down on illegal immigration»</a>. <i><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Boston_Globe?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The Boston Globe">The Boston Globe</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 7 de junho de 2018</span>. Arquivado do <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.boston.com/news/world/europe/articles/2008/05/16/italy_cracks_down_on_illegal_immigration/">original</a> em 21 de agosto de 2013</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.atitle=Italy+cracks+down+on+illegal+immigration&amp;rft.au=Elisabeth+Rosenthal&amp;rft.date=2008-05-16&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Boston+Globe&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.boston.com%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Farticles%2F2008%2F05%2F16%2Fitaly_cracks_down_on_illegal_immigration%2F&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-98">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Allen, Beverly (1997). <i>Revisioning Italy national identity and global culture</i>. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. p.&nbsp;169. <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/978-0-8166-2727-1?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/978-0-8166-2727-1">978-0-8166-2727-1</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.aufirst=Beverly&amp;rft.aulast=Allen&amp;rft.btitle=Revisioning+Italy+national+identity+and+global+culture&amp;rft.date=1997&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-8166-2727-1&amp;rft.pages=169&amp;rft.place=Minneapolis&amp;rft.pub=University+of+Minnesota+Press&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-99">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Willey, David (13 de abril de 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/6550725.stm">«Milan police in Chinatown clash»</a>. <i><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/BBC_News?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 28 de agosto de 2013</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.atitle=Milan+police+in+Chinatown+clash&amp;rft.aufirst=David&amp;rft.aulast=Willey&amp;rft.date=2007-04-13&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=BBC+News&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Feurope%2F6550725.stm&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-100">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://web.archive.org/web/20120305064429/http://www.ipsnews.net/news.asp?idnews%3D42404">«EUROPE: Home to Roma, And No Place for Them»</a>. <i><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inter_Press_Service?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Inter Press Service">IPS</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 7 de junho de 2018</span>. Arquivado do <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.ipsnews.net/news.asp?idnews%3D42404">original</a> em 5 de março de 2012</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.atitle=EUROPE%3A+Home+to+Roma%2C+And+No+Place+for+Them&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=IPS&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ipsnews.net%2Fnews.asp%3Fidnews%3D42404&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-101">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://web.archive.org/web/20081029110649/http://www.birn.eu.com/en/111/15/5745/">«Balkan Investigative Reporting Network»</a>. Birn.eu.com. 8 de novembro de 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 4 de novembro de 2008</span>. Arquivado do <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.birn.eu.com/en/111/15/5745/">original</a> em 29 de outubro de 2008</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.btitle=Balkan+Investigative+Reporting+Network&amp;rft.date=2007-11-08&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Birn.eu.com&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.birn.eu.com%2Fen%2F111%2F15%2F5745%2F&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-102">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Jéssica Martions Maraccini. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://web.archive.org/web/20160302133909/http://sinop.unemat.br/projetos/divalimt/teses/jessica_martins.pdf">«O talian: os processos de transmissão e manutenção linguística da comunidade ítal-gaúcha-norte-mato-grossense»</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 31 de maio de 2018</span>. Arquivado do <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://sinop.unemat.br/projetos/divalimt/teses/jessica_martins.pdf">original</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> em 2 de março de 2016</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.au=J%C3%A9ssica+Martions+Maraccini&amp;rft.btitle=O+talian%3A+os+processos+de+transmiss%C3%A3o+e+manuten%C3%A7%C3%A3o+lingu%C3stica+da+comunidade+%C3tal-ga%C3%BAcha-norte-mato-grossense&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsinop.unemat.br%2Fprojetos%2Fdivalimt%2Fteses%2Fjessica_martins.pdf&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-103">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.corriere.it/Primo_Piano/Cronache/2006/01_Gennaio/17/cattolici.shtml">«Italia, quasi l'88% si proclama cattolico»</a>. 31 de maio de 2018</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.btitle=Italia%2C+quasi+l%2788%25+si+proclama+cattolico&amp;rft.date=2018-05-31&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.corriere.it%2FPrimo_Piano%2FCronache%2F2006%2F01_Gennaio%2F17%2Fcattolici.shtml&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-104">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.britannica.com/place/Vatican-City">«Vatican City»</a>. <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 31 de maio de 2018</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.atitle=Vatican+City&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FVatican-City&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-105">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://web.archive.org/web/20170114073001/http://www.wingia.com/web/files/news/14/file/14.pdf">«Global index of religiosity and atheism»</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 12 de junho de 2018</span>. Arquivado do <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.wingia.com/web/files/news/14/file/14.pdf">original</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> em 14 de janeiro de 2017</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.btitle=Global+index+of+religiosity+and+atheism&amp;rft.date=2012&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wingia.com%2Fweb%2Ffiles%2Fnews%2F14%2Ffile%2F14.pdf&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-106">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.pewforum.org/2013/03/05/during-benedicts-papacy-religious-observance-among-catholics-in-europe-remained-low-but-stable/">During Benedict’s Papacy, Religious Observance Among Catholics in Europe Remained Low but Stable</a>. Acessado em 12/6/2018</span></li> <li id="cite_note-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-107">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Andrea Tornielli (21 de junho de 2012). La Stampa, ed. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.paulopes.com.br/2012/06/pesquisa-mostra-como-italia-caminha.html%23.UuA-QdJTut9">«Pesquisa mostra como a Itália caminha para secularização»</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 12 de junho de 2018</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.au=Andrea+Tornielli&amp;rft.btitle=Pesquisa+mostra+como+a+It%C3%A1lia+caminha+para+seculariza%C3%A7%C3%A3o&amp;rft.date=2012-06-21&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.paulopes.com.br%2F2012%2F06%2Fpesquisa-mostra-como-italia-caminha.html%23.UuA-QdJTut9&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-108">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://web.archive.org/web/20070525093837/http://www.ortodossia.it/it.html">«Sacra Arcidiocesi Ortodossa d'Italia e Malta ed Esarcato per l'Europa Meridionale»</a> (em italiano)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 2 de outubro de 2008</span>. Arquivado do <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.ortodossia.it/it.html">original</a> em 25 de maio de 2007</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.btitle=Sacra+Arcidiocesi+Ortodossa+d%27Italia+e+Malta+ed+Esarcato+per+l%27Europa+Meridionale&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ortodossia.it%2Fit.html&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-caritas-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><i><b><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-caritas_109-0">a</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-caritas_109-1">b</a></b></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://web.archive.org/web/20090304005600/http://www.db.caritas.glauco.it/caritas/dati/news/2004-05/25/Scheda.pdf">«Le religioni degli immigrati all'inizio del 2004:bgli effetti della regolarizzazione»</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. p.&nbsp;3. 5&nbsp;páginas<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 2 de outubro de 2008</span>. Arquivado do <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.db.caritas.glauco.it/caritas/dati/news/2004-05/25/Scheda.pdf">original</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> em 4 de março de 2009</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.btitle=Le+religioni+degli+immigrati+all%99inizio+del+2004%3Abgli+effetti+della+regolarizzazione&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pages=3&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.db.caritas.glauco.it%2Fcaritas%2Fdati%2Fnews%2F2004-05%2F25%2FScheda.pdf&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-110">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.cesnur.org/religioni_italia/t/testimoni_geova_02.htm">«Le religioni in Italia: I Testimoni di Geova:»</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.btitle=Le+religioni+in+Italia%3A+I+Testimoni+di+Geova%3A&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cesnur.org%2Freligioni_italia%2Ft%2Ftestimoni_geova_02.htm&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-111">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://archive.is/20120724023747/http://www.chiesavaldese.org/pages/storia/dove_viviamo.php%23">«Chiesa Evangelica Valdese - Unione delle chiese Metodiste e Valdesi:»</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 2 de outubro de 2008</span>. Arquivado do <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.chiesavaldese.org/pages/storia/dove_viviamo.php">original</a> em 24 de julho de 2012</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.btitle=Chiesa+Evangelica+Valdese+-+Unione+delle+chiese+Metodiste+e+Valdesi%3A&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chiesavaldese.org%2Fpages%2Fstoria%2Fdove_viviamo.php&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-112">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Europena Jewish Congress (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://web.archive.org/web/20160311191155/http://www.eurojewcong.org/communities/italy.html">«The jewish community of Italy»</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 12 de junho de 2018</span>. Arquivado do <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.eurojewcong.org/communities/italy.html">original</a> em 11 de março de 2016</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.btitle=The+jewish+community+of+Italy&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eurojewcong.org%2Fcommunities%2Fitaly.html&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-113">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4385768.stm">«Muslims in Europe: Country guide»</a>. <i>Europa</i> (em inglês). BBC News<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 12 de junho de 2018</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.atitle=Muslims+in+Europe%3A+Country+guide&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Europa&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Feurope%2F4385768.stm&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-114">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://web.archive.org/web/20070404034319/http://www.buddhismo.it/ente.htm">«Unione Buddhista Italiana: l'Ente»</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 12 de junho de 2018</span>. Arquivado do <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.buddhismo.it/ente.htm">original</a> em 4 de abril de 2007</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.btitle=Unione+Buddhista+Italiana%3A+l%27Ente&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.buddhismo.it%2Fente.htm&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-115">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.sgi-italia.org/">«Istituto Buddista Italiano Soka Gakkai»</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 12 de junho de 2018</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.btitle=Istituto+Buddista+Italiano+Soka+Gakkai&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sgi-italia.org%2F&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-116">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://web.archive.org/web/20090621064338/http://www.etnomedia.org/14.htm">«Etnomedia»</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 12 de junho de 2018</span>. Arquivado do <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.etnomedia.org/14.htm">original</a> em 21 de junho de 2009</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.btitle=Etnomedia&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.etnomedia.org%2F14.htm&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Constituição-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><i><b><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Constitui%C3%A7%C3%A3o_117-0">a</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Constitui%C3%A7%C3%A3o_117-1">b</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Constitui%C3%A7%C3%A3o_117-2">c</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Constitui%C3%A7%C3%A3o_117-3">d</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Constitui%C3%A7%C3%A3o_117-4">e</a></b></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://web.archive.org/web/20001206040100/http://www.quirinale.it/costituzione/costituzione.htm">«La Costituzione della Repubblica Italiana»</a> (em italiano)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 15 de março de 2008</span>. Arquivado do <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.quirinale.it/costituzione/costituzione.htm">original</a> em 6 de dezembro de 2000</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.btitle=La+Costituzione+della+Repubblica+Italiana&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.quirinale.it%2Fcostituzione%2Fcostituzione.htm&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Política-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><i><b><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Pol%C3%ADtica_118-0">a</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Pol%C3%ADtica_118-1">b</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Pol%C3%ADtica_118-2">c</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Pol%C3%ADtica_118-3">d</a></b></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.britannica.com/place/Italy/Government-and-society">«Government and society»</a>. <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 24 de maio de 2018</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.atitle=Government+and+society&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FItaly%2FGovernment-and-society&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-119">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://web.archive.org/web/20060206034617/http://www.difesa.it/Difesa-cittadino/Riforma%2Bdel%2BServizio%2BMilitare.htm">«Lei n°6433 of&nbsp;3 de setembro de 1999»</a>. Difesa.it<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 30 de outubro de 2010</span>. Arquivado do <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.difesa.it/Difesa-cittadino/Riforma%2Bdel%2BServizio%2BMilitare.htm">original</a> em 6 de fevereiro de 2006</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.btitle=Lei+n%B06433+of+3+de+setembro+de+1999&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Difesa.it&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.difesa.it%2FDifesa-cittadino%2FRiforma%2Bdel%2BServizio%2BMilitare.htm&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-IISS-120"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-IISS_120-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">"The Military Balance 2010", pp. 141–145. <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Institute_for_Strategic_Studies?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Institute for Strategic Studies">International Institute for Strategic Studies</a>, 3/2/2010.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-121"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-121">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Ministério da Defesa da Itália. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://web.archive.org/web/20090619203325/http://www.difesa.it/NR/rdonlyres/5EF11493-59DD-4FB7-8485-F4258D9F5891/0/Nota_Aggiuntiva_2009.pdf">«Nota aggiuntiva allo stato di previsione per la Difesa per l'anno 2009»</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> (em italiano)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 27 de abril de 2009</span>. Arquivado do <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.difesa.it/NR/rdonlyres/5EF11493-59DD-4FB7-8485-F4258D9F5891/0/Nota_Aggiuntiva_2009.pdf">original</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> em 19 de junho de 2009</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.au=Minist%C3%A9rio+da+Defesa+da+It%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.btitle=Nota+aggiuntiva+allo+stato+di+previsione+per+la+Difesa+per+l%27anno+2009&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.difesa.it%2FNR%2Frdonlyres%2F5EF11493-59DD-4FB7-8485-F4258D9F5891%2F0%2FNota_Aggiuntiva_2009.pdf&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-122"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-122">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.academia.edu/3801512/The_Quint_Acknowledging_the_Existence_of_a_Big-Four_US_Directoire_at_the_Heart_of_the_European_Union_s_Foreign_Policy_Decision-Making_Process">«The Quint: Acknowledging the Existence of a Big-Four – US Directoire at the Heart of the European Union's Foreign Policy Decision-Making Process»</a>. <i>Academia.edu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 5 de setembro de 2016</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.atitle=The+Quint%3A+Acknowledging+the+Existence+of+a+Big-Four+%93+US+Directoire+at+the+Heart+of+the+European+Union%99s+Foreign+Policy+Decision-Making+Process&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Academia.edu&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F3801512%2FThe_Quint_Acknowledging_the_Existence_of_a_Big-Four_US_Directoire_at_the_Heart_of_the_European_Union_s_Foreign_Policy_Decision-Making_Process&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-123"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-123">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Nolan, Janne (1 de dezembro de 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://books.google.it/books?id%3D-HlbZgdaa94C%26pg%3DPA323%26lpg%3DPA323%26dq%3DNATO%2520Quint%26source%3Dbl%26ots%3DV9HnRBeW13%26sig%3D1BIk6u6-d9H0pu8YQUbIg2vdWLA%26hl%3Dit%26sa%3DX%26ved%3D0CDIQ6AEwBzgKahUKEwil3pD2mZDHAhVHHh4KHUd7AGs"><i>Global Engagement: Cooperation and Security in the 21st Century</i></a>. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 5 de setembro de 2016</span> – via Google Books</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.aufirst=Janne&amp;rft.aulast=Nolan&amp;rft.btitle=Global+Engagement%3A+Cooperation+and+Security+in+the+21st+Century&amp;rft.date=2010-12-01&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&amp;rft.pub=Brookings+Institution+Press&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.it%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-HlbZgdaa94C%26pg%3DPA323%26lpg%3DPA323%26dq%3DNATO%2520Quint%26source%3Dbl%26ots%3DV9HnRBeW13%26sig%3D1BIk6u6-d9H0pu8YQUbIg2vdWLA%26hl%3Dit%26sa%3DX%26ved%3D0CDIQ6AEwBzgKahUKEwil3pD2mZDHAhVHHh4KHUd7AGs&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-124"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-124">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Hans M. Kristensen / Natural Resources Defense Council (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://web.archive.org/web/20090305175917/http://www.nrdc.org/nuclear/euro/euro_pt1.pdf">«NRDC: U.S. Nuclear Weapons in Europe – part 1»</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 30 de maio de 2011</span>. Arquivado do <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.nrdc.org/nuclear/euro/euro_pt1.pdf">original</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> em 5 de março de 2009</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.au=Hans+M.+Kristensen+%2F+Natural+Resources+Defense+Council&amp;rft.btitle=NRDC%3A+U.S.+Nuclear+Weapons+in+Europe+%93+part+1&amp;rft.date=2005&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nrdc.org%2Fnuclear%2Feuro%2Feuro_pt1.pdf&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-125"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-125">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Kierulf, John (2017). <i>Disarmament under International Law</i>. Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press. p.&nbsp;64</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.aufirst=John&amp;rft.aulast=Kierulf&amp;rft.btitle=Disarmament+under+International+Law&amp;rft.date=2017&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.pages=64&amp;rft.place=Montreal&amp;rft.pub=McGill-Queen%27s+University+Press&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-WAF16-126"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-WAF16_126-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://web.archive.org/web/20151211101037/https://www.flightglobal.com/asset/6297/waf/">«World Air Forces 2016»</a>. <i>FlightGlobal</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 5 de agosto de 2016</span>. Arquivado do <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.flightglobal.com/asset/6297/waf/">original</a> em 11 de dezembro de 2015</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.atitle=World+Air+Forces+2016&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=FlightGlobal&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.flightglobal.com%2Fasset%2F6297%2Fwaf%2F&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-127"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-127">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://web.archive.org/web/20161109085227/http://www.marina.difesa.it/cosa-facciamo/traffico_mercantile/Documents/SMM2_04_10_2016.pdf">«Stato Maggiore della Marina»</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <i>Marinha da Itália</i>. 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 12 de junho de 2018</span>. Arquivado do <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.marina.difesa.it/cosa-facciamo/traffico_mercantile/Documents/SMM2_04_10_2016.pdf">original</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> em 9 de novembro de 2016</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.atitle=Stato+Maggiore+della+Marina&amp;rft.date=2016&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Marinha+da+It%C3%A1lia&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.marina.difesa.it%2Fcosa-facciamo%2Ftraffico_mercantile%2FDocuments%2FSMM2_04_10_2016.pdf&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-SDDDP_a3yIQC_page_139-128"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><i><b><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-SDDDP_a3yIQC_page_139_128-0">a</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-SDDDP_a3yIQC_page_139_128-1">b</a></b></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DSDDDP_a3yIQC%26pg%3DPA100%26dq%3Doffshore%2Bnavy%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DX%26redir_esc%3Dy%23v%3Dsnippet%26q%3Dregional-blue%2520water%2520type%26f%3Dfalse">The Chinese Navy: Expanding Capabilities, Evolving Roles?</a>, 2012 (Footnote no. 16, page 139)</span></li> <li id="cite_note-129"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-129">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Sandra Lewis-Rice, John Maloney &amp; Marc-Antony Payne (2015). Flightglobal, ed. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://web.archive.org/web/20150724124115/http://www.flightglobal.com/waf2014"><i>World Air Forces directory 2016</i></a>. Sutton, Surrey, UK: [s.n.] p.&nbsp;19. Arquivado do <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.flightglobal.com/waf2014">original</a> em 24 de julho de 2015</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.au=Sandra+Lewis-Rice%2C+John+Maloney+%26+Marc-Antony+Payne&amp;rft.btitle=World+Air+Forces+directory+2016&amp;rft.date=2015&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.pages=19&amp;rft.place=Sutton%2C+Surrey%2C+UK&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.flightglobal.com%2Fwaf2014&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-2012_Aerospace-130"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-2012_Aerospace_130-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">"World Military Aircraft Inventory". <i>2012 Aerospace</i>. Aviation Week and Space Technology, January 2012.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-131"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-131">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://web.archive.org/web/20110430214042/http://www.carabinieri.it/Internet/Multilingua/EN/GoverningBodies/">«The Carabinieri Force is linked to the Ministry of Defence»</a>. Carabinieri<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 14 de maio de 2010</span>. Arquivado do <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.carabinieri.it/Internet/Multilingua/EN/GoverningBodies/">original</a> em 30 de abril de 2011</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.btitle=The+Carabinieri+Force+is+linked+to+the+Ministry+of+Defence&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Carabinieri&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.carabinieri.it%2FInternet%2FMultilingua%2FEN%2FGoverningBodies%2F&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-132"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-132">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.spiegel.de/international/0,1518,460967,00.html">Is the Vatican a Rogue State?</a>" <i><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Spiegel?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Spiegel">Spiegel</a></i>. 19/1/2007. Acessado em 25/8/2010.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-133"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-133">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Claudio Tucci (11 de novembro de 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.ilsole24ore.com/art/SoleOnLine4/Economia%2520e%2520Lavoro/2008/11/confesercenti-mafia-racket-pizzo.shtml?uuid%3D20ff3b9c-afe7-11dd-8057-9c09c8bfa449">«Confesercenti, la crisi economica rende ancor più pericolosa la mafia»</a> (em italiano). Ilsole24ore.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 21 de abril de 2011</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://web.archive.org/web/20110427081220/http://www.ilsole24ore.com/art/SoleOnLine4/Economia%2520e%2520Lavoro/2008/11/confesercenti-mafia-racket-pizzo.shtml?uuid%3D20ff3b9c-afe7-11dd-8057-9c09c8bfa449">Cópia arquivada em 27 de abril de 2011</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.au=Claudio+Tucci&amp;rft.btitle=Confesercenti%2C+la+crisi+economica+rende+ancor+pi%C3%B9+pericolosa+la+mafia&amp;rft.date=2008-11-11&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Ilsole24ore.com&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ilsole24ore.com%2Fart%2FSoleOnLine4%2FEconomia%2520e%2520Lavoro%2F2008%2F11%2Fconfesercenti-mafia-racket-pizzo.shtml%3Fuuid%3D20ff3b9c-afe7-11dd-8057-9c09c8bfa449&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-134"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-134">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Nick Squires (9 de janeiro de 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/italy/6957240/Italy-claims-finally-defeating-the-mafia.html">«Italy claims finally defeating the mafia»</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 21 de abril de 2011</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://web.archive.org/web/20110429173631/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/italy/6957240/Italy-claims-finally-defeating-the-mafia.html">Cópia arquivada em 29 de abril de 2011</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.au=Nick+Squires&amp;rft.btitle=Italy+claims+finally+defeating+the+mafia&amp;rft.date=2010-01-09&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworldnews%2Feurope%2Fitaly%2F6957240%2FItaly-claims-finally-defeating-the-mafia.html&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-135"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-135">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Kiefer, Peter (22 de outubro de 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/22/world/europe/22iht-italy.4.8001812.html?_r%3D1">«Mafia crime is 7% of GDP in Italy, group reports»</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 19 de abril de 2011</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://web.archive.org/web/20110501085052/https://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/22/world/europe/22iht-italy.4.8001812.html?_r%3D1">Cópia arquivada em 1 de maio de 2011</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.atitle=Mafia+crime+is+7%25+of+GDP+in+Italy%2C+group+reports&amp;rft.aufirst=Peter&amp;rft.aulast=Kiefer&amp;rft.date=2007-10-22&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2007%2F10%2F22%2Fworld%2Feurope%2F22iht-italy.4.8001812.html%3F_r%3D1&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-136"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-136">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Maria Loi (1 de outubro de 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://web.archive.org/web/20110429082416/http://www.antimafiaduemila.com/content/view/20052/78/">«Rapporto Censis: 13 milioni di italiani convivono con la mafia»</a> (em italiano). Antimafia Duemila<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 21 de abril de 2011</span>. Arquivado do <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.antimafiaduemila.com/content/view/20052/78/">original</a> em 29 de abril de 2011</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.au=Maria+Loi&amp;rft.btitle=Rapporto+Censis%3A+13+milioni+di+italiani+convivono+con+la+mafia&amp;rft.date=2009-10-01&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Antimafia+Duemila&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.antimafiaduemila.com%2Fcontent%2Fview%2F20052%2F78%2F&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-137"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-137">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Kington, Tom (1 de outubro de 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/oct/01/mafia-influence-hovers-over-italians">«Mafia's influence hovers over 13&nbsp;m Italians, says report»</a>. Londres<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 5 de maio de 2010</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://web.archive.org/web/20130908050448/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/oct/01/mafia-influence-hovers-over-italians">Cópia arquivada em 8 de setembro de 2013</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.atitle=Mafia%27s+influence+hovers+over+13+m+Italians%2C+says+report&amp;rft.aufirst=Tom&amp;rft.aulast=Kington&amp;rft.date=2009-10-01&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2009%2Foct%2F01%2Fmafia-influence-hovers-over-italians&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-138"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-138">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">ANSA (14 de março de 2011). Mafia Today, ed. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://mafiatoday.com/sicilian-mafia-ndrangheta/italy-anti-mafia-police-arrest-35-suspects-in-northern-lombardy-region/">«Italy: Anti-mafia police arrest 35 suspects in northern Lombardy region»</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 21 de abril de 2011</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://web.archive.org/web/20110429100220/http://mafiatoday.com/sicilian-mafia-ndrangheta/italy-anti-mafia-police-arrest-35-suspects-in-northern-lombardy-region/">Cópia arquivada em 29 de abril de 2011</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.au=ANSA&amp;rft.btitle=Italy%3A+Anti-mafia+police+arrest+35+suspects+in+northern+Lombardy+region&amp;rft.date=2011-03-14&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmafiatoday.com%2Fsicilian-mafia-ndrangheta%2Fitaly-anti-mafia-police-arrest-35-suspects-in-northern-lombardy-region%2F&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-NationMaster.com-139"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-NationMaster.com_139-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.nationmaster.com/graph/cri_mur_percap-crime-murders-per-capita">«Crime Statistics – Murders (per capita) (most recent) by country»</a>. NationMaster.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 4 de abril de 2010</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://web.archive.org/web/20080929181837/http://www.nationmaster.com/graph/cri_mur_percap-crime-murders-per-capita">Cópia arquivada em 29 de setembro de 2008</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.btitle=Crime+Statistics+%93+Murders+%28per+capita%29+%28most+recent%29+by+country&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=NationMaster.com&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationmaster.com%2Fgraph%2Fcri_mur_percap-crime-murders-per-capita&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-RI-140"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><i><b><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-RI_140-0">a</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-RI_140-1">b</a></b></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.britannica.com/place/Italy/Immigration-and-foreign-policy">«Immigration and foreign policy»</a>. <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 26 de maio de 2018</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.atitle=Immigration+and+foreign+policy&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FItaly%2FImmigration-and-foreign-policy&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-141"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-141">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Correio_da_Manh%C3%A3_(Portugal)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Correio da Manhã (Portugal)">Correio da Manhã</a>, ed. (19 de janeiro de 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.cmjornal.pt/cm-ao-minuto/detalhe/italia-retira-tropas-do-iraque">«Itália retira tropas do Iraque»</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 8 de junho de 2018</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.btitle=It%C3%A1lia+retira+tropas+do+Iraque&amp;rft.date=2006-01-19&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cmjornal.pt%2Fcm-ao-minuto%2Fdetalhe%2Fitalia-retira-tropas-do-iraque&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-NewsMax-142"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-NewsMax_142-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.corriere.it/Primo_Piano/Cronache/2006/08_Agosto/29/libano.shtml">Soldados italianos vão para o Líbano</a> <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Corriere_della_Sera?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Corriere della Sera">Corriere della Sera</a>, 30/8/2006</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Vinho-143"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><i><b><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Vinho_143-0">a</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Vinho_143-1">b</a></b></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Pisa, Nick (12 de junho de 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/foodanddrink/wine/8571222/Italy-overtakes-France-to-become-worlds-largest-wine-producer.html">«Italy overtakes France to become world's largest wine producer»</a>. <i>The Telegraph</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 17 de agosto de 2011</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.atitle=Italy+overtakes+France+to+become+world%27s+largest+wine+producer&amp;rft.aufirst=Nick&amp;rft.aulast=Pisa&amp;rft.date=2011-06-12&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Ffoodanddrink%2Fwine%2F8571222%2FItaly-overtakes-France-to-become-worlds-largest-wine-producer.html&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Turismo-144"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><i><b><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Turismo_144-0">a</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Turismo_144-1">b</a></b></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://web.archive.org/web/20070702200433/http://www.world-tourism.org/facts/eng/pdf/highlights/2005_eng_high.pdf">«Recibos Internacionais de Turismo»</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <i>UNWTO Destaques do Turismo, Edição 2005</i>. <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Organiza%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Mundial_do_Turismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Organização Mundial do Turismo">Organização Mundial do Turismo</a>. 12&nbsp;páginas<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 24 de maio de 2006</span>. Arquivado do <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.world-tourism.org/facts/eng/pdf/highlights/2005_eng_high.pdf">original</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> em 2 de julho de 2007</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.atitle=Recibos+Internacionais+de+Turismo&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=UNWTO+Destaques+do+Turismo%2C+Edi%C3%A7%C3%A3o+2005&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.world-tourism.org%2Ffacts%2Feng%2Fpdf%2Fhighlights%2F2005_eng_high.pdf&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-145"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-145">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://siteresources.worldbank.org/DATASTATISTICS/Resources/GDP.pdf">Estatísticas</a>. <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Banco_Mundial?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Banco Mundial">Banco Mundial</a>. Acessado em 16/2/2012</span></li> <li id="cite_note-146"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-146">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://web.archive.org/web/20121018211314/http://siteresources.worldbank.org/DATASTATISTICS/Resources/GDP_PPP.pdf">«Estatísticas PPC»</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Banco Mundial<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 16 de fevereiro de 2012</span>. Arquivado do <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://siteresources.worldbank.org/DATASTATISTICS/Resources/GDP_PPP.pdf">original</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> em 18 de outubro de 2012</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.btitle=Estat%C3sticas+PPC&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Banco+Mundial&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsiteresources.worldbank.org%2FDATASTATISTICS%2FResources%2FGDP_PPP.pdf&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-147"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-147">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://web.archive.org/web/20100225143346/http://www.careersineurope.hobsons.com/country_italy.aspx">«Hobsons Careers in Europe | Country profiles»</a>. Careersineurope.hobsons.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 2 de agosto de 2010</span>. Arquivado do <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.careersineurope.hobsons.com/country_italy.aspx">original</a> em 25 de fevereiro de 2010</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.btitle=Hobsons+Careers+in+Europe+%26%23124%3B+Country+profiles&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Careersineurope.hobsons.com&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.careersineurope.hobsons.com%2Fcountry_italy.aspx&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-148"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-148">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://web.archive.org/web/20090711153813/http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/cache/ITY_PUBLIC/2-25062009-BP/EN/2-25062009-BP-EN.PDF">«GDP per capita in PPS»</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Eurostat<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 25 de junho de 2009</span>. Arquivado do <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/cache/ITY_PUBLIC/2-25062009-BP/EN/2-25062009-BP-EN.PDF">original</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> em 11 de julho de 2009</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.btitle=GDP+per+capita+in+PPS&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Eurostat&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fepp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu%2Fcache%2FITY_PUBLIC%2F2-25062009-BP%2FEN%2F2-25062009-BP-EN.PDF&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-149"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-149">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://web.archive.org/web/20100826085559/http://tg24.sky.it/tg24/economia/2010/06/14/ocse_tasso_disoccupazione_invariato_1.html">«Ocse, tasso di disoccupazione stabile nell'eurozona»</a>. <i>Sky TG24</i>. 14 de junho de 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 12 de junho de 2018</span>. Arquivado do <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://tg24.sky.it/tg24/economia/2010/06/14/ocse_tasso_disoccupazione_invariato_1.html">original</a> em 26 de agosto de 2010</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.atitle=Ocse%2C+tasso+di+disoccupazione+stabile+nell%27eurozona&amp;rft.date=2010-06-14&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Sky+TG24&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftg24.sky.it%2Ftg24%2Feconomia%2F2010%2F06%2F14%2Focse_tasso_disoccupazione_invariato_1.html&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-devp3-150"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><i><b><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-devp3_150-0">a</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-devp3_150-1">b</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-devp3_150-2">c</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-devp3_150-3">d</a></b></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://web.archive.org/web/20110401104104/http://dev.prenhall.com/divisions/hss/worldreference/IT/economics.html">«Italy – Economics»</a>. Dev.prenhall.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 2 de agosto de 2010</span>. Arquivado do <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://dev.prenhall.com/divisions/hss/worldreference/IT/economics.html">original</a> em 1 de abril de 2011</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.btitle=Italy+%93+Economics&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Dev.prenhall.com&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdev.prenhall.com%2Fdivisions%2Fhss%2Fworldreference%2FIT%2Feconomics.html&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-151"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-151">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://web.archive.org/web/20080623065619/http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/ECAEXT/0,,contentMDK:21808326~menuPK:258604~pagePK:2865106~piPK:2865128~theSitePK:258599,00.html">«Knowledge Economy Forum 2008: Innovative Small And Medium Enterprises Are Key To Europe &amp; Central Asian Growth»</a>. The World Bank. 19 de maio de 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 17 de junho de 2008</span>. Arquivado do <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/ECAEXT/0,,contentMDK:21808326~menuPK:258604~pagePK:2865106~piPK:2865128~theSitePK:258599,00.html">original</a> em 23 de junho de 2008</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.atitle=Knowledge+Economy+Forum+2008%3A+Innovative+Small+And+Medium+Enterprises+Are+Key+To+Europe+%26+Central+Asian+Growth&amp;rft.date=2005-05-19&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fweb.worldbank.org%2FWBSITE%2FEXTERNAL%2FCOUNTRIES%2FECAEXT%2F0%2C%2CcontentMDK%3A21808326~menuPK%3A258604~pagePK%3A2865106~piPK%3A2865128~theSitePK%3A258599%2C00.html&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-152"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-152">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.wto.org/english/news_e/pres10_e/pr598_e.htm">«2010 Press Releases – Trade to expand by 9.5% in 2010 after a dismal 2009, WTO reports – Press/598»</a>. WTO<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 30 de maio de 2011</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.btitle=2010+Press+Releases+%93+Trade+to+expand+by+9.5%25+in+2010+after+a+dismal+2009%2C+WTO+reports+%93+Press%2F598&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=WTO&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wto.org%2Fenglish%2Fnews_e%2Fpres10_e%2Fpr598_e.htm&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-153"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-153">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.trademap.org/(X(1)S(wxymkd45vpinba45qduyc345))/Country_SelProduct.aspx?nvpm%3D1%257C%257C%257C%257C%257CTOTAL%257C%257C%257C2%257C1%257C1%257C2%257C1%257C1%257C2%257C1%257C1%26AspxAutoDetectCookieSupport%3D1">«Trade Map - List of exporters for the selected product in 2022 (All products)»</a>. <i>www.trademap.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 12 de março de 2024</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.atitle=Trade+Map+-+List+of+exporters+for+the+selected+product+in+2022+%28All+products%29&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=www.trademap.org&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.trademap.org%2F%28X%281%29S%28wxymkd45vpinba45qduyc345%29%29%2FCountry_SelProduct.aspx%3Fnvpm%3D1%257C%257C%257C%257C%257CTOTAL%257C%257C%257C2%257C1%257C1%257C2%257C1%257C1%257C2%257C1%257C1%26AspxAutoDetectCookieSupport%3D1&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-154"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-154">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://en.abrams.wiki/solutions/market-intelligence">«Opportunities and risks in world trade at a glance - ABRAMS world trade wiki»</a>. <i>en.abrams.wiki</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 12 de março de 2024</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.atitle=Opportunities+and+risks+in+world+trade+at+a+glance+-+ABRAMS+world+trade+wiki&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=en.abrams.wiki&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.abrams.wiki%2Fsolutions%2Fmarket-intelligence&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-155"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-155">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.trademap.org/tradestat/Country_SelProduct_TS.aspx?nvpm%3D1%257c%257c%257c%257c%257cTOTAL%257c%257c%257c2%257c1%257c1%257c1%257c2%257c1%257c2%257c1%257c1%257c1">«International Trade Statistics»</a>. <i>International Trade Centre</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 25 de agosto de 2020</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.atitle=International+Trade+Statistics&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=International+Trade+Centre&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.trademap.org%2Ftradestat%2FCountry_SelProduct_TS.aspx%3Fnvpm%3D1%257c%257c%257c%257c%257cTOTAL%257c%257c%257c2%257c1%257c1%257c1%257c2%257c1%257c2%257c1%257c1%257c1&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-cia.gov-156"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-cia.gov_156-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://web.archive.org/web/20110211144943/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/it.html">«CIA – The World Factbook»</a>. <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/CIA?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="CIA">CIA</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 26 de janeiro de 2011</span>. Arquivado do <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/it.html">original</a> em 11 de fevereiro de 2011</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.btitle=CIA+%93+The+World+Factbook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=CIA&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Flibrary%2Fpublications%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fgeos%2Fit.html&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-157"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-157">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://web.archive.org/web/20120105081502/http://mkt.unwto.org/sites/all/files/docpdf/unwtohighlights11enhr_1.pdf">«Estimativas»</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Organização Mundial de Turismo. Arquivado do <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://mkt.unwto.org/sites/all/files/docpdf/unwtohighlights11enhr_1.pdf">original</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> em 5 de janeiro de 2012</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.btitle=Estimativas&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Organiza%C3%A7%C3%A3o+Mundial+de+Turismo&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmkt.unwto.org%2Fsites%2Fall%2Ffiles%2Fdocpdf%2Funwtohighlights11enhr_1.pdf&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-158"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-158">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Nicholas Crafts, Gianni Toniolo (1996). <i>Economic growth in Europe since 1945</i>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p.&nbsp;428. <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/0-521-49627-6?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/0-521-49627-6">0-521-49627-6</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.au=Nicholas+Crafts%2C+Gianni+Toniolo&amp;rft.btitle=Economic+growth+in+Europe+since+1945&amp;rft.date=1996&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=0-521-49627-6&amp;rft.pages=428&amp;rft.place=Cambridge&amp;rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-159"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-159">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurostat?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eurostat">Eurostat</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://web.archive.org/web/20090208083114/http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/tgm/table.do?tab%3Dtable%26init%3D1%26plugin%3D1%26language%3Den%26pcode%3Dtsieb020">«Real GDP growth rate – Growth rate of GDP volume – percentage change on previous year»</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 10 de maio de 2009</span>. Arquivado do <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/tgm/table.do?tab%3Dtable%26init%3D1%26plugin%3D1%26language%3Den%26pcode%3Dtsieb020">original</a> em 8 de fevereiro de 2009</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.au=Eurostat&amp;rft.btitle=Real+GDP+growth+rate+%93+Growth+rate+of+GDP+volume+%93+percentage+change+on+previous+year&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fepp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu%2Ftgm%2Ftable.do%3Ftab%3Dtable%26init%3D1%26plugin%3D1%26language%3Den%26pcode%3Dtsieb020&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-160"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-160">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://web.archive.org/web/20110501045213/http://www.europolitics.info/economy-monetary-affairs/deficits-increase-in-eurozone-and-eu-artb287086-50.html">«Europolitics»</a>. Europolitics.info<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 26 de janeiro de 2011</span>. Arquivado do <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.europolitics.info/economy-monetary-affairs/deficits-increase-in-eurozone-and-eu-artb287086-50.html">original</a> em 1 de maio de 2011</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.btitle=Europolitics&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Europolitics.info&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.europolitics.info%2Feconomy-monetary-affairs%2Fdeficits-increase-in-eurozone-and-eu-artb287086-50.html&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-161"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-161">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://web.archive.org/web/20110430030613/http://www.cnbc.com/id/37207942/Could_Italy_Be_Better_Off_than_its_Peers">«Could Italy Be Better Off than its Peers?»</a>. CNBC. 18 de maio de 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 30 de maio de 2011</span>. Arquivado do <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.cnbc.com/id/37207942/Could_Italy_Be_Better_Off_than_its_Peers">original</a> em 30 de abril de 2011</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.btitle=Could+Italy+Be+Better+Off+than+its+Peers%3F&amp;rft.date=2010-05-18&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=CNBC&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnbc.com%2Fid%2F37207942%2FCould_Italy_Be_Better_Off_than_its_Peers&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-europa.eu-162"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-europa.eu_162-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://europa.eu/rapid/pressReleasesAction.do?reference%3DSTAT/09/23%26format%3DHTML%26aged%3D0%26language%3DEN%26guiLanguage%3Den">«EUROPA – Press Releases – Regional GDP per inhabitant in the EU27, GDP per inhabitant in 2006 ranged from 25% of the EU27 average in Nord-Est in Romania to 336% in Inner London»</a>. Europa. 19 de fevereiro de 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 30 de outubro de 2010</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.btitle=EUROPA+%93+Press+Releases+%93+Regional+GDP+per+inhabitant+in+the+EU27%2C+GDP+per+inhabitant+in+2006+ranged+from+25%25+of+the+EU27+average+in+Nord-Est+in+Romania+to+336%25+in+Inner+London&amp;rft.date=2009-02-19&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Europa&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feuropa.eu%2Frapid%2FpressReleasesAction.do%3Freference%3DSTAT%2F09%2F23%26format%3DHTML%26aged%3D0%26language%3DEN%26guiLanguage%3Den&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-163"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-163">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.economist.com/opinion/displaystory.cfm?story_id%3D3987219">«The real sick man of Europe»</a>. The Economist. 19 de maio de 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 10 de maio de 2009</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.atitle=The+real+sick+man+of+Europe&amp;rft.date=2005-05-19&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fopinion%2Fdisplaystory.cfm%3Fstory_id%3D3987219&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-164"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-164">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/comment/3557277/Italy-The-sick-man-of-Europe.html">«Italy: The sick man of Europe»</a>. Londres: The Daily Telegraph. 29 de dezembro de 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 10 de maio de 2009</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.atitle=Italy%3A+The+sick+man+of+Europe&amp;rft.date=2008-12-29&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fcomment%2F3557277%2FItaly-The-sick-man-of-Europe.html&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-165"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-165">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurostat?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eurostat">Eurostat</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://web.archive.org/web/20090619173235/http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/cache/ITY_OFFPUB/KS-DK-08-001/EN/KS-DK-08-001-EN.PDF">«Energy, transport and environment indicators»</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 10 de maio de 2009</span>. Arquivado do <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/cache/ITY_OFFPUB/KS-DK-08-001/EN/KS-DK-08-001-EN.PDF">original</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> em 19 de junho de 2009</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.atitle=Energy%2C+transport+and+environment+indicators&amp;rft.au=Eurostat&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fepp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu%2Fcache%2FITY_OFFPUB%2FKS-DK-08-001%2FEN%2FKS-DK-08-001-EN.PDF&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-166"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-166">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurostat?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eurostat">Eurostat</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/cache/ITY_OFFPUB/KS-GH-09-001/EN/KS-GH-09-001-EN.PDF">«Panorama of energy»</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 10 de maio de 2009</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.atitle=Panorama+of+energy&amp;rft.au=Eurostat&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fepp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu%2Fcache%2FITY_OFFPUB%2FKS-GH-09-001%2FEN%2FKS-GH-09-001-EN.PDF&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-167"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-167">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://web.archive.org/web/20091222093643/http://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/sources/docgener/informat/country2009/it_en.pdf">«European Cohesion Policy in Italy»</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 30 de outubro de 2010</span>. Arquivado do <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/sources/docgener/informat/country2009/it_en.pdf">original</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> em 22 de dezembro de 2009</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.btitle=European+Cohesion+Policy+in+Italy&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fec.europa.eu%2Fregional_policy%2Fsources%2Fdocgener%2Finformat%2Fcountry2009%2Fit_en.pdf&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-economicfreedom-168"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-economicfreedom_168-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://web.archive.org/web/20080503060552/http://www.heritage.org/research/features/index/country.cfm?ID%3DItaly">«Índice de Liberdade Econômica»</a>. <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Heritage_Foundation?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Heritage Foundation">Heritage Foundation</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 4 de novembro de 2008</span>. Arquivado do <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.heritage.org/research/features/index/country.cfm?ID%3DItaly">original</a> em 3 de maio de 2008</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.btitle=%C3ndice+de+Liberdade+Econ%C3%B4mica&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Heritage+Foundation&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.heritage.org%2Fresearch%2Ffeatures%2Findex%2Fcountry.cfm%3FID%3DItaly&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-169"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-169">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eurostat?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eurostat">Eurostat</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://web.archive.org/web/20090619173410/http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/cache/ITY_OFFPUB/KS-SF-08-091/EN/KS-SF-08-091-EN.PDF">«R&amp;D Expenditure and Personnel»</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 10 de maio de 2009</span>. Arquivado do <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/cache/ITY_OFFPUB/KS-SF-08-091/EN/KS-SF-08-091-EN.PDF">original</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> em 19 de junho de 2009</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.au=Eurostat&amp;rft.btitle=R%26D+Expenditure+and+Personnel&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fepp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu%2Fcache%2FITY_OFFPUB%2FKS-SF-08-091%2FEN%2FKS-SF-08-091-EN.PDF&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-mafia-7-170"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-mafia-7_170-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Kiefer, Peter (22 de outubro de 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/22/world/europe/22iht-italy.4.8001812.html">«Mafia crime is 7% of GDP in Italy, group reports»</a>. <i><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/New_York_Times?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times">New York Times</a></i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.atitle=Mafia+crime+is+7%25+of+GDP+in+Italy%2C+group+reports&amp;rft.aufirst=Peter&amp;rft.aulast=Kiefer&amp;rft.date=2007-10-22&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2007%2F10%2F22%2Fworld%2Feurope%2F22iht-italy.4.8001812.html&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-171"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-171">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://web.archive.org/web/20071026053143/http://www.euromonitor.com/Top_150_City_Destinations_London_Leads_the_Way">«Top 150 City Destinations London Leads the Way &gt; Euromonitor archive»</a>. Euromonitor.com. 11 de outubro de 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 27 de outubro de 2009</span>. Arquivado do <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.euromonitor.com/Top_150_City_Destinations_London_Leads_the_Way">original</a> em 26 de outubro de 2007</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.btitle=Top+150+City+Destinations+London+Leads+the+Way+%3E+Euromonitor+archive&amp;rft.date=2007-10-11&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Euromonitor.com&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.euromonitor.com%2FTop_150_City_Destinations_London_Leads_the_Way&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-172"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-172">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://webecoist.com/2009/06/03/10-of-the-worlds-most-beautiful-ancient-cities/">«10 of the World's Most Beautiful Ancient Cities | WebEcoist | Green Living»</a>. WebEcoist<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 27 de outubro de 2009</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.btitle=10+of+the+World%27s+Most+Beautiful+Ancient+Cities+%26%23124%3B+WebEcoist+%26%23124%3B+Green+Living&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=WebEcoist&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwebecoist.com%2F2009%2F06%2F03%2F10-of-the-worlds-most-beautiful-ancient-cities%2F&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-173"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-173">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Barzini, Luigi (30 de maio de 1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.nytimes.com/1982/05/30/books/the-most-beautiful-city-in-the-world.html?sec%3D%26spon%3D%26pagewanted%3D2">«The Most Beautiful City In The World»</a>. New York Times<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 27 de outubro de 2009</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.atitle=The+Most+Beautiful+City+In+The+World&amp;rft.aufirst=Luigi&amp;rft.aulast=Barzini&amp;rft.date=1982-05-30&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1982%2F05%2F30%2Fbooks%2Fthe-most-beautiful-city-in-the-world.html%3Fsec%3D%26spon%3D%26pagewanted%3D2&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-174"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-174">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://nation-branding.info/2009/10/07/nation-brands-index-2009/">«Nation Brands Index 2009 – Nation Branding»</a>. 7 de outubro de 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 12 de março de 2024</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.btitle=Nation+Brands+Index+2009+%93+Nation+Branding&amp;rft.date=2009-10-07&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnation-branding.info%2F2009%2F10%2F07%2Fnation-brands-index-2009%2F&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-175"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-175">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://web.archive.org/web/20141218192603/http://www.fsitaliane.it/fsi-en/GROUP/Safety-and-Technology/Frecciarossa1000:-the-train-of-the-future/Frecciarossa-1000-in-Figures">«Frecciarossa 1000 in Figures»</a>. Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 24 de novembro de 2014</span>. Arquivado do <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.fsitaliane.it/fsi-en/GROUP/Safety-and-Technology/Frecciarossa1000:-the-train-of-the-future/Frecciarossa-1000-in-Figures">original</a> em 18 de dezembro de 2014</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.btitle=Frecciarossa+1000+in+Figures&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Ferrovie+dello+Stato+Italiane&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsitaliane.it%2Ffsi-en%2FGROUP%2FSafety-and-Technology%2FFrecciarossa1000%3A-the-train-of-the-future%2FFrecciarossa-1000-in-Figures&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-176"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-176">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.railway-technology.com/projects/frecciarossa-1000-very-high-speed-train/">«Frecciarossa 1000 Very High-Speed Train»</a>. Railway Technology<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 5 de maio de 2016</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.btitle=Frecciarossa+1000+Very+High-Speed+Train&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Railway+Technology&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.railway-technology.com%2Fprojects%2Ffrecciarossa-1000-very-high-speed-train%2F&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-177"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-177">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://web.archive.org/web/20050312011423/http://www.autostrade.it/en/index.html">«Autostrade per l'Italia SpA»</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 2 de outubro de 2008</span>. Arquivado do <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.autostrade.it/en/index.html">original</a> em 12 de março de 2005</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.btitle=Autostrade+per+l%27Italia+SpA&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.autostrade.it%2Fen%2Findex.html&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-European_Commission-178"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><i><b><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-European_Commission_178-0">a</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-European_Commission_178-1">b</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-European_Commission_178-2">c</a></b></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Comiss%C3%A3o_Europeia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Comissão Europeia">Comissão Europeia</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://web.archive.org/web/20090407142402/http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/cache/ITY_OFFPUB/KS-DA-07-001/EN/KS-DA-07-001-EN.PDF">«Panorama of Transport»</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 3 de maio de 2009</span>. Arquivado do <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/cache/ITY_OFFPUB/KS-DA-07-001/EN/KS-DA-07-001-EN.PDF">original</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> em 7 de abril de 2009</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.au=Comiss%C3%A3o+Europeia&amp;rft.btitle=Panorama+of+Transport&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fepp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu%2Fcache%2FITY_OFFPUB%2FKS-DA-07-001%2FEN%2FKS-DA-07-001-EN.PDF&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-European_Commission2-179"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-European_Commission2_179-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Comiss%C3%A3o_Europeia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Comissão Europeia">Comissão Europeia</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://web.archive.org/web/20090407142402/http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/cache/ITY_OFFPUB/KS-DA-07-001/EN/KS-DA-07-001-EN.PDF">«Panorama of Transport»</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 3 de maio de 2009</span>. Arquivado do <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/cache/ITY_OFFPUB/KS-DA-07-001/EN/KS-DA-07-001-EN.PDF">original</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> em 7 de abril de 2009</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.au=Comiss%C3%A3o+Europeia&amp;rft.btitle=Panorama+of+Transport&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fepp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu%2Fcache%2FITY_OFFPUB%2FKS-DA-07-001%2FEN%2FKS-DA-07-001-EN.PDF&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-180"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-180">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://web.archive.org/web/20071113200218/http://www.camera.it/parlam/leggi/06296l.htm">«Law 27 December 2007, n.296»</a>. Italian Parliament<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 30 de setembro de 2012</span>. Arquivado do <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.camera.it/parlam/leggi/06296l.htm">original</a> em 13 de novembro de 2007</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.btitle=Law+27+December+2007%2C+n.296&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Italian+Parliament&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.camera.it%2Fparlam%2Fleggi%2F06296l.htm&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-181"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-181">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_20072008_EN_Complete.pdf">«| Human Development Reports»</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Hdr.undp.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 18 de janeiro de 2014</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.btitle=%26%23124%3B+Human+Development+Reports&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Hdr.undp.org&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhdr.undp.org%2Fen%2Fmedia%2FHDR_20072008_EN_Complete.pdf&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-182"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-182">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.oecd.org/pisa/keyfindings/PISA-2012-results-italy.pdf">«PISA 2012 Results»</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. OECD<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 16 de novembro de 2015</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.btitle=PISA+2012+Results&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=OECD&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oecd.org%2Fpisa%2Fkeyfindings%2FPISA-2012-results-italy.pdf&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-183"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-183">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://web.archive.org/web/20151117015624/http://new.sis-statistica.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/CO09-The-literacy-divide-territorial-differences-in-the-Italian.pdf">«The literacy divide: territorial differences in the Italian education system»</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Parthenope University of Naples<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 16 de novembro de 2015</span>. Arquivado do <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://new.sis-statistica.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/CO09-The-literacy-divide-territorial-differences-in-the-Italian.pdf">original</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> em 17 de novembro de 2015</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.btitle=The+literacy+divide%3A+territorial+differences+in+the+Italian+education+system&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Parthenope+University+of+Naples&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnew.sis-statistica.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2013%2F10%2FCO09-The-literacy-divide-territorial-differences-in-the-Italian.pdf&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-184"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-184">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://web.archive.org/web/20180814232732/http://www.shanghairanking.com/ARWU2018.html">«Academic Ranking of World Universities 2018»</a>. Shanghai Ranking Consultancy. 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 5 de janeiro de 2019</span>. Arquivado do <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.shanghairanking.com/ARWU2018.html">original</a> em 14 de agosto de 2018</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.btitle=Academic+Ranking+of+World+Universities+2018&amp;rft.date=2018&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Shanghai+Ranking+Consultancy&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.shanghairanking.com%2FARWU2018.html&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-185"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-185">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://web.archive.org/web/20151017111942/http://www.italy24.ilsole24ore.com/art/government-policies/2015-10-15/italy-s-stability-law-funds-500-new-university-professors-open-to-foreign-candidates--174432.php?uuid%3DACDy9uGB">«Italy's Budget/4: 500 new university "chairs of excellence" open up to foreign professors and scholars»</a>. Il Sole 24 Ore Digital Edition<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 16 de novembro de 2015</span>. Arquivado do <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.italy24.ilsole24ore.com/art/government-policies/2015-10-15/italy-s-stability-law-funds-500-new-university-professors-open-to-foreign-candidates--174432.php?uuid%3DACDy9uGB">original</a> em 17 de outubro de 2015</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.atitle=Italy%99s+Budget%2F4%3A+500+new+university+%22chairs+of+excellence%22+open+up+to+foreign+professors+and+scholars&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.italy24.ilsole24ore.com%2Fart%2Fgovernment-policies%2F2015-10-15%2Fitaly-s-stability-law-funds-500-new-university-professors-open-to-foreign-candidates--174432.php%3Fuuid%3DACDy9uGB&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-186"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-186">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.scimagojr.com/countryrank.php?year%3D2020">«SJR - International Science Ranking»</a>. <i>SJR</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 25 de outubro de 2021</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.atitle=SJR+-+International+Science+Ranking&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=SJR&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scimagojr.com%2Fcountryrank.php%3Fyear%3D2020&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Unnamed-xX5R-1-187"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><i><b><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Unnamed-xX5R-1_187-0">a</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Unnamed-xX5R-1_187-1">b</a></b></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.scimagojr.com/countryrank.php?year%3D2019">«SJR - International Science Ranking»</a>. <i>SJR</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 17 de junho de 2021</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.atitle=SJR+-+International+Science+Ranking&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=SJR&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scimagojr.com%2Fcountryrank.php%3Fyear%3D2019&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-188"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-188">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.scimagojr.com/countryrank.php">«SJR - International Science Ranking»</a>. <i>SJR</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 17 de junho de 2021</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.atitle=SJR+-+International+Science+Ranking&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=SJR&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scimagojr.com%2Fcountryrank.php&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-189"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-189">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.scimagojr.com/countryrank.php">«SJR - International Science Ranking»</a>. <i>SJR</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 25 de outubro de 2021</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.atitle=SJR+-+International+Science+Ranking&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=SJR&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scimagojr.com%2Fcountryrank.php&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-TreGal-190"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-TreGal_190-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">AA.VV. (Enciclopedia generale), p.&nbsp;627 AA.VV., 1996.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Leonardo-191"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><i><b><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Leonardo_191-0">a</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Leonardo_191-1">b</a></b></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">AA.VV. (Enciclopedia generale), p. 848, 1996).</span></li> <li id="cite_note-192"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-192">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Mazzocchi Doglio, pp. 14-20</span></li> <li id="cite_note-devp1-193"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><i><b><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-devp1_193-0">a</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-devp1_193-1">b</a></b></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://web.archive.org/web/20090701064229/http://dev.prenhall.com/divisions/hss/worldreference/IT/health.html">«Italy – Health»</a>. Dev.prenhall.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 2 de agosto de 2010</span>. Arquivado do <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://dev.prenhall.com/divisions/hss/worldreference/IT/health.html">original</a> em 1 de julho de 2009</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.btitle=Italy+%93+Health&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Dev.prenhall.com&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdev.prenhall.com%2Fdivisions%2Fhss%2Fworldreference%2FIT%2Fhealth.html&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-OECD-194"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><i><b><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-OECD_194-0">a</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-OECD_194-1">b</a></b></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://web.archive.org/web/20140802135241/http://www.oecd.org/els/health-systems/Briefing-Note-ITALY-2014.pdf">«OECD Health Statistics 2014 How Does Italy Compare?»</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. OECD. 2014. Arquivado do <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.oecd.org/els/health-systems/Briefing-Note-ITALY-2014.pdf">original</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> em 2 de agosto de 2014</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.btitle=OECD+Health+Statistics+2014+How+Does+Italy+Compare%3F&amp;rft.date=2014&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=OECD&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oecd.org%2Fels%2Fhealth-systems%2FBriefing-Note-ITALY-2014.pdf&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-photius.com-195"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-photius.com_195-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.photius.com/rankings/healthranks.html">«The World Health Organization's ranking of the world's health systems»</a>. ΦΩΤΗΣ ΚΟΥΤΣΟΥΚΗΣ (Photius Coutsoukis)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 27 de outubro de 2009</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.btitle=The+World+Health+Organization%27s+ranking+of+the+world%27s+health+systems&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=%CE%A6%CE%A9%CE%A4%CE%97%CE%A3+%CE%9A%CE%9F%CE%A5%CE%A4%CE%A3%CE%9F%CE%A5%CE%9A%CE%97%CE%A3+%28Photius+Coutsoukis%29&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.photius.com%2Frankings%2Fhealthranks.html&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-IOTF2008-196"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-IOTF2008_196-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://web.archive.org/web/20090205082332/http://www.iotf.org/database/documents/GlobalPrevalenceofAdultObesity16thDecember08.pdf">«Global Prevalence of Adult Obesity»</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. International Obesity Taskforce<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 29 de janeiro de 2008</span>. Arquivado do <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.iotf.org/database/documents/GlobalPrevalenceofAdultObesity16thDecember08.pdf">original</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> em 5 de fevereiro de 2009</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.btitle=Global+Prevalence+of+Adult+Obesity&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=International+Obesity+Taskforce&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iotf.org%2Fdatabase%2Fdocuments%2FGlobalPrevalenceofAdultObesity16thDecember08.pdf&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Deutsche_Welle_10_01-197"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Deutsche_Welle_10_01_197-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.dw-world.de/dw/article/0,,1453590,00.html">«Smoking Ban Begins in Italy»</a>. <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Deutsche_Welle?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Deutsche Welle">Deutsche Welle</a>. 10 de janeiro de 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 1 de agosto de 2010</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.atitle=Smoking+Ban+Begins+in+Italy&amp;rft.date=2005-01-10&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw-world.de%2Fdw%2Farticle%2F0%2C%2C1453590%2C00.html&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-198"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-198">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://web.archive.org/web/20131025223812/http://www.unesco.org/culture/ich/index.php?lg%3Den%26pg%3D00473">«UNESCO Culture Sector, Eighth Session of the Intergovernmental Committee (8.COM) – from 2 to 7 December 2013»</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 3 de abril de 2014</span>. Arquivado do <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.unesco.org/culture/ich/index.php?lg%3Den%26pg%3D00473">original</a> em 25 de outubro de 2013</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.btitle=UNESCO+Culture+Sector%2C+Eighth+Session+of+the+Intergovernmental+Committee+%288.COM%29+%93+from+2+to+7+December+2013&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unesco.org%2Fculture%2Fich%2Findex.php%3Flg%3Den%26pg%3D00473&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-199"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-199">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://web.archive.org/web/20131212130153/http://www.unesco.org/culture/ich/index.php?lg%3Den%26pg%3D00011%26RL%3D00884">«UNESCO - Culture - Intangible Heritage - Lists &amp; Register - Inscribed Elements - Mediterranean Diet»</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 3 de abril de 2014</span>. Arquivado do <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.unesco.org/culture/ich/index.php?lg%3Den%26pg%3D00011%26RL%3D00884">original</a> em 12 de dezembro de 2013</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.btitle=UNESCO+-+Culture+-+Intangible+Heritage+-+Lists+%26+Register+-+Inscribed+Elements+-+Mediterranean+Diet&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unesco.org%2Fculture%2Fich%2Findex.php%3Flg%3Den%26pg%3D00011%26RL%3D00884&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-EIA-200"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-EIA_200-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.eia.gov/beta/international/data/browser/%23/?pa%3D00000000000000000000000000000000002%26c%3Druvvvvvfvtvnvv1vrvvvvfvvvvvvfvvvou20evvvvvvvvvvvvuvo%26ct%3D0%26tl_id%3D5-A%26vs%3DINTL.57-1-AFG-TBPD.A%26vo%3D0%26v%3DH%26start%3D2014%26end%3D2016">«Production of Crude Oil including Lease Condensate 2016»</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(CVS download)</span>. U.S. Energy Information Administration<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 27 de maio de 2017</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.btitle=Production+of+Crude+Oil+including+Lease+Condensate+2016&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=U.S.+Energy+Information+Administration&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eia.gov%2Fbeta%2Finternational%2Fdata%2Fbrowser%2F%23%2F%3Fpa%3D00000000000000000000000000000000002%26c%3Druvvvvvfvtvnvv1vrvvvvfvvvvvvfvvvou20evvvvvvvvvvvvuvo%26ct%3D0%26tl_id%3D5-A%26vs%3DINTL.57-1-AFG-TBPD.A%26vo%3D0%26v%3DH%26start%3D2014%26end%3D2016&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-201"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-201">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://web.archive.org/web/20130616044111/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2246rank.html">«Lista da CIA World Factbook»</a>. Arquivado do <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2246rank.html">original</a> em 16 de junho de 2013</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.btitle=Lista+da+CIA+World+Factbook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Flibrary%2Fpublications%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Frankorder%2F2246rank.html&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-202"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-202">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://web.archive.org/web/20110716002707/http://www.gliitaliani.it/2011/01/in-basilicata-lestrazione-di-petrolio-si-accresce-non-tutti-sono-daccordo/">«In Basilicata l'estrazione di petrolio si accresce. Non tutti sono d'accordo»</a>. Gli italiani<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 26 de novembro de 2011</span>. Arquivado do <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.gliitaliani.it/2011/01/in-basilicata-lestrazione-di-petrolio-si-accresce-non-tutti-sono-daccordo/">original</a> em 16 de julho de 2011</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.atitle=In+Basilicata+l%27estrazione+di+petrolio+si+accresce.+Non+tutti+sono+d%27accordo&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gliitaliani.it%2F2011%2F01%2Fin-basilicata-lestrazione-di-petrolio-si-accresce-non-tutti-sono-daccordo%2F&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Terna_data-203"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><i><b><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Terna_data_203-0">a</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Terna_data_203-1">b</a></b></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://web.archive.org/web/20120518165820/http://www.terna.it/default/home_en/electric_system/statistical_data.aspx">«TERNA statistics data»</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 19 de maio de 2018</span>. Arquivado do <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.terna.it/default/home_en/electric_system/statistical_data.aspx">original</a> em 18 de maio de 2012</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.btitle=TERNA+statistics+data&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.terna.it%2Fdefault%2Fhome_en%2Felectric_system%2Fstatistical_data.aspx&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-204"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-204">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.world-nuclear-news.org/NP_Nuclear_phase_out_a_50_billion_mistake_2010081.html">«Nuclear phase out a '€50 billion mistake<span style="padding-right:0.2em;">'</span>»</a>. 20 de outubro de 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 21 de outubro de 2008</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.atitle=Nuclear+phase+out+a+%27%82%AC50+billion+mistake%27&amp;rft.date=2008-10-20&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.world-nuclear-news.org%2FNP_Nuclear_phase_out_a_50_billion_mistake_2010081.html&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-205"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-205">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://web.archive.org/web/20160611122414/http://www.canada.com/calgaryherald/news/calgarybusiness/story.html?id%3D6c824634-0230-49c8-8f78-08e8dc7690bb">«Italy to build 8–10 nuclear reactors»</a>. 17 de outubro de 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 19 de maio de 2018</span>. Arquivado do <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.canada.com/calgaryherald/news/calgarybusiness/story.html?id%3D6c824634-0230-49c8-8f78-08e8dc7690bb">original</a> em 11 de junho de 2016</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.btitle=Italy+to+build+8%9310+nuclear+reactors&amp;rft.date=2008-10-17&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.canada.com%2Fcalgaryherald%2Fnews%2Fcalgarybusiness%2Fstory.html%3Fid%3D6c824634-0230-49c8-8f78-08e8dc7690bb&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-206"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-206">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://web.archive.org/web/20110429131719/http://www.businessweek.com/ap/financialnews/D9M504RG0.htm">«Italy puts 1 year moratorium on nuclear»</a>. 23 de março de 2018. Arquivado do <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.businessweek.com/ap/financialnews/D9M504RG0.htm">original</a> em 29 de abril de 2011</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.btitle=Italy+puts+1+year+moratorium+on+nuclear&amp;rft.date=2018-03-23&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessweek.com%2Fap%2Ffinancialnews%2FD9M504RG0.htm&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-207"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-207">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://web.archive.org/web/20120325171121/http://referendum.interno.it/referendum/refe110612/RFT0003.htm">«Italy Nuclear Referendum Results»</a>. 13 de junho de 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 19 de maio de 2018</span>. Arquivado do <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://referendum.interno.it/referendum/refe110612/RFT0003.htm">original</a> em 25 de março de 2012</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.btitle=Italy+Nuclear+Referendum+Results&amp;rft.date=2011-06-13&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Freferendum.interno.it%2Freferendum%2Frefe110612%2FRFT0003.htm&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-208"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-208">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/2995521/7155577/8-10022016-AP-EN.pdf/38bf822f-8adf-4e54-b9c6-87b342ead339">«Share of renewables in energy consumption in the EU rose further to 16% in 2014. Eurostat News Release, 10 February 2016.»</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.btitle=Share+of+renewables+in+energy+consumption+in+the+EU+rose+further+to+16%25+in+2014.+Eurostat+News+Release%2C+10+February+2016.&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fec.europa.eu%2Feurostat%2Fdocuments%2F2995521%2F7155577%2F8-10022016-AP-EN.pdf%2F38bf822f-8adf-4e54-b9c6-87b342ead339&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-209"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-209">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://web.archive.org/web/20160408233933/http://www.gse.it/it/Statistiche/RapportiStatistici/Pagine/default.aspx">«Rapporti Statistici. Dati preliminari 2015»</a> (em italiano). Gestore dei servizi energetici. www.gse.it. 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 11 de junho de 2018</span>. Arquivado do <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.gse.it/it/Statistiche/RapportiStatistici/Pagine/default.aspx">original</a> em 8 de abril de 2016</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.btitle=Rapporti+Statistici.+Dati+preliminari+2015&amp;rft.date=2016&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Gestore+dei+servizi+energetici.+www.gse.it&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gse.it%2Fit%2FStatistiche%2FRapportiStatistici%2FPagine%2Fdefault.aspx&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-210"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-210">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">IRENA. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.irena.org/-/media/Files/IRENA/Agency/Publication/2022/Apr/IRENA_RE_Capacity_Statistics_2022.pdf">«RENEWABLE CAPACITY STATISTICS 2022»</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 8 de maio de 2022</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.au=IRENA&amp;rft.btitle=RENEWABLE+CAPACITY+STATISTICS+2022&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irena.org%2F-%2Fmedia%2FFiles%2FIRENA%2FAgency%2FPublication%2F2022%2FApr%2FIRENA_RE_Capacity_Statistics_2022.pdf&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-211"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-211">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Killinger, Charles (2005). <i>Culture and customs of Italy</i> 1ª publ. ed. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press. p.&nbsp;3. <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/0-313-32489-1?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/0-313-32489-1">0-313-32489-1</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.aufirst=Charles&amp;rft.aulast=Killinger&amp;rft.btitle=Culture+and+customs+of+Italy&amp;rft.date=2005&amp;rft.edition=1%AA+publ.&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=0-313-32489-1&amp;rft.pages=3&amp;rft.place=Westport%2C+Conn.&amp;rft.pub=Greenwood+Press&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-212"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-212">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Cole, Alison (1995). <i>Virtue and magnificence: art of the Italian Renaissance courts</i>. Nova Iorque: H.N. Abrams. <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/0-8109-2733-0?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/0-8109-2733-0">0-8109-2733-0</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.aufirst=Alison&amp;rft.aulast=Cole&amp;rft.btitle=Virtue+and+magnificence%3A+art+of+the+Italian+Renaissance+courts&amp;rft.date=1995&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=0-8109-2733-0&amp;rft.place=Nova+Iorque&amp;rft.pub=H.N.+Abrams&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-eyew-213"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><i><b><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-eyew_213-0">a</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-eyew_213-1">b</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-eyew_213-2">c</a></b></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Eyewitness Travel (2005), p.&nbsp;19</span></li> <li id="cite_note-214"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-214">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/%26order%3Dcountry%23alphaI">«World Heritage List»</a>. <i>UNESCO</i> (em inglês). World Heritage Centre<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 11 de junho de 2018</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.atitle=World+Heritage+List&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=UNESCO&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwhc.unesco.org%2Fen%2Flist%2F%26order%3Dcountry%23alphaI&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-215"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-215">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DLHA_SydyKOYC%26pg%3DPA39%26dq">«<i>Poetry and Drama: Literary Terms and Concepts.</i>»</a>. The Rosen Publishing Group. 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 18 de outubro de 2011</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.btitle=Poetry+and+Drama%3A+Literary+Terms+and+Concepts.&amp;rft.date=2011&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=The+Rosen+Publishing+Group&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLHA_SydyKOYC%26pg%3DPA39%26dq&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-216"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-216">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Brand, Peter; Pertile, Lino, eds. (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3D3uq0bObScHMC%26pg%3DPA5%26dq%3D%2522Poetry%2BFrancis%2Bof%2BAssisi%2522">«2 – Poetry. Francis of Assisi (pp. 5ff.)»</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3D3uq0bObScHMC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover"><i>The Cambridge History of Italian Literature</i></a>. Cambridge: <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/978-0-52166622-0?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/978-0-52166622-0">978-0-52166622-0</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 31 de dezembro de 2015</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://web.archive.org/web/20160610172548/https://books.google.com/books?id%3D3uq0bObScHMC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover">Cópia arquivada em 10 de junho de 2016</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.atitle=2+%93+Poetry.+Francis+of+Assisi+%28pp.+5ff.%29&amp;rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+History+of+Italian+Literature&amp;rft.date=1999&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-52166622-0&amp;rft.place=Cambridge&amp;rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3uq0bObScHMC%26pg%3DPA5%26dq%3D%2522Poetry%2BFrancis%2Bof%2BAssisi%2522&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-217"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-217">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ernest Hatch Wilkins, <i>The invention of the sonnet, and other studies in Italian literature</i> (Rome: Edizioni di Storia e letteratura, 1959), 11–39</span></li> <li id="cite_note-218"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-218">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/70836/Giovanni-Boccaccio/755/The-Decameron">«Giovanni Boccaccio: The Decameron»</a>. <i><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 18 de dezembro de 2013</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://web.archive.org/web/20131219020413/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/70836/Giovanni-Boccaccio/755/The-Decameron">Cópia arquivada em 19 de dezembro de 2013</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.atitle=Giovanni+Boccaccio%3A+The+Decameron&amp;rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F70836%2FGiovanni-Boccaccio%2F755%2FThe-Decameron&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-219"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-219">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Britânica, ed. (12 de junho de 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Baldassare-Castiglione">«Baldassare Castiglione»</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.btitle=Baldassare+Castiglione&amp;rft.date=2018-06-12&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FBaldassare-Castiglione&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-220"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-220">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Enciclopédia Britânica (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.britannica.com/topic/Gerusalemme-liberata">«Gerusalemme liberata»</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 12 de junho de 2018</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.btitle=Gerusalemme+liberata&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2FGerusalemme-liberata&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-BritLite-221"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><i><b><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-BritLite_221-0">a</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-BritLite_221-1">b</a></b></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.britannica.com/art/Italian-literature">«Italian literature»</a>. <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 27 de maio de 2018</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.atitle=Italian+literature&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fart%2FItalian-literature&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-222"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-222">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Steven Swann Jones, <i>The Fairy Tale: The Magic Mirror of Imagination</i>, Twayne Publishers, New York, 1995, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/0-8057-0950-9?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/0-8057-0950-9">0-8057-0950-9</a>, p38</span></li> <li id="cite_note-223"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-223">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Bottigheimer 2012a, 7; Waters 1894, xii; Zipes 2015, 599.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-224"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-224">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFOpieOpie1974" class="citation"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Iona_Opie?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Iona Opie">Opie, Iona</a>; <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Peter_Opie&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Peter Opie (página não existe)">Opie, Peter</a> (1974), <i>The Classic Fairy Tales</i>, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/0-19-211559-6?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/0-19-211559-6">0-19-211559-6</a>, Oxônia e Nova Iorque: <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oxford_University_Press?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.au=Opie%2C+Peter&amp;rft.aufirst=Iona&amp;rft.aulast=Opie&amp;rft.btitle=The+Classic+Fairy+Tales&amp;rft.date=1974&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=0-19-211559-6&amp;rft.place=Ox%C3%B4nia+e+Nova+Iorque&amp;rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-225"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-225">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Enciclopédia Britânica (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Carlo-Goldoni">«Carlo Goldoni»</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 12 de junho de 2018</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.btitle=Carlo+Goldoni&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FCarlo-Goldoni&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Gasparini-226"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><i><b><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Gasparini_226-0">a</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Gasparini_226-1">b</a></b></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Giovanni Gasparini. <i>La corsa di Pinocchio</i>. Milano, Vita e Pensiero, 1997. p. 117. <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/88-343-4889-3?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/88-343-4889-3">88-343-4889-3</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-227"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-227">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.encyclopedia.com/article-1G2-2697200012/pinocchio-carlo-collodi.html">«Pinocchio: Carlo Collodi – Children's Literature Review»</a>. Encyclopedia.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 1 de outubro de 2015</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://web.archive.org/web/20151003075814/http://www.encyclopedia.com/article-1G2-2697200012/pinocchio-carlo-collodi.html">Cópia arquivada em 3 de outubro de 2015</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.btitle=Pinocchio%3A+Carlo+Collodi+%93+Children%27s+Literature+Review&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Encyclopedia.com&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.encyclopedia.com%2Farticle-1G2-2697200012%2Fpinocchio-carlo-collodi.html&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Archibald_Colquhoun_1954-228"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Archibald_Colquhoun_1954_228-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Archibald Colquhoun. <i>Manzoni and his Times.</i> J. M. Dent &amp; Sons, Londres, 1954.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-gmarr-229"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><i><b><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-gmarr_229-0">a</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-gmarr_229-1">b</a></b></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Gaetana Marrone; Paolo Puppa (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3Dd9NcAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA1654"><i>Encyclopedia of Italian Literary Studies</i></a>. Abingdon-on-Thames: Routledge. p.&nbsp;1654. <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/978-1-135-45530-9?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/978-1-135-45530-9">978-1-135-45530-9</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.au=Gaetana+Marrone&amp;rft.au=Paolo+Puppa&amp;rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Italian+Literary+Studies&amp;rft.date=2006&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-135-45530-9&amp;rft.pages=1654&amp;rft.place=Abingdon-on-Thames&amp;rft.pub=Routledge&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dd9NcAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA1654&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-230"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-230">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">de Turris, Gianfranco. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.fantascienza.net/vegetti/GDT/Salgari.htm">«Emilio Salgari e le pseudo-meraviglie del Duemila»</a> (em italiano). Fantascienza<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 11 de junho de 2018</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.aufirst=Gianfranco&amp;rft.aulast=de+Turris&amp;rft.btitle=Emilio+Salgari+e+le+pseudo-meraviglie+del+Duemila&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Fantascienza&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fantascienza.net%2Fvegetti%2FGDT%2FSalgari.htm&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-231"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-231">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><i>The 20th-Century art book.</i> Reprinted. ed. Londres: Phaidon Press. 2001. <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/0714835420?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/0714835420">0714835420</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.btitle=The+20th-Century+art+book.&amp;rft.date=2001&amp;rft.edition=Reprinted.&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=0714835420&amp;rft.place=Londres&amp;rft.pub=Phaidon+Press&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-232"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-232">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/">«All Nobel Prizes in Literature»</a>. Nobelprize.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 30 de maio de 2011</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://web.archive.org/web/20110529091551/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/">Cópia arquivada em 29 de maio de 2011</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.btitle=All+Nobel+Prizes+in+Literature&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Nobelprize.org&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnobelprize.org%2Fnobel_prizes%2Fliterature%2Flaureates%2F&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-233"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-233">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Piazza del Duomo, Pisa</i>. UNESCO World Heritage Centre - The List (whc.unesco.org). Em <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/395/">inglês</a>&nbsp;; em <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://whc.unesco.org/fr/list/395/">francês</a>&nbsp;; em <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://whc.unesco.org/es/list/395/">espanhol</a>. Páginas visitadas em 2011-09-07.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-234"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-234">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://web.archive.org/web/20100107054950/http://www.sacred-destinations.com/italy/pisa-leaning-tower">«Leaning Tower of Pisa – Pisa, Italy»</a>. Pisa, Tuscany, Italy: Sacred-destinations.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 7 de setembro de 2011</span>. Arquivado do <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.sacred-destinations.com/italy/pisa-leaning-tower">original</a> em 7 de janeiro de 2010</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.btitle=Leaning+Tower+of+Pisa+%93+Pisa%2C+Italy&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.place=Pisa%2C+Tuscany%2C+Italy&amp;rft.pub=Sacred-destinations.com&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sacred-destinations.com%2Fitaly%2Fpisa-leaning-tower&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-just-235"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><i><b><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-just_235-0">a</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-just_235-1">b</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-just_235-2">c</a></b></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.justitaly.org/italy/italy-architecture.asp">Architecture in Italy</a>, ItalyTravel.com</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Eyewitness_Travel-236"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><i><b><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Eyewitness_Travel_236-0">a</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Eyewitness_Travel_236-1">b</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Eyewitness_Travel_236-2">c</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Eyewitness_Travel_236-3">d</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Eyewitness_Travel_236-4">e</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Eyewitness_Travel_236-5">f</a></b></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Eyewitness Travel (2005), pg. 26–27</span></li> <li id="cite_note-237"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-237">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/BBC?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="BBC">BBC</a> (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/jones_inigo.shtml">«Inigo Jones»</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 31 de maio de 2018</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.btitle=Inigo+Jones&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fhistory%2Fhistoric_figures%2Fjones_inigo.shtml&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-238"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-238">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Britânica (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Filippo-Juvarra">«Filippo Juvarra»</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 12 de junho de 2018</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.btitle=Filippo+Juvarra&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FFilippo-Juvarra&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-239"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-239">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.art-and-archaeology.com/roman/painting.html">«Roman Painting»</a>. art-and-archaeology.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://web.archive.org/web/20130726163006/http://www.art-and-archaeology.com/roman/painting.html">Cópia arquivada em 26 de julho de 2013</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.btitle=Roman+Painting&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=art-and-archaeology.com&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.art-and-archaeology.com%2Froman%2Fpainting.html&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-240"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-240">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://web.archive.org/web/20070319123717/http://www.accd.edu/sac/vat/arthistory/arts1303/Rome4.htm">«Roman Wall Painting»</a>. accd.edu<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 29 de maio de 2018</span>. Arquivado do <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.accd.edu/sac/vat/arthistory/arts1303/Rome4.htm">original</a> em 19 de março de 2007</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.btitle=Roman+Wall+Painting&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=accd.edu&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.accd.edu%2Fsac%2Fvat%2Farthistory%2Farts1303%2FRome4.htm&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-241"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-241">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">How To Talk About Art History, ed. (4 de janeiro de 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://web.archive.org/web/20170426010034/http://www.howtotalkaboutarthistory.com/reader-questions/why-was-cimabue-so-important/">«Why was Cimabue so Important?»</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 12 de junho de 2018</span>. Arquivado do <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.howtotalkaboutarthistory.com/reader-questions/why-was-cimabue-so-important/">original</a> em 26 de abril de 2017</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.btitle=Why+was+Cimabue+so+Important%3F&amp;rft.date=2017-01-04&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.howtotalkaboutarthistory.com%2Freader-questions%2Fwhy-was-cimabue-so-important%2F&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Arte-242"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><i><b><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Arte_242-0">a</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Arte_242-1">b</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Arte_242-2">c</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Arte_242-3">d</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Arte_242-4">e</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Arte_242-5">f</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Arte_242-6">g</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Arte_242-7">h</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Arte_242-8">i</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Arte_242-9">j</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Arte_242-10">k</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Arte_242-11">l</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Arte_242-12">m</a></b></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.britannica.com/place/Italy/The-arts">«The arts»</a>. <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 29 de maio de 2018</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.atitle=The+arts&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FItaly%2FThe-arts&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Hartt-243"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Hartt_243-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Frederick Hartt, <i>A History of Italian Renaissance Art</i>, (1970)</span></li> <li id="cite_note-244"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-244">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Enciclopédia Britânica (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.britannica.com/art/Rococo-style-design">«Rococo style»</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 12 de junho de 2018</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.btitle=Rococo+style&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fart%2FRococo-style-design&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-245"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-245">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">David Irwin. Enciclopédia Britânica, ed. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Antonio-Canova-marchese-dIschia">«Antonio Canova, marchese d'Ischia»</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 12 de junho de 2018</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.au=David+Irwin&amp;rft.btitle=Antonio+Canova%2C+marchese+d%27Ischia&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FAntonio-Canova-marchese-dIschia&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-246"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-246">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Silvestra Bietoletti e Michele Dantini (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://books.google.com.br/books?id%3D5AmBboSoKQoC%26pg%3DPA388%26lpg%3DPA388%26dq%3DGioacchino%2BToma%2Band%2BGiuseppe%2BPellizza%2Bda%2BVolpedo%26source%3Dbl%26ots%3DZePZrlSVul%26sig%3DsWk1-gflumq1vUrYv5V5Egw_oqE%26hl%3Dpt-BR%26sa%3DX%26ved%3D0ahUKEwii8cKL18_bAhVEfpAKHcXmDfkQ6AEIUDAK%23v%3Donepage%26q%3DGioacchino%2520Toma%2520and%2520Giuseppe%2520Pellizza%2520da%2520Volpedo%26f%3Dfalse">«L'Ottocento italiano: la storia, gli artisti, le opere»</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 13 de junho de 2018</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.au=Silvestra+Bietoletti+e+Michele+Dantini&amp;rft.btitle=L%27Ottocento+italiano%3A+la+storia%2C+gli+artisti%2C+le+opere&amp;rft.date=2002&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.br%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5AmBboSoKQoC%26pg%3DPA388%26lpg%3DPA388%26dq%3DGioacchino%2BToma%2Band%2BGiuseppe%2BPellizza%2Bda%2BVolpedo%26source%3Dbl%26ots%3DZePZrlSVul%26sig%3DsWk1-gflumq1vUrYv5V5Egw_oqE%26hl%3Dpt-BR%26sa%3DX%26ved%3D0ahUKEwii8cKL18_bAhVEfpAKHcXmDfkQ6AEIUDAK%23v%3Donepage%26q%3DGioacchino%2520Toma%2520and%2520Giuseppe%2520Pellizza%2520da%2520Volpedo%26f%3Dfalse&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-247"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-247">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Enciclopédia Britânica (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.britannica.com/biography/Giorgio-de-Chirico">«Giorgio de Chirico»</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 12 de junho de 2018</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.btitle=Giorgio+de+Chirico&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FGiorgio-de-Chirico&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-248"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-248">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://web.archive.org/web/20061001054025/http://www.operaamerica.org/pressroom/quickfacts2006.html">«Quick Opera Facts 2007»</a>. OPERA America. 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 23 de abril de 2007</span>. Arquivado do <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.operaamerica.org/pressroom/quickfacts2006.html">original</a> em 1 de outubro de 2006</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.btitle=Quick+Opera+Facts+2007&amp;rft.date=2007&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=OPERA+America&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.operaamerica.org%2Fpressroom%2Fquickfacts2006.html&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-249"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-249">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Alain P. Dornic (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://opera.stanford.edu/misc/Dornic_survey.html">«An Operatic Survey»</a>. Opera Glass<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 23 de abril de 2007</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://web.archive.org/web/20070914030020/http://opera.stanford.edu/misc/Dornic_survey.html">Cópia arquivada em 14 de setembro de 2007</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.au=Alain+P.+Dornic&amp;rft.btitle=An+Operatic+Survey&amp;rft.date=1995&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Opera+Glass&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fopera.stanford.edu%2Fmisc%2FDornic_survey.html&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-250"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-250">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Erlich, Cyril (1990). <i>The Piano: A History</i>. Nova Iorque: <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oxford_University_Press?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>, USA; Revised edition. <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/0-19-816171-9?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/0-19-816171-9">0-19-816171-9</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.aufirst=Cyril&amp;rft.aulast=Erlich&amp;rft.btitle=The+Piano%3A+A+History&amp;rft.date=1990&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=0-19-816171-9&amp;rft.place=Nova+Iorque&amp;rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press%2C+USA%3B+Revised+edition&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-251"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-251">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Allen, Edward Heron (1914). «Violin-making, as it was and is: Being a Historical, Theoretical, and Practical Treatise on the Science and Art of Violin-making, for the Use of Violin Makers and Players, Amateur and Professional. Preceded by An Essay on the Violin and Its Position as a Musical Instrument». E. Howe</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.atitle=Violin-making%2C+as+it+was+and+is%3A+Being+a+Historical%2C+Theoretical%2C+and+Practical+Treatise+on+the+Science+and+Art+of+Violin-making%2C+for+the+Use+of+Violin+Makers+and+Players%2C+Amateur+and+Professional.+Preceded+by+An+Essay+on+the+Violin+and+Its+Position+as+a+Musical+Instrument&amp;rft.aufirst=Edward+Heron&amp;rft.aulast=Allen&amp;rft.date=1914&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-SanCarlo-252"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><i><b><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-SanCarlo_252-0">a</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-SanCarlo_252-1">b</a></b></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.teatrosancarlo.it/it/pages/teatro-e-storia.html">«The Theatre and its history»</a>. Teatro di San Carlo's official website. 23 de dezembro de 2013</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.btitle=The+Theatre+and+its+history&amp;rft.date=2013-12-23&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Teatro+di+San+Carlo%27s+official+website&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.teatrosancarlo.it%2Fit%2Fpages%2Fteatro-e-storia.html&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-books.google.co.uk-253"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><i><b><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-books.google.co.uk_253-0">a</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-books.google.co.uk_253-1">b</a></b></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Kimbell, David R. B (29 de abril de 1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://books.google.com/?id%3DC37Gq2GagZIC%26dq%3DItalian%2Bopera%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%26q%3D"><i>Italian Opera</i></a>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/978-0-521-46643-1?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/978-0-521-46643-1">978-0-521-46643-1</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 20 de dezembro de 2009</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.au=Kimbell%2C+David+R.+B&amp;rft.btitle=Italian+Opera&amp;rft.date=1994-04-29&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-521-46643-1&amp;rft.place=Cambridge&amp;rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DC37Gq2GagZIC%26dq%3DItalian%2Bopera%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%26q%3D&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-254"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-254">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Keller, Catalano and Colicci (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://books.google.it/books?id%3DGh03DwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT1022%26lpg%3DPT1022%26dq%3Dkeller%2Bcatalano%2Band%2Bcolicci%26source%3Dbl%26ots%3DDjFrSxDWnJ%26sig%3DyBGVEFA_AY4Tvd-vjOwzQx4_Iag%26hl%3Dit%26sa%3DX%26ved%3D2ahUKEwicjMDVu6vaAhWBnBQKHevVCdwQ6AEwAHoECAkQAQ%23v%3Donepage%26q%3Dkeller%2520catalano%2520and%2520colicci%26f%3Dfalse"><i>Garland Encyclopedia of World Music</i></a>. <b>8</b>. Abindgon-on-Thames: Routledge. pp.&nbsp;604–625</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.au=Keller%2C+Catalano+and+Colicci&amp;rft.btitle=Garland+Encyclopedia+of+World+Music&amp;rft.date=2013&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.pages=604-625&amp;rft.place=Abindgon-on-Thames&amp;rft.pub=Routledge&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.it%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGh03DwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT1022%26lpg%3DPT1022%26dq%3Dkeller%2Bcatalano%2Band%2Bcolicci%26source%3Dbl%26ots%3DDjFrSxDWnJ%26sig%3DyBGVEFA_AY4Tvd-vjOwzQx4_Iag%26hl%3Dit%26sa%3DX%26ved%3D2ahUKEwicjMDVu6vaAhWBnBQKHevVCdwQ6AEwAHoECAkQAQ%23v%3Donepage%26q%3Dkeller%2520catalano%2520and%2520colicci%26f%3Dfalse&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-255"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-255">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/10/04/arts/music/jovanotti-italian-rapper-brings-his-act-to-new-york.html?_r%3D0">«A Roman Rapper Comes to New York, Where He Can Get Real»</a>. <i><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_New_York_Times?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 24 de fevereiro de 2014</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.atitle=A+Roman+Rapper+Comes+to+New+York%2C+Where+He+Can+Get+Real&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2012%2F10%2F04%2Farts%2Fmusic%2Fjovanotti-italian-rapper-brings-his-act-to-new-york.html%3F_r%3D0&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-256"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-256">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/MusicMight?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="MusicMight">Sharpe-Young, Garry</a> (2003). <i>A–Z of Power Metal</i>. Col: Rockdetector Series. Londres: Cherry Red Books. <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/978-1-901447-13-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/978-1-901447-13-2">978-1-901447-13-2</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.aufirst=Garry&amp;rft.aulast=Sharpe-Young&amp;rft.btitle=A%93Z+of+Power+Metal&amp;rft.date=2003&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-901447-13-2&amp;rft.place=Londres&amp;rft.pub=Cherry+Red+Books&amp;rft.series=Rockdetector+Series&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span> "American metal such as Queensrÿche, Attacker, Jag Panzer, Iced Earth, Liege Lord, and Savatage; European bands such as Helloween, Gamma Ray, Blind Guardian, Running Wild, and Grave Digger;"</span></li> <li id="cite_note-:1-257"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-:1_257-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Brockett, Oscar; Hildy, Franklin J. (2003). <i>History of the Theatre</i>. Boston: Allyn and Bacon. <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/9780205358786?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/9780205358786">9780205358786</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.au=Hildy%2C+Franklin+J.&amp;rft.aufirst=Oscar&amp;rft.aulast=Brockett&amp;rft.btitle=History+of+the+Theatre&amp;rft.date=2003&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=9780205358786&amp;rft.place=Boston&amp;rft.pub=Allyn+and+Bacon&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-258"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-258">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Chaffee, Judith; Crick, Olly (2015). <i>The Routledge Companion to Commedia Dell'Arte</i>. Londres e Nova Iorque: Rutledge Taylor and Francis Group. p.&nbsp;1. <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/978-0-415-74506-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/978-0-415-74506-2">978-0-415-74506-2</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.au=Chaffee%2C+Judith&amp;rft.au=Crick%2C+Olly&amp;rft.btitle=The+Routledge+Companion+to+Commedia+Dell%27Arte&amp;rft.date=2015&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-415-74506-2&amp;rft.pages=1&amp;rft.place=Londres+e+Nova+Iorque&amp;rft.pub=Rutledge+Taylor+and+Francis+Group&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-259"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-259">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Goldoni, Carlo (1814). «XVII». <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3D-J4wIpSCmEQC%26pg%3DPA331"><i>Memoirs of Goldoni</i></a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Google books)</span>. John Black (trans.). Londres: Henry Colburn. 331&nbsp;páginas<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 6 de setembro de 2008</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.atitle=XVII&amp;rft.aufirst=Carlo&amp;rft.aulast=Goldoni&amp;rft.btitle=Memoirs+of+Goldoni&amp;rft.date=1814&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.place=Londres&amp;rft.pub=Henry+Colburn&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-J4wIpSCmEQC%26pg%3DPA331&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-260"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-260">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://web.archive.org/web/20140222011026/http://www.languagemonitor.com/fashion/sorry-kate-new-york-edges-paris-and-london-in-top-global-fashion-capital-10th-annual-survey/">«New York Takes Top Global Fashion Capital Title from London, edging past Paris»</a>. Languagemonitor.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 25 de fevereiro de 2014</span>. Arquivado do <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.languagemonitor.com/fashion/sorry-kate-new-york-edges-paris-and-london-in-top-global-fashion-capital-10th-annual-survey/">original</a> em 22 de fevereiro de 2014</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.btitle=New+York+Takes+Top+Global+Fashion+Capital+Title+from+London%2C+edging+past+Paris&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Languagemonitor.com&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.languagemonitor.com%2Ffashion%2Fsorry-kate-new-york-edges-paris-and-london-in-top-global-fashion-capital-10th-annual-survey%2F&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-261"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-261">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Press, Debbie (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://books.google.com/?id%3DpkeaOOxb_isC%26pg%3DPA16%23v%3Donepage%26q%3D%26f%3Dfalse">«Your Modeling Career: You Don't Have to Be a Superstar to Succeed»</a>. <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/978-1-58115-045-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/978-1-58115-045-2">978-1-58115-045-2</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.atitle=Your+Modeling+Career%3A+You+Don%27t+Have+to+Be+a+Superstar+to+Succeed&amp;rft.aufirst=Debbie&amp;rft.aulast=Press&amp;rft.date=2000&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-58115-045-2&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DpkeaOOxb_isC%26pg%3DPA16%23v%3Donepage%26q%3D%26f%3Dfalse&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-262"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-262">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Jonathan M. Woodham (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://books.google.com.br/books?id%3D2AIso3ujCqkC%26pg%3DPA191%26lpg%3DPA191%26dq%3Dbel%2BDisegno%2522%2Be%2B%2522Linea%2BItaliana%26source%3Dbl%26ots%3DwrBCeiAjcn%26sig%3D7iCATRmDyrSm8CuaPJ9BuN09J48%26hl%3Dpt-BR%26sa%3DX%26ved%3D0ahUKEwjC2_rSh87bAhUGkJAKHUW3AkYQ6AEIOjAG%23v%3Donepage%26q%3Dbel%2520Disegno%2522%2520e%2520%2522Linea%2520Italiana%26f%3Dfalse">«Twentieth Century Design»</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 12 de junho de 2018</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.au=Jonathan+M.+Woodham&amp;rft.btitle=Twentieth+Century+Design&amp;rft.date=1997&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.br%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2AIso3ujCqkC%26pg%3DPA191%26lpg%3DPA191%26dq%3Dbel%2BDisegno%2522%2Be%2B%2522Linea%2BItaliana%26source%3Dbl%26ots%3DwrBCeiAjcn%26sig%3D7iCATRmDyrSm8CuaPJ9BuN09J48%26hl%3Dpt-BR%26sa%3DX%26ved%3D0ahUKEwjC2_rSh87bAhUGkJAKHUW3AkYQ6AEIOjAG%23v%3Donepage%26q%3Dbel%2520Disegno%2522%2520e%2520%2522Linea%2520Italiana%26f%3Dfalse&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Insight_Guides_2004_p.220-263"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><i><b><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Insight_Guides_2004_p.220_263-0">a</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Insight_Guides_2004_p.220_263-1">b</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Insight_Guides_2004_p.220_263-2">c</a></b></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Insight Guides (2004) p.220</span></li> <li id="cite_note-wiley.com-264"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-wiley.com_264-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-0470026839.html">«Design City Milan»</a>. Wiley<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 3 de janeiro de 2010</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://web.archive.org/web/20101206052654/http://www.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-0470026839.html">Cópia arquivada em 6 de dezembro de 2010</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.btitle=Design+City+Milan&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Wiley&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wiley.com%2FWileyCDA%2FWileyTitle%2FproductCd-0470026839.html&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-265"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-265">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://web.archive.org/web/20071112121758/http://www.frieze.com/issue/article/milan_turin">«Frieze Magazine – Archive – Milan and Turin»</a>. Frieze<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 3 de janeiro de 2010</span>. Arquivado do <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.frieze.com/issue/article/milan_turin">original</a> em 12 de novembro de 2007</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.btitle=Frieze+Magazine+%93+Archive+%93+Milan+and+Turin&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Frieze&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.frieze.com%2Fissue%2Farticle%2Fmilan_turin&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-266"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-266">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://web.archive.org/web/20100410100532/http://www.inmamaskitchen.com/ITALIAN_COOKING/rome_Lazio/Rome_LAZIO.html">«Italian Cooking: History of Food and Cooking in Rome and Lazio Region, Papal Influence, Jewish Influence, The Essence of Roman Italian Cooking»</a>. Inmamaskitchen.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 24 de abril de 2010</span>. Arquivado do <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.inmamaskitchen.com/ITALIAN_COOKING/rome_Lazio/Rome_LAZIO.html">original</a> em 10 de abril de 2010</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.btitle=Italian+Cooking%3A+History+of+Food+and+Cooking+in+Rome+and+Lazio+Region%2C+Papal+Influence%2C+Jewish+Influence%2C+The+Essence+of+Roman+Italian+Cooking&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Inmamaskitchen.com&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.inmamaskitchen.com%2FITALIAN_COOKING%2Frome_Lazio%2FRome_LAZIO.html&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-267"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-267">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.epicurean.com/articles/making-of-italian-food.html">«The Making of Italian Food...From the Beginning»</a>. Epicurean<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 24 de abril de 2010</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://web.archive.org/web/20100327080045/http://www.epicurean.com/articles/making-of-italian-food.html">Cópia arquivada em 27 de março de 2010</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.btitle=The+Making+of+Italian+Food...From+the+Beginning&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Epicurean&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epicurean.com%2Farticles%2Fmaking-of-italian-food.html&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-268"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-268">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Del Conte, 11–21.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Culinária-269"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><i><b><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Culin%C3%A1ria_269-0">a</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Culin%C3%A1ria_269-1">b</a></b></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Related Articles (2 de janeiro de 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/718430/Italian-cuisine">«Italian cuisine – Britannica Online Encyclopedia»</a>. Britannica.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 24 de abril de 2010</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://web.archive.org/web/20100716014306/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/718430/Italian-cuisine">Cópia arquivada em 16 de julho de 2010</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.au=Related+Articles&amp;rft.btitle=Italian+cuisine+%93+Britannica+Online+Encyclopedia&amp;rft.date=2009-01-02&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Britannica.com&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F718430%2FItalian-cuisine&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-270"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-270">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://web.archive.org/web/20110102020059/http://www.indigoguide.com/italy/food.htm">«Italian Food – Italy's Regional Dishes &amp; Cuisine»</a>. Indigoguide.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 24 de abril de 2010</span>. Arquivado do <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.indigoguide.com/italy/food.htm">original</a> em 2 de janeiro de 2011</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.btitle=Italian+Food+%93+Italy%27s+Regional+Dishes+%26+Cuisine&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Indigoguide.com&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.indigoguide.com%2Fitaly%2Ffood.htm&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-271"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-271">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.rusticocooking.com/regions.htm">«Regional Italian Cuisine»</a>. Rusticocooking<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 24 de abril de 2010</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://web.archive.org/web/20100410072851/http://www.rusticocooking.com/regions.htm">Cópia arquivada em 10 de abril de 2010</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.btitle=Regional+Italian+Cuisine&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Rusticocooking&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rusticocooking.com%2Fregions.htm&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-272"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-272">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://web.archive.org/web/20130629071154/http://travel.cnn.com/explorations/eat/worlds-best-food-cultures-453528">«Which country has the best food?»</a>. CNN. 6 de janeiro de 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 14 de outubro de 2013</span>. Arquivado do <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://travel.cnn.com/explorations/eat/worlds-best-food-cultures-453528">original</a> em 29 de junho de 2013</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.btitle=Which+country+has+the+best+food%3F&amp;rft.date=2013-01-06&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=CNN&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftravel.cnn.com%2Fexplorations%2Feat%2Fworlds-best-food-cultures-453528&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-273"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-273">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Freeman, Nancy (2 de março de 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.sallybernstein.com/food/cuisines/us/">«American Food, Cuisine»</a>. Sallybernstein.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 24 de abril de 2010</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://web.archive.org/web/20100418064119/http://www.sallybernstein.com/food/cuisines/us/">Cópia arquivada em 18 de abril de 2010</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.aufirst=Nancy&amp;rft.aulast=Freeman&amp;rft.btitle=American+Food%2C+Cuisine&amp;rft.date=2007-03-02&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Sallybernstein.com&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sallybernstein.com%2Ffood%2Fcuisines%2Fus%2F&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-274"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-274">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">The Silver Spoon <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/88-7212-223-6?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/88-7212-223-6">88-7212-223-6</a>, 1997 ed.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-275"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-275">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Mario Batali Simple Italian Food: Recipes from My Two Villages (1998), <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/0-609-60300-0?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/0-609-60300-0">0-609-60300-0</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-276"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-276">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://web.archive.org/web/20130520205539/http://www.harrisinteractive.com/vault/HarrisPoll18-DiningOut_4-3-13.pdf">«Most Americans Have Dined Outin the Past Month and, Among Type of Cuisine, American Food is Tops Followed by Italian»</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Harris interactive<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 31 de agosto de 2013</span>. Arquivado do <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.harrisinteractive.com/vault/HarrisPoll18-DiningOut_4-3-13.pdf">original</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> em 20 de maio de 2013</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.btitle=Most+Americans+Have+Dined+Outin+the+Past+Month+and%2C+Among+Type+of+Cuisine%2C+American+Food+is+Tops+Followed+by+Italian&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Harris+interactive&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.harrisinteractive.com%2Fvault%2FHarrisPoll18-DiningOut_4-3-13.pdf&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-277"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-277">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Kazmin, Amy (26 de março de 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/7ab87234-9214-11e2-851f-00144feabdc0.html%23axzz2dZCeLdLg">«A taste for Italian in New Delhi»</a>. <i><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Financial_Times?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Financial Times">Financial Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 31 de agosto de 2013</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.atitle=A+taste+for+Italian+in+New+Delhi&amp;rft.aufirst=Amy&amp;rft.aulast=Kazmin&amp;rft.date=2013-03-26&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Financial+Times&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fintl%2Fcms%2Fs%2F0%2F7ab87234-9214-11e2-851f-00144feabdc0.html%23axzz2dZCeLdLg&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-278"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-278">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Keane, John. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://web.archive.org/web/20140329075250/http://www.bordbia.ie/industryservices/information/alerts/Pages/ItalyleadsthewaywithprotectedproductsunderEUschemes.aspx">«Italy leads the way with protected products under EU schemes»</a>. <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Bord_Bia&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Bord Bia (página não existe)">Bord Bia</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 5 de setembro de 2013</span>. Arquivado do <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.bordbia.ie/industryservices/information/alerts/Pages/ItalyleadsthewaywithprotectedproductsunderEUschemes.aspx">original</a> em 29 de março de 2014</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.aufirst=John&amp;rft.aulast=Keane&amp;rft.btitle=Italy+leads+the+way+with+protected+products+under+EU+schemes&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Bord+Bia&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bordbia.ie%2Findustryservices%2Finformation%2Falerts%2FPages%2FItalyleadsthewaywithprotectedproductsunderEUschemes.aspx&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-279"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-279">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Marshall, Lee (30 de setembro de 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/destinations/europe/italy/6246202/Italian-coffee-culture-a-guide.html">«Italian coffee culture: a guide»</a>. <i><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 5 de setembro de 2013</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://web.archive.org/web/20131010212148/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/destinations/europe/italy/6246202/Italian-coffee-culture-a-guide.html">Cópia arquivada em 10 de outubro de 2013</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.atitle=Italian+coffee+culture%3A+a+guide&amp;rft.aufirst=Lee&amp;rft.aulast=Marshall&amp;rft.date=2009-09-30&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Ftravel%2Fdestinations%2Feurope%2Fitaly%2F6246202%2FItalian-coffee-culture-a-guide.html&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-280"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-280">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Jewkes, Stephen (13 de outubro de 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.timescolonist.com/life/travel/world-s-first-museum-about-gelato-culture-opens-in-italy-1.15866">«World's first museum about gelato culture opens in Italy»</a>. <i>Times Colonist</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 5 de setembro de 2013</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://web.archive.org/web/20131016062518/http://www.timescolonist.com/life/travel/world-s-first-museum-about-gelato-culture-opens-in-italy-1.15866">Cópia arquivada em 16 de outubro de 2013</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.atitle=World%27s+first+museum+about+gelato+culture+opens+in+Italy&amp;rft.aufirst=Stephen&amp;rft.aulast=Jewkes&amp;rft.date=2012-10-13&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Times+Colonist&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.timescolonist.com%2Flife%2Ftravel%2Fworld-s-first-museum-about-gelato-culture-opens-in-italy-1.15866&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-281"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-281">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Squires, Nick (23 de agosto de 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/italy/10261930/Tiramisu-claimed-by-Treviso.html">«Tiramisu claimed by Treviso»</a>. <i><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 5 de setembro de 2013</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://web.archive.org/web/20130829091009/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/italy/10261930/Tiramisu-claimed-by-Treviso.html">Cópia arquivada em 29 de agosto de 2013</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.atitle=Tiramisu+claimed+by+Treviso&amp;rft.aufirst=Nick&amp;rft.aulast=Squires&amp;rft.date=2013-08-23&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworldnews%2Feurope%2Fitaly%2F10261930%2FTiramisu-claimed-by-Treviso.html&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-282"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-282">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://web.archive.org/web/20151211230213/http://www.moviemaker.com/archives/moviemaking/directing/articles-directing/the-25-most-influential-directors-of-all-time-3358/">«The 25 Most Influential Directors of All Time»</a>. <i>MovieMaker Magazine</i>. Arquivado do <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.moviemaker.com/archives/moviemaking/directing/articles-directing/the-25-most-influential-directors-of-all-time-3358/">original</a> em 11 de dezembro de 2015</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.atitle=The+25+Most+Influential+Directors+of+All+Time&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=MovieMaker+Magazine&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.moviemaker.com%2Farchives%2Fmoviemaking%2Fdirecting%2Farticles-directing%2Fthe-25-most-influential-directors-of-all-time-3358%2F&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-VeniceFilmFest-283"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><i><b><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-VeniceFilmFest_283-0">a</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-VeniceFilmFest_283-1">b</a></b></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Anderson, Ariston. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/venice-film-festival-unveils-lineup-720770">«Venice: David Gordon Green's 'Manglehorn,' Abel Ferrara's 'Pasolini' in Competition Lineup»</a>. <i><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Hollywood_Reporter?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The Hollywood Reporter">The Hollywood Reporter</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://web.archive.org/web/20160218220740/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/venice-film-festival-unveils-lineup-720770">Cópia arquivada em 18 de fevereiro de 2016</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.atitle=Venice%3A+David+Gordon+Green%27s+%27Manglehorn%2C%27+Abel+Ferrara%27s+%27Pasolini%27+in+Competition+Lineup&amp;rft.aufirst=Ariston&amp;rft.aulast=Anderson&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Hollywood+Reporter&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hollywoodreporter.com%2Fnews%2Fvenice-film-festival-unveils-lineup-720770&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-284"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-284">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://time.com/3291348/addio-lido-last-postcards-from-the-venice-film-festival/">«Addio, Lido: Last Postcards from the Venice Film Festival»</a>. <i><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Time_(magazine)?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Time (magazine)">TIME</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://web.archive.org/web/20140920162423/http://time.com/3291348/addio-lido-last-postcards-from-the-venice-film-festival/">Cópia arquivada em 20 de setembro de 2014</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.atitle=Addio%2C+Lido%3A+Last+Postcards+from+the+Venice+Film+Festival&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=TIME&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftime.com%2F3291348%2Faddio-lido-last-postcards-from-the-venice-film-festival%2F&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-285"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-285">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/italians/resources/Amiciprize/1996/mussolini.html">«The Cinema Under Mussolini»</a>. Ccat.sas.upenn.edu<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 30 de outubro de 2010</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://web.archive.org/web/20100731200507/http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/italians/resources/Amiciprize/1996/mussolini.html">Cópia arquivada em 31 de julho de 2010</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.btitle=The+Cinema+Under+Mussolini&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Ccat.sas.upenn.edu&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fccat.sas.upenn.edu%2Fitalians%2Fresources%2FAmiciprize%2F1996%2Fmussolini.html&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-286"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-286">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Ebert, Roger. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://web.archive.org/web/20050310143342/http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID%3D/19990319/REVIEWS08/903190306/1023">«The Bicycle Thief / Bicycle Thieves (1949)»</a>. Chicago Sun-Times<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 8 de setembro de 2011</span>. Arquivado do <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID%3D/19990319/REVIEWS08/903190306/1023">original</a> em 10 de março de 2005</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.aufirst=Roger&amp;rft.aulast=Ebert&amp;rft.btitle=The+Bicycle+Thief+%2F+Bicycle+Thieves+%281949%29&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Chicago+Sun-Times&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frogerebert.suntimes.com%2Fapps%2Fpbcs.dll%2Farticle%3FAID%3D%2F19990319%2FREVIEWS08%2F903190306%2F1023&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-287"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-287">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://web.archive.org/web/20151211230213/http://www.moviemaker.com/archives/moviemaking/directing/articles-directing/the-25-most-influential-directors-of-all-time-3358/">«The 25 Most Influential Directors of All Time»</a>. <i>MovieMaker Magazine</i>. Arquivado do <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.moviemaker.com/archives/moviemaking/directing/articles-directing/the-25-most-influential-directors-of-all-time-3358/">original</a> em 11 de dezembro de 2015</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.atitle=The+25+Most+Influential+Directors+of+All+Time&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=MovieMaker+Magazine&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.moviemaker.com%2Farchives%2Fmoviemaking%2Fdirecting%2Farticles-directing%2Fthe-25-most-influential-directors-of-all-time-3358%2F&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-288"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-288">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://whatculture.com/film/10-most-influential-directors-of-all-time.php/2">«10 Most Influential Directors Of All Time»</a>. <i>WhatCulture.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://web.archive.org/web/20151121112410/http://whatculture.com/film/10-most-influential-directors-of-all-time.php/2">Cópia arquivada em 21 de novembro de 2015</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.atitle=10+Most+Influential+Directors+Of+All+Time&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=WhatCulture.com&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwhatculture.com%2Ffilm%2F10-most-influential-directors-of-all-time.php%2F2&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-289"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-289">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.filmreference.com/encyclopedia/Independent-Film-Road-Movies/Neorealism-HISTORICAL-ORIGINS-OF-ITALIAN-NEOREALISM.html">«Historical origins of italian neorealism – Neorealism – actor, actress, film, children, voice, show, born, director, son, cinema, scene»</a>. Filmreference<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 7 de setembro de 2011</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://web.archive.org/web/20120514060041/http://www.filmreference.com/encyclopedia/Independent-Film-Road-Movies/Neorealism-HISTORICAL-ORIGINS-OF-ITALIAN-NEOREALISM.html">Cópia arquivada em 14 de maio de 2012</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.btitle=Historical+origins+of+italian+neorealism+%93+Neorealism+%93+actor%2C+actress%2C+film%2C+children%2C+voice%2C+show%2C+born%2C+director%2C+son%2C+cinema%2C+scene&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Filmreference&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.filmreference.com%2Fencyclopedia%2FIndependent-Film-Road-Movies%2FNeorealism-HISTORICAL-ORIGINS-OF-ITALIAN-NEOREALISM.html&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-290"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-290">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.criterion.com/explore/6-italian-neorealism">«Italian Neorealism – Explore – The Criterion Collection»</a>. Criterion<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 7 de setembro de 2011</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://web.archive.org/web/20110918102158/http://www.criterion.com/explore/6-italian-neorealism">Cópia arquivada em 18 de setembro de 2011</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.btitle=Italian+Neorealism+%93+Explore+%93+The+Criterion+Collection&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Criterion&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.criterion.com%2Fexplore%2F6-italian-neorealism&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-291"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-291">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Bondanella, Peter E. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://books.google.com/books/about/Italian_cinema.html?id%3DPiTBFMc7tp4C"><i>Italian Cinema: From Neorealism to the Present</i></a> (em inglês). Londres e Nova Iorque: Continuum. p.&nbsp;13. <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/9780826412478?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/9780826412478">9780826412478</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.aufirst=Peter+E.&amp;rft.aulast=Bondanella&amp;rft.btitle=Italian+Cinema%3A+From+Neorealism+to+the+Present&amp;rft.date=2001&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=9780826412478&amp;rft.pages=13&amp;rft.place=Londres+e+Nova+Iorque&amp;rft.pub=Continuum&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%2Fabout%2FItalian_cinema.html%3Fid%3DPiTBFMc7tp4C&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-292"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-292">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://web.archive.org/web/20120624220055/http://www.amblondra.esteri.it/Ambasciata_Londra/Menu/In_linea_con_utente/Domande_frequenti/altro.htm">«Festività nazionali in Italia»</a> (em italiano). Italian Embassy in London<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 15 de abril de 2012</span>. Arquivado do <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.amblondra.esteri.it/Ambasciata_Londra/Menu/In_linea_con_utente/Domande_frequenti/altro.htm">original</a> em 24 de junho de 2012</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.btitle=Festivit%C3%A0+nazionali+in+Italia&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Italian+Embassy+in+London&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.amblondra.esteri.it%2FAmbasciata_Londra%2FMenu%2FIn_linea_con_utente%2FDomande_frequenti%2Faltro.htm&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-293"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-293">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.festadellarepubblica.it/%23">«2 giugno, festa della repubblica italiana, eventi 2 giugno 2017, frecce tricolori, parata militare del 2 giugno – 2 giugno, festa della repubblica italiana, eventi 2 giugno 2017, frecce tricolori, parata militare del 2 giugno»</a>. <i>www.festadellarepubblica.it</i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.atitle=2+giugno%2C+festa+della+repubblica+italiana%2C+eventi+2+giugno+2017%2C+frecce+tricolori%2C+parata+militare+del+2+giugno+%93+2+giugno%2C+festa+della+repubblica+italiana%2C+eventi+2+giugno+2017%2C+frecce+tricolori%2C+parata+militare+del+2+giugno&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=www.festadellarepubblica.it&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.festadellarepubblica.it%2F%23&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-alio-294"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-alio_294-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Alio, Jacqueline (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://bestofsicily.com/mag/art333.htm">«Saint Lucy – Sicily's Most Famous Woman»</a>. <i>Best of Sicily Magazine</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://web.archive.org/web/20121015021932/http://bestofsicily.com/mag/art333.htm">Cópia arquivada em 15 de outubro de 2012</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.atitle=Saint+Lucy+%93+Sicily%27s+Most+Famous+Woman&amp;rft.au=Alio%2C+Jacqueline&amp;rft.date=2009&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Best+of+Sicily+Magazine&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbestofsicily.com%2Fmag%2Fart333.htm&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-295"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-295">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Roy, Christian (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DIKqOUfqt4cIC%26pg%3DPA144"><i>Traditional Festivals</i></a>. Santa Bárbara: ABC-CLIO. p.&nbsp;144. <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/9781576070895?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/9781576070895">9781576070895</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 13 de janeiro de 2015</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.aufirst=Christian&amp;rft.aulast=Roy&amp;rft.btitle=Traditional+Festivals&amp;rft.date=2005&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=9781576070895&amp;rft.pages=144&amp;rft.place=Santa+B%C3%A1rbara&amp;rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIKqOUfqt4cIC%26pg%3DPA144&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-296"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-296">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Jonathan Boardman (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://books.google.com/?id%3DVHAUAQAAIAAJ"><i>Rome: A Cultural and Literary Companion</i></a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Google Books)</span>. Oxford: Signal Books. p.&nbsp;219. <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/1902669150?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/1902669150">1902669150</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.au=Jonathan+Boardman&amp;rft.btitle=Rome%3A+A+Cultural+and+Literary+Companion&amp;rft.date=2000&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=1902669150&amp;rft.pages=219&amp;rft.place=Oxford&amp;rft.pub=Signal+Books&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DVHAUAQAAIAAJ&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-297"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-297">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.governo.it/Presidenza/ufficio_cerimoniale/cerimoniale/giornate.html">«Festività nazionali in Italia»</a> (em italiano). Governo Italiano – Dipartimento per il Cerimoniale dello Stato<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 25 de maio de 2013</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://web.archive.org/web/20130522221028/http://www.governo.it/Presidenza/ufficio_cerimoniale/cerimoniale/giornate.html">Cópia arquivada em 22 de maio de 2013</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.btitle=Festivit%C3%A0+nazionali+in+Italia&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Governo+Italiano+%93+Dipartimento+per+il+Cerimoniale+dello+Stato&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.governo.it%2FPresidenza%2Fufficio_cerimoniale%2Fcerimoniale%2Fgiornate.html&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-298"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-298">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://web.archive.org/web/20141213122708/http://www.unesco.org/culture/ich/index.php?lg%3Den%26pg%3D00011%26RL%3D00721">«Celebrations of big shoulder-borne processional structures»</a>. UNESCO<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 29 de novembro de 2014</span>. Arquivado do <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.unesco.org/culture/ich/index.php?lg%3Den%26pg%3D00011%26RL%3D00721">original</a> em 13 de dezembro de 2014</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.btitle=Celebrations+of+big+shoulder-borne+processional+structures&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=UNESCO&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unesco.org%2Fculture%2Fich%2Findex.php%3Flg%3Den%26pg%3D00011%26RL%3D00721&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-299"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-299">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Hamil, Sean; Chadwick, Simon (2010). <i>Managing football&nbsp;: an international perspective</i> 1ª ed., dodr. ed. Amsterdam: Elsevier/Butterworth-Heinemann. p.&nbsp;285. <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/1-85617-544-8?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/1-85617-544-8">1-85617-544-8</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.au=Chadwick%2C+Simon&amp;rft.aufirst=Sean&amp;rft.aulast=Hamil&amp;rft.btitle=Managing+football+%3A+an+international+perspective&amp;rft.date=2010&amp;rft.edition=1%AA+ed.%2C+dodr.&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=1-85617-544-8&amp;rft.pages=285&amp;rft.place=Amsterdam&amp;rft.pub=Elsevier%2FButterworth-Heinemann&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-300"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-300">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://web.archive.org/web/20110125063612/https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/index.html">«Previous FIFA World Cups»</a>. FIFA<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 8 de janeiro de 2011</span>. Arquivado do <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/index.html">original</a> em 25 de janeiro de 2011</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.btitle=Previous+FIFA+World+Cups&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=FIFA&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fifa.com%2Fworldcup%2Farchive%2Findex.html&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-trank2-301"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-trank2_301-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://web.archive.org/web/20170625203130/https://kassiesa.home.xs4all.nl/bert/uefa/data/method5/crank2018.html">«UEFA Country Ranking 2018»</a>. kassiesa.home.xs4all.nl<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 26 de maio de 2018</span>. Arquivado do <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://kassiesa.home.xs4all.nl/bert/uefa/data/method5/crank2018.html">original</a> em 25 de junho de 2017</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.btitle=UEFA+Country+Ranking+2018&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=kassiesa.home.xs4all.nl&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkassiesa.home.xs4all.nl%2Fbert%2Fuefa%2Fdata%2Fmethod5%2Fcrank2018.html&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-302"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-302">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://web.archive.org/web/20110407212016/https://www.uefa.com/memberassociations/uefarankings/country/index.html">«Member associations - UEFA rankings - Country coefficients»</a>. <i>UEFA.com</i> (em inglês)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 26 de maio de 2018</span>. Arquivado do <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.uefa.com/memberassociations/uefarankings/country/index.html">original</a> em 7 de abril de 2011</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.atitle=Member+associations+-+UEFA+rankings+-+Country+coefficients&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=UEFA.com&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.uefa.com%2Fmemberassociations%2Fuefarankings%2Fcountry%2Findex.html&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-303"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-303">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://web.archive.org/web/20130317104749/http://www.espnscrum.com/six-nations-2013/rugby/match/133794.html">«Rugby Union - ESPN Scrum - Italy v Ireland at Rome»</a>. <i>ESPN scrum</i>. Arquivado do <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.espnscrum.com/six-nations-2013/rugby/match/133794.html">original</a> em 17 de março de 2013</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.atitle=Rugby+Union+-+ESPN+Scrum+-+Italy+v+Ireland+at+Rome&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=ESPN+scrum&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.espnscrum.com%2Fsix-nations-2013%2Frugby%2Fmatch%2F133794.html&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Ferrari-304"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><i><b><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Ferrari_304-0">a</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Ferrari_304-1">b</a></b></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.formula1.com/en/teams/Ferrari.html">«Ferrari»</a>. <i>Formula1</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 6 de fevereiro de 2016</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://web.archive.org/web/20160208235628/https://www.formula1.com/en/teams/Ferrari.html">Cópia arquivada em 8 de fevereiro de 2016</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.atitle=Ferrari&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Formula1&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.formula1.com%2Fen%2Fteams%2FFerrari.html&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-305"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-305">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Foot, John. <i>Pedalare! Pedalare!: a history of Italian cycling</i>. Londres: Bloomsbury. p.&nbsp;312. <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/978-1-4088-2219-7?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/978-1-4088-2219-7">978-1-4088-2219-7</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.aufirst=John&amp;rft.aulast=Foot&amp;rft.btitle=Pedalare%21+Pedalare%21%3A+a+history+of+Italian+cycling&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-4088-2219-7&amp;rft.pages=312&amp;rft.place=Londres&amp;rft.pub=Bloomsbury&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-306"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-306">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Hall, James (23 de novembro de 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/news/Italy-is-best-value-skiing-country-report-finds/">«Italy is best value skiing country, report finds»</a>. <i>The Daily Telegraph</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 29 de agosto de 2013</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://web.archive.org/web/20131003012827/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/news/Italy-is-best-value-skiing-country-report-finds/">Cópia arquivada em 3 de outubro de 2013</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.atitle=Italy+is+best+value+skiing+country%2C+report+finds&amp;rft.aufirst=James&amp;rft.aulast=Hall&amp;rft.date=2012-11-23&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Ftravel%2Fnews%2FItaly-is-best-value-skiing-country-report-finds%2F&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-307"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-307">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.federtennis.it/DettaglioNews.asp?IDNews%3D55672">«Il tennis è il quarto sport in Italia per numero di praticanti»</a>. Federazione Italiana Tennis<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 29 de agosto de 2013</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://web.archive.org/web/20130927033216/http://www.federtennis.it/DettaglioNews.asp?IDNews%3D55672">Cópia arquivada em 27 de setembro de 2013</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.btitle=Il+tennis+%C3%A8+il+quarto+sport+in+Italia+per+numero+di+praticanti&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Federazione+Italiana+Tennis&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.federtennis.it%2FDettaglioNews.asp%3FIDNews%3D55672&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-308"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-308">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/MotoGP?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="MotoGP">MotoGP</a> (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.motogp.com/en/Results%2BStatistics">«Results &amp; Statistics»</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 13 de junho de 2018</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.btitle=Results+%26+Statistics&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.motogp.com%2Fen%2FResults%2BStatistics&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></span></li> </ol> </div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h3> </div> <ul> <li><cite class="citation book"><i>Italy</i>. Col: Eyewitness Travel. [S.l.]: DK. 2005. <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/1-4053-0781-1?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/1-4053-0781-1">1-4053-0781-1</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.btitle=Italy&amp;rft.date=2005&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=1-4053-0781-1&amp;rft.pub=DK&amp;rft.series=Eyewitness+Travel&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation web">Hacken, Richard. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://eudocs.lib.byu.edu/index.php/History_of_Italy:_Primary_Documents">«History of Italy: Primary Documents»</a>. EuroDocs: Harold B. Lee Library: Brigham Young University<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 6 de março de 2010</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.aufirst=Richard&amp;rft.aulast=Hacken&amp;rft.btitle=History+of+Italy%3A+Primary+Documents&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=EuroDocs%3A+Harold+B.+Lee+Library%3A+Brigham+Young+University&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feudocs.lib.byu.edu%2Findex.php%2FHistory_of_Italy%3A_Primary_Documents&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.fastionline.org/">«FastiOnline: A database of archaeological excavations since the year 2000»</a>. International Association of Classical Archaeology (AIAC). 2004–2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 6 de março de 2010</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.btitle=FastiOnline%3A+A+database+of+archaeological+excavations+since+the+year+2000&amp;rft.date=2004%2F2007&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=International+Association+of+Classical+Archaeology+%28AIAC%29&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fastionline.org%2F&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></li> <li>Frederick Hartt, <i>A History of Italian Renaissance Art</i>, (1970) Thames and Hudson, <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/0-500-23136-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/0-500-23136-2">0-500-23136-2</a></li> <li>Hibberd, Matthew. <i>The media in Italy</i> (McGraw-Hill International, 2007)</li> <li>Sarti, Roland, ed. <i>Italy: A reference guide from the Renaissance to the present</i> (2004)</li> <li>Sassoon, Donald. <i>Contemporary Italy: politics, economy and society since 1945</i> (Routledge, 2014)</li> <li><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://vlib.iue.it/hist-italy/Index.html">«Italy History – Italian History Index»</a> (em italiano e inglês). European University Institute, The World Wide Web Virtual Library. 1995–2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 6 de março de 2010</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AIt%C3%A1lia&amp;rft.btitle=Italy+History+%93+Italian+History+Index&amp;rft.date=1995%2F2010&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=European+University+Institute%2C+The+World+Wide+Web+Virtual+Library&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvlib.iue.it%2Fhist-italy%2FIndex.html&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&nbsp;</span></span></li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(11)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Ligações_externas"><span id="Liga.C3.A7.C3.B5es_externas"></span>Ligações externas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=It%C3%A1lia&amp;action=edit&amp;section=42&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Editar secção: Ligações externas" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>editar</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-11 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-11"> <table class="infobox noprint" style="width:250px; line-height:2.2em; font-size:90%"> <tbody> <tr style="line-height:1.3em"> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;">Outros projetos <a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikimedia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikimedia">Wikimedia</a> também contêm material sobre Itália:</td> </tr> <tr> <th style="width: 37px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://pt.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/It%25C3%25A1lia" title="Wikcionário"> <noscript> <img alt="Wikcionário" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Wiktionary-logo-pt.png/25px-Wiktionary-logo-pt.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="24" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="140" data-file-height="135"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 25px;height: 24px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Wiktionary-logo-pt.png/25px-Wiktionary-logo-pt.png" data-alt="Wikcionário" data-width="25" data-height="24" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Wiktionary-logo-pt.png/38px-Wiktionary-logo-pt.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Wiktionary-logo-pt.png/50px-Wiktionary-logo-pt.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span></th> <td><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://pt.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/It%25C3%25A1lia" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/Itália"><span title="Procurar por definições no Wikicionário"><b>Definições</b></span></a> no <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://pt.wiktionary.org/wiki/P%25C3%25A1gina_principal" class="extiw" title="wikt:Página principal"><span title="Wikcionário">Wikcionário</span></a></td> </tr> <tr> <th><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://pt.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/It%25C3%25A1lia" title="Wikiquote"> <noscript> <img alt="Wikiquote" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/21px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="25" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 21px;height: 25px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/21px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" data-alt="Wikiquote" data-width="21" data-height="25" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/32px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/42px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span></th> <td><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://pt.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/It%25C3%25A1lia" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Itália"><span title="Procurar por citações no Wikiquote"><b>Citações</b></span></a> no <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://pt.wikiquote.org/wiki/P%25C3%25A1gina_principal" class="extiw" title="q:Página principal"><span title="Wikiquote">Wikiquote</span></a></td> </tr> <tr> <th><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Italia" title="Commons"> <noscript> <img alt="Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/21px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="28" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 21px;height: 28px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/21px-Commons-logo.svg.png" data-alt="Commons" data-width="21" data-height="28" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/32px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/42px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span></th> <td><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Italia" class="extiw" title="commons:Special:Search/Italia"><span title="Procurar por imagens e mídia no Commons"><b>Imagens e <i>media</i></b></span></a> no <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/P%25C3%25A1gina_principal" class="extiw" title="commons:Página principal"><span title="Commons">Commons</span></a></td> </tr> <tr> <th><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Category:Italy" title="Commons"> <noscript> <img alt="Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/21px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="28" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 21px;height: 28px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/21px-Commons-logo.svg.png" data-alt="Commons" data-width="21" data-height="28" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/32px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/42px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span></th> <td><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Category:Italy" class="extiw" title="commons:Special:Search/Category:Italy"><span title="Procurar pelas categorias no Commons"><b>Categoria</b></span></a> no <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/P%25C3%25A1gina_principal" class="extiw" title="commons:Página principal"><span title="Commons">Commons</span></a></td> </tr> <tr> <th><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://pt.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/Categoria:It%25C3%25A1lia" title="Wikinotícias"> <noscript> <img alt="Wikinotícias" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/21px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 21px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/21px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" data-alt="Wikinotícias" data-width="21" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/32px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/42px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span></th> <td><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://pt.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/Categoria:It%25C3%25A1lia" class="extiw" title="n:Special:Search/Categoria:Itália"><span title="Procurar pela categoria no Wikinotícias"><b>Categoria</b></span></a> no <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://pt.wikinews.org/wiki/P%25C3%25A1gina_principal" class="extiw" title="n:Página principal"><span title="Wikinotícias">Wikinotícias</span></a></td> </tr> <tr> <th><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://pt.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/It%25C3%25A1lia" title="Wikivoyage"> <noscript> <img alt="Wikivoyage" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/21px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="21" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 21px;height: 21px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/21px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" data-alt="Wikivoyage" data-width="21" data-height="21" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/32px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/42px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span></th> <td><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://pt.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Special:Search/It%25C3%25A1lia" class="extiw" title="voy:Special:Search/Itália"><span title="Procurar por guias turísticos no Wikivoyage"><b>Guia turístico</b></span></a> no <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://pt.wikivoyage.org/wiki/P%25C3%25A1gina_principal" class="extiw" title="voy:Página principal"><span title="Wikivoyage">Wikivoyage</span></a></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <div id="interProject" style="display:none;"> <ul> <li><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Italia" class="extiw" title="commons:Special:Search/Italia"><span title="Commons">Commons</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Category:Italy" class="extiw" title="commons:Special:Search/Category:Italy"><span title="Commons (categoria)">Commons</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://pt.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/It%25C3%25A1lia" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Itália"><span title="Wikiquote">Wikiquote</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://pt.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/Categoria:It%25C3%25A1lia" class="extiw" title="n:Special:Search/Categoria:Itália"><span title="Wikinotícias (categoria)">Wikinotícias</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://pt.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/It%25C3%25A1lia" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/Itália"><span title="Wikcionário">Wikcionário</span></a></li> <li><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://pt.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Special:Search/It%25C3%25A1lia" class="extiw" title="voy:Special:Search/Itália"><span title="Wikivoyage">Wikivoyage</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <ul> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.italia.gov.it">Governo Italiano</a> (em italiano)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=http://www.quirinale.it">Presidência da República</a> (em italiano)</li> </ul> <ul class="noprint navigation-box" style="border-top: solid silver 1px; border-right: solid silver 1px; border-bottom:1px solid silver; border-left: solid silver 1px; padding:3px; background-color: #F9F9F9; text-align: center; margin-top:10px; margin-left: 0; clear: both;"> <li style="display: inline;"><span style="white-space: nowrap; margin: auto 1.5em"><span style="margin-right: 0.5em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:Flag_of_Italy.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portal da Itália"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/25px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="17" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 25px;height: 17px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/25px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="25" data-height="17" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/38px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/50px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span></span> <span style="font-weight:bold"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portal:It%C3%A1lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portal:Itália">Portal da Itália</a></span></span></li> <li style="display: inline;"><span style="white-space: nowrap; margin: auto 1.5em"><span style="margin-right: 0.5em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:Europe_orthographic_Caucasus_Urals_boundary.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portal da Europa"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Europe_orthographic_Caucasus_Urals_boundary.svg/25px-Europe_orthographic_Caucasus_Urals_boundary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="537" data-file-height="536"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 25px;height: 25px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Europe_orthographic_Caucasus_Urals_boundary.svg/25px-Europe_orthographic_Caucasus_Urals_boundary.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="25" data-height="25" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Europe_orthographic_Caucasus_Urals_boundary.svg/38px-Europe_orthographic_Caucasus_Urals_boundary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Europe_orthographic_Caucasus_Urals_boundary.svg/50px-Europe_orthographic_Caucasus_Urals_boundary.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span></span> <span style="font-weight:bold"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portal:Europa?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portal:Europa">Portal da Europa</a></span></span></li> <li style="display: inline;"><span style="white-space: nowrap; margin: auto 1.5em"><span style="margin-right: 0.5em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ficheiro:Flag_of_Europe.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portal da União Europeia"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/25px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="17" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 25px;height: 17px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/25px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="25" data-height="17" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/38px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/50px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">&nbsp;</span></a></span></span> <span style="font-weight:bold"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portal:Uni%C3%A3o_Europeia?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portal:União Europeia">Portal da União Europeia</a></span></span></li> </ul> <p class="mw-empty-elt"></p><!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐int.codfw.main‐696bf4c96‐gt54t Cached time: 20241126144640 Cache expiry: 378811 Reduced expiry: true Complications: [show‐toc] CPU time usage: 3.616 seconds Real time usage: 4.099 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 33688/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 1014788/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 58726/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 25/100 Expensive parser function count: 76/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 393190/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 1.892/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 24885377/52428800 bytes Lua Profile: MediaWiki\Extension\Scribunto\Engines\LuaSandbox\LuaSandboxCallback::getEntity 640 ms 33.0% recursiveClone <mwInit.lua:45> 320 ms 16.5% ? 260 ms 13.4% MediaWiki\Extension\Scribunto\Engines\LuaSandbox\LuaSandboxCallback::match 140 ms 7.2% type 80 ms 4.1% (for generator) 60 ms 3.1% MediaWiki\Extension\Scribunto\Engines\LuaSandbox\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction 60 ms 3.1% MediaWiki\Extension\Scribunto\Engines\LuaSandbox\LuaSandboxCallback::addStatementUsage 40 ms 2.1% init <Módulo:Citação/CS1/Utilidades> 40 ms 2.1% MediaWiki\Extension\Scribunto\Engines\LuaSandbox\LuaSandboxCallback::addTitleOrSiteLinksUsage 40 ms 2.1% [others] 260 ms 13.4% Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 34/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 3224.139 1 -total 32.12% 1035.743 1 Predefinição:Referências 31.71% 1022.238 11 Predefinição:Navbox 29.40% 947.864 1 Predefinição:Bloco_de_navegação 26.50% 854.387 1 Predefinição:Controle_de_autoridade 18.43% 594.223 201 Predefinição:Citar_web 9.66% 311.457 1 Predefinição:Info/País/Itália 9.57% 308.701 1 Predefinição:Info/País 8.19% 264.154 1 Predefinição:Coord 7.80% 251.425 1 Predefinição:Info --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key ptwiki:pcache:idhash:1039-0!canonical and timestamp 20241126144640 and revision id 68701152. Rendering was triggered because: api-parse --> </section> </div><!-- MobileFormatter took 0.128 seconds --><!--esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> --> <noscript> <img src="https://login.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&amp;mobile=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"> </noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet=""> Obtida de "<a dir="ltr" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DIt%C3%A1lia%26oldid%3D68701152">https://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Itália&amp;oldid=68701152</a>" </div> </div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"><a class="last-modified-bar" href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=It%C3%A1lia&amp;action=history&amp;_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"><span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-medium minerva-icon--modified-history"></span> <span class="last-modified-bar__text modified-enhancement" data-user-name="Pixial" data-user-gender="male" data-timestamp="1727288706"> <span>Última edição a 25 de setembro de 2024, às 18h25min</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div></a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id="mw-data-after-content"> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Línguas</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2598%25D1%2582%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B0" title="Италиа — abcázio" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Италиа" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="abcázio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itali" title="Itali — achém" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Itali" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="achém" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2598%25D1%2582%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B5" title="Италие — adigue" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Италие" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="adigue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгабзэ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artigo destacado"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itali%25C3%25AB" title="Italië — africanês" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Italië" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="africanês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italien" title="Italien — alemão suíço" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Italien" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="alemão suíço" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-alt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://alt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2598%25D1%2582%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Италия — altai do sul" lang="alt" hreflang="alt" data-title="Италия" data-language-autonym="Алтай тил" data-language-local-name="altai do sul" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Алтай тил</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%258C%25A3%25E1%2588%258D%25E1%258B%25AB%25E1%258A%2595" title="ጣልያን — amárico" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ጣልያን" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amárico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italy" title="Italy — Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Italy" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangcah</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italia" title="Italia — aragonês" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Italia" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italia" title="Italia — inglês antigo" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Italia" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="inglês antigo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ann mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ann.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itali" title="Itali — obolo" lang="ann" hreflang="ann" data-title="Itali" data-language-autonym="Obolo" data-language-local-name="obolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Obolo</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%2587%25E0%25A4%259F%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A5%2580" title="इटली — angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="इटली" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artigo destacado"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A5%25D9%258A%25D8%25B7%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%258A%25D8%25A7" title="إيطاليا — árabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إيطاليا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="árabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DC%2590%25DC%259D%25DC%259B%25DC%25A0%25DC%259D%25DC%2590" title="ܐܝܛܠܝܐ — aramaico" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܐܝܛܠܝܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="aramaico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25B7%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%258A%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586" title="الطاليان — Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="الطاليان" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A7%25D9%258A%25D8%25B7%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%258A%25D8%25A7" title="ايطاليا — Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ايطاليا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A6%2587%25E0%25A6%259F%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%25B2%25E0%25A7%2580" title="ইটালী — assamês" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ইটালী" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="assamês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italia" title="Italia — asturiano" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Italia" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-atj mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://atj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italie" title="Italie — atikamekw" lang="atj" hreflang="atj" data-title="Italie" data-language-autonym="Atikamekw" data-language-local-name="atikamekw" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Atikamekw</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2598%25D1%2582%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Италия — avar" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Италия" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="avar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italia" title="Italia — Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Italia" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%2587%25E0%25A4%259F%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A5%2580" title="इटली — awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="इटली" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italiya" title="Italiya — aimará" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Italiya" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="aimará" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C4%25B0taliya" title="İtaliya — azerbaijano" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İtaliya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaijano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A7%25DB%258C%25D8%25AA%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25DB%258C%25D8%25A7" title="ایتالیا — South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ایتالیا" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2598%25D1%2582%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Италия — bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Италия" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italia" title="Italia — balinês" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Italia" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balinês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italien" title="Italien — Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Italien" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ital%25C4%2597j%25C4%2597" title="Italėjė — Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Italėjė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bbc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://bbc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italia" title="Italia — Batak Toba" lang="bbc" hreflang="bbc" data-title="Italia" data-language-autonym="Batak Toba" data-language-local-name="Batak Toba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Toba</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italya" title="Italya — Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Italya" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2586%25D1%2582%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D1%2596%25D1%258F" title="Італія — bielorrusso" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Італія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorrusso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2586%25D1%2582%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D1%2596%25D1%258F" title="Італія — Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Італія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itali" title="Itali — Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Itali" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2598%25D1%2582%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Италия — búlgaro" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Италия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="búlgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%2587%25E0%25A4%259F%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A5%2580" title="इटली — Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="इटली" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itali" title="Itali — bislamá" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Itali" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="bislamá" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2580%25A1%25E1%2580%25AE%25E1%2580%2590%25E1%2580%259C%25E1%2580%25AE%25E1%2580%2581%25E1%2580%2599%25E1%2580%25BA%25E1%2580%25B8%25E1%2580%2591%25E1%2580%25AE" title="အီတလီခမ်းထီ — Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="အီတလီခမ်းထီ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italiya" title="Italiya — bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Italiya" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="bambara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A6%2587%25E0%25A6%25A4%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%25B2%25E0%25A6%25BF" title="ইতালি — bengalês" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ইতালি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25BD%25A8%25E0%25BD%25B2%25E0%25BC%258B%25E0%25BD%258F%25E0%25BC%258B%25E0%25BD%25A3%25E0%25BD%25B2%25E0%25BC%258D" title="ཨི་ཏ་ལི། — tibetano" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཨི་ཏ་ལི།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A6%2587%25E0%25A6%25A4%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%25B2%25E0%25A6%25BF" title="ইতালি — Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="ইতালি" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italia" title="Italia — bretão" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Italia" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italija" title="Italija — bósnio" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Italija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bósnio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italia" title="Italia — Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Italia" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bug mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://bug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%25A8%2595%25E1%25A8%2597%25E1%25A8%2588%25E1%25A8%2592%25E1%25A8%2597%25E1%25A8%2595" title="ᨕᨗᨈᨒᨗᨕ — buginês" lang="bug" hreflang="bug" data-title="ᨕᨗᨈᨒᨗᨕ" data-language-autonym="Basa Ugi" data-language-local-name="buginês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Ugi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2598%25D1%2582%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8" title="Итали — Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Итали" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/It%25C3%25A0lia" title="Itàlia — catalão" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Itàlia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italia" title="Italia — Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Italia" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C3%2589-d%25C3%25A2i-l%25C3%25A9" title="É-dâi-lé — Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="É-dâi-lé" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2598%25D1%2582%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8" title="Итали — checheno" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Итали" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="checheno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italya" title="Italya — cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Italya" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ch mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ch.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italia" title="Italia — chamorro" lang="ch" hreflang="ch" data-title="Italia" data-language-autonym="Chamoru" data-language-local-name="chamorro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chamoru</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%258E%25A2%25E1%258F%2594%25E1%258E%25B5" title="ᎢᏔᎵ — cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎢᏔᎵ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italy" title="Italy — cheyenne" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Italy" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="cheyenne" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tsetsêhestâhese</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A6%25DB%258C%25D8%25AA%25D8%25A7%25DA%25B5%25DB%258C%25D8%25A7" title="ئیتاڵیا — curdo central" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئیتاڵیا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="curdo central" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italia" title="Italia — córsico" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Italia" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="córsico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C4%25B0taliya" title="İtaliya — tártara da Crimeia" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="İtaliya" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="tártara da Crimeia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/It%25C3%25A1lie" title="Itálie — checo" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Itálie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="checo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italsk%25C3%25B4" title="Italskô — kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Italskô" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2587%25D1%2582%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D1%2597%25EA%2599%2597" title="Їталїꙗ — eslavo eclesiástico" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Їталїꙗ" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="eslavo eclesiástico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2598%25D1%2582%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8" title="Итали — chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Итали" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yr_Eidal" title="Yr Eidal — galês" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Yr Eidal" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="galês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italien" title="Italien — dinamarquês" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Italien" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dinamarquês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italia" title="Italia — Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Italia" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italien" title="Italien — alemão" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Italien" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-din mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://din.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italia" title="Italia — dinka" lang="din" hreflang="din" data-title="Italia" data-language-autonym="Thuɔŋjäŋ" data-language-local-name="dinka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Thuɔŋjäŋ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C4%25B0talya" title="İtalya — Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="İtalya" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italska" title="Italska — baixo sorábio" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Italska" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="baixo sorábio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%2587%25E0%25A4%259F%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A5%2580" title="इटाली — Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="इटाली" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DE%2587%25DE%25A8%25DE%2593%25DE%25A6%25DE%258D%25DE%25A9%25DE%2588%25DE%25A8%25DE%258D%25DE%25A7%25DE%258C%25DE%25B0" title="އިޓަލީވިލާތް — divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="އިޓަލީވިލާތް" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://dz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25BD%25A8%25E0%25BE%2580%25E0%25BD%258A%25E0%25BC%258B%25E0%25BD%25A3%25E0%25BD%25B2%25E0%25BC%258B" title="ཨྀཊ་ལི་ — dzonga" lang="dz" hreflang="dz" data-title="ཨྀཊ་ལི་" data-language-autonym="ཇོང་ཁ" data-language-local-name="dzonga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ཇོང་ཁ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italy" title="Italy — ewe" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Italy" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="ewe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eʋegbe</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25CE%2599%25CF%2584%25CE%25B1%25CE%25BB%25CE%25AF%25CE%25B1" title="Ιταλία — grego" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ιταλία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grego" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/It%25C3%25A2glia" title="Itâglia — Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Itâglia" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italy" title="Italy — inglês" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Italy" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artigo destacado"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italio" title="Italio — esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Italio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artigo bom"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italia" title="Italia — espanhol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Italia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanhol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artigo bom"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itaalia" title="Itaalia — estónio" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Itaalia" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estónio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italia" title="Italia — basco" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Italia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italia" title="Italia — Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Italia" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A7%25DB%258C%25D8%25AA%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25DB%258C%25D8%25A7" title="ایتالیا — persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ایتالیا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italiya" title="Italiya — fula" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Italiya" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="fula" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fulfulde</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="artigo recomendado"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italia" title="Italia — finlandês" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Italia" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itaalia" title="Itaalia — Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Itaalia" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itali" title="Itali — fijiano" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Itali" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="fijiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italia" title="Italia — feroês" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Italia" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="feroês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italie" title="Italie — francês" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Italie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italie" title="Italie — Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Italie" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itaalien" title="Itaalien — frísio setentrional" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Itaalien" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frísio setentrional" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italie" title="Italie — friulano" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Italie" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="friulano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itaalje" title="Itaalje — frísico ocidental" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Itaalje" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frísico ocidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Iod%25C3%25A1il" title="An Iodáil — irlandês" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Iodáil" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C4%25B0taliya" title="İtaliya — gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="İtaliya" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E6%2584%258F%25E5%25A4%25A7%25E5%2588%25A9" title="意大利 — gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="意大利" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itali" title="Itali — Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Itali" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Eadailt" title="An Eadailt — gaélico escocês" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="An Eadailt" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaélico escocês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italia" title="Italia — galego" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Italia" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galego" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/It%25C3%25A1lia" title="Itália — guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Itália" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%2587%25E0%25A4%259F%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A5%2580" title="इटली — Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="इटली" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gor mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://gor.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italia" title="Italia — gorontalo" lang="gor" hreflang="gor" data-title="Italia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Hulontalo" data-language-local-name="gorontalo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Hulontalo</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25F0%2590%258C%25B9%25F0%2590%258D%2584%25F0%2590%258C%25B0%25F0%2590%258C%25BB%25F0%2590%258C%25BE%25F0%2590%258C%25B0" title="𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌻𐌾𐌰 — gótico" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌻𐌾𐌰" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="gótico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25AA%2588%25E0%25AA%259F%25E0%25AA%25B2%25E0%25AB%2580" title="ઈટલી — guzerate" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ઈટલી" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="guzerate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yn_Iddaal" title="Yn Iddaal — manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Yn Iddaal" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italiya" title="Italiya — haúça" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Italiya" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="haúça" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yi-thai-li" title="Yi-thai-li — hacá" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Yi-thai-li" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="hacá" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25CA%25BB%25C4%25AAk%25C4%2581lia" title="ʻĪkālia — havaiano" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="ʻĪkālia" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="havaiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%2590%25D7%2599%25D7%2598%25D7%259C%25D7%2599%25D7%2594" title="איטליה — hebraico" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="איטליה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%2587%25E0%25A4%259F%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A5%2580" title="इटली — hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="इटली" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italy" title="Italy — Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Italy" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artigo destacado"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italija" title="Italija — croata" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Italija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italska" title="Italska — alto sorábio" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Italska" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="alto sorábio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itali" title="Itali — haitiano" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Itali" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olaszorsz%25C3%25A1g" title="Olaszország — húngaro" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Olaszország" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="húngaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D4%25BB%25D5%25BF%25D5%25A1%25D5%25AC%25D5%25AB%25D5%25A1" title="Իտալիա — arménio" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Իտալիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D4%25BB%25D5%25BF%25D5%25A1%25D5%25AC%25D5%25AB%25D5%25A1" title="Իտալիա — Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Իտալիա" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italia" title="Italia — interlíngua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Italia" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlíngua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itali" title="Itali — iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Itali" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="iban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italia" title="Italia — indonésio" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Italia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italia" title="Italia — interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Italia" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italy" title="Italy — igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Italy" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italia" title="Italia — inupiaque" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Italia" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="inupiaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Iñupiatun</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italia" title="Italia — ilocano" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Italia" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ilocano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2598%25D1%2582%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8" title="Итали — inguche" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Итали" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="inguche" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italia" title="Italia — ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Italia" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artigo bom"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C3%258Dtal%25C3%25ADa" title="Ítalía — islandês" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Ítalía" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italia" title="Italia — italiano" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Italia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italy" title="Italy — inuktitut" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="Italy" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="inuktitut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E3%2582%25A4%25E3%2582%25BF%25E3%2583%25AA%25E3%2582%25A2" title="イタリア — japonês" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="イタリア" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itali" title="Itali — Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Itali" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/italias" title="italias — lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="italias" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itali" title="Itali — javanês" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Itali" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%25A2%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%259A%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%2590" title="იტალია — georgiano" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="იტალია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italiya" title="Italiya — kara-kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Italiya" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="kara-kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%25B9%25AC%25E1%25B9%25ADelyan" title="Ṭṭelyan — kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Ṭṭelyan" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2598%25D1%2582%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D1%258D" title="Италэ — cabardiano" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Италэ" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="cabardiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itaalii" title="Itaalii — Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Itaalii" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italya" title="Italya — tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Italya" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italia" title="Italia — congolês" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Italia" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="congolês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italia" title="Italia — Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Italia" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itari" title="Itari — quicuio" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Itari" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="quicuio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2598%25D1%2582%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Италия — cazaque" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Италия" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="cazaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%259E%25A2%25E1%259F%258A%25E1%259E%25B8%25E1%259E%258F%25E1%259E%25B6%25E1%259E%259B%25E1%259E%25B8" title="អ៊ីតាលី — khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="អ៊ីតាលី" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B2%2587%25E0%25B2%259F%25E0%25B2%25B2%25E0%25B2%25BF" title="ಇಟಲಿ — canarim" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಇಟಲಿ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="canarim" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25EC%259D%25B4%25ED%2583%2588%25EB%25A6%25AC%25EC%2595%2584" title="이탈리아 — coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="이탈리아" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2598%25D1%2582%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D1%258C%25D1%258F" title="Италья — komi-permyak" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Италья" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="komi-permyak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2598%25D1%2582%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Италия — carachaio-bálcaro" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Италия" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="carachaio-bálcaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A7%25D9%2590%25D9%25B9%25D9%258E%25D9%2584%25DB%258C" title="اِٹَلی — caxemira" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="اِٹَلی" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="caxemira" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italie" title="Italie — kölsch" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Italie" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="kölsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C3%258Etalya" title="Îtalya — curdo" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Îtalya" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="curdo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2598%25D1%2582%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Италия — komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Италия" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itali" title="Itali — córnico" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Itali" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="córnico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2598%25D1%2582%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Италия — quirguiz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Италия" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="quirguiz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italia" title="Italia — latim" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Italia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latim" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italia" title="Italia — ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Italia" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italien" title="Italien — luxemburguês" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Italien" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemburguês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2598%25D1%2582%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Италия — Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Италия" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2598%25D1%2582%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Италия — lezghiano" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Италия" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="lezghiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italia" title="Italia — Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Italia" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yitale" title="Yitale — ganda" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Yitale" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="ganda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Luganda</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itali%25C3%25AB" title="Italië — limburguês" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Italië" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburguês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italia" title="Italia — Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Italia" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talia" title="Talia — Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Talia" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/It%25C3%25A0lia" title="Itàlia — lombardo" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Itàlia" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italya" title="Italya — lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Italya" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25BA%25AD%25E0%25BA%25B5%25E0%25BA%2595%25E0%25BA%25B2%25E0%25BA%25A5%25E0%25BA%25B5" title="ອີຕາລີ — laosiano" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ອີຕາລີ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="laosiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italija" title="Italija — lituano" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Italija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italeja" title="Italeja — Latgalian" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Italeja" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="Latgalian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latgaļu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/It%25C4%2581lija" title="Itālija — letão" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Itālija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italia" title="Italia — madurês" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Italia" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="madurês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%2587%25E0%25A4%259F%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A5%2580" title="इटाली — maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="इटाली" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italia" title="Italia — Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Italia" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2598%25D1%2582%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Италия — mocsa" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Италия" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="mocsa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italia" title="Italia — malgaxe" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Italia" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgaxe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2598%25D1%2582%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B9" title="Италий — Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Италий" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/It%25C4%2581ria" title="Itāria — maori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Itāria" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="maori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itali" title="Itali — minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Itali" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2598%25D1%2582%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D1%2598%25D0%25B0" title="Италија — macedónio" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Италија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedónio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B4%2587%25E0%25B4%25B1%25E0%25B5%258D%25E0%25B4%25B1%25E0%25B4%25B2%25E0%25B4%25BF" title="ഇറ്റലി — malaiala" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഇറ്റലി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malaiala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2598%25D1%2582%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8" title="Итали — mongol" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Итали" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25EA%25AF%258F%25EA%25AF%2587%25EA%25AF%25A5%25EA%25AF%2582%25EA%25AF%25A4" title="ꯏꯇꯥꯂꯤ — manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯏꯇꯥꯂꯤ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%2587%25E0%25A4%259F%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A5%2580" title="इटली — marata" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="इटली" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2598%25D1%2582%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Италия — Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Италия" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itali" title="Itali — malaio" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Itali" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italja" title="Italja — maltês" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Italja" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="maltês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eit%25C3%25A1lia" title="Eitália — mirandês" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Eitália" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="mirandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2580%25A1%25E1%2580%25AE%25E1%2580%2590%25E1%2580%259C%25E1%2580%25AE%25E1%2580%2594%25E1%2580%25AD%25E1%2580%25AF%25E1%2580%2584%25E1%2580%25BA%25E1%2580%2584%25E1%2580%25B6" title="အီတလီနိုင်ငံ — birmanês" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အီတလီနိုင်ငံ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmanês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2598%25D1%2582%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F_%25D0%259C%25D0%25B0%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25BE%25D1%2580" title="Италия Мастор — erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Италия Мастор" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A7%25DB%258C%25D8%25AA%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25DB%258C%25D8%25A7" title="ایتالیا — mazandarani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="ایتالیا" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazandarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italia" title="Italia — napolitano" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Italia" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="napolitano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italien" title="Italien — baixo-alemão" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Italien" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="baixo-alemão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itali%25C3%25ABn" title="Italiën — baixo-saxão" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Italiën" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="baixo-saxão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%2587%25E0%25A4%259F%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A5%2580" title="इटाली — nepalês" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="इटाली" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%2587%25E0%25A4%259F%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A5%2580" title="इटाली — newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="इटाली" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nia mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://nia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italia" title="Italia — nias" lang="nia" hreflang="nia" data-title="Italia" data-language-autonym="Li Niha" data-language-local-name="nias" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Li Niha</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itali%25C3%25AB" title="Italië — neerlandês" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Italië" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italia" title="Italia — norueguês nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Italia" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norueguês nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italia" title="Italia — norueguês bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Italia" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norueguês bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italia" title="Italia — Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Italia" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nqo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://nqo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DF%258C%25DF%2595%25DF%258A%25DF%259F%25DF%258C%25DF%25AB" title="ߌߕߊߟߌ߫ — n’ko" lang="nqo" hreflang="nqo" data-title="ߌߕߊߟߌ߫" data-language-autonym="ߒߞߏ" data-language-local-name="n’ko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ߒߞߏ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italie" title="Italie — Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Italie" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italia" title="Italia — soto setentrional" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Italia" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="soto setentrional" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doohats%25CA%25BC%25C3%25AD%25C3%25AD_Y%25C3%25A1ti%25CA%25BC_Dine%25CA%25BC%25C3%25A9_Bik%25C3%25A9yah" title="Doohatsʼíí Yátiʼ Dineʼé Bikéyah — navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Doohatsʼíí Yátiʼ Dineʼé Bikéyah" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italia" title="Italia — nianja" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="Italia" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="nianja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chi-Chewa</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artigo destacado"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/It%25C3%25A0lia" title="Itàlia — occitano" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Itàlia" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itualii" title="Itualii — Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Itualii" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xaaliyaanii" title="Xaaliyaanii — oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Xaaliyaanii" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25AC%2587%25E0%25AC%259F%25E0%25AC%25BE%25E0%25AC%25B2%25E0%25AD%2580" title="ଇଟାଲୀ — oriá" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଇଟାଲୀ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="oriá" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2598%25D1%2582%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8" title="Итали — ossético" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Итали" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ossético" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A8%2587%25E0%25A8%259F%25E0%25A8%25B2%25E0%25A9%2580" title="ਇਟਲੀ — panjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਇਟਲੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="panjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italia" title="Italia — língua pangasinesa" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Italia" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="língua pangasinesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangasinan</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italya" title="Italya — pampango" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Italya" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="pampango" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italia" title="Italia — papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Italia" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italie" title="Italie — Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Italie" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idali" title="Idali — Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Idali" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italien" title="Italien — Palatine German" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" data-title="Italien" data-language-autonym="Pälzisch" data-language-local-name="Palatine German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pälzisch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%2587%25E0%25A4%259F%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A5%2580" title="इटली — páli" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="इटली" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="páli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italii" title="Italii — Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Italii" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%25C5%2582ochy" title="Włochy — polaco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Włochy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italia" title="Italia — Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Italia" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A7%25D9%25B9%25D9%2584%25DB%258C" title="اٹلی — Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="اٹلی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://pnt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25CE%2599%25CF%2584%25CE%25B1%25CE%25BB%25CE%25AF%25CE%25B1" title="Ιταλία — Pontic" lang="pnt" hreflang="pnt" data-title="Ιταλία" data-language-autonym="Ποντιακά" data-language-local-name="Pontic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ποντιακά</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A7%25DB%2590%25D9%25BC%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%258A%25D8%25A7" title="اېټاليا — pastó" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="اېټاليا" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pastó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italya" title="Italya — quíchua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Italya" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quíchua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italia" title="Italia — romanche" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Italia" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="romanche" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italiya" title="Italiya — Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Italiya" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Romani čhib</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://rn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubutariyano" title="Ubutariyano — rundi" lang="rn" hreflang="rn" data-title="Ubutariyano" data-language-autonym="Ikirundi" data-language-local-name="rundi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikirundi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artigo bom"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italia" title="Italia — romeno" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Italia" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italia" title="Italia — aromeno" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Italia" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="aromeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itaglie" title="Itaglie — Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Itaglie" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2598%25D1%2582%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Италия — russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Италия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2586%25D1%2582%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D1%2596%25D1%258F" title="Італія — Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Італія" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubutaliyani" title="Ubutaliyani — quiniaruanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Ubutaliyani" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="quiniaruanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%2587%25E0%25A4%259F%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A5%2580" title="इटली — sânscrito" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="इटली" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sânscrito" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2598%25D1%2582%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Италия — sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Италия" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%25B1%25A4%25E1%25B1%25B4%25E1%25B1%259F%25E1%25B1%259E%25E1%25B1%25A4" title="ᱤᱴᱟᱞᱤ — santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱤᱴᱟᱞᱤ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/It%25C3%25A0lia" title="Itàlia — sardo" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Itàlia" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italia" title="Italia — siciliano" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Italia" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siciliano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italy" title="Italy — scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Italy" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A7%25D9%25BD%25D9%2584%25D9%258A" title="اٽلي — sindi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="اٽلي" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/It%25C3%25A1lia" title="Itália — sami do norte" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Itália" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="sami do norte" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://sg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ital%25C3%25AFi" title="Italïi — sango" lang="sg" hreflang="sg" data-title="Italïi" data-language-autonym="Sängö" data-language-local-name="sango" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sängö</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italija" title="Italija — servo-croata" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Italija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="servo-croata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%25B9%25AC%25E1%25B9%25ADalyan" title="Ṭṭalyan — tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Ṭṭalyan" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2580%2599%25E1%2580%25AD%25E1%2580%25B0%25E1%2580%2584%25E1%2580%25BA%25E1%2580%25B8%25E1%2580%25A2%25E1%2580%25AE%25E1%2582%2587%25E1%2580%2590%25E1%2582%2583%25E1%2582%2587%25E1%2580%259C%25E1%2580%25AE%25E1%2582%2587" title="မိူင်းဢီႇတႃႇလီႇ — shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="မိူင်းဢီႇတႃႇလီႇ" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B6%2589%25E0%25B6%25AD%25E0%25B7%258F%25E0%25B6%25BD%25E0%25B7%2592%25E0%25B6%25BA" title="ඉතාලිය — cingalês" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ඉතාලිය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="cingalês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italy" title="Italy — Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Italy" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taliansko" title="Taliansko — eslovaco" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Taliansko" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A7%25D9%25B9%25D9%2584%25DB%258C" title="اٹلی — Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="اٹلی" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artigo destacado"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italija" title="Italija — esloveno" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Italija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="esloveno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italia" title="Italia — samoano" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Italia" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="samoano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italia" title="Italia — inari sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Italia" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="inari sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itari" title="Itari — shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Itari" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talyaaniga" title="Talyaaniga — somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Talyaaniga" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italia" title="Italia — albanês" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Italia" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2598%25D1%2582%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D1%2598%25D0%25B0" title="Италија — sérvio" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Италија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="sérvio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italiyanikondre" title="Italiyanikondre — surinamês" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Italiyanikondre" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="surinamês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sranantongo</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/INtaliyane" title="INtaliyane — suázi" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="INtaliyane" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="suázi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>SiSwati</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ithali" title="Ithali — sesoto" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Ithali" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="sesoto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italien" title="Italien — Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Italien" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italia" title="Italia — sundanês" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Italia" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italien" title="Italien — sueco" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Italien" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="sueco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italia" title="Italia — suaíli" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Italia" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="suaíli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italijo" title="Italijo — Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Italijo" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italy" title="Italy — Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Italy" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25AE%2587%25E0%25AE%25A4%25E0%25AF%258D%25E0%25AE%25A4%25E0%25AE%25BE%25E0%25AE%25B2%25E0%25AE%25BF" title="இத்தாலி — tâmil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இத்தாலி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tâmil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italy" title="Italy — Tayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="Italy" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Tayal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tayal</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B2%2587%25E0%25B2%259F%25E0%25B2%25B2%25E0%25B2%25BF" title="ಇಟಲಿ — Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಇಟಲಿ" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B0%2587%25E0%25B0%259F%25E0%25B0%25B2%25E0%25B1%2580" title="ఇటలీ — telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఇటలీ" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/It%25C3%25A1lia" title="Itália — tétum" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Itália" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="tétum" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2598%25D1%2582%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D1%2591" title="Итолиё — tajique" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Итолиё" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tajique" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B8%259B%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B8%25B0%25E0%25B9%2580%25E0%25B8%2597%25E0%25B8%25A8%25E0%25B8%25AD%25E0%25B8%25B4%25E0%25B8%2595%25E0%25B8%25B2%25E0%25B8%25A5%25E0%25B8%25B5" title="ประเทศอิตาลี — tailandês" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ประเทศอิตาลี" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tailandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ti mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ti.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%258A%25A2%25E1%258C%25A3%25E1%2588%258D%25E1%258B%25AB" title="ኢጣልያ — tigrínia" lang="ti" hreflang="ti" data-title="ኢጣልያ" data-language-autonym="ትግርኛ" data-language-local-name="tigrínia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ትግርኛ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itali%25C3%25BDa" title="Italiýa — turcomano" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Italiýa" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turcomano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italya" title="Italya — tagalo" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Italya" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italij%25C9%2599" title="Italijə — Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Italijə" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://tn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italia" title="Italia — tswana" lang="tn" hreflang="tn" data-title="Italia" data-language-autonym="Setswana" data-language-local-name="tswana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Setswana</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25CA%25BB%25C4%25AAtali" title="ʻĪtali — tonga" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="ʻĪtali" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="tonga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lea faka-Tonga</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itali" title="Itali — tok pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Itali" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="tok pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C4%25B0talya" title="İtalya — turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İtalya" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italy" title="Italy — taroko" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Italy" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="taroko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seediq</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ithali" title="Ithali — tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Ithali" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2598%25D1%2582%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Италия — tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Италия" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italy" title="Italy — tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Italy" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italy" title="Italy — twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Italy" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="twi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ty mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E2%2580%2599It%25C4%2581ria" title="’Itāria — taitiano" lang="ty" hreflang="ty" data-title="’Itāria" data-language-autonym="Reo tahiti" data-language-local-name="taitiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Reo tahiti</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2598%25D1%2582%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Италия — tuviniano" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Италия" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="tuviniano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2598%25D1%2582%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F" title="Италия — udmurte" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Италия" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="udmurte" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A6%25D9%2589%25D8%25AA%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%2589%25D9%258A%25DB%2595" title="ئىتالىيە — uigur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ئىتالىيە" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="uigur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2586%25D1%2582%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D1%2596%25D1%258F" title="Італія — ucraniano" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Італія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraniano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B7%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25DB%258C%25DB%2581" title="اطالیہ — urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="اطالیہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italiya" title="Italiya — usbeque" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Italiya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="usbeque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ve mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://ve.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italy" title="Italy — venda" lang="ve" hreflang="ve" data-title="Italy" data-language-autonym="Tshivenda" data-language-local-name="venda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tshivenda</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artigo destacado, artigo bom"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/It%25C3%25A0%25C5%2582ia" title="Itàłia — Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Itàłia" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italii" title="Italii — Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Italii" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C3%259D" title="Ý — vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Ý" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itoali%25C3%25AB" title="Itoalië — West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Itoalië" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litaliy%25C3%25A4n" title="Litaliyän — volapuque" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Litaliyän" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapuque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/It%25C3%25A5leye" title="Itåleye — valão" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Itåleye" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="valão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italya" title="Italya — waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Italya" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itaali" title="Itaali — uólofe" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Itaali" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="uólofe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E6%2584%258F%25E5%25A4%25A7%25E5%2588%25A9" title="意大利 — wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="意大利" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2598%25D1%2582%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D0%25BC%25D1%2583%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BD_%25D0%259E%25D1%2580%25D0%25BD" title="Италмудин Орн — kalmyk" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Италмудин Орн" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="kalmyk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/IItaly" title="IItaly — xosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="IItaly" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="xosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%25A2%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%259A%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%2590" title="იტალია — Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="იტალია" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%2590%25D7%2599%25D7%2598%25D7%2590%25D7%259C%25D7%2599%25D7%25A2" title="איטאליע — iídiche" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="איטאליע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="iídiche" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/It%25C3%25A1l%25C3%25AD%25C3%25A0" title="Itálíà — ioruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Itálíà" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="ioruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eiqdaihleih" title="Eiqdaihleih — zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Eiqdaihleih" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/It%25C3%25A2li%25C3%25AB" title="Itâlië — Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Itâlië" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E2%25B5%259F%25E2%25B4%25B0%25E2%25B5%258D%25E2%25B5%25A2%25E2%25B4%25B0%25E2%25B5%258F" title="ⵟⴰⵍⵢⴰⵏ — tamazight marroquino padrão" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵟⴰⵍⵢⴰⵏ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="tamazight marroquino padrão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E6%2584%258F%25E5%25A4%25A7%25E5%2588%25A9" title="意大利 — chinês" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="意大利" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E7%25BE%25A9%25E5%25A4%25A7%25E5%2588%25A9" title="義大利 — Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="義大利" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C3%258D-t%25C4%2581i-l%25C4%25AB" title="Í-tāi-lī — min nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Í-tāi-lī" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="min nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E6%2584%258F%25E5%25A4%25A7%25E5%2588%25A9" title="意大利 — cantonês" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="意大利" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/ITaliya" title="ITaliya — zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="ITaliya" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"> <img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-fr.svg" alt="Wikipédia" width="119" height="18" style="width: 7.4375em; height: 1.125em;"> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod">Esta página foi editada pela última vez às 18h25min de 25 de setembro de 2024.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Conteúdo disponibilizado nos termos da <a class="external" rel="nofollow" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.pt">CC BY-SA 4.0</a>, salvo indicação em contrário.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places" class="footer-places hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy/pt-br">Política de privacidade</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Sobre?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Sobre a Wikipédia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="https://pt-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Aviso_geral?_x_tr_sl=auto&amp;_x_tr_tl=en&amp;_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Avisos gerais</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Código de conduta</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://developer.wikimedia.org">Programadores</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://stats.wikimedia.org/%23/pt.wikipedia.org">Estatísticas</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Declaração sobre ''cookies''</a></li> <li id="footer-places-terms-use"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://foundation.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use/pt-br">Condições de utilização</a></li> <li id="footer-places-desktop-toggle"><a id="mw-mf-display-toggle" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&amp;tl=en&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;u=https://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DIt%25C3%25A1lia%26mobileaction%3Dtoggle_view_desktop" data-event-name="switch_to_desktop">Versão desktop</a></li> </ul> </div> </footer> </div> </div> <div class="mw-notification-area" data-mw="interface"></div><!-- v:8.3.1 --> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-697b7966c5-lx9bp","wgBackendResponseTime":364,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"3.616","walltime":"4.099","ppvisitednodes":{"value":33688,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":1014788,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":58726,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":25,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":76,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":393190,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":34,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 3224.139 1 -total"," 32.12% 1035.743 1 Predefinição:Referências"," 31.71% 1022.238 11 Predefinição:Navbox"," 29.40% 947.864 1 Predefinição:Bloco_de_navegação"," 26.50% 854.387 1 Predefinição:Controle_de_autoridade"," 18.43% 594.223 201 Predefinição:Citar_web"," 9.66% 311.457 1 Predefinição:Info/País/Itália"," 9.57% 308.701 1 Predefinição:Info/País"," 8.19% 264.154 1 Predefinição:Coord"," 7.80% 251.425 1 Predefinição:Info"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"1.892","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":24885377,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-profile":[["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getEntity","640","33.0"],["recursiveClone \u003CmwInit.lua:45\u003E","320","16.5"],["?","260","13.4"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::match","140","7.2"],["type","80","4.1"],["(for generator)","60","3.1"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","60","3.1"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::addStatementUsage","40","2.1"],["init \u003CMódulo:Citação/CS1/Utilidades\u003E","40","2.1"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::addTitleOrSiteLinksUsage","40","2.1"],["[others]","260","13.4"]]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-int.codfw.main-696bf4c96-gt54t","timestamp":"20241126144640","ttl":378811,"transientcontent":true}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"It\u00e1lia","url":"https:\/\/pt.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/It%C3%A1lia","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q38","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q38","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contribuidores dos projetos da Wikimedia"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Wikimedia, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2003-05-12T09:32:09Z","dateModified":"2024-09-25T18:25:06Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/0\/03\/Flag_of_Italy.svg","headline":"pa\u00eds na Europa"}</script> <script>(window.NORLQ=window.NORLQ||[]).push(function(){var ns,i,p,img;ns=document.getElementsByTagName('noscript');for(i=0;i<ns.length;i++){p=ns[i].nextSibling;if(p&&p.className&&p.className.indexOf('lazy-image-placeholder')>-1){img=document.createElement('img');img.setAttribute('src',p.getAttribute('data-src'));img.setAttribute('width',p.getAttribute('data-width'));img.setAttribute('height',p.getAttribute('data-height'));img.setAttribute('alt',p.getAttribute('data-alt'));p.parentNode.replaceChild(img,p);}}});</script> <script>function gtElInit() {var lib = new google.translate.TranslateService();lib.translatePage('pt', 'en', function () {});}</script> <script src="https://translate.google.com/translate_a/element.js?cb=gtElInit&amp;hl=en-GB&amp;client=wt" type="text/javascript"></script> </body> </html>

Pages: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10