CINXE.COM
Just a moment...
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9134f735fe288229',cH: '.KeoYTDRhhYYrhFWNgMGc3jJodho0ry7vfid1f5_Kow-1739786796-1.2.1.1-pogxeEkQVE6_8WPxzNm5N8342YXtZGX_MiX1IXhX4GzCJMcbmeY2VuHAMgrZVMnv',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=features%20of%20structural&page=261&__cf_chl_tk=Zs7U3pR3_QNdSLLfDYsUmgFA7CNWOWBNfVAHr6_sTI8-1739786796-1.0.1.1-kb_J_eSNoAaDErwXTcTmQJUw275OVG6yZTM.9slmST8",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739786796',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=features%20of%20structural&page=261&__cf_chl_f_tk=Zs7U3pR3_QNdSLLfDYsUmgFA7CNWOWBNfVAHr6_sTI8-1739786796-1.0.1.1-kb_J_eSNoAaDErwXTcTmQJUw275OVG6yZTM.9slmST8",md: "hDj0Vv3hV336VJpkd9OnDhqxoqmwK0apGAGzkAQ4I4E-1739786796-1.2.1.1-340wzMspU5.W9qOwI6ntSeDbafl8U1kibKmxHe09VGTrZKcF7Wr1mA7cXMjzHTr6AkweQV1H4KaD82xUCFwy8wbwPvTSO5wNPJGtrbLmm1gX1SCExSqyMfioXR.nFB4NtkWg5LTW0AKdP3jCKXNvm48XY223A4ea_WUDRuGaTmiIQPN5FDhBxHPk97ifJJ6E.Y8AnHNzkwSWgKNW8vE6Qw2KWSEEtHcN4SJ75SkLMQFeExSSz_gMLwNmtjLDsYvGnh5VfXbhNeAiS1kJnwXNLbcEmglClqu_ublJAWdiVhrinQTb7v5fQNHZEeDZxoSsn0f6UX2z_NfER_rip_Q8NYybr54g9eCfZ7TnJ2RqV4sGrXJRgXByWyh_7dq7mZUhqkgtsUILuxggv.KB8Qjt6YBc_l5wyHrKwsdpL3LFs3GUH1T_WBWCyQ0Duov4gYaYsNmzW2eZ5HvfwLUtyze.M.IPbJOjD4gUez_o5.BvPHpKsCMmKF2Wll0199sgAaJX73ZstWSemsIWTXdRJKcB9FXpqrLtvCMy2SoayYYXI2dGd9MfxmTefW3rcqJU0B8bdd.Yo177l8.CeYZBQVuIOwcIGMmUUh_ip6mSi_NuITlr0vaJef.ajvNNsKHG2JhbkadZYqHapOVsmr3rf7NkJL6uGDTVvwELj9Ta.YWbPDxvJAoO5CZUkWIQ2KQaBoGR.3FU65xv8kt3UBOh4u4Bf5aqTSnIvu1M1DaczdHGJ3Wl_bpkMpQBkTohAVDqfLUpbiTeeNRJRFdEphPpYUopd_t1M6QuydD9xm6jReC.t08ixmWjgEWRlwtcSlWzi6gUtC.1B6k51S15rRWXQYHhZb7CkCMdqzrY8nOrPcThE1Yp12YKBa_9AzY.IalzUarrygFLauZto3TtF95vS1iHthlQTWg_ey4xsxd6xPJTnayaM16SOw_yXoK6og4pHn8WrBwaeeFPMJRoPp6KIOFlFCImcCFzWNTogjW0S__ctOrI86x6BTFoxJaGvOPvsyxA6FuQy2prmNnxr40_a3_5pcecpYgU6tR6J0X7DQDindMxIOZyugnGWaeKEPzEVw7qsCvdioIN.koo8NCznvdg5bIg7tGxpdEinOBL9KWNGB4yqbzs3GOl1i_IB_w_lT1FIY0KkWwg1HndLFjEsonllp1TWbA4u9GbLf5m.aWlr0rxrARoBL.mJT5zwt5HGm1Rd0g_GDauASHcHiLQDo6S7A4Tb2AlQrE8NOfT0vZZOmejmKdJQOtJNEQf8RpbSIy5T0IiGogGhifVfFTEy39zvk6A1Kaf3UqdNMnaxjAXnNbEkEjj2pBClElObjc5w4Cz3VznS9cahhTh0KbnM6r_OzlVJuS0grvozJfY81vNnr_19kOXBnQz7lA.c9qx34ZbPoz6X9l1Zj8VKygebObVC.g2U0_nnxBZJUIW056UGQkL5p4zeJ.AP7IHuNW_sNp2AxNPnCNE7N8Nbxybp.H.6kv3F31bowyZag55If88IONFGpdtmaid9f4DSsG9dN.qRQvG7jZtBUnNGeZQpvWIgKHGizv769kW.sFZNZcHhH5cf0sCqrTf3__JhkSAaWar0VYb_jQQ8rpcI9vftNBW5zFxfu4W7GJaI4pPj7MQ5O30MWI80pmMZWVKY0NFfVT4TBa655KuVlUVl51Iz1KS62UecbKuDEo1XQKVbLgHXAN6ZZHqc0UaHMomJ6mQUT6DKkSyiNM.hMSH3Drjm8PoWq1hNuB_LlFVD6c9BcXZvr4jDUNTUGmYgUa7xBPP_8K301TVN8Bki8pSkzxwOyz5K3q8f8XkjXJMHcPCEnKI78aAfCNJRS3Xe7IaZ55vixRFLXEjIl6qMX8OGLdxT75SOiQsnJX96pLUGyWnyuErF3piKEAcc0w238WEu7JVLSoMhGDN5khqLIicTmeWWN6raE7sV_Brn0iujeBJwXQkTrVZ9cHxFAfMxyyrtIrGiY_jQPkw0fVV0OTPmoo2k4RGEw",mdrd: "hLbMM7i.cE49S2Z4FGip_FeJi9.UBASuRUfXcG6Ywu4-1739786796-1.2.1.1-bdjjwz9MK_nEw.L4zt697aP5BxlqvZZCaxC7MlwHT3ImqV3X1Z6V9LWqooq_KbYKgrKYwW3Abu9SPZjovMZuY9nED7Ctx7WRqtmqz0rfUzVTkktVs7k4d3daVreT_Pzgji1HLNQ2M.GRiz85He0MjqIBRmjKjqed6VyQJha04EpHNqvpxlRoOYLCzsdMHYa0LeYLeRil.88XrtOn3v7gnhDZ.RwrFFYfba.wlDkaEB3xIKt4I9KuINZQW3SEfzeMV2Z87WveDTWZvKhPcc8pfquxF5tJDvuqwOReixX2S_.yPE4WDOcbp57R0PFIBK3OL5cG8JIBy8gzepHkLqkdUYfjt97ykStZ.5wL9nvyYK4556B0rgU80fojZnrEy7YBPPTq1wzFjhw39ZZ5HrEDe.fV_DK7AKNCc.XazG_os2jkLwxKMm8bYpDtLix06WRXYvL3qzaiDkHMHvtLZRApcrndzNhMsLPuS6Dtylei08pDi7VLZt6B4UIsyTGwwu8rySXjvjyKrDhgwnWZVShVfslzz.u8c0LAFb4zd4jSxR2gOfLoAqMTceNxvky8YArxU_jxxFu_rx_UaQIh_OwXivmlpC9R5OTcP930Vbx5wcYnViYZxzIHkqSt.ob5FOUC0XtV6EsWTtxw1EJZHOoKtGrR5amEl9d_Yh0NNRLiFIAyIkqANuTYxpcBsc.JjdFYWo3BJOszNdcpSiPIYRKEUxt6Vl0v78vJZ.ASOVMUTAmOBQFyqk8VQJYC3irMmwJMcMa089StrVy2A6HLERVsURpIBoF2kzm9.aI0AUwXwVUB91RjWgqEyqVBVrv2dlDzRTuetzr4N2jfB22iC_Hj8Ac7RIEiKydfI.3kun1nil9pFjWoiF9pImxubIO.Yv1GzNc_1V6Ol.NEEXUW35clwfLMQb1qZ0utgCaUCGtK7R2Nwjt_XO47TGsjd369pq0VrGnN06M9xuRcIux6oP97YKxygnPzLqciVKnCEMrRNARyYxywt4j2nF8jalhI4CG4JByHaVhbtt6kbsO7jMs6Na9n.ej4mLZVn.FzW.vR_awI6mO9y9d8iHfX2hVqpIutjgl7HPEqRp2AJgSZqUZSig3Idg_wvQ7v3W86zwkwWn6KPbJlNNqxigjI8rZOu90P6.JpV0utSgSEZhPKwByMvHvS6cKyEVzOz627mW7tezEq7Px7NU.Q63kF_wfLH.u7UvKPmydxBILMPKUM5ea3KhEhIdKKkyvjMLgR14KTtCxW_LfNvGHKBeBcJhF01apJAF6LrlvBkFb59Zxl5O6CJ9kIN0zhLWtnwzzVQsIkmGrIKk3Nfb4hArzZabYPh5fzf5DeIDcvUbh2jlg72Fo5mjKsOa6TmMIj0JKx01X1avh_yTfaYU4VHml9mOygBgoXVdr7JuhbUbyMylccLv7e5ur3A0yinSZkIFNPDnNLrpsNdcZrs9VQKl9vJsmJh4tCX0s9R0r9ls23ojwFrpiPIX.tBGnsulFrSbBNvnDWk1ocjXfbC4NN2GOWVy_daoUtBZLA32ee9eSyDZrEtD8hMS36LJt.IyP9Cb7.d8uhy4pjP3D4txN4fh4Lef9NhOpSaBUPECZnUIuX8WovwtxVEx8rxW37Oy2bAlNwFYMArPCFSXmII02w2FLnIOR8OTFwKcq_MfJgIURq3x8O189Nhcq1CI5fTduLfjkD4Vu8mLS2JAgAVzkGHIYO834ZKHgYiwMxHPsvf5RrGFBODmn2ag8Y9r5doTnCaAh3m6gP7Df7Vqkk.60tjFWa_1pl_k6WfcSKErFeP8jyYssFAXR9K0TYk0jblISiTy_x3WEi9m1Tf0HFDwq.n0OXE1J2vDCF7vD_rgxOxZcfw8Bdmxgd0pYH403sSrZmghV5dDwwq7CFKLsBjiDzilH9_ANPAmCpvUDjY9XoJZfGX.zTTcetGiLmJsqcD0kPZFpfy4ZXzB4U_jJnDqmBCCFZ3txTWaxBbjbjj5DUZD6mDbh6pghmbA"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9134f735fe288229';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=features%20of%20structural&page=261&__cf_chl_rt_tk=Zs7U3pR3_QNdSLLfDYsUmgFA7CNWOWBNfVAHr6_sTI8-1739786796-1.0.1.1-kb_J_eSNoAaDErwXTcTmQJUw275OVG6yZTM.9slmST8" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>