CINXE.COM

Just a moment...

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '91772b22be39ef72',cH: '274CLWBOx1rIaun.Kw5P0UXQx2bEEFpQynEIo1H6lQg-1740480983-1.2.1.1-QRwIcmFCB91qDELVqs7ZAenVx_UhkBJHfbTzlsVfuCHGgSAmTmgTCRr9KB6hhDRB',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=permissive%20parenting&page=7&__cf_chl_tk=KmxO7OXhZuNknakHEuuy6I9yQvCtRzpRgsm67gjnyz0-1740480983-1.0.1.1-Z.KB8KPrbrwnkBH.AOsoBCJmfxhmA6wRj91aVrIeV0s",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1740480983',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=permissive%20parenting&page=7&__cf_chl_f_tk=KmxO7OXhZuNknakHEuuy6I9yQvCtRzpRgsm67gjnyz0-1740480983-1.0.1.1-Z.KB8KPrbrwnkBH.AOsoBCJmfxhmA6wRj91aVrIeV0s",md: "yJz3GfB73v8hTLsTvsa07CzyclTR7wERJvgh7Va9.dY-1740480983-1.2.1.1-e4OkaAE.kpdZrXFKUw5R9Y59WUU_E80vmdbc.DF8Mgtt.VXcw.SS.B96tKa_uzAlPyXxx9Mz35HIjemvQ6hs_KexlJsxI19UoOr92whjiCT0_oYdL1bxYcB..2L9S2n2P5aEeyTyVaHMhAW.QxeaVgwR_Y6eOz3kopdJwvjQ84Elh5oCiQQz7z8ih0IrCykh.rpRseByx1Q2GKTof7v8anEAOUK7kp6vHL78eTSKrcRmqZ_R1tuq2yCq60BMzpEOb6KOsi_Tne9eCHvEfQKYzQVSSK26MTere89NzjiG9or_XkVE9.y5QCy.QjfuuoMBxgjosad5MAyF8GYuLnNJSfpAKGWrMvZkLTiaZcuEUb6jG4rnhrlurxfZTUMq4ytuaTqxzn9oS9jVm8dFjFjS2zvzPJ2wwEvAZJdHqifyCnTDcFposDwJz9.BlOeHXsH7a._9Ytp0sK5uKFLPTi.0Q5lljrhyvD_IKXPLARSLlG9oHdDZPXtVcUDmA5i20iFcE6rL0ufrXil.WqUvFxYFbuKW3Us2B6rsd1VnlLhi.XLkcTTU5bNhVEtNZh0ms9hfvMoH_OImCLn4BktqQNs9TWv63lgY4jv9VRqbNGwqPjZTKa5OFNbMUVbhMQRgE8VkRSSdpYycwVlscSreNRySrsvy_0wnssPnusFctHktAe9kfNi3Z8o4el1s6nWLHOwCLFfKfR1Ns2jorjnqKngegTB5FRr3qaixVgYqE1JWsQQ6VwOe12HwG0lT.yVeVHiHNnumQPzYmC4tndtEcJtnMEAN0s9mXvYxNhp9t1ck673zENelWuEDcmaDAGCcUWtrr.qhF5ynlQNkq5ylHBMzyl4xTl1G9Gqoanpc6MlC.xri.qmtBAnCiXlbuzJFUHtIOW4H028AvnvnHnzzmIW9xNqZHaijm3bC_YF7wDccQP2r78xLAWBMqmlr_QaeagExrnas_yc7HuNdO1rPEA5Nl7WRmMHJD50WTLmihC6VMQlaQcfYsso7wWMk.ryPYStpOKaxZtjH5sA58FUYjAoBBP2FFjHYhCQVSV1en3CXvRMs4Z26UBfj3btstrBGcIARJ86oGSIboK0034YPzJmUZwyojJ4D8_E3pwdnNhLAKVyq9FpzoDpPLdlMhjfXSOFpKT0kTr4TFFGDVuUXDWqbtNzVNPTTgsvUzjbibcGEPiKAScbVLBCkWi8NY_gBYBaAFOGudcVL6b7nlDX37lX7bOQTdnhnRc9tSW6MhZv8Wd1zS56_xJ51u7YWTgjWcRH_tmVQR3lr.d1uR5GCSgIAISYtdHLkHzbpVEKB4qo8qKBowkNfQ6ylVBqrMhrPXVNncpf9g.JU_BnRJpoaC3lBpU_Rwr48IByne3NLM2o6Ydy9ROdJI5ydxXoUXMK7vmFIwd2tiLf.KT80gQcChU4F7Mp4qss7rfm1JDu5qLhpVo9PNkUOx1Qt.ZDG4YjJD1GRCzhlRHJ7RgcKMMDNTVQ8WHkrQZ.RiGkMwAHxtor4wnsR_xeOaOG6XzsjLldhesIeWksW7S0qd6yuFEoQna4AFcLSioiy0CJDpu3JX71woK7fgtLLaNiARYUhQiz9gwJ7n0x1PynJy9Yhg3tDikQQub7Tfi5pD0UD6uC4ZLG7TY3hlQ6EMMzMB4xxtON40MR1KmS6cE2tAF9JylxGyWyGFpnk96T4s8XqBPmtVJetzOJ7TOObZXcHTQ3YWjzjYqzG5KWGzvPeRRpy8iSXI2Y2pfl.wsWtMQnbeKJcCVPZT0YW48l_14iLnu4bW66WTOkBW41F5oXeNVNHJnEa9Neu170bBJPgZ44.BO.4KAQSdK3SEnEpe1WgsRK7OTT5yI7V3Ik_WcFJVcTzlQJwMPrIwb1.Oj6HySBpKQY11FFzsfEC.sa2pTcJc0YSBm8m9dKtwDzS2Yx._twnUX8nLQ4pnAh.cSEHLo5aWX4PaHmaG6xmHMjEilSgswPz97Da46UxI68pCMjSiHsJZDWGqX.8Cw",mdrd: "ZtXDCwqEbBteQgMKuU._3v01ObIk7Kmtsm25mRbU6bY-1740480983-1.2.1.1-Tia8qKZXk_k1XZ.QGYcO5HCM4qcoFass4bMy9NP5EpwaDJn3KrrWbIdzg.9eK5B5fOI30aLT2Tq_l6hE0Fh1hEeOe16QdYYoILTCgBziSpM4tpNN9vqixthV2Ge.Yz7gUJFlFzwKJUcChphCs50mVuAmiN6_3JIsyQLIkqJ_y6n4LrZkMKfqZ8RHpHa.i8X.reaDmnCtEAwO49FlqHqCMrCnjAnGGAJ7wbVFSiz3_tdc2P4BcGERp5A99d4kovtLf0uBBt7SMkEqZ2KouGzJ6FPNhVKAhbByGcjvvpGdT8p0VLcogsmCkSLtFrikFuslBvUNQE5.rwzFClH3UY0J5jzbZ0Gb5SUGGAEFsng_WKJwHRGb2VMlD_JgMtvaJirH5RJR4OHRG_Fg7EuL7n8S6sgY78NuafioOkDsL9Z5O8ek1bLupqs2dQy517pCPeYL5ttvBRBnkeOAOVqBOq0IhWki6tLK3dTREY.LtbDnQoZTw_AeumENa_iPKAfgmd51Uz0auBgwRF6C0lEgof5ZNqXj8LiY0fbGak0NNSAvEH51fwDV9.uUcVqJ1ypB3AzEfN4HfDO12LnZxeQn8Ea6cHctf2.1vAw5KFNwsOWvjZMyyKqqWqsBOAUDhb2V5l19bKp9u_oxqz3WZXwT6qf8T1RqVwi9HKXzjh3Lw2HtAnFhALYxXQFSa2hetmr5L7u45dDy2w3s5khRfqcGebOuseNdOKcKAqN7CCuHHWQWpGBExZVJHzuDPrgSZDdlFIzYY41GvANpUDcCSA.5bb5FzhXHQfg6AqmAUk.BJlDCiXeYA4Nb9KYT6yZlpnHm.T61oL98rclDNF3Rm1S7l2eYCHQZ7qBYYRQhiXdVei9LzWDDA51AClP3q_KO9rybSv_jUHWSpAyQLz1MNqN5Xf9A1YdRdgFeqmggQGh_FqTuoXdm5Uno5OQF7khww9Qho85wbFL9ZXsknhQPVDr91h2WlMSCAjiyyKe40Aa97PYhf5HvieGbhMPDnO4pC_adSs6IoUHZzFrg.iCvLhvfuYBeopURf6RhCK72ekwEW820.9wrZxUhC0AX1RWHRx9B7djr32vXtvLuh7CQYqos9j6d0YPOHo3FWL7JKtZML4Dj7p6qxWGo6likJrb8dRW7VLQFmULVfsQtGKHabd4VezV1_XpNgb5jkXAaYkmpdVMJ73jpowup0_ecAWzJH.O7VMLUhgFSFxBBabmSZAMXWlDH6de7Gfe22ezsxVF94zeC1H.rBh9.IkyHRa4uVysZG_EZ33jGBsszQzzeO64Q8r2ct3ycEmV6Fyp2YL.8hIp1dA0fIKqeYkwaFk5NtFG1.B28evMOEACBD6AVnkBJkw3H0pOgOFrpOy5GuL6W08mdxUvJ44Zq.4zGvJm3uMLAhNY2ErWr_DE8xTE6Nb1165amQlqc3LLo9jeEoycaarZL1C.vXqH432LRCXQhxkZ1nAj3jyjJGKXytq_KPgXTaGuS89mIs3UcsaQ.SiJGs1tua5a4hXDxJw2NHTCgXLwON0huk.1lOl4_V90.D8hakHskVskNzdnYR3pQbfn1vclnuHd6x0BnjhzdwC.bYA_ce.4bvw86S_4duDHu6fQ.FFuNhK9G4GMqKOWhMBqzuiF7z5X_5xh8VRpByu7YUvS5ftEbPJq7295o9CGhVOQkHfeGktjZJdzCZVsQqDn9g5sdAE0.YMGk3N0trwCak_1Ip1Lei3qPxQCjDcQBqxTOzWkSVUrFXnAOGfJfcNPoIZwqDxrhRWzaOgAR5dFFvtmUkTStMnMmohKRLugv2_wefksFYDQYZKWMrxZ06dtPNARck7usb3mTf34YEp4..ZlZbVW03V7V9CBrgsQ2XVlBTQ_YeLpXNUrYSCPO1k88tW2q8Rc101EaIzkQcQ3XMy.NUmFGEVSg1IlBicv0LD5WCM88N8I75V78tcyC6b9D1ELC3YmSQa2wPzWhbMMaRKyaeqga5oxVcOlmwBe0YrGyIhl2NI9BZe7rVAoJWpYl2ITRp5Q"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=91772b22be39ef72';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=permissive%20parenting&page=7&__cf_chl_rt_tk=KmxO7OXhZuNknakHEuuy6I9yQvCtRzpRgsm67gjnyz0-1740480983-1.0.1.1-Z.KB8KPrbrwnkBH.AOsoBCJmfxhmA6wRj91aVrIeV0s" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>