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Available in 15 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-15" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">15 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Меранія – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Меранія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%86%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Херцогство Мерания – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Херцогство Мерания" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ducat_de_Mer%C3%A0nia" title="Ducat de Merània – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ducat de Merània" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pomo%C5%99sko" title="Pomořsko – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Pomořsko" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herzogtum_Meranien" title="Herzogtum Meranien – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Herzogtum Meranien" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ducado_de_Merania" title="Ducado de Merania – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ducado de Merania" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%DA%A9%E2%80%8C%D9%86%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="دوک‌نشین مرانیا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دوک‌نشین مرانیا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duch%C3%A9_de_M%C3%A9ranie" title="Duché de Méranie – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Duché de Méranie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merania" title="Merania – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Merania" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mer%C3%A1nia" title="Meránia – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Meránia" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hertogdom_Merani%C3%AB" title="Hertogdom Meranië – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Hertogdom Meranië" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merania" title="Merania – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Merania" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ducatul_de_Merania" title="Ducatul de Merania – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ducatul de Merania" data-language-autonym="Română" 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Andechsove.jpg/220px-Andechsove.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Andechsove.jpg/330px-Andechsove.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Andechsove.jpg/440px-Andechsove.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3149" data-file-height="1919" /></a><figcaption>The family of Duke Berthold, from the <a href="/wiki/Hedwig_Codex" title="Hedwig Codex">Hedwig Codex</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Duchy of Merania</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was a fiefdom of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a> from 1152 until 1248. The dukes of Merania were recognised as <a href="/wiki/Princes_of_the_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Princes of the Empire">princes of the Empire</a> enjoying <a href="/wiki/Imperial_immediacy" title="Imperial immediacy">imperial immediacy</a> at a time when these concepts were just coming into use to distinguish the highest ranks of imperial nobility.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilson2016360–61_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilson2016360–61-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The name "Merania" ("sea-land") comes from either the <a href="/wiki/High_German" class="mw-redirect" title="High German">High German</a> word for sea, <i>meer</i><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKobler189647–49_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKobler189647–49-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or the <a href="/wiki/Slavic_languages" title="Slavic languages">Slavic</a> word for the same, <i>morje</i> (both cognate with <a href="/wiki/Middle_Latin" class="mw-redirect" title="Middle Latin">Latin</a> <i>mare</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReindel1981340–41_and_n._118_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReindel1981340–41_and_n._118-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The name literally means "land by the sea" (<i>am Meer</i>), referring to its location on the <a href="/wiki/Adriatic_Sea" title="Adriatic Sea">Adriatic</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKobler189647–48_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKobler189647–48-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Territory">Territory</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duchy_of_Merania&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Territory"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The exact territorial extent of Merania is unknown. It probably included the town of <a href="/wiki/Rijeka" title="Rijeka">Fiume (Rijeka)</a> and the coast of the <a href="/wiki/Kvarner_Gulf" title="Kvarner Gulf">Kvarner Gulf</a>, either on the <a href="/wiki/Istrian_peninsula" class="mw-redirect" title="Istrian peninsula">Istrian peninsula</a> or across from it.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEŠtular200923_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEŠtular200923-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArnold199198_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArnold199198-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELyon2013xv_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELyon2013xv-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The author of the <i><a href="/wiki/Historia_de_expeditione_Friderici_imperatoris" class="mw-redirect" title="Historia de expeditione Friderici imperatoris">Historia de expeditione Friderici imperatoris</a></i>, an account of <a href="/wiki/Third_Crusade" title="Third Crusade">Barbarossa's crusade of 1190</a>, writing around 1200, refers to "the Duke of Dalmatia, also called Croatia or Merania", specifying (imprecisely) that the duchy neighboured <a href="/wiki/Zahumlje" class="mw-redirect" title="Zahumlje">Zahumlje</a> and <a href="/wiki/Grand_Principality_of_Serbia" title="Grand Principality of Serbia">Raška</a>. The actual duchy contained at most only a small part of the region of <a href="/wiki/Dalmatia" title="Dalmatia">Dalmatia</a>, which had historically belonged to <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Croatia_(925%E2%80%931102)" title="Kingdom of Croatia (925–1102)">Croatia</a>. By the twelfth century, <a href="/wiki/Croatia_in_the_union_with_Hungary" class="mw-redirect" title="Croatia in the union with Hungary">Croatia was in a personal union with Hungary</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELoud201062_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELoud201062-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This territory came under imperial control during the reign of <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Henry_IV" class="mw-redirect" title="Emperor Henry IV">Henry IV</a>. According to the fourteenth-century <i><a href="/wiki/Chronicon_pictum_Vindobonense" class="mw-redirect" title="Chronicon pictum Vindobonense">Chronicon pictum Vindobonense</a></i> (Viennese Illustrated Chronicle), the "march of Dalmatia" (<i>marchia Dalmacie</i>) was occupied by the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Carinthia" title="Duchy of Carinthia">Carinthians</a> between 1064 and 1068 during the reign of <a href="/wiki/Dmitar_Zvonimir" class="mw-redirect" title="Dmitar Zvonimir">Dmitar Zvonimir</a>, who in fact was not king of Croatia until 1075. Despite this inconsistency in the chronicle, several modern historians, led by Ljudmil Hauptmann, have connected this Dalmatian borderland with the later duchy of Merania.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKlaić1965272–74_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKlaić1965272–74-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKöbler2007425_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKöbler2007425-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the historians Miho Barada and Lujo Margetić, it was the accession of the young King <a href="/wiki/Stephen_II_of_Hungary" title="Stephen II of Hungary">Stephen II of Hungary</a> in 1116 that provided an opportunity for the Emperor <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Henry_V" class="mw-redirect" title="Emperor Henry V">Henry V</a> to annex the entire eastern coast of Istria and the coast opposite as far as the river <a href="/wiki/Rje%C4%8Dina" title="Rječina">Rječina</a>, including the city of Fiume. This territory, conquered for the emperor by the lords of <a href="/wiki/Duino" title="Duino">Duino (Devin)</a>, became known as Merania.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKraljic1989160_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKraljic1989160-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is not clear to what extent the Meranian dukes of the Dachau or Andechs lines ever managed to exert their control over the region.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKöbler2007425_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKöbler2007425-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are other theories proposing a different etymology of "Merania". Erwin Herrmann argues that the name cannot have actually been in use as the name of a region, since it is unknown save as the name of the duchy that existed between 1152 and 1248. He argues that it is probably formed from the name of the seat of the lordship, which he identifies with the town of <a href="/wiki/Marano_Lagunare" title="Marano Lagunare">Marano Lagunare</a>. The region he identifies as that between the rivers <a href="/wiki/Tagliamento" title="Tagliamento">Tagliamento</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Corno_(Friuli)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Corno (Friuli) (page does not exist)">Corno</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHerrmann197510–14_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHerrmann197510–14-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In older literature, Merania is sometimes mistakenly identified with <a href="/wiki/Meran" class="mw-redirect" title="Meran">Meran</a>, a town in the <a href="/wiki/County_of_Tyrol" title="County of Tyrol">Tyrol</a>, because the Andechser dukes held land in the Tyrol.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaillie-Grohman190773_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaillie-Grohman190773-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=August_Dimitz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="August Dimitz (page does not exist)">August Dimitz</a>, while correcting the Tyrolean error, equates Merania with the <a href="/wiki/March_of_Istria" title="March of Istria">march of Istria</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDimitz2013109_n._4_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDimitz2013109_n._4-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="House_of_Dachau_(1152–1180)"><span id="House_of_Dachau_.281152.E2.80.931180.29"></span>House of Dachau (1152–1180)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duchy_of_Merania&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: House of Dachau (1152–1180)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The duchy of Merania was created for the <a href="/wiki/Wittelsbach" class="mw-redirect" title="Wittelsbach">Wittelsbach</a> Count <a href="/wiki/Conrad_II_of_Dachau" class="mw-redirect" title="Conrad II of Dachau">Conrad II of Dachau</a> by the Emperor <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Barbarossa" title="Frederick Barbarossa">Frederick Barbarossa</a> during an <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Diet_(Holy_Roman_Empire)" title="Imperial Diet (Holy Roman Empire)">Imperial Diet</a> at <a href="/wiki/Regensburg" title="Regensburg">Regensburg</a> in June 1152 by separating some lordships from the marches of <a href="/wiki/March_of_Carniola" title="March of Carniola">Carniola</a> and <a href="/wiki/March_of_Istria" title="March of Istria">Istria</a>, which were under the jurisdiction of the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Bavaria" title="Duchy of Bavaria">Duchy of Bavaria</a>. Merania thus bordered the Kingdom of Croatia, which belonged to <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary" title="Kingdom of Hungary">Hungary</a>. This was done despite the fact that the Diet had refused to approve Frederick's proposed invasion of Hungary. Rather than an attempt to circumvent the diet in his designs on Hungary, it can be seen as part of a more general policy, pre-dating Frederick's reign, of elevating noblemen of the rank of count to that of duke as a counterweight to the powerful hereditary dukes of the so-called <a href="/wiki/Stem_duchies" class="mw-redirect" title="Stem duchies">stem duchies</a> (like Bavaria). It was also part of a reorganisation of the southeastern frontier that included the creation of the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Austria" title="Duchy of Austria">Duchy of Austria</a> in 1156.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReindel1981340–41_and_n._118_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReindel1981340–41_and_n._118-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilson2016358_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilson2016358-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The historian Wilhelm Wegener has proposed that Merania was created out of lands claimed by Conrad through his mother, Willibirg, daughter of Udalschalk, count of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lurngau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lurngau (page does not exist)">Lurngau</a>, and Adelaide, daughter of Margrave <a href="/wiki/Ulric_I,_Margrave_of_Carniola" title="Ulric I, Margrave of Carniola">Ulrich I of Carniola</a>. He proposed that Willibirg was heir to Adelaide, who was heir to her brother <a href="/wiki/Ulric_II,_Margrave_of_Carniola" title="Ulric II, Margrave of Carniola">Ulrich II</a> (died 1112). Thus, the creation of Conrad's duchies was a partial vindication of his claims on Carniola and had a hereditary basis. This theory had not found wide acceptance, since several duchies were created in Germany in the twelfth century with no clearly hereditary basis.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKomac2003286_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKomac2003286-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>These new ducal titles created in the twelfth century were often based on insignificant or diminished territories. Merania was small, with little in the way of rights or income for its holder.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELyon2013161_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELyon2013161-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ducal title that technically pertained only to the newly acquired territory was thus also often used in conjunction with the dynastic seat, and Conrad was thus sometimes known as the Duke of Dachau.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArnold199199_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArnold199199-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bishop <a href="/wiki/Otto_I_of_Freising" class="mw-redirect" title="Otto I of Freising">Otto I of Freising</a>, in his history of Barbarossa's reign, calls Conrad the Duke of Croatia and Dalmatia, an impressive if imprecise title that alluded to the origin of the lands in question as part of Croatia.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOttoRahewin1966I.xxvi_(p._60)_and_IV.xvii_(p._252)_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOttoRahewin1966I.xxvi_(p._60)_and_IV.xvii_(p._252)-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It has been argued that since neither Duke Conrad I nor his son, <a href="/wiki/Conrad_III_of_Dachau" class="mw-redirect" title="Conrad III of Dachau">Conrad II</a>, is ever recorded as having visited the region around the Istrian peninsula or the Kvarner Gulf, it is more likely that their title referred to unspecified lands around the southeastern frontier but not actually under imperial control. On this theory, Merania was at first a purely titular dignity for the Dachauers that only became a territorial reality under the Andechsers, who created it out of lands they held in the far southeast.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpindlerKraus198814–15_and_n._9_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESpindlerKraus198814–15_and_n._9-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="House_of_Andechs_(1180–1248)"><span id="House_of_Andechs_.281180.E2.80.931248.29"></span>House of Andechs (1180–1248)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duchy_of_Merania&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: House of Andechs (1180–1248)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1180, Frederick Barbarossa transferred Merania to <a href="/wiki/Berthold,_Duke_of_Merania" title="Berthold, Duke of Merania">Berthold</a>, the son of the <a href="/wiki/Count_of_Andechs" class="mw-redirect" title="Count of Andechs">count of Andechs</a>. This was probably done in order to maintain a balance of power and rank between the House of Andechs and the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Wittelsbach" title="House of Wittelsbach">House of Wittelsbach</a>, which had received the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Bavaria" title="Duchy of Bavaria">Duchy of Bavaria</a> earlier that year.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELyon2013115_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELyon2013115-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although some sources ascribe the transfer of Merania to Conrad's death and propose that Berthold was his heir through his mother, in fact Conrad II did not die until 1182. The transfer of 1180 was part of a reorganization of the southeastern frontier by the emperor.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKomac2003286_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKomac2003286-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Berthold inherited the marches of Istria and Carniola from his father in 1188. Although the Andechsers' primary lands lay elsewhere in the Empire, their southeastern connection involved them in its foreign affairs. When Barbarossa passed through the Balkans on his crusade in 1189, he negotiated the marriage of one of Berthold's daughters to <a href="/wiki/Toljen_of_Hum" title="Toljen of Hum">Toljen</a>, the eldest son of Prince <a href="/wiki/Miroslav_of_Hum" title="Miroslav of Hum">Miroslav of Zahumlje</a>, a younger brother of Grand Prince <a href="/wiki/Stefan_Nemanja" title="Stefan Nemanja">Stefan Nemanja</a> of Serbia. Although Berthold consented, the marriage probably never took place. In any case, the duke of Merania was considered a near neighbour of the Serb princes.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELoud201062_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELoud201062-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELyon2013154_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELyon2013154-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Andechsers pushed the empire's southeastern frontier further south, acquiring <a href="/wiki/Gottschee" title="Gottschee">Gottschee</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C4%8Crnomelj" title="Črnomelj">Črnomelj</a> and <a href="/wiki/Metlika" title="Metlika">Metlika</a> for Merania–Carniola at the expense of the <a href="/wiki/Kings_of_Hungary" class="mw-redirect" title="Kings of Hungary">kings of Hungary</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDimitz2013109_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDimitz2013109-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On Berthold's death in 1204 Merania went to his eldest son, <a href="/wiki/Otto_I,_Duke_of_Merania" title="Otto I, Duke of Merania">Otto I</a>, and Istria to a younger son, <a href="/wiki/Henry_II,_Margrave_of_Istria" title="Henry II, Margrave of Istria">Henry</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELyon2013161_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELyon2013161-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 1240s, the duke of Merania, <a href="/wiki/Otto_II,_Duke_of_Merania" class="mw-redirect" title="Otto II, Duke of Merania">Otto II</a>, who had numerous possessions throughout southern Germany, was involved in a dispute with the duke of Bavaria that turned into open warfare.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArnold1991109_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArnold1991109-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1248, the duchy fell vacant with the extinction of the Andechs-Meranier and was broken up, mostly going to Istria.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilson2016360–61_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilson2016360–61-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArnold1991109_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArnold1991109-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_dukes">List of dukes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duchy_of_Merania&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: List of dukes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Conrad_I,_Duke_of_Merania" title="Conrad I, Duke of Merania">Conrad I</a></b> (1152–1159), also count of Dachau (as Conrad II)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Conrad_II,_Duke_of_Merania" title="Conrad II, Duke of Merania">Conrad II</a></b> (1159–1180), also count of Dachau (as Conrad III)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Berthold,_Duke_of_Merania" title="Berthold, Duke of Merania">Berthold</a></b> (1180–1204), also count of Andechs (as Berthold IV) and margrave of Istria and Carniola (as Berthold II)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Otto_I,_Duke_of_Merania" title="Otto I, Duke of Merania">Otto I</a></b> (1204–1234), also count of Andechs (as Otto VII), margrave of Istria and Carniola (as Otto I) and count of Burgundy (as Otto II)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Otto_II,_Duke_of_Merania" class="mw-redirect" title="Otto II, Duke of Merania">Otto II</a></b> (1234–1248), also count of Andechs (as Otto VIII), margrave of Istria and Carniola (as Otto II) and count of Burgundy (as Otto III)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duchy_of_Merania&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: <i lang="la">Ducatus Meraniae</i></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Duchy_of_Merania&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>Citations</dt></dl> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilson2016360–61-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilson2016360–61_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilson2016360–61_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWilson2016">Wilson 2016</a>, pp. 360–61.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKobler189647–49-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKobler189647–49_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKobler1896">Kobler 1896</a>, pp. 47–49.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEReindel1981340–41_and_n._118-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReindel1981340–41_and_n._118_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReindel1981340–41_and_n._118_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFReindel1981">Reindel 1981</a>, pp. 340–41 and n. 118.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKobler189647–48-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKobler189647–48_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKobler1896">Kobler 1896</a>, pp. 47–48.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEŠtular200923-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEŠtular200923_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFŠtular2009">Štular 2009</a>, p. 23.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEArnold199198-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArnold199198_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFArnold1991">Arnold 1991</a>, p. 98.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELyon2013xv-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELyon2013xv_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLyon2013">Lyon 2013</a>, p. xv, has a map showing its probable location.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELoud201062-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELoud201062_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELoud201062_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLoud2010">Loud 2010</a>, p. 62.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKlaić1965272–74-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKlaić1965272–74_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKlaić1965">Klaić 1965</a>, pp. 272–74.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKöbler2007425-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKöbler2007425_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKöbler2007425_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKöbler2007">Köbler 2007</a>, p. 425.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKraljic1989160-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKraljic1989160_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKraljic1989">Kraljic 1989</a>, p. 160.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHerrmann197510–14-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHerrmann197510–14_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHerrmann1975">Herrmann 1975</a>, p. 10–14.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaillie-Grohman190773-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaillie-Grohman190773_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBaillie-Grohman1907">Baillie-Grohman 1907</a>, p. 73.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDimitz2013109_n._4-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDimitz2013109_n._4_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDimitz2013">Dimitz 2013</a>, p. 109 n. 4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWilson2016358-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWilson2016358_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWilson2016">Wilson 2016</a>, p. 358.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKomac2003286-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKomac2003286_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKomac2003286_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKomac2003">Komac 2003</a>, p. 286.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELyon2013161-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELyon2013161_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELyon2013161_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLyon2013">Lyon 2013</a>, p. 161.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEArnold199199-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArnold199199_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFArnold1991">Arnold 1991</a>, p. 99.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOttoRahewin1966I.xxvi_(p._60)_and_IV.xvii_(p._252)-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOttoRahewin1966I.xxvi_(p._60)_and_IV.xvii_(p._252)_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOttoRahewin1966">Otto & Rahewin 1966</a>, I.xxvi (p. 60) and IV.xvii (p. 252).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESpindlerKraus198814–15_and_n._9-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESpindlerKraus198814–15_and_n._9_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSpindlerKraus1988">Spindler & Kraus 1988</a>, pp. 14–15 and n. 9.</span> </li> <li 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(2010). <i>The Crusade of Frederick Barbarossa: The History of the Expedition of the Emperor Frederick and Related Texts</i>. Ashgate.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Crusade+of+Frederick+Barbarossa%3A+The+History+of+the+Expedition+of+the+Emperor+Frederick+and+Related+Texts&rft.pub=Ashgate&rft.date=2010&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADuchy+of+Merania" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLyon2004" class="citation thesis cs1">Lyon, Jonathan (2004). <i>Cooperation, Compromise and Conflict Avoidance: Family Relationships in the House of Andechs, ca. 1100–1204</i> (PhD diss.). University of Notre Dame.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=Cooperation%2C+Compromise+and+Conflict+Avoidance%3A+Family+Relationships+in+the+House+of+Andechs%2C+ca.+1100%E2%80%931204&rft.inst=University+of+Notre+Dame&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Lyon&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADuchy+of+Merania" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLyon2013" class="citation book cs1">Lyon, Jonathan (2013). <i>Princely Brothers and Sisters: The Sibling Bond in German Politics, 1100–1250</i>. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Princely+Brothers+and+Sisters%3A+The+Sibling+Bond+in+German+Politics%2C+1100%E2%80%931250&rft.place=Ithaca+and+London&rft.pub=Cornell+University+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=Lyon&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADuchy+of+Merania" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOttoRahewin1966" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Otto_of_Freising" title="Otto of Freising">Otto of Freising</a>; <a href="/wiki/Rahewin" title="Rahewin">Rahewin</a> (1966). Charles Christopher Mierow (ed.). <i>The Deeds of Frederick Barbarossa</i>. New York: W. W. Norton.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Deeds+of+Frederick+Barbarossa&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=W.+W.+Norton&rft.date=1966&rft.au=Otto+of+Freising&rft.au=Rahewin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADuchy+of+Merania" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReindel1981" class="citation book cs1">Reindel, Kurt (1981). "Bayern vom Zeitalter der Karolinger bis zum Ende der Welfenherrschaft (788–1180): Die politische Entwicklung". In Max Spindler (ed.). <i>Handbuch der bayerischen Geschichte I: Das Alte Bayern—Das Stammesherzogtum bis zum Ausgang des 12. Jahrhunderts</i>. Munich: C. H. Beck. pp. 249–351.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Bayern+vom+Zeitalter+der+Karolinger+bis+zum+Ende+der+Welfenherrschaft+%28788%E2%80%931180%29%3A+Die+politische+Entwicklung&rft.btitle=Handbuch+der+bayerischen+Geschichte+I%3A+Das+Alte+Bayern%E2%80%94Das+Stammesherzogtum+bis+zum+Ausgang+des+12.+Jahrhunderts&rft.place=Munich&rft.pages=249-351&rft.pub=C.+H.+Beck&rft.date=1981&rft.aulast=Reindel&rft.aufirst=Kurt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADuchy+of+Merania" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpindlerKraus1988" class="citation book cs1">Spindler, Max; Kraus, Andreas (1988). "Die Auseinandersetzungen mit Landesadel, Episkopat und Königtum unter den drei ersten wittelsbachischen Herzögen (1180–1253)". In Andreas Kraus (ed.). <i>Handbuch der bayerischen Geschichte II: Das Alte Bayern—Der Territorialstaat vom Ausgang des 12. Jahrhunderts bis zum Ausgang des 18. Jahrhunderts</i>. Munich: C. H. Beck.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Die+Auseinandersetzungen+mit+Landesadel%2C+Episkopat+und+K%C3%B6nigtum+unter+den+drei+ersten+wittelsbachischen+Herz%C3%B6gen+%281180%E2%80%931253%29&rft.btitle=Handbuch+der+bayerischen+Geschichte+II%3A+Das+Alte+Bayern%E2%80%94Der+Territorialstaat+vom+Ausgang+des+12.+Jahrhunderts+bis+zum+Ausgang+des+18.+Jahrhunderts&rft.place=Munich&rft.pub=C.+H.+Beck&rft.date=1988&rft.aulast=Spindler&rft.aufirst=Max&rft.au=Kraus%2C+Andreas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADuchy+of+Merania" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFŠtular2009" class="citation book cs1">Štular, Benjamin (2009). <i>Mali Grad: High Medieval Castle in Kamnik</i>. Ljubljana: Inštitut za arheologijo.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mali+Grad%3A+High+Medieval+Castle+in+Kamnik&rft.place=Ljubljana&rft.pub=In%C5%A1titut+za+arheologijo&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=%C5%A0tular&rft.aufirst=Benjamin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADuchy+of+Merania" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilson2016" class="citation book cs1">Wilson, Peter (2016). <i>Heart of Europe: A History of the Holy Roman Empire</i>. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Heart+of+Europe%3A+A+History+of+the+Holy+Roman+Empire&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+MA&rft.pub=Belknap+Press&rft.date=2016&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADuchy+of+Merania" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <dl><dt>Further reading</dt></dl> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDuvernoy1840" class="citation book cs1">Duvernoy, Charles (1840). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=P6g-AAAAcAAJ"><i>Notice sur les deux Ottons, ducs de Méranie et comtes palatins de Bourogne (1208–1248)</i></a>. Besançon: L. Ste-Agathe.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Notice+sur+les+deux+Ottons%2C+ducs+de+M%C3%A9ranie+et+comtes+palatins+de+Bourogne+%281208%E2%80%931248%29&rft.place=Besan%C3%A7on&rft.pub=L.+Ste-Agathe&rft.date=1840&rft.aulast=Duvernoy&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DP6g-AAAAcAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADuchy+of+Merania" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKöler1729" class="citation book cs1">Köler, Johann D. (1729). <i>De Ducibus Meraniae ex Comitibus de Andechs Ortis</i>. Altdorf.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=De+Ducibus+Meraniae+ex+Comitibus+de+Andechs+Ortis&rft.place=Altdorf&rft.date=1729&rft.aulast=K%C3%B6ler&rft.aufirst=Johann+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADuchy+of+Merania" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <dl><dt>External links</dt></dl> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mgl-obermaingeschichte.de/Beilage1998/98Arneth.htm#Herrschaftsbereiche">Herrschaftsbereiche der Andechs-Meranier in Europa</a>, a map by Anton Köcheler, at Gerhard Arneth, <i>Die Andechs-Meranier: Der Aufstieg einer Grafenfamilie zum Fürstengeschlecht mit europäischer Bedeutung</i></li></ul> </div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Duchy_of_Merania&oldid=1254558984">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Duchy_of_Merania&oldid=1254558984</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Dukes_of_Merania" title="Category:Dukes of Merania">Dukes of Merania</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:States_and_territories_established_in_1152" title="Category:States and territories established in 1152">States and territories established in 1152</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:States_and_territories_disestablished_in_1248" title="Category:States and territories disestablished in 1248">States and territories disestablished in 1248</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Duchies_of_the_Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Category:Duchies of the Holy Roman Empire">Duchies of the Holy Roman Empire</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1150s_establishments_in_the_Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Category:1150s establishments in the Holy Roman Empire">1150s establishments in the Holy Roman Empire</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1152_establishments_in_Europe" title="Category:1152 establishments in Europe">1152 establishments in Europe</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1240s_disestablishments_in_the_Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Category:1240s disestablishments in the Holy Roman Empire">1240s disestablishments in the Holy Roman Empire</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1248_disestablishments_in_Europe" title="Category:1248 disestablishments in Europe">1248 disestablishments in Europe</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:House_of_Andechs" title="Category:House of Andechs">House of Andechs</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Latin-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Latin-language text">Articles containing Latin-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_interwiki-linked_names" title="Category:CS1 interwiki-linked names">CS1 interwiki-linked names</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1:_long_volume_value" title="Category:CS1: long volume value">CS1: long volume value</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 31 October 2024, at 16:02<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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