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carrier</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: drug carrier"> <meta name="keywords" content="drug carrier"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="drug carrier"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 2478</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: drug carrier</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2478</span> Functionalized DOX Nanocapsules by Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Targeted Drug Delivery</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Afsaneh%20Ghorbanzadeh">Afsaneh Ghorbanzadeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Afshin%20Farahbakhsh"> Afshin Farahbakhsh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zakieh%20Bayat"> Zakieh Bayat</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The drug capsulation was used for release and targeted delivery in determined time, place and temperature or pH. The DOX nanocapsules were used to reduce and to minimize the unwanted side effects of drug. In this paper, the encapsulation methods of doxorubicin (DOX) and the labeling it by the magnetic core of iron (Fe3O4) has been studied. The Fe3O4 was conjugated with DOX via hydrazine bond. The solution was capsuled by the sensitive polymer of heat or pH such as chitosan-g-poly (N-isopropylacrylamide-co-N,N-dimethylacrylamide), dextran-g-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-N,N-dimethylacrylamide) and mPEG-G2.5 PAMAM by hydrazine bond. The drug release was very slow at temperatures lower than 380°C. There was a rapid and controlled drug release at temperatures higher than 380°C. According to experiments, the use mPEG-G2.5PAMAM is the best method of DOX nanocapsules synthesis, because in this method, the drug delivery time to certain place is lower than other methods and the percentage of released drug is higher. The synthesized magnetic carrier system has potential applications in magnetic drug-targeting delivery and magnetic resonance imaging. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drug%20carrier" title="drug carrier">drug carrier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drug%20release" title=" drug release"> drug release</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=doxorubicin" title=" doxorubicin"> doxorubicin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=iron%20oxide%20NPs" title=" iron oxide NPs"> iron oxide NPs</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9068/functionalized-dox-nanocapsules-by-iron-oxide-nanoparticles-for-targeted-drug-delivery" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9068.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">417</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2477</span> Studies on Modified Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles as Potential Drug Carrier</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jolanta%20Pulit-Prociak">Jolanta Pulit-Prociak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Olga%20Dlugosz"> Olga Dlugosz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marcin%20Banach"> Marcin Banach</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The toxicity of bare zinc oxide nanoparticles used as drug carriers may be the result of releasing zinc ions. Thus, zinc oxide nanoparticles modified with galactose were obtained. The process of their formation was conducted in the microwave field. The physicochemical properties of the obtained products were studied. The size and electrokinetic potential were defined by using dynamic light scattering technique. The crystalline properties were assessed by X-ray diffractometry. In order to confirm the formation of the desired products, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy was used. The releasing of zinc ions from the prepared products when comparing to the bare oxide was analyzed. It was found out that modification of zinc oxide nanoparticles with galactose limits the releasing of zinc ions which are responsible for the toxic effect of the whole carrier-drug conjugate. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanomaterials" title="nanomaterials">nanomaterials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zinc%20oxide" title=" zinc oxide"> zinc oxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drug%20delivery%20system" title=" drug delivery system"> drug delivery system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=toxicity" title=" toxicity"> toxicity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/138037/studies-on-modified-zinc-oxide-nanoparticles-as-potential-drug-carrier" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/138037.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">190</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2476</span> Solubility Enhancement of Poorly Soluble Anticancer Drug, Docetaxel Using a Novel Polymer, Soluplus via Solid Dispersion Technique</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adinarayana%20Gorajana">Adinarayana Gorajana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Venkata%20Srikanth%20Meka"> Venkata Srikanth Meka</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sanjay%20Garg"> Sanjay Garg</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lim%20Sue%20May"> Lim Sue May</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study was designed to evaluate and enhance the solubility of poorly soluble drug, docetaxel through solid dispersion (SD) technique prepared using freeze drying method. Docetaxel solid dispersions were formulated with Soluplus in different weight ratios. Freeze drying method was used to prepare the solid dispersions. Solubility of the solid dispersions were evaluated respectively and the optimized of drug-solubilizers ratio systems were characterized with different analytical methods like Differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to confirm the formation of complexes between drug and solubilizers. The solubility data revealed an overall improvement in solubility for all SD formulations. The ternary combination 1:5:2 gave the highest increase in solubility that is approximately 3 folds from the pure drug, suggesting the optimum drug-solubilizers ratio system. This data corresponds with the DSC and SEM analyses, which demonstrates presence of drug in amorphous state and the dispersion in the solubilizers in molecular level. The solubility of the poorly soluble drug, docetaxel was enhanced through preparation of solid dispersion formulations employing freeze drying method. Solid dispersion with multiple carrier system shows better solubility compared to single carrier system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=docetaxel" title="docetaxel">docetaxel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=freeze%20drying" title=" freeze drying"> freeze drying</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soluplus" title=" soluplus"> soluplus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solid%20dispersion%20technique" title=" solid dispersion technique"> solid dispersion technique</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17833/solubility-enhancement-of-poorly-soluble-anticancer-drug-docetaxel-using-a-novel-polymer-soluplus-via-solid-dispersion-technique" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17833.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">502</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2475</span> Proniosomes as a Drug Carrier for Topical Delivery of Tolnaftate </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mona%20Mahmoud%20Abou%20Samra">Mona Mahmoud Abou Samra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alaa%20Hamed%20Salama"> Alaa Hamed Salama</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ghada%20Awad"> Ghada Awad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Soheir%20Said%20Mansy"> Soheir Said Mansy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Proniosomes are well documented for topical drug delivery and preferred over other vesicular systems because they are biodegradable, biocompatible, non-toxic, possess skin penetration ability and prolong the release of drugs by acting as depot in deeper layers of skin. Proniosome drug delivery was preferred due to improved stability of the system than niosomes. The present investigation aimed at formulation development and performance evaluation of proniosomal gel as a vesicular drug carrier system for antifungal drug tolnaftate. Proniosomes was developed using different nonionic surfactants such as span 60 and span 65 with cholesterol in different molar ratios by the Coacervation phase separation method in presence or absence of either lecithin or phospholipon 80 H. Proniosomal gel formulations of tolnaftate were characterized for vesicular shape & size, entrapment efficiency, rheological properties and release study. The effect of surfactants and additives on the entrapment efficiency, particle size and percent of drug released was studied. The selected proniosomal formulations for topical delivery of tolnaftate was subjected to a microbiological study in male rats infected with Trichophyton rubrum; the main cause of Tinea Pedis compared to the free drug and a market product and the results was recorded. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fungal%20infection" title="fungal infection">fungal infection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=proniosome" title=" proniosome"> proniosome</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tolnaftate" title=" tolnaftate"> tolnaftate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trichophyton%20rubrum" title=" trichophyton rubrum"> trichophyton rubrum</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25830/proniosomes-as-a-drug-carrier-for-topical-delivery-of-tolnaftate" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25830.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">512</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2474</span> Surfactant-Free O/W-Emulsion as Drug Delivery System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Kumpugdee-Vollrath">M. Kumpugdee-Vollrath</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.-P.%20Krause"> J.-P. Krause</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20B%C3%BCrk"> S. Bürk</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Most of the drugs used for pharmaceutical purposes are poorly water-soluble drugs. About 40% of all newly discovered drugs are lipophilic and the numbers of lipophilic drugs seem to increase more and more. Drug delivery systems such as nanoparticles, micelles or liposomes are applied to improve their solubility and thus their bioavailability. Besides various techniques of solubilization, oil-in-water emulsions are often used to incorporate lipophilic drugs into the oil phase. To stabilize emulsions surface active substances (surfactants) are generally used. An alternative method to avoid the application of surfactants was of great interest. One possibility is to develop O/W-emulsion without any addition of surface active agents or the so called “surfactant-free emulsion or SFE”. The aim of this study was to develop and characterize SFE as a drug carrier by varying the production conditions. Lidocaine base was used as a model drug. The injection method was developed. Effects of ultrasound as well as of temperature on the properties of the emulsion were studied. Particle sizes and release were determined. The long-term stability up to 30 days was performed. The results showed that the surfactant-free O/W emulsions with pharmaceutical oil as drug carrier can be produced. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emulsion" title="emulsion">emulsion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lidocaine" title=" lidocaine"> lidocaine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Miglyol" title=" Miglyol"> Miglyol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=size" title=" size"> size</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surfactant" title=" surfactant"> surfactant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=light%20scattering" title=" light scattering"> light scattering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=release" title=" release"> release</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=injection" title=" injection"> injection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ultrasound" title=" ultrasound"> ultrasound</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stability" title=" stability "> stability </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11202/surfactant-free-ow-emulsion-as-drug-delivery-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11202.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">488</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2473</span> Preparation and Characterization of Chitosan-Hydrocortisone Nanoshell for Drug Delivery Application</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suyeon%20Kwon">Suyeon Kwon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ik%20Joong%20Kang"> Ik Joong Kang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wang%20Bingjie"> Wang Bingjie</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Chitosan is a polymer that is usually produced from N-deacetylation of chitin. It is emerging as a promising biocompatible polymer that is harmless to humans. For the reason that many merits such as good adsorptive, biodegradability, many researches are being done on the chitosan for drug delivery system. Drug delivery system (DDS) has been developed for the control of drug. It makes the drug can be delivered effectively and safely into the targeted human body. The drug used in this work is hydrocortisone that is used in Rheumatism, skin diseases, allergy treatment. In this work, hydrocortisone was used to make allergic rhinitis medicine. Our study focuses on drug delivery through the nasal mucosa by using hydrocortisone impregnated chitosan nanoshells. This study has performed an investigation in order to establish the optimal conditions, changing concentration, quantity of hydrocortisone. DLS, SEM, TEM, FT-IR, UV spectrum were used to analyze the manufactured chitosan-hydrocortisone silver nanoshell and silver nanoshell, whose function as drug carriers. This study has performed an investigation on new drug carriers and delivery routes for hydrocortisone. Various methods of manufacturing chitosan-hydrocortisone nanoshells were attempted in order to establish the optimal condition. As a result, the average size of chitosan-hydrocortisone silver nanoshell is about 80 nm. So, chitosan-hydrocortisone silver nanoshell is suitable as drug carriers because optimal size of drug carrier in human body is less than 120 nm. UV spectrum of Chitosan-hydrocortisone silver nanoshell shows the characteristic peak of silver nanoshell at 420 nm. Likewise, the average size of chitosan-hydrocortisone silver nanoshell is about 100nm. It is also suitable for drug carrier in human body. Also, multi-layered silver shell over chitosan nanoshells induced the red-shift of absorption peak and increased the intensity of absorption peak. The resultant chitosan–silver nanocomposites (or nanoshells) exhibited the absorption peak around 430nm attributed to silvershell formation. i.e. the absorption peak was red-shifted by ca. 40 nm in reference to 390 nm of silver nanoshells. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chitosan" title="chitosan">chitosan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drug%20delivery" title=" drug delivery"> drug delivery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrocortisone" title=" hydrocortisone"> hydrocortisone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rhinitis" title=" rhinitis"> rhinitis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanoshell" title=" nanoshell"> nanoshell</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53497/preparation-and-characterization-of-chitosan-hydrocortisone-nanoshell-for-drug-delivery-application" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53497.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">260</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2472</span> Lipid Nanoparticles for Spironolactone Delivery: Physicochemical Characteristics, Stability and Invitro Release</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20R.%20Kelidari">H. R. Kelidari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Saeedi"> M. Saeedi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Akbari"> J. Akbari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Morteza-Semnani"> K. Morteza-Semnani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Valizadeh"> H. Valizadeh </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Spironolactoe (SP) a synthetic steroid diuretic is a poorly water-soluble drug with a low and variable oral bioavailability. Regarding to the good solubility of SP in lipid materials, SP loaded Solid lipid nanoparticles (SP-SLNs) and nanostructured lipid carrier (SP-SLNs) were thus prepared in this work for accelerating dissolution of this drug. The SP loaded NLC with stearic acid (SA) as solid lipid and different Oleic Acid (OA) as liquid lipid content and SLN without OA were prepared by probe ultrasonication method. With increasing the percentage of OA from 0 to 30 wt% in SLN/NLC, the average size and zeta potential of nanoparticles felled down and entrapment efficiency (EE %) rose dramatically. The obtained micrograph particles showed pronounced spherical shape. Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC) measurements indicated that the presence of OA reduced the melting temperature and melting enthalpy of solid lipid in NLC structure. The results reflected good long-term stability of the nanoparticles and the measurements show that the particle size remains lower in NLC compare to SLN formulations, 6 months after production. Dissolution of SP-SLN and SP-NLC was about 5.1 and 7.2 times faster than raw drugs in 120 min respectively. These results indicated that the SP loaded NLC containing 70:30 solid lipid to liquid lipid ratio is a suitable carrier of SP with improved drug EE and steady drug release properties. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drug%20release" title="drug release">drug release</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lipid%20nanoparticles" title=" lipid nanoparticles"> lipid nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spironolactone" title=" spironolactone"> spironolactone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stability" title=" stability"> stability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30285/lipid-nanoparticles-for-spironolactone-delivery-physicochemical-characteristics-stability-and-invitro-release" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30285.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">331</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2471</span> Detection of Important Biological Elements in Drug-Drug Interaction Occurrence</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reza%20Ferdousi">Reza Ferdousi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reza%20Safdari"> Reza Safdari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yadollah%20Omidi"> Yadollah Omidi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Drug-drug interactions (DDIs) are main cause of the adverse drug reactions and nature of the functional and molecular complexity of drugs behavior in human body make them hard to prevent and treat. With the aid of new technologies derived from mathematical and computational science the DDIs problems can be addressed with minimum cost and efforts. Market basket analysis is known as powerful method to identify co-occurrence of thing to discover patterns and frequency of the elements. In this research, we used market basket analysis to identify important bio-elements in DDIs occurrence. For this, we collected all known DDIs from DrugBank. The obtained data were analyzed by market basket analysis method. We investigated all drug-enzyme, drug-carrier, drug-transporter and drug-target associations. To determine the importance of the extracted bio-elements, extracted rules were evaluated in terms of confidence and support. Market basket analysis of the over 45,000 known DDIs reveals more than 300 important rules that can be used to identify DDIs, CYP 450 family were the most frequent shared bio-elements. We applied extracted rules over 2,000,000 unknown drug pairs that lead to discovery of more than 200,000 potential DDIs. Analysis of the underlying reason behind the DDI phenomena can help to predict and prevent DDI occurrence. Ranking of the extracted rules based on strangeness of them can be a supportive tool to predict the outcome of an unknown DDI. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drug-drug%20interaction" title="drug-drug interaction">drug-drug interaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=market%20basket%20analysis" title=" market basket analysis"> market basket analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rule%20discovery" title=" rule discovery"> rule discovery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=important%20bio-elements" title=" important bio-elements"> important bio-elements</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78955/detection-of-important-biological-elements-in-drug-drug-interaction-occurrence" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78955.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">309</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2470</span> Docking and Dynamic Molecular Study of Isoniazid Derivatives as Anti-Tuberculosis Drug Candidate</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Richa%20Mardianingrum">Richa Mardianingrum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Srie%20R.%20N.%20Endah"> Srie R. N. Endah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this research, we have designed four isoniazid derivatives i.e., isonicotinohydrazide (1-isonicotinoyl semicarbazide, 1-thiosemi isonicotinoyl carbazide, N '-(1,3-dimethyl-1 h-pyrazole-5-carbonyl) isonicotino hydrazide, and N '-(1,2,3- 4-thiadiazole-carbonyl) isonicotinohydrazide. The docking and molecular dynamic have performed to them in order to study its interaction with Mycobacterium tuberculosis Enoyl-Acyl Carrier Protein Reductase (InhA). Based on this research, all of the compounds were predicted to have a stable interaction with Mycobacterium tuberculosis Enoyl-Acyl Carrier Protein Reductase (INHA) receptor, so they could be used as an anti-tuberculosis drug candidate. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anti-tuberculosis" title="anti-tuberculosis">anti-tuberculosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=docking" title=" docking"> docking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Inhibin%20alpha%20subunit" title=" Inhibin alpha subunit"> Inhibin alpha subunit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=InhA" title=" InhA"> InhA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inhibition" title=" inhibition"> inhibition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=synthesis" title=" synthesis"> synthesis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=isonicotinohydrazide" title=" isonicotinohydrazide"> isonicotinohydrazide</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92270/docking-and-dynamic-molecular-study-of-isoniazid-derivatives-as-anti-tuberculosis-drug-candidate" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92270.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">180</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2469</span> Polydopamine Nanoparticle as a Stable and Capacious Nano-Reservoir of Rifampicin</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tasnuva%20Tamanna">Tasnuva Tamanna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aimin%20Yu"> Aimin Yu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Application of nanoscience in biomedical field has come across as a new era. This study involves the synthesis of nano drug carrier with antibiotic loading. Based on the founding that polydopamine (PDA) nanoparticles could be formed via self-polymerization of dopamine at alkaline pH, one-step synthesis of rifampicin coupled polydopamine (PDA-R) nanoparticles was achieved by adding rifampicin into the dopamine solution. The successful yield of PDA nanoparticles with or without the presence of rifampicin during the polymerization process was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. Drug loading was monitored by UV-vis spectroscopy and the loading efficiency of rifampicin was calculated to be 76%. Such highly capacious nano-reservoir was found very stable with little drug leakage at pH 3. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drug%20loading" title="drug loading">drug loading</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanoparticles" title=" nanoparticles"> nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polydopamine" title=" polydopamine"> polydopamine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rifampicin" title=" rifampicin"> rifampicin</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39619/polydopamine-nanoparticle-as-a-stable-and-capacious-nano-reservoir-of-rifampicin" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39619.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">478</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2468</span> Titanium Dioxide Modified with Glutathione as Potential Drug Carrier with Reduced Toxic Properties</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Olga%20D%C5%82ugosz">Olga Długosz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jolanta%20Pulit-Prociak"> Jolanta Pulit-Prociak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marcin%20Banach"> Marcin Banach</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper presents a process to obtain glutathione-modified titanium oxide nanoparticles. The processes were carried out in a microwave radiation field. The influence of the molar ratio of glutathione to titanium oxide and the effect of the fold of NaOH vs. stoichiometric amount on the size of the formed TiO₂ nanoparticles was determined. The physicochemical properties of the obtained products were evaluated using dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscope- energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (TEM-EDS), low-temperature nitrogen adsorption method (BET), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) microscopy methods. The size of TiO₂ nanoparticles was characterized from 30 to 336 nm. The release of titanium ions from the prepared products was evaluated. These studies were carried out using different media in which the powders were incubated for a specific time. These were water, SBF and Ringer's solution. The release of titanium ions from modified products is weaker compared to unmodified titanium oxide nanoparticles. The reduced release of titanium ions may allow the use of such modified materials as substances in drug delivery systems. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=titanium%20dioxide" title="titanium dioxide">titanium dioxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanoparticles" title=" nanoparticles"> nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drug%20carrier" title=" drug carrier"> drug carrier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=glutathione" title=" glutathione"> glutathione</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/138040/titanium-dioxide-modified-with-glutathione-as-potential-drug-carrier-with-reduced-toxic-properties" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/138040.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">80</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2467</span> Titanium Dioxide Modified with Glutathione as Potential Drug Carrier with Reduced Toxic Properties</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Olga%20D%C5%82ugosz">Olga Długosz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jolanta%20Pulit-Prociak"> Jolanta Pulit-Prociak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marcin%20Banach"> Marcin Banach</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper presents a process to obtain glutathione-modified titanium oxide nanoparticles. The processes were carried out in a microwave radiation field. The influence of the molar ratio of glutathione to titanium oxide and the effect of the fold of NaOH vs. stoichiometric amount on the size of the formed TiO₂ nanoparticles was determined. The physicochemical properties of the obtained products were evaluated using dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscope- energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (TEM-EDS), low-temperature nitrogen adsorption method (BET), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) microscopy methods. The size of TiO₂ nanoparticles was characterized from 30 to 336 nm. The release of titanium ions from the prepared products was evaluated. These studies were carried out using different media in which the powders were incubated for a specific time. These were: water, SBF, and Ringer's solution. The release of titanium ions from modified products is weaker compared to unmodified titanium oxide nanoparticles. The reduced release of titanium ions may allow the use of such modified materials as substances in drug delivery systems. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=titanium%20dioxide" title="titanium dioxide">titanium dioxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanoparticles" title=" nanoparticles"> nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drug%20carrier" title=" drug carrier"> drug carrier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=glutathione" title=" glutathione"> glutathione</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142599/titanium-dioxide-modified-with-glutathione-as-potential-drug-carrier-with-reduced-toxic-properties" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142599.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">160</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2466</span> New Technique of Estimation of Charge Carrier Density of Nanomaterials from Thermionic Emission Data</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dilip%20K.%20De">Dilip K. De</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Olukunle%20C.%20Olawole"> Olukunle C. Olawole</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Emmanuel%20S.%20Joel"> Emmanuel S. Joel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Moses%20Emetere"> Moses Emetere</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A good number of electronic properties such as electrical and thermal conductivities depend on charge carrier densities of nanomaterials. By controlling the charge carrier densities during the fabrication (or growth) processes, the physical properties can be tuned. In this paper, we discuss a new technique of estimating the charge carrier densities of nanomaterials from the thermionic emission data using the newly modified Richardson-Dushman equation. We find that the technique yields excellent results for graphene and carbon nanotube. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=charge%20carrier%20density" title="charge carrier density">charge carrier density</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nano%20materials" title=" nano materials"> nano materials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=new%20technique" title=" new technique"> new technique</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermionic%20emission" title=" thermionic emission"> thermionic emission</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42562/new-technique-of-estimation-of-charge-carrier-density-of-nanomaterials-from-thermionic-emission-data" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42562.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">320</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2465</span> An Alternative Nano Design Strategy by Neutralized AMPS and Soy Bean Lecithin to Form Nanoparticles</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Esra%20Cansever%20Mutlu">Esra Cansever Mutlu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muge%20Sennaroglu%20Bostan"> Muge Sennaroglu Bostan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatemeh%20Bahadori"> Fatemeh Bahadori</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ebru%20Toksoy%20Oner"> Ebru Toksoy Oner</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehmet%20S.%20Eroglu"> Mehmet S. Eroglu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Paclitaxel is used in treatment of different cancer types mainly breast, ovarian, lung and Kaposi’s sarcoma. It is poorly soluble in water; therefore, currently used formulations tremendously show side-effects and high toxicity. Encapsulation of the drug in a nano drug carrier which causes both reducing side effects and increasing drug activity is a desired new approach for the nano-medicine to target the site of cancer. In this study, synthesis of a novel nano paclitaxel formulation made of a new amphiphilic monomer was followed by the investigation of its pharmacological properties. UV radical polymerization was carried out by using the monomer Lecithin-2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane (L-AMPS) and the drug-spacer, to obtain sterically high stabilized, biocompatible and biodegradable phospholipid nanoparticles, in which the drug paclitaxel (Pxl) was encapsulated (NanoPxl). Particles showed high drug loading capacity (68%) and also hydrodynamic size less than 200 nm with slight negative surface charge. The drug release profile was obtained and in vitro cytotoxicity test was performed on MCF-7 cell line. Consequently, these data indicated that paclitaxel loaded Lecithin-AMPS/PCL-MAC nanoparticles can be considered as a new, safe and effective nanocarrier for the treatment of breast cancer. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=paclitaxel" title="paclitaxel">paclitaxel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanoparticle" title=" nanoparticle"> nanoparticle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drug%20delivery" title=" drug delivery"> drug delivery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L-AMPS" title=" L-AMPS"> L-AMPS</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68815/an-alternative-nano-design-strategy-by-neutralized-amps-and-soy-bean-lecithin-to-form-nanoparticles" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68815.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">320</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2464</span> pH and Thermo-Sensitive Nanogels for Anti-Cancer Therapy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20Naga%20Sravan%20Kumar%20Varma">V. Naga Sravan Kumar Varma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20G.%20Shivakumar"> H. G. Shivakumar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of the study was to develop dual sensitive poly (N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylic acid) (PNA) nanogels(NGs) and studying its applications for Anti-Cancer therapy. NGs were fabricated by free radical polymerization using different amount of N-isopropylacrylamide and acrylic acid. A study for polymer composition over the effect on LCST in different pH was evaluated by measuring the absorbance at 500nm using UV spectrophotometer. Further selected NG’s were evaluated for change in hydrodynamic diameters in response to pH and temperature. NGs which could sharply respond to low pH value of cancer cells at body temperature were loaded with Fluorouracil (5-FU) using equilibrium swelling method and studied for drug release behaviour in different pH. A significant influence of NGs polymer composition over pH dependent LCST was observed. NGs which were spherical with an average particle size of 268nm at room temperature, shrinked forming an irregular shape when heated above to their respective LCST. 5FU loaded NGs did not intervene any difference in pH depended LCST behaviour of NGs. The in vitro drug release of NGs exhibited a pH and thermo-dependent control release. The cytoxicity study of blank carrier to MCF7 cell line showed no cytotoxicity. The results indicated that PNA NGs could be used as a potential drug carrier for anti-cancer therapy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pH%20and%20thermo-sensitive" title="pH and thermo-sensitive">pH and thermo-sensitive</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanogels" title=" nanogels"> nanogels</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P%28NIPAM-co-AAc%29" title=" P(NIPAM-co-AAc)"> P(NIPAM-co-AAc)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anti-cancer" title=" anti-cancer"> anti-cancer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=5-FU" title=" 5-FU"> 5-FU</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43882/ph-and-thermo-sensitive-nanogels-for-anti-cancer-therapy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43882.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">350</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2463</span> Polymersomes in Drug Delivery: A Comparative Review with Liposomes and Micelles</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salma%20E.%20Ahmed">Salma E. Ahmed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Since the mid 50’s, enormous attention has been paid towards nanocarriers and their applications in drug and gene delivery. Among these vesicles, liposomes and micelles have been heavily investigated due to their many advantages over other types. Liposomes, for instance, are mostly distinguished by their ability to encapsulate hydrophobic, hydrophilic and amphiphilic drugs. Micelles, on the other hand, are self-assembled shells of lipids, amphiphilic or oppositely charged block copolymers that, once exposed to aqueous media, can entrap hydrophobic agents, and possess prolonged circulation in the bloodstream. Both carriers are considered compatible and biodegradable. Nevertheless, they have limited stabilities, chemical versatilities, and drug encapsulation efficiencies. In order to overcome these downsides, strategies for optimizing a novel drug delivery system that has the architecture of liposomes and polymeric characteristics of micelles have been evolved. Polymersomes are vehicles with fluidic cores and hydrophobic shells that are protected and isolated from the aqueous media by the hydrated hydrophilic brushes which give the carrier its distinctive polymeric bilayer shape. Similar to liposomes, this merit enables the carrier to encapsulate a wide range of agents, despite their affinities and solubilities in water. Adding to this, the high molecular weight of the amphiphiles that build the body of the polymersomes increases their colloidal and chemical stabilities and reduces the permeability of the polymeric membranes, which makes the vesicles more protective to the encapsulated drug. These carriers can also be modified in ways that make them responsive when targeted or triggered, by manipulating their composition and attaching moieties and conjugates to the body of the carriers. These appealing characteristics, in addition to the ease of synthesis, gave the polymersomes greater potentials in the area of drug delivery. Thus, their design and characterization, in comparison with liposomes and micelles, are briefly reviewed in this work. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=controlled%20release" title="controlled release">controlled release</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=liposomes" title=" liposomes"> liposomes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=micelles" title=" micelles"> micelles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polymersomes" title=" polymersomes"> polymersomes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=targeting" title=" targeting"> targeting</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67371/polymersomes-in-drug-delivery-a-comparative-review-with-liposomes-and-micelles" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67371.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">194</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2462</span> Preparation of Flurbiprofen Derivative for Enhanced Brain Penetration</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jungkyun%20Im">Jungkyun Im</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are effective for relieving pain and reducing inflammation. They are nonselective inhibitors of two isoforms of COX, cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and thereby inhibiting the production of hormone-like lipid compounds such as, prostaglandins and thromboxanes which cause inflammation, pain, fever, platelet aggregation, etc. In addition, recently there are many research articles reporting the neuroprotective effect of NSAIDs in neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, the clinical use of NSAIDs in these diseases is limited by low brain distribution. Therefore, in order to assist the in-depth investigation on the pharmaceutical mechanism of flurbiprofen in neuroprotection and to make flurbiprofen a more potent drug to prevent or alleviate neurodegenerative diseases, delivery of flurbiprofen to brain should be effective and sufficient amount of flurbiprofen must penetrate the BBB thus gaining access into the patient’s brain. We have recently developed several types of guanidine-rich molecular carriers with high molecular weights and good water solubility that readily cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and display efficient distributions in the mouse brain. The G8 (having eight guanidine groups) molecular carrier based on D-sorbitol was found to be very effective in delivering anticancer drugs to a mouse brain. In the present study, employing the same molecular carrier, we prepared the flurbiprofen conjugate and studied its BBB permeation by mouse tissue distribution study. Flurbiprofen was attached to a molecular carrier with a fluorescein probe and multiple terminal guanidiniums. The conjugate was found to internalize into live cells and readily cross the BBB to enter the mouse brain. Our novel synthetic flurbiprofen conjugate will hopefully delivery NSAIDs into brain, and is therefore applicable to the neurodegenerative diseases treatment or prevention. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flurbiprofen" title="flurbiprofen">flurbiprofen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drug%20delivery" title=" drug delivery"> drug delivery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=molecular%20carrier" title=" molecular carrier"> molecular carrier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organic%20synthesis" title=" organic synthesis"> organic synthesis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78699/preparation-of-flurbiprofen-derivative-for-enhanced-brain-penetration" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78699.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">231</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2461</span> Chitosan Coated Liposome Incorporated Cyanobacterial Pigment for Nasal Administration in the Brain Stroke</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kyou%20Hee%20Shim">Kyou Hee Shim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hwa%20Sung%20Shin"> Hwa Sung Shin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> When a thrombolysis agent is administered to treat ischemic stroke, excessive reactive oxygen species are generated due to a sudden provision of oxygen and occurs secondary damage cell necrosis. Thus, it is necessary to administrate adjuvant as well as thrombolysis agent to protect and reduce damaged tissue. As cerebral blood vessels have specific structure called blood-brain barrier (BBB), it is not easy to transfer substances from blood to tissue. Therefore, development of a drug carrier is required to increase drug delivery efficiency to brain tissue. In this study, cyanobacterial pigment from the blue-green algae known for having neuroprotective effect as well as antioxidant effect was nasally administrated for bypassing BBB. In order to deliver cyanobacterial pigment efficiently, the nano-sized liposome was used as a carrier. Liposomes were coated with a positive charge of chitosan since negative residues are present at the nasal mucosa the first gateway of nasal administration. Characteristics of liposome including morphology, size and zeta potential were analyzed by transmission electron microscope (TEM) and zeta analyzer. As a result of cytotoxic test, the liposomes were not harmful. Also, being administered a drug to the ischemic stroke animal model, we could confirm that the pharmacological effect of the pigment delivered by chitosan coated liposome was enhanced compared to that of non-coated liposome. Consequently, chitosan coated liposome could be considered as an optimized drug delivery system for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ischemic%20stroke" title="ischemic stroke">ischemic stroke</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cyanobacterial%20pigment" title=" cyanobacterial pigment"> cyanobacterial pigment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=liposome" title=" liposome"> liposome</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chitosan" title=" chitosan"> chitosan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nasal%20administration" title=" nasal administration"> nasal administration</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75881/chitosan-coated-liposome-incorporated-cyanobacterial-pigment-for-nasal-administration-in-the-brain-stroke" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/75881.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">227</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2460</span> Solid Dispersions of Cefixime Using β-Cyclodextrin: Characterization and in vitro Evaluation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nagasamy%20Venkatesh%20Dhandapani">Nagasamy Venkatesh Dhandapani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amged%20Awad%20El-Gied"> Amged Awad El-Gied</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cefixime, a BCS class II drug, is insoluble in water but freely soluble in acetone and in alcohol. The aqueous solubility of cefixime in water is poor and exhibits exceptionally slow and intrinsic dissolution rate. In the present study, cefixime and β-Cyclodextrin (β-CD) solid dispersions were prepared with a view to study the effect and influence of β-CD on the solubility and dissolution rate of this poorly aqueous soluble drug. Phase solubility profile revealed that the solubility of cefixime was increased in the presence of β-CD and was classified as A<sub>L</sub>-type. Effect of variable, such as drug:carrier ratio, was studied. Physical characterization of the solid dispersion was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). These studies revealed that a distinct loss of drug crystallinity in the solid molecular dispersions is ostensibly accounting for enhancement of dissolution rate in distilled water. The drug release from the prepared solid dispersion exhibited a first order kinetics. Solid dispersions of cefixime showed a 6.77 times fold increase in dissolution rate over the pure drug. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%CE%B2-cyclodextrin" title="β-cyclodextrin">β-cyclodextrin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cefixime" title=" cefixime"> cefixime</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dissolution" title=" dissolution"> dissolution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kneading%20method" title=" Kneading method"> Kneading method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solid%20dispersions" title=" solid dispersions"> solid dispersions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=release%20kinetics" title=" release kinetics"> release kinetics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58364/solid-dispersions-of-cefixime-using-v-cyclodextrin-characterization-and-in-vitro-evaluation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58364.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">316</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2459</span> Core-Shell Type Magnetic Nanoparticles for Targeted Drug Delivery</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yogita%20Patil-Sen">Yogita Patil-Sen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Magnetic nanoparticles such as those made of iron oxide have been widely explored as biocatalysts, contrast agents, and drug delivery systems. However, some of the challenges associated with these particles are agglomeration and biocompatibility, which lead to concern of toxicity of the particles, especially for drug delivery applications. Coating the particles with biocompatible materials such as lipids and peptides have shown to improve the mentioned issues. Thus, these core-shell type nanoparticles are emerging as the new class of nanomaterials for targeted drug delivery applications. In this study, various types of core-shell magnetic nanoparticles are prepared and characterized using techniques, such as Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). The heating ability of nanoparticles is tested under oscillating magnetic field. The efficacy of the nanoparticles as drug carrier is also investigated. The loading of an anticancer drug, Doxorubicin at 18 °C is measured up to 48 hours using UV-visible spectrophotometer. The drug release profile is obtained under thermal incubation condition at 37 °C and compared with that under the influence of oscillating field. The results suggest that the core-shell nanoparticles exhibit superparamagnetic behaviour, although, coating reduces the magnetic properties of the particles. Both the uncoated and coated particles show good heating ability, again it is observed that coating decreases the heating behaviour of the particles. However, coated particles show higher drug loading efficiency than the uncoated particles and the drug release is much more controlled under the oscillating magnetic field. Thus, the results strongly indicate the suitability of the prepared core-shell type nanoparticles as drug delivery vehicles and their potential in magnetic hyperthermia applications and for hyperthermia cancer therapy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=core-shell" title="core-shell">core-shell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hyperthermia" title=" hyperthermia"> hyperthermia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnetic%20nanoparticles" title=" magnetic nanoparticles"> magnetic nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=targeted%20drug%20delivery" title=" targeted drug delivery"> targeted drug delivery</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70256/core-shell-type-magnetic-nanoparticles-for-targeted-drug-delivery" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70256.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">336</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2458</span> PEG-b-poly(4-vinylbenzyl phosphonate) Coated Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles as Drug Carrier System: Biological and Physicochemical Characterization </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Magdalena%20Ha%C5%82upka-Bryl">Magdalena Hałupka-Bryl</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Magdalena%20Bednarowicz"> Magdalena Bednarowicz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ryszard%20Krzyminiewski"> Ryszard Krzyminiewski</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yukio%20Nagasaki"> Yukio Nagasaki </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Due to their unique physical properties, superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles are increasingly used in medical applications. They are very useful carriers for delivering antitumor drugs in targeted cancer treatment. Magnetic nanoparticles (PEG-PIONs/DOX) with chemotherapeutic were synthesized by coprecipitation method followed by coating with biocompatible polymer PEG-derivative (poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(4-vinylbenzylphosphonate). Complete physicochemical characterization was carried out (ESR, HRTEM, X-ray diffraction, SQUID analysis) to evaluate the magnetic properties of obtained PEG-PIONs/DOX. Nanoparticles were investigated also in terms of their stability, drug loading efficiency, drug release and antiproliferative effect on cancer cells. PEG-PIONs/DOX have been successfully used for the efficient delivery of an anticancer drug into the tumor region. Fluorescent imaging showed the internalization of PEG-PIONs/DOX in the cytoplasm. Biodistribution studies demonstrated that PEG-PIONs/DOX preferentially accumulate in tumor region via the enhanced permeability and retention effect. The present findings show that synthesized nanosystem is promising tool for potential magnetic drug delivery. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=targeted%20drug%20delivery" title="targeted drug delivery">targeted drug delivery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnetic%20properties" title=" magnetic properties"> magnetic properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=iron%20oxide%20nanoparticles" title=" iron oxide nanoparticles"> iron oxide nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biodistribution" title=" biodistribution"> biodistribution</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29050/peg-b-poly4-vinylbenzyl-phosphonate-coated-magnetic-iron-oxide-nanoparticles-as-drug-carrier-system-biological-and-physicochemical-characterization" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29050.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">463</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2457</span> Development and in vitro Characterization of Loteprednol Etabonate-Loaded Polymeric Nanoparticles for Ocular Delivery</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abhishek%20Kumar%20Sah">Abhishek Kumar Sah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Preeti%20K.%20Suresh"> Preeti K. Suresh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Effective drug delivery to the eye is a massive challenge, due to complicated physiological ocular barriers, rapid washout by tear and nasolachrymal drainage. Thus, most of the conventional ophthalmic formulations face the problem of low ocular bioavailability. Ophthalmic drug therapy can be improved by enhancing the precorneal drug retention along with improved drug penetration. The aim of the present investigation was to develop and evaluate a biodegradable polymer poly (D, L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) coated nanoparticulate carrier of loteprednol etabonate. PLGA nanoparticles were prepared by modified emulsification/solvent diffusion method using high-speed homogenizer followed by sonication. The nanoparticles were characterized for various parameters such as particle size, zeta potential, polydispersity index, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), in vitro drug release profile and stability. The prepared nanocarriers displayed mean particle size in the range of 271.7 to 424.4 nm, with zeta potential less than –10 mV. In vitro release in simulated tear fluid (STF) nanocarrier showed an extended release profile of loteprednol etabonate. TEM confirmed the spherical morphology and smooth surface of the particles. All the prepared formulations were found to be stable at varying temperatures. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drug%20delivery" title="drug delivery">drug delivery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ocular%20delivery" title=" ocular delivery"> ocular delivery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polymeric%20nanoparticles" title="polymeric nanoparticles">polymeric nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=loteprednol%20etabonate" title="loteprednol etabonate">loteprednol etabonate</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22757/development-and-in-vitro-characterization-of-loteprednol-etabonate-loaded-polymeric-nanoparticles-for-ocular-delivery" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22757.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">551</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2456</span> Development and Obtaining of Solid Dispersions to Increase the Solubility of Efavirenz in Anti-HIV Therapy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salvana%20P.%20M.%20Costa">Salvana P. M. Costa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tarcyla%20A.%20Gomes"> Tarcyla A. Gomes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Giovanna%20C.%20R.%20M.%20Schver"> Giovanna C. R. M. Schver</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Leslie%20R.%20M.%20Ferraz"> Leslie R. M. Ferraz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cristov%C3%A3o%20R.%20Silva"> Cristovão R. Silva</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Magaly%20A.%20M.%20Lyra"> Magaly A. M. Lyra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Danilo%20A.%20F.%20Fonte"> Danilo A. F. Fonte</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Larissa%20A.%20Rolim"> Larissa A. Rolim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amanda%20C.%20Q.%20M.%20Vieira"> Amanda C. Q. M. Vieira</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Miracy%20M.%20Albuquerque"> Miracy M. Albuquerque</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pedro%20J.%20Rolim-neto"> Pedro J. Rolim-neto</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Efavirenz (EFV) is considered one of the most widely used anti-HIV drugs. However, it is classified as a drug class II (poorly soluble, highly permeable) according to the biopharmaceutical classification system, presenting problems of absorption in the gastrointestinal tract and thereby inadequate bioavailability for its therapeutic action. This study aimed to overcome these barriers by developing and obtaining solid dispersions (SD) in order to increase the EFZ bioavailability. For the development of SD with EFV, theoretical and practical studies were initially performed. Thus, there was a choice of a carrier to be used. For this, it was analyzed the various criteria such as glass transition temperature of the polymer, intra- and intermolecular interactions of hydrogen bonds between drug and polymer, the miscibility between the polymer and EFV. The choice of the obtainment method of the SD came from the analysis of which method is the most consolidated in both industry and literature. Subsequently, the choice of drug and carrier concentrations in the dispersions was carried out. In order to obtain DS to present the drug in its amorphous form, as the DS were obtained, they were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). SD are more stable the higher the amount of polymer present in the formulation. With this assumption, a SD containing 10% of drug was initially prepared and then this proportion was increased until the XRD showed the presence of EFV in its crystalline form. From this point, it was not produced SD with a higher concentration of drug. Thus, it was allowed to select PVP-K30, PVPVA 64 and the SOLUPLUS formulation as carriers, once it was possible the formation of hydrogen bond between EFV and polymers since these have hydrogen acceptor groups capable of interacting with the donor group of the drug hydrogen. It is worth mentioning also that the films obtained, independent of concentration used, were presented homogeneous and transparent. Thus, it can be said that the EFV is miscible in the three polymers used in the study. The SD and Physical Mixtures (PM) with these polymers were prepared by the solvent method. The EFV diffraction profile showed main peaks at around 2θ of 6,24°, in addition to other minor peaks at 14,34°, 17,08°, 20,3°, 21,36° and 25,06°, evidencing its crystalline character. Furthermore, the polymers showed amorphous nature, as evidenced by the absence of peaks in their XRD patterns. The XRD patterns showed the PM overlapping profile of the drug with the polymer, indicating the presence of EFV in its crystalline form. Regardless the proportion of drug used in SD, all the samples showed the same characteristics with no diffraction peaks EFV, demonstrating the behavior amorphous products. Thus, the polymers enabled, effectively, the formation of amorphous SD, probably due to the potential hydrogen bonds between them and the drug. Moreover, the XRD analysis showed that the polymers were able to maintain its amorphous form in a concentration of up to 80% drug. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=amorphous%20form" title="amorphous form">amorphous form</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Efavirenz" title=" Efavirenz"> Efavirenz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solid%20dispersions" title=" solid dispersions"> solid dispersions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solubility" title=" solubility"> solubility</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25688/development-and-obtaining-of-solid-dispersions-to-increase-the-solubility-of-efavirenz-in-anti-hiv-therapy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25688.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">569</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2455</span> Mid-Temperature Methane-Based Chemical Looping Reforming for Hydrogen Production via Iron-Based Oxygen Carrier Particles</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yang%20Li">Yang Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mingkai%20Liu"> Mingkai Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qiong%20Rao"> Qiong Rao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhongrui%20Gai"> Zhongrui Gai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ying%20Pan"> Ying Pan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hongguang%20Jin"> Hongguang Jin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Hydrogen is an ideal and potential energy carrier due to its high energy efficiency and low pollution. An alternative and promising approach to hydrogen generation is the chemical looping steam reforming of methane (CL-SRM) over iron-based oxygen carriers. However, the process faces challenges such as high reaction temperature (>850 ℃) and low methane conversion. We demonstrate that Ni-mixed Fe-based oxygen carrier particles have significantly improved the methane conversion and hydrogen production rate in the range of 450-600 ℃ under atmospheric pressure. The effect on the reaction reactivity of oxygen carrier particles mixed with different Ni-based particle mass ratios has been determined in the continuous unit. More than 85% of methane conversion has been achieved at 600 ℃, and hydrogen can be produced in both reduction and oxidation steps. Moreover, the iron-based oxygen carrier particles exhibited good cyclic performance during 150 consecutive redox cycles at 600 ℃. The mid-temperature iron-based oxygen carrier particles, integrated with a moving-bed chemical looping system, might provide a powerful approach toward more efficient and scalable hydrogen production. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chemical%20looping" title="chemical looping">chemical looping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrogen%20production" title=" hydrogen production"> hydrogen production</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mid-temperature" title=" mid-temperature"> mid-temperature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oxygen%20carrier%20particles" title=" oxygen carrier particles"> oxygen carrier particles</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162319/mid-temperature-methane-based-chemical-looping-reforming-for-hydrogen-production-via-iron-based-oxygen-carrier-particles" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162319.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">141</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2454</span> Studying the Effect of Silicon Substrate Intrinsic Carrier Concentration on Performance of ZnO/Si Solar Cells</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Syed%20Sadique%20Anwer%20Askari">Syed Sadique Anwer Askari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mukul%20Kumar%20Das"> Mukul Kumar Das</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Zinc Oxide (ZnO) solar cells have drawn great attention due to the enhanced efficiency and low-cost fabrication process. In this study, ZnO thin film is used as the active layer, hole blocking layer, antireflection coating (ARC) as well as transparent conductive oxide. To improve the conductivity of ZnO, top layer of ZnO is doped with aluminum, for top contact. Intrinsic carrier concentration of silicon substrate plays an important role in enhancing the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of ZnO/Si solar cell. With the increase of intrinsic carrier concentration PCE decreased due to increase in dark current in solar cell. At 80nm ZnO and 160µm Silicon substrate thickness, power conversion efficiency of 26.45% and 21.64% is achieved with intrinsic carrier concentration of 1x109/cm3, 1.4x1010/cm3 respectively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hetero-junction%20solar%20cell" title="hetero-junction solar cell">hetero-junction solar cell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar%20cell" title=" solar cell"> solar cell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=substrate%20intrinsic%20carrier%20concentration" title=" substrate intrinsic carrier concentration"> substrate intrinsic carrier concentration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ZnO%2FSi" title=" ZnO/Si"> ZnO/Si</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61939/studying-the-effect-of-silicon-substrate-intrinsic-carrier-concentration-on-performance-of-znosi-solar-cells" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61939.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">601</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2453</span> Polysaccharide-Based Oral Delivery Systems for Site Specific Delivery in Gastro-Intestinal Tract</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kaarunya%20Sampathkumar">Kaarunya Sampathkumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Say%20Chye%20Joachim%20Loo"> Say Chye Joachim Loo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Oral delivery is regarded as the facile method for the administration of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) and drug carriers. In an initiative towards sustainable nanotechnology, an oral nano-delivery system has been developed that is made entirely of food-based materials and can also act as a site-specific delivery device depending on the stimulus encountered in different parts of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). The delivery system has been fabricated from food grade polysaccharide materials like chitosan and starch through electrospraying technique without the use of any organic solvents. A nutraceutical extracted from an Indian medicinal plant, has been loaded into the nano carrier to test its efficacy in encapsulation and stimuli based release of the active ingredient. The release kinetics of the nutraceutical from the carrier was evaluated in simulated gastric, intestinal and colonic fluid and was found to be triggered both by the enzymes and the pH in each part of the intestinal tract depending on the polysaccharide being used. The toxicity of the nanoparticles on the intestinal epithelial cells was tested and found to be relatively safe for up to 24 hours at a concentration of 0.2 mg/mL with cellular uptake also being observed. The developed nano carrier thus serves as a promising delivery vehicle for targeted delivery to different parts of the GIT with the inherent conditions of the GIT itself acting as the stimulus. In addition, being fabricated from food grade materials, the carrier could be potentially used for the targeted delivery of nutrients through functional foods. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bioavailability" title="bioavailability">bioavailability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chitosan" title=" chitosan"> chitosan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=delivery%20systems" title=" delivery systems"> delivery systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=encapsulation" title=" encapsulation"> encapsulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90354/polysaccharide-based-oral-delivery-systems-for-site-specific-delivery-in-gastro-intestinal-tract" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90354.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">213</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2452</span> Development of Wound Dressing System Based on Hydrogel Matrix Incorporated with pH-Sensitive Nanocarrier-Drug Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dagmara%20Malina">Dagmara Malina</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Katarzyna%20Bialik-W%C4%85s"> Katarzyna Bialik-Wąs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Klaudia%20Pluta"> Klaudia Pluta</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The growing significance of transdermal systems, in which skin is a route for systemic drug delivery, has generated a considerable amount of data which has resulted in a deeper understanding of the mechanisms of transport across the skin in the context of the controlled and prolonged release of active substances. One of such solutions may be the use of carrier systems based on intelligent polymers with different physicochemical properties. In these systems, active substances, e.g. drugs, can be conjugated (attached), immobilized, or encapsulated in a polymer matrix that is sensitive to specific environmental conditions (e.g. pH or temperature changes). Intelligent polymers can be divided according to their sensitivity to specific environmental stimuli such as temperature, pH, light, electric, magnetic, sound, or electromagnetic fields. Materials & methods—The first stage of the presented research concerned the synthesis of pH-sensitive polymeric carriers by a radical polymerization reaction. Then, the selected active substance (hydrocortisone) was introduced into polymeric carriers. In a further stage, bio-hybrid sodium alginate/poly(vinyl alcohol) – SA/PVA-based hydrogel matrices modified with various carrier-drug systems were prepared with the chemical cross-linking method. The conducted research included the assessment of physicochemical properties of obtained materials i.e. degree of hydrogel swelling and degradation studies as a function of pH in distilled water and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) at 37°C in time. The gel fraction represents the insoluble gel fraction as a result of inter-molecule cross-linking formation was also measured. Additionally, the chemical structure of obtained hydrogels was confirmed using FT-IR spectroscopic technique. The dynamic light scattering (DLS) technique was used for the analysis of the average particle size of polymer-carriers and carrier-drug systems. The nanocarriers morphology was observed using SEM microscopy. Results & Discussion—The analysis of the encapsulated polymeric carriers showed that it was possible to obtain the time-stable empty pH-sensitive carrier with an average size 479 nm and the encapsulated system containing hydrocortisone with an average 543 nm, which was introduced into hydrogel structure. Bio-hybrid hydrogel matrices are stable materials, and the presence of an additional component: pH-sensitive carrier – hydrocortisone system, does not reduce the degree of cross-linking of the matrix nor its swelling ability. Moreover, the results of swelling tests indicate that systems containing higher concentrations of the drug have a slightly higher sorption capacity in each of the media used. All analyzed materials show stable and statically changing swelling values in simulated body fluids - there is no sudden fluid uptake and no rapid release from the material. The analysis of FT-IR spectra confirms the chemical structure of the obtained bio-hybrid hydrogel matrices. In the case of modifications with a pH-sensitive carrier, a much more intense band can be observed in the 3200-3500 cm⁻¹ range, which most likely originates from the strong hydrogen interactions that occur between individual components. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrogels" title="hydrogels">hydrogels</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polymer%20nanocarriers" title=" polymer nanocarriers"> polymer nanocarriers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sodium%20alginate%2Fpoly%28vinyl%20alcohol%29%20matrices" title=" sodium alginate/poly(vinyl alcohol) matrices"> sodium alginate/poly(vinyl alcohol) matrices</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wound%20dressings." title=" wound dressings."> wound dressings.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144179/development-of-wound-dressing-system-based-on-hydrogel-matrix-incorporated-with-ph-sensitive-nanocarrier-drug-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144179.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">146</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2451</span> Preparation of Polymer-Stabilized Magnetic Iron Oxide as Selective Drug Nanocarriers to Human Acute Myeloid Leukemia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kheireddine%20El-Boubbou">Kheireddine El-Boubbou</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Drug delivery to target human acute myeloid leukemia (AML) using a nanoparticulate chemotherapeutic formulation that can deliver drugs selectively to AML cancer is hugely needed. In this work, we report the development of a nanoformulation made of polymeric-stabilized multifunctional magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (PMNP) loaded with the anticancer drug Doxorubicin (Dox) as a promising drug carrier to treat AML. Dox@PMNP conjugates simultaneously exhibited high drug content, maximized fluorescence, and excellent release properties. Nanoparticulate uptake and cell death following addition of Dox@PMNPs were then evaluated in different types of human AML target cells, as well as on normal human cells. While the unloaded MNPs were not toxic to any of the cells, Dox@PMNPs were found to be highly toxic to the different AML cell lines, albeit at different inhibitory concentrations (IC<sub>50</sub> values), but showed very little toxicity towards the normal cells. In comparison, free Dox showed significant potency concurrently to all the cell lines, suggesting huge potentials for the use of Dox@PMNPs as selective AML anticancer cargos. Live confocal imaging, fluorescence and electron microscopy confirmed that Dox is indeed delivered to the nucleus in relatively short periods of time, causing apoptotic cell death. Importantly, this targeted payload may potentially enhance the effectiveness of the drug in AML patients and may further allow physicians to image leukemic cells exposed to Dox@PMNPs using MRI. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnetic%20nanoparticles" title="magnetic nanoparticles">magnetic nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drug%20delivery" title=" drug delivery"> drug delivery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acute%20myeloid%20leukemia" title=" acute myeloid leukemia"> acute myeloid leukemia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=iron%20oxide" title=" iron oxide"> iron oxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cancer%20nanotherapy" title=" cancer nanotherapy"> cancer nanotherapy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65856/preparation-of-polymer-stabilized-magnetic-iron-oxide-as-selective-drug-nanocarriers-to-human-acute-myeloid-leukemia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65856.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">229</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2450</span> Preparation, Characterization, and in-Vitro Drug Release Study of Methotrexate-Loaded Hydroxyapatite-Sodium Alginate Nanocomposites</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Friday%20G.%20Okibe">Friday G. Okibe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Edit%20B.%20Agbaji"> Edit B. Agbaji</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Victor%20O.%20Ajibola"> Victor O. Ajibola</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christain%20C.%20Onoyima"> Christain C. Onoyima</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Controlled drug delivery systems reduce dose-dependent toxicity associated with potent drugs, including anticancer drugs. In this research, hydroxyapatite (HA) and hydroxyapatite-sodium alginate nanocomposites (HASA) were successfully prepared and characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The FTIR result showed absorption peaks characteristics of pure hydroxyapatite (HA), and also confirmed the chemical interaction between hydroxyapatite and sodium alginate in the formation of the composite. Image analysis from SEM revealed nano-sized hydroxyapatite and hydroxyapatite-sodium alginate nanocomposites with irregular morphologies. Particle size increased with the formation of the nanocomposites relative to pure hydroxyapatite, with no significant change in particles morphologies. Drug loading and in-vitro drug release study were carried out using synthetic body fluid as the release medium, at pH 7.4 and 37 °C and under perfect sink conditions. The result shows that drug loading is highest for pure hydroxyapatite and decreased with increasing quantity of sodium alginate. However, the release study revealed that HASA-5%wt and HASA-20%wt presented better release profile than pure hydroxyapatite, while HASA-33%wt and HASA-50%wt have poor release profiles. This shows that Methotrexate-loaded hydroxyapatite-sodium alginate if prepared under optimal conditions is a potential carrier for effective delivery of Methotrexate. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drug-delivery" title="drug-delivery">drug-delivery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydroxyapatite" title=" hydroxyapatite"> hydroxyapatite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=methotrexate" title=" methotrexate"> methotrexate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanocomposites" title=" nanocomposites"> nanocomposites</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sodium%20alginate" title=" sodium alginate"> sodium alginate</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53235/preparation-characterization-and-in-vitro-drug-release-study-of-methotrexate-loaded-hydroxyapatite-sodium-alginate-nanocomposites" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53235.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">277</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2449</span> In Silico Studies on Selected Drug Targets for Combating Drug Resistance in Plasmodium Falcifarum </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Deepika%20Bhaskar">Deepika Bhaskar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Neena%20Wadehra"> Neena Wadehra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Megha%20Gulati"> Megha Gulati</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aruna%20Narula"> Aruna Narula</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Vishnu"> R. Vishnu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gunjan%20Katyal"> Gunjan Katyal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With drug resistance becoming widespread in Plasmodium falciparum infections, development of the alternative drugs is the desired strategy for prevention and cure of malaria. Three drug targets were selected to screen promising drug molecules from the GSK library of around 14000 molecules. Using an in silico structure-based drug designing approach, the differences in binding energies of the substrate and inhibitor were exploited between target sites of parasite and human to design a drug molecule against Plasmodium. The docking studies have shown several promising molecules from GSK library with more effective binding as compared to the already known inhibitors for the drug targets. Though stronger interaction has been shown by several molecules as compare to reference, few molecules have shown the potential as drug candidates though in vitro studies are required to validate the results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plasmodium" title="plasmodium">plasmodium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=malaria" title=" malaria"> malaria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drug%20targets" title=" drug targets"> drug targets</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=in%20silico%20studies" title=" in silico studies"> in silico studies</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24319/in-silico-studies-on-selected-drug-targets-for-combating-drug-resistance-in-plasmodium-falcifarum" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24319.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">446</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drug%20carrier&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drug%20carrier&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drug%20carrier&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drug%20carrier&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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