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open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the numeric keypad on computer keyboards. For other number keypads, see <a href="/wiki/Keypad" title="Keypad">keypad</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Numeric_keypad" title="Special:EditPage/Numeric keypad">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Numeric+keypad%22">"Numeric keypad"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Numeric+keypad%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Numeric+keypad%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Numeric+keypad%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Numeric+keypad%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Numeric+keypad%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2008</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>A <b>numeric keypad</b>, <b>number pad</b>, <b>numpad</b>, or <b>ten key</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-WiseGeek_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WiseGeek-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-PasewarkKnowlton1995_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PasewarkKnowlton1995-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Stroman_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stroman-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is the palm-sized, usually-17-key section of a standard <a href="/wiki/Computer_keyboard" title="Computer keyboard">computer keyboard</a>, usually on the far right. It provides <a href="/wiki/Calculator" title="Calculator">calculator</a>-style efficiency for entering numbers. </p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Numpad.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Numpad.svg/220px-Numpad.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="270" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Numpad.svg/330px-Numpad.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Numpad.svg/440px-Numpad.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="333" data-file-height="409"></a><figcaption>Numeric keypad, integrated with keyboard</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Numpad.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Numpad.JPG/220px-Numpad.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Numpad.JPG/330px-Numpad.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Numpad.JPG/440px-Numpad.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048"></a><figcaption>Numeric keypad, as a separate unit. For use with a shorter keyboard or laptop which omits the numberpad</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Keypad-bluetooth_hg.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Keypad-bluetooth_hg.jpg/220px-Keypad-bluetooth_hg.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="311" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Keypad-bluetooth_hg.jpg/330px-Keypad-bluetooth_hg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Keypad-bluetooth_hg.jpg/440px-Keypad-bluetooth_hg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1815" data-file-height="2562"></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Bluetooth" title="Bluetooth">Bluetooth</a> numeric keypad, working also as <a href="/wiki/Calculator" title="Calculator">calculator</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The numpad's keys are digits <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1249182868">.mw-parser-output .keyboard-key{border:1px solid #aaa;border-radius:0.2em;box-shadow:0.1em 0.1em 0.2em rgba(0,0,0,0.1);background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);background-image:linear-gradient(to bottom,var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0),var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa),var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0));color:var(--color-base,#202122);padding:0.1em 0.3em;font-family:inherit;font-size:0.85em}</style><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">0</kbd> to <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">9</kbd>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">+</kbd> (<a href="/wiki/Addition" title="Addition">addition</a>), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">-</kbd> (<a href="/wiki/Subtraction" title="Subtraction">subtraction</a>), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">*</kbd> (<a href="/wiki/Multiplication" title="Multiplication">multiplication</a>), and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">/</kbd> (<a href="/wiki/Division_(mathematics)" title="Division (mathematics)">division</a>) symbols, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">.</kbd> (<a href="/wiki/Decimal_point" class="mw-redirect" title="Decimal point">decimal point</a>), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Num_Lock" title="Num Lock">Num Lock</a></kbd>, and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">↵ <a href="/wiki/Enter_key" title="Enter key">Enter</a></kbd> keys.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As smaller keyboards such as those found on <a href="/wiki/Laptop" title="Laptop">laptops</a> often lack a number pad, many companies sell separate numpads that can be connected to a device by means such as <a href="/wiki/USB" title="USB">USB</a>; some of these may include keys not found on a standard numpad, such as a <a href="/wiki/Spacebar" class="mw-redirect" title="Spacebar">spacebar</a> or a <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">00</kbd> (or <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">000</kbd>) key. </p><p>Sometimes it is necessary to distinguish between a key on the numpad and an equivalent key elsewhere on the keyboard. For example, depending on the <a href="/wiki/Software" title="Software">software</a> in use,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> pressing the numpad's <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">0</kbd> key may produce different results than pressing the <a href="/wiki/Computer_keyboard#Alphanumeric" title="Computer keyboard">alphanumeric</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">0</kbd> key.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In such cases, the numpad-specific key may be indicated as e.g. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">Numpad 0</kbd>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">NumPad0</kbd>,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">Num 0</kbd>, or likewise to remove ambiguity. </p><p>Numeric keypads usually operate in two modes. When Num Lock is off, keys <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">8</kbd>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">6</kbd>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">2</kbd>, and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">4</kbd> act like arrow/navigation keys up, right, down, and left; and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">7</kbd>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">9</kbd>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">3</kbd>, and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">1</kbd> act like <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Home_key" title="Home key">Home</a></kbd>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Page_Up_and_Page_Down_keys" title="Page Up and Page Down keys">PgUp</a></kbd>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Page_Up_and_Page_Down_keys" title="Page Up and Page Down keys">PgDn</a></kbd>, and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap"><a href="/wiki/End_key" title="End key">End</a></kbd>, respectively. When <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">Num Lock</kbd> is on, digit keys produce the corresponding digit. On <a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple</a> <a href="/wiki/Macintosh" class="mw-redirect" title="Macintosh">Macintosh</a> computers, which lack a <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">Num Lock</kbd> key, the numeric keypad always produces only numbers; the <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">Num Lock</kbd> key is replaced by the <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Clear_key" class="mw-redirect" title="Clear key">Clear</a></kbd> key. </p><p>The arrangement of digits on numeric keypads with the <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">7</kbd>-<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">8</kbd>-<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">9</kbd> keys two rows above the <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">1</kbd>-<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">2</kbd>-<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">3</kbd> keys is derived from <a href="/wiki/Calculator" title="Calculator">calculators</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cash_register" title="Cash register">cash registers</a>. It is notably different from the layout of <a href="/wiki/Telephone_keypad" title="Telephone keypad">telephone Touch-Tone keypads</a> which have the <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">1</kbd>-<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">2</kbd>-<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">3</kbd> keys on top and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">7</kbd>-<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">8</kbd>-<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">9</kbd> keys on the third row. </p><p>Numeric keypads are useful for entering long sequences of numbers quickly, such as in <a href="/wiki/Spreadsheet" title="Spreadsheet">spreadsheets</a>, financial/accounting programs, and calculators. Input in this style is similar to a calculator or <a href="/wiki/Adding_machine" title="Adding machine">adding machine</a>. </p><p>A numpad is also useful on <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Windows</a> <a href="/wiki/Personal_computer" title="Personal computer">PCs</a> for typing <a href="/wiki/Alt_code" title="Alt code">alt codes</a> for special symbols; for example, the degree symbol, °, can be typed on these computers with the sequence <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">Alt</kbd>+<kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">0</kbd>+<kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">1</kbd>+<kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">7</kbd>+<kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">6</kbd>. </p><p>To maintain their compact size, most laptops do not include a numeric keypad on their keyboard (though they can sometimes be found on larger models); even some desktop keyboards designed for compactness omit a numpad. To compensate, most such keyboards include <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">Num Lock</kbd> integrated into a function key (typically <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">F6</kbd> or <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">F8</kbd>) and then press keys like <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">7</kbd> to produce their numpad counterpart. </p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Measuring_speed"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Measuring speed</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Chinese_input_methods"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Chinese input methods</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Computer_games_and_mousing_alternative"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Computer games and mousing alternative</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#Notes"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Notes</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Measuring_speed">Measuring speed</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Numeric_keypad&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Measuring speed" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <p>Ten key speed is measured in Keystrokes per Hour (KPH). The minimum required speed for many <a href="/wiki/Data_entry_clerk" title="Data entry clerk">data entry jobs</a> is around 9000 KPH with good accuracy. A speed of 12,000 is considered excellent.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Chinese_input_methods">Chinese input methods</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Numeric_keypad&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Chinese input methods" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <p>The numeric keypad is used by some <a href="/wiki/Chinese_input_methods_for_computers" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese input methods for computers">systems for input of Chinese characters</a>, for example <a href="/wiki/CKC_Chinese_Input_System" title="CKC Chinese Input System">CKC Chinese Input System</a> and <a href="/wiki/Q9_input_method" title="Q9 input method">Q9 input method</a>. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Computer_games_and_mousing_alternative">Computer games and mousing alternative</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Numeric_keypad&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Computer games and mousing alternative" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Qwerty.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Qwerty.svg/450px-Qwerty.svg.png" decoding="async" width="450" height="217" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="799" data-file-height="385"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 450px;height: 217px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Qwerty.svg/450px-Qwerty.svg.png" data-width="450" data-height="217" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Qwerty.svg/675px-Qwerty.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Qwerty.svg/900px-Qwerty.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>A 104-key PC <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">US</a> <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> <a href="/wiki/QWERTY" title="QWERTY">QWERTY</a> keyboard layout with the <b>numeric keypad</b> at the far right.</figcaption></figure> <p>Numeric keypads are also used for playing some <a href="/wiki/Computer_game" class="mw-redirect" title="Computer game">computer games</a> where the player must control a character, such as <a href="/wiki/Roguelike" title="Roguelike">roguelikes</a>. Unlike <a href="/wiki/Arrow_key" class="mw-redirect" title="Arrow key">arrow keys</a>, the numeric keypad can allow for diagonal movement. For keyboards without a numeric keypad, some games provide alternative movement keys, such as classic <i><a href="/wiki/Rogue_(computer_game)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rogue (computer game)">Rogue</a>'s</i> <a href="/wiki/HJKL_keys" class="mw-redirect" title="HJKL keys">HJKL keys</a>. </p><p>The numeric keypad can also be an alternative to the <a href="/wiki/Arrow_keys#WASD_keys" title="Arrow keys">WASD</a> keys for navigation in computer gaming. This can be an attractive option for <a href="/wiki/Left-handed" class="mw-redirect" title="Left-handed">left-handed</a> people who prefer to use the <a href="/wiki/Mouse_(computing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mouse (computing)">mouse</a> with their left hand. </p><p>Most <a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">operating systems</a> have a <a href="/wiki/Mouse_keys" title="Mouse keys">mouse keys</a> <a href="/wiki/Computer_accessibility" title="Computer accessibility">accessibility</a> feature where mouse navigation can be done using the numeric keypad, with the other keys adapted to be <a href="/wiki/Mouse_button" title="Mouse button">mouse buttons</a>. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Numeric_keypad&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alphonse_Chapanis" title="Alphonse Chapanis">Alphonse Chapanis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaming_keypad" title="Gaming keypad">Gaming keypad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keypad" title="Keypad">Keypad</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Numeric_keypad&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Notes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">E.g. <a href="/wiki/Blender_(software)" title="Blender (software)">Blender</a> makes specific use of numpad keys for several <a href="/wiki/Keyboard_shortcuts" class="mw-redirect" title="Keyboard shortcuts">keyboard shortcuts</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">I.e. the <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">0</kbd> key above the letter keys and to the right of the <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1249182868"><kbd class="keyboard-key nowrap">9</kbd> key on a typical <a href="/wiki/QWERTY" title="QWERTY">QWERTY</a> keyboard.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">E.g. as defined in <a href="/wiki/C_Sharp_(programming_language)" title="C Sharp (programming language)">C#</a>'s <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-c# mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><span class="n">System</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">ConsoleKey</span></code> <a href="/wiki/Enumerated_type" title="Enumerated type">enumeration</a>:<sup id="cite_ref-ConsoleKey_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ConsoleKey-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-c# mw-content-ltr mw-highlight-lines" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="hll"><span class="linenos" data-line="106"></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">NumPad0</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span><span class="n">x60</span><span class="p">,</span> </span><span class="linenos" data-line="107"></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">NumPad1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span><span class="n">x61</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="linenos" data-line="108"></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">NumPad2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span><span class="n">x62</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="linenos" data-line="109"></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">NumPad3</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="m">0</span><span class="n">x63</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="linenos" data-line="110"></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">...</span> </pre></div></span> </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Numeric_keypad&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-WiseGeek-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WiseGeek_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wisegeek.org/what-is-a-ten-key.htm">"What Is a Ten Key? (with pictures)"</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=WiseGeek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="WiseGeek (page does not exist)">WiseGeek</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 January</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=WiseGeek&rft.atitle=What+Is+a+Ten+Key%3F+%28with+pictures%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wisegeek.org%2Fwhat-is-a-ten-key.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANumeric+keypad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PasewarkKnowlton1995-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PasewarkKnowlton1995_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPasewarkKnowlton1995" class="citation book cs1">Pasewark, William Robert; Knowlton, Todd (1995-01-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=eLzucpC8ZhMC"><i>Ten-Key Skill Builder for Computers</i></a>. South-Western Educational Pub. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780538629195" title="Special:BookSources/9780538629195"><bdi>9780538629195</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ten-Key+Skill+Builder+for+Computers&rft.pub=South-Western+Educational+Pub.&rft.date=1995-01-01&rft.isbn=9780538629195&rft.aulast=Pasewark&rft.aufirst=William+Robert&rft.au=Knowlton%2C+Todd&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DeLzucpC8ZhMC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANumeric+keypad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stroman-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Stroman_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStromanWilsonWauson2011" class="citation book cs1">Stroman, James; Wilson, Kevin; Wauson, Jennifer (2011-09-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=licD-9tqwX0C&pg=PA224"><i>Administrative Assistant's and Secretary's Handbook</i></a>. AMACOM Div American Mgmt Assn. p. 224. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780814417607" title="Special:BookSources/9780814417607"><bdi>9780814417607</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Administrative+Assistant%27s+and+Secretary%27s+Handbook&rft.pages=224&rft.pub=AMACOM+Div+American+Mgmt+Assn&rft.date=2011-09-01&rft.isbn=9780814417607&rft.aulast=Stroman&rft.aufirst=James&rft.au=Wilson%2C+Kevin&rft.au=Wauson%2C+Jennifer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlicD-9tqwX0C%26pg%3DPA224&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANumeric+keypad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://foldoc.org/Numeric+keypad">numeric keypad</a></i> at <a href="/wiki/FOLDOC" class="mw-redirect" title="FOLDOC">FOLDOC</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ConsoleKey-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ConsoleKey_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMicrosoft2019" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a> (23 May 2019) [2014]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/microsoft/referencesource/blob/e0bf122d0e52a42688b92bb4be2cfd66ca3c2f07/mscorlib/system/consolekey.cs#L106-L121">"mscorlib/system/consolekey.cs"</a>. <i>Microsoft/ReferenceSource repository</i>. <a href="/wiki/GitHub" title="GitHub">GitHub</a>. At line 106<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Microsoft%2FReferenceSource+repository&rft.atitle=mscorlib%2Fsystem%2Fconsolekey.cs&rft.pages=At+line+106&rft.date=2019-05-23&rft.au=Microsoft&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Fmicrosoft%2Freferencesource%2Fblob%2Fe0bf122d0e52a42688b92bb4be2cfd66ca3c2f07%2Fmscorlib%2Fsystem%2Fconsolekey.cs%23L106-L121&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANumeric+keypad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 30px;height: 40px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="30" data-height="40" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Numeric_keypads" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Numeric keypads">Numeric keypads</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <table class="keyboard" style="border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; background-color: #f8f9fa; padding: 5px;margin:auto; font-size:90%; text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" colspan="25" style="font-size:150%;padding:.25em 0;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1045256916">.mw-parser-output .navbar-header{text-align:center;position:relative;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .navbar-header .navbar{position:absolute;right:0;top:0;margin:0 5px}</style><div class="navbar-header"><a href="/wiki/IBM_PC_keyboard" title="IBM PC 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#666;padding:0 .2em;"><a href="/wiki/Function_key" title="Function key">F12</a> </td> <td style="width:0.2em;"> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #666;padding:0 .2em;background-color:#DADADA"><a href="/wiki/Print_Screen" title="Print Screen">PrtScn</a>/<br><a href="/wiki/System_request" title="System request">SysRq</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #666;padding:0 .2em;background-color:#DADADA"><a href="/wiki/Scroll_Lock" title="Scroll Lock">Scroll<br>Lock</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #666;padding:0 .2em;background-color:#DADADA"><a href="/wiki/Break_key" title="Break key">Pause</a>/<br><a href="/wiki/Break_key" title="Break key">Break</a> </td> <td style="width:0.2em;"> </td> <td style="width:30px;"> </td> <td style="width:30px;"> </td> <td style="width:30px;"> </td> <td style="width:30px;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="16" style="width:450px;height:0.5em;"> </td> <td> </td> <td colspan="3" style="width:100px;height:0.5em;"> </td> <td> </td> <td colspan="4" 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data-usemap="#ImageMap_b31cc62cf5a5ab67"> </span></span><map name="ImageMap_b31cc62cf5a5ab67"><area href="/wiki/Tilde" shape="rect" coords="0,0,30,15" alt="Tilde" title="Tilde"><area href="/wiki/Exclamation_mark" shape="rect" coords="30,0,60,15" alt="Exclamation mark" title="Exclamation mark"><area href="/wiki/At_sign" shape="rect" coords="60,0,90,15" alt="At sign" title="At sign"><area href="/wiki/Number_sign" shape="rect" coords="90,0,120,15" alt="Number sign" title="Number sign"><area href="/wiki/Dollar_sign" shape="rect" coords="120,0,150,15" alt="Dollar sign" title="Dollar sign"><area href="/wiki/Percent_sign" shape="rect" coords="150,0,180,15" alt="Percent sign" title="Percent sign"><area href="/wiki/Caret" shape="rect" coords="180,0,210,15" alt="Caret" title="Caret"><area href="/wiki/Ampersand" shape="rect" coords="210,0,240,15" alt="Ampersand" title="Ampersand"><area href="/wiki/Asterisk" shape="rect" coords="240,0,270,15" alt="Asterisk" title="Asterisk"><area 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coords="405,31,450,45" alt="Vertical bar" title="Vertical bar"><area href="/wiki/Tab_key" shape="rect" coords="0,31,45,60" alt="Tab key" title="Tab key"><area href="/wiki/Q" shape="rect" coords="45,31,75,60" alt="Q" title="Q"><area href="/wiki/W" shape="rect" coords="75,31,105,60" alt="W" title="W"><area href="/wiki/E" shape="rect" coords="105,31,135,60" alt="E" title="E"><area href="/wiki/R" shape="rect" coords="135,31,165,60" alt="R" title="R"><area href="/wiki/T" shape="rect" coords="165,31,195,60" alt="T" title="T"><area href="/wiki/Y" shape="rect" coords="195,31,225,60" alt="Y" title="Y"><area href="/wiki/U" shape="rect" coords="225,31,255,60" alt="U" title="U"><area href="/wiki/I" shape="rect" coords="255,31,285,60" alt="I" title="I"><area href="/wiki/O" shape="rect" coords="285,31,315,60" alt="O" title="O"><area href="/wiki/P" shape="rect" coords="315,31,345,60" alt="P" title="P"><area href="/wiki/Square_bracket" shape="rect" coords="345,31,375,60" alt="Square bracket" title="Square bracket"><area href="/wiki/Square_bracket" shape="rect" coords="375,31,405,60" alt="Square bracket" title="Square bracket"><area href="/wiki/Backslash" shape="rect" coords="405,31,450,60" alt="Backslash" title="Backslash"><area href="/wiki/Caps_lock" shape="rect" coords="0,61,53,75" alt="Caps lock" title="Caps lock"><area href="/wiki/A" shape="rect" coords="53,61,83,75" alt="A" title="A"><area href="/wiki/S" shape="rect" coords="83,61,113,75" alt="S" title="S"><area href="/wiki/D" shape="rect" coords="113,61,143,75" alt="D" title="D"><area href="/wiki/F" shape="rect" coords="143,61,173,75" alt="F" title="F"><area href="/wiki/G" shape="rect" coords="173,61,203,75" alt="G" title="G"><area href="/wiki/H" shape="rect" coords="203,61,233,75" alt="H" title="H"><area href="/wiki/J" shape="rect" coords="233,61,263,75" alt="J" title="J"><area href="/wiki/K" shape="rect" coords="263,61,293,75" alt="K" title="K"><area href="/wiki/L" shape="rect" coords="293,61,323,75" alt="L" title="L"><area href="/wiki/Colon_(punctuation)" shape="rect" coords="323,61,353,75" alt="Colon (punctuation)" title="Colon (punctuation)"><area href="/wiki/Quotation_mark" shape="rect" coords="353,61,383,75" alt="Quotation mark" title="Quotation mark"><area href="/wiki/Enter_key" shape="rect" coords="383,61,450,75" alt="Enter key" title="Enter key"><area href="/wiki/Caps_lock" shape="rect" coords="0,61,53,90" alt="Caps lock" title="Caps lock"><area href="/wiki/A" shape="rect" coords="53,61,83,90" alt="A" title="A"><area href="/wiki/S" shape="rect" coords="83,61,113,90" alt="S" title="S"><area href="/wiki/D" shape="rect" coords="113,61,143,90" alt="D" title="D"><area href="/wiki/F" shape="rect" coords="143,61,173,90" alt="F" title="F"><area href="/wiki/G" shape="rect" coords="173,61,203,90" alt="G" title="G"><area href="/wiki/H" shape="rect" coords="203,61,233,90" alt="H" title="H"><area href="/wiki/J" shape="rect" coords="233,61,263,90" alt="J" title="J"><area href="/wiki/K" shape="rect" coords="263,61,293,90" alt="K" title="K"><area href="/wiki/L" shape="rect" coords="293,61,323,90" alt="L" title="L"><area href="/wiki/Semicolon" shape="rect" coords="323,61,353,90" alt="Semicolon" title="Semicolon"><area href="/wiki/Apostrophe" shape="rect" coords="353,61,383,90" alt="Apostrophe" title="Apostrophe"><area href="/wiki/Enter_key" shape="rect" coords="383,61,450,90" alt="Enter key" title="Enter key"><area href="/wiki/Shift_key" shape="rect" coords="0,91,68,105" alt="Shift key" title="Shift key"><area href="/wiki/Z" shape="rect" coords="68,91,98,105" alt="Z" title="Z"><area href="/wiki/X" shape="rect" coords="98,91,128,105" alt="X" title="X"><area href="/wiki/C" shape="rect" coords="128,91,158,105" alt="C" title="C"><area href="/wiki/V" shape="rect" coords="158,91,188,105" alt="V" title="V"><area href="/wiki/B" shape="rect" coords="188,91,218,105" alt="B" title="B"><area href="/wiki/N" shape="rect" coords="218,91,248,105" alt="N" title="N"><area href="/wiki/M" shape="rect" coords="248,91,278,105" alt="M" title="M"><area href="/wiki/Bracket" shape="rect" coords="278,91,308,105" alt="Bracket" title="Bracket"><area href="/wiki/Bracket" shape="rect" coords="308,91,338,105" alt="Bracket" title="Bracket"><area href="/wiki/Question_mark" shape="rect" coords="338,91,368,105" alt="Question mark" title="Question mark"><area href="/wiki/Shift_key" shape="rect" coords="368,91,450,105" alt="Shift key" title="Shift key"><area href="/wiki/Shift_key" shape="rect" coords="0,91,68,120" alt="Shift key" title="Shift key"><area href="/wiki/Z" shape="rect" coords="68,91,98,120" alt="Z" title="Z"><area href="/wiki/X" shape="rect" coords="98,91,128,120" alt="X" title="X"><area href="/wiki/C" shape="rect" coords="128,91,158,120" alt="C" title="C"><area href="/wiki/V" shape="rect" coords="158,91,188,120" alt="V" title="V"><area href="/wiki/B" shape="rect" coords="188,91,218,120" alt="B" title="B"><area href="/wiki/N" shape="rect" coords="218,91,248,120" alt="N" title="N"><area href="/wiki/M" shape="rect" coords="248,91,278,120" alt="M" title="M"><area href="/wiki/Comma_(punctuation)" shape="rect" coords="278,91,308,120" alt="Comma (punctuation)" title="Comma (punctuation)"><area href="/wiki/Full_stop" shape="rect" coords="308,91,338,120" alt="Full stop" title="Full stop"><area href="/wiki/Slash_(punctuation)" shape="rect" coords="338,91,368,120" alt="Slash (punctuation)" title="Slash (punctuation)"><area href="/wiki/Shift_key" shape="rect" coords="368,91,450,120" alt="Shift key" title="Shift key"><area href="/wiki/Control_key" shape="rect" coords="0,121,45,150" alt="Control key" title="Control key"><area href="/wiki/Windows_key" shape="rect" coords="45,121,75,150" alt="Windows key" title="Windows key"><area href="/wiki/Alt_key" shape="rect" coords="75,121,120,150" alt="Alt key" title="Alt key"><area href="/wiki/Space_bar" shape="rect" coords="120,121,300,150" alt="Space bar" title="Space bar"><area href="/wiki/Alt_key" shape="rect" coords="300,121,345,150" alt="Alt key" title="Alt key"><area href="/wiki/Windows_key" shape="rect" coords="345,121,375,150" alt="Windows key" title="Windows key"><area href="/wiki/Menu_key" shape="rect" coords="375,121,405,150" alt="Menu key" title="Menu key"><area href="/wiki/Control_key" shape="rect" coords="405,121,450,150" alt="Control key" title="Control key"></map><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td rowspan="5"> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #666;padding:0 .2em;font-size:75%;background-color:#DADADA"><a href="/wiki/Insert_key" title="Insert key">Insert</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #666;padding:0 .2em;font-size:75%;background-color:#DADADA"><a href="/wiki/Home_key" title="Home key">Home</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #666;padding:0 .2em;font-size:75%;background-color:#DADADA"><a href="/wiki/Page_Up_and_Page_Down_keys" title="Page Up and Page Down keys">PgUp</a> </td> <td rowspan="5"> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #666;padding:0 .2em;font-size:75%;background-color:#DADADA"><a href="/wiki/Num_lock" class="mw-redirect" title="Num lock"><small>Num<br>Lock</small></a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #666;padding:0 .2em;line-height:2.2em;background-color:#DADADA"><a href="/wiki/Slash_(punctuation)" title="Slash (punctuation)">∕</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #666;padding:0 .2em;line-height:2.2em;background-color:#DADADA"><a href="/wiki/Asterisk" title="Asterisk">∗</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #666;padding:0 .2em;line-height:2.2em;background-color:#DADADA"><a href="/wiki/Minus_sign" class="mw-redirect" title="Minus sign">−</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:1px solid #666;padding:0 .2em;font-size:75%;background-color:#DADADA"><a href="/wiki/Delete_key" title="Delete key">Delete</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #666;padding:0 .2em;font-size:75%;background-color:#DADADA"><a href="/wiki/End_key" title="End key">End</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #666;padding:0 .2em;font-size:75%;background-color:#DADADA"><a href="/wiki/Page_Up_and_Page_Down_keys" title="Page Up and Page Down keys">PgDn</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #666;padding:0 .2em;line-height:2.2em;"><a href="/wiki/7" title="7">7</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #666;padding:0 .2em;line-height:2.2em;"><a href="/wiki/8" title="8">8</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #666;padding:0 .2em;line-height:2.2em;"><a href="/wiki/9" title="9">9</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid #666;padding:0 .2em;background-color:#DADADA"><a href="/wiki/Plus_sign" class="mw-redirect" title="Plus sign">+</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #666;padding:0 .2em;line-height:2.2em;"><a href="/wiki/4" title="4">4</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #666;padding:0 .2em;line-height:2.2em;"><a href="/wiki/5" title="5">5</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #666;padding:0 .2em;line-height:2.2em;"><a href="/wiki/6" title="6">6</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #666;padding:0 .2em;line-height:2.2em;background-color:#DADADA"><a href="/wiki/Arrow_keys" title="Arrow keys">↑</a> </td> <td> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #666;padding:0 .2em;line-height:2.2em;"><a href="/wiki/1" title="1">1</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #666;padding:0 .2em;line-height:2.2em;"><a href="/wiki/2" title="2">2</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #666;padding:0 .2em;line-height:2.2em;"><a href="/wiki/3" title="3">3</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="border:1px solid #666;padding:0 .2em;font-size:85%;background-color:#DADADA"><a href="/wiki/Enter_key" title="Enter key"><small>Enter</small></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:1px solid #666;padding:0 .2em;line-height:2.2em;background-color:#DADADA;"><a href="/wiki/Arrow_keys" title="Arrow keys">←</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #666;padding:0 .2em;line-height:2.2em;background-color:#DADADA"><a href="/wiki/Arrow_keys" title="Arrow keys">↓</a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #666;padding:0 .2em;line-height:2.2em;background-color:#DADADA"><a href="/wiki/Arrow_keys" title="Arrow keys">→</a> </td> <td colspan="2" style="border:1px solid #666;line-height:1em;padding:0 .1em;text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/0" title="0">0</a><br> <a href="/wiki/Insert_key" title="Insert key"><small>Ins</small></a> </td> <td style="border:1px solid #666;line-height:1.1em;padding:0 .1em;"> <a href="/wiki/Decimal_separator" title="Decimal separator">.</a> <br><a href="/wiki/Delete_key" title="Delete key"><small>Del</small></a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div>    </section></div> <noscript><img src="https://login.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&mobile=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" 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footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D8%AD%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B1%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%85" title="لوحة الأرقام – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لوحة الأرقام" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C9%99q%C9%99m_klaviaturas%C4%B1" title="Rəqəm klaviaturası – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Rəqəm klaviaturası" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Цифрова клавиатура – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Цифрова клавиатура" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teclat_num%C3%A8ric" title="Teclat numèric – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Teclat numèric" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numerick%C3%A1_kl%C3%A1vesnice_po%C4%8D%C3%ADta%C4%8De" title="Numerická klávesnice počítače – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Numerická klávesnice počítače" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numerisk_tastatur" title="Numerisk tastatur – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Numerisk tastatur" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziffernblock" title="Ziffernblock – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ziffernblock" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pav%C3%A9_num%C3%A9rique" title="Pavé numérique – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Pavé numérique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%88%AB%EC%9E%90_%ED%82%A4%ED%8C%A8%EB%93%9C" title="숫자 키패드 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="숫자 키패드" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talnabor%C3%B0" title="Talnaborð – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Talnaborð" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%B1%D3%A9%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA" title="Сандық бөлік – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Сандық бөлік" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vibonyezo_vya_mahesabu" title="Vibonyezo vya mahesabu – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Vibonyezo vya mahesabu" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%86%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AD%E3%83%BC" title="テンキー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="テンキー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klawiatura_numeryczna" title="Klawiatura numeryczna – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Klawiatura numeryczna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Цифровая клавиатура – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Цифровая клавиатура" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numeriskt_tangentbord" title="Numeriskt tangentbord – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Numeriskt tangentbord" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Цифрова клавіатура – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Цифрова клавіатура" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A0n_ph%C3%ADm_s%E1%BB%91" title="Bàn phím số – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Bàn phím số" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97%E9%94%AE%E7%9B%98" title="数字键盘 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="数字键盘" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 17 November 2024, at 16:42<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Content is available under <a class="external" rel="nofollow" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">CC BY-SA 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places" class="footer-places hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a 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