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From the beginning of the harvest until the rain from heaven poured down on the bodies, she did not allow the birds of the air to rest on them by day, nor the beasts of the field by night.</title><link rel="canonical" href="https://biblehub.com/2_samuel/21-10.htm" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/new9.css" type="text/css" media="Screen" /><meta property="og:image" content="https://biblehub.com/visuals/6/10_2Sa_21_10.jpg" /><meta property="og:title" content="2 Samuel 21:10 - David Avenges the Gibeonites" /><meta property="og:site_name" content="Bible Hub" /><meta property="og:description" content="And Rizpah the daughter of Aiah took sackcloth and spread it out for herself on a rock. From the beginning of the harvest until the rain from heaven poured down on the bodies, she did not allow the birds of the air to rest on them by day, nor the beasts of the field by night." /><script type="application/javascript" src="https://scripts.webcontentassessor.com/scripts/8a2459b64f9cac8122fc7f2eac4409c8555fac9383016db59c4c26e3d5b8b157"></script><script src='https://qd.admetricspro.com/js/biblehub/biblehub-layout-loader-revcatch.js'></script><script id='HyDgbd_1s' src='https://prebidads.revcatch.com/ads.js' type='text/javascript' async></script><script>(function(w,d,b,s,i){var cts=d.createElement(s);cts.async=true;cts.id='catchscript'; cts.dataset.appid=i;cts.src='https://app.protectsubrev.com/catch_rp.js?cb='+Math.random(); document.head.appendChild(cts); }) (window,document,'head','script','rc-anksrH');</script></head><body><div id="fx"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" id="fx2"><tr><td><iframe width="100%" height="30" scrolling="no" src="/vmenus/2_samuel/21-10.htm" align="left" frameborder="0"></iframe></td></tr></table></div><div id="blnk"></div><div align="center"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="maintable"><tr><td><div id="fx5"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" id="fx6"><tr><td><iframe width="100%" height="245" scrolling="no" src="/bmc/2_samuel/21-10.htm" frameborder="0"></iframe></td></tr></table></div></td></tr></table></div><div align="center"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="maintable3"><tr><td><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center" id="announce"><tr><td><div id="l1"><div id="breadcrumbs"><a href="/">Bible</a> > <a href="/2_samuel/">2 Samuel</a> > <a href="/2_samuel/21.htm">Chapter 21</a> > Verse 10</div><div id="anc"><iframe src="/anc.htm" width="100%" height="27" scrolling="no" frameborder="0"></iframe></div><div id="anc2"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"><tr><td><iframe src="/anc2.htm" width="100%" height="27" scrolling="no" frameborder="0"></iframe></td></tr></table></div></div><div id="ad1"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"><tr><td><iframe src="/ad10.htm" width="100%" height="48" scrolling="no" frameborder="0"></iframe></td></tr></table></div></td></tr></table><div id="movebox2"><table border="0" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr><td><div id="topheading"><a href="/2_samuel/21-9.htm" title="2 Samuel 21:9">◄</a> 2 Samuel 21:10 <a href="/2_samuel/21-11.htm" title="2 Samuel 21:11">►</a></div></tr></table></div><div align="center" class="maintable2"><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"><tr><td><div id="topverse"> <a href="#audio" class="clickchap2" title="Context and Audio Bible"> Audio </a> <a href="#crossref" class="clickchap2" title="Cross References"> Cross </a> <a href="#study" class="clickchap2" title="Study Bible"> Study </a> <a href="#commentary" class="clickchap2" title="Commentary"> Comm </a> <a href="#lexicon" class="clickchap2" title="Lexicon"> Heb </a> </div><div id="leftbox"><div class="padleft"><div class="vheadingv">Verse<a href="/bsb/2_samuel/21.htm" class="clickchap" style="color:#001320" title="Click any translation name for full chapter">  (Click for Chapter)</a></div><div id="par"><a href="/niv/2_samuel/21.htm">New International Version</a> Rizpah daughter of Aiah took sackcloth and spread it out for herself on a rock. From the beginning of the harvest till the rain poured down from the heavens on the bodies, she did not let the birds touch them by day or the wild animals by night. <a href="/nlt/2_samuel/21.htm">New Living Translation</a> Then Rizpah daughter of Aiah, the mother of two of the men, spread burlap on a rock and stayed there the entire harvest season. She prevented the scavenger birds from tearing at their bodies during the day and stopped wild animals from eating them at night. <a href="/esv/2_samuel/21.htm">English Standard Version</a> Then Rizpah the daughter of Aiah took sackcloth and spread it for herself on the rock, from the beginning of harvest until rain fell upon them from the heavens. And she did not allow the birds of the air to come upon them by day, or the beasts of the field by night. <a href="/bsb/2_samuel/21.htm">Berean Standard Bible</a> And Rizpah the daughter of Aiah took sackcloth and spread it out for herself on a rock. From the beginning of the harvest until the rain from heaven poured down on the bodies, she did not allow the birds of the air to rest on them by day, nor the beasts of the field by night. <a href="/kjv/2_samuel/21.htm">King James Bible</a> And Rizpah the daughter of Aiah took sackcloth, and spread it for her upon the rock, from the beginning of harvest until water dropped upon them out of heaven, and suffered neither the birds of the air to rest on them by day, nor the beasts of the field by night. <a href="/nkjv/2_samuel/21.htm">New King James Version</a> Now Rizpah the daughter of Aiah took sackcloth and spread it for herself on the rock, from the beginning of harvest until the late rains poured on them from heaven. And she did not allow the birds of the air to rest on them by day nor the beasts of the field by night. <a href="/nasb_/2_samuel/21.htm">New American Standard Bible</a> And Rizpah the daughter of Aiah took sackcloth and spread it out for herself on the rock, from the beginning of harvest until it rained on them from the sky; and she allowed neither the birds of the sky to rest on them by day nor the wild animals by night. <a href="/nasb/2_samuel/21.htm">NASB 1995</a> And Rizpah the daughter of Aiah took sackcloth and spread it for herself on the rock, from the beginning of harvest until it rained on them from the sky; and she allowed neither the birds of the sky to rest on them by day nor the beasts of the field by night. <a href="/nasb77/2_samuel/21.htm">NASB 1977 </a> And Rizpah the daughter of Aiah took sackcloth and spread it for herself on the rock, from the beginning of harvest until it rained on them from the sky; and she allowed neither the birds of the sky to rest on them by day nor the beasts of the field by night. <a href="/lsb/2_samuel/21.htm">Legacy Standard Bible </a> And Rizpah the daughter of Aiah took sackcloth and spread it for herself on the rock, from the beginning of harvest until it rained on them from the sky; and she allowed neither the birds of the sky to rest on them by day nor the beasts of the field by night. <a href="/amp/2_samuel/21.htm">Amplified Bible</a> Rizpah the daughter of Aiah took sackcloth and spread it out for herself on the rock, from the beginning of harvest [in the spring] until [the autumn] rain fell on them; and she allowed neither the birds of the sky to rest on their bodies by day, nor the beasts of the field [to feed on them] by night. <a href="/csb/2_samuel/21.htm">Christian Standard Bible</a> Rizpah, Aiah’s daughter, took sackcloth and spread it out for herself on the rock from the beginning of the harvest until the rain poured down from heaven on the bodies. She kept the birds of the sky from them by day and the wild animals by night. <a href="/hcsb/2_samuel/21.htm">Holman Christian Standard Bible</a> Rizpah, Aiah&#8217s daughter, took sackcloth and spread it out for herself on the rock from the beginning of the harvest until the rain poured down from heaven on the bodies. She kept the birds of the sky from them by day and the wild animals by night. <a href="/asv/2_samuel/21.htm">American Standard Version</a> And Rizpah the daughter of Aiah took sackcloth, and spread it for her upon the rock, from the beginning of harvest until water was poured upon them from heaven; and she suffered neither the birds of the heavens to rest on them by day, nor the beasts of the field by night. <a href="/cev/2_samuel/21.htm">Contemporary English Version</a> Rizpah spread out some sackcloth on a nearby rock. She wouldn't let the birds land on the bodies during the day, and she kept the wild animals away at night. She stayed there from the beginning of the harvest until it started to rain. <a href="/erv/2_samuel/21.htm">English Revised Version</a> And Rizpah the daughter of Aiah took sackcloth, and spread it for her upon the rock, from the beginning of harvest until water was poured upon them from heaven; and she suffered neither the birds of the air to rest on them by day, nor the beasts of the field by night. <a href="/gwt/2_samuel/21.htm">GOD'S WORD® Translation</a> Rizpah (Aiah's daughter) took sackcloth and stretched it out on the rock for herself from the beginning of the harvest until the sky rained on the dead bodies. She wouldn't let any birds land on them during the day or any wild animals come near them during the night. <a href="/gnt/2_samuel/21.htm">Good News Translation</a> Then Saul's concubine Rizpah, the daughter of Aiah, used sackcloth to make a shelter for herself on the rock where the corpses were, and she stayed there from the beginning of harvest until the autumn rains came. During the day she would keep the birds away from the corpses, and at night she would protect them from wild animals. <a href="/isv/2_samuel/21.htm">International Standard Version</a> Then Aiah's daughter Rizpah grabbed some sackcloth and spread it out for herself on the rock where her children had been hanged from the beginning of harvest until the first rain fell from the sky. She would not allow any scavenger birds to land on them during the day nor the beasts of the field to approach them at night. <a href="/msb/2_samuel/21.htm">Majority Standard Bible</a> And Rizpah the daughter of Aiah took sackcloth and spread it out for herself on a rock. From the beginning of the harvest until the rain from heaven poured down on the bodies, she did not allow the birds of the air to rest on them by day, nor the beasts of the field by night. <a href="/net/2_samuel/21.htm">NET Bible</a> Rizpah the daughter of Aiah took sackcloth and spread it out for herself on a rock. From the beginning of the harvest until the rain fell on them, she did not allow the birds of the air to feed on them by day, nor the wild animals by night. <a href="/nheb/2_samuel/21.htm">New Heart English Bible</a> And Rizpah the daughter of Aiah took sackcloth and spread it for herself on a rock, from the beginning of harvest until it rained on them from the sky. And she did not allow the birds of the sky to rest on them by day, nor the wild animals by night. <a href="/wbt/2_samuel/21.htm">Webster's Bible Translation</a> And Rizpah the daughter of Aiah took sackcloth, and spread it for her upon the rock, from the beginning of harvest until water dropped upon them out of heaven, and suffered neither the birds of the air to rest on them by day, nor the beasts of the field by night. <a href="/web/2_samuel/21.htm">World English Bible</a> Rizpah the daughter of Aiah took sackcloth and spread it for herself on the rock, from the beginning of harvest until water poured on them from the sky. She allowed neither the birds of the sky to rest on them by day, nor the animals of the field by night. <div class="vheading2">Literal Translations</div><a href="/lsv/2_samuel/21.htm">Literal Standard Version</a> And Rizpah daughter of Aiah takes the sackcloth, and stretches it out for herself on the rock, from the commencement of harvest until water has been poured out on them from the heavens, and has not permitted a bird of the heavens to rest on them by day, or the beast of the field by night. <a href="/ylt/2_samuel/21.htm">Young's Literal Translation</a> And Rizpah daughter of Aiah taketh the sackcloth, and stretcheth it out for herself on the rock, from the commencement of harvest till water hath been poured out upon them from the heavens, and hath not suffered a fowl of the heavens to rest upon them by day, or the beast of the field by night. <a href="/slt/2_samuel/21.htm">Smith's Literal Translation</a> And Rizpah the daughter of Aiah will take sackcloth and spread it for her upon the rock, from the beginning of harvest till water was given upon them from the heavens, and she gave not the birds of the heavens to rest upon them in the day and the beast of the field at night.<div class="vheading2">Catholic Translations</div><a href="/drb/2_samuel/21.htm">Douay-Rheims Bible</a> And Respha the daughter of Aia took haircloth, and spread it under her upon the rock from the beginning of the harvest, till water dropped upon them out of heaven: and suffered neither the birds to tear them by day, nor the beasts by night. <a href="/cpdv/2_samuel/21.htm">Catholic Public Domain Version</a> Then Rizpah, the daughter of Aiah, taking a haircloth, spread it under herself on a rock, from the beginning of the harvest until water dropped from heaven upon them. And she did not permit the birds to tear them by day, nor the beasts by night. <a href="/nabre/2_samuel/21.htm">New American Bible</a> Then Rizpah, Aiah’s daughter, took sackcloth and spread it out for herself on the rock from the beginning of the harvest until rain came down on them from the heavens, fending off the birds of the heavens from settling on them by day, and the wild animals by night. <a href="/nrsvce/2_samuel/21.htm">New Revised Standard Version</a> Then Rizpah the daughter of Aiah took sackcloth, and spread it on a rock for herself, from the beginning of harvest until rain fell on them from the heavens; she did not allow the birds of the air to come on the bodies by day, or the wild animals by night.<div class="vheading2">Translations from Aramaic</div><a href="/lamsa/2_samuel/21.htm">Lamsa Bible</a> And Rizpah the daughter of Aria took sackcloth and spread it under her upon the rock, from the beginning of the harvest until water dropped upon them from the heaven, and she did not let the birds of the air rest upon the bodies by day nor the wild beasts of the field by night. <a href="/hpbt/2_samuel/21.htm">Peshitta Holy Bible Translated</a> And Retspa, daughter of Ana, took sackcloth and she spread it on a rock from the beginning of the harvest until the waters from the sky descended upon them, and she did not allow the bird of the sky to alight upon them by day, neither the beast of the wilderness in the night<div class="vheading2">OT Translations</div><a href="/jps/2_samuel/21.htm">JPS Tanakh 1917</a> And Rizpah the daughter of Aiah took sackcloth, and spread it for her upon the rock, from the beginning of harvest until water was poured upon them from heaven; and she suffered neither the birds of the air to rest on them by day, nor the beasts of the field by night. <a href="/sep/2_samuel/21.htm">Brenton Septuagint Translation</a> And Respha the daughter of Aia took sackcloth, and fixed it for herself on the rock in the beginning of barley harvest, until water dropped upon them out of heaven: and she did not suffer the birds of the air to rest upon them by day, nor the beasts of the field by night. <a href="/parallel/2_samuel/21-10.htm">Additional Translations ...</a></div></div></div><div id="centbox"><div class="padcent"><a name="audio" id="audio"></a><div class="vheadingv">Audio Bible</div><iframe width="100%" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/_0ajZHUzMKw?start=6509" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" allowfullscreen></iframe> <div class="vheadingv">Context</div><a href="/bsb/2_samuel/21.htm">David Avenges the Gibeonites</a> …9And he delivered them into the hands of the Gibeonites, and they hanged them on the hill before the LORD. So all seven of them fell together; they were put to death in the first days of the harvest, at the beginning of the barley harvest. 10<a href="/hebrew/7532.htm" title="7532: riṣ·pāh (N-proper-fs) -- Concubine of Saul. The same as ritspah; Ritspah, an Israelitess.">And Rizpah</a> <a href="/hebrew/1323.htm" title="1323: ḇaṯ- (N-fsc) -- Daughter. From banah; a daughter.">the daughter</a> <a href="/hebrew/345.htm" title="345: ’ay·yāh (N-proper-ms) -- Falcon, the name of a Horite, also of an Isr. The same as 'ayah; Ajah, the name of two Israelites.">of Aiah</a> <a href="/hebrew/853.htm" title="853: ’eṯ- (DirObjM) -- Apparent contracted from 'owth in the demonstrative sense of entity; properly, self."></a> <a href="/hebrew/3947.htm" title="3947: wat·tiq·qaḥ (Conj-w:: V-Qal-ConsecImperf-3fs) -- To take. A primitive root; to take.">took</a> <a href="/hebrew/8242.htm" title="8242: haś·śaq (Art:: N-ms) -- Sack, sackcloth. From shaqaq; properly, a mesh, i.e. Coarse loose cloth or sacking; hence, a bag.">sackcloth</a> <a href="/hebrew/5186.htm" title="5186: wat·taṭ·ṭê·hū (Conj-w:: V-Hifil-ConsecImperf-3fs:: 3ms) -- A primitive root; to stretch or spread out; by implication, to bend away; used in a great variety of application.">and spread it out</a> <a href="/hebrew/lāh (Prep:: 3fs) -- ">for herself</a> <a href="/hebrew/413.htm" title="413: ’el- (Prep) -- To, into, towards. ">on</a> <a href="/hebrew/6697.htm" title="6697: haṣ·ṣūr (Art:: N-ms) -- Rock, cliff. Or tsur; from tsuwr; properly, a cliff; generally, a rock or boulder; figuratively, a refuge; also an edge.">a rock.</a> <a href="/hebrew/8462.htm" title="8462: mit·tə·ḥil·laṯ (Prep-m:: N-fsc) -- A beginning. From chalal in the sense of opening; a commencement; rel. Original.">From the beginning</a> <a href="/hebrew/7105.htm" title="7105: qā·ṣîr (N-ms) -- From qatsar; severed, i.e. Harvest, the crop, the time, the reaper, or figuratively; also a limb.">of the harvest</a> <a href="/hebrew/5704.htm" title="5704: ‘aḏ (Prep) -- As far as, even to, up to, until, while. Properly, the same as ad; as far as, whether of space or time or degree.">until</a> <a href="/hebrew/4325.htm" title="4325: ma·yim (N-mp) -- Waters, water. Dual of a primitive noun; water; figuratively, juice; by euphemism, urine, semen.">the rain</a> <a href="/hebrew/8064.htm" title="8064: haš·šā·mā·yim (Art:: N-mp) -- Heaven, sky. Dual of an unused singular shameh; from an unused root meaning to be lofty; the sky.">from heaven</a> <a href="/hebrew/5413.htm" title="5413: nit·taḵ- (V-Nifal-Perf-3ms) -- To pour forth, be poured out. A primitive root; to flow forth; by implication, to liquify.">poured down</a> <a href="/hebrew/5921.htm" title="5921: ‘ă·lê·hem (Prep:: 3mp) -- Properly, the same as al used as a preposition; above, over, upon, or against in a great variety of applications.">on the bodies,</a> <a href="/hebrew/4480.htm" title="4480: min- (Prep) -- From. Or minniy; or minney; for men; properly, a part of; hence, from or out of in many senses."></a> <a href="/hebrew/5414.htm" title="5414: nā·ṯə·nāh (V-Qal-Perf-3fs) -- To give, put, set. A primitive root; to give, used with greatest latitude of application.">she did not allow</a> <a href="/hebrew/3808.htm" title="3808: wə·lō- (Conj-w:: Adv-NegPrt) -- Not. Or lowi; or loh; a primitive particle; not; by implication, no; often used with other particles."></a> <a href="/hebrew/5775.htm" title="5775: ‘ō·wp̄ (N-msc) -- Flying creatures. From uwph; a bird, often collectively.">the birds</a> <a href="/hebrew/8064.htm" title="8064: haš·šā·ma·yim (Art:: N-mp) -- Heaven, sky. Dual of an unused singular shameh; from an unused root meaning to be lofty; the sky.">of the air</a> <a href="/hebrew/5117.htm" title="5117: lā·nū·aḥ (Prep-l:: V-Qal-Inf) -- To rest, i.e. settle down">to rest</a> <a href="/hebrew/5921.htm" title="5921: ‘ă·lê·hem (Prep:: 3mp) -- Properly, the same as al used as a preposition; above, over, upon, or against in a great variety of applications.">on them</a> <a href="/hebrew/3119.htm" title="3119: yō·w·mām (Adv) -- Daytime, by day. From yowm; daily.">by day,</a> <a href="/hebrew/853.htm" title="853: wə·’eṯ- (Conj-w:: DirObjM) -- Apparent contracted from 'owth in the demonstrative sense of entity; properly, self.">nor</a> <a href="/hebrew/2416.htm" title="2416: ḥay·yaṯ (N-fsc) -- Alive, raw, fresh, strong, life. From chayah; alive; hence, raw; fresh, strong; also life, whether literally or figuratively.">the beasts</a> <a href="/hebrew/7704.htm" title="7704: haś·śā·ḏeh (Art:: N-ms) -- Field, land. Or saday; from an unused root meaning to spread out; a field.">of the field</a> <a href="/hebrew/3915.htm" title="3915: lā·yə·lāh (N-ms) -- Night. Or leyl; also laylah; from the same as luwl; properly, a twist, i.e. Night; figuratively, adversity.">by night.</a> 11When David was told what Saul’s concubine Rizpah, daughter of Aiah, had done,…<div class="cred"><a href="//berean.bible">Berean Standard Bible</a> · <a href="//berean.bible/downloads.htm">Download</a></div> <a name="crossref" id="crossref"></a><div class="vheading">Cross References</div><div id="crf"><a href="/ruth/3-7.htm">Ruth 3:7</a> After Boaz had finished eating and drinking and was in good spirits, he went to lie down at the end of the heap of grain. Then Ruth went in secretly, uncovered his feet, and lay down. <a href="/deuteronomy/21-23.htm">Deuteronomy 21:23</a> you must not leave the body on the tree overnight, but you must be sure to bury him that day, because anyone who is hung on a tree is under God’s curse. You must not defile the land that the LORD your God is giving you as an inheritance. <a href="/genesis/40-19.htm">Genesis 40:19</a> Within three days Pharaoh will lift off your head and hang you on a tree. Then the birds will eat the flesh of your body.” <a href="/1_samuel/31-10.htm">1 Samuel 31:10-13</a> They put his armor in the temple of the Ashtoreths and hung his body on the wall of Beth-shan. / When the people of Jabesh-gilead heard what the Philistines had done to Saul, / all their men of valor set out, journeyed all night, and retrieved the bodies of Saul and his sons from the wall of Beth-shan. When they arrived at Jabesh, they burned the bodies there. ... <a href="/1_kings/21-13.htm">1 Kings 21:13</a> And the two scoundrels came in and sat opposite Naboth, and these men testified against him before the people, saying, “Naboth has cursed both God and the king!” So they took him outside the city and stoned him to death. <a href="/joshua/10-26.htm">Joshua 10:26-27</a> After this, Joshua struck down and killed the kings, and he hung their bodies on five trees and left them there until evening. / At sunset Joshua ordered that they be taken down from the trees and thrown into the cave in which they had hidden. Then large stones were placed against the mouth of the cave, and the stones are there to this day. <a href="/1_samuel/17-44.htm">1 Samuel 17:44-46</a> “Come here,” he called to David, “and I will give your flesh to the birds of the air and the beasts of the field!” / But David said to the Philistine, “You come against me with sword and spear and javelin, but I come against you in the name of the LORD of Hosts, the God of the armies of Israel, whom you have defied. / This day the LORD will deliver you into my hand. This day I will strike you down, cut off your head, and give the carcasses of the Philistine army to the birds of the air and the creatures of the earth. Then the whole world will know that there is a God in Israel. <a href="/2_samuel/3-35.htm">2 Samuel 3:35</a> Then all the people came and urged David to eat something while it was still day, but David took an oath, saying, “May God punish me, and ever so severely, if I taste bread or anything else before the sun sets!” <a href="/2_samuel/19-1.htm">2 Samuel 19:1-4</a> Then it was reported to Joab, “The king is weeping and mourning over Absalom.” / And that day’s victory was turned into mourning for all the people, because on that day they were told, “The king is grieving over his son.” / So they returned to the city quietly that day, as people steal away in humiliation after fleeing a battle. ... <a href="/2_kings/9-34.htm">2 Kings 9:34-37</a> Then Jehu went in and ate and drank. “Take care of this cursed woman,” he said, “and bury her, for she was the daughter of a king.” / But when they went out to bury her, they found nothing but her skull, her feet, and the palms of her hands. / So they went back and told Jehu, who replied, “This is the word of the LORD, which He spoke through His servant Elijah the Tishbite: ‘On the plot of ground at Jezreel the dogs will devour the flesh of Jezebel. ... <a href="/jeremiah/34-20.htm">Jeremiah 34:20</a> I will deliver into the hands of their enemies who seek their lives. Their corpses will become food for the birds of the air and the beasts of the earth. <a href="/ezekiel/39-17.htm">Ezekiel 39:17-20</a> And as for you, son of man, this is what the Lord GOD says: Call out to every kind of bird and to every beast of the field: ‘Assemble and come together from all around to the sacrificial feast that I am preparing for you, a great feast on the mountains of Israel. There you will eat flesh and drink blood. / You will eat the flesh of the mighty and drink the blood of the princes of the earth as though they were rams, lambs, goats, and bulls—all the fattened animals of Bashan. / At the sacrifice I am preparing, you will eat fat until you are gorged and drink blood until you are drunk. ... <a href="/matthew/27-52.htm">Matthew 27:52-53</a> The tombs broke open, and the bodies of many saints who had fallen asleep were raised. / After Jesus’ resurrection, when they had come out of the tombs, they entered the holy city and appeared to many people. <a href="/acts/5-30.htm">Acts 5:30</a> The God of our fathers raised up Jesus, whom you had killed by hanging Him on a tree. <a href="/acts/10-39.htm">Acts 10:39</a> We are witnesses of all that He did, both in the land of the Jews and in Jerusalem. And although they put Him to death by hanging Him on a tree,</div> <a name="tsk" id="tsk"><div class="vheading">Treasury of Scripture</div>And Rizpah the daughter of Aiah took sackcloth, and spread it for her on the rock, from the beginning of harvest until water dropped on them out of heaven, and suffered neither the birds of the air to rest on them by day, nor the beasts of the field by night.Rizpah<a href="/2_samuel/20-8.htm">2 Samuel 20:8</a> When they were at the great stone which is in Gibeon, Amasa went before them. And Joab's garment that he had put on was girded unto him, and upon it a girdle with a sword fastened upon his loins in the sheath thereof; and as he went forth it fell out.<a href="/2_samuel/3-7.htm">2 Samuel 3:7</a> And Saul had a concubine, whose name was Rizpah, the daughter of Aiah: and Ishbosheth said to Abner, Wherefore hast thou gone in unto my father's concubine?took sackcloth<a href="/1_kings/21-27.htm">1 Kings 21:27</a> And it came to pass, when Ahab heard those words, that he rent his clothes, and put sackcloth upon his flesh, and fasted, and lay in sackcloth, and went softly.<a href="/joel/1-18.htm">Joel 1:18</a> How do the beasts groan! the herds of cattle are perplexed, because they have no pasture; yea, the flocks of sheep are made desolate.from the<a href="/2_samuel/20-9.htm">2 Samuel 20:9</a> And Joab said to Amasa, Art thou in health, my brother? And Joab took Amasa by the beard with the right hand to kiss him.<a href="/deuteronomy/21-13.htm">Deuteronomy 21:13</a> And she shall put the raiment of her captivity from off her, and shall remain in thine house, and bewail her father and her mother a full month: and after that thou shalt go in unto her, and be her husband, and she shall be thy wife.<a href="/deuteronomy/11-14.htm">Deuteronomy 11:14</a> That I will give you the rain of your land in his due season, the first rain and the latter rain, that thou mayest gather in thy corn, and thy wine, and thine oil.<a href="/1_kings/18-41.htm">1 Kings 18:41-45</a> And Elijah said unto Ahab, Get thee up, eat and drink; for there is a sound of abundance of rain… <a href="/jeremiah/5-24.htm">Jeremiah 5:24,25</a> Neither say they in their heart, Let us now fear the LORD our God, that giveth rain, both the former and the latter, in his season: he reserveth unto us the appointed weeks of the harvest… the birds<a href="/genesis/40-19.htm">Genesis 40:19</a> Yet within three days shall Pharaoh lift up thy head from off thee, and shall hang thee on a tree; and the birds shall eat thy flesh from off thee.<a href="/ezekiel/39-4.htm">Ezekiel 39:4</a> Thou shalt fall upon the mountains of Israel, thou, and all thy bands, and the people that is with thee: I will give thee unto the ravenous birds of every sort, and to the beasts of the field to be devoured.<div class="vheading">Jump to Previous</div><a href="/2_samuel/21-8.htm">Aiah</a> <a href="/1_samuel/17-46.htm">Air</a> <a href="/judges/2-23.htm">Allowed</a> <a href="/1_samuel/17-46.htm">Animals</a> <a href="/1_samuel/17-46.htm">Beasts</a> <a href="/2_samuel/21-9.htm">Beginning</a> <a href="/1_samuel/26-20.htm">Birds</a> <a href="/2_samuel/21-8.htm">Daughter</a> <a href="/1_samuel/14-26.htm">Dropped</a> <a href="/2_samuel/20-12.htm">Field</a> <a href="/2_samuel/21-9.htm">Harvest</a> <a href="/2_samuel/18-9.htm">Heaven</a> <a href="/2_samuel/19-7.htm">Night</a> <a href="/2_samuel/13-9.htm">Poured</a> <a href="/2_samuel/17-29.htm">Rest</a> <a href="/2_samuel/21-8.htm">Rizpah</a> <a href="/1_samuel/24-3.htm">Rock</a> <a href="/2_samuel/3-31.htm">Sackcloth</a> <a href="/2_samuel/18-9.htm">Sky</a> <a href="/2_samuel/18-8.htm">Spread</a> <a href="/1_samuel/25-15.htm">Suffered</a> <a href="/2_samuel/17-21.htm">Water</a><div class="vheading2">Jump to Next</div><a href="/2_samuel/21-11.htm">Aiah</a> <a href="/2_samuel/22-11.htm">Air</a> <a href="/1_kings/1-48.htm">Allowed</a> <a href="/1_kings/4-33.htm">Animals</a> <a href="/1_kings/1-9.htm">Beasts</a> <a href="/2_kings/17-25.htm">Beginning</a> <a href="/1_kings/4-33.htm">Birds</a> <a href="/2_samuel/21-11.htm">Daughter</a> <a href="/2_kings/2-13.htm">Dropped</a> <a href="/2_samuel/23-11.htm">Field</a> <a href="/2_samuel/23-13.htm">Harvest</a> <a href="/2_samuel/22-8.htm">Heaven</a> <a href="/1_kings/3-5.htm">Night</a> <a href="/2_samuel/23-16.htm">Poured</a> <a href="/2_samuel/23-23.htm">Rest</a> <a href="/2_samuel/21-11.htm">Rizpah</a> <a href="/2_samuel/22-2.htm">Rock</a> <a href="/1_kings/20-31.htm">Sackcloth</a> <a href="/2_samuel/22-12.htm">Sky</a> <a href="/2_samuel/22-43.htm">Spread</a> <a href="/1_chronicles/16-21.htm">Suffered</a> <a href="/2_samuel/22-12.htm">Water</a><div class="vheading2">2 Samuel 21</div>1. <a href="/2_samuel/21-1.htm">The three year Gibeonite famine ceases, by hanging seven of Saul's sons.</a> 10. <a href="/2_samuel/21-10.htm">Rizpah's kindness unto the dead</a> 12. <a href="/2_samuel/21-12.htm">David buries the bones of Saul and Jonathan in his father's tomb</a> 15. <a href="/2_samuel/21-15.htm">Four battles against the Philistines, wherein four men of David slay four giants.</a> </div></div><div id="mdd"><div align="center"><div class="bot2"><table align="center" width="100%"><tr><td><div align="center"> <script id="3d27ed63fc4348d5b062c4527ae09445"> (new Image()).src = 'https://capi.connatix.com/tr/si?token=51ce25d5-1a8c-424a-8695-4bd48c750f35&cid=3a9f82d0-4344-4f8d-ac0c-e1a0eb43a405'; 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Rizpah, a concubine of King Saul, is introduced here as the daughter of Aiah, highlighting her lineage and connection to Saul's household. Sackcloth, a coarse material, was traditionally used in times of mourning and repentance, indicating Rizpah's deep sorrow and lamentation. The act of spreading it on a rock suggests a makeshift shelter or a place of vigil, symbolizing her steadfastness and dedication. This scene takes place in the context of a famine in Israel, attributed to Saul's breach of a covenant with the Gibeonites, leading to the execution of Saul's descendants. Rizpah's actions reflect a mother's love and a plea for justice and dignity for the deceased.From the beginning of the harvest until the rain from heaven poured down on the bodies, The timing from the beginning of the harvest until the rain signifies a prolonged period, likely several months, during which Rizpah maintained her vigil. The harvest marks a time of gathering and provision, contrasting with the desolation of the executed bodies. The rain from heaven is significant as it symbolizes divine intervention and the end of the famine, suggesting that God acknowledged the injustice and Rizpah's perseverance. This period also reflects the cultural and religious importance of proper burial rites in ancient Israel, which Rizpah sought for her sons.she did not allow the birds of the air to rest on them by day, nor the beasts of the field by night. Rizpah's vigilance in protecting the bodies from scavengers underscores her devotion and the cultural imperative to honor the dead. In ancient Near Eastern culture, exposure of bodies was a sign of disgrace, and preventing this was an act of respect and love. Her actions can be seen as a form of protest against the injustice done to her sons and a plea for their proper burial. This phrase also echoes the biblical theme of divine protection and care, as seen in other scriptures where God shields His people from harm. Rizpah's unwavering commitment serves as a poignant reminder of the power of maternal love and the quest for justice.<div class="vheading2">Persons / Places / Events</div>1. <a href="/topical/r/rizpah.htm">Rizpah</a> The daughter of Aiah and a concubine of King Saul. Her actions in this passage demonstrate deep maternal devotion and mourning. 2. <a href="/topical/t/the_rock.htm">The Rock</a> The location where Rizpah spread sackcloth and kept vigil over the bodies of her sons. It symbolizes a place of mourning and steadfastness. 3. <a href="/topical/t/the_harvest.htm">The Harvest</a> Marks the beginning of Rizpah's vigil, indicating a time of gathering and provision, yet juxtaposed with her personal loss and grief. 4. <a href="/topical/t/the_rain.htm">The Rain</a> Signifies the end of Rizpah's vigil and can be seen as a symbol of cleansing and divine intervention. 5. <a href="/topical/t/the_bodies.htm">The Bodies</a> Refers to the bodies of Rizpah's sons, who were executed as part of a retribution against Saul's house to atone for his breach of covenant with the Gibeonites.<div class="vheading2">Teaching Points</div><a href="/topical/d/devotion_in_grief.htm">Devotion in Grief</a> Rizpah's unwavering vigil teaches us about the power of love and devotion, even in the face of overwhelming sorrow. <a href="/topical/j/justice_and_mercy.htm">Justice and Mercy</a> The account highlights the tension between justice and mercy, urging us to consider how we balance these in our own lives. <a href="/topical/p/perseverance_in_prayer.htm">Perseverance in Prayer</a> Rizpah's persistence can inspire us to remain steadfast in prayer and faith, trusting in God's timing for resolution and healing. <a href="/topical/r/respect_for_the_dead.htm">Respect for the Dead</a> Her actions remind us of the importance of honoring the dignity of every human life, even after death. <a href="/topical/d/divine_intervention.htm">Divine Intervention</a> The rain symbolizes God's intervention and the hope that comes after a period of trial, encouraging us to trust in God's ultimate plan.<div class="vheading2">Lists and Questions</div><a href="/top10/lessons_from_2_samuel_21.htm">Top 10 Lessons from 2 Samuel 21</a> <a href="/q/who_was_rizpah_in_the_bible.htm">Who was Rizpah in the Bible?</a> <a href="/q/why_delay_burial_in_2_sam_21_9.htm">In 2 Samuel 21:9, how is the extended exposure of the corpses justified when Deuteronomy 21:22–23 calls for prompt burial? </a> <a href="/q/how_to_reconcile_goliath's_death_accounts.htm">How do we reconcile 2 Samuel 21:19 (attributing Goliath's death to Elhanan) with David's victory in 1 Samuel 17?</a> <a href="/q/who_killed_goliath.htm">Who killed Goliath? (1 Samuel 17:49 vs. 2 Samuel 21:19)</a><a name="commentary" id="commentary"></a><div class="vheading2"><a href="/commentaries/pulpit/2_samuel/21.htm">Pulpit Commentary</a></div>Verse 10. - Rizpah ... took sackcloth, and spread it for her upon the rock; rather, against the rock, so as to form a little hut or shelter to protect her from the glaring blaze of the sunshine. The word "upon" has led many commentators to suppose that she used it as a bed; but this is not the meaning of the Hebrew, though given by the Vulgate. The sackcloth was the loose wrapper or cloak which formed the outer dress of mourners. As regards the bodies of those crucified or impaled, the Law required that they should be taken down and buried that same evening (<a href="/deuteronomy/21-23.htm">Deuteronomy 21:23</a>). Here they remained exposed for six months, as a grim trophy of Gibeonite vengeance. Until water dropped upon them out of heaven; Hebrew, was poured upon them; until copious and heavy rains came. The outpouring of these rains would put an end to the famine, and be regarded as a proof that the wrath of Heaven was appeased. There is no reason for supposing that these rains came before the usual period, in autumn, which was about the middle of October. Thus, for six months, with no other protection than her mantle of sackcloth hung against the rock, this noble woman watched the decaying bodies of her loved ones, until at last her devoted conduct touched David's heart, and their remains were honourably interred. <a href="/commentaries/2_samuel/21-10.htm">Parallel Commentaries ...</a> <a name="lexicon" id="lexicon"></a><div class="vheading">Hebrew</div>And Rizpah רִצְפָּה֩ (riṣ·pāh) Noun - proper - feminine singular <a href="/hebrew/strongs_7532.htm">Strong's 7532: </a> Rizpah -- concubine of Saul the daughter בַת־ (ḇaṯ-) Noun - feminine singular construct <a href="/hebrew/strongs_1323.htm">Strong's 1323: </a> A daughter of Aiah אַיָּ֨ה (’ay·yāh) Noun - proper - masculine singular <a href="/hebrew/strongs_345.htm">Strong's 345: </a> Aiah -- 'falcon', the name of a Horite, also of an Israelite took וַתִּקַּ֣ח (wat·tiq·qaḥ) Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person feminine singular <a href="/hebrew/strongs_3947.htm">Strong's 3947: </a> To take sackcloth הַשַּׂ֜ק (haś·śaq) Article | Noun - masculine singular <a href="/hebrew/strongs_8242.htm">Strong's 8242: </a> A mesh, coarse loose cloth, sacking, a bag and spread it out וַתַּטֵּ֨הוּ (wat·taṭ·ṭê·hū) Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hifil - Consecutive imperfect - third person feminine singular | third person masculine singular <a href="/hebrew/strongs_5186.htm">Strong's 5186: </a> To stretch out, spread out, extend, incline, bend for herself לָ֤הּ (lāh) Preposition | third person feminine singular <a href="/hebrew/.htm">Strong's Hebrew</a> on אֶל־ (’el-) Preposition <a href="/hebrew/strongs_413.htm">Strong's 413: </a> Near, with, among, to a rock. הַצּוּר֙ (haṣ·ṣūr) Article | Noun - masculine singular <a href="/hebrew/strongs_6697.htm">Strong's 6697: </a> A cliff, a rock, boulder, a refuge, an edge From מִן־ (min-) Preposition <a href="/hebrew/strongs_4480.htm">Strong's 4480: </a> A part of, from, out of the beginning מִתְּחִלַּ֣ת (mit·tə·ḥil·laṯ) Preposition-m | Noun - feminine singular construct <a href="/hebrew/strongs_8462.htm">Strong's 8462: </a> A commencement, rel, original of the harvest קָצִ֔יר (qā·ṣîr) Noun - masculine singular <a href="/hebrew/strongs_7105.htm">Strong's 7105: </a> Severed, harvest, the crop, the time, the reaper, a limb until עַ֛ד (‘aḏ) Preposition <a href="/hebrew/strongs_5704.htm">Strong's 5704: </a> As far as, even to, up to, until, while the rain מַ֥יִם (ma·yim) Noun - masculine plural <a href="/hebrew/strongs_4325.htm">Strong's 4325: </a> Water, juice, urine, semen from heaven הַשָּׁמָ֑יִם (haš·šā·mā·yim) Article | Noun - masculine plural <a href="/hebrew/strongs_8064.htm">Strong's 8064: </a> Heaven, sky poured down נִתַּךְ־ (nit·taḵ-) Verb - Nifal - Perfect - third person masculine singular <a href="/hebrew/strongs_5413.htm">Strong's 5413: </a> To pour forth, be poured out on the bodies, עֲלֵיהֶ֖ם (‘ă·lê·hem) Preposition | third person masculine plural <a href="/hebrew/strongs_5921.htm">Strong's 5921: </a> Above, over, upon, against she did not allow נָתְנָה֩ (nā·ṯə·nāh) Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person feminine singular <a href="/hebrew/strongs_5414.htm">Strong's 5414: </a> To give, put, set the birds ע֨וֹף (‘ō·wp̄) Noun - masculine singular construct <a href="/hebrew/strongs_5775.htm">Strong's 5775: </a> Flying creatures of the air הַשָּׁמַ֜יִם (haš·šā·ma·yim) Article | Noun - masculine plural <a href="/hebrew/strongs_8064.htm">Strong's 8064: </a> Heaven, sky to rest לָנ֤וּחַ (lā·nū·aḥ) Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct <a href="/hebrew/strongs_5117.htm">Strong's 5117: </a> To rest, settle down on them עֲלֵיהֶם֙ (‘ă·lê·hem) Preposition | third person masculine plural <a href="/hebrew/strongs_5921.htm">Strong's 5921: </a> Above, over, upon, against by day, יוֹמָ֔ם (yō·w·mām) Adverb <a href="/hebrew/strongs_3119.htm">Strong's 3119: </a> Daytime, by day nor וְאֶת־ (wə·’eṯ-) Conjunctive waw | Direct object marker <a href="/hebrew/strongs_853.htm">Strong's 853: </a> Untranslatable mark of the accusative case the beasts חַיַּ֥ת (ḥay·yaṯ) Noun - feminine singular construct <a href="/hebrew/strongs_2416.htm">Strong's 2416: </a> Alive, raw, fresh, strong, life of the field הַשָּׂדֶ֖ה (haś·śā·ḏeh) Article | Noun - masculine singular <a href="/hebrew/strongs_7704.htm">Strong's 7704: </a> Field, land by night. לָֽיְלָה׃ (lā·yə·lāh) Noun - masculine singular <a href="/hebrew/strongs_3915.htm">Strong's 3915: </a> A twist, night, adversity <div class="vheading">Links</div><a href="/niv/2_samuel/21-10.htm">2 Samuel 21:10 NIV</a> <a href="/nlt/2_samuel/21-10.htm">2 Samuel 21:10 NLT</a> <a href="/esv/2_samuel/21-10.htm">2 Samuel 21:10 ESV</a> <a href="/nasb/2_samuel/21-10.htm">2 Samuel 21:10 NASB</a> <a href="/kjv/2_samuel/21-10.htm">2 Samuel 21:10 KJV</a> <a href="//bibleapps.com/2_samuel/21-10.htm">2 Samuel 21:10 BibleApps.com</a> <a href="//bibliaparalela.com/2_samuel/21-10.htm">2 Samuel 21:10 Biblia Paralela</a> <a href="//holybible.com.cn/2_samuel/21-10.htm">2 Samuel 21:10 Chinese Bible</a> <a href="//saintebible.com/2_samuel/21-10.htm">2 Samuel 21:10 French Bible</a> <a href="/catholic/2_samuel/21-10.htm">2 Samuel 21:10 Catholic Bible</a> <a href="/2_samuel/21-10.htm">OT History: 2 Samuel 21:10 Rizpah the daughter of Aiah took sackcloth (2Sa iiSam 2 Sam ii sam) </a></div></div></td></tr></table></div><div id="left"><a href="/2_samuel/21-9.htm" onmouseover='lft.src="/leftgif.png"' onmouseout='lft.src="/left.png"' title="2 Samuel 21:9"><img src="/left.png" name="lft" border="0" alt="2 Samuel 21:9" /></a></div><div id="right"><a href="/2_samuel/21-11.htm" onmouseover='rght.src="/rightgif.png"' onmouseout='rght.src="/right.png"' title="2 Samuel 21:11"><img src="/right.png" name="rght" border="0" alt="2 Samuel 21:11" /></a></div><div id="botleft"><a href="#" onmouseover='botleft.src="/botleftgif.png"' onmouseout='botleft.src="/botleft.png"' title="Top of Page"><img src="/botleft.png" name="botleft" border="0" alt="Top of Page" /></a></div><div id="botright"><a href="#" onmouseover='botright.src="/botrightgif.png"' onmouseout='botright.src="/botright.png"' title="Top of Page"><img src="/botright.png" name="botright" border="0" alt="Top of Page" /></a></div><div id="bot"><iframe width="100%" height="1500" scrolling="no" src="/botmenubhnew2.htm" frameborder="0"></iframe></div></td></tr></table></div></body></html>