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class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspetto"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Modifica la dimensione, la larghezza e il colore del testo" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Aspetto" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Aspetto</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=it.wikipedia.org&uselang=it" class=""><span>Fai una donazione</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:CreaUtenza&returnto=Muone" title="Si consiglia di registrarsi e di effettuare l'accesso, anche se non è obbligatorio" class=""><span>registrati</span></a> </li> 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mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Strumenti personali</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menu utente" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=it.wikipedia.org&uselang=it"><span>Fai una donazione</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:CreaUtenza&returnto=Muone" title="Si consiglia di registrarsi e di effettuare l'accesso, anche se non è obbligatorio"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>registrati</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:Entra&returnto=Muone" title="Si consiglia di effettuare l'accesso, anche se non è obbligatorio [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>entra</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pagine per utenti anonimi <a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Benvenuto" aria-label="Ulteriori informazioni sulla contribuzione"><span>ulteriori informazioni</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:MieiContributi" title="Un elenco delle modifiche fatte da questo indirizzo IP [y]" accesskey="y"><span>contributi</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:MieDiscussioni" title="Discussioni sulle modifiche fatte da questo indirizzo IP [n]" accesskey="n"><span>discussioni</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Sito"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Indice" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Indice</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">sposta nella barra laterale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inizio</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Storia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Storia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Storia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Storia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sorgenti_di_muoni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sorgenti_di_muoni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Sorgenti di muoni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sorgenti_di_muoni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Decadimento_del_muone" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Decadimento_del_muone"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Decadimento del muone</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Decadimento_del_muone-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Atomi_muonici" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Atomi_muonici"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Atomi muonici</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Atomi_muonici-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Note</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Bibliografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voci_correlate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voci_correlate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Voci correlate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Voci_correlate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Altri_progetti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Altri_progetti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Altri progetti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Altri_progetti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Collegamenti_esterni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Collegamenti esterni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Indice" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mostra/Nascondi l'indice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mostra/Nascondi l'indice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Muone</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vai a una voce in un'altra lingua. Disponibile in 71 lingue" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-71" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">71 lingue</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muon" title="Muon - afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Muon" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myon" title="Myon - tedesco svizzero" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Myon" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="tedesco svizzero" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%88%D9%86" title="ميوون - arabo" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ميوون" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muon" title="Muon - asturiano" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Muon" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myuon" title="Myuon - azerbaigiano" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Myuon" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaigiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8E%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Мюон - bielorusso" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Мюон" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorusso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8E%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Мюон - bulgaro" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Мюон" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%A8" title="মিউয়ন - bengalese" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মিউয়ন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muon" title="Muon - bretone" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Muon" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mion" title="Mion - bosniaco" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Mion" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mu%C3%B3" title="Muó - catalano" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Muó" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muonu" title="Muonu - corso" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Muonu" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="corso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mion" title="Mion - ceco" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Mion" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ceco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myon" title="Myon - danese" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Myon" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myon" title="Myon - tedesco" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Myon" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B9%CF%8C%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Μιόνιο - greco" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μιόνιο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muon" title="Muon - inglese" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Muon" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muono" title="Muono - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Muono" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muon" title="Muon - spagnolo" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Muon" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BC%C3%BCon" title="Müüon - estone" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Müüon" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muoi" title="Muoi - basco" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Muoi" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86" title="میون - persiano" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="میون" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myoni" title="Myoni - finlandese" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Myoni" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muon" title="Muon - francese" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Muon" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mu%C3%B3n" title="Muón - irlandese" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Muón" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mu%C3%B3n" title="Muón - galiziano" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Muón" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiziano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%95%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9F" title="מיואון - ebraico" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מיואון" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%91%E0%A4%A8" title="म्यूऑन - hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="म्यूऑन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mion" title="Mion - croato" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Mion" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croato" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCon" title="Müon - ungherese" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Müon" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungherese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B8%D5%B6" title="Մյուոն - armeno" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մյուոն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muon" title="Muon - interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Muon" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muon" title="Muon - indonesiano" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Muon" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9F%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC%E7%B2%92%E5%AD%90" title="ミュー粒子 - giapponese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ミュー粒子" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="giapponese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="მიუონი - georgiano" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მიუონი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8E%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Мюон - kazako" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Мюон" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazako" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AE%A4%EC%98%A8" title="뮤온 - coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="뮤온" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myon" title="Myon - latino" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Myon" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muon" title="Muon - limburghese" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Muon" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mu%C3%BAn" title="Muún - lombardo" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Muún" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miuonas" title="Miuonas - lituano" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Miuonas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mions" title="Mions - lettone" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Mions" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lettone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Мион - macedone" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Мион" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%93%E0%B5%BA" title="മ്യൂഓൺ - malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മ്യൂഓൺ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%91%E0%A4%A8" title="म्यूऑन - marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="म्यूऑन" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muon" title="Muon - malese" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Muon" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%BB%E1%80%B0%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA" title="မျူယွန် - birmano" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="မျူယွန်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myon" title="Myon - basso tedesco" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Myon" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="basso tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muon" title="Muon - olandese" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Muon" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="olandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myon" title="Myon - norvegese nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Myon" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegese nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myon" title="Myon - norvegese bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Myon" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegese bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muon" title="Muon - occitano" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Muon" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mion" title="Mion - polacco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Mion" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86" title="میون - Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="میون" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mu%C3%A3o" title="Muão - portoghese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Muão" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portoghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miuon" title="Miuon - rumeno" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Miuon" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8E%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Мюон - russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Мюон" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mion" title="Mion - serbo-croato" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Mion" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croato" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muon" title="Muon - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Muon" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mi%C3%B3n" title="Mión - slovacco" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Mión" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mion" title="Mion - sloveno" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Mion" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="sloveno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Мион - serbo" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Мион" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myon" title="Myon - svedese" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Myon" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svedese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muon" title="Muon - tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Muon" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCon" title="Müon - turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Müon" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8E%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Мюон - ucraino" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Мюон" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muon" title="Muon - vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Muon" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muon" title="Muon - waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Muon" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%E5%AD%90" title="Μ子 - wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="Μ子" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%E5%AD%90" title="Μ子 - cinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="Μ子" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="cinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muon" title="Muon - cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="Muon" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3151#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifica collegamenti interlinguistici" class="wbc-editpage">Modifica collegamenti</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespace"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Muone" title="Vedi la 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title="Elenco di tutte le pagine che sono collegate a questa [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Puntano qui</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:ModificheCorrelate/Muone" rel="nofollow" title="Elenco delle ultime modifiche alle pagine collegate a questa [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Modifiche correlate</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:PagineSpeciali" title="Elenco di tutte le pagine speciali [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Pagine speciali</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muone&oldid=141535035" title="Collegamento permanente a questa versione di questa pagina"><span>Link permanente</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muone&action=info" title="Ulteriori informazioni su questa pagina"><span>Informazioni pagina</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:Cita&page=Muone&id=141535035&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informazioni su come citare questa pagina"><span>Cita questa voce</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:UrlQ%C4%B1sald%C4%B1c%C4%B1s%C4%B1&url=https%3A%2F%2Fit.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMuone"><span>Ottieni URL breve</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:QrKodu&url=https%3A%2F%2Fit.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMuone"><span>Scarica codice QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Stampa/esporta </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:Libro&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Muone"><span>Crea un libro</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:DownloadAsPdf&page=Muone&action=show-download-screen"><span>Scarica come PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muone&printable=yes" title="Versione stampabile di questa pagina [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versione stampabile</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In altri progetti </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Muons" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3151" title="Collegamento all'elemento connesso dell'archivio dati [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Elemento Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Strumenti pagine"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspetto"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aspetto</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">sposta nella barra laterale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Da Wikipedia, l'enciclopedia libera.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="it" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox sinottico" summary="Tabella sinottica che riassume i principali dati del soggetto"><tbody><tr class="sinottico_testata"><th colspan="2" style="background:#bfdfff">Muone</th></tr><tr><td class="sinottico_testo_centrale" colspan="2"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:CMS_muon_chambers.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/CMS_muon_chambers.jpg/225px-CMS_muon_chambers.jpg" decoding="async" width="225" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/CMS_muon_chambers.jpg/337px-CMS_muon_chambers.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/CMS_muon_chambers.jpg/450px-CMS_muon_chambers.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1944" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr><th>Classificazione</th><td><a href="/wiki/Particella_elementare" title="Particella elementare">Particella elementare</a> </td></tr><tr><th>Famiglia</th><td><a href="/wiki/Fermioni" class="mw-redirect" title="Fermioni">Fermioni</a> </td></tr><tr><th>Gruppo</th><td><a href="/wiki/Leptoni" class="mw-redirect" title="Leptoni">Leptoni</a> </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Generazione_(fisica)" title="Generazione (fisica)">Generazione</a></th><td>Seconda </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Interazioni_fondamentali" title="Interazioni fondamentali">Interazioni</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/Interazione_elettromagnetica" title="Interazione elettromagnetica">Elettromagnetica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Interazione_gravitazionale" title="Interazione gravitazionale">gravitazionale</a>, <a href="/wiki/Interazione_debole" title="Interazione debole">debole</a> </td></tr><tr><th>Simbolo</th><td><span style="white-space:nowrap">μ<sup>−</sup></span> </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Antiparticella" title="Antiparticella">Antiparticella</a></th><td>Antimuone (<span style="white-space:nowrap">μ<sup>+</sup></span>) </td></tr><tr><th>Scoperta</th><td><a href="/wiki/Carl_David_Anderson" title="Carl David Anderson">Carl D. Anderson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Seth_Neddermeyer" title="Seth Neddermeyer">Seth Neddermeyer</a> (1936) </td></tr><tr class="sinottico_divisione"><th colspan="2" style="background:#bfdfff">Proprietà fisiche</th></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Massa_a_riposo" title="Massa a riposo">Massa</a></th><td>105,658 3755(23) <a href="/wiki/MeV" class="mw-redirect" title="MeV">MeV</a>/<a href="/wiki/Velocit%C3%A0_della_luce" title="Velocità della luce">c</a><sup>2</sup><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Vita_media" title="Vita media">Vita media</a></th><td><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6994219703400000000♠"></span>2,197034(21)<span style="margin-left:0.25em;margin-right:0.15em;">×</span>10<sup>−6</sup> <a href="/wiki/Secondo" title="Secondo">s</a></span><sup id="cite_ref-Nakamura_2010_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nakamura_2010-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr><tr><th>Prodotti di decadimento</th><td><a href="/wiki/Elettrone" title="Elettrone"><span style="white-space:nowrap">e<sup>−</sup></span></a> + <a href="/wiki/Neutrino_elettronico" title="Neutrino elettronico"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span style="text-decoration:overline;">ν</span><sub>e</sub></span></a> + <a href="/wiki/Neutrino_muonico" title="Neutrino muonico"><span style="white-space:nowrap">ν<sub>μ</sub></span></a> (più comune) </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Carica_elementare" title="Carica elementare">Carica elettrica</a></th><td>−1 <a href="/wiki/Carica_elementare" title="Carica elementare">e</a> </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Carica_di_colore" title="Carica di colore">Carica di colore</a></th><td>No </td></tr><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Spin" title="Spin">Spin</a></th><td>½ </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Il <b>muone</b> (dalla lettera <a href="/wiki/Lingua_greca" title="Lingua greca">greca</a> μ) è una <a href="/wiki/Particella_elementare" title="Particella elementare">particella elementare</a> con <a href="/wiki/Carica_elettrica" title="Carica elettrica">carica elettrica</a> negativa e <a href="/wiki/Spin" title="Spin">spin</a> pari a 1/2; avendo spin semiintero, appartiene alla famiglia dei <a href="/wiki/Fermione" title="Fermione">fermioni</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nel <a href="/wiki/Modello_standard" title="Modello standard">modello standard</a> appartiene, come l'<a href="/wiki/Elettrone" title="Elettrone">elettrone</a>, il <a href="/wiki/Tauone" title="Tauone">tauone</a> e i <a href="/wiki/Neutrini" class="mw-redirect" title="Neutrini">neutrini</a>, al gruppo dei <a href="/wiki/Leptoni" class="mw-redirect" title="Leptoni">leptoni</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Storicamente fu catalogato come <a href="/wiki/Mesone" title="Mesone">mesone</a> con il termine di "mesone mu". È indicato con il simbolo <span style="white-space:nowrap">μ<sup>−</sup></span> (mentre la sua <a href="/wiki/Antiparticella" title="Antiparticella">antiparticella</a>, l'<a href="/wiki/Antimuone" class="mw-redirect" title="Antimuone">antimuone</a>, è indicato con il simbolo <span style="white-space:nowrap">μ<sup>+</sup></span>). </p><p>Il muone è il secondo nel gruppo dei leptoni carichi e ha una <a href="/wiki/Massa_a_riposo" title="Massa a riposo">massa a riposo</a> di 105,7 MeV/<i>c</i><sup>2</sup>, circa 207 volte la massa dell'elettrone, ma circa 1/17 di quella del tauone. Dal momento che le sue interazioni sono simili, può essere pensato come un elettrone pesante. Tuttavia, per via della <a href="/wiki/Massa_(fisica)" title="Massa (fisica)">massa</a> molto maggiore, i muoni subiscono un'accelerazione meno intensa quando incontrano un <a href="/wiki/Campo_elettromagnetico" title="Campo elettromagnetico">campo elettromagnetico</a> e, quando vengono rallentati, emettono una radiazione di <a href="/wiki/Bremsstrahlung" title="Bremsstrahlung">bremsstrahlung</a> di minore intensità; emettendo meno energia come radiazione, risultano di conseguenza più penetranti (anche più dei raggi X) e possono attraversare chilometri di rocce e per questo hanno applicazioni anche in <a href="/wiki/Geologia" title="Geologia">geologia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Il muone ha una vita media di 2,2 µs, ben maggiore di quella del tauone (~3×10<sup>−13</sup> s). </p><p>La sua antiparticella, il muone positivo <span style="white-space:nowrap">μ<sup>+</sup></span>, è la particella che funge da <a href="/wiki/Nucleo_atomico" title="Nucleo atomico">nucleo</a> nell'<a href="/wiki/Atomo_esotico" title="Atomo esotico">atomo esotico</a> <a href="/wiki/Muonio_(fisica)" title="Muonio (fisica)">muonio</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap">μ<sup>+</sup></span>e<sup>−</sup>).<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Come nel caso di tutti i leptoni <a href="/wiki/Carica_elettrica" title="Carica elettrica">carichi</a>, esiste un <a href="/wiki/Neutrino_muonico" title="Neutrino muonico">neutrino muonico</a> appartenente alla stessa generazione, indicato con ν<sub>μ</sub>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Storia">Storia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muone&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la sezione Storia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muone&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Storia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>I muoni furono scoperti da <a href="/wiki/Carl_David_Anderson" title="Carl David Anderson">Carl David Anderson</a> e dal suo studente <a href="/wiki/Seth_Neddermeyer" title="Seth Neddermeyer">Seth Neddermeyer</a> nel <a href="/wiki/1936" title="1936">1936</a>: mentre studiavano i <a href="/wiki/Raggi_cosmici" title="Raggi cosmici">raggi cosmici</a> essi notarono che, nell'attraversare un <a href="/wiki/Campo_magnetico" title="Campo magnetico">campo magnetico</a>, alcune particelle deviavano la propria traiettoria in maniera diversa dagli elettroni e da altre particelle note; in particolare, venivano deflesse con una curvatura minore rispetto agli elettroni, ma maggiore rispetto ai <a href="/wiki/Protone" title="Protone">protoni</a>. Si assunse che la carica di queste nuove particelle fosse identica a quella dell'elettrone e, per giustificarne la differente deflessione, si ritenne che avessero una massa intermedia (un valore compreso tra la massa del protone e dell'elettrone). </p><p>Per questa ragione, Anderson e Neddermayer chiamarono la nuova particella <i>mesotrone</i>, adottando il prefisso <i>meso-</i>, dal greco <i>intermedio</i>. Di lì a poco furono scoperte nuove particelle con massa intermedia e per indicarle fu usato il termine <i>mesone</i>. Per distinguere tra i vari mesoni, il mesotrone fu ribattezzato <i>mesone mu</i> (con la lettera greca <i>μ</i> (<i>mu</i>) utilizzata per ricordare il suono della lettera <i>m</i>). </p><p>Tuttavia, si scoprì che il mesone mu differiva significativamente dagli altri mesoni; per esempio, dal suo decadimento sono emessi un <a href="/wiki/Neutrino" title="Neutrino">neutrino</a> e un <a href="/wiki/Antineutrino" title="Antineutrino">antineutrino</a>, piuttosto che l'uno o l'altro, come osservato per gli altri mesoni. Si comprese in seguito come gli altri mesoni fossero <a href="/wiki/Adrone" title="Adrone">adroni</a>, cioè particelle composte da <a href="/wiki/Quark_(particella)" title="Quark (particella)">quark</a>, soggette dunque alla <a href="/wiki/Forza_nucleare_forte" class="mw-redirect" title="Forza nucleare forte">forza nucleare forte</a>. Nel modello dei quark, ogni mesone è composto da due quark. Si determinò, con un esperimento realizzato nel 1945 da <a href="/wiki/Oreste_Piccioni" title="Oreste Piccioni">Oreste Piccioni</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ettore_Pancini" title="Ettore Pancini">Ettore Pancini</a> e <a href="/wiki/Marcello_Conversi" title="Marcello Conversi">Marcello Conversi</a>, che i mesoni mu erano particelle prive di interazioni nucleari e quindi più simili all'elettrone (leptoni). Si determinò dunque che i mesoni mu non erano affatto <a href="/wiki/Mesone" title="Mesone">mesoni</a> (nel nuovo senso del termine), e così il termine <i>mesone</i> fu rimpiazzato da <i>muone</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sorgenti_di_muoni">Sorgenti di muoni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muone&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la sezione Sorgenti di muoni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muone&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Sorgenti di muoni"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La maggior parte dei muoni che raggiungono la Terra è prodotta dai <a href="/wiki/Raggi_cosmici" title="Raggi cosmici">raggi cosmici</a>: quando penetrano negli strati superiori dell'<a href="/wiki/Atmosfera" title="Atmosfera">atmosfera</a>, generano <a href="/wiki/Pione" title="Pione">pioni</a>, che a loro volta decadono in muoni e <a href="/wiki/Neutrino" title="Neutrino">neutrini</a>. I muoni così prodotti si muovono a grande velocità, sicché la loro vita media osservata dalla Terra è maggiore di quella osservata in un sistema nel quale essi sono in quiete, in accordo con la dilatazione <a href="/wiki/Tempo" title="Tempo">temporale</a> prevista dalla <a href="/wiki/Teoria_della_relativit%C3%A0_ristretta" class="mw-redirect" title="Teoria della relatività ristretta">teoria della relatività ristretta</a>. Grazie a questo fenomeno, così come mostrato nell'<a href="/wiki/Esperimento_di_Bruno_Rossi_e_David_B._Hall" title="Esperimento di Bruno Rossi e David B. Hall">esperimento di Bruno Rossi e David B. Hall</a> del 1940, una frazione consistente dei muoni prodotti nell'alta atmosfera riesce a raggiungere la superficie terrestre prima di decadere, ed è possibile rilevarli al suolo. La medesima reazione è utilizzata dai fisici delle particelle per produrre fasci di muoni, come quello utilizzato per l'esperimento <a href="/wiki/Muon_g%E2%88%922" title="Muon g−2">Muon g−2</a>. La misura più precisa del momento magnetico del muone è stata ottenuta dal Brookhaven National Laboratory<sup id="cite_ref-G.W._Bennett_et_al._8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-G.W._Bennett_et_al.-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Decadimento_del_muone">Decadimento del muone</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muone&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la sezione Decadimento del muone" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muone&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Decadimento del muone"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>I muoni sono, dopo gli elettroni, le particelle cariche più leggere e perciò ciascuno di essi può decadere soltanto in un elettrone e in altre particelle di carica complessiva nulla. Quasi tutte le volte, essi decadono in un elettrone, un antineutrino elettronico e in un neutrino muonico. Gli antimuoni decadono invece in un positrone, in un neutrino elettronico e in un antineutrino muonico. </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mu ^{-}\to e^{-}+{\bar {\nu }}_{e}+\nu _{\mu },~~~\mu ^{+}\to e^{+}+\nu _{e}+{\bar {\nu }}_{\mu }}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msup> <mi>μ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <msup> <mi>e</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>ν</mi> <mo stretchy="false">¯</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>e</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>ν</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>μ</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <mtext> </mtext> <mtext> </mtext> <mtext> </mtext> <msup> <mi>μ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>+</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <msup> <mi>e</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>+</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>ν</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>e</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>ν</mi> <mo stretchy="false">¯</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>μ</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mu ^{-}\to e^{-}+{\bar {\nu }}_{e}+\nu _{\mu },~~~\mu ^{+}\to e^{+}+\nu _{e}+{\bar {\nu }}_{\mu }}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/32a04c213245bea3a091aaade995956e9b7ccda4" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:41.752ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mu ^{-}\to e^{-}+{\bar {\nu }}_{e}+\nu _{\mu },~~~\mu ^{+}\to e^{+}+\nu _{e}+{\bar {\nu }}_{\mu }}"></span>.</dd></dl> <p>Raramente sono presenti anche un fotone e una coppia elettrone-positrone nel processo di decadimento. </p><p>Al laboratorio di ricerca internazionale situato a Villigen in Svizzera, Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), è in corso d'opera l'esperimento MEG che ha come obiettivo di misurare la larghezza di decadimento del muone positivo in positrone e fotone che aprirebbe la strada allo studio di nuova fisica. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Atomi_muonici">Atomi muonici</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muone&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la sezione Atomi muonici" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muone&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Atomi muonici"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Il muone fu la seconda <a href="/wiki/Particella_elementare" title="Particella elementare">particella elementare</a> osservata che non entrasse a far parte della composizione degli <a href="/wiki/Atomo" title="Atomo">atomi</a> ordinari, dopo il positrone. I muoni negativi possono tuttavia formare <i>atomi muonici</i> sostituendosi agli elettroni negli ordinari atomi. Tale tipo di atomi risulta molto più piccolo del solito a causa della grande massa del muone stesso. </p><p>Un muone positivo, quando si mescola con la materia ordinaria, può formare, insieme ad un elettrone, un atomo di <a href="/wiki/Muonio_(fisica)" title="Muonio (fisica)">muonio</a> (Mu), in cui il muone funge da <i>nucleo</i>. Tale sostanza, in verità, non rientra nella definizione formale di <a href="/wiki/Atomo" title="Atomo">atomo</a> chimico, sebbene ne condivida tutte le proprietà. La <a href="/wiki/Massa_ridotta" title="Massa ridotta">massa ridotta</a> del muonio, quindi il suo <a href="/wiki/Raggio_di_Bohr" title="Raggio di Bohr">raggio di Bohr</a>, è molto vicino a quello dell'<a href="/wiki/Idrogeno" title="Idrogeno">idrogeno</a>; quindi questo "atomo" dalla vita breve si comporta chimicamente (in prima approssimazione) come i suoi isotopi più pesanti, <a href="/wiki/Idrogeno" title="Idrogeno">idrogeno</a>, <a href="/wiki/Deuterio" title="Deuterio">deuterio</a> e <a href="/wiki/Trizio" title="Trizio">trizio</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muone&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifica la sezione Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muone&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?mmuc2mev">https://physics.nist.gov/cgi-bin/cuu/Value?mmuc2mev</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nakamura_2010-2"><a href="#cite_ref-Nakamura_2010_2-0"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">K. Nakamura et al. (<a href="/wiki/Particle_Data_Group" title="Particle Data Group">Particle Data Group</a>), J. Phys. G 37, 075021 (2010), URL: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://pdg.lbl.gov">http://pdg.lbl.gov</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation pubblicazione" style="font-style:normal"> Richard M. Weiner, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevD.87.055003"><span style="font-style:italic;">Spin-statistics-quantum number connection and supersymmetry</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;">Physical Review D</span>, vol. 87, n. 5, 4 marzo 2013, pp. 055003, <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">DOI</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1103%2FPhysRevD.87.055003">10.1103/PhysRevD.87.055003</a>. <small>URL consultato il 23 luglio 2024</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/Particles/lepton.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">Leptons</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu</span>. <small>URL consultato il 23 luglio 2024</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://muon-solutions.com/about-us/about-muon-particles-and-muography/"><span style="font-style:italic;">About Muon Particles and Muography – Muon Solutions</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">muon-solutions.com</span>. <small>URL consultato il 23 luglio 2024</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cms.cern/content/muon-tomography"><span style="font-style:italic;">Muon Tomography | CMS Experiment</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">cms.cern</span>. <small>URL consultato il 23 luglio 2024</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation pubblicazione" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) Vernon W. Hughes, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-642-77960-2_8"><span style="font-style:italic;">Muonium</span></a>, in Klaus Jungmann, Vernon W. Hughes, Gisbert zu Putlitz (a cura di), <span style="font-style:italic;">The Future of Muon Physics</span>, Springer, 1992, pp. 35–43, <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">DOI</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1007%2F978-3-642-77960-2_8">10.1007/978-3-642-77960-2_8</a>. <small>URL consultato il 23 luglio 2024</small>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-G.W._Bennett_et_al.-8"><a href="#cite_ref-G.W._Bennett_et_al._8-0"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"> G.W. Bennett et al. , Phys. Rev.D73, 072003 (2006) </span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muone&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifica la sezione Bibliografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muone&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Bibliografia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>S.H. Neddermeyer and C.D. Anderson, "Note on the Nature of Cosmic-Ray Particles", Phys. Rev. 51, 884-886 (1937). Testo integrale disponibile in <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r140554517">.mw-parser-output .chiarimento{background:#ffeaea;color:#444444}.mw-parser-output .chiarimento-apice{color:#EE0700}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .chiarimento{background:rgba(179,36,36,0.21);color:inherit}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .chiarimento-apice{color:#b32424}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .chiarimento{background:rgba(179,36,36,0.21);color:inherit}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .chiarimento-apice{color:#b32424}}</style><span class="chiarimento" title="A volte può capitare che un link presente su Wikipedia non sia più raggiungibile. Se possibile ritrova il link e inserisci il collegamento corretto, comunque non rimuovere il collegamento e inserisci il template {{Collegamento interrotto}}"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://prola.aps.org/pdf/PR/v51/i10/p884_1"><i>PDF</i></a></span><sup class="noprint chiarimento-apice" title="A volte può capitare che un link presente su Wikipedia non sia più raggiungibile. 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width:9%;background:#e6e6ff"><b><a href="/wiki/Bosone_(fisica)" title="Bosone (fisica)">Bosoni</a></b></th><td colspan="1"><table class="subnavbox"><tbody><tr><th class="subnavbox_group" style="width:5em;font-weight:normal;width:12%;background:#e6e6ff"><a href="/wiki/Bosone_di_gauge" title="Bosone di gauge">Gauge</a></th><td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Fotone" title="Fotone">Fotone</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Gluone" title="Gluone">Gluone</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Bosoni_W_e_Z" title="Bosoni W e Z">Bosoni W e Z</a></td></tr><tr><th class="subnavbox_group" style="width:5em;font-weight:normal;width:12%;background:#e6e6ff"><a href="/wiki/Bosone_scalare" title="Bosone scalare">Scalari</a></th><td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Bosone_di_Higgs" title="Bosone di Higgs">Bosone di Higgs</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th class="subnavbox_group" style="width:5em;font-weight:normal; width:9%;background:#e6e6ff"><a href="/wiki/Lista_delle_particelle" class="mw-redirect" title="Lista delle particelle">Ipotetiche</a></th><td colspan="1"><table class="subnavbox"><tbody><tr><th class="subnavbox_group" style="font-weight:normal;width:12%;background:#e6e6ff"><a href="/wiki/Sparticella" title="Sparticella">Sparticelle</a></th><td colspan="1"><table class="subnavbox"><tbody><tr><th class="subnavbox_group" style="font-weight:normal;width:8%;background:#e6e6ff"><a href="/wiki/Gaugino" title="Gaugino">Gaugini</a></th><td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Gluino" class="mw-redirect" title="Gluino">Gluino</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Gravitino" class="mw-redirect" title="Gravitino">Gravitino</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Fotino" class="mw-redirect" title="Fotino">Fotino</a></td></tr><tr><th class="subnavbox_group" style="font-weight:normal;width:8%;background:#e6e6ff">Altre</th><td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Axino" title="Axino">Axino</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Chargino" title="Chargino">Chargino</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Higgsino" class="mw-redirect" title="Higgsino">Higgsino</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Neutralino" title="Neutralino">Neutralino</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Sfermione" title="Sfermione">Sfermione</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Bosino_(particella)" title="Bosino (particella)">Bosino</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th class="subnavbox_group" style="font-weight:normal;width:12%;background:#e6e6ff">Altre</th><td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Assione" title="Assione">Assione</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Dilatone" title="Dilatone">Dilatone</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Gravitone" title="Gravitone">Gravitone</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Monopolo_magnetico" title="Monopolo magnetico">Monopolo magnetico</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Majorone" title="Majorone">Majorone</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Tachione" title="Tachione">Tachione</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Bosoni_X_e_Y" title="Bosoni X e Y">Bosoni X e Y</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Bosoni_W%27_e_Z%27" title="Bosoni W' e Z'">bosoni W' e Z'</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Neutrino_sterile" title="Neutrino sterile">Neutrino sterile</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Preone_(fisica)" title="Preone (fisica)">Preone</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Fermione_di_Majorana" title="Fermione di Majorana">Fermione di Majorana</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th class="subnavbox_group" style="width:5em;font-weight:normal; width:9%;background:#e6e6ff"><b>Altre</b></th><td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Ghost_di_Faddeev-Popov" title="Ghost di Faddeev-Popov">Ghost di Faddeev-Popov</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td rowspan="3" class="navbox_image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Modello_Standard_delle_Particelle_Elementari.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Modello_Standard_delle_Particelle_Elementari.svg/400px-Modello_Standard_delle_Particelle_Elementari.svg.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="383" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Modello_Standard_delle_Particelle_Elementari.svg/600px-Modello_Standard_delle_Particelle_Elementari.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Modello_Standard_delle_Particelle_Elementari.svg/800px-Modello_Standard_delle_Particelle_Elementari.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1390" data-file-height="1330" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group" style="width:5em;font-weight:normal; width:10%"><b><a href="/wiki/Stato_legato" class="mw-redirect" title="Stato legato">Composte</a></b></th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_even" style="background:transparent"><table class="subnavbox"><tbody><tr><th class="subnavbox_group" style="width:5em;font-weight:normal; width:9%;background:#e6e6ff"><b><a href="/wiki/Adrone" title="Adrone">Adroni</a></b></th><td colspan="1"><table class="subnavbox"><tbody><tr><th class="subnavbox_group" style="width:5em;font-weight:normal; width:12%;background:#e6e6ff"><a href="/wiki/Barione" title="Barione">Barioni</a>/ <a href="/wiki/Iperone_(fisica)" title="Iperone (fisica)">iperoni</a></th><td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Nucleone" title="Nucleone">Nucleone</a> (<a href="/wiki/Protone" title="Protone">Protone</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Neutrone" title="Neutrone">Neutrone</a>)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Barione_delta" title="Barione delta">Barione delta</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Barione_lambda" title="Barione lambda">Barione lambda</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Barione_sigma" title="Barione sigma">Barione sigma</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Barione_Xi" title="Barione Xi">Barione Xi</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Barione_omega" title="Barione omega">Barione omega</a></td></tr><tr><th class="subnavbox_group" style="width:5em;font-weight:normal; width:12%;background:#e6e6ff"><a href="/wiki/Mesone" title="Mesone">Mesoni</a>/ <a href="/wiki/Quarkonio" title="Quarkonio">quarkoni</a></th><td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Pione" title="Pione">Pione</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Mesone_rho" title="Mesone rho">Mesone rho</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Mesone_eta" title="Mesone eta">Mesoni eta e eta primo</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Mesone_phi" title="Mesone phi">Mesone phi</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Mesone_omega" title="Mesone omega">Mesone omega</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Mesone_J/Psi" title="Mesone J/Psi">Mesone J/Psi</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Mesone_upsilon" title="Mesone upsilon">Mesone upsilon</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Kaone" title="Kaone">Kaone</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Mesone_B" title="Mesone B">Mesone B</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Mesone_D" title="Mesone D">Mesone D</a></td></tr><tr><th class="subnavbox_group" style="width:5em;font-weight:normal; width:12%;background:#e6e6ff"><a href="/wiki/Adrone_esotico" title="Adrone esotico">Adroni esotici</a></th><td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Tetraquark" title="Tetraquark">Tetraquark</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Pentaquark" title="Pentaquark">Pentaquark</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th class="subnavbox_group" style="width:5em;font-weight:normal; width:9%;background:#e6e6ff"><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Particelle_composte_ipotetiche" title="Categoria:Particelle composte ipotetiche">Ipotetiche</a></th><td colspan="1"><table class="subnavbox"><tbody><tr><th class="subnavbox_group" style="font-weight:normal; width:12%;background:#e6e6ff"><a href="/wiki/Barione_esotico" title="Barione esotico">Barioni esotici</a></th><td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Esaquark" title="Esaquark">Esaquark</a></td></tr><tr><th class="subnavbox_group" style="font-weight:normal; width:12%;background:#e6e6ff"><a href="/wiki/Mesone_esotico" title="Mesone esotico">Mesoni esotici</a></th><td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Glueball" title="Glueball">Glueball</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Odderone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Odderone (la pagina non esiste)">Odderone</a>)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Mesone_theta" title="Mesone theta">Mesone theta</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Mesone_T" title="Mesone T">Mesone T</a></td></tr><tr><th class="subnavbox_group" style="font-weight:normal; width:12%;background:#e6e6ff">Altre</th><td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Molecola_mesonica" title="Molecola mesonica">Molecola mesonica</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Pomerone" title="Pomerone">Pomerone</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th class="subnavbox_group" style="width:5em;font-weight:normal; width:9%;background:#e6e6ff"><b>Altre</b></th><td colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Nucleo_atomico" title="Nucleo atomico">Nuclei atomici</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Atomo" title="Atomo">Atomi</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Atomo_esotico" title="Atomo esotico">Atomi esotici</a> (<a href="/wiki/Positronio" title="Positronio">Positronio</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Muonio_(fisica)" title="Muonio (fisica)">Muonio</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Tauonio" class="mw-redirect" title="Tauonio">Tauonio</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Pionio" title="Pionio">Pionio</a>)<b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Atomolecola" title="Atomolecola">Atomolecole</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Molecola" title="Molecola">Molecole</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Superatomo" title="Superatomo">Superatomo</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group" style="width:5em;font-weight:normal; width:10%"><b><a href="/wiki/Quasiparticella" title="Quasiparticella">Quasiparticelle</a></b></th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_odd" style="background:transparent"><a href="/wiki/Droplettone" title="Droplettone">Droplettone</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Eccitone" title="Eccitone">Eccitone</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Fasone" title="Fasone">Fasone</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Frattone_(particella)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frattone (particella) (la pagina non esiste)">Frattone</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Fonone" title="Fonone">Fonone</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Lacuna_(fisica)" title="Lacuna (fisica)">Lacuna</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Levitone" title="Levitone">Levitone</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Magnone_(fisica)" title="Magnone (fisica)">Magnone</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Plasmarone&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plasmarone (la pagina non esiste)">Plasmarone</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Plasmone" title="Plasmone">Plasmone</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Polaritone" title="Polaritone">Polaritone</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Polarone" title="Polarone">Polarone</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Qualunquone" title="Qualunquone">Qualunquone</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Rotone" title="Rotone">Rotone</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Skyrmione" title="Skyrmione">Skyrmione</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Skyrmione_magnetico" title="Skyrmione magnetico">Skyrmione magnetico</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Solitone" title="Solitone">Solitone</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Solitone_di_Davydov" title="Solitone di Davydov">Solitone di Davydov</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Spinone_(fisica)" title="Spinone (fisica)">Spinone</a><b> ·</b> <a href="/wiki/Topolaritone" title="Topolaritone">Topolaritone</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="3" class="navbox_abovebelow"><a href="/wiki/Cronologia_della_scoperta_delle_particelle" title="Cronologia della scoperta delle particelle">Cronologia della scoperta delle particelle</a></th></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r140554510">.mw-parser-output .CdA{border:1px solid #aaa;width:100%;margin:auto;font-size:90%;padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#f2f2f2;font-weight:bold;width:20%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .CdA{border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#202122}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .CdA{border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#202122}}</style><table class="CdA"><tbody><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Controllo_di_autorit%C3%A0" title="Aiuto:Controllo di autorità">Controllo di autorità</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/Nuovo_soggettario" title="Nuovo soggettario">Thesaurus BNCF</a> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thes.bncf.firenze.sbn.it/termine.php?id=72009">72009</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; 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