Culture - The Japan Times

<!DOCTYPE html> <html itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/WebPage" lang="en" xml:lang="en"> <head> <title> Culture - The Japan Times </title> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/theme_japantimes/images/favicon.ico"/> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <meta name="ROBOTS" content="index,follow"> <meta name="language" content="en"> <meta name="copyright" content="The Japan Times"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, maximum-scale=1"> <meta name="robots" content="noarchive"> <meta name="description" content="Features and news on arts, music, film, books and entertainment in Japan and overseas, as well as listings for concerts, film, art, stage, events and festivals." /> <meta name="keywords" content="Japan news, breaking news, Japan" /> <meta name='viewport' content='width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=1.0, user-scalable=0' > <meta property="og:title" content="Culture"/> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_US"> <meta property="og:type" content="website" /> <meta property="og:description" content="Features and news on arts, music, film, books and entertainment in Japan and overseas, as well as listings for concerts, film, art, stage, events and festivals." /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/culture/" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="The Japan Times "/> <meta property="og:updated_time" content="2024-11-28T17:52:26+09:00"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/theme_japantimes/images/no-image.png" /> <meta property="og:image:secure_url" content="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/theme_japantimes/images/no-image.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1285"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="857"> <meta property="og:image:alt" content="The Japan Times"> <meta property="og:image:type" content="image/jpeg"> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Culture"> <meta name="twitter:description" content="Features and news on arts, music, film, books and entertainment in Japan and overseas, as well as listings for concerts, film, art, stage, events and festivals."> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@japantimes"> <meta name="twitter:creator" content="@japantimes"> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/theme_japantimes/images/no-image.png"> <meta name="DC.title" lang="en" content="Culture" /> <meta name="DC.description" lang="en" content="Features and news on arts, music, film, books and entertainment in Japan and overseas, as well as listings for concerts, film, art, stage, events and festivals."/> <meta name="DC.date" content="2024-11-28" /> <meta name="DC.date.issued" content="2024-11-28" /> <meta name="DC.creator" content="The Japan Times" /> <meta name="DC.publisher" content="The Japan Times" /> <meta name="DC.language" content="en" /> <link href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/culture" rel="canonical" /> <script async id="ebx" src="//applets.ebxcdn.com/ebx.js" data-applet-id="tscqcttc"></script> <script type='application/ld+json'> { "keywords": "[Japan news, breaking news, Japan]", "headline": "Culture", "description": "Features and news on arts, music, film, books and entertainment in Japan and overseas, as well as listings for concerts, film, art, stage, events and festivals.", "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "Website", "inLanguage":"en", "url": "https://www.japantimes.co.jp/culture", "sameAs": ["https://twitter.com/japantimes","https://www.facebook.com/thejapantimes","https://www.instagram.com/thejapantimes/?hl=en","https://www.linkedin.com/company/the-japan-times"], "@id": "https://www.japantimes.co.jp/#organization", "name": "The Japan Times", "logo": "https://www.japantimes.co.jp/theme_japantimes/images/logo.svg" } </script> <script type="text/javascript"> (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-KR282M'); </script>  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-PFG2Q35R7H"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag() {dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); setTimeout("gtag('event', '15_sec_read', {'Read':'15 sec'})",15000 ); setTimeout("gtag('event', '30_sec_read', {'Read':'30 sec'})",30000 ); gtag('config', 'G-PFG2Q35R7H'); </script> <script> var is_mobile = /*! jQuery v3.5.1 | (c) JS Foundation and other contributors | jquery.org/license */ !function(e,t){"object"==typeof module&&"object"==typeof module.exports?module.exports=e.document?t(e,!0):function(e){if(!e.document){throw new Error("jQuery requires a window with a document")}return t(e)}:t(e)}("undefined"!=typeof window?window:this,function(C,e){var t=[],r=Object.getPrototypeOf,s=t.slice,g=t.flat?function(e){return t.flat.call(e)}:function(e){return t.concat.apply([],e)},u=t.push,i=t.indexOf,n={},o=n.toString,v=n.hasOwnProperty,a=v.toString,l=a.call(Object),y={},m=function(e){return"function"==typeof e&&"number"!=typeof e.nodeType},x=function(e){return null!=e&&e===e.window},E=C.document,c={type:!0,src:!0,nonce:!0,noModule:!0};function b(e,t,n){var r,i,o=(n=n||E).createElement("script");if(o.text=e,t){for(r in c){(i=t[r]||t.getAttribute&&t.getAttribute(r))&&o.setAttribute(r,i)}}n.head.appendChild(o).parentNode.removeChild(o)}function w(e){return null==e?e+"":"object"==typeof e||"function"==typeof e?n[o.call(e)]||"object":typeof e}var f="3.5.1",S=function(e,t){return new S.fn.init(e,t)};function p(e){var t=!!e&&"length" in e&&e.length,n=w(e);return !m(e)&&!x(e)&&("array"===n||0===t||"number"==typeof t&&0<t&&t-1 in e)}S.fn=S.prototype={jquery:f,constructor:S,length:0,toArray:function(){return s.call(this)},get:function(e){return null==e?s.call(this):e<0?this[e+this.length]:this[e]},pushStack:function(e){var t=S.merge(this.constructor(),e);return t.prevObject=this,t},each:function(e){return S.each(this,e)},map:function(n){return this.pushStack(S.map(this,function(e,t){return n.call(e,t,e)}))},slice:function(){return this.pushStack(s.apply(this,arguments))},first:function(){return this.eq(0)},last:function(){return this.eq(-1)},even:function(){return this.pushStack(S.grep(this,function(e,t){return(t+1)%2}))},odd:function(){return this.pushStack(S.grep(this,function(e,t){return t%2}))},eq:function(e){var t=this.length,n=+e+(e<0?t:0);return this.pushStack(0<=n&&n<t?[this[n]]:[])},end:function(){return this.prevObject||this.constructor()},push:u,sort:t.sort,splice:t.splice},S.extend=S.fn.extend=function(){var e,t,n,r,i,o,a=arguments[0]||{},s=1,u=arguments.length,l=!1;for("boolean"==typeof a&&(l=a,a=arguments[s]||{},s++),"object"==typeof a||m(a)||(a={}),s===u&&(a=this,s--);s<u;s++){if(null!=(e=arguments[s])){for(t in e){r=e[t],"__proto__"!==t&&a!==r&&(l&&r&&(S.isPlainObject(r)||(i=Array.isArray(r)))?(n=a[t],o=i&&!Array.isArray(n)?[]:i||S.isPlainObject(n)?n:{},i=!1,a[t]=S.extend(l,o,r)):void 0!==r&&(a[t]=r))}}}return a},S.extend({expando:"jQuery"+(f+Math.random()).replace(/\D/g,""),isReady:!0,error:function(e){throw new Error(e)},noop:function(){},isPlainObject:function(e){var t,n;return !(!e||"[object Object]"!==o.call(e))&&(!(t=r(e))||"function"==typeof(n=v.call(t,"constructor")&&t.constructor)&&a.call(n)===l)},isEmptyObject:function(e){var t;for(t in e){return !1}return !0},globalEval:function(e,t,n){b(e,{nonce:t&&t.nonce},n)},each:function(e,t){var n,r=0;if(p(e)){for(n=e.length;r<n;r++){if(!1===t.call(e[r],r,e[r])){break}}}else{for(r in e){if(!1===t.call(e[r],r,e[r])){break}}}return e},makeArray:function(e,t){var n=t||[];return null!=e&&(p(Object(e))?S.merge(n,"string"==typeof e?[e]:e):u.call(n,e)),n},inArray:function(e,t,n){return null==t?-1:i.call(t,e,n)},merge:function(e,t){for(var n=+t.length,r=0,i=e.length;r<n;r++){e[i++]=t[r]}return e.length=i,e},grep:function(e,t,n){for(var r=[],i=0,o=e.length,a=!n;i<o;i++){!t(e[i],i)!==a&&r.push(e[i])}return r},map:function(e,t,n){var r,i,o=0,a=[];if(p(e)){for(r=e.length;o<r;o++){null!=(i=t(e[o],o,n))&&a.push(i)}}else{for(o in e){null!=(i=t(e[o],o,n))&&a.push(i)}}return g(a)},guid:1,support:y}),"function"==typeof Symbol&&(S.fn[Symbol.iterator]=t[Symbol.iterator]),S.each("Boolean Number String Function Array Date RegExp Object Error Symbol".split(" "),function(e,t){n["[object "+t+"]"]=t.toLowerCase()});var d=function(n){var e,d,b,o,i,h,f,g,w,u,l,T,C,a,E,v,s,c,y,S="sizzle"+1*new Date,p=n.document,k=0,r=0,m=ue(),x=ue(),A=ue(),N=ue(),D=function(e,t){return e===t&&(l=!0),0},j={}.hasOwnProperty,t=[],q=t.pop,L=t.push,H=t.push,O=t.slice,P=function(e,t){for(var n=0,r=e.length;n<r;n++){if(e[n]===t){return n}}return -1},R="checked|selected|async|autofocus|autoplay|controls|defer|disabled|hidden|ismap|loop|multiple|open|readonly|required|scoped",M="[\\x20\\t\\r\\n\\f]",I="(?:\\\\[\\da-fA-F]{1,6}"+M+"?|\\\\[^\\r\\n\\f]|[\\w-]|[^\0-\\x7f])+",W="\\["+M+"*("+I+")(?:"+M+"*([*^$|!~]?=)"+M+"*(?:'((?:\\\\.|[^\\\\'])*)'|\"((?:\\\\.|[^\\\\\"])*)\"|("+I+"))|)"+M+"*\\]",F=":("+I+")(?:\$(('((?:\\\\.|[^\\\\'])*)'|\"((?:\\\\.|[^\\\\\"])*)\")|((?:\\\\.|[^\\\\()[\\]]|"+W+")*)|.*)\$|)",B=new RegExp(M+"+","g"),$=new RegExp("^"+M+"+|((?:^|[^\\\\])(?:\\\\.)*)"+M+"+$","g"),_=new RegExp("^"+M+"*,"+M+"*"),z=new RegExp("^"+M+"*([>+~]|"+M+")"+M+"*"),U=new RegExp(M+"|>"),X=new RegExp(F),V=new RegExp("^"+I+"$"),G={ID:new RegExp("^#("+I+")"),CLASS:new RegExp("^\\.("+I+")"),TAG:new RegExp("^("+I+"|[*])"),ATTR:new RegExp("^"+W),PSEUDO:new RegExp("^"+F),CHILD:new RegExp("^:(only|first|last|nth|nth-last)-(child|of-type)(?:\$"+M+"*(even|odd|(([+-]|)(\\d*)n|)"+M+"*(?:([+-]|)"+M+"*(\\d+)|))"+M+"*\$|)","i"),bool:new RegExp("^(?:"+R+")$","i"),needsContext:new RegExp("^"+M+"*[>+~]|:(even|odd|eq|gt|lt|nth|first|last)(?:\$"+M+"*((?:-\\d)?\\d*)"+M+"*\$|)(?=[^-]|$)","i")},Y=/HTML$/i,Q=/^(?:input|select|textarea|button)$/i,J=/^h\d$/i,K=/^[^{]+\{\s*\[native \w/,Z=/^(?:#([\w-]+)|(\w+)|\.([\w-]+))$/,ee=/[+~]/,te=new RegExp("\\\\[\\da-fA-F]{1,6}"+M+"?|\\\\([^\\r\\n\\f])","g"),ne=function(e,t){var n="0x"+e.slice(1)-65536;return t||(n<0?String.fromCharCode(n+65536):String.fromCharCode(n>>10|55296,1023&n|56320))},re=/([\0-\x1f\x7f]|^-?\d)|^-$|[^\0-\x1f\x7f-\uFFFF\w-]/g,ie=function(e,t){return t?"\0"===e?"\ufffd":e.slice(0,-1)+"\\"+e.charCodeAt(e.length-1).toString(16)+" ":"\\"+e},oe=function(){T()},ae=be(function(e){return !0===e.disabled&&"fieldset"===e.nodeName.toLowerCase()},{dir:"parentNode",next:"legend"});try{H.apply(t=O.call(p.childNodes),p.childNodes),t[p.childNodes.length].nodeType}catch(e){H={apply:t.length?function(e,t){L.apply(e,O.call(t))}:function(e,t){var n=e.length,r=0;while(e[n++]=t[r++]){}e.length=n-1}}}function se(t,e,n,r){var i,o,a,s,u,l,c,f=e&&e.ownerDocument,p=e?e.nodeType:9;if(n=n||[],"string"!=typeof t||!t||1!==p&&9!==p&&11!==p){return n}if(!r&&(T(e),e=e||C,E)){if(11!==p&&(u=Z.exec(t))){if(i=u[1]){if(9===p){if(!(a=e.getElementById(i))){return n}if(a.id===i){return n.push(a),n}}else{if(f&&(a=f.getElementById(i))&&y(e,a)&&a.id===i){return n.push(a),n}}}else{if(u[2]){return H.apply(n,e.getElementsByTagName(t)),n}if((i=u[3])&&d.getElementsByClassName&&e.getElementsByClassName){return H.apply(n,e.getElementsByClassName(i)),n}}}if(d.qsa&&!N[t+" "]&&(!v||!v.test(t))&&(1!==p||"object"!==e.nodeName.toLowerCase())){if(c=t,f=e,1===p&&(U.test(t)||z.test(t))){(f=ee.test(t)&&ye(e.parentNode)||e)===e&&d.scope||((s=e.getAttribute("id"))?s=s.replace(re,ie):e.setAttribute("id",s=S)),o=(l=h(t)).length;while(o--){l[o]=(s?"#"+s:":scope")+" "+xe(l[o])}c=l.join(",")}try{return H.apply(n,f.querySelectorAll(c)),n}catch(e){N(t,!0)}finally{s===S&&e.removeAttribute("id")}}}return g(t.replace($,"$1"),e,n,r)}function ue(){var r=[];return function e(t,n){return r.push(t+" ")>b.cacheLength&&delete e[r.shift()],e[t+" "]=n}}function le(e){return e[S]=!0,e}function ce(e){var t=C.createElement("fieldset");try{return !!e(t)}catch(e){return !1}finally{t.parentNode&&t.parentNode.removeChild(t),t=null}}function fe(e,t){var n=e.split("|"),r=n.length;while(r--){b.attrHandle[n[r]]=t}}function pe(e,t){var n=t&&e,r=n&&1===e.nodeType&&1===t.nodeType&&e.sourceIndex-t.sourceIndex;if(r){return r}if(n){while(n=n.nextSibling){if(n===t){return -1}}}return e?1:-1}function de(t){return function(e){return"input"===e.nodeName.toLowerCase()&&e.type===t}}function he(n){return function(e){var t=e.nodeName.toLowerCase();return("input"===t||"button"===t)&&e.type===n}}function ge(t){return function(e){return"form" in e?e.parentNode&&!1===e.disabled?"label" in e?"label" in e.parentNode?e.parentNode.disabled===t:e.disabled===t:e.isDisabled===t||e.isDisabled!==!t&&ae(e)===t:e.disabled===t:"label" in e&&e.disabled===t}}function ve(a){return le(function(o){return o=+o,le(function(e,t){var n,r=a([],e.length,o),i=r.length;while(i--){e[n=r[i]]&&(e[n]=!(t[n]=e[n]))}})})}function ye(e){return e&&"undefined"!=typeof e.getElementsByTagName&&e}for(e in d=se.support={},i=se.isXML=function(e){var t=e.namespaceURI,n=(e.ownerDocument||e).documentElement;return !Y.test(t||n&&n.nodeName||"HTML")},T=se.setDocument=function(e){var t,n,r=e?e.ownerDocument||e:p;return r!=C&&9===r.nodeType&&r.documentElement&&(a=(C=r).documentElement,E=!i(C),p!=C&&(n=C.defaultView)&&n.top!==n&&(n.addEventListener?n.addEventListener("unload",oe,!1):n.attachEvent&&n.attachEvent("onunload",oe)),d.scope=ce(function(e){return a.appendChild(e).appendChild(C.createElement("div")),"undefined"!=typeof e.querySelectorAll&&!e.querySelectorAll(":scope fieldset div").length}),d.attributes=ce(function(e){return e.className="i",!e.getAttribute("className")}),d.getElementsByTagName=ce(function(e){return e.appendChild(C.createComment("")),!e.getElementsByTagName("*").length}),d.getElementsByClassName=K.test(C.getElementsByClassName),d.getById=ce(function(e){return a.appendChild(e).id=S,!C.getElementsByName||!C.getElementsByName(S).length}),d.getById?(b.filter.ID=function(e){var t=e.replace(te,ne);return function(e){return e.getAttribute("id")===t}},b.find.ID=function(e,t){if("undefined"!=typeof t.getElementById&&E){var n=t.getElementById(e);return n?[n]:[]}}):(b.filter.ID=function(e){var n=e.replace(te,ne);return function(e){var t="undefined"!=typeof e.getAttributeNode&&e.getAttributeNode("id");return t&&t.value===n}},b.find.ID=function(e,t){if("undefined"!=typeof t.getElementById&&E){var n,r,i,o=t.getElementById(e);if(o){if((n=o.getAttributeNode("id"))&&n.value===e){return[o]}i=t.getElementsByName(e),r=0;while(o=i[r++]){if((n=o.getAttributeNode("id"))&&n.value===e){return[o]}}}return[]}}),b.find.TAG=d.getElementsByTagName?function(e,t){return"undefined"!=typeof t.getElementsByTagName?t.getElementsByTagName(e):d.qsa?t.querySelectorAll(e):void 0}:function(e,t){var n,r=[],i=0,o=t.getElementsByTagName(e);if("*"===e){while(n=o[i++]){1===n.nodeType&&r.push(n)}return r}return o},b.find.CLASS=d.getElementsByClassName&&function(e,t){if("undefined"!=typeof t.getElementsByClassName&&E){return t.getElementsByClassName(e)}},s=[],v=[],(d.qsa=K.test(C.querySelectorAll))&&(ce(function(e){var t;a.appendChild(e).innerHTML="<a id='"+S+"'></a><select id='"+S+"-\r\\' msallowcapture=''><option selected=''></option></select>",e.querySelectorAll("[msallowcapture^='']").length&&v.push("[*^$]="+M+"*(?:''|\"\")"),e.querySelectorAll("[selected]").length||v.push("\\["+M+"*(?:value|"+R+")"),e.querySelectorAll("[id~="+S+"-]").length||v.push("~="),(t=C.createElement("input")).setAttribute("name",""),e.appendChild(t),e.querySelectorAll("[name='']").length||v.push("\\["+M+"*name"+M+"*="+M+"*(?:''|\"\")"),e.querySelectorAll(":checked").length||v.push(":checked"),e.querySelectorAll("a#"+S+"+*").length||v.push(".#.+[+~]"),e.querySelectorAll("\\\f"),v.push("[\\r\\n\\f]")}),ce(function(e){e.innerHTML="<a href='' disabled='disabled'></a><select disabled='disabled'><option/></select>";var t=C.createElement("input");t.setAttribute("type","hidden"),e.appendChild(t).setAttribute("name","D"),e.querySelectorAll("[name=d]").length&&v.push("name"+M+"*[*^$|!~]?="),2!==e.querySelectorAll(":enabled").length&&v.push(":enabled",":disabled"),a.appendChild(e).disabled=!0,2!==e.querySelectorAll(":disabled").length&&v.push(":enabled",":disabled"),e.querySelectorAll("*,:x"),v.push(",.*:")})),(d.matchesSelector=K.test(c=a.matches||a.webkitMatchesSelector||a.mozMatchesSelector||a.oMatchesSelector||a.msMatchesSelector))&&ce(function(e){d.disconnectedMatch=c.call(e,"*"),c.call(e,"[s!='']:x"),s.push("!=",F)}),v=v.length&&new RegExp(v.join("|")),s=s.length&&new RegExp(s.join("|")),t=K.test(a.compareDocumentPosition),y=t||K.test(a.contains)?function(e,t){var n=9===e.nodeType?e.documentElement:e,r=t&&t.parentNode;return e===r||!(!r||1!==r.nodeType||!(n.contains?n.contains(r):e.compareDocumentPosition&&16&e.compareDocumentPosition(r)))}:function(e,t){if(t){while(t=t.parentNode){if(t===e){return !0}}}return !1},D=t?function(e,t){if(e===t){return l=!0,0}var n=!e.compareDocumentPosition-!t.compareDocumentPosition;return n||(1&(n=(e.ownerDocument||e)==(t.ownerDocument||t)?e.compareDocumentPosition(t):1)||!d.sortDetached&&t.compareDocumentPosition(e)===n?e==C||e.ownerDocument==p&&y(p,e)?-1:t==C||t.ownerDocument==p&&y(p,t)?1:u?P(u,e)-P(u,t):0:4&n?-1:1)}:function(e,t){if(e===t){return l=!0,0}var n,r=0,i=e.parentNode,o=t.parentNode,a=[e],s=[t];if(!i||!o){return e==C?-1:t==C?1:i?-1:o?1:u?P(u,e)-P(u,t):0}if(i===o){return pe(e,t)}n=e;while(n=n.parentNode){a.unshift(n)}n=t;while(n=n.parentNode){s.unshift(n)}while(a[r]===s[r]){r++}return r?pe(a[r],s[r]):a[r]==p?-1:s[r]==p?1:0}),C},se.matches=function(e,t){return se(e,null,null,t)},se.matchesSelector=function(e,t){if(T(e),d.matchesSelector&&E&&!N[t+" "]&&(!s||!s.test(t))&&(!v||!v.test(t))){try{var n=c.call(e,t);if(n||d.disconnectedMatch||e.document&&11!==e.document.nodeType){return n}}catch(e){N(t,!0)}}return 0<se(t,C,null,[e]).length},se.contains=function(e,t){return(e.ownerDocument||e)!=C&&T(e),y(e,t)},se.attr=function(e,t){(e.ownerDocument||e)!=C&&T(e);var n=b.attrHandle[t.toLowerCase()],r=n&&j.call(b.attrHandle,t.toLowerCase())?n(e,t,!E):void 0;return void 0!==r?r:d.attributes||!E?e.getAttribute(t):(r=e.getAttributeNode(t))&&r.specified?r.value:null},se.escape=function(e){return(e+"").replace(re,ie)},se.error=function(e){throw new Error("Syntax error, unrecognized expression: "+e)},se.uniqueSort=function(e){var t,n=[],r=0,i=0;if(l=!d.detectDuplicates,u=!d.sortStable&&e.slice(0),e.sort(D),l){while(t=e[i++]){t===e[i]&&(r=n.push(i))}while(r--){e.splice(n[r],1)}}return u=null,e},o=se.getText=function(e){var t,n="",r=0,i=e.nodeType;if(i){if(1===i||9===i||11===i){if("string"==typeof e.textContent){return e.textContent}for(e=e.firstChild;e;e=e.nextSibling){n+=o(e)}}else{if(3===i||4===i){return e.nodeValue}}}else{while(t=e[r++]){n+=o(t)}}return n},(b=se.selectors={cacheLength:50,createPseudo:le,match:G,attrHandle:{},find:{},relative:{">":{dir:"parentNode",first:!0}," ":{dir:"parentNode"},"+":{dir:"previousSibling",first:!0},"~":{dir:"previousSibling"}},preFilter:{ATTR:function(e){return e[1]=e[1].replace(te,ne),e[3]=(e[3]||e[4]||e[5]||"").replace(te,ne),"~="===e[2]&&(e[3]=" "+e[3]+" "),e.slice(0,4)},CHILD:function(e){return e[1]=e[1].toLowerCase(),"nth"===e[1].slice(0,3)?(e[3]||se.error(e[0]),e[4]=+(e[4]?e[5]+(e[6]||1):2*("even"===e[3]||"odd"===e[3])),e[5]=+(e[7]+e[8]||"odd"===e[3])):e[3]&&se.error(e[0]),e},PSEUDO:function(e){var t,n=!e[6]&&e[2];return G.CHILD.test(e[0])?null:(e[3]?e[2]=e[4]||e[5]||"":n&&X.test(n)&&(t=h(n,!0))&&(t=n.indexOf(")",n.length-t)-n.length)&&(e[0]=e[0].slice(0,t),e[2]=n.slice(0,t)),e.slice(0,3))}},filter:{TAG:function(e){var t=e.replace(te,ne).toLowerCase();return"*"===e?function(){return !0}:function(e){return e.nodeName&&e.nodeName.toLowerCase()===t}},CLASS:function(e){var t=m[e+" "];return t||(t=new RegExp("(^|"+M+")"+e+"("+M+"|$)"))&&m(e,function(e){return t.test("string"==typeof e.className&&e.className||"undefined"!=typeof e.getAttribute&&e.getAttribute("class")||"")})},ATTR:function(n,r,i){return function(e){var t=se.attr(e,n);return null==t?"!="===r:!r||(t+="","="===r?t===i:"!="===r?t!==i:"^="===r?i&&0===t.indexOf(i):"*="===r?i&&-1<t.indexOf(i):"$="===r?i&&t.slice(-i.length)===i:"~="===r?-1<(" "+t.replace(B," ")+" ").indexOf(i):"|="===r&&(t===i||t.slice(0,i.length+1)===i+"-"))}},CHILD:function(h,e,t,g,v){var y="nth"!==h.slice(0,3),m="last"!==h.slice(-4),x="of-type"===e;return 1===g&&0===v?function(e){return !!e.parentNode}:function(e,t,n){var r,i,o,a,s,u,l=y!==m?"nextSibling":"previousSibling",c=e.parentNode,f=x&&e.nodeName.toLowerCase(),p=!n&&!x,d=!1;if(c){if(y){while(l){a=e;while(a=a[l]){if(x?a.nodeName.toLowerCase()===f:1===a.nodeType){return !1}}u=l="only"===h&&!u&&"nextSibling"}return !0}if(u=[m?c.firstChild:c.lastChild],m&&p){d=(s=(r=(i=(o=(a=c)[S]||(a[S]={}))[a.uniqueID]||(o[a.uniqueID]={}))[h]||[])[0]===k&&r[1])&&r[2],a=s&&c.childNodes[s];while(a=++s&&a&&a[l]||(d=s=0)||u.pop()){if(1===a.nodeType&&++d&&a===e){i[h]=[k,s,d];break}}}else{if(p&&(d=s=(r=(i=(o=(a=e)[S]||(a[S]={}))[a.uniqueID]||(o[a.uniqueID]={}))[h]||[])[0]===k&&r[1]),!1===d){while(a=++s&&a&&a[l]||(d=s=0)||u.pop()){if((x?a.nodeName.toLowerCase()===f:1===a.nodeType)&&++d&&(p&&((i=(o=a[S]||(a[S]={}))[a.uniqueID]||(o[a.uniqueID]={}))[h]=[k,d]),a===e)){break}}}}return(d-=v)===g||d%g==0&&0<=d/g}}},PSEUDO:function(e,o){var t,a=b.pseudos[e]||b.setFilters[e.toLowerCase()]||se.error("unsupported pseudo: "+e);return a[S]?a(o):1<a.length?(t=[e,e,"",o],b.setFilters.hasOwnProperty(e.toLowerCase())?le(function(e,t){var n,r=a(e,o),i=r.length;while(i--){e[n=P(e,r[i])]=!(t[n]=r[i])}}):function(e){return a(e,0,t)}):a}},pseudos:{not:le(function(e){var r=[],i=[],s=f(e.replace($,"$1"));return s[S]?le(function(e,t,n,r){var i,o=s(e,null,r,[]),a=e.length;while(a--){(i=o[a])&&(e[a]=!(t[a]=i))}}):function(e,t,n){return r[0]=e,s(r,null,n,i),r[0]=null,!i.pop()}}),has:le(function(t){return function(e){return 0<se(t,e).length}}),contains:le(function(t){return t=t.replace(te,ne),function(e){return -1<(e.textContent||o(e)).indexOf(t)}}),lang:le(function(n){return V.test(n||"")||se.error("unsupported lang: "+n),n=n.replace(te,ne).toLowerCase(),function(e){var t;do{if(t=E?e.lang:e.getAttribute("xml:lang")||e.getAttribute("lang")){return(t=t.toLowerCase())===n||0===t.indexOf(n+"-")}}while((e=e.parentNode)&&1===e.nodeType);return !1}}),target:function(e){var t=n.location&&n.location.hash;return t&&t.slice(1)===e.id},root:function(e){return e===a},focus:function(e){return e===C.activeElement&&(!C.hasFocus||C.hasFocus())&&!!(e.type||e.href||~e.tabIndex)},enabled:ge(!1),disabled:ge(!0),checked:function(e){var t=e.nodeName.toLowerCase();return"input"===t&&!!e.checked||"option"===t&&!!e.selected},selected:function(e){return e.parentNode&&e.parentNode.selectedIndex,!0===e.selected},empty:function(e){for(e=e.firstChild;e;e=e.nextSibling){if(e.nodeType<6){return !1}}return !0},parent:function(e){return !b.pseudos.empty(e)},header:function(e){return J.test(e.nodeName)},input:function(e){return Q.test(e.nodeName)},button:function(e){var t=e.nodeName.toLowerCase();return"input"===t&&"button"===e.type||"button"===t},text:function(e){var t;return"input"===e.nodeName.toLowerCase()&&"text"===e.type&&(null==(t=e.getAttribute("type"))||"text"===t.toLowerCase())},first:ve(function(){return[0]}),last:ve(function(e,t){return[t-1]}),eq:ve(function(e,t,n){return[n<0?n+t:n]}),even:ve(function(e,t){for(var n=0;n<t;n+=2){e.push(n)}return e}),odd:ve(function(e,t){for(var n=1;n<t;n+=2){e.push(n)}return e}),lt:ve(function(e,t,n){for(var r=n<0?n+t:t<n?t:n;0<=--r;){e.push(r)}return e}),gt:ve(function(e,t,n){for(var r=n<0?n+t:n;++r<t;){e.push(r)}return e})}}).pseudos.nth=b.pseudos.eq,{radio:!0,checkbox:!0,file:!0,password:!0,image:!0}){b.pseudos[e]=de(e)}for(e in {submit:!0,reset:!0}){b.pseudos[e]=he(e)}function me(){}function xe(e){for(var t=0,n=e.length,r="";t<n;t++){r+=e[t].value}return r}function be(s,e,t){var u=e.dir,l=e.next,c=l||u,f=t&&"parentNode"===c,p=r++;return e.first?function(e,t,n){while(e=e[u]){if(1===e.nodeType||f){return s(e,t,n)}}return !1}:function(e,t,n){var r,i,o,a=[k,p];if(n){while(e=e[u]){if((1===e.nodeType||f)&&s(e,t,n)){return !0}}}else{while(e=e[u]){if(1===e.nodeType||f){if(i=(o=e[S]||(e[S]={}))[e.uniqueID]||(o[e.uniqueID]={}),l&&l===e.nodeName.toLowerCase()){e=e[u]||e}else{if((r=i[c])&&r[0]===k&&r[1]===p){return a[2]=r[2]}if((i[c]=a)[2]=s(e,t,n)){return !0}}}}}return !1}}function we(i){return 1<i.length?function(e,t,n){var r=i.length;while(r--){if(!i[r](e,t,n)){return !1}}return !0}:i[0]}function Te(e,t,n,r,i){for(var o,a=[],s=0,u=e.length,l=null!=t;s<u;s++){(o=e[s])&&(n&&!n(o,r,i)||(a.push(o),l&&t.push(s)))}return a}function Ce(d,h,g,v,y,e){return v&&!v[S]&&(v=Ce(v)),y&&!y[S]&&(y=Ce(y,e)),le(function(e,t,n,r){var i,o,a,s=[],u=[],l=t.length,c=e||function(e,t,n){for(var r=0,i=t.length;r<i;r++){se(e,t[r],n)}return n}(h||"*",n.nodeType?[n]:n,[]),f=!d||!e&&h?c:Te(c,s,d,n,r),p=g?y||(e?d:l||v)?[]:t:f;if(g&&g(f,p,n,r),v){i=Te(p,u),v(i,[],n,r),o=i.length;while(o--){(a=i[o])&&(p[u[o]]=!(f[u[o]]=a))}}if(e){if(y||d){if(y){i=[],o=p.length;while(o--){(a=p[o])&&i.push(f[o]=a)}y(null,p=[],i,r)}o=p.length;while(o--){(a=p[o])&&-1<(i=y?P(e,a):s[o])&&(e[i]=!(t[i]=a))}}}else{p=Te(p===t?p.splice(l,p.length):p),y?y(null,t,p,r):H.apply(t,p)}})}function Ee(e){for(var i,t,n,r=e.length,o=b.relative[e[0].type],a=o||b.relative[" "],s=o?1:0,u=be(function(e){return e===i},a,!0),l=be(function(e){return -1<P(i,e)},a,!0),c=[function(e,t,n){var r=!o&&(n||t!==w)||((i=t).nodeType?u(e,t,n):l(e,t,n));return i=null,r}];s<r;s++){if(t=b.relative[e[s].type]){c=[be(we(c),t)]}else{if((t=b.filter[e[s].type].apply(null,e[s].matches))[S]){for(n=++s;n<r;n++){if(b.relative[e[n].type]){break}}return Ce(1<s&&we(c),1<s&&xe(e.slice(0,s-1).concat({value:" "===e[s-2].type?"*":""})).replace($,"$1"),t,s<n&&Ee(e.slice(s,n)),n<r&&Ee(e=e.slice(n)),n<r&&xe(e))}c.push(t)}}return we(c)}return me.prototype=b.filters=b.pseudos,b.setFilters=new me,h=se.tokenize=function(e,t){var n,r,i,o,a,s,u,l=x[e+" "];if(l){return t?0:l.slice(0)}a=e,s=[],u=b.preFilter;while(a){for(o in n&&!(r=_.exec(a))||(r&&(a=a.slice(r[0].length)||a),s.push(i=[])),n=!1,(r=z.exec(a))&&(n=r.shift(),i.push({value:n,type:r[0].replace($," ")}),a=a.slice(n.length)),b.filter){!(r=G[o].exec(a))||u[o]&&!(r=u[o](r))||(n=r.shift(),i.push({value:n,type:o,matches:r}),a=a.slice(n.length))}if(!n){break}}return t?a.length:a?se.error(e):x(e,s).slice(0)},f=se.compile=function(e,t){var n,v,y,m,x,r,i=[],o=[],a=A[e+" "];if(!a){t||(t=h(e)),n=t.length;while(n--){(a=Ee(t[n]))[S]?i.push(a):o.push(a)}(a=A(e,(v=o,m=0<(y=i).length,x=0<v.length,r=function(e,t,n,r,i){var o,a,s,u=0,l="0",c=e&&[],f=[],p=w,d=e||x&&b.find.TAG("*",i),h=k+=null==p?1:Math.random()||0.1,g=d.length;for(i&&(w=t==C||t||i);l!==g&&null!=(o=d[l]);l++){if(x&&o){a=0,t||o.ownerDocument==C||(T(o),n=!E);while(s=v[a++]){if(s(o,t||C,n)){r.push(o);break}}i&&(k=h)}m&&((o=!s&&o)&&u--,e&&c.push(o))}if(u+=l,m&&l!==u){a=0;while(s=y[a++]){s(c,f,t,n)}if(e){if(0<u){while(l--){c[l]||f[l]||(f[l]=q.call(r))}}f=Te(f)}H.apply(r,f),i&&!e&&0<f.length&&1<u+y.length&&se.uniqueSort(r)}return i&&(k=h,w=p),c},m?le(r):r))).selector=e}return a},g=se.select=function(e,t,n,r){var i,o,a,s,u,l="function"==typeof e&&e,c=!r&&h(e=l.selector||e);if(n=n||[],1===c.length){if(2<(o=c[0]=c[0].slice(0)).length&&"ID"===(a=o[0]).type&&9===t.nodeType&&E&&b.relative[o[1].type]){if(!(t=(b.find.ID(a.matches[0].replace(te,ne),t)||[])[0])){return n}l&&(t=t.parentNode),e=e.slice(o.shift().value.length)}i=G.needsContext.test(e)?0:o.length;while(i--){if(a=o[i],b.relative[s=a.type]){break}if((u=b.find[s])&&(r=u(a.matches[0].replace(te,ne),ee.test(o[0].type)&&ye(t.parentNode)||t))){if(o.splice(i,1),!(e=r.length&&xe(o))){return H.apply(n,r),n}break}}}return(l||f(e,c))(r,t,!E,n,!t||ee.test(e)&&ye(t.parentNode)||t),n},d.sortStable=S.split("").sort(D).join("")===S,d.detectDuplicates=!!l,T(),d.sortDetached=ce(function(e){return 1&e.compareDocumentPosition(C.createElement("fieldset"))}),ce(function(e){return e.innerHTML="<a href='#'></a>","#"===e.firstChild.getAttribute("href")})||fe("type|href|height|width",function(e,t,n){if(!n){return e.getAttribute(t,"type"===t.toLowerCase()?1:2)}}),d.attributes&&ce(function(e){return e.innerHTML="<input/>",e.firstChild.setAttribute("value",""),""===e.firstChild.getAttribute("value")})||fe("value",function(e,t,n){if(!n&&"input"===e.nodeName.toLowerCase()){return e.defaultValue}}),ce(function(e){return null==e.getAttribute("disabled")})||fe(R,function(e,t,n){var r;if(!n){return !0===e[t]?t.toLowerCase():(r=e.getAttributeNode(t))&&r.specified?r.value:null}}),se}(C);S.find=d,S.expr=d.selectors,S.expr[":"]=S.expr.pseudos,S.uniqueSort=S.unique=d.uniqueSort,S.text=d.getText,S.isXMLDoc=d.isXML,S.contains=d.contains,S.escapeSelector=d.escape;var h=function(e,t,n){var r=[],i=void 0!==n;while((e=e[t])&&9!==e.nodeType){if(1===e.nodeType){if(i&&S(e).is(n)){break}r.push(e)}}return r},T=function(e,t){for(var n=[];e;e=e.nextSibling){1===e.nodeType&&e!==t&&n.push(e)}return n},k=S.expr.match.needsContext;function A(e,t){return e.nodeName&&e.nodeName.toLowerCase()===t.toLowerCase()}var N=/^<([a-z][^\/\0>:\x20\t\r\n\f]*)[\x20\t\r\n\f]*\/?>(?:<\/\1>|)$/i;function D(e,n,r){return m(n)?S.grep(e,function(e,t){return !!n.call(e,t,e)!==r}):n.nodeType?S.grep(e,function(e){return e===n!==r}):"string"!=typeof n?S.grep(e,function(e){return -1<i.call(n,e)!==r}):S.filter(n,e,r)}S.filter=function(e,t,n){var r=t[0];return n&&(e=":not("+e+")"),1===t.length&&1===r.nodeType?S.find.matchesSelector(r,e)?[r]:[]:S.find.matches(e,S.grep(t,function(e){return 1===e.nodeType}))},S.fn.extend({find:function(e){var t,n,r=this.length,i=this;if("string"!=typeof e){return this.pushStack(S(e).filter(function(){for(t=0;t<r;t++){if(S.contains(i[t],this)){return !0}}}))}for(n=this.pushStack([]),t=0;t<r;t++){S.find(e,i[t],n)}return 1<r?S.uniqueSort(n):n},filter:function(e){return this.pushStack(D(this,e||[],!1))},not:function(e){return this.pushStack(D(this,e||[],!0))},is:function(e){return !!D(this,"string"==typeof e&&k.test(e)?S(e):e||[],!1).length}});var j,q=/^(?:\s*(<[\w\W]+>)[^>]*|#([\w-]+))$/;(S.fn.init=function(e,t,n){var r,i;if(!e){return this}if(n=n||j,"string"==typeof e){if(!(r="<"===e[0]&&">"===e[e.length-1]&&3<=e.length?[null,e,null]:q.exec(e))||!r[1]&&t){return !t||t.jquery?(t||n).find(e):this.constructor(t).find(e)}if(r[1]){if(t=t instanceof S?t[0]:t,S.merge(this,S.parseHTML(r[1],t&&t.nodeType?t.ownerDocument||t:E,!0)),N.test(r[1])&&S.isPlainObject(t)){for(r in t){m(this[r])?this[r](t[r]):this.attr(r,t[r])}}return this}return(i=E.getElementById(r[2]))&&(this[0]=i,this.length=1),this}return e.nodeType?(this[0]=e,this.length=1,this):m(e)?void 0!==n.ready?n.ready(e):e(S):S.makeArray(e,this)}).prototype=S.fn,j=S(E);var L=/^(?:parents|prev(?:Until|All))/,H={children:!0,contents:!0,next:!0,prev:!0};function O(e,t){while((e=e[t])&&1!==e.nodeType){}return e}S.fn.extend({has:function(e){var t=S(e,this),n=t.length;return this.filter(function(){for(var e=0;e<n;e++){if(S.contains(this,t[e])){return !0}}})},closest:function(e,t){var n,r=0,i=this.length,o=[],a="string"!=typeof e&&S(e);if(!k.test(e)){for(;r<i;r++){for(n=this[r];n&&n!==t;n=n.parentNode){if(n.nodeType<11&&(a?-1<a.index(n):1===n.nodeType&&S.find.matchesSelector(n,e))){o.push(n);break}}}}return this.pushStack(1<o.length?S.uniqueSort(o):o)},index:function(e){return e?"string"==typeof e?i.call(S(e),this[0]):i.call(this,e.jquery?e[0]:e):this[0]&&this[0].parentNode?this.first().prevAll().length:-1},add:function(e,t){return this.pushStack(S.uniqueSort(S.merge(this.get(),S(e,t))))},addBack:function(e){return this.add(null==e?this.prevObject:this.prevObject.filter(e))}}),S.each({parent:function(e){var t=e.parentNode;return t&&11!==t.nodeType?t:null},parents:function(e){return h(e,"parentNode")},parentsUntil:function(e,t,n){return h(e,"parentNode",n)},next:function(e){return O(e,"nextSibling")},prev:function(e){return O(e,"previousSibling")},nextAll:function(e){return h(e,"nextSibling")},prevAll:function(e){return h(e,"previousSibling")},nextUntil:function(e,t,n){return h(e,"nextSibling",n)},prevUntil:function(e,t,n){return h(e,"previousSibling",n)},siblings:function(e){return T((e.parentNode||{}).firstChild,e)},children:function(e){return T(e.firstChild)},contents:function(e){return null!=e.contentDocument&&r(e.contentDocument)?e.contentDocument:(A(e,"template")&&(e=e.content||e),S.merge([],e.childNodes))}},function(r,i){S.fn[r]=function(e,t){var n=S.map(this,i,e);return"Until"!==r.slice(-5)&&(t=e),t&&"string"==typeof t&&(n=S.filter(t,n)),1<this.length&&(H[r]||S.uniqueSort(n),L.test(r)&&n.reverse()),this.pushStack(n)}});var P=/[^\x20\t\r\n\f]+/g;function R(e){return e}function M(e){throw e}function I(e,t,n,r){var i;try{e&&m(i=e.promise)?i.call(e).done(t).fail(n):e&&m(i=e.then)?i.call(e,t,n):t.apply(void 0,[e].slice(r))}catch(e){n.apply(void 0,[e])}}S.Callbacks=function(r){var e,n;r="string"==typeof r?(e=r,n={},S.each(e.match(P)||[],function(e,t){n[t]=!0}),n):S.extend({},r);var i,t,o,a,s=[],u=[],l=-1,c=function(){for(a=a||r.once,o=i=!0;u.length;l=-1){t=u.shift();while(++l<s.length){!1===s[l].apply(t[0],t[1])&&r.stopOnFalse&&(l=s.length,t=!1)}}r.memory||(t=!1),i=!1,a&&(s=t?[]:"")},f={add:function(){return s&&(t&&!i&&(l=s.length-1,u.push(t)),function n(e){S.each(e,function(e,t){m(t)?r.unique&&f.has(t)||s.push(t):t&&t.length&&"string"!==w(t)&&n(t)})}(arguments),t&&!i&&c()),this},remove:function(){return S.each(arguments,function(e,t){var n;while(-1<(n=S.inArray(t,s,n))){s.splice(n,1),n<=l&&l--}}),this},has:function(e){return e?-1<S.inArray(e,s):0<s.length},empty:function(){return s&&(s=[]),this},disable:function(){return a=u=[],s=t="",this},disabled:function(){return !s},lock:function(){return a=u=[],t||i||(s=t=""),this},locked:function(){return !!a},fireWith:function(e,t){return a||(t=[e,(t=t||[]).slice?t.slice():t],u.push(t),i||c()),this},fire:function(){return f.fireWith(this,arguments),this},fired:function(){return !!o}};return f},S.extend({Deferred:function(e){var o=[["notify","progress",S.Callbacks("memory"),S.Callbacks("memory"),2],["resolve","done",S.Callbacks("once memory"),S.Callbacks("once memory"),0,"resolved"],["reject","fail",S.Callbacks("once memory"),S.Callbacks("once memory"),1,"rejected"]],i="pending",a={state:function(){return i},always:function(){return s.done(arguments).fail(arguments),this},"catch":function(e){return a.then(null,e)},pipe:function(){var i=arguments;return S.Deferred(function(r){S.each(o,function(e,t){var n=m(i[t[4]])&&i[t[4]];s[t[1]](function(){var e=n&&n.apply(this,arguments);e&&m(e.promise)?e.promise().progress(r.notify).done(r.resolve).fail(r.reject):r[t[0]+"With"](this,n?[e]:arguments)})}),i=null}).promise()},then:function(t,n,r){var u=0;function l(i,o,a,s){return function(){var n=this,r=arguments,e=function(){var e,t;if(!(i<u)){if((e=a.apply(n,r))===o.promise()){throw new TypeError("Thenable self-resolution")}t=e&&("object"==typeof e||"function"==typeof e)&&e.then,m(t)?s?t.call(e,l(u,o,R,s),l(u,o,M,s)):(u++,t.call(e,l(u,o,R,s),l(u,o,M,s),l(u,o,R,o.notifyWith))):(a!==R&&(n=void 0,r=[e]),(s||o.resolveWith)(n,r))}},t=s?e:function(){try{e()}catch(e){S.Deferred.exceptionHook&&S.Deferred.exceptionHook(e,t.stackTrace),u<=i+1&&(a!==M&&(n=void 0,r=[e]),o.rejectWith(n,r))}};i?t():(S.Deferred.getStackHook&&(t.stackTrace=S.Deferred.getStackHook()),C.setTimeout(t))}}return S.Deferred(function(e){o[0][3].add(l(0,e,m(r)?r:R,e.notifyWith)),o[1][3].add(l(0,e,m(t)?t:R)),o[2][3].add(l(0,e,m(n)?n:M))}).promise()},promise:function(e){return null!=e?S.extend(e,a):a}},s={};return S.each(o,function(e,t){var n=t[2],r=t[5];a[t[1]]=n.add,r&&n.add(function(){i=r},o[3-e][2].disable,o[3-e][3].disable,o[0][2].lock,o[0][3].lock),n.add(t[3].fire),s[t[0]]=function(){return s[t[0]+"With"](this===s?void 0:this,arguments),this},s[t[0]+"With"]=n.fireWith}),a.promise(s),e&&e.call(s,s),s},when:function(e){var n=arguments.length,t=n,r=Array(t),i=s.call(arguments),o=S.Deferred(),a=function(t){return function(e){r[t]=this,i[t]=1<arguments.length?s.call(arguments):e,--n||o.resolveWith(r,i)}};if(n<=1&&(I(e,o.done(a(t)).resolve,o.reject,!n),"pending"===o.state()||m(i[t]&&i[t].then))){return o.then()}while(t--){I(i[t],a(t),o.reject)}return o.promise()}});var W=/^(Eval|Internal|Range|Reference|Syntax|Type|URI)Error$/;S.Deferred.exceptionHook=function(e,t){C.console&&C.console.warn&&e&&W.test(e.name)&&C.console.warn("jQuery.Deferred exception: "+e.message,e.stack,t)},S.readyException=function(e){C.setTimeout(function(){throw e})};var F=S.Deferred();function B(){E.removeEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",B),C.removeEventListener("load",B),S.ready()}S.fn.ready=function(e){return F.then(e)["catch"](function(e){S.readyException(e)}),this},S.extend({isReady:!1,readyWait:1,ready:function(e){(!0===e?--S.readyWait:S.isReady)||(S.isReady=!0)!==e&&0<--S.readyWait||F.resolveWith(E,[S])}}),S.ready.then=F.then,"complete"===E.readyState||"loading"!==E.readyState&&!E.documentElement.doScroll?C.setTimeout(S.ready):(E.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",B),C.addEventListener("load",B));var $=function(e,t,n,r,i,o,a){var s=0,u=e.length,l=null==n;if("object"===w(n)){for(s in i=!0,n){$(e,t,s,n[s],!0,o,a)}}else{if(void 0!==r&&(i=!0,m(r)||(a=!0),l&&(a?(t.call(e,r),t=null):(l=t,t=function(e,t,n){return l.call(S(e),n)})),t)){for(;s<u;s++){t(e[s],n,a?r:r.call(e[s],s,t(e[s],n)))}}}return i?e:l?t.call(e):u?t(e[0],n):o},_=/^-ms-/,z=/-([a-z])/g;function U(e,t){return t.toUpperCase()}function X(e){return e.replace(_,"ms-").replace(z,U)}var V=function(e){return 1===e.nodeType||9===e.nodeType||!+e.nodeType};function G(){this.expando=S.expando+G.uid++}G.uid=1,G.prototype={cache:function(e){var t=e[this.expando];return t||(t={},V(e)&&(e.nodeType?e[this.expando]=t:Object.defineProperty(e,this.expando,{value:t,configurable:!0}))),t},set:function(e,t,n){var r,i=this.cache(e);if("string"==typeof t){i[X(t)]=n}else{for(r in t){i[X(r)]=t[r]}}return i},get:function(e,t){return void 0===t?this.cache(e):e[this.expando]&&e[this.expando][X(t)]},access:function(e,t,n){return void 0===t||t&&"string"==typeof t&&void 0===n?this.get(e,t):(this.set(e,t,n),void 0!==n?n:t)},remove:function(e,t){var n,r=e[this.expando];if(void 0!==r){if(void 0!==t){n=(t=Array.isArray(t)?t.map(X):(t=X(t)) in r?[t]:t.match(P)||[]).length;while(n--){delete r[t[n]]}}(void 0===t||S.isEmptyObject(r))&&(e.nodeType?e[this.expando]=void 0:delete e[this.expando])}},hasData:function(e){var t=e[this.expando];return void 0!==t&&!S.isEmptyObject(t)}};var Y=new G,Q=new G,J=/^(?:\{[\w\W]*\}|\[[\w\W]*\])$/,K=/[A-Z]/g;function Z(e,t,n){var r,i;if(void 0===n&&1===e.nodeType){if(r="data-"+t.replace(K,"-$&").toLowerCase(),"string"==typeof(n=e.getAttribute(r))){try{n="true"===(i=n)||"false"!==i&&("null"===i?null:i===+i+""?+i:J.test(i)?JSON.parse(i):i)}catch(e){}Q.set(e,t,n)}else{n=void 0}}return n}S.extend({hasData:function(e){return Q.hasData(e)||Y.hasData(e)},data:function(e,t,n){return Q.access(e,t,n)},removeData:function(e,t){Q.remove(e,t)},_data:function(e,t,n){return Y.access(e,t,n)},_removeData:function(e,t){Y.remove(e,t)}}),S.fn.extend({data:function(n,e){var t,r,i,o=this[0],a=o&&o.attributes;if(void 0===n){if(this.length&&(i=Q.get(o),1===o.nodeType&&!Y.get(o,"hasDataAttrs"))){t=a.length;while(t--){a[t]&&0===(r=a[t].name).indexOf("data-")&&(r=X(r.slice(5)),Z(o,r,i[r]))}Y.set(o,"hasDataAttrs",!0)}return i}return"object"==typeof n?this.each(function(){Q.set(this,n)}):$(this,function(e){var t;if(o&&void 0===e){return void 0!==(t=Q.get(o,n))?t:void 0!==(t=Z(o,n))?t:void 0}this.each(function(){Q.set(this,n,e)})},null,e,1<arguments.length,null,!0)},removeData:function(e){return this.each(function(){Q.remove(this,e)})}}),S.extend({queue:function(e,t,n){var r;if(e){return t=(t||"fx")+"queue",r=Y.get(e,t),n&&(!r||Array.isArray(n)?r=Y.access(e,t,S.makeArray(n)):r.push(n)),r||[]}},dequeue:function(e,t){t=t||"fx";var n=S.queue(e,t),r=n.length,i=n.shift(),o=S._queueHooks(e,t);"inprogress"===i&&(i=n.shift(),r--),i&&("fx"===t&&n.unshift("inprogress"),delete o.stop,i.call(e,function(){S.dequeue(e,t)},o)),!r&&o&&o.empty.fire()},_queueHooks:function(e,t){var n=t+"queueHooks";return Y.get(e,n)||Y.access(e,n,{empty:S.Callbacks("once memory").add(function(){Y.remove(e,[t+"queue",n])})})}}),S.fn.extend({queue:function(t,n){var e=2;return"string"!=typeof t&&(n=t,t="fx",e--),arguments.length<e?S.queue(this[0],t):void 0===n?this:this.each(function(){var e=S.queue(this,t,n);S._queueHooks(this,t),"fx"===t&&"inprogress"!==e[0]&&S.dequeue(this,t)})},dequeue:function(e){return this.each(function(){S.dequeue(this,e)})},clearQueue:function(e){return this.queue(e||"fx",[])},promise:function(e,t){var n,r=1,i=S.Deferred(),o=this,a=this.length,s=function(){--r||i.resolveWith(o,[o])};"string"!=typeof e&&(t=e,e=void 0),e=e||"fx";while(a--){(n=Y.get(o[a],e+"queueHooks"))&&n.empty&&(r++,n.empty.add(s))}return s(),i.promise(t)}});var ee=/[+-]?(?:\d*\.|)\d+(?:[eE][+-]?\d+|)/.source,te=new RegExp("^(?:([+-])=|)("+ee+")([a-z%]*)$","i"),ne=["Top","Right","Bottom","Left"],re=E.documentElement,ie=function(e){return S.contains(e.ownerDocument,e)},oe={composed:!0};re.getRootNode&&(ie=function(e){return S.contains(e.ownerDocument,e)||e.getRootNode(oe)===e.ownerDocument});var ae=function(e,t){return"none"===(e=t||e).style.display||""===e.style.display&&ie(e)&&"none"===S.css(e,"display")};function se(e,t,n,r){var i,o,a=20,s=r?function(){return r.cur()}:function(){return S.css(e,t,"")},u=s(),l=n&&n[3]||(S.cssNumber[t]?"":"px"),c=e.nodeType&&(S.cssNumber[t]||"px"!==l&&+u)&&te.exec(S.css(e,t));if(c&&c[3]!==l){u/=2,l=l||c[3],c=+u||1;while(a--){S.style(e,t,c+l),(1-o)*(1-(o=s()/u||0.5))<=0&&(a=0),c/=o}c*=2,S.style(e,t,c+l),n=n||[]}return n&&(c=+c||+u||0,i=n[1]?c+(n[1]+1)*n[2]:+n[2],r&&(r.unit=l,r.start=c,r.end=i)),i}var ue={};function le(e,t){for(var n,r,i,o,a,s,u,l=[],c=0,f=e.length;c<f;c++){(r=e[c]).style&&(n=r.style.display,t?("none"===n&&(l[c]=Y.get(r,"display")||null,l[c]||(r.style.display="")),""===r.style.display&&ae(r)&&(l[c]=(u=a=o=void 0,a=(i=r).ownerDocument,s=i.nodeName,(u=ue[s])||(o=a.body.appendChild(a.createElement(s)),u=S.css(o,"display"),o.parentNode.removeChild(o),"none"===u&&(u="block"),ue[s]=u)))):"none"!==n&&(l[c]="none",Y.set(r,"display",n)))}for(c=0;c<f;c++){null!=l[c]&&(e[c].style.display=l[c])}return e}S.fn.extend({show:function(){return le(this,!0)},hide:function(){return le(this)},toggle:function(e){return"boolean"==typeof e?e?this.show():this.hide():this.each(function(){ae(this)?S(this).show():S(this).hide()})}});var ce,fe,pe=/^(?:checkbox|radio)$/i,de=/<([a-z][^\/\0>\x20\t\r\n\f]*)/i,he=/^$|^module$|\/(?:java|ecma)script/i;ce=E.createDocumentFragment().appendChild(E.createElement("div")),(fe=E.createElement("input")).setAttribute("type","radio"),fe.setAttribute("checked","checked"),fe.setAttribute("name","t"),ce.appendChild(fe),y.checkClone=ce.cloneNode(!0).cloneNode(!0).lastChild.checked,ce.innerHTML="<textarea>x</textarea>",y.noCloneChecked=!!ce.cloneNode(!0).lastChild.defaultValue,ce.innerHTML="<option></option>",y.option=!!ce.lastChild;var ge={thead:[1,"<table>","</table>"],col:[2,"<table><colgroup>","</colgroup></table>"],tr:[2,"<table><tbody>","</tbody></table>"],td:[3,"<table><tbody><tr>","</tr></tbody></table>"],_default:[0,"",""]};function ve(e,t){var n;return n="undefined"!=typeof e.getElementsByTagName?e.getElementsByTagName(t||"*"):"undefined"!=typeof e.querySelectorAll?e.querySelectorAll(t||"*"):[],void 0===t||t&&A(e,t)?S.merge([e],n):n}function ye(e,t){for(var n=0,r=e.length;n<r;n++){Y.set(e[n],"globalEval",!t||Y.get(t[n],"globalEval"))}}ge.tbody=ge.tfoot=ge.colgroup=ge.caption=ge.thead,ge.th=ge.td,y.option||(ge.optgroup=ge.option=[1,"<select multiple='multiple'>","</select>"]);var me=/<|&#?\w+;/;function xe(e,t,n,r,i){for(var o,a,s,u,l,c,f=t.createDocumentFragment(),p=[],d=0,h=e.length;d<h;d++){if((o=e[d])||0===o){if("object"===w(o)){S.merge(p,o.nodeType?[o]:o)}else{if(me.test(o)){a=a||f.appendChild(t.createElement("div")),s=(de.exec(o)||["",""])[1].toLowerCase(),u=ge[s]||ge._default,a.innerHTML=u[1]+S.htmlPrefilter(o)+u[2],c=u[0];while(c--){a=a.lastChild}S.merge(p,a.childNodes),(a=f.firstChild).textContent=""}else{p.push(t.createTextNode(o))}}}}f.textContent="",d=0;while(o=p[d++]){if(r&&-1<S.inArray(o,r)){i&&i.push(o)}else{if(l=ie(o),a=ve(f.appendChild(o),"script"),l&&ye(a),n){c=0;while(o=a[c++]){he.test(o.type||"")&&n.push(o)}}}}return f}var be=/^key/,we=/^(?:mouse|pointer|contextmenu|drag|drop)|click/,Te=/^([^.]*)(?:\.(.+)|)/;function Ce(){return !0}function Ee(){return !1}function Se(e,t){return e===function(){try{return E.activeElement}catch(e){}}()==("focus"===t)}function ke(e,t,n,r,i,o){var a,s;if("object"==typeof t){for(s in "string"!=typeof n&&(r=r||n,n=void 0),t){ke(e,s,n,r,t[s],o)}return e}if(null==r&&null==i?(i=n,r=n=void 0):null==i&&("string"==typeof n?(i=r,r=void 0):(i=r,r=n,n=void 0)),!1===i){i=Ee}else{if(!i){return e}}return 1===o&&(a=i,(i=function(e){return S().off(e),a.apply(this,arguments)}).guid=a.guid||(a.guid=S.guid++)),e.each(function(){S.event.add(this,t,i,r,n)})}function Ae(e,i,o){o?(Y.set(e,i,!1),S.event.add(e,i,{namespace:!1,handler:function(e){var t,n,r=Y.get(this,i);if(1&e.isTrigger&&this[i]){if(r.length){(S.event.special[i]||{}).delegateType&&e.stopPropagation()}else{if(r=s.call(arguments),Y.set(this,i,r),t=o(this,i),this[i](),r!==(n=Y.get(this,i))||t?Y.set(this,i,!1):n={},r!==n){return e.stopImmediatePropagation(),e.preventDefault(),n.value}}}else{r.length&&(Y.set(this,i,{value:S.event.trigger(S.extend(r[0],S.Event.prototype),r.slice(1),this)}),e.stopImmediatePropagation())}}})):void 0===Y.get(e,i)&&S.event.add(e,i,Ce)}S.event={global:{},add:function(t,e,n,r,i){var o,a,s,u,l,c,f,p,d,h,g,v=Y.get(t);if(V(t)){n.handler&&(n=(o=n).handler,i=o.selector),i&&S.find.matchesSelector(re,i),n.guid||(n.guid=S.guid++),(u=v.events)||(u=v.events=Object.create(null)),(a=v.handle)||(a=v.handle=function(e){return"undefined"!=typeof S&&S.event.triggered!==e.type?S.event.dispatch.apply(t,arguments):void 0}),l=(e=(e||"").match(P)||[""]).length;while(l--){d=g=(s=Te.exec(e[l])||[])[1],h=(s[2]||"").split(".").sort(),d&&(f=S.event.special[d]||{},d=(i?f.delegateType:f.bindType)||d,f=S.event.special[d]||{},c=S.extend({type:d,origType:g,data:r,handler:n,guid:n.guid,selector:i,needsContext:i&&S.expr.match.needsContext.test(i),namespace:h.join(".")},o),(p=u[d])||((p=u[d]=[]).delegateCount=0,f.setup&&!1!==f.setup.call(t,r,h,a)||t.addEventListener&&t.addEventListener(d,a)),f.add&&(f.add.call(t,c),c.handler.guid||(c.handler.guid=n.guid)),i?p.splice(p.delegateCount++,0,c):p.push(c),S.event.global[d]=!0)}}},remove:function(e,t,n,r,i){var o,a,s,u,l,c,f,p,d,h,g,v=Y.hasData(e)&&Y.get(e);if(v&&(u=v.events)){l=(t=(t||"").match(P)||[""]).length;while(l--){if(d=g=(s=Te.exec(t[l])||[])[1],h=(s[2]||"").split(".").sort(),d){f=S.event.special[d]||{},p=u[d=(r?f.delegateType:f.bindType)||d]||[],s=s[2]&&new RegExp("(^|\\.)"+h.join("\\.(?:.*\\.|)")+"(\\.|$)"),a=o=p.length;while(o--){c=p[o],!i&&g!==c.origType||n&&n.guid!==c.guid||s&&!s.test(c.namespace)||r&&r!==c.selector&&("**"!==r||!c.selector)||(p.splice(o,1),c.selector&&p.delegateCount--,f.remove&&f.remove.call(e,c))}a&&!p.length&&(f.teardown&&!1!==f.teardown.call(e,h,v.handle)||S.removeEvent(e,d,v.handle),delete u[d])}else{for(d in u){S.event.remove(e,d+t[l],n,r,!0)}}}S.isEmptyObject(u)&&Y.remove(e,"handle events")}},dispatch:function(e){var t,n,r,i,o,a,s=new Array(arguments.length),u=S.event.fix(e),l=(Y.get(this,"events")||Object.create(null))[u.type]||[],c=S.event.special[u.type]||{};for(s[0]=u,t=1;t<arguments.length;t++){s[t]=arguments[t]}if(u.delegateTarget=this,!c.preDispatch||!1!==c.preDispatch.call(this,u)){a=S.event.handlers.call(this,u,l),t=0;while((i=a[t++])&&!u.isPropagationStopped()){u.currentTarget=i.elem,n=0;while((o=i.handlers[n++])&&!u.isImmediatePropagationStopped()){u.rnamespace&&!1!==o.namespace&&!u.rnamespace.test(o.namespace)||(u.handleObj=o,u.data=o.data,void 0!==(r=((S.event.special[o.origType]||{}).handle||o.handler).apply(i.elem,s))&&!1===(u.result=r)&&(u.preventDefault(),u.stopPropagation()))}}return c.postDispatch&&c.postDispatch.call(this,u),u.result}},handlers:function(e,t){var n,r,i,o,a,s=[],u=t.delegateCount,l=e.target;if(u&&l.nodeType&&!("click"===e.type&&1<=e.button)){for(;l!==this;l=l.parentNode||this){if(1===l.nodeType&&("click"!==e.type||!0!==l.disabled)){for(o=[],a={},n=0;n<u;n++){void 0===a[i=(r=t[n]).selector+" "]&&(a[i]=r.needsContext?-1<S(i,this).index(l):S.find(i,this,null,[l]).length),a[i]&&o.push(r)}o.length&&s.push({elem:l,handlers:o})}}}return l=this,u<t.length&&s.push({elem:l,handlers:t.slice(u)}),s},addProp:function(t,e){Object.defineProperty(S.Event.prototype,t,{enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,get:m(e)?function(){if(this.originalEvent){return e(this.originalEvent)}}:function(){if(this.originalEvent){return this.originalEvent[t]}},set:function(e){Object.defineProperty(this,t,{enumerable:!0,configurable:!0,writable:!0,value:e})}})},fix:function(e){return e[S.expando]?e:new S.Event(e)},special:{load:{noBubble:!0},click:{setup:function(e){var t=this||e;return pe.test(t.type)&&t.click&&A(t,"input")&&Ae(t,"click",Ce),!1},trigger:function(e){var t=this||e;return pe.test(t.type)&&t.click&&A(t,"input")&&Ae(t,"click"),!0},_default:function(e){var t=e.target;return pe.test(t.type)&&t.click&&A(t,"input")&&Y.get(t,"click")||A(t,"a")}},beforeunload:{postDispatch:function(e){void 0!==e.result&&e.originalEvent&&(e.originalEvent.returnValue=e.result)}}}},S.removeEvent=function(e,t,n){e.removeEventListener&&e.removeEventListener(t,n)},S.Event=function(e,t){if(!(this instanceof S.Event)){return new S.Event(e,t)}e&&e.type?(this.originalEvent=e,this.type=e.type,this.isDefaultPrevented=e.defaultPrevented||void 0===e.defaultPrevented&&!1===e.returnValue?Ce:Ee,this.target=e.target&&3===e.target.nodeType?e.target.parentNode:e.target,this.currentTarget=e.currentTarget,this.relatedTarget=e.relatedTarget):this.type=e,t&&S.extend(this,t),this.timeStamp=e&&e.timeStamp||Date.now(),this[S.expando]=!0},S.Event.prototype={constructor:S.Event,isDefaultPrevented:Ee,isPropagationStopped:Ee,isImmediatePropagationStopped:Ee,isSimulated:!1,preventDefault:function(){var e=this.originalEvent;this.isDefaultPrevented=Ce,e&&!this.isSimulated&&e.preventDefault()},stopPropagation:function(){var e=this.originalEvent;this.isPropagationStopped=Ce,e&&!this.isSimulated&&e.stopPropagation()},stopImmediatePropagation:function(){var e=this.originalEvent;this.isImmediatePropagationStopped=Ce,e&&!this.isSimulated&&e.stopImmediatePropagation(),this.stopPropagation()}},S.each({altKey:!0,bubbles:!0,cancelable:!0,changedTouches:!0,ctrlKey:!0,detail:!0,eventPhase:!0,metaKey:!0,pageX:!0,pageY:!0,shiftKey:!0,view:!0,"char":!0,code:!0,charCode:!0,key:!0,keyCode:!0,button:!0,buttons:!0,clientX:!0,clientY:!0,offsetX:!0,offsetY:!0,pointerId:!0,pointerType:!0,screenX:!0,screenY:!0,targetTouches:!0,toElement:!0,touches:!0,which:function(e){var t=e.button;return null==e.which&&be.test(e.type)?null!=e.charCode?e.charCode:e.keyCode:!e.which&&void 0!==t&&we.test(e.type)?1&t?1:2&t?3:4&t?2:0:e.which}},S.event.addProp),S.each({focus:"focusin",blur:"focusout"},function(e,t){S.event.special[e]={setup:function(){return Ae(this,e,Se),!1},trigger:function(){return Ae(this,e),!0},delegateType:t}}),S.each({mouseenter:"mouseover",mouseleave:"mouseout",pointerenter:"pointerover",pointerleave:"pointerout"},function(e,i){S.event.special[e]={delegateType:i,bindType:i,handle:function(e){var t,n=e.relatedTarget,r=e.handleObj;return n&&(n===this||S.contains(this,n))||(e.type=r.origType,t=r.handler.apply(this,arguments),e.type=i),t}}}),S.fn.extend({on:function(e,t,n,r){return ke(this,e,t,n,r)},one:function(e,t,n,r){return ke(this,e,t,n,r,1)},off:function(e,t,n){var r,i;if(e&&e.preventDefault&&e.handleObj){return r=e.handleObj,S(e.delegateTarget).off(r.namespace?r.origType+"."+r.namespace:r.origType,r.selector,r.handler),this}if("object"==typeof e){for(i in e){this.off(i,t,e[i])}return this}return !1!==t&&"function"!=typeof t||(n=t,t=void 0),!1===n&&(n=Ee),this.each(function(){S.event.remove(this,e,n,t)})}});var Ne=/<script|<style|<link/i,De=/checked\s*(?:[^=]|=\s*.checked.)/i,je=/^\s*<!(?:\[CDATA\[|--)|(?:\]\]|--)>\s*$/g;function qe(e,t){return A(e,"table")&&A(11!==t.nodeType?t:t.firstChild,"tr")&&S(e).children("tbody")[0]||e}function Le(e){return e.type=(null!==e.getAttribute("type"))+"/"+e.type,e}function He(e){return"true/"===(e.type||"").slice(0,5)?e.type=e.type.slice(5):e.removeAttribute("type"),e}function Oe(e,t){var n,r,i,o,a,s;if(1===t.nodeType){if(Y.hasData(e)&&(s=Y.get(e).events)){for(i in Y.remove(t,"handle events"),s){for(n=0,r=s[i].length;n<r;n++){S.event.add(t,i,s[i][n])}}}Q.hasData(e)&&(o=Q.access(e),a=S.extend({},o),Q.set(t,a))}}function Pe(n,r,i,o){r=g(r);var e,t,a,s,u,l,c=0,f=n.length,p=f-1,d=r[0],h=m(d);if(h||1<f&&"string"==typeof d&&!y.checkClone&&De.test(d)){return n.each(function(e){var t=n.eq(e);h&&(r[0]=d.call(this,e,t.html())),Pe(t,r,i,o)})}if(f&&(t=(e=xe(r,n[0].ownerDocument,!1,n,o)).firstChild,1===e.childNodes.length&&(e=t),t||o)){for(s=(a=S.map(ve(e,"script"),Le)).length;c<f;c++){u=e,c!==p&&(u=S.clone(u,!0,!0),s&&S.merge(a,ve(u,"script"))),i.call(n[c],u,c)}if(s){for(l=a[a.length-1].ownerDocument,S.map(a,He),c=0;c<s;c++){u=a[c],he.test(u.type||"")&&!Y.access(u,"globalEval")&&S.contains(l,u)&&(u.src&&"module"!==(u.type||"").toLowerCase()?S._evalUrl&&!u.noModule&&S._evalUrl(u.src,{nonce:u.nonce||u.getAttribute("nonce")},l):b(u.textContent.replace(je,""),u,l))}}}return n}function Re(e,t,n){for(var r,i=t?S.filter(t,e):e,o=0;null!=(r=i[o]);o++){n||1!==r.nodeType||S.cleanData(ve(r)),r.parentNode&&(n&&ie(r)&&ye(ve(r,"script")),r.parentNode.removeChild(r))}return e}S.extend({htmlPrefilter:function(e){return e},clone:function(e,t,n){var r,i,o,a,s,u,l,c=e.cloneNode(!0),f=ie(e);if(!(y.noCloneChecked||1!==e.nodeType&&11!==e.nodeType||S.isXMLDoc(e))){for(a=ve(c),r=0,i=(o=ve(e)).length;r<i;r++){s=o[r],u=a[r],void 0,"input"===(l=u.nodeName.toLowerCase())&&pe.test(s.type)?u.checked=s.checked:"input"!==l&&"textarea"!==l||(u.defaultValue=s.defaultValue)}}if(t){if(n){for(o=o||ve(e),a=a||ve(c),r=0,i=o.length;r<i;r++){Oe(o[r],a[r])}}else{Oe(e,c)}}return 0<(a=ve(c,"script")).length&&ye(a,!f&&ve(e,"script")),c},cleanData:function(e){for(var t,n,r,i=S.event.special,o=0;void 0!==(n=e[o]);o++){if(V(n)){if(t=n[Y.expando]){if(t.events){for(r in t.events){i[r]?S.event.remove(n,r):S.removeEvent(n,r,t.handle)}}n[Y.expando]=void 0}n[Q.expando]&&(n[Q.expando]=void 0)}}}}),S.fn.extend({detach:function(e){return Re(this,e,!0)},remove:function(e){return Re(this,e)},text:function(e){return $(this,function(e){return void 0===e?S.text(this):this.empty().each(function(){1!==this.nodeType&&11!==this.nodeType&&9!==this.nodeType||(this.textContent=e)})},null,e,arguments.length)},append:function(){return Pe(this,arguments,function(e){1!==this.nodeType&&11!==this.nodeType&&9!==this.nodeType||qe(this,e).appendChild(e)})},prepend:function(){return Pe(this,arguments,function(e){if(1===this.nodeType||11===this.nodeType||9===this.nodeType){var t=qe(this,e);t.insertBefore(e,t.firstChild)}})},before:function(){return Pe(this,arguments,function(e){this.parentNode&&this.parentNode.insertBefore(e,this)})},after:function(){return Pe(this,arguments,function(e){this.parentNode&&this.parentNode.insertBefore(e,this.nextSibling)})},empty:function(){for(var e,t=0;null!=(e=this[t]);t++){1===e.nodeType&&(S.cleanData(ve(e,!1)),e.textContent="")}return this},clone:function(e,t){return e=null!=e&&e,t=null==t?e:t,this.map(function(){return S.clone(this,e,t)})},html:function(e){return $(this,function(e){var t=this[0]||{},n=0,r=this.length;if(void 0===e&&1===t.nodeType){return t.innerHTML}if("string"==typeof e&&!Ne.test(e)&&!ge[(de.exec(e)||["",""])[1].toLowerCase()]){e=S.htmlPrefilter(e);try{for(;n<r;n++){1===(t=this[n]||{}).nodeType&&(S.cleanData(ve(t,!1)),t.innerHTML=e)}t=0}catch(e){}}t&&this.empty().append(e)},null,e,arguments.length)},replaceWith:function(){var n=[];return Pe(this,arguments,function(e){var t=this.parentNode;S.inArray(this,n)<0&&(S.cleanData(ve(this)),t&&t.replaceChild(e,this))},n)}}),S.each({appendTo:"append",prependTo:"prepend",insertBefore:"before",insertAfter:"after",replaceAll:"replaceWith"},function(e,a){S.fn[e]=function(e){for(var t,n=[],r=S(e),i=r.length-1,o=0;o<=i;o++){t=o===i?this:this.clone(!0),S(r[o])[a](t),u.apply(n,t.get())}return this.pushStack(n)}});var Me=new RegExp("^("+ee+")(?!px)[a-z%]+$","i"),Ie=function(e){var t=e.ownerDocument.defaultView;return t&&t.opener||(t=C),t.getComputedStyle(e)},We=function(e,t,n){var r,i,o={};for(i in t){o[i]=e.style[i],e.style[i]=t[i]}for(i in r=n.call(e),t){e.style[i]=o[i]}return r},Fe=new RegExp(ne.join("|"),"i");function Be(e,t,n){var r,i,o,a,s=e.style;return(n=n||Ie(e))&&(""!==(a=n.getPropertyValue(t)||n[t])||ie(e)||(a=S.style(e,t)),!y.pixelBoxStyles()&&Me.test(a)&&Fe.test(t)&&(r=s.width,i=s.minWidth,o=s.maxWidth,s.minWidth=s.maxWidth=s.width=a,a=n.width,s.width=r,s.minWidth=i,s.maxWidth=o)),void 0!==a?a+"":a}function $e(e,t){return{get:function(){if(!e()){return(this.get=t).apply(this,arguments)}delete this.get}}}!function(){function e(){if(l){u.style.cssText="position:absolute;left:-11111px;width:60px;margin-top:1px;padding:0;border:0",l.style.cssText="position:relative;display:block;box-sizing:border-box;overflow:scroll;margin:auto;border:1px;padding:1px;width:60%;top:1%",re.appendChild(u).appendChild(l);var e=C.getComputedStyle(l);n="1%"!==e.top,s=12===t(e.marginLeft),l.style.right="60%",o=36===t(e.right),r=36===t(e.width),l.style.position="absolute",i=12===t(l.offsetWidth/3),re.removeChild(u),l=null}}function t(e){return Math.round(parseFloat(e))}var n,r,i,o,a,s,u=E.createElement("div"),l=E.createElement("div");l.style&&(l.style.backgroundClip="content-box",l.cloneNode(!0).style.backgroundClip="",y.clearCloneStyle="content-box"===l.style.backgroundClip,S.extend(y,{boxSizingReliable:function(){return e(),r},pixelBoxStyles:function(){return e(),o},pixelPosition:function(){return e(),n},reliableMarginLeft:function(){return e(),s},scrollboxSize:function(){return e(),i},reliableTrDimensions:function(){var e,t,n,r;return null==a&&(e=E.createElement("table"),t=E.createElement("tr"),n=E.createElement("div"),e.style.cssText="position:absolute;left:-11111px",t.style.height="1px",n.style.height="9px",re.appendChild(e).appendChild(t).appendChild(n),r=C.getComputedStyle(t),a=3<parseInt(r.height),re.removeChild(e)),a}}))}();var _e=["Webkit","Moz","ms"],ze=E.createElement("div").style,Ue={};function Xe(e){var t=S.cssProps[e]||Ue[e];return t||(e in ze?e:Ue[e]=function(e){var t=e[0].toUpperCase()+e.slice(1),n=_e.length;while(n--){if((e=_e[n]+t) in ze){return e}}}(e)||e)}var Ve=/^(none|table(?!-c[ea]).+)/,Ge=/^--/,Ye={position:"absolute",visibility:"hidden",display:"block"},Qe={letterSpacing:"0",fontWeight:"400"};function Je(e,t,n){var r=te.exec(t);return r?Math.max(0,r[2]-(n||0))+(r[3]||"px"):t}function Ke(e,t,n,r,i,o){var a="width"===t?1:0,s=0,u=0;if(n===(r?"border":"content")){return 0}for(;a<4;a+=2){"margin"===n&&(u+=S.css(e,n+ne[a],!0,i)),r?("content"===n&&(u-=S.css(e,"padding"+ne[a],!0,i)),"margin"!==n&&(u-=S.css(e,"border"+ne[a]+"Width",!0,i))):(u+=S.css(e,"padding"+ne[a],!0,i),"padding"!==n?u+=S.css(e,"border"+ne[a]+"Width",!0,i):s+=S.css(e,"border"+ne[a]+"Width",!0,i))}return !r&&0<=o&&(u+=Math.max(0,Math.ceil(e["offset"+t[0].toUpperCase()+t.slice(1)]-o-u-s-0.5))||0),u}function Ze(e,t,n){var r=Ie(e),i=(!y.boxSizingReliable()||n)&&"border-box"===S.css(e,"boxSizing",!1,r),o=i,a=Be(e,t,r),s="offset"+t[0].toUpperCase()+t.slice(1);if(Me.test(a)){if(!n){return a}a="auto"}return(!y.boxSizingReliable()&&i||!y.reliableTrDimensions()&&A(e,"tr")||"auto"===a||!parseFloat(a)&&"inline"===S.css(e,"display",!1,r))&&e.getClientRects().length&&(i="border-box"===S.css(e,"boxSizing",!1,r),(o=s in e)&&(a=e[s])),(a=parseFloat(a)||0)+Ke(e,t,n||(i?"border":"content"),o,r,a)+"px"}function et(e,t,n,r,i){return new et.prototype.init(e,t,n,r,i)}S.extend({cssHooks:{opacity:{get:function(e,t){if(t){var n=Be(e,"opacity");return""===n?"1":n}}}},cssNumber:{animationIterationCount:!0,columnCount:!0,fillOpacity:!0,flexGrow:!0,flexShrink:!0,fontWeight:!0,gridArea:!0,gridColumn:!0,gridColumnEnd:!0,gridColumnStart:!0,gridRow:!0,gridRowEnd:!0,gridRowStart:!0,lineHeight:!0,opacity:!0,order:!0,orphans:!0,widows:!0,zIndex:!0,zoom:!0},cssProps:{},style:function(e,t,n,r){if(e&&3!==e.nodeType&&8!==e.nodeType&&e.style){var i,o,a,s=X(t),u=Ge.test(t),l=e.style;if(u||(t=Xe(s)),a=S.cssHooks[t]||S.cssHooks[s],void 0===n){return a&&"get" in a&&void 0!==(i=a.get(e,!1,r))?i:l[t]}"string"===(o=typeof n)&&(i=te.exec(n))&&i[1]&&(n=se(e,t,i),o="number"),null!=n&&n==n&&("number"!==o||u||(n+=i&&i[3]||(S.cssNumber[s]?"":"px")),y.clearCloneStyle||""!==n||0!==t.indexOf("background")||(l[t]="inherit"),a&&"set" in a&&void 0===(n=a.set(e,n,r))||(u?l.setProperty(t,n):l[t]=n))}},css:function(e,t,n,r){var i,o,a,s=X(t);return Ge.test(t)||(t=Xe(s)),(a=S.cssHooks[t]||S.cssHooks[s])&&"get" in a&&(i=a.get(e,!0,n)),void 0===i&&(i=Be(e,t,r)),"normal"===i&&t in Qe&&(i=Qe[t]),""===n||n?(o=parseFloat(i),!0===n||isFinite(o)?o||0:i):i}}),S.each(["height","width"],function(e,u){S.cssHooks[u]={get:function(e,t,n){if(t){return !Ve.test(S.css(e,"display"))||e.getClientRects().length&&e.getBoundingClientRect().width?Ze(e,u,n):We(e,Ye,function(){return Ze(e,u,n)})}},set:function(e,t,n){var r,i=Ie(e),o=!y.scrollboxSize()&&"absolute"===i.position,a=(o||n)&&"border-box"===S.css(e,"boxSizing",!1,i),s=n?Ke(e,u,n,a,i):0;return a&&o&&(s-=Math.ceil(e["offset"+u[0].toUpperCase()+u.slice(1)]-parseFloat(i[u])-Ke(e,u,"border",!1,i)-0.5)),s&&(r=te.exec(t))&&"px"!==(r[3]||"px")&&(e.style[u]=t,t=S.css(e,u)),Je(0,t,s)}}}),S.cssHooks.marginLeft=$e(y.reliableMarginLeft,function(e,t){if(t){return(parseFloat(Be(e,"marginLeft"))||e.getBoundingClientRect().left-We(e,{marginLeft:0},function(){return e.getBoundingClientRect().left}))+"px"}}),S.each({margin:"",padding:"",border:"Width"},function(i,o){S.cssHooks[i+o]={expand:function(e){for(var t=0,n={},r="string"==typeof e?e.split(" "):[e];t<4;t++){n[i+ne[t]+o]=r[t]||r[t-2]||r[0]}return n}},"margin"!==i&&(S.cssHooks[i+o].set=Je)}),S.fn.extend({css:function(e,t){return $(this,function(e,t,n){var r,i,o={},a=0;if(Array.isArray(t)){for(r=Ie(e),i=t.length;a<i;a++){o[t[a]]=S.css(e,t[a],!1,r)}return o}return void 0!==n?S.style(e,t,n):S.css(e,t)},e,t,1<arguments.length)}}),((S.Tween=et).prototype={constructor:et,init:function(e,t,n,r,i,o){this.elem=e,this.prop=n,this.easing=i||S.easing._default,this.options=t,this.start=this.now=this.cur(),this.end=r,this.unit=o||(S.cssNumber[n]?"":"px")},cur:function(){var e=et.propHooks[this.prop];return e&&e.get?e.get(this):et.propHooks._default.get(this)},run:function(e){var t,n=et.propHooks[this.prop];return this.options.duration?this.pos=t=S.easing[this.easing](e,this.options.duration*e,0,1,this.options.duration):this.pos=t=e,this.now=(this.end-this.start)*t+this.start,this.options.step&&this.options.step.call(this.elem,this.now,this),n&&n.set?n.set(this):et.propHooks._default.set(this),this}}).init.prototype=et.prototype,(et.propHooks={_default:{get:function(e){var t;return 1!==e.elem.nodeType||null!=e.elem[e.prop]&&null==e.elem.style[e.prop]?e.elem[e.prop]:(t=S.css(e.elem,e.prop,""))&&"auto"!==t?t:0},set:function(e){S.fx.step[e.prop]?S.fx.step[e.prop](e):1!==e.elem.nodeType||!S.cssHooks[e.prop]&&null==e.elem.style[Xe(e.prop)]?e.elem[e.prop]=e.now:S.style(e.elem,e.prop,e.now+e.unit)}}}).scrollTop=et.propHooks.scrollLeft={set:function(e){e.elem.nodeType&&e.elem.parentNode&&(e.elem[e.prop]=e.now)}},S.easing={linear:function(e){return e},swing:function(e){return 0.5-Math.cos(e*Math.PI)/2},_default:"swing"},S.fx=et.prototype.init,S.fx.step={};var tt,nt,rt,it,ot=/^(?:toggle|show|hide)$/,at=/queueHooks$/;function st(){nt&&(!1===E.hidden&&C.requestAnimationFrame?C.requestAnimationFrame(st):C.setTimeout(st,S.fx.interval),S.fx.tick())}function ut(){return C.setTimeout(function(){tt=void 0}),tt=Date.now()}function lt(e,t){var n,r=0,i={height:e};for(t=t?1:0;r<4;r+=2-t){i["margin"+(n=ne[r])]=i["padding"+n]=e}return t&&(i.opacity=i.width=e),i}function ct(e,t,n){for(var r,i=(ft.tweeners[t]||[]).concat(ft.tweeners["*"]),o=0,a=i.length;o<a;o++){if(r=i[o].call(n,t,e)){return r}}}function ft(o,e,t){var n,a,r=0,i=ft.prefilters.length,s=S.Deferred().always(function(){delete u.elem}),u=function(){if(a){return !1}for(var e=tt||ut(),t=Math.max(0,l.startTime+l.duration-e),n=1-(t/l.duration||0),r=0,i=l.tweens.length;r<i;r++){l.tweens[r].run(n)}return s.notifyWith(o,[l,n,t]),n<1&&i?t:(i||s.notifyWith(o,[l,1,0]),s.resolveWith(o,[l]),!1)},l=s.promise({elem:o,props:S.extend({},e),opts:S.extend(!0,{specialEasing:{},easing:S.easing._default},t),originalProperties:e,originalOptions:t,startTime:tt||ut(),duration:t.duration,tweens:[],createTween:function(e,t){var n=S.Tween(o,l.opts,e,t,l.opts.specialEasing[e]||l.opts.easing);return l.tweens.push(n),n},stop:function(e){var t=0,n=e?l.tweens.length:0;if(a){return this}for(a=!0;t<n;t++){l.tweens[t].run(1)}return e?(s.notifyWith(o,[l,1,0]),s.resolveWith(o,[l,e])):s.rejectWith(o,[l,e]),this}}),c=l.props;for(!function(e,t){var n,r,i,o,a;for(n in e){if(i=t[r=X(n)],o=e[n],Array.isArray(o)&&(i=o[1],o=e[n]=o[0]),n!==r&&(e[r]=o,delete e[n]),(a=S.cssHooks[r])&&"expand" in a){for(n in o=a.expand(o),delete e[r],o){n in e||(e[n]=o[n],t[n]=i)}}else{t[r]=i}}}(c,l.opts.specialEasing);r<i;r++){if(n=ft.prefilters[r].call(l,o,c,l.opts)){return m(n.stop)&&(S._queueHooks(l.elem,l.opts.queue).stop=n.stop.bind(n)),n}}return S.map(c,ct,l),m(l.opts.start)&&l.opts.start.call(o,l),l.progress(l.opts.progress).done(l.opts.done,l.opts.complete).fail(l.opts.fail).always(l.opts.always),S.fx.timer(S.extend(u,{elem:o,anim:l,queue:l.opts.queue})),l}S.Animation=S.extend(ft,{tweeners:{"*":[function(e,t){var n=this.createTween(e,t);return se(n.elem,e,te.exec(t),n),n}]},tweener:function(e,t){m(e)?(t=e,e=["*"]):e=e.match(P);for(var n,r=0,i=e.length;r<i;r++){n=e[r],ft.tweeners[n]=ft.tweeners[n]||[],ft.tweeners[n].unshift(t)}},prefilters:[function(e,t,n){var r,i,o,a,s,u,l,c,f="width" in t||"height" in t,p=this,d={},h=e.style,g=e.nodeType&&ae(e),v=Y.get(e,"fxshow");for(r in n.queue||(null==(a=S._queueHooks(e,"fx")).unqueued&&(a.unqueued=0,s=a.empty.fire,a.empty.fire=function(){a.unqueued||s()}),a.unqueued++,p.always(function(){p.always(function(){a.unqueued--,S.queue(e,"fx").length||a.empty.fire()})})),t){if(i=t[r],ot.test(i)){if(delete t[r],o=o||"toggle"===i,i===(g?"hide":"show")){if("show"!==i||!v||void 0===v[r]){continue}g=!0}d[r]=v&&v[r]||S.style(e,r)}}if((u=!S.isEmptyObject(t))||!S.isEmptyObject(d)){for(r in f&&1===e.nodeType&&(n.overflow=[h.overflow,h.overflowX,h.overflowY],null==(l=v&&v.display)&&(l=Y.get(e,"display")),"none"===(c=S.css(e,"display"))&&(l?c=l:(le([e],!0),l=e.style.display||l,c=S.css(e,"display"),le([e]))),("inline"===c||"inline-block"===c&&null!=l)&&"none"===S.css(e,"float")&&(u||(p.done(function(){h.display=l}),null==l&&(c=h.display,l="none"===c?"":c)),h.display="inline-block")),n.overflow&&(h.overflow="hidden",p.always(function(){h.overflow=n.overflow[0],h.overflowX=n.overflow[1],h.overflowY=n.overflow[2]})),u=!1,d){u||(v?"hidden" in v&&(g=v.hidden):v=Y.access(e,"fxshow",{display:l}),o&&(v.hidden=!g),g&&le([e],!0),p.done(function(){for(r in g||le([e]),Y.remove(e,"fxshow"),d){S.style(e,r,d[r])}})),u=ct(g?v[r]:0,r,p),r in v||(v[r]=u.start,g&&(u.end=u.start,u.start=0))}}}],prefilter:function(e,t){t?ft.prefilters.unshift(e):ft.prefilters.push(e)}}),S.speed=function(e,t,n){var r=e&&"object"==typeof e?S.extend({},e):{complete:n||!n&&t||m(e)&&e,duration:e,easing:n&&t||t&&!m(t)&&t};return S.fx.off?r.duration=0:"number"!=typeof r.duration&&(r.duration in S.fx.speeds?r.duration=S.fx.speeds[r.duration]:r.duration=S.fx.speeds._default),null!=r.queue&&!0!==r.queue||(r.queue="fx"),r.old=r.complete,r.complete=function(){m(r.old)&&r.old.call(this),r.queue&&S.dequeue(this,r.queue)},r},S.fn.extend({fadeTo:function(e,t,n,r){return this.filter(ae).css("opacity",0).show().end().animate({opacity:t},e,n,r)},animate:function(t,e,n,r){var i=S.isEmptyObject(t),o=S.speed(e,n,r),a=function(){var e=ft(this,S.extend({},t),o);(i||Y.get(this,"finish"))&&e.stop(!0)};return a.finish=a,i||!1===o.queue?this.each(a):this.queue(o.queue,a)},stop:function(i,e,o){var a=function(e){var t=e.stop;delete e.stop,t(o)};return"string"!=typeof i&&(o=e,e=i,i=void 0),e&&this.queue(i||"fx",[]),this.each(function(){var e=!0,t=null!=i&&i+"queueHooks",n=S.timers,r=Y.get(this);if(t){r[t]&&r[t].stop&&a(r[t])}else{for(t in r){r[t]&&r[t].stop&&at.test(t)&&a(r[t])}}for(t=n.length;t--;){n[t].elem!==this||null!=i&&n[t].queue!==i||(n[t].anim.stop(o),e=!1,n.splice(t,1))}!e&&o||S.dequeue(this,i)})},finish:function(a){return !1!==a&&(a=a||"fx"),this.each(function(){var e,t=Y.get(this),n=t[a+"queue"],r=t[a+"queueHooks"],i=S.timers,o=n?n.length:0;for(t.finish=!0,S.queue(this,a,[]),r&&r.stop&&r.stop.call(this,!0),e=i.length;e--;){i[e].elem===this&&i[e].queue===a&&(i[e].anim.stop(!0),i.splice(e,1))}for(e=0;e<o;e++){n[e]&&n[e].finish&&n[e].finish.call(this)}delete t.finish})}}),S.each(["toggle","show","hide"],function(e,r){var i=S.fn[r];S.fn[r]=function(e,t,n){return null==e||"boolean"==typeof e?i.apply(this,arguments):this.animate(lt(r,!0),e,t,n)}}),S.each({slideDown:lt("show"),slideUp:lt("hide"),slideToggle:lt("toggle"),fadeIn:{opacity:"show"},fadeOut:{opacity:"hide"},fadeToggle:{opacity:"toggle"}},function(e,r){S.fn[e]=function(e,t,n){return this.animate(r,e,t,n)}}),S.timers=[],S.fx.tick=function(){var e,t=0,n=S.timers;for(tt=Date.now();t<n.length;t++){(e=n[t])()||n[t]!==e||n.splice(t--,1)}n.length||S.fx.stop(),tt=void 0},S.fx.timer=function(e){S.timers.push(e),S.fx.start()},S.fx.interval=13,S.fx.start=function(){nt||(nt=!0,st())},S.fx.stop=function(){nt=null},S.fx.speeds={slow:600,fast:200,_default:400},S.fn.delay=function(r,e){return r=S.fx&&S.fx.speeds[r]||r,e=e||"fx",this.queue(e,function(e,t){var n=C.setTimeout(e,r);t.stop=function(){C.clearTimeout(n)}})},rt=E.createElement("input"),it=E.createElement("select").appendChild(E.createElement("option")),rt.type="checkbox",y.checkOn=""!==rt.value,y.optSelected=it.selected,(rt=E.createElement("input")).value="t",rt.type="radio",y.radioValue="t"===rt.value;var pt,dt=S.expr.attrHandle;S.fn.extend({attr:function(e,t){return $(this,S.attr,e,t,1<arguments.length)},removeAttr:function(e){return this.each(function(){S.removeAttr(this,e)})}}),S.extend({attr:function(e,t,n){var r,i,o=e.nodeType;if(3!==o&&8!==o&&2!==o){return"undefined"==typeof e.getAttribute?S.prop(e,t,n):(1===o&&S.isXMLDoc(e)||(i=S.attrHooks[t.toLowerCase()]||(S.expr.match.bool.test(t)?pt:void 0)),void 0!==n?null===n?void S.removeAttr(e,t):i&&"set" in i&&void 0!==(r=i.set(e,n,t))?r:(e.setAttribute(t,n+""),n):i&&"get" in i&&null!==(r=i.get(e,t))?r:null==(r=S.find.attr(e,t))?void 0:r)}},attrHooks:{type:{set:function(e,t){if(!y.radioValue&&"radio"===t&&A(e,"input")){var n=e.value;return e.setAttribute("type",t),n&&(e.value=n),t}}}},removeAttr:function(e,t){var n,r=0,i=t&&t.match(P);if(i&&1===e.nodeType){while(n=i[r++]){e.removeAttribute(n)}}}}),pt={set:function(e,t,n){return !1===t?S.removeAttr(e,n):e.setAttribute(n,n),n}},S.each(S.expr.match.bool.source.match(/\w+/g),function(e,t){var a=dt[t]||S.find.attr;dt[t]=function(e,t,n){var r,i,o=t.toLowerCase();return n||(i=dt[o],dt[o]=r,r=null!=a(e,t,n)?o:null,dt[o]=i),r}});var ht=/^(?:input|select|textarea|button)$/i,gt=/^(?:a|area)$/i;function vt(e){return(e.match(P)||[]).join(" ")}function yt(e){return e.getAttribute&&e.getAttribute("class")||""}function mt(e){return Array.isArray(e)?e:"string"==typeof e&&e.match(P)||[]}S.fn.extend({prop:function(e,t){return $(this,S.prop,e,t,1<arguments.length)},removeProp:function(e){return this.each(function(){delete this[S.propFix[e]||e]})}}),S.extend({prop:function(e,t,n){var r,i,o=e.nodeType;if(3!==o&&8!==o&&2!==o){return 1===o&&S.isXMLDoc(e)||(t=S.propFix[t]||t,i=S.propHooks[t]),void 0!==n?i&&"set" in i&&void 0!==(r=i.set(e,n,t))?r:e[t]=n:i&&"get" in i&&null!==(r=i.get(e,t))?r:e[t]}},propHooks:{tabIndex:{get:function(e){var t=S.find.attr(e,"tabindex");return t?parseInt(t,10):ht.test(e.nodeName)||gt.test(e.nodeName)&&e.href?0:-1}}},propFix:{"for":"htmlFor","class":"className"}}),y.optSelected||(S.propHooks.selected={get:function(e){var t=e.parentNode;return t&&t.parentNode&&t.parentNode.selectedIndex,null},set:function(e){var t=e.parentNode;t&&(t.selectedIndex,t.parentNode&&t.parentNode.selectedIndex)}}),S.each(["tabIndex","readOnly","maxLength","cellSpacing","cellPadding","rowSpan","colSpan","useMap","frameBorder","contentEditable"],function(){S.propFix[this.toLowerCase()]=this}),S.fn.extend({addClass:function(t){var e,n,r,i,o,a,s,u=0;if(m(t)){return this.each(function(e){S(this).addClass(t.call(this,e,yt(this)))})}if((e=mt(t)).length){while(n=this[u++]){if(i=yt(n),r=1===n.nodeType&&" "+vt(i)+" "){a=0;while(o=e[a++]){r.indexOf(" "+o+" ")<0&&(r+=o+" ")}i!==(s=vt(r))&&n.setAttribute("class",s)}}}return this},removeClass:function(t){var e,n,r,i,o,a,s,u=0;if(m(t)){return this.each(function(e){S(this).removeClass(t.call(this,e,yt(this)))})}if(!arguments.length){return this.attr("class","")}if((e=mt(t)).length){while(n=this[u++]){if(i=yt(n),r=1===n.nodeType&&" "+vt(i)+" "){a=0;while(o=e[a++]){while(-1<r.indexOf(" "+o+" ")){r=r.replace(" "+o+" "," ")}}i!==(s=vt(r))&&n.setAttribute("class",s)}}}return this},toggleClass:function(i,t){var o=typeof i,a="string"===o||Array.isArray(i);return"boolean"==typeof t&&a?t?this.addClass(i):this.removeClass(i):m(i)?this.each(function(e){S(this).toggleClass(i.call(this,e,yt(this),t),t)}):this.each(function(){var e,t,n,r;if(a){t=0,n=S(this),r=mt(i);while(e=r[t++]){n.hasClass(e)?n.removeClass(e):n.addClass(e)}}else{void 0!==i&&"boolean"!==o||((e=yt(this))&&Y.set(this,"__className__",e),this.setAttribute&&this.setAttribute("class",e||!1===i?"":Y.get(this,"__className__")||""))}})},hasClass:function(e){var t,n,r=0;t=" "+e+" ";while(n=this[r++]){if(1===n.nodeType&&-1<(" "+vt(yt(n))+" ").indexOf(t)){return !0}}return !1}});var xt=/\r/g;S.fn.extend({val:function(n){var r,e,i,t=this[0];return arguments.length?(i=m(n),this.each(function(e){var t;1===this.nodeType&&(null==(t=i?n.call(this,e,S(this).val()):n)?t="":"number"==typeof t?t+="":Array.isArray(t)&&(t=S.map(t,function(e){return null==e?"":e+""})),(r=S.valHooks[this.type]||S.valHooks[this.nodeName.toLowerCase()])&&"set" in r&&void 0!==r.set(this,t,"value")||(this.value=t))})):t?(r=S.valHooks[t.type]||S.valHooks[t.nodeName.toLowerCase()])&&"get" in r&&void 0!==(e=r.get(t,"value"))?e:"string"==typeof(e=t.value)?e.replace(xt,""):null==e?"":e:void 0}}),S.extend({valHooks:{option:{get:function(e){var t=S.find.attr(e,"value");return null!=t?t:vt(S.text(e))}},select:{get:function(e){var t,n,r,i=e.options,o=e.selectedIndex,a="select-one"===e.type,s=a?null:[],u=a?o+1:i.length;for(r=o<0?u:a?o:0;r<u;r++){if(((n=i[r]).selected||r===o)&&!n.disabled&&(!n.parentNode.disabled||!A(n.parentNode,"optgroup"))){if(t=S(n).val(),a){return t}s.push(t)}}return s},set:function(e,t){var n,r,i=e.options,o=S.makeArray(t),a=i.length;while(a--){((r=i[a]).selected=-1<S.inArray(S.valHooks.option.get(r),o))&&(n=!0)}return n||(e.selectedIndex=-1),o}}}}),S.each(["radio","checkbox"],function(){S.valHooks[this]={set:function(e,t){if(Array.isArray(t)){return e.checked=-1<S.inArray(S(e).val(),t)}}},y.checkOn||(S.valHooks[this].get=function(e){return null===e.getAttribute("value")?"on":e.value})}),y.focusin="onfocusin" in C;var bt=/^(?:focusinfocus|focusoutblur)$/,wt=function(e){e.stopPropagation()};S.extend(S.event,{trigger:function(e,t,n,r){var i,o,a,s,u,l,c,f,p=[n||E],d=v.call(e,"type")?e.type:e,h=v.call(e,"namespace")?e.namespace.split("."):[];if(o=f=a=n=n||E,3!==n.nodeType&&8!==n.nodeType&&!bt.test(d+S.event.triggered)&&(-1<d.indexOf(".")&&(d=(h=d.split(".")).shift(),h.sort()),u=d.indexOf(":")<0&&"on"+d,(e=e[S.expando]?e:new S.Event(d,"object"==typeof e&&e)).isTrigger=r?2:3,e.namespace=h.join("."),e.rnamespace=e.namespace?new RegExp("(^|\\.)"+h.join("\\.(?:.*\\.|)")+"(\\.|$)"):null,e.result=void 0,e.target||(e.target=n),t=null==t?[e]:S.makeArray(t,[e]),c=S.event.special[d]||{},r||!c.trigger||!1!==c.trigger.apply(n,t))){if(!r&&!c.noBubble&&!x(n)){for(s=c.delegateType||d,bt.test(s+d)||(o=o.parentNode);o;o=o.parentNode){p.push(o),a=o}a===(n.ownerDocument||E)&&p.push(a.defaultView||a.parentWindow||C)}i=0;while((o=p[i++])&&!e.isPropagationStopped()){f=o,e.type=1<i?s:c.bindType||d,(l=(Y.get(o,"events")||Object.create(null))[e.type]&&Y.get(o,"handle"))&&l.apply(o,t),(l=u&&o[u])&&l.apply&&V(o)&&(e.result=l.apply(o,t),!1===e.result&&e.preventDefault())}return e.type=d,r||e.isDefaultPrevented()||c._default&&!1!==c._default.apply(p.pop(),t)||!V(n)||u&&m(n[d])&&!x(n)&&((a=n[u])&&(n[u]=null),S.event.triggered=d,e.isPropagationStopped()&&f.addEventListener(d,wt),n[d](),e.isPropagationStopped()&&f.removeEventListener(d,wt),S.event.triggered=void 0,a&&(n[u]=a)),e.result}},simulate:function(e,t,n){var r=S.extend(new S.Event,n,{type:e,isSimulated:!0});S.event.trigger(r,null,t)}}),S.fn.extend({trigger:function(e,t){return this.each(function(){S.event.trigger(e,t,this)})},triggerHandler:function(e,t){var n=this[0];if(n){return S.event.trigger(e,t,n,!0)}}}),y.focusin||S.each({focus:"focusin",blur:"focusout"},function(n,r){var i=function(e){S.event.simulate(r,e.target,S.event.fix(e))};S.event.special[r]={setup:function(){var e=this.ownerDocument||this.document||this,t=Y.access(e,r);t||e.addEventListener(n,i,!0),Y.access(e,r,(t||0)+1)},teardown:function(){var e=this.ownerDocument||this.document||this,t=Y.access(e,r)-1;t?Y.access(e,r,t):(e.removeEventListener(n,i,!0),Y.remove(e,r))}}});var Tt=C.location,Ct={guid:Date.now()},Et=/\?/;S.parseXML=function(e){var t;if(!e||"string"!=typeof e){return null}try{t=(new C.DOMParser).parseFromString(e,"text/xml")}catch(e){t=void 0}return t&&!t.getElementsByTagName("parsererror").length||S.error("Invalid XML: "+e),t};var St=/\[\]$/,kt=/\r?\n/g,At=/^(?:submit|button|image|reset|file)$/i,Nt=/^(?:input|select|textarea|keygen)/i;function Dt(n,e,r,i){var t;if(Array.isArray(e)){S.each(e,function(e,t){r||St.test(n)?i(n,t):Dt(n+"["+("object"==typeof t&&null!=t?e:"")+"]",t,r,i)})}else{if(r||"object"!==w(e)){i(n,e)}else{for(t in e){Dt(n+"["+t+"]",e[t],r,i)}}}}S.param=function(e,t){var n,r=[],i=function(e,t){var n=m(t)?t():t;r[r.length]=encodeURIComponent(e)+"="+encodeURIComponent(null==n?"":n)};if(null==e){return""}if(Array.isArray(e)||e.jquery&&!S.isPlainObject(e)){S.each(e,function(){i(this.name,this.value)})}else{for(n in e){Dt(n,e[n],t,i)}}return r.join("&")},S.fn.extend({serialize:function(){return S.param(this.serializeArray())},serializeArray:function(){return this.map(function(){var e=S.prop(this,"elements");return e?S.makeArray(e):this}).filter(function(){var e=this.type;return this.name&&!S(this).is(":disabled")&&Nt.test(this.nodeName)&&!At.test(e)&&(this.checked||!pe.test(e))}).map(function(e,t){var n=S(this).val();return null==n?null:Array.isArray(n)?S.map(n,function(e){return{name:t.name,value:e.replace(kt,"\r\n")}}):{name:t.name,value:n.replace(kt,"\r\n")}}).get()}});var jt=/%20/g,qt=/#.*$/,Lt=/([?&])_=[^&]*/,Ht=/^(.*?):[ \t]*([^\r\n]*)$/gm,Ot=/^(?:GET|HEAD)$/,Pt=/^\/\//,Rt={},Mt={},It="*/".concat("*"),Wt=E.createElement("a");function Ft(o){return function(e,t){"string"!=typeof e&&(t=e,e="*");var n,r=0,i=e.toLowerCase().match(P)||[];if(m(t)){while(n=i[r++]){"+"===n[0]?(n=n.slice(1)||"*",(o[n]=o[n]||[]).unshift(t)):(o[n]=o[n]||[]).push(t)}}}}function Bt(t,i,o,a){var s={},u=t===Mt;function l(e){var r;return s[e]=!0,S.each(t[e]||[],function(e,t){var n=t(i,o,a);return"string"!=typeof n||u||s[n]?u?!(r=n):void 0:(i.dataTypes.unshift(n),l(n),!1)}),r}return l(i.dataTypes[0])||!s["*"]&&l("*")}function $t(e,t){var n,r,i=S.ajaxSettings.flatOptions||{};for(n in t){void 0!==t[n]&&((i[n]?e:r||(r={}))[n]=t[n])}return r&&S.extend(!0,e,r),e}Wt.href=Tt.href,S.extend({active:0,lastModified:{},etag:{},ajaxSettings:{url:Tt.href,type:"GET",isLocal:/^(?:about|app|app-storage|.+-extension|file|res|widget):$/.test(Tt.protocol),global:!0,processData:!0,async:!0,contentType:"application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8",accepts:{"*":It,text:"text/plain",html:"text/html",xml:"application/xml, text/xml",json:"application/json, text/javascript"},contents:{xml:/\bxml\b/,html:/\bhtml/,json:/\bjson\b/},responseFields:{xml:"responseXML",text:"responseText",json:"responseJSON"},converters:{"* text":String,"text html":!0,"text json":JSON.parse,"text xml":S.parseXML},flatOptions:{url:!0,context:!0}},ajaxSetup:function(e,t){return t?$t($t(e,S.ajaxSettings),t):$t(S.ajaxSettings,e)},ajaxPrefilter:Ft(Rt),ajaxTransport:Ft(Mt),ajax:function(e,t){"object"==typeof e&&(t=e,e=void 0),t=t||{};var c,f,p,n,d,r,h,g,i,o,v=S.ajaxSetup({},t),y=v.context||v,m=v.context&&(y.nodeType||y.jquery)?S(y):S.event,x=S.Deferred(),b=S.Callbacks("once memory"),w=v.statusCode||{},a={},s={},u="canceled",T={readyState:0,getResponseHeader:function(e){var t;if(h){if(!n){n={};while(t=Ht.exec(p)){n[t[1].toLowerCase()+" "]=(n[t[1].toLowerCase()+" "]||[]).concat(t[2])}}t=n[e.toLowerCase()+" "]}return null==t?null:t.join(", ")},getAllResponseHeaders:function(){return h?p:null},setRequestHeader:function(e,t){return null==h&&(e=s[e.toLowerCase()]=s[e.toLowerCase()]||e,a[e]=t),this},overrideMimeType:function(e){return null==h&&(v.mimeType=e),this},statusCode:function(e){var t;if(e){if(h){T.always(e[T.status])}else{for(t in e){w[t]=[w[t],e[t]]}}}return this},abort:function(e){var t=e||u;return c&&c.abort(t),l(0,t),this}};if(x.promise(T),v.url=((e||v.url||Tt.href)+"").replace(Pt,Tt.protocol+"//"),v.type=t.method||t.type||v.method||v.type,v.dataTypes=(v.dataType||"*").toLowerCase().match(P)||[""],null==v.crossDomain){r=E.createElement("a");try{r.href=v.url,r.href=r.href,v.crossDomain=Wt.protocol+"//"+Wt.host!=r.protocol+"//"+r.host}catch(e){v.crossDomain=!0}}if(v.data&&v.processData&&"string"!=typeof v.data&&(v.data=S.param(v.data,v.traditional)),Bt(Rt,v,t,T),h){return T}for(i in (g=S.event&&v.global)&&0==S.active++&&S.event.trigger("ajaxStart"),v.type=v.type.toUpperCase(),v.hasContent=!Ot.test(v.type),f=v.url.replace(qt,""),v.hasContent?v.data&&v.processData&&0===(v.contentType||"").indexOf("application/x-www-form-urlencoded")&&(v.data=v.data.replace(jt,"+")):(o=v.url.slice(f.length),v.data&&(v.processData||"string"==typeof v.data)&&(f+=(Et.test(f)?"&":"?")+v.data,delete v.data),!1===v.cache&&(f=f.replace(Lt,"$1"),o=(Et.test(f)?"&":"?")+"_="+Ct.guid+++o),v.url=f+o),v.ifModified&&(S.lastModified[f]&&T.setRequestHeader("If-Modified-Since",S.lastModified[f]),S.etag[f]&&T.setRequestHeader("If-None-Match",S.etag[f])),(v.data&&v.hasContent&&!1!==v.contentType||t.contentType)&&T.setRequestHeader("Content-Type",v.contentType),T.setRequestHeader("Accept",v.dataTypes[0]&&v.accepts[v.dataTypes[0]]?v.accepts[v.dataTypes[0]]+("*"!==v.dataTypes[0]?", "+It+"; q=0.01":""):v.accepts["*"]),v.headers){T.setRequestHeader(i,v.headers[i])}if(v.beforeSend&&(!1===v.beforeSend.call(y,T,v)||h)){return T.abort()}if(u="abort",b.add(v.complete),T.done(v.success),T.fail(v.error),c=Bt(Mt,v,t,T)){if(T.readyState=1,g&&m.trigger("ajaxSend",[T,v]),h){return T}v.async&&0<v.timeout&&(d=C.setTimeout(function(){T.abort("timeout")},v.timeout));try{h=!1,c.send(a,l)}catch(e){if(h){throw e}l(-1,e)}}else{l(-1,"No Transport")}function l(e,t,n,r){var i,o,a,s,u,l=t;h||(h=!0,d&&C.clearTimeout(d),c=void 0,p=r||"",T.readyState=0<e?4:0,i=200<=e&&e<300||304===e,n&&(s=function(e,t,n){var r,i,o,a,s=e.contents,u=e.dataTypes;while("*"===u[0]){u.shift(),void 0===r&&(r=e.mimeType||t.getResponseHeader("Content-Type"))}if(r){for(i in s){if(s[i]&&s[i].test(r)){u.unshift(i);break}}}if(u[0] in n){o=u[0]}else{for(i in n){if(!u[0]||e.converters[i+" "+u[0]]){o=i;break}a||(a=i)}o=o||a}if(o){return o!==u[0]&&u.unshift(o),n[o]}}(v,T,n)),!i&&-1<S.inArray("script",v.dataTypes)&&(v.converters["text script"]=function(){}),s=function(e,t,n,r){var i,o,a,s,u,l={},c=e.dataTypes.slice();if(c[1]){for(a in e.converters){l[a.toLowerCase()]=e.converters[a]}}o=c.shift();while(o){if(e.responseFields[o]&&(n[e.responseFields[o]]=t),!u&&r&&e.dataFilter&&(t=e.dataFilter(t,e.dataType)),u=o,o=c.shift()){if("*"===o){o=u}else{if("*"!==u&&u!==o){if(!(a=l[u+" "+o]||l["* "+o])){for(i in l){if((s=i.split(" "))[1]===o&&(a=l[u+" "+s[0]]||l["* "+s[0]])){!0===a?a=l[i]:!0!==l[i]&&(o=s[0],c.unshift(s[1]));break}}}if(!0!==a){if(a&&e["throws"]){t=a(t)}else{try{t=a(t)}catch(e){return{state:"parsererror",error:a?e:"No conversion from "+u+" to "+o}}}}}}}}return{state:"success",data:t}}(v,s,T,i),i?(v.ifModified&&((u=T.getResponseHeader("Last-Modified"))&&(S.lastModified[f]=u),(u=T.getResponseHeader("etag"))&&(S.etag[f]=u)),204===e||"HEAD"===v.type?l="nocontent":304===e?l="notmodified":(l=s.state,o=s.data,i=!(a=s.error))):(a=l,!e&&l||(l="error",e<0&&(e=0))),T.status=e,T.statusText=(t||l)+"",i?x.resolveWith(y,[o,l,T]):x.rejectWith(y,[T,l,a]),T.statusCode(w),w=void 0,g&&m.trigger(i?"ajaxSuccess":"ajaxError",[T,v,i?o:a]),b.fireWith(y,[T,l]),g&&(m.trigger("ajaxComplete",[T,v]),--S.active||S.event.trigger("ajaxStop")))}return T},getJSON:function(e,t,n){return S.get(e,t,n,"json")},getScript:function(e,t){return S.get(e,void 0,t,"script")}}),S.each(["get","post"],function(e,i){S[i]=function(e,t,n,r){return m(t)&&(r=r||n,n=t,t=void 0),S.ajax(S.extend({url:e,type:i,dataType:r,data:t,success:n},S.isPlainObject(e)&&e))}}),S.ajaxPrefilter(function(e){var t;for(t in e.headers){"content-type"===t.toLowerCase()&&(e.contentType=e.headers[t]||"")}}),S._evalUrl=function(e,t,n){return S.ajax({url:e,type:"GET",dataType:"script",cache:!0,async:!1,global:!1,converters:{"text script":function(){}},dataFilter:function(e){S.globalEval(e,t,n)}})},S.fn.extend({wrapAll:function(e){var t;return this[0]&&(m(e)&&(e=e.call(this[0])),t=S(e,this[0].ownerDocument).eq(0).clone(!0),this[0].parentNode&&t.insertBefore(this[0]),t.map(function(){var e=this;while(e.firstElementChild){e=e.firstElementChild}return e}).append(this)),this},wrapInner:function(n){return m(n)?this.each(function(e){S(this).wrapInner(n.call(this,e))}):this.each(function(){var e=S(this),t=e.contents();t.length?t.wrapAll(n):e.append(n)})},wrap:function(t){var n=m(t);return this.each(function(e){S(this).wrapAll(n?t.call(this,e):t)})},unwrap:function(e){return this.parent(e).not("body").each(function(){S(this).replaceWith(this.childNodes)}),this}}),S.expr.pseudos.hidden=function(e){return !S.expr.pseudos.visible(e)},S.expr.pseudos.visible=function(e){return !!(e.offsetWidth||e.offsetHeight||e.getClientRects().length)},S.ajaxSettings.xhr=function(){try{return new C.XMLHttpRequest}catch(e){}};var _t={0:200,1223:204},zt=S.ajaxSettings.xhr();y.cors=!!zt&&"withCredentials" in zt,y.ajax=zt=!!zt,S.ajaxTransport(function(i){var o,a;if(y.cors||zt&&!i.crossDomain){return{send:function(e,t){var n,r=i.xhr();if(r.open(i.type,i.url,i.async,i.username,i.password),i.xhrFields){for(n in i.xhrFields){r[n]=i.xhrFields[n]}}for(n in i.mimeType&&r.overrideMimeType&&r.overrideMimeType(i.mimeType),i.crossDomain||e["X-Requested-With"]||(e["X-Requested-With"]="XMLHttpRequest"),e){r.setRequestHeader(n,e[n])}o=function(e){return function(){o&&(o=a=r.onload=r.onerror=r.onabort=r.ontimeout=r.onreadystatechange=null,"abort"===e?r.abort():"error"===e?"number"!=typeof r.status?t(0,"error"):t(r.status,r.statusText):t(_t[r.status]||r.status,r.statusText,"text"!==(r.responseType||"text")||"string"!=typeof r.responseText?{binary:r.response}:{text:r.responseText},r.getAllResponseHeaders()))}},r.onload=o(),a=r.onerror=r.ontimeout=o("error"),void 0!==r.onabort?r.onabort=a:r.onreadystatechange=function(){4===r.readyState&&C.setTimeout(function(){o&&a()})},o=o("abort");try{r.send(i.hasContent&&i.data||null)}catch(e){if(o){throw e}}},abort:function(){o&&o()}}}}),S.ajaxPrefilter(function(e){e.crossDomain&&(e.contents.script=!1)}),S.ajaxSetup({accepts:{script:"text/javascript, application/javascript, application/ecmascript, application/x-ecmascript"},contents:{script:/\b(?:java|ecma)script\b/},converters:{"text script":function(e){return S.globalEval(e),e}}}),S.ajaxPrefilter("script",function(e){void 0===e.cache&&(e.cache=!1),e.crossDomain&&(e.type="GET")}),S.ajaxTransport("script",function(n){var r,i;if(n.crossDomain||n.scriptAttrs){return{send:function(e,t){r=S("<script>").attr(n.scriptAttrs||{}).prop({charset:n.scriptCharset,src:n.url}).on("load error",i=function(e){r.remove(),i=null,e&&t("error"===e.type?404:200,e.type)}),E.head.appendChild(r[0])},abort:function(){i&&i()}}}});var Ut,Xt=[],Vt=/(=)\?(?=&|$)|\?\?/;S.ajaxSetup({jsonp:"callback",jsonpCallback:function(){var e=Xt.pop()||S.expando+"_"+Ct.guid++;return this[e]=!0,e}}),S.ajaxPrefilter("json jsonp",function(e,t,n){var r,i,o,a=!1!==e.jsonp&&(Vt.test(e.url)?"url":"string"==typeof e.data&&0===(e.contentType||"").indexOf("application/x-www-form-urlencoded")&&Vt.test(e.data)&&"data");if(a||"jsonp"===e.dataTypes[0]){return r=e.jsonpCallback=m(e.jsonpCallback)?e.jsonpCallback():e.jsonpCallback,a?e[a]=e[a].replace(Vt,"$1"+r):!1!==e.jsonp&&(e.url+=(Et.test(e.url)?"&":"?")+e.jsonp+"="+r),e.converters["script json"]=function(){return o||S.error(r+" was not called"),o[0]},e.dataTypes[0]="json",i=C[r],C[r]=function(){o=arguments},n.always(function(){void 0===i?S(C).removeProp(r):C[r]=i,e[r]&&(e.jsonpCallback=t.jsonpCallback,Xt.push(r)),o&&m(i)&&i(o[0]),o=i=void 0}),"script"}}),y.createHTMLDocument=((Ut=E.implementation.createHTMLDocument("").body).innerHTML="<form></form><form></form>",2===Ut.childNodes.length),S.parseHTML=function(e,t,n){return"string"!=typeof e?[]:("boolean"==typeof t&&(n=t,t=!1),t||(y.createHTMLDocument?((r=(t=E.implementation.createHTMLDocument("")).createElement("base")).href=E.location.href,t.head.appendChild(r)):t=E),o=!n&&[],(i=N.exec(e))?[t.createElement(i[1])]:(i=xe([e],t,o),o&&o.length&&S(o).remove(),S.merge([],i.childNodes)));var r,i,o},S.fn.load=function(e,t,n){var r,i,o,a=this,s=e.indexOf(" ");return -1<s&&(r=vt(e.slice(s)),e=e.slice(0,s)),m(t)?(n=t,t=void 0):t&&"object"==typeof t&&(i="POST"),0<a.length&&S.ajax({url:e,type:i||"GET",dataType:"html",data:t}).done(function(e){o=arguments,a.html(r?S("<div>").append(S.parseHTML(e)).find(r):e)}).always(n&&function(e,t){a.each(function(){n.apply(this,o||[e.responseText,t,e])})}),this},S.expr.pseudos.animated=function(t){return S.grep(S.timers,function(e){return t===e.elem}).length},S.offset={setOffset:function(e,t,n){var r,i,o,a,s,u,l=S.css(e,"position"),c=S(e),f={};"static"===l&&(e.style.position="relative"),s=c.offset(),o=S.css(e,"top"),u=S.css(e,"left"),("absolute"===l||"fixed"===l)&&-1<(o+u).indexOf("auto")?(a=(r=c.position()).top,i=r.left):(a=parseFloat(o)||0,i=parseFloat(u)||0),m(t)&&(t=t.call(e,n,S.extend({},s))),null!=t.top&&(f.top=t.top-s.top+a),null!=t.left&&(f.left=t.left-s.left+i),"using" in t?t.using.call(e,f):("number"==typeof f.top&&(f.top+="px"),"number"==typeof f.left&&(f.left+="px"),c.css(f))}},S.fn.extend({offset:function(t){if(arguments.length){return void 0===t?this:this.each(function(e){S.offset.setOffset(this,t,e)})}var e,n,r=this[0];return r?r.getClientRects().length?(e=r.getBoundingClientRect(),n=r.ownerDocument.defaultView,{top:e.top+n.pageYOffset,left:e.left+n.pageXOffset}):{top:0,left:0}:void 0},position:function(){if(this[0]){var e,t,n,r=this[0],i={top:0,left:0};if("fixed"===S.css(r,"position")){t=r.getBoundingClientRect()}else{t=this.offset(),n=r.ownerDocument,e=r.offsetParent||n.documentElement;while(e&&(e===n.body||e===n.documentElement)&&"static"===S.css(e,"position")){e=e.parentNode}e&&e!==r&&1===e.nodeType&&((i=S(e).offset()).top+=S.css(e,"borderTopWidth",!0),i.left+=S.css(e,"borderLeftWidth",!0))}return{top:t.top-i.top-S.css(r,"marginTop",!0),left:t.left-i.left-S.css(r,"marginLeft",!0)}}},offsetParent:function(){return this.map(function(){var e=this.offsetParent;while(e&&"static"===S.css(e,"position")){e=e.offsetParent}return e||re})}}),S.each({scrollLeft:"pageXOffset",scrollTop:"pageYOffset"},function(t,i){var o="pageYOffset"===i;S.fn[t]=function(e){return $(this,function(e,t,n){var r;if(x(e)?r=e:9===e.nodeType&&(r=e.defaultView),void 0===n){return r?r[i]:e[t]}r?r.scrollTo(o?r.pageXOffset:n,o?n:r.pageYOffset):e[t]=n},t,e,arguments.length)}}),S.each(["top","left"],function(e,n){S.cssHooks[n]=$e(y.pixelPosition,function(e,t){if(t){return t=Be(e,n),Me.test(t)?S(e).position()[n]+"px":t}})}),S.each({Height:"height",Width:"width"},function(a,s){S.each({padding:"inner"+a,content:s,"":"outer"+a},function(r,o){S.fn[o]=function(e,t){var n=arguments.length&&(r||"boolean"!=typeof e),i=r||(!0===e||!0===t?"margin":"border");return $(this,function(e,t,n){var r;return x(e)?0===o.indexOf("outer")?e["inner"+a]:e.document.documentElement["client"+a]:9===e.nodeType?(r=e.documentElement,Math.max(e.body["scroll"+a],r["scroll"+a],e.body["offset"+a],r["offset"+a],r["client"+a])):void 0===n?S.css(e,t,i):S.style(e,t,n,i)},s,n?e:void 0,n)}})}),S.each(["ajaxStart","ajaxStop","ajaxComplete","ajaxError","ajaxSuccess","ajaxSend"],function(e,t){S.fn[t]=function(e){return this.on(t,e)}}),S.fn.extend({bind:function(e,t,n){return this.on(e,null,t,n)},unbind:function(e,t){return this.off(e,null,t)},delegate:function(e,t,n,r){return this.on(t,e,n,r)},undelegate:function(e,t,n){return 1===arguments.length?this.off(e,"**"):this.off(t,e||"**",n)},hover:function(e,t){return this.mouseenter(e).mouseleave(t||e)}}),S.each("blur focus focusin focusout resize scroll click dblclick mousedown mouseup mousemove mouseover mouseout mouseenter mouseleave change select submit keydown keypress keyup contextmenu".split(" "),function(e,n){S.fn[n]=function(e,t){return 0<arguments.length?this.on(n,null,e,t):this.trigger(n)}});var Gt=/^[\s\uFEFF\xA0]+|[\s\uFEFF\xA0]+$/g;S.proxy=function(e,t){var n,r,i;if("string"==typeof t&&(n=e[t],t=e,e=n),m(e)){return r=s.call(arguments,2),(i=function(){return e.apply(t||this,r.concat(s.call(arguments)))}).guid=e.guid=e.guid||S.guid++,i}},S.holdReady=function(e){e?S.readyWait++:S.ready(!0)},S.isArray=Array.isArray,S.parseJSON=JSON.parse,S.nodeName=A,S.isFunction=m,S.isWindow=x,S.camelCase=X,S.type=w,S.now=Date.now,S.isNumeric=function(e){var t=S.type(e);return("number"===t||"string"===t)&&!isNaN(e-parseFloat(e))},S.trim=function(e){return null==e?"":(e+"").replace(Gt,"")},"function"==typeof define&&define.amd&&define("jquery",[],function(){return S});var Yt=C.jQuery,Qt=C.$;return S.noConflict=function(e){return C.$===S&&(C.$=Qt),e&&C.jQuery===S&&(C.jQuery=Yt),S},"undefined"==typeof e&&(C.jQuery=C.$=S),S});</script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/theme_japantimes/js/premium/hmac-sha.js?v=4.8"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/theme_japantimes/js/premium/md5.js?v=4.8"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/theme_japantimes/js/premium/enc-base64.js?v=4.8"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/theme_japantimes/js/premium/piano_jt.js?v=4.8"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> // check window width and determine device type var deviceType = function() { console.log("loaded deviceType()"); var mobileMaxWidth = 610; var tabletMaxWidth = 1000; var w = jQuery( window ).width(); var type = 'mobile'; if ( w > mobileMaxWidth && w < tabletMaxWidth ) { type = 'tablet'; } else if ( w > tabletMaxWidth ) { type = 'desktop'; } return type; }(); </script> <script type="text/javascript"> // these ads should be loaded always googletag = window.googletag || {cmd: []}; googletag.cmd.push( function() { googletag.pubads().enableAsyncRendering(); googletag.defineSlot('/4973089/JT-Supplements-slider1', [300, 250], 'div-gpt-ad-1545378846364-0').addService(googletag.pubads()); googletag.defineSlot('/4973089/JT-Supplements-block1', ['fluid'], 'div-gpt-ad-1545377720996-0').addService(googletag.pubads()); googletag.defineSlot('/4973089/JT-Supplements-block2', ['fluid'], 'div-gpt-ad-1545377819100-0').addService(googletag.pubads()); googletag.defineSlot('/4973089/JT-Supplements-block3', ['fluid'], 'div-gpt-ad-1545377905854-0').addService(googletag.pubads()); googletag.defineSlot('/4973089/JT-Supplements-block4', ['fluid'], 'div-gpt-ad-1545378016685-0').addService(googletag.pubads()); googletag.defineSlot('/4973089/JT-Supplements-block5', ['fluid'], 'div-gpt-ad-1545378526968-0').addService(googletag.pubads()); googletag.defineSlot('/4973089/JT-Supplements-block6', ['fluid'], 'div-gpt-ad-1545378615238-0').addService(googletag.pubads()); googletag.defineSlot('/4973089/JT-Supplements-block7', ['fluid'], 'div-gpt-ad-1545378710149-0').addService(googletag.pubads()); googletag.defineSlot('/4973089/JT-Supplements-block8', ['fluid'], 'div-gpt-ad-1545378782983-0').addService(googletag.pubads()); googletag.defineSlot('/4973089/JT-Education-banner', [270, 40], 'div-gpt-ad-1545377501993-0').addService(googletag.pubads()); googletag.defineSlot('/4973089/JT-NationalDay-banner', [270, 40], 'div-gpt-ad-1545377579422-0').addService(googletag.pubads()); } ); </script>  <script type="text/javascript"> ( function ( src ) { var a = document.createElement( 'script' ); a.type = 'text/javascript'; a.async = true; a.src = src; var b = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; b.parentNode.insertBefore( a, b ) } )( "//experience-ap.piano.io/xbuilder/experience/load?aid=bWOWSdhXpj" ); </script>   <script> document.cookie = '__adblocker=; expires=Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:00 GMT; path=/'; var setNptTechAdblockerCookie = function( adblocker ) { var d = new Date(); d.setTime( d.getTime() + 60 * 5 * 1000 ); document.cookie = '__adblocker=' + ( adblocker ? 'true' : 'false' ) + '; expires=' + d.toUTCString() + '; path=/'; }; var script = document.createElement( 'script' ); script.setAttribute( 'async', true ); script.setAttribute( 'src', '//www.npttech.com/advertising.js' ); script.setAttribute( 'onerror', 'setNptTechAdblockerCookie(true);' ); document.getElementsByTagName( 'head' )[0].appendChild( script ); </script> <input type="hidden" id="chartbeat_uid" value="TmpVMk5UZz0=" /> <input type="hidden" id="chartbeat_sections" value="culture" /> <input type="hidden" id="chartbeat_authors" value="" /> <input type="hidden" id="chartbeat_type" value="" /> <script> var _sf_async_config = _sf_async_config || {}; _sf_async_config.sections = "culture"; _sf_async_config.authors = ""; (function() { function loadChartbeat() { window._sf_endpt = (new Date()).getTime(); var e = document.createElement('script'); e.setAttribute('language', 'javascript'); e.setAttribute('type', 'text/javascript'); e.setAttribute('src', '//static.chartbeat.com/js/chartbeat.js'); document.body.appendChild(e); } var oldonload = window.onload; window.onload = (typeof window.onload != 'function') ? loadChartbeat : function() { oldonload(); loadChartbeat(); }; })(); </script> <style> *,*::before,*::after{box-sizing:border-box}body{margin:0}.container{width:100%;padding-right:8px;padding-left:8px;margin-right:auto;margin-left:auto}@media(min-width:576px){.container{max-width:540px}}@media(min-width:769px){.container{max-width:720px}}@media(min-width:992px){.container{max-width:960px}}@media(min-width:1200px){.container{max-width:1210px}}.container-fluid{width:100%;padding-right:8px;padding-left:8px;margin-right:auto;margin-left:auto}.row{display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-right:-8px;margin-left:-8px}.col-1,.col-2,.col-3,.col-4,.col-5,.col-6,.col-7,.col-8,.col-9,.col-10,.col-11,.col-12,.col,.col-auto,.col-sm-1,.col-sm-2,.col-sm-3,.col-sm-4,.col-sm-5,.col-sm-6,.col-sm-7,.col-sm-8,.col-sm-9,.col-sm-10,.col-sm-11,.col-sm-12,.col-sm,.col-sm-auto,.col-md-1,.col-md-2,.col-md-3,.col-md-4,.col-md-5,.col-md-6,.col-md-7,.col-md-8,.col-md-9,.col-md-10,.col-md-11,.col-md-12,.col-md,.col-md-auto,.col-lg-1,.col-lg-2,.col-lg-3,.col-lg-4,.col-lg-5,.col-lg-6,.col-lg-7,.col-lg-8,.col-lg-9,.col-lg-10,.col-lg-11,.col-lg-12,.col-lg,.col-lg-auto,.col-xl-1,.col-xl-2,.col-xl-3,.col-xl-4,.col-xl-5,.col-xl-6,.col-xl-7,.col-xl-8,.col-xl-9,.col-xl-10,.col-xl-11,.col-xl-12,.col-xl,.col-xl-auto{position:relative;width:100%;padding-right:8px;padding-left:8px}.col{-ms-flex-preferred-size:0;flex-basis:0;-ms-flex-positive:1;flex-grow:1;max-width:100%}.col-auto{-ms-flex:0 0 auto;flex:0 0 auto;width:auto;max-width:100%}.col-1{-ms-flex:0 0 8.333333%;flex:0 0 8.333333%;max-width:8.333333%}.col-2{-ms-flex:0 0 16.666667%;flex:0 0 16.666667%;max-width:16.666667%}.col-3{-ms-flex:0 0 25%;flex:0 0 25%;max-width:25%}.col-4{-ms-flex:0 0 33.333333%;flex:0 0 33.333333%;max-width:33.333333%}.col-5{-ms-flex:0 0 41.666667%;flex:0 0 41.666667%;max-width:41.666667%}.col-6{-ms-flex:0 0 50%;flex:0 0 50%;max-width:50%}.col-7{-ms-flex:0 0 58.333333%;flex:0 0 58.333333%;max-width:58.333333%}.col-8{-ms-flex:0 0 66.666667%;flex:0 0 66.666667%;max-width:66.666667%}.col-9{-ms-flex:0 0 75%;flex:0 0 75%;max-width:75%}.col-10{-ms-flex:0 0 83.333333%;flex:0 0 83.333333%;max-width:83.333333%}.col-11{-ms-flex:0 0 91.666667%;flex:0 0 91.666667%;max-width:91.666667%}.col-12{-ms-flex:0 0 100%;flex:0 0 100%;max-width:100%}@media(min-width:576px){.col-sm{-ms-flex-preferred-size:0;flex-basis:0;-ms-flex-positive:1;flex-grow:1;max-width:100%}.col-sm-auto{-ms-flex:0 0 auto;flex:0 0 auto;width:auto;max-width:100%}.col-sm-1{-ms-flex:0 0 8.333333%;flex:0 0 8.333333%;max-width:8.333333%}.col-sm-2{-ms-flex:0 0 16.666667%;flex:0 0 16.666667%;max-width:16.666667%}.col-sm-3{-ms-flex:0 0 25%;flex:0 0 25%;max-width:25%}.col-sm-4{-ms-flex:0 0 33.333333%;flex:0 0 33.333333%;max-width:33.333333%}.col-sm-5{-ms-flex:0 0 41.666667%;flex:0 0 41.666667%;max-width:41.666667%}.col-sm-6{-ms-flex:0 0 50%;flex:0 0 50%;max-width:50%}.col-sm-7{-ms-flex:0 0 58.333333%;flex:0 0 58.333333%;max-width:58.333333%}.col-sm-8{-ms-flex:0 0 66.666667%;flex:0 0 66.666667%;max-width:66.666667%}.col-sm-9{-ms-flex:0 0 75%;flex:0 0 75%;max-width:75%}.col-sm-10{-ms-flex:0 0 83.333333%;flex:0 0 83.333333%;max-width:83.333333%}.col-sm-11{-ms-flex:0 0 91.666667%;flex:0 0 91.666667%;max-width:91.666667%}.col-sm-12{-ms-flex:0 0 100%;flex:0 0 100%;max-width:100%}}@media(min-width:769px){.col-md{-ms-flex-preferred-size:0;flex-basis:0;-ms-flex-positive:1;flex-grow:1;max-width:100%}.col-md-auto{-ms-flex:0 0 auto;flex:0 0 auto;width:auto;max-width:100%}.col-md-1{-ms-flex:0 0 8.333333%;flex:0 0 8.333333%;max-width:8.333333%}.col-md-2{-ms-flex:0 0 16.666667%;flex:0 0 16.666667%;max-width:16.666667%}.col-md-3{-ms-flex:0 0 25%;flex:0 0 25%;max-width:25%}.col-md-4{-ms-flex:0 0 33.333333%;flex:0 0 33.333333%;max-width:33.333333%}.col-md-5{-ms-flex:0 0 41.666667%;flex:0 0 41.666667%;max-width:41.666667%}.col-md-6{-ms-flex:0 0 50%;flex:0 0 50%;max-width:50%}.col-md-7{-ms-flex:0 0 58.333333%;flex:0 0 58.333333%;max-width:58.333333%}.col-md-8{-ms-flex:0 0 66.666667%;flex:0 0 66.666667%;max-width:66.666667%}.col-md-9{-ms-flex:0 0 75%;flex:0 0 75%;max-width:75%}.col-md-10{-ms-flex:0 0 83.333333%;flex:0 0 83.333333%;max-width:83.333333%}.col-md-11{-ms-flex:0 0 91.666667%;flex:0 0 91.666667%;max-width:91.666667%}.col-md-12{-ms-flex:0 0 100%;flex:0 0 100%;max-width:100%}}@media(min-width:992px){.col-lg{-ms-flex-preferred-size:0;flex-basis:0;-ms-flex-positive:1;flex-grow:1;max-width:100%}.col-lg-auto{-ms-flex:0 0 auto;flex:0 0 auto;width:auto;max-width:100%}.col-lg-1{-ms-flex:0 0 8.333333%;flex:0 0 8.333333%;max-width:8.333333%}.col-lg-2{-ms-flex:0 0 16.666667%;flex:0 0 16.666667%;max-width:16.666667%}.col-lg-3{-ms-flex:0 0 25%;flex:0 0 25%;max-width:25%}.col-lg-4{-ms-flex:0 0 33.333333%;flex:0 0 33.333333%;max-width:33.333333%}.col-lg-5{-ms-flex:0 0 41.666667%;flex:0 0 41.666667%;max-width:41.666667%}.col-lg-6{-ms-flex:0 0 50%;flex:0 0 50%;max-width:50%}.col-lg-7{-ms-flex:0 0 58.333333%;flex:0 0 58.333333%;max-width:58.333333%}.col-lg-8{-ms-flex:0 0 66.666667%;flex:0 0 66.666667%;max-width:66.666667%}.col-lg-9{-ms-flex:0 0 75%;flex:0 0 75%;max-width:75%}.col-lg-10{-ms-flex:0 0 83.333333%;flex:0 0 83.333333%;max-width:83.333333%}.col-lg-11{-ms-flex:0 0 91.666667%;flex:0 0 91.666667%;max-width:91.666667%}.col-lg-12{-ms-flex:0 0 100%;flex:0 0 100%;max-width:100%}}@media(min-width:1200px){.col-xl{-ms-flex-preferred-size:0;flex-basis:0;-ms-flex-positive:1;flex-grow:1;max-width:100%}.col-xl-auto{-ms-flex:0 0 auto;flex:0 0 auto;width:auto;max-width:100%}.col-xl-1{-ms-flex:0 0 8.333333%;flex:0 0 8.333333%;max-width:8.333333%}.col-xl-2{-ms-flex:0 0 16.666667%;flex:0 0 16.666667%;max-width:16.666667%}.col-xl-3{-ms-flex:0 0 25%;flex:0 0 25%;max-width:25%}.col-xl-4{-ms-flex:0 0 33.333333%;flex:0 0 33.333333%;max-width:33.333333%}.col-xl-5{-ms-flex:0 0 41.666667%;flex:0 0 41.666667%;max-width:41.666667%}.col-xl-6{-ms-flex:0 0 50%;flex:0 0 50%;max-width:50%}.col-xl-7{-ms-flex:0 0 58.333333%;flex:0 0 58.333333%;max-width:58.333333%}.col-xl-8{-ms-flex:0 0 66.666667%;flex:0 0 66.666667%;max-width:66.666667%}.col-xl-9{-ms-flex:0 0 75%;flex:0 0 75%;max-width:75%}.col-xl-10{-ms-flex:0 0 83.333333%;flex:0 0 83.333333%;max-width:83.333333%}.col-xl-11{-ms-flex:0 0 91.666667%;flex:0 0 91.666667%;max-width:91.666667%}.col-xl-12{-ms-flex:0 0 100%;flex:0 0 100%;max-width:100%}}.nav{display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;padding-left:0;margin-bottom:0;list-style:none}.nav-link{display:block;padding:.5rem 1rem}.nav-link:hover,.nav-link:focus{text-decoration:none}.nav-link.disabled{color:#6c757d;pointer-events:none;cursor:default}.nav-tabs{border-bottom:1px solid #dee2e6}.nav-tabs .nav-item{margin-bottom:-1px}.nav-tabs .nav-link{border:1px solid transparent;border-top-left-radius:.25rem;border-top-right-radius:.25rem}.nav-tabs .nav-link:hover,.nav-tabs .nav-link:focus{border-color:#e9ecef #e9ecef #dee2e6}.nav-tabs .nav-link.disabled{color:#6c757d;background-color:transparent;border-color:transparent}.nav-tabs .nav-link.active,.nav-tabs .nav-item.show .nav-link{color:#495057;background-color:#fff;border-color:#dee2e6 #dee2e6 #fff}.nav-tabs .dropdown-menu{margin-top:-1px;border-top-left-radius:0;border-top-right-radius:0}.nav-pills .nav-link{border-radius:.25rem}.nav-pills .nav-link.active,.nav-pills .show>.nav-link{color:#fff;background-color:#007bff}.nav-fill .nav-item{-ms-flex:1 1 auto;flex:1 1 auto;text-align:center}.nav-justified .nav-item{-ms-flex-preferred-size:0;flex-basis:0;-ms-flex-positive:1;flex-grow:1;text-align:center}.tab-content>.tab-pane{display:none}.tab-content>.active{display:block}.navbar{position:relative;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-ms-flex-pack:justify;justify-content:space-between;padding:.5rem 1rem}.navbar>.container,.navbar>.container-fluid{display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-ms-flex-pack:justify;justify-content:space-between}.navbar-brand{display:inline-block;padding-top:.3125rem;padding-bottom:.3125rem;margin-right:1rem;font-size:1.25rem;line-height:inherit;white-space:nowrap}.navbar-brand:hover,.navbar-brand:focus{text-decoration:none}.navbar-nav{display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;padding-left:0;margin-bottom:0;list-style:none}.navbar-nav .nav-link{padding-right:0;padding-left:0}.navbar-nav .dropdown-menu{position:static;float:none}.navbar-text{display:inline-block;padding-top:.5rem;padding-bottom:.5rem}.navbar-collapse{-ms-flex-preferred-size:100%;flex-basis:100%;-ms-flex-positive:1;flex-grow:1;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center}.navbar-toggler{padding:.25rem .75rem;font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1;background-color:transparent;border:1px solid transparent;border-radius:.25rem}.navbar-toggler:hover,.navbar-toggler:focus{text-decoration:none}.navbar-toggler-icon{display:inline-block;width:1.5em;height:1.5em;vertical-align:middle;content:"";background:no-repeat center center;background-size:100% 100%}@media(max-width:575.98px){.navbar-expand-sm>.container,.navbar-expand-sm>.container-fluid{padding-right:0;padding-left:0}}@media(min-width:576px){.navbar-expand-sm{-ms-flex-flow:row nowrap;flex-flow:row nowrap;-ms-flex-pack:start;justify-content:flex-start}.navbar-expand-sm .navbar-nav{-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row}.navbar-expand-sm .navbar-nav .dropdown-menu{position:absolute}.navbar-expand-sm .navbar-nav .nav-link{padding-right:.5rem;padding-left:.5rem}.navbar-expand-sm>.container,.navbar-expand-sm>.container-fluid{-ms-flex-wrap:nowrap;flex-wrap:nowrap}.navbar-expand-sm .navbar-collapse{display:-ms-flexbox!important;display:flex!important;-ms-flex-preferred-size:auto;flex-basis:auto}.navbar-expand-sm .navbar-toggler{display:none}}@media(max-width:767.98px){.navbar-expand-md>.container,.navbar-expand-md>.container-fluid{padding-right:0;padding-left:0}}@media(min-width:769px){.navbar-expand-md{-ms-flex-flow:row nowrap;flex-flow:row nowrap;-ms-flex-pack:start;justify-content:flex-start}.navbar-expand-md .navbar-nav{-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row}.navbar-expand-md .navbar-nav .dropdown-menu{position:absolute}.navbar-expand-md .navbar-nav .nav-link{padding-right:.5rem;padding-left:.5rem}.navbar-expand-md>.container,.navbar-expand-md>.container-fluid{-ms-flex-wrap:nowrap;flex-wrap:nowrap}.navbar-expand-md .navbar-collapse{display:-ms-flexbox!important;display:flex!important;-ms-flex-preferred-size:auto;flex-basis:auto}.navbar-expand-md .navbar-toggler{display:none}}@media(max-width:991.98px){.navbar-expand-lg>.container,.navbar-expand-lg>.container-fluid{padding-right:0;padding-left:0}}@media(min-width:992px){.navbar-expand-lg{-ms-flex-flow:row nowrap;flex-flow:row nowrap;-ms-flex-pack:start;justify-content:flex-start}.navbar-expand-lg .navbar-nav{-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row}.navbar-expand-lg .navbar-nav .dropdown-menu{position:absolute}.navbar-expand-lg .navbar-nav .nav-link{padding-right:.5rem;padding-left:.5rem}.navbar-expand-lg>.container,.navbar-expand-lg>.container-fluid{-ms-flex-wrap:nowrap;flex-wrap:nowrap}.navbar-expand-lg .navbar-collapse{display:-ms-flexbox!important;display:flex!important;-ms-flex-preferred-size:auto;flex-basis:auto}.navbar-expand-lg .navbar-toggler{display:none}}@media(max-width:1199.98px){.navbar-expand-xl>.container,.navbar-expand-xl>.container-fluid{padding-right:0;padding-left:0}}@media(min-width:1200px){.navbar-expand-xl{-ms-flex-flow:row nowrap;flex-flow:row nowrap;-ms-flex-pack:start;justify-content:flex-start}.navbar-expand-xl .navbar-nav{-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row}.navbar-expand-xl .navbar-nav .dropdown-menu{position:absolute}.navbar-expand-xl .navbar-nav .nav-link{padding-right:.5rem;padding-left:.5rem}.navbar-expand-xl>.container,.navbar-expand-xl>.container-fluid{-ms-flex-wrap:nowrap;flex-wrap:nowrap}.navbar-expand-xl .navbar-collapse{display:-ms-flexbox!important;display:flex!important;-ms-flex-preferred-size:auto;flex-basis:auto}.navbar-expand-xl .navbar-toggler{display:none}}.navbar-expand{-ms-flex-flow:row nowrap;flex-flow:row nowrap;-ms-flex-pack:start;justify-content:flex-start}.navbar-expand>.container,.navbar-expand>.container-fluid{padding-right:0;padding-left:0}.navbar-expand .navbar-nav{-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row}.navbar-expand .navbar-nav .dropdown-menu{position:absolute}.navbar-expand .navbar-nav .nav-link{padding-right:.5rem;padding-left:.5rem}.navbar-expand>.container,.navbar-expand>.container-fluid{-ms-flex-wrap:nowrap;flex-wrap:nowrap}.navbar-expand .navbar-collapse{display:-ms-flexbox!important;display:flex!important;-ms-flex-preferred-size:auto;flex-basis:auto}.navbar-expand .navbar-toggler{display:none}.navbar-light .navbar-brand{color:rgba(0,0,0,0.9)}.navbar-light .navbar-brand:hover,.navbar-light .navbar-brand:focus{color:rgba(0,0,0,0.9)}.navbar-light .navbar-nav .nav-link{color:rgba(0,0,0,0.5)}.navbar-light .navbar-nav .nav-link:hover,.navbar-light .navbar-nav .nav-link:focus{color:rgba(0,0,0,0.7)}.navbar-light .navbar-nav .nav-link.disabled{color:rgba(0,0,0,0.3)}.navbar-light .navbar-nav .show>.nav-link,.navbar-light .navbar-nav .active>.nav-link,.navbar-light .navbar-nav .nav-link.show,.navbar-light .navbar-nav .nav-link.active{color:rgba(0,0,0,0.9)}.navbar-light .navbar-toggler{color:rgba(0,0,0,0.5);border-color:rgba(0,0,0,0.1)}.navbar-light .navbar-toggler-icon{background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3csvgviewBox='003030'xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%3e%3cpathstroke='rgba(0,0,0,0.5)'stroke-width='2'stroke-linecap='round'stroke-miterlimit='10'd='M47h22M415h22M423h22'/%3e%3c/svg%3e")}.navbar-light .navbar-text{color:rgba(0,0,0,0.5)}.navbar-light .navbar-text a{color:rgba(0,0,0,0.9)}.navbar-light .navbar-text a:hover,.navbar-light .navbar-text a:focus{color:rgba(0,0,0,0.9)}.navbar-dark .navbar-brand{color:#fff}.navbar-dark .navbar-brand:hover,.navbar-dark .navbar-brand:focus{color:#fff}.navbar-dark .navbar-nav .nav-link{color:rgba(255,255,255,0.5)}.navbar-dark .navbar-nav .nav-link:hover,.navbar-dark .navbar-nav .nav-link:focus{color:rgba(255,255,255,0.75)}.navbar-dark .navbar-nav .nav-link.disabled{color:rgba(255,255,255,0.25)}.navbar-dark .navbar-nav .show>.nav-link,.navbar-dark .navbar-nav .active>.nav-link,.navbar-dark .navbar-nav .nav-link.show,.navbar-dark .navbar-nav .nav-link.active{color:#fff}.navbar-dark .navbar-toggler{color:rgba(255,255,255,0.5);border-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.1)}.navbar-dark .navbar-toggler-icon{background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3csvgviewBox='003030'xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%3e%3cpathstroke='rgba(255,255,255,0.5)'stroke-width='2'stroke-linecap='round'stroke-miterlimit='10'd='M47h22M415h22M423h22'/%3e%3c/svg%3e")}.navbar-dark .navbar-text{color:rgba(255,255,255,0.5)}.navbar-dark .navbar-text a{color:#fff}.navbar-dark .navbar-text a:hover,.navbar-dark .navbar-text a:focus{color:#fff}.owl-carousel,.owl-carousel .owl-item{-webkit-tap-highlight-color:transparent;position:relative}.owl-carousel{display:none;width:100%;z-index:1}.owl-carousel .owl-stage{position:relative;-ms-touch-action:pan-Y;touch-action:manipulation;-moz-backface-visibility:hidden}.owl-carousel .owl-stage:after{content:".";display:block;clear:both;visibility:hidden;line-height:0;height:0}.owl-carousel .owl-stage-outer{position:relative;overflow:hidden;-webkit-transform:translate3d(0,0,0)}.owl-carousel .owl-item,.owl-carousel .owl-wrapper{-webkit-backface-visibility:hidden;-moz-backface-visibility:hidden;-ms-backface-visibility:hidden;-webkit-transform:translate3d(0,0,0);-moz-transform:translate3d(0,0,0);-ms-transform:translate3d(0,0,0)}.owl-carousel .owl-item{min-height:1px;float:left;-webkit-backface-visibility:hidden;-webkit-touch-callout:none}.owl-carousel .owl-item img{display:block;width:100%}.owl-carousel .owl-dots.disabled,.owl-carousel .owl-nav.disabled{display:none}.no-js .owl-carousel,.owl-carousel.owl-loaded{display:block}.owl-carousel .owl-dot,.owl-carousel .owl-nav .owl-next,.owl-carousel .owl-nav .owl-prev{cursor:pointer;-webkit-user-select:none;-khtml-user-select:none;-moz-user-select:none;-ms-user-select:none;user-select:none}.owl-carousel .owl-nav button.owl-next,.owl-carousel .owl-nav button.owl-prev,.owl-carousel button.owl-dot{background:0;color:inherit;border:0;padding:0!important;font:inherit}.owl-carousel.owl-loading{opacity:0;display:block}.owl-carousel.owl-hidden{opacity:0}.owl-carousel.owl-refresh .owl-item{visibility:hidden}.owl-carousel.owl-drag .owl-item{-ms-touch-action:pan-y;touch-action:pan-y;-webkit-user-select:none;-moz-user-select:none;-ms-user-select:none;user-select:none}.owl-carousel.owl-grab{cursor:move;cursor:grab}.owl-carousel.owl-rtl{direction:rtl}.owl-carousel.owl-rtl .owl-item{float:right}.owl-carousel .animated{animation-duration:1s;animation-fill-mode:both}.owl-carousel .owl-animated-in{z-index:0}.owl-carousel .owl-animated-out{z-index:1}.owl-carousel .fadeOut{animation-name:fadeOut}@keyframes fadeOut{0%{opacity:1}100%{opacity:0}}.owl-height{transition:height .5s ease-in-out}.owl-carousel .owl-item .owl-lazy{opacity:0;transition:opacity .4s ease}.owl-carousel .owl-item .owl-lazy:not([src]),.owl-carousel .owl-item .owl-lazy[src^=""]{max-height:0}.owl-carousel .owl-item img.owl-lazy{transform-style:preserve-3d}.owl-carousel .owl-video-wrapper{position:relative;height:100%;background:#000}.owl-carousel .owl-video-play-icon{position:absolute;height:80px;width:80px;left:50%;top:50%;margin-left:-40px;margin-top:-40px;background:url(owl.video.play.png) no-repeat;cursor:pointer;z-index:1;-webkit-backface-visibility:hidden;transition:transform .1s ease}.owl-carousel .owl-video-play-icon:hover{-ms-transform:scale(1.3,1.3);transform:scale(1.3,1.3)}.owl-carousel .owl-video-playing .owl-video-play-icon,.owl-carousel .owl-video-playing .owl-video-tn{display:none}.owl-carousel .owl-video-tn{opacity:0;height:100%;background-position:center center;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;transition:opacity .4s ease}.owl-carousel .owl-video-frame{position:relative;z-index:1;height:100%;width:100%}</style> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com"> <link rel="preload" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Roboto:wght@300;400;700&display=swap" as="style" onload="this.onload=null;this.rel='stylesheet'" /> <noscript><link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Roboto:wght@300;400;700&display=swap" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"/></noscript> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/theme_japantimes/css/general-styles.min.css?v=4.8" defer> </head> <body class=" "> <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-KR282M" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript> <input type="hidden" id="APP_URL" value="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/" /> <input id="BASE_URL" type="hidden" value="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/" /> <style> .hidden-body{overflow-y: hidden;} header.not-home-header{margin-bottom: 60px;} header .header-ad{background-color: #F7F7F7;} header .header-ad .tableCenter{min-width:728px;min-height: 90px;display: flex;justify-content: center;align-items: center;margin: 20px auto;} header .header-ad.not-home-page{background-color: #FFFFFF;border-bottom: 1px solid #EFEFEF;} header .header-content{padding-bottom: 16px; padding-top: 16px;} header .header-content .left-col{display: flex;align-items: center;justify-content: flex-start;} header .header-content .left-col .burger-menu{transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out;margin-left: -7px;margin-right: 10px;cursor: pointer;width:36px;height:36px;display: flex;justify-content: center;align-items: center;border-radius: 100%;} header .header-content .left-col .burger-menu:hover{background-color: #efefef;} header .header-content .left-col .search-open{transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out;cursor: pointer;width:36px;height:36px;display: flex;justify-content: center;align-items: center;border-radius: 100%;} header .header-content .left-col .search-open img{width:16.5px;height:16.5px;} header .header-content .left-col .search-open:hover{background-color: #efefef;} header .weather{transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out;display: flex;align-items: end;} header .weather:hover{opacity:0.7;} header .weather a{display: contents;} header .weather img{width:45px;} header .weather span{font-family: 'Roboto';font-size: 12px;line-height: 15px; font-weight: 800;color: #000000;} header .header-content .middle-col{text-align: center;} header .header-content .middle-col .today-date{text-transform: uppercase;font-family:'Pluto Sans Regular';font-size: 12px;line-height: 14px;color:#000000;} header .header-content .middle-col .today-date a{color:#000000;} header .header-content .middle-col .slogan{display: flex;align-items: center;justify-content: center;margin-top: 5px;} header .header-content .middle-col .logo{margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 5px;} header .organization_name{text-align: right;color: #999;text-transform: uppercase;font-size: 11px;} header .organization_name.hidden-desktop{display: none;} header .header-content .right-col{display: flex;align-items: center;justify-content: flex-end;} header .header-content .right-col ul{list-style: none;display: flex;align-items: center;justify-content: flex-end;margin: 0px;padding-inline-start: 0px} header .header-content .right-col .subscribe a, header .header-content .right-col .subscribe span{transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out;cursor:pointer;color: #FFFFFF; background-color: #C8102E;padding: 10px 13px; text-transform: uppercase; font-size: 14px;line-height: 17px;font-family: 'Pluto Sans Bold', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif} /*header .header-content .right-col .subscribe a:hover, header .header-content .right-col .subscribe span:hover{opacity: 0.6;}*/ header .header-content .right-col #user_account_header li{margin-left: 15px;} header .header-content .right-col #user_account_header li.subscribe_info{position: relative} header .header-content .right-col #user_account_header li.subscribe_info .dropdown-content{display: none;position: absolute;width:100%;top:28px;z-index: 1;} header .header-content .right-col #user_account_header li.subscribe_info .dropdown-content a{border-top:1px solid #FFF;display: block;width:100%} header .header-content .right-col #user_account_header li.subscribe_info .dropdown-content a:hover{opacity: 0.6;} header .header-content .right-col #user_account_header li.subscribe_info:hover .dropdown-content{display: block;} header .header-content .right-col #user_account_header li.login{transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out;margin-right: -7px;width:36px;height:36px;display: flex;justify-content: center;align-items: center;border-radius: 100%;} header .header-content .right-col #user_account_header li.login:hover{background-color: #efefef;} header .header-content .right-col #user_account_header li.my-account_info{transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out;margin-right: -7px;width:36px;height:36px;display: flex;justify-content: center;align-items: center;border-radius: 100%;} header .header-content .right-col #user_account_header li.my-account_info:hover{background-color: #efefef;} header .header-content .right-col .login a{color: #000000;} header .header-content .right-col .my-account_info{cursor: pointer;} header .header-content .right-col .piano-myaccount-logout-button a{color: #000000;} header .header-content .right-col .login img{margin-top: 4px;width:16.7px;height: 17.4px;} header .search-container{background-color: #efefef; max-height: 0; box-sizing: border-box; overflow: hidden; transition: max-height 0.3s, padding 0.3s;} header .search-container.show{max-height: 60px;transition: max-height 0.6s, padding 0.6s;padding-bottom: 14px; padding-top: 14px;} header .search-container .col-md-12{display: flex; align-items: center;justify-content: flex-start;} header .search-container form{ margin-right: 10px;width:250px; background-color: #FFFFFF;display:flex;padding: 6px 12px 4px 17px;border-radius: 20px;} header .search-container form i{font-size: 18px;color:#000000;} header .search-container .form-field{border:none;width:90%;font-family: 'Roboto';font-weight: 400;font-size: 14px;line-height: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.01em;color:#000000;} header .search-container .form-field:focus{border:none;outline:none;} header .search-container .form-field::placeholder, header .search-container .form-field::-webkit-input-placeholder, header .search-container .form-field:-ms-input-placeholder, header .search-container .form-field::-moz-placeholder, header .search-container .form-field:-moz-placeholder{ font-family: 'Roboto';font-weight: 400;font-size: 14px;line-height: 16px;letter-spacing: 0.01em;color:#999999; } header .search-container .btn-submit{transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out;border:none;background-color: #FFFFFF;cursor:pointer;} header .search-container .btn-submit img{width:16.5px;height: 16.5px;} header .search-container .btn-submit:hover{opacity:0.6;} header .search-container .close-form i{color:#999999;font-size: 21px;cursor: pointer;} header .search-container.sticky-search{position: fixed;width:100%;z-index: 201;top:60px;} header .mobile-date{display:none;} header .hot-topics{margin-bottom: 25px;border-top: 1px solid #efefef; border-bottom: 1px solid #000000;padding-top: 10px; padding-bottom: 10px;} header .hot-topics .items{display: flex;justify-content: center;align-items: center;} header .hot-topics .items .separator:nth-child(4){border-left: 2px solid #898989;padding: 0 5px;} header .hot-topics a{transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out;font-family: 'Roboto';font-size: 15px;line-height: 17px;border-radius: 20px; font-weight: 400;color: #000000;text-transform: uppercase;padding: 4px 15px;} header .hot-topics a:hover{background-color: #efefef;} header .sticky-menu.visible .header-content, header .sticky-menu.always-visible .header-content{padding-top: 5.2px;padding-bottom: 5.2px;} header .sticky-menu.visible .header-content .middle-col .logo, header .sticky-menu.always-visible .header-content .middle-col .logo{margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 5px;} header .sticky-menu.visible .header-content .middle-col .logo img, header .sticky-menu.always-visible .header-content .middle-col .logo img{width: 200px;height: 28.7px;} .BoilingStyle header .sticky-menu.visible .header-content .middle-col .logo img, .BoilingStyle header .sticky-menu.always-visible .header-content .middle-col .logo img{width: 213px;height:37px;} header .sticky-menu.visible{visibility: visible;padding-bottom: 0px; -webkit-transform: translateY(0px); -ms-transform: translateY(0px); transform: translateY(0px);} header .sticky-menu.always-visible{position: fixed;visibility: visible;padding-bottom: 0px; -webkit-transform: translateY(0px); -ms-transform: translateY(0px); transform: translateY(0px);} header .sticky-menu{visibility: hidden; transform: translateY(-70px); border-bottom: 1px solid #000;padding-bottom: 3px; background: #fff; position: fixed; width: 100%; -webkit-transform: translateY(-70px); -ms-transform: translateY(-70px); transform: translateY(-70px); top: 0; left: 0; z-index: 202; -webkit-transition: 0.5s cubic-bezier(0.23,1,0.32,1); transition: 0.5s cubic-bezier(0.23,1,0.32,1);} header .mobile-spacing{display: none;} div.account-data{position: fixed; top:0; right:-320px; background-color: #FFF;width: 320px;z-index: 203;height:100%; transition: .5s;} div.account-data.active{right:0;} div.account-data .logo{padding: 20px 20px 8px 20px;} div.account-data .close-sidebar{float: right;} div.account-data .close-sidebar i{font-size: 20px; color: #999999;cursor: pointer;} div.account-data .actions{padding: 14px 20px 20px 20px;} div.account-data ul{margin: 0px;padding: 0px;} div.account-data ul li{transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out;border-bottom: 1px solid #999999;width:100%;padding: 12px 10px;list-style: none;} div.account-data ul li:not(:first-child):hover{opacity: 0.5;} div.account-data ul li a:hover{transition: 0.1s; } div.account-data ul li a{font-family: 'Pluto Sans Bold', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 17.3px;color: #333;text-transform: uppercase} div.account-data .icon-arrow_forward_ios{float: right;} div.account-data .user-email{padding: 10px 25px 30px 25px;white-space: nowrap;overflow: hidden;text-overflow: ellipsis;font-family: 'Utopia Std', Georgia, "Hiragino Mincho Pro", "Hiragino Mincho", serif; font-size: 20px; line-height: 24px;font-weight: 400;color: #000;text-align: center;} div.account-data .user-label{display:block;margin-top: 5px;font-family: 'Roboto'; font-size: 14px; line-height: 16px;font-weight: 400;color: #000;text-align: center;} div.account-data .packages{padding: 30px 0px 20px 0px;} div.account-data .packages a{transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out;color: #FFFFFF; background-color: #C8102E;padding: 15px 0px; text-transform: uppercase; font-size: 14px;line-height: 17px;font-family:'Pluto Sans Bold', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif ;width: 100%; text-align: center;display: block;} div.account-data .packages a:hover{opacity: 0.6;} sidebar{position: fixed;overflow-y: scroll; -ms-overflow-style: none; scrollbar-width: none;top:0; left:-320px; background-color: #151515;width: 320px;z-index: 203;height:100%; transition: .5s;} sidebar.active{left:0;} sidebar::-webkit-scrollbar {display: none;} #overlay {position: fixed;display: none; width: 100%; height: 100%; top: 0;left: 0;right: 0;bottom: 0;background-color: rgba(0,0,0,0.5);z-index: 202; cursor: pointer;} #overlay.active{display: block;} sidebar .logo{padding: 20px 20px 15px 20px;position:fixed;width: 320px;background-color: #151515;z-index: 1;} sidebar .logo img{width:165.33px; height: 23.7px;} sidebar .close-sidebar{transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out;float: right;width:36px;height: 36px;display: flex;justify-content: center;align-items: center;border-radius: 100%;margin-top: -10px;margin-right: -10px;} sidebar .close-sidebar:hover{background-color: rgba(255,255,255,0.2);} sidebar .close-sidebar i{font-size: 18px; color: #999999;cursor: pointer;} sidebar .extra-height{height: 65px;} sidebar .subscribe-section .subscribe-title{color:#FFF;text-transform: uppercase;margin-bottom: 8px;font-size: 14px;line-height: 17px;font-family: 'Pluto Sans Bold', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;} sidebar .subscribe-section .subscribe-btns{display: flex;justify-content: space-between;} sidebar .subscribe-section{padding: 15px 20px 30px 20px;border-bottom: 1px solid #666666;} sidebar .subscribe-section a{transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out;color: #FFFFFF; background-color: #C8102E;padding: 15px 0px;font-size: 14px;line-height: 17px;font-family: 'Pluto Sans Bold', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; width: 48%; height: 50px; text-align: center;display: block;text-transform: uppercase} sidebar .subscribe-section a:hover{opacity: 0.6;} sidebar .links-section{padding: 25px 20px 15px 20px;border-bottom: 1px solid #666666;} sidebar .links-section p{margin-top: 20px;padding-left: 10px;} sidebar .links-section p.home-delivery{margin-top: 10px;} sidebar .links-section p a{transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out;text-transform: uppercase;color: #999999;text-decoration: underline;font-family: 'Pluto Sans Regular', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 14px;line-height: 17px;font-weight: 400;} sidebar .links-section p a:hover{color: #FFFFFF;} sidebar .links-section ul{margin: 0px;padding: 0px;} sidebar .links-section ul li{list-style: none;margin-bottom: 5px; background-color: #333333;padding: 10px;cursor: pointer;} sidebar .links-section ul li:hover a{color: #999;} sidebar .links-section ul li a{transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out;text-transform: uppercase;color:#fff;font-family: 'Roboto';font-size: 15px;line-height: 17px; font-weight: 400;display: block;width: 100%;} sidebar .links-section ul li a::before {content: "";width: 6px;height: 6px; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 8px;display: inline-block; background-color: #C8102E;} sidebar .menu-section{padding: 15px 20px;} sidebar .menu-section ul.sections{margin: 0px;padding: 0px;} sidebar .menu-section ul.sections i{transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out;color:#666666; font-size: 19px; float: right;cursor: pointer} sidebar .menu-section ul.sections i:hover{color: #FFFFFF;} sidebar .menu-section ul.sections > li{list-style: none;border-bottom: 1px solid #666666;padding: 16px 10px;} sidebar .menu-section ul.sections > li a:hover{color: #999;} sidebar .menu-section ul.sections > li a{transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out;color:#FFFFFF;text-transform: uppercase;font-family: 'Pluto Sans Regular', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 16px;line-height: 20px;width: 90%;display: inline-block;font-weight: 500;} sidebar .menu-section ul.subsections{margin: 15px 0px 0px 0px;padding: 0px;} sidebar .menu-section ul.subsections li{list-style: none;padding: 10px 15px;} sidebar .menu-section ul.subsections li a{transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out;color:#999999;text-transform: uppercase;font-family: 'Pluto Sans Regular', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;font-size: 15px;line-height: 19px;} sidebar .menu-section ul.subsections li a:hover{color:#FFFFFF;opacity: 1;} sidebar .mobile-search-container{display: none;} @media(min-width: 769px) and (max-width: 991px){ header .hot-topics a{padding: 4px 9px;} } @media(max-width: 768px){ sidebar{width: 90%;left: -90%;} sidebar .logo{width:90%;} div.account-data{width: 90%;right: -90%;} sidebar .mobile-search-container{display: block;margin-top: 15px;} sidebar .mobile-search-container form{border: 1px solid #d9d9d9; width:100%; background-color: #FFFFFF;display:flex;padding: 6px;border-radius: 23px;} sidebar .mobile-search-container form i{font-size: 18px;color:#000000;} sidebar .mobile-search-container .form-field::placeholder, sidebar .mobile-search-container .form-field::-webkit-input-placeholder, sidebar .mobile-search-container .form-field:-ms-input-placeholder, sidebar .mobile-search-container .form-field::-moz-placeholder, sidebar .mobile-search-container .form-field:-moz-placeholder{ font-family: 'Roboto'; } sidebar .mobile-search-container .form-field{border:none;width:90%;font-size: 12px;padding-left: 10px; font-family: 'Roboto'} sidebar .mobile-search-container .form-field:focus{border:none;outline:none;} sidebar .mobile-search-container .btn-submit{border:none;background-color: #FFFFFF;} header{margin-bottom: 20px;} header .header-ad .tableCenter{min-width:320px;min-height: auto;margin:auto;} header .hot-topics{display: none;} header .header-ad.not-home-page{background-color: #F7F7F7;border-bottom: none;} header .sticky-menu{border-bottom: none;} header .header-content .right-col{width: 15%} header .header-content .middle-col{width: 68%} header .header-content .left-col{width: 15%} header .header-content .left-col .burger-menu{margin-left: 7px;height: unset;width: unset;} header .header-content .left-col .search-open{display: none;} header .header-content .left-col .weather{display: none;} header .header-content .middle-col .today-date{display: none;} header .header-content .middle-col .logo img{width: 160px;height:22px;} header .sticky-menu.visible .header-content .middle-col .logo img, header .sticky-menu.always-visible .header-content .middle-col .logo img{width: 160px;height:22px;} .BoilingStyle header .sticky-menu.visible .header-content .middle-col .logo img, .BoilingStyle header .sticky-menu.always-visible .header-content .middle-col .logo img{width: 160px;height:28px;} header .header-content .middle-col .slogan img{width: 40%;} header .header-content .middle-col .logo{margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: -6px;} header .header-content{padding-bottom: 9px;padding-top: 3px;} header .organization_name.hidden-mobile{display: none;} header .organization_name.hidden-desktop{display: flex;background-color: #ddd;padding: 7px 0px;align-items: center;justify-content: center;} header .mobile-spacing{display: block;height: 7px;} header .header-content .right-col #user_account_header li.login{height: unset;width: unset;margin-right: 0px;} header .header-content .right-col .subscribe{display: none;} header .header-content .right-col .login i{font-size: 19px;} header .header-content .right-col .login img{margin-right: 4px;} header .header-content .right-col #user_account_header li.my-account_info{height: unset;width: unset;margin-right: 0px;} header .header-content .right-col .my-account_info img{margin-top: -4px;margin-right: 0px;} header .mobile-date{display:block; text-align: center; background-color: #EFEFEF; text-transform: uppercase;font-family:'Pluto Sans Regular';font-size: 10px;line-height: 12px;font-weight: 400;color:#000000;padding: 6px;} header .mobile-date a{color:#000000;} header .sticky-menu.visible .header-content, header .sticky-menu.always-visible .header-content{padding-bottom: 10px;padding-top: 1px;} header .sticky-menu.visible .header-content .mobile-spacing, header .sticky-menu.always-visible .header-content .mobile-spacing{height: 12px;} header .sticky-menu.visible .header-content .middle-col .logo, header .sticky-menu.always-visible .header-content .middle-col .logo{margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;} header .sticky-menu.visible .header-content .middle-col, header .sticky-menu.always-visible .header-content .middle-col{display: flex;align-items: center;justify-content: center;} header .header-content .right-col #user_account_header li.login:hover{background-color: transparent;} header.not-home-header{margin-bottom: 30px;} header.not-home-header .mobile-date{display: none;} } </style> <header class="not-home-header no-print"> <div class="sticky-menu always-visible"> <div class="header-content"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12 organization_name hidden hidden-desktop"></div> <div class="mobile-spacing"> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-4 left-col"> <div class="burger-menu" onclick="toggleSidebar()"> <img src="/theme_japantimes/images/burger_icon.svg" alt="Menu" /> </div> <div class="search-open"> <img src="/theme_japantimes/images/search_icon.svg" alt="Search" /> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-4 middle-col"> <div class="logo"> <a href='/' title="The Japan Times"> <img src="/theme_japantimes/images/logo.svg" alt="The Japan Times" /> </a> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-4 right-col"> <ul id="user_account_header"> <li class="subscribe subscribe_info hidden"> <a href="/sub/" title="Subscribe" id="m_piano-register-button">Subscribe <i class="icon-chevron-down"></i></a> <div class="dropdown-content"> <a href="/sub/" id="header-subscribe-btn-d" title="Digital Subscribe">Digital</a> <a href="/sub/print/" id="header-subscribe-btn-p" title="Print Subscribe">Print</a> </div> </li> <li class="login login_info hidden"> <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="piano-login-button" title="Login"> <img src="/theme_japantimes/images/user_icon.svg" alt="Login" height="20" width="19" /> </a> </li> <li class="my-account_info hidden" onclick="toggleAccountInfo()"><img src="/theme_japantimes/images/loggedin_icon.svg" height="30" width="30" alt="My Account" /></li> </ul> <div class="organization_name hidden hidden-mobile"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="search-container"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12"> <form class="holder-search" method="GET" action="/search" id="headerSearchForm"> <input class="form-field" type="text" placeholder="Search" name="query" autocomplete="off" id="query" required> <button class="btn-submit" type="submit"><span class="search" id="toggleSearch"><img src="/theme_japantimes/images/search_icon.svg" alt="Search" /></span></button> </form> <div class="close-form"><i class="icon-close"></i></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="adjust-space"> </div> <div class="header-ad DisplayAd not-home-page"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12"> <div class="tableCenter" id="header_ad_id"> <div id="" class="get_ad"> <script> var id_map = { "mobile": "div-gpt-ad-1362126290726-1", "tablet": "div-gpt-ad-1362125825102-1", "desktop": "div-gpt-ad-1362125114269-1" } var header_ad_id = id_map[deviceType] || id_map["mobile"]; jQuery('#header_ad_id .get_ad').attr('id', header_ad_id); googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display(header_ad_id); }); </script> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mobile-date"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12"><a href="/archive/2024/11/28/" title="archive page">November 28, 2024</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div id="overlay"></div> <sidebar class="no-print"> <div class="logo"> <a href="/" title="The Japan Times"><img src="/theme_japantimes/images/logo-white-2.png" alt="The Japan Times"> </a> <div class="close-sidebar" onclick="toggleSidebar()"><i class="icon-close"></i></div> </div> <div class="extra-height"> </div> <div class="subscribe-section"> <div class="subscribe-info-btns"> <p class="subscribe-title">Subscribe</p> <div class="subscribe-btns"> <a href="/sub/" id="hb-subscribe-btn-d" title="Digital Subscribe">Digital</a> <a href="/sub/print/" id="hb-subscribe-btn-p" title="Print Subscribe">Print</a> </div> </div> <div class="mobile-search-container"> <form class="holder-search" method="GET" action="/search" id="headerSearchForm"> <input class="form-field" type="text" placeholder="Search" name="query" autocomplete="off" id="query" required> <button class="btn-submit" type="submit"><span class="search" id="toggleSearch"><img src="/theme_japantimes/images/search_icon.svg" alt="Search" width="16.5" height="16.5" /></span></button> </form> </div> </div> <div class="links-section"> <ul> <li><a href="/tag/yen/" title="Yen">Yen</a></li> <li><a href="/trending/" title="Japan tax reform">Japan tax reform</a></li> <li><a href="/tag/russia-ukraine-war/" title="Russia-Ukraine war">Russia-Ukraine war</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/latest-news/" title="Latest News">Latest News</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/deep-dive/" title="Deep Dive">Deep Dive</a></li> </ul> <p class="todays_print_edition_header"><a href="https://epaper.japantimes.co.jp/" title="Today's Print Edition" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Today's print edition</a></p> <p class="home-delivery"><a href="/sub/print/" title="HOME DELIVERY">Home Delivery</a></p> </div> <div class="menu-section"> <ul class="sections"> <li class="section-item" id="97"> <a href="/news/japan/" title="JAPAN">JAPAN</a> <i class="icon-chevron-down action-icon"></i> <ul class="subsections hidden" id="subsections-97"> <li><a href="/news/japan/politics/" title="Politics">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/news/japan/society/" title="Society">Society</a></li> <li><a href="/news/japan/crime-legal/" title="Crime & Legal">Crime & Legal</a></li> <li><a href="/news/japan/science-health/" title="Science & Health">Science & Health</a></li> <li><a href="/news/japan/explainer/" title="Explainer">Explainer</a></li> <li><a href="/news/japan/history/" title="History">History</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="section-item" id="109"> <a href="/news/world/" title="WORLD">WORLD</a> <i class="icon-chevron-down action-icon"></i> <ul class="subsections hidden" id="subsections-109"> <li><a href="/news/world/politics/" title="Politics">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/news/world/crime-legal/" title="Crime & Legal">Crime & Legal</a></li> <li><a href="/news/world/science-health/" title="Science & Health">Science & Health</a></li> <li><a href="/news/world/society/" title="Society">Society</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="section-item" id="114"> <a href="/news/asia-pacific/" title="ASIA PACIFIC">ASIA PACIFIC</a> <i class="icon-chevron-down action-icon"></i> <ul class="subsections hidden" id="subsections-114"> <li><a href="/news/asia-pacific/politics/" title="Politics">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/news/asia-pacific/crime-legal/" title="Crime & Legal">Crime & Legal</a></li> <li><a href="/news/asia-pacific/science-health/" title="Science & Health">Science & Health</a></li> <li><a href="/news/asia-pacific/society/" title="Society">Society</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="section-item" id="120"> <a href="/business/" title="BUSINESS">BUSINESS</a> <i class="icon-chevron-down action-icon"></i> <ul class="subsections hidden" id="subsections-120"> <li><a href="/business/companies/" title="Companies">Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/business/economy/" title="Economy">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/business/markets/" title="Markets">Markets</a></li> <li><a href="/business/tech/" title="Tech">Tech</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="section-item" id="187"> <a href="/sports/" title="SPORTS">SPORTS</a> <i class="icon-chevron-down action-icon"></i> <ul class="subsections hidden" id="subsections-187"> <li><a href="/sports/sumo/" title="Sumo">Sumo</a></li> <li><a href="/sports/soccer/" title="Soccer">Soccer</a></li> <li><a href="/sports/baseball/" title="Baseball">Baseball</a></li> <li><a href="/sports/basketball/" title="Basketball">Basketball</a></li> <li><a href="/sports/tennis/" title="Tennis">Tennis</a></li> <li><a href="/sports/olympics/" title="Olympics">Olympics</a></li> <li><a href="/sports/more-sports/" title="More sports">More sports</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="section-item" id="147"> <a href="/opinion/" title="OPINION">OPINION</a> <i class="icon-chevron-down action-icon"></i> <ul class="subsections hidden" id="subsections-147"> <li><a href="/opinion/editorials/" title="Editorials">Editorials</a></li> <li><a href="/opinion/commentary/" title="Commentary">Commentary</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="section-item" id="210"> <a href="/environment/" title="Environment">Environment</a> <i class="icon-chevron-down action-icon"></i> <ul class="subsections hidden" id="subsections-210"> <li><a href="/environment/climate-change/" title="CLIMATE CHANGE">CLIMATE CHANGE</a></li> <li><a href="/environment/energy/" title="Energy">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/environment/sustainability/" title="SUSTAINABILITY">SUSTAINABILITY</a></li> <li><a href="/environment/wildlife/" title="WILDLIFE">WILDLIFE</a></li> <li><a href="/environment/earth-science/" title="EARTH SCIENCE">EARTH SCIENCE</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="section-item" id="152"> <a href="/life/" title="LIFE">LIFE</a> <i class="icon-chevron-down action-icon"></i> <ul class="subsections hidden" id="subsections-152"> <li><a href="/life/travel/" title="Travel">Travel</a></li> <li><a href="/life/digital/" title="Digital">Digital</a></li> <li><a href="/life/food-drink/" title="Food & Drink">Food & Drink</a></li> <li><a href="/life/style-design/" title="Style & Design">Style & Design</a></li> <li><a href="/life/language/" title="Language">Language</a></li> <li><a href="/life/lifestyle/" title="Lifestyle">Lifestyle</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="section-item" id="134"> <a href="/culture/" title="CULTURE">CULTURE</a> <i class="icon-chevron-down action-icon"></i> <ul class="subsections hidden" id="subsections-134"> <li><a href="/culture/film/" title="Film">Film</a></li> <li><a href="/culture/books/" title="Books">Books</a></li> <li><a href="/culture/music/" title="Music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/culture/art/" title="Art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/culture/tv-streaming/" title="TV & Streaming">TV & Streaming</a></li> <li><a href="/culture/stage/" title="Stage">Stage</a></li> <li><a href="/culture/entertainment-news/" title="Entertainment news">Entertainment news</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="section-item" id="163"> <a href="/community/" title="COMMUNITY">COMMUNITY</a> <i class="icon-chevron-down action-icon"></i> <ul class="subsections hidden" id="subsections-163"> <li><a href="/community/voices/" title="Voices">Voices</a></li> <li><a href="/community/issues/" title="Issues">Issues</a></li> <li><a href="/community/how-tos/" title="How-tos">How-tos</a></li> <li><a href="/community/our-lives/" title="Our Lives">Our Lives</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </sidebar> <div class="account-data no-print"> <div class="logo"> <div class="close-sidebar" onclick="toggleAccountInfo()"><i class="icon-close"></i></div> </div> <div class="actions"> <ul> <li class="user-email"></li> <li><a href="/my-account/" title="My Account">My Account <i class="icon-arrow_forward_ios"></i></a></li> <li><a href="/bookmark-articles/" title="My Bookmarks">My Bookmarks</a></li> <li class="piano-myaccount-logout-button"><a id="piano-logout-button" href="javascript:void(0)" title="Logout" style="padding:unset !important;background-color: transparent !important;">Logout <i class="icon-arrow_forward_ios"></i></a></li> </ul> <div class="packages"><a href="/sub/" title="Subscribe for more access">Subscribe for more access</a></div> </div> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> $(function() { if ($('header .adjust-space').length) { var headerHeight = $('header.not-home-header .always-visible').height(); $('header .adjust-space').css('height', headerHeight + 'px'); } $("header .header-content .right-col #user_account_header li.subscribe_info").on({ mouseenter: function () { $('i', $(this)).removeClass('icon-chevron-down').addClass('icon-chevron-up'); }, mouseleave: function () { $('i', $(this)).removeClass('icon-chevron-up').addClass('icon-chevron-down'); } }); }); $(window).on('scroll', function() { var height = $(window).scrollTop(); var topHeight = $('header').outerHeight() - 20; // for home page if (height > topHeight) { $("header .sticky-menu").addClass("visible"); $("header .search-container").addClass("sticky-search"); } else { $("header .sticky-menu").removeClass("visible"); $("header .search-container").removeClass("sticky-search"); } }); $('header .search-open').on('click', function() { $('header .search-container').toggleClass('show'); }); $('header .close-form').on('click', function() { $('header .search-container').removeClass('show'); }); $('#overlay').on('click', function() { // alert('hello'); $('html').removeClass("hidden-body"); if ($('sidebar').hasClass('active')) { $('sidebar').removeClass('active') } if ($("div.account-data").hasClass('active')) { $("div.account-data").removeClass('active') } $("#overlay").toggleClass("active"); }); $('li.section-item .action-icon').on('click', function(e) { var parentItem = $(this).closest('li[class^="section-item"]'); if (!$(e.target).closest('.subsections').length) { e.preventDefault(); $('.subsections').slideUp(); $('.subsections').addClass('hidden'); $('.section-item i').addClass('icon-chevron-down').removeClass('icon-chevron-up'); if (!parentItem.hasClass('active')) { if(parentItem.children('i').hasClass('icon-chevron-down')){ parentItem.children('i').removeClass('icon-chevron-down').addClass('icon-chevron-up'); }else{ parentItem.children('i').addClass('icon-chevron-down').removeClass('icon-chevron-up'); } parentItem.children('.subsections').removeClass('hidden'); parentItem.children('.subsections').slideDown(); } } parentItem.toggleClass('active'); }); function toggleSidebar() { $("sidebar").toggleClass("active"); $("#overlay").toggleClass("active"); if ($("sidebar").hasClass('active')) { $('html').addClass("hidden-body"); } else { $('html').removeClass("hidden-body"); } } function toggleAccountInfo() { $("div.account-data").toggleClass("active"); $("#overlay").toggleClass("active"); if ($("div.account-data").hasClass('active')) { $('html').addClass("hidden-body"); } else { $('html').removeClass("hidden-body"); } } </script> <main class=" ">  <div hidden id="page_info" data-np_page_id="248" data-is_home_page="0" data-is_article_page="0" data-page_title="Culture"> </div> <div class="container "> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12 noPadding col-xs-12">  <style> .jt-page-title{text-transform: uppercase; border-bottom: 2px solid #000000;margin-bottom: 25px;} .jt-page-title h1{font-family: 'Pluto Sans Bold', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 40px; line-height: 49.5px; margin-bottom: 16.5px;margin-top: 5px;} .jt-page-title h1.page-title-name{margin-bottom: 0px;} .jt-page-title h2{font-family: 'Pluto Sans Regular', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 20px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px;margin-top: 0px;} .jt-page-title h2 a{color:#000;font-weight:400 ;} .jt-page-title h2 a:hover{text-decoration: underline;} .jt-page-title .sub-sections{display: flex;margin-bottom: 16.5px;} .jt-page-title .sub-sections .sub-section-con{padding-right: 7px;padding-left: 7px;border-right: 1px solid #999999;flex: 0 0 auto;} .jt-page-title .sub-sections .sub-section-con:first-child{padding-left: 0px;} .jt-page-title .sub-sections .sub-section-con:last-child{border-right: none;} .jt-page-title .sub-sections a.sub-section{font-family: 'Pluto Sans Regular', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;font-size:14px;line-height:17.3px;color:#000000;padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px;} .jt-page-title .sub-sections a.sub-section:hover, .jt-page-title .sub-sections a.sub-section.active{background-color: #efefef;} @media(max-width: 991px){ .jt-page-title{position: relative;margin-left: -8px;margin-right: -8px;padding-left: 30px;padding-right: 30px;padding-bottom: 0px;} .jt-page-title h1{margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 18px;font-size: 26px;line-height: 32.14px;} .jt-page-title h2{font-size: 18px;line-height: 22.25px;} .jt-page-title .sub-sections{overflow-x: auto;padding-left: 20px;padding-right:20px;padding-bottom: 15px;margin-bottom:0px;} .jt-page-title .sub-sections::-webkit-scrollbar{display: none;} .jt-page-title .sub-sections a.sub-section{margin-bottom: 8px;} .jt-page-title .blurred-text-gradient{position: absolute;right: 3px;height: 30px;width: 50px;bottom: 18px;content: ""; background: linear-gradient(360deg,rgb(255,255,255,0.8),rgba(255,255,255,0.9),transparent,transparent);} .jt-page-title .blurred-text-gradient.left{left: 3px;} } </style> <div class="jt-page-title paddingDefault " data-widget-id="3915"> <h1>CULTURE</h1> <div class="blurred-text-gradient left"></div> <div class="sub-sections"> <div class="sub-section-con"><a class="sub-section " href="/culture/film/" title="Film">Film</a></div> <div class="sub-section-con"><a class="sub-section " href="/culture/books/" title="Books">Books</a></div> <div class="sub-section-con"><a class="sub-section " href="/culture/art/" title="Art">Art</a></div> <div class="sub-section-con"><a class="sub-section " href="/culture/music/" title="Music">Music</a></div> <div class="sub-section-con"><a class="sub-section " href="/culture/tv-streaming/" title="TV & Streaming">TV & Streaming</a></div> <div class="sub-section-con"><a class="sub-section " href="/culture/stage/" title="Stage">Stage</a></div> <div class="sub-section-con"><a class="sub-section " href="/culture/entertainment-news/" title="Entertainment news">Entertainment news</a></div> </div> <div class="blurred-text-gradient"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container "> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-8 col-xs-12">  <style> .jt-section-main-articles{margin-top: 20px;} .jt-section-main-articles .separator{color:#333;font-family: 'Neue Bold';font-size: 11px;line-height: 14px;} .jt-section-main-articles .article{margin-bottom: 20px;} .jt-section-main-articles .article-image{margin-bottom: 10px;} .jt-section-main-articles .layout-ratio{padding-bottom: 55%;} .jt-section-main-articles .article-title{margin-top: 5px;margin-bottom: 5px;} .jt-section-main-articles .article-title a{font-family: 'Utopia Std Semi Bold', Georgia, serif; color:#333; font-size: 24px;line-height: 27px; display: block;max-height: 54px; overflow: hidden;} .jt-section-main-articles .two-articles .article-title a{height: 81px; max-height: unset;} .jt-section-main-articles .article-body a{font-family: 'Utopia Std', Georgia, "Hiragino Mincho Pro", "Hiragino Mincho", serif; color:#333333; font-size: 17px;line-height: 24px; display: block;max-height: 72px; overflow: hidden;} .jt-section-main-articles .article-section{display: inline-block;} .jt-section-main-articles .article-section a{font-family: 'Pluto Sans Bold', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; color:#c8102e; font-size: 11px;line-height: 14px; text-transform: uppercase;} .jt-section-main-articles .article-byline{font-family: 'Pluto Sans regular', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif!important; color:#898989; font-size: 11px;line-height: 21px; text-transform: uppercase;} .jt-section-main-articles .two-articles .article-byline{height: 21px;} .jt-section-main-articles .article-byline a{color:#898989} @media(max-width: 768px){ .jt-section-main-articles .article-title a{max-height: unset;} .jt-section-main-articles .two-articles .article-title a{height: unset;} .jt-section-main-articles .two-articles .article-byline{height: unset;} } </style> <div class="jt-section-main-articles " data-widget-id="3916"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12 article"> <div class="article-image"> <a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/culture/2024/11/27/film/what-divides-us-hiroshima/" title="‘What Divides Us’ producer honors grandfather’s Hiroshima reportage"><div class="layout-ratio"> <picture> <source media="(min-width: 786px)" data-srcset="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2024/11/27/436856.jpg?v=3.1&w=1000&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.51" type="image/jpg"> <source data-srcset="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2024/11/27/436856.jpg?v=3.1&w=600&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.51" type="image/jpg"> <img src="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2024/11/27/436856.jpg?v=3.1&w=1000&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.51" class="lazy figure-img img-fluid rounded" data-src="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2024/11/27/436856.jpg?v=3.1&w=1000&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.51" style="" alt="“What Divides Us" producer Cannon Hersey says his grandfather, who wrote about the aftermath of nuclear destruction in Hiroshima, never spoke about what he had seen while working with Japanese minister Kiyoshi Tanimoto to preserve the stories of survivors." title="“What Divides Us" producer Cannon Hersey says his grandfather, who wrote about the aftermath of nuclear destruction in Hiroshima, never spoke about what he had seen while working with Japanese minister Kiyoshi Tanimoto to preserve the stories of survivors." onerror="this.src='/theme_japantimes/images/no-image.png';this.removeAttribute('onerror');"> </picture> </div> </a> </div> <div class="article-section"> <a href="/culture/" title="CULTURE">CULTURE</a> <span class="separator">/</span> <a href="/culture/film/" title="Film">Film</a> </div> <div class="article-title"><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/culture/2024/11/27/film/what-divides-us-hiroshima/" title="‘What Divides Us’ producer honors grandfather’s Hiroshima reportage">‘What Divides Us’ producer honors grandfather’s Hiroshima reportage</a></div> <div class="article-byline"> By <a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/author/4668/himari-semans/" title="Himari Semans">Himari Semans</a><br/> </div> <div class="article-body"><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/culture/2024/11/27/film/what-divides-us-hiroshima/" title="‘What Divides Us’ producer honors grandfather’s Hiroshima reportage">The feature film centers on the bond between a Japanese minister and an American journalist who worked together to document the aftermath of nuclear destruction.</a></div> </div> <div class="col-md-6 article two-articles"> <div class="article-image"> <a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/culture/2024/11/26/art/aiku-kurotaki-tokyo-art/" title="‘From 0 to 1’: Aiku Kurotaki’s fabric of existence"><div class="layout-ratio"> <picture> <source media="(min-width: 786px)" data-srcset="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2024/11/26/436359.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.51" type="image/jpg"> <source data-srcset="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2024/11/26/436359.jpg?v=3.1&w=600&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.51" type="image/jpg"> <img src="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2024/11/26/436359.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.51" class="lazy figure-img img-fluid rounded" data-src="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2024/11/26/436359.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.51" style="" alt="Aiku Kurotaki’s “Human 1” (2024) — and “Human 0” (2024) to the left — on display at Tokyo’s Som Gallery earlier this year." title="Aiku Kurotaki’s “Human 1” (2024) — and “Human 0” (2024) to the left — on display at Tokyo’s Som Gallery earlier this year." onerror="this.src='/theme_japantimes/images/no-image.png';this.removeAttribute('onerror');"> </picture> </div> </a> </div> <div class="article-section"> <a href="/culture/" title="CULTURE">CULTURE</a> <span class="separator">/</span> <a href="/culture/art/" title="Art">Art</a> </div> <div class="article-title"><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/culture/2024/11/26/art/aiku-kurotaki-tokyo-art/" title="‘From 0 to 1’: Aiku Kurotaki’s fabric of existence">‘From 0 to 1’: Aiku Kurotaki’s fabric of existence</a></div> <div class="article-byline"> By <a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/author/3800/ansel-swindells/" title="Ansel Swindells">Ansel Swindells</a><br/> </div> <div class="article-body"><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/culture/2024/11/26/art/aiku-kurotaki-tokyo-art/" title="‘From 0 to 1’: Aiku Kurotaki’s fabric of existence">The artist's wool sculptures play off the idea of string theory, which conceptualizes subatomic particles as infinitesimal strings vibrating in fixed patterns.</a></div> </div> <div class="col-md-6 article two-articles"> <div class="article-image"> <a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/culture/2024/11/28/film/lust-in-the-rain/" title="The mind-bending melancholy of ‘Lust in the Rain’"><div class="layout-ratio"> <picture> <source media="(min-width: 786px)" data-srcset="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2024/11/26/436317.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.51" type="image/jpg"> <source data-srcset="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2024/11/26/436317.jpg?v=3.1&w=600&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.51" type="image/jpg"> <img src="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2024/11/26/436317.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.51" class="lazy figure-img img-fluid rounded" data-src="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2024/11/26/436317.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.51" style="" alt="Eriko Nakamura (left) and Ryo Narita play star-crossed lovers in Shinzo Katayama’s hallucinatory romp through past and present, dreams and reality." title="Eriko Nakamura (left) and Ryo Narita play star-crossed lovers in Shinzo Katayama’s hallucinatory romp through past and present, dreams and reality." onerror="this.src='/theme_japantimes/images/no-image.png';this.removeAttribute('onerror');"> </picture> </div> </a> </div> <div class="article-section"> <a href="/culture/" title="CULTURE">CULTURE</a> <span class="separator">/</span> <a href="/culture/film/" title="Film">Film</a> </div> <div class="article-title"><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/culture/2024/11/28/film/lust-in-the-rain/" title="The mind-bending melancholy of ‘Lust in the Rain’">The mind-bending melancholy of ‘Lust in the Rain’</a></div> <div class="article-byline"> By <a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/author/242/mark-schilling/" title="Mark Schilling">Mark Schilling</a><br/> </div> <div class="article-body"><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/culture/2024/11/28/film/lust-in-the-rain/" title="The mind-bending melancholy of ‘Lust in the Rain’">Shinzo Katayama’s hallucinatory film boldly explores both the absurdities of wartime violence and the erotic psyche.</a></div> </div> </div> </div>  <style> </style> <div class="jt-section-tabs " data-widget_id="3930">  <style> .jt-tab-main-article{margin-top: 20px;} .jt-tab-main-article .separator{color:#333;font-family: 'Neue Bold';font-size: 11px;line-height: 14px;} .jt-tab-main-article .widget-title{border-bottom: 2px solid #000000;padding-bottom: 5px;margin-bottom: 15px;} .jt-tab-main-article .widget-title h2{margin-bottom: 0px;margin-top: 0px;font-family: 'Pluto Sans Bold', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; color:#c8102e; font-size: 26px;line-height: 18px; text-transform: uppercase;} .jt-tab-main-article .widget-title h2 a{color:#c8102e;} .jt-tab-main-article .widget-title h2 a:hover{color:#898989;} .jt-tab-main-article .article{margin-bottom: 2px;} .jt-tab-main-article .article-image{width: 23%;padding-right: 8px;} .jt-tab-main-article .article-details{width: 77%;padding-left: 8px; float:left;display: inline-grid;} .jt-tab-main-article .no-image-article .article-details{width: 100%;padding-left: 0px;} .jt-tab-main-article .article-image{margin-bottom: 10px; float:left;} .jt-tab-main-article .layout-ratio{padding-bottom: 100%;} .jt-tab-main-article .article-title{margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 5px;} .jt-tab-main-article .article-title a{font-family: 'Utopia Std Semi Bold', Georgia, serif; color:#333; font-size: 24px;line-height: 27px; display: block;max-height: 54px; overflow: hidden;} .jt-tab-main-article .article-body{clear: none; float: right; width: 77%;padding-left: 8px; } .jt-tab-main-article .no-image-article .article-body{width: 100%;padding-left: 0px; } .jt-tab-main-article .article-body a{font-family: 'Utopia Std', Georgia, "Hiragino Mincho Pro", "Hiragino Mincho", serif; color:#333333; font-size: 17px;line-height: 24px; display: block;max-height: 72px; overflow: hidden;} .jt-tab-main-article .article-section{display: inline-block;} .jt-tab-main-article .article-section a{font-family: 'Pluto Sans Bold', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; color:#c8102e; font-size: 11px;line-height: 14px; text-transform: uppercase;} .jt-tab-main-article .article-byline{font-family: 'Pluto Sans Regular', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif!important; color:#898989; font-size: 11px;line-height: 21px; text-transform: uppercase;} .jt-tab-main-article .article-byline a{color:#898989} @media (max-width: 768px){ .jt-tab-main-article .article-image{padding-right: 4px;} .jt-tab-main-article .article-details{padding-left: 4px; } .jt-tab-main-article .no-image-article .article-details{padding-left: 0px; } .jt-tab-main-article .article-title a{max-height: unset;overflow: hidden;font-size: 18px;line-height: 20px;} .jt-tab-main-article .article-body{clear: left; float: none; width: 100%;padding-left: 0px;} } </style> <div class="jt-tab-main-article " data-widget-id="3931"> <div class="widget-title"> <h2><a href='/culture/film/' title='Film'>Film</a></h2> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12 article "> <div class="article-image"> <a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/culture/2024/11/27/film/what-divides-us-hiroshima/" title="‘What Divides Us’ producer honors grandfather’s Hiroshima reportage"><div class="layout-ratio"> <picture> <source media="(min-width: 786px)" data-srcset="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2024/11/27/436856.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.51" type="image/jpg"> <source data-srcset="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2024/11/27/436856.jpg?v=3.1&w=600&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.51" type="image/jpg"> <img src="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2024/11/27/436856.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.51" class="lazy figure-img img-fluid rounded" data-src="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2024/11/27/436856.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.51" style="" alt="“What Divides Us" producer Cannon Hersey says his grandfather, who wrote about the aftermath of nuclear destruction in Hiroshima, never spoke about what he had seen while working with Japanese minister Kiyoshi Tanimoto to preserve the stories of survivors." title="“What Divides Us" producer Cannon Hersey says his grandfather, who wrote about the aftermath of nuclear destruction in Hiroshima, never spoke about what he had seen while working with Japanese minister Kiyoshi Tanimoto to preserve the stories of survivors." onerror="this.src='/theme_japantimes/images/no-image.png';this.removeAttribute('onerror');"> </picture> </div> </a> </div> <div class="article-details"> <div class="article-section"> <a href="/culture/film/" title="Film">Film</a> </div> <div class="article-title"><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/culture/2024/11/27/film/what-divides-us-hiroshima/" title="‘What Divides Us’ producer honors grandfather’s Hiroshima reportage">‘What Divides Us’ producer honors grandfather’s Hiroshima reportage</a></div> <div class="article-byline"> By <a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/author/4668/himari-semans/" title="Himari Semans">Himari Semans</a><br/> </div> </div> <div class="article-body"><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/culture/2024/11/27/film/what-divides-us-hiroshima/" title="‘What Divides Us’ producer honors grandfather’s Hiroshima reportage">The feature film centers on the bond between a Japanese minister and an American journalist who worked together to document the aftermath of nuclear destruction.</a></div> </div> </div> </div>  <style> .jt-section-tab-articles .article{margin-bottom: 20px;} .jt-section-tab-articles .separator{color:#333;font-family: 'Pluto Sans Regular';font-size: 11px;line-height: 14px;} .jt-section-tab-articles .article-title{margin-top: 2px;margin-bottom: 2px;} .jt-section-tab-articles .article-title a{font-family: 'Utopia Std Semi Bold', Georgia, serif; color:#333; font-size: 18px;line-height: 24px; display: block;max-height: 48px; overflow: hidden;} .jt-section-tab-articles .article-subsection{display: inline-block;padding-right: 5px;} .jt-section-tab-articles .article-subsection a{font-family: 'Pluto Sans Bold', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; color:#c8102e; font-size: 11px;line-height: 14px; text-transform: uppercase;} .jt-section-tab-articles .article-byline{font-family: 'Pluto Sans Regular', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif!important; color:#898989; font-size: 11px;line-height: 21px; text-transform: uppercase;} .jt-section-tab-articles .article-byline a{color:#898989} @media(max-width:768px){ .jt-section-tab-articles .article-title a{max-height: unset;} } </style> <div class="jt-section-tab-articles " data-widget-id="3932"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-6 article"> <div class="article-subsection"> <a href="/culture/film/" title="Film">Film</a> </div> <div class="article-title"><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/culture/2024/11/28/film/faceless/" title="‘Faceless’: Fugitive thriller turns a blind eye to hard truths">‘Faceless’: Fugitive thriller turns a blind eye to hard truths</a></div> <div class="article-byline"> By <a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/author/243/james-hadfield/" title="James Hadfield">James Hadfield</a><br/> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6 article"> <div class="article-subsection"> <a href="/culture/film/" title="Film">Film</a> </div> <div class="article-title"><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/culture/2024/11/28/film/lust-in-the-rain/" title="The mind-bending melancholy of ‘Lust in the Rain’">The mind-bending melancholy of ‘Lust in the Rain’</a></div> <div class="article-byline"> By <a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/author/242/mark-schilling/" title="Mark Schilling">Mark Schilling</a><br/> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6 article"> <div class="article-subsection"> <a href="/culture/film/" title="Film">Film</a> </div> <div class="article-title"><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/culture/2024/11/21/film/a-samurai-in-time-junichi-yasuda/" title="The slow-burn success of ‘A Samurai in Time’">The slow-burn success of ‘A Samurai in Time’</a></div> <div class="article-byline"> By <a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/author/243/james-hadfield/" title="James Hadfield">James Hadfield</a><br/> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6 article"> <div class="article-subsection"> <a href="/culture/film/" title="Film">Film</a> </div> <div class="article-title"><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/culture/2024/11/21/film/angry-squad/" title="‘Angry Squad’: A caper comedy with a lot of heart">‘Angry Squad’: A caper comedy with a lot of heart</a></div> <div class="article-byline"> By <a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/author/243/james-hadfield/" title="James Hadfield">James Hadfield</a><br/> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6 article"> <div class="article-subsection"> <a href="/culture/film/" title="Film">Film</a> </div> <div class="article-title"><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/culture/2024/11/21/film/performing-kaorus-funeral/" title="‘Performing Kaoru's Funeral’: Ambitious drama reflects on love that doesn’t die">‘Performing Kaoru's Funeral’: Ambitious drama reflects on love that doesn’t die</a></div> <div class="article-byline"> By <a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/author/242/mark-schilling/" title="Mark Schilling">Mark Schilling</a><br/> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6 article"> <div class="article-subsection"> <a href="/culture/film/" title="Film">Film</a> </div> <div class="article-title"><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/culture/2024/11/18/film/route-29/" title="‘Route 29’: Misfits come together in touching road movie">‘Route 29’: Misfits come together in touching road movie</a></div> <div class="article-byline"> By <a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/author/242/mark-schilling/" title="Mark Schilling">Mark Schilling</a><br/> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div>  <style> </style> <div class="jt-section-tabs " data-widget_id="3933">  <div class="jt-tab-main-article " data-widget-id="3934"> <div class="widget-title"> <h2><a href='/culture/books/' title='Books'>Books</a></h2> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12 article "> <div class="article-image"> <a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/culture/2024/11/21/books/tokyo-swindlers/" title="'Tokyo Swindlers': Get deep into the minds of real estate con artists"><div class="layout-ratio"> <picture> <source media="(min-width: 786px)" data-srcset="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2024/11/21/434325.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.51" type="image/jpg"> <source data-srcset="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2024/11/21/434325.jpg?v=3.1&w=600&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.51" type="image/jpg"> <img src="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2024/11/21/434325.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.51" class="lazy figure-img img-fluid rounded" data-src="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2024/11/21/434325.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.51" style="" alt="In Ko Shinjo's "Tokyo Swindlers," a group of con artists manipulates real estate giants into falsified deals within the highly competitive, quick market." title="In Ko Shinjo's "Tokyo Swindlers," a group of con artists manipulates real estate giants into falsified deals within the highly competitive, quick market." onerror="this.src='/theme_japantimes/images/no-image.png';this.removeAttribute('onerror');"> </picture> </div> </a> </div> <div class="article-details"> <div class="article-section"> <a href="/culture/books/" title="Books">Books</a> </div> <div class="article-title"><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/culture/2024/11/21/books/tokyo-swindlers/" title="'Tokyo Swindlers': Get deep into the minds of real estate con artists">'Tokyo Swindlers': Get deep into the minds of real estate con artists</a></div> <div class="article-byline"> By <a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/author/263/kris-kosaka/" title="Kris Kosaka">Kris Kosaka</a><br/> </div> </div> <div class="article-body"><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/culture/2024/11/21/books/tokyo-swindlers/" title="'Tokyo Swindlers': Get deep into the minds of real estate con artists">Ko Shinjo’s novel, a bold exploration of the twisted psyches of criminals, is best appreciated as a companion work to the recent Netflix series of the same title.</a></div> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="jt-section-tab-articles " data-widget-id="3935"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-6 article"> <div class="article-subsection"> <a href="/culture/books/" title="Books">Books</a> </div> <div class="article-title"><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/culture/2024/11/19/books/haruki-murakami-the-city-and-its-uncertain-walls/" title="Haruki Murakami's 'The City and Its Uncertain Walls' gives deep deja vu">Haruki Murakami's 'The City and Its Uncertain Walls' gives deep deja vu</a></div> <div class="article-byline"> By <a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/author/4754/thu-huong-ha/" title="Thu-Huong Ha">Thu-Huong Ha</a><br/> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6 article"> <div class="article-subsection"> <a href="/culture/books/" title="Books">Books</a> </div> <div class="article-title"><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/culture/2024/11/16/books/brutalism-architecture/" title="Brutal beauty worth saving from the wrecking ball">Brutal beauty worth saving from the wrecking ball</a></div> <div class="article-byline"> By <a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/author/6018/zoria-petkoska/" title="Zoria Petkoska">Zoria Petkoska</a><br/> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6 article"> <div class="article-subsection"> <a href="/culture/books/" title="Books">Books</a> </div> <div class="article-title"><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/culture/2024/11/15/books/taiwan-travelogue/" title="The sentimental gastronomies of ‘Taiwan Travelogue’">The sentimental gastronomies of ‘Taiwan Travelogue’</a></div> <div class="article-byline"> By <a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/author/6008/mike-fu/" title="Mike Fu">Mike Fu</a><br/> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6 article"> <div class="article-subsection"> <a href="/culture/books/" title="Books">Books</a> </div> <div class="article-title"><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/culture/2024/11/12/books/set-my-heart-on-fire-izumi-suzuki/" title="‘Set My Heart on Fire’: Izumi Suzuki captures the heady cravings of youth">‘Set My Heart on Fire’: Izumi Suzuki captures the heady cravings of youth</a></div> <div class="article-byline"> By <a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/author/4754/thu-huong-ha/" title="Thu-Huong Ha">Thu-Huong Ha</a><br/> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6 article"> <div class="article-subsection"> <a href="/culture/books/" title="Books">Books</a> </div> <div class="article-title"><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/culture/2024/11/03/books/suzumi-suzuki-gifted/" title="A nuanced glimpse into the cloistered world of Kabukicho">A nuanced glimpse into the cloistered world of Kabukicho</a></div> <div class="article-byline"> By <a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/author/263/kris-kosaka/" title="Kris Kosaka">Kris Kosaka</a><br/> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6 article"> <div class="article-subsection"> <a href="/culture/books/" title="Books">Books</a> </div> <div class="article-title"><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/culture/2024/11/02/books/cozy-cats-healing-fiction/" title="Cat companions and the 'healing fiction' boom">Cat companions and the 'healing fiction' boom</a></div> <div class="article-byline"> By <a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/author/6008/mike-fu/" title="Mike Fu">Mike Fu</a><br/> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div>  <style> </style> <div class="jt-section-tabs " data-widget_id="3936">  <div class="jt-tab-main-article " data-widget-id="3937"> <div class="widget-title"> <h2><a href='/culture/music/' title='Music'>Music</a></h2> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12 article "> <div class="article-image"> <a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/culture/2024/11/24/music/amapinight-gqom/" title="There's no room for wallflowers at Amapinight"><div class="layout-ratio"> <picture> <source media="(min-width: 786px)" data-srcset="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2024/11/24/435655.jpeg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.51" type="image/jpg"> <source data-srcset="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2024/11/24/435655.jpeg?v=3.1&w=600&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.51" type="image/jpg"> <img src="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2024/11/24/435655.jpeg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.51" class="lazy figure-img img-fluid rounded" data-src="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2024/11/24/435655.jpeg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.51" style="" alt="The time and location for Amapinight parties are never certain, but two things you can be assured of when attending are that there will be dancing and a lot of amapiano." title="The time and location for Amapinight parties are never certain, but two things you can be assured of when attending are that there will be dancing and a lot of amapiano." onerror="this.src='/theme_japantimes/images/no-image.png';this.removeAttribute('onerror');"> </picture> </div> </a> </div> <div class="article-details"> <div class="article-section"> <a href="/culture/music/" title="Music">Music</a> </div> <div class="article-title"><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/culture/2024/11/24/music/amapinight-gqom/" title="There's no room for wallflowers at Amapinight">There's no room for wallflowers at Amapinight</a></div> <div class="article-byline"> By <a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/author/4200/kim-kahan/" title="Kim Kahan">Kim Kahan</a><br/> </div> </div> <div class="article-body"><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/culture/2024/11/24/music/amapinight-gqom/" title="There's no room for wallflowers at Amapinight">From amapiano to dancehall, Japanese dancers and DJs are moving the masses with African beats at Tokyo's most energetic party.</a></div> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="jt-section-tab-articles " data-widget-id="3938"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-6 article"> <div class="article-subsection"> <a href="/culture/music/" title="Music">Music</a> <span class="separator">/</span> <a title="Sound Off" href="/tag/sound-off?type=column">Sound Off</a> </div> <div class="article-title"><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/culture/2024/11/24/music/kohaku-uta-gassen-lineup/" title="'Kohaku' still matters for J-pop bragging rights">'Kohaku' still matters for J-pop bragging rights</a></div> <div class="article-byline"> By <a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/author/226/patrick-st-michel/" title="Patrick St. Michel">Patrick St. Michel</a><br/> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6 article"> <div class="article-subsection"> <a href="/culture/music/" title="Music">Music</a> </div> <div class="article-title"><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/culture/2024/11/05/music/japanese-tuba-quartet-tubassadors/" title="The Tubassadors hope to change the tuba’s tune">The Tubassadors hope to change the tuba’s tune</a></div> <div class="article-byline"> By <a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/author/256/louise-george-kittaka/" title="Louise George Kittaka">Louise George Kittaka</a><br/> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6 article"> <div class="article-subsection"> <a href="/culture/music/" title="Music">Music</a> </div> <div class="article-title"><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/culture/2024/10/27/music/sign-language-rock-band/" title="Sign-language rock band marks 35 years in Japan">Sign-language rock band marks 35 years in Japan</a></div> <div class="article-byline"> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6 article"> <div class="article-subsection"> <a href="/culture/music/" title="Music">Music</a> </div> <div class="article-title"><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/culture/2024/10/21/music/chile-band-mareo-latin-music/" title="Chilean trio Mareo! is on a lengthy tour to help grow its Latin-inspired sound in Japan">Chilean trio Mareo! is on a lengthy tour to help grow its Latin-inspired sound in Japan</a></div> <div class="article-byline"> By <a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/author/226/patrick-st-michel/" title="Patrick St. Michel">Patrick St. Michel</a><br/> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6 article"> <div class="article-subsection"> <a href="/culture/music/" title="Music">Music</a> </div> <div class="article-title"><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/culture/2024/10/11/music/peter-barakan-live-magic-finale/" title="Peter Barakan’s Live Magic! takes its final bow">Peter Barakan’s Live Magic! takes its final bow</a></div> <div class="article-byline"> By <a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/author/244/matt-schley/" title="Matt Schley">Matt Schley</a><br/> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6 article"> <div class="article-subsection"> <a href="/culture/music/" title="Music">Music</a> </div> <div class="article-title"><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/culture/2024/10/05/music/ginger-root-shinbangumi/" title="Ginger Root expands on effervescent retro sound">Ginger Root expands on effervescent retro sound</a></div> <div class="article-byline"> By <a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/author/226/patrick-st-michel/" title="Patrick St. Michel">Patrick St. Michel</a><br/> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div>  <style> </style> <div class="jt-section-tabs " data-widget_id="3942">  <div class="jt-tab-main-article " data-widget-id="3943"> <div class="widget-title"> <h2><a href='/culture/tv-streaming/' title='TV & Streaming'>TV & Streaming</a></h2> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12 article "> <div class="article-image"> <a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/culture/2024/10/25/tv-streaming/like-a-dragon-yakuza-amazon-prime/" title="Amazon’s ‘Like a Dragon: Yakuza’ pulls its biggest punch"><div class="layout-ratio"> <picture> <source media="(min-width: 786px)" data-srcset="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2024/11/28/437022.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.51" type="image/jpg"> <source data-srcset="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2024/11/28/437022.jpg?v=3.1&w=600&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.51" type="image/jpg"> <img src="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2024/11/28/437022.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.51" class="lazy figure-img img-fluid rounded" data-src="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2024/11/28/437022.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.51" style="object-position:50% 29.464285714285%;" alt="Ryoma Takeuchi (right) is perfectly cast as Kazuma Kiryu, a Jack Reacher-esque character of impermeable physicality in Amazon Prime’s new series “Like a Dragon: Yakuza.”" title="Ryoma Takeuchi (right) is perfectly cast as Kazuma Kiryu, a Jack Reacher-esque character of impermeable physicality in Amazon Prime’s new series “Like a Dragon: Yakuza.”" onerror="this.src='/theme_japantimes/images/no-image.png';this.removeAttribute('onerror');"> </picture> </div> </a> </div> <div class="article-details"> <div class="article-section"> <a href="/culture/tv-streaming/" title="TV & Streaming">TV & Streaming</a> </div> <div class="article-title"><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/culture/2024/10/25/tv-streaming/like-a-dragon-yakuza-amazon-prime/" title="Amazon’s ‘Like a Dragon: Yakuza’ pulls its biggest punch">Amazon’s ‘Like a Dragon: Yakuza’ pulls its biggest punch</a></div> <div class="article-byline"> By <a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/author/3107/owen-ziegler/" title="Owen Ziegler">Owen Ziegler</a><br/> </div> </div> <div class="article-body"><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/culture/2024/10/25/tv-streaming/like-a-dragon-yakuza-amazon-prime/" title="Amazon’s ‘Like a Dragon: Yakuza’ pulls its biggest punch">Amazon’s new series based on the long-running Ryu Ga Gotoku games flattens the quirkiest elements of the Kamurocho red-light district for a run-of-the-mill crime drama.</a></div> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="jt-section-tab-articles " data-widget-id="3944"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-6 article"> <div class="article-subsection"> <a href="/culture/tv-streaming/" title="TV & Streaming">TV & Streaming</a> </div> <div class="article-title"><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/culture/2024/09/20/tv-streaming/yuriyan-retriever-dump-matsumoto/" title="Yuriyan Retriever is Japan's biggest heel — and proud of it">Yuriyan Retriever is Japan's biggest heel — and proud of it</a></div> <div class="article-byline"> By <a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/author/243/james-hadfield/" title="James Hadfield">James Hadfield</a><br/> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6 article"> <div class="article-subsection"> <a href="/culture/tv-streaming/" title="TV & Streaming">TV & Streaming</a> </div> <div class="article-title"><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/culture/2024/09/18/tv-streaming/fukue-shogun-emmys-triumph/" title="Japanese are jubilant over 'Shogun' — even without having watched the series">Japanese are jubilant over 'Shogun' — even without having watched the series</a></div> <div class="article-byline"> By <a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/author/3919/natsuko-fukue/" title="Natsuko Fukue">Natsuko Fukue</a><br/> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6 article"> <div class="article-subsection"> <a href="/culture/tv-streaming/" title="TV & Streaming">TV & Streaming</a> </div> <div class="article-title"><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/culture/2024/09/16/tv-streaming/shogun-emmys-authentic-portrayal/" title="‘Shogun’ and the painstaking art of ‘getting it right’">‘Shogun’ and the painstaking art of ‘getting it right’</a></div> <div class="article-byline"> By <a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/author/4754/thu-huong-ha/" title="Thu-Huong Ha">Thu-Huong Ha</a><br/> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6 article"> <div class="article-subsection"> <a href="/culture/tv-streaming/" title="TV & Streaming">TV & Streaming</a> </div> <div class="article-title"><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/culture/2024/09/16/tv-streaming/emmy-awards-shogun/" title="'Shogun' becomes first non-English-language winner of best drama Emmy">'Shogun' becomes first non-English-language winner of best drama Emmy</a></div> <div class="article-byline"> By <a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/author/2576/alyssa-i-smith/" title="Alyssa I. Smith">Alyssa I. Smith</a><br/> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6 article"> <div class="article-subsection"> <a href="/culture/tv-streaming/" title="TV & Streaming">TV & Streaming</a> </div> <div class="article-title"><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/culture/2024/09/15/tv-streaming/hiroyuki-sanada-shogun-emmys/" title="Hiroyuki Sanada: the actor and producer driving TV's 'Shogun'">Hiroyuki Sanada: the actor and producer driving TV's 'Shogun'</a></div> <div class="article-byline"> By <a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/author/3919/natsuko-fukue/" title="Natsuko Fukue">Natsuko Fukue</a><br/> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6 article"> <div class="article-subsection"> <a href="/culture/tv-streaming/" title="TV & Streaming">TV & Streaming</a> </div> <div class="article-title"><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/culture/2024/09/15/tv-streaming/shogun-gestures-tv-japan/" title="'Groundbreaking' realism key to 'Shogun' success">'Groundbreaking' realism key to 'Shogun' success</a></div> <div class="article-byline"> By <a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/author/3919/natsuko-fukue/" title="Natsuko Fukue">Natsuko Fukue</a><br/> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div>  <style> </style> <div class="jt-section-tabs " data-widget_id="3939">  <div class="jt-tab-main-article " data-widget-id="3940"> <div class="widget-title"> <h2><a href='/culture/art/' title='Art'>Art</a></h2> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12 article "> <div class="article-image"> <a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/culture/2024/11/26/art/aiku-kurotaki-tokyo-art/" title="‘From 0 to 1’: Aiku Kurotaki’s fabric of existence"><div class="layout-ratio"> <picture> <source media="(min-width: 786px)" data-srcset="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2024/11/26/436359.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.51" type="image/jpg"> <source data-srcset="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2024/11/26/436359.jpg?v=3.1&w=600&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.51" type="image/jpg"> <img src="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2024/11/26/436359.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.51" class="lazy figure-img img-fluid rounded" data-src="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2024/11/26/436359.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.51" style="" alt="Aiku Kurotaki’s “Human 1” (2024) — and “Human 0” (2024) to the left — on display at Tokyo’s Som Gallery earlier this year." title="Aiku Kurotaki’s “Human 1” (2024) — and “Human 0” (2024) to the left — on display at Tokyo’s Som Gallery earlier this year." onerror="this.src='/theme_japantimes/images/no-image.png';this.removeAttribute('onerror');"> </picture> </div> </a> </div> <div class="article-details"> <div class="article-section"> <a href="/culture/art/" title="Art">Art</a> </div> <div class="article-title"><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/culture/2024/11/26/art/aiku-kurotaki-tokyo-art/" title="‘From 0 to 1’: Aiku Kurotaki’s fabric of existence">‘From 0 to 1’: Aiku Kurotaki’s fabric of existence</a></div> <div class="article-byline"> By <a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/author/3800/ansel-swindells/" title="Ansel Swindells">Ansel Swindells</a><br/> </div> </div> <div class="article-body"><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/culture/2024/11/26/art/aiku-kurotaki-tokyo-art/" title="‘From 0 to 1’: Aiku Kurotaki’s fabric of existence">The artist's wool sculptures play off the idea of string theory, which conceptualizes subatomic particles as infinitesimal strings vibrating in fixed patterns.</a></div> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="jt-section-tab-articles " data-widget-id="3941"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-6 article"> <div class="article-subsection"> <a href="/culture/art/" title="Art">Art</a> </div> <div class="article-title"><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/culture/2024/11/01/art/yuko-mohri-artizon-museum-venice-biennale/" title="Yuko Mohri is a maestro of unstable elements">Yuko Mohri is a maestro of unstable elements</a></div> <div class="article-byline"> By <a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/author/4754/thu-huong-ha/" title="Thu-Huong Ha">Thu-Huong Ha</a><br/> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6 article"> <div class="article-subsection"> <a href="/culture/art/" title="Art">Art</a> </div> <div class="article-title"><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/culture/2024/10/18/art/t3-photo-festival/" title="T3 Photo Festival reflects on past and present of the medium">T3 Photo Festival reflects on past and present of the medium</a></div> <div class="article-byline"> By <a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/author/248/john-l-tran/" title="John L. Tran">John L. Tran</a><br/> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6 article"> <div class="article-subsection"> <a href="/culture/art/" title="Art">Art</a> </div> <div class="article-title"><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/culture/2024/10/10/art/taro-nasu-tokyo/" title="In Tokyo, the Taro Nasu gallery focuses on conceptual art">In Tokyo, the Taro Nasu gallery focuses on conceptual art</a></div> <div class="article-byline"> By <a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/author/-13791/vivian-morelli/" title="Vivian Morelli">Vivian Morelli</a><br/> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6 article"> <div class="article-subsection"> <a href="/culture/art/" title="Art">Art</a> </div> <div class="article-title"><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/culture/2024/10/10/art/tokyo-antiques-fair-art/" title="Hold history in your hands at this triennial antiques fair in Tokyo">Hold history in your hands at this triennial antiques fair in Tokyo</a></div> <div class="article-byline"> By <a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/author/6018/zoria-petkoska/" title="Zoria Petkoska">Zoria Petkoska</a><br/> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6 article"> <div class="article-subsection"> <a href="/culture/art/" title="Art">Art</a> </div> <div class="article-title"><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/culture/2024/10/04/art/louise-bourgeois-mori-art-museum/" title="Japan’s biggest Louise Bourgeois exhibit yet leans into ambivalence">Japan’s biggest Louise Bourgeois exhibit yet leans into ambivalence</a></div> <div class="article-byline"> By <a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/author/4754/thu-huong-ha/" title="Thu-Huong Ha">Thu-Huong Ha</a><br/> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6 article"> <div class="article-subsection"> <a href="/culture/art/" title="Art">Art</a> </div> <div class="article-title"><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/culture/2024/09/27/art/northern-alps-art-festival/" title="Weather makes for an unpredictable artist at Nagano art festival">Weather makes for an unpredictable artist at Nagano art festival</a></div> <div class="article-byline"> By <a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/author/4754/thu-huong-ha/" title="Thu-Huong Ha">Thu-Huong Ha</a><br/> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div>  <style> </style> <div class="jt-section-tabs " data-widget_id="3948">  <div class="jt-tab-main-article " data-widget-id="3949"> <div class="widget-title"> <h2><a href='/culture/stage/' title='Stage'>Stage</a></h2> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12 article "> <div class="article-image"> <a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/culture/2024/11/08/stage/hokusai-butoh-sumida/" title="Butoh dances to the sounds of Hokusai’s hometown"><div class="layout-ratio"> <picture> <source media="(min-width: 786px)" data-srcset="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2024/11/08/432787.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.51" type="image/jpg"> <source data-srcset="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2024/11/08/432787.jpg?v=3.1&w=600&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.51" type="image/jpg"> <img src="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2024/11/08/432787.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.51" class="lazy figure-img img-fluid rounded" data-src="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2024/11/08/432787.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.51" style="" alt="Students from Agatsuma’s butoh workshop, also part of Sumi-Yume, will be joining her and professional butoh dancer Tomoshi Shioya for this weekend’s shows. " title="Students from Agatsuma’s butoh workshop, also part of Sumi-Yume, will be joining her and professional butoh dancer Tomoshi Shioya for this weekend’s shows. " onerror="this.src='/theme_japantimes/images/no-image.png';this.removeAttribute('onerror');"> </picture> </div> </a> </div> <div class="article-details"> <div class="article-section"> <a href="/culture/stage/" title="Stage">Stage</a> </div> <div class="article-title"><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/culture/2024/11/08/stage/hokusai-butoh-sumida/" title="Butoh dances to the sounds of Hokusai’s hometown">Butoh dances to the sounds of Hokusai’s hometown</a></div> <div class="article-byline"> By <a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/author/6018/zoria-petkoska/" title="Zoria Petkoska">Zoria Petkoska</a><br/> </div> </div> <div class="article-body"><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/culture/2024/11/08/stage/hokusai-butoh-sumida/" title="Butoh dances to the sounds of Hokusai’s hometown">Performances of the avant-garde dance form are part of a program dedicated to the revered artist and celebrating the local community in Sumida Ward.</a></div> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="jt-section-tab-articles " data-widget-id="3950"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-6 article"> <div class="article-subsection"> <a href="/culture/stage/" title="Stage">Stage</a> <span class="separator">/</span> <a title="Longform" href="/tag/longform?type=column">Longform</a> </div> <div class="article-title"><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/culture/2024/09/29/stage/butoh-dance-wozme-japan/" title="Wozme, an all-women dance troupe, wants to move the needle in butoh">Wozme, an all-women dance troupe, wants to move the needle in butoh</a></div> <div class="article-byline"> By <a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/author/6018/zoria-petkoska/" title="Zoria Petkoska">Zoria Petkoska</a><br/> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6 article"> <div class="article-subsection"> <a href="/culture/stage/" title="Stage">Stage</a> </div> <div class="article-title"><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/culture/2024/09/29/stage/comedy-prison-paraguay/" title="Comedy offers new routine for women prisoners in Paraguay">Comedy offers new routine for women prisoners in Paraguay</a></div> <div class="article-byline"> By <a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/author/6014/hugo-olazarfirst/" title="Hugo Olazarfirst">Hugo Olazarfirst</a><br/> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6 article"> <div class="article-subsection"> <a href="/culture/stage/" title="Stage">Stage</a> </div> <div class="article-title"><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/culture/2024/09/26/stage/opera-la-sonnambula/" title="'La Sonnambula' offers a modern take on a dubious happy ending">'La Sonnambula' offers a modern take on a dubious happy ending</a></div> <div class="article-byline"> By <a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/author/263/kris-kosaka/" title="Kris Kosaka">Kris Kosaka</a><br/> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6 article"> <div class="article-subsection"> <a href="/culture/stage/" title="Stage">Stage</a> </div> <div class="article-title"><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/culture/2024/09/13/stage/tokyo-ballet-bejart-ballet-lausanne/" title="The Tokyo Ballet marks year of rebirth with tributes to history and innovation">The Tokyo Ballet marks year of rebirth with tributes to history and innovation</a></div> <div class="article-byline"> By <a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/author/263/kris-kosaka/" title="Kris Kosaka">Kris Kosaka</a><br/> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6 article"> <div class="article-subsection"> <a href="/culture/stage/" title="Stage">Stage</a> </div> <div class="article-title"><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/culture/2024/09/12/stage/tokyo-international-comedy-festival/" title="Tokyo Comedy Bar supersizes laughs with 11-night festival">Tokyo Comedy Bar supersizes laughs with 11-night festival</a></div> <div class="article-byline"> By <a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/author/6018/zoria-petkoska/" title="Zoria Petkoska">Zoria Petkoska</a><br/> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6 article"> <div class="article-subsection"> <a href="/culture/stage/" title="Stage">Stage</a> </div> <div class="article-title"><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/culture/2024/08/10/stage/suigian-noh-kabuki-dance-arts-nightlife/" title="Suigian is everything Robot Restaurant was not">Suigian is everything Robot Restaurant was not</a></div> <div class="article-byline"> By Owen Ziegler<br/> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div>  <style> </style> <div class="jt-section-tabs " data-widget_id="3951">  <div class="jt-tab-main-article " data-widget-id="3952"> <div class="widget-title"> <h2><a href='/culture/entertainment-news/' title='Entertainment news'>Entertainment news</a></h2> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12 article "> <div class="article-image"> <a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/culture/2024/11/26/entertainment-news/japan-international-emmys/" title="French-Japanese series takes best drama at International Emmys"><div class="layout-ratio"> <picture> <source media="(min-width: 786px)" data-srcset="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2024/11/26/436397.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.51" type="image/jpg"> <source data-srcset="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2024/11/26/436397.jpg?v=3.1&w=600&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.51" type="image/jpg"> <img src="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2024/11/26/436397.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.51" class="lazy figure-img img-fluid rounded" data-src="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2024/11/26/436397.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.51" style="" alt=""Les Gouttes de Dieu" ("Drops of God") took home the award for best drama at the 52nd International Emmy Awards in New York on Monday. Starring Fleur Geffrier (left) and Tomohisa Yamashita, it's available on Hulu Japan, France Televisions and Apple+." title=""Les Gouttes de Dieu" ("Drops of God") took home the award for best drama at the 52nd International Emmy Awards in New York on Monday. Starring Fleur Geffrier (left) and Tomohisa Yamashita, it's available on Hulu Japan, France Televisions and Apple+." onerror="this.src='/theme_japantimes/images/no-image.png';this.removeAttribute('onerror');"> </picture> </div> </a> </div> <div class="article-details"> <div class="article-section"> <a href="/culture/entertainment-news/" title="Entertainment news">Entertainment news</a> </div> <div class="article-title"><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/culture/2024/11/26/entertainment-news/japan-international-emmys/" title="French-Japanese series takes best drama at International Emmys">French-Japanese series takes best drama at International Emmys</a></div> <div class="article-byline"> By <a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/author/4167/kathleen-benoza/" title="Kathleen Benoza">Kathleen Benoza</a><br/> </div> </div> <div class="article-body"><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/culture/2024/11/26/entertainment-news/japan-international-emmys/" title="French-Japanese series takes best drama at International Emmys">The joint French-Japanese-American production “Les Gouttes de Dieu” (“Drops of God”) is set in the world of wine and fine dining.</a></div> </div> </div> </div>  <div class="jt-section-tab-articles " data-widget-id="3953"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-6 article"> <div class="article-subsection"> <a href="/culture/entertainment-news/" title="Entertainment news">Entertainment news</a> </div> <div class="article-title"><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/culture/2024/11/26/entertainment-news/golden-horse-film-awards-taiwan/" title="Chinese films about COVID-19 and gay romance win big at Taiwan awards">Chinese films about COVID-19 and gay romance win big at Taiwan awards</a></div> <div class="article-byline"> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6 article"> <div class="article-subsection"> <a href="/culture/entertainment-news/" title="Entertainment news">Entertainment news</a> </div> <div class="article-title"><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/culture/2024/11/20/entertainment-news/dragon-ball-40-anniversary/" title="Japan's manga powerhouse 'Dragon Ball' turns 40">Japan's manga powerhouse 'Dragon Ball' turns 40</a></div> <div class="article-byline"> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6 article"> <div class="article-subsection"> <a href="/culture/entertainment-news/" title="Entertainment news">Entertainment news</a> </div> <div class="article-title"><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/culture/2024/11/19/entertainment-news/kohaku-lineup-numberi-illit/" title="NHK announces Number_i, Illit and Glay for ‘Kohaku’ lineup">NHK announces Number_i, Illit and Glay for ‘Kohaku’ lineup</a></div> <div class="article-byline"> By <a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/author/226/patrick-st-michel/" title="Patrick St. Michel">Patrick St. Michel</a><br/> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6 article"> <div class="article-subsection"> <a href="/culture/entertainment-news/" title="Entertainment news">Entertainment news</a> </div> <div class="article-title"><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/culture/2024/11/16/entertainment-news/yoko-ono-john-lennon-watch-swiss-court/" title="Yoko Ono is rightful owner of John Lennon's stolen watch, says Swiss court">Yoko Ono is rightful owner of John Lennon's stolen watch, says Swiss court</a></div> <div class="article-byline"> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6 article"> <div class="article-subsection"> <a href="/culture/entertainment-news/" title="Entertainment news">Entertainment news</a> </div> <div class="article-title"><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/culture/2024/11/13/entertainment-news/samantha-harvey-booker-orbital/" title="U.K. writer Samantha Harvey wins 2024 Booker with space novel">U.K. writer Samantha Harvey wins 2024 Booker with space novel</a></div> <div class="article-byline"> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6 article"> <div class="article-subsection"> <a href="/culture/entertainment-news/" title="Entertainment news">Entertainment news</a> </div> <div class="article-title"><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/culture/2024/11/09/entertainment-news/beyonce-taylor-grammy-nominations/" title="Beyonce leads Grammy nods after trailblazing country album">Beyonce leads Grammy nods after trailblazing country album</a></div> <div class="article-byline"> By <a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/author/4784/maggy-donaldson/" title="Maggy Donaldson">Maggy Donaldson</a><br/> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div>  <style> .jt-more-link{text-align: center;margin: 15px auto 40px auto;background-color: #F6F6F6; padding: 10px;} .jt-more-link a{text-transform: uppercase; font-family: 'Neue Medium'; color:#231916; font-size: 21px;line-height: 26px;} .jt-more-link a:hover{color: #C8102E;} </style> <div class="jt-more-link " data-widget-id="3925"> <a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/morearticles/culture/" title="Read more">Read more CULTURE stories</a> </div>  <style> .jt-dynamic-html{font-family: 'Utopia Std', Georgia, "Hiragino Mincho Pro", "Hiragino Mincho", serif;font-size: 20px;line-height: 27px;} .jt-dynamic-html .wufoo-form{margin-top: 20px;margin-left: -5px;} .jt-dynamic-html p{margin-bottom: 20px;} .jt-dynamic-html a{color: #333;text-decoration: underline; text-decoration-color: #c8102e;} .jt-dynamic-html a:hover{text-decoration: none;} .jt-dynamic-html blockquote{font-style: italic;margin: 0px 0px 15px 0px;border-top: 3px solid #c8102e; border-bottom: 3px solid #c8102e;padding: 20px;font-size: 24px;line-height: 32px; } </style> <div class="jt-dynamic-html no-print hidden " data-widget-id="3926"> <div class="paddingDefault"> <div class="main_content"><div id="piano-recommend-index-bottom"></div></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-4 col-xs-12">  <style> .jt-square-ad {border-top:1px solid #DADADA; border-bottom:1px solid #DADADA;padding-top: 15px;padding-bottom: 15px; }.jt-square-ad .tableCenter{min-width:300px;margin:10px auto;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:center;background:#f9f9f9;min-height:250px;} </style> <div class="jt-square-ad DisplayAd " data-widget-id="3917"> <div class="tableCenter paddingDefault"> <div id='div-gpt-ad-1545099231048-0'><script>googletag.cmd.push( function() {googletag.display( 'div-gpt-ad-1545099231048-0' );});</script></div> </div> </div>  <style> .jt-sidebar-tabs{margin-top: 20px;} /*.article-page .jt-sidebar-tabs{margin-top: 15px;}*/ .jt-sidebar-tabs .nav-item{color:#666666;background-color: #eae9e0; cursor: pointer;text-align: center;width:calc(50% - 5px);border-left: 1px solid #eae9e0;} .jt-sidebar-tabs .nav-item.active{color:#000;background-color: #FFF;border-bottom: none;border-right: 1px solid #eae9e0;} .jt-sidebar-tabs .tab-pane{display:none; border: 1px solid #eae9e0;border-top: none;padding: 20px;} .jt-sidebar-tabs .tab-pane.active{display:block;} .jt-sidebar-tabs ul.nav-pills{padding: 0;margin-top: 0px;} .jt-sidebar-tabs .nav-item.active a.nav-link{border-top: 4px solid #eae9e0;border-radius: 0;} .jt-sidebar-tabs .separator{width: 10px;border-bottom: 1px solid #eae9e0;} .jt-sidebar-tabs .nav-link{font-family: 'Pluto Sans Bold', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; text-transform: uppercase; font-size: 12px;line-height: 24px;} </style> <div class="jt-sidebar-tabs no-print " data-widget_id="3927"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12"> <div class=" navContent"> <ul class="nav nav-pills" role="tablist"> <li class="nav-item active" id="button-0"> <a class="nav-link" data-widget_id="m1" title="Latest">What's Trending</a> </li> <li class="separator"> </li> <li class="nav-item " id="button-1"> <a class="nav-link" data-widget_id="m1" title="Latest">Editors' Picks</a> </li> </ul> <div class="tab-content"> <div class="tab-pane active" id="tab-button-0">  <style> .jt-trending .article-image{width: 28%;padding-left: 8px;} .jt-trending .article-image .layout-ratio{padding-bottom: 100%;;} .jt-trending .article-details{width: 72%;padding-right: 8px;} .jt-trending .article-details.no-image-article{width: 100%;padding-right: 0px;} .jt-trending .article{display: flex; align-items: flex-start;padding-bottom: 12px;padding-top: 12px;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(217, 217, 217, 0.5);} .jt-trending .article:last-child{border-bottom: none;padding-bottom: 0px;} .jt-trending .article-title{margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 12px;} .jt-trending .article-title a{font-family: Utopia Std, Georgia, "Hiragino Mincho Pro", "Hiragino Mincho", serif; color:#333333; font-size: 17px;line-height: 21px; display: block;max-height: 63px; overflow: hidden;} @media(max-width768px){ .jt-trending .article-title a{max-height: unset; overflow: unset;} } </style> <div class="jt-trending " data-widget-id="3928"> <div class="article"> <div class="article-details "> <div class="article-title"><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2024/11/26/japan/society/princess-yuriko-funeral/" title="Funeral held for Princess Yuriko at Tokyo cemetery">Funeral held for Princess Yuriko at Tokyo cemetery</a></div> </div> <div class="article-image"> <a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2024/11/26/japan/society/princess-yuriko-funeral/" title="Funeral held for Princess Yuriko at Tokyo cemetery"><div class="layout-ratio"> <picture> <source media="(min-width: 786px)" data-srcset="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2024/11/26/436352.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.51" type="image/jpg"> <source data-srcset="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2024/11/26/436352.jpg?v=3.1&w=600&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.51" type="image/jpg"> <img src="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2024/11/26/436352.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.51" class="lazy figure-img img-fluid rounded" data-src="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2024/11/26/436352.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.51" style="" alt="Crown Prince Akishino and Crown Princess Kiko, followed by Princess Aiko and Princess Kako, prepare to attend a funeral service for Princess Yuriko at Toshimagaoka Cemetery in Tokyo on Tuesday. " title="Crown Prince Akishino and Crown Princess Kiko, followed by Princess Aiko and Princess Kako, prepare to attend a funeral service for Princess Yuriko at Toshimagaoka Cemetery in Tokyo on Tuesday. " onerror="this.src='/theme_japantimes/images/no-image.png';this.removeAttribute('onerror');"> </picture> </div> </a> </div> </div> <div class="article"> <div class="article-details "> <div class="article-title"><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/business/2024/11/27/companies/jftc-amazon-japan/" title="Japan investigating Amazon for allegedly bullying other businesses">Japan investigating Amazon for allegedly bullying other businesses</a></div> </div> <div class="article-image"> <a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/business/2024/11/27/companies/jftc-amazon-japan/" title="Japan investigating Amazon for allegedly bullying other businesses"><div class="layout-ratio"> <picture> <source media="(min-width: 786px)" data-srcset="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2024/11/27/436814.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.51" type="image/jpg"> <source data-srcset="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2024/11/27/436814.jpg?v=3.1&w=600&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.51" type="image/jpg"> <img src="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2024/11/27/436814.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.51" class="lazy figure-img img-fluid rounded" data-src="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2024/11/27/436814.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.51" style="" alt="Packages move along a conveyor belt at an Amazon warehouse" title="Packages move along a conveyor belt at an Amazon warehouse" onerror="this.src='/theme_japantimes/images/no-image.png';this.removeAttribute('onerror');"> </picture> </div> </a> </div> </div> <div class="article"> <div class="article-details "> <div class="article-title"><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2024/11/27/asia-pacific/politics/us-north-korea-trump-kim-talks/" title="Trump team weighs direct talks with North Korea's Kim">Trump team weighs direct talks with North Korea's Kim</a></div> </div> <div class="article-image"> <a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2024/11/27/asia-pacific/politics/us-north-korea-trump-kim-talks/" title="Trump team weighs direct talks with North Korea's Kim"><div class="layout-ratio"> <picture> <source media="(min-width: 786px)" data-srcset="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2024/11/27/436484.JPG?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.51" type="image/jpg"> <source data-srcset="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2024/11/27/436484.JPG?v=3.1&w=600&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.51" type="image/jpg"> <img src="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2024/11/27/436484.JPG?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.51" class="lazy figure-img img-fluid rounded" data-src="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2024/11/27/436484.JPG?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.51" style="" alt="Then-U.S. President Donald Trump meets with North Korean leader Kim Jong Un at the Demilitarized Zone separating the two Koreas, in Panmunjom, South Korea, in June 2019." title="Then-U.S. President Donald Trump meets with North Korean leader Kim Jong Un at the Demilitarized Zone separating the two Koreas, in Panmunjom, South Korea, in June 2019." onerror="this.src='/theme_japantimes/images/no-image.png';this.removeAttribute('onerror');"> </picture> </div> </a> </div> </div> <div class="article"> <div class="article-details "> <div class="article-title"><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/business/2024/11/25/companies/bluesky-social-japan/" title="Bluesky is booming in Japan — mainly for reasons other than U.S. politics">Bluesky is booming in Japan — mainly for reasons other than U.S. politics</a></div> </div> <div class="article-image"> <a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/business/2024/11/25/companies/bluesky-social-japan/" title="Bluesky is booming in Japan — mainly for reasons other than U.S. politics"><div class="layout-ratio"> <picture> <source media="(min-width: 786px)" data-srcset="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2024/11/25/436245.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.51" type="image/jpg"> <source data-srcset="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2024/11/25/436245.jpg?v=3.1&w=600&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.51" type="image/jpg"> <img src="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2024/11/25/436245.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.51" class="lazy figure-img img-fluid rounded" data-src="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2024/11/25/436245.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.51" style="object-position:48% 66.917293233082%;" alt="According to Similarweb, average monthly user numbers for Bluesky on Android in Japan quintupled in the 12 months to October." title="According to Similarweb, average monthly user numbers for Bluesky on Android in Japan quintupled in the 12 months to October." onerror="this.src='/theme_japantimes/images/no-image.png';this.removeAttribute('onerror');"> </picture> </div> </a> </div> </div> <div class="article"> <div class="article-details "> <div class="article-title"><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2024/11/27/world/politics/israel-hezbollah-ceasefire-agreement/" title="Israel-Hezbollah cease-fire, brokered by U.S. and France, takes effect">Israel-Hezbollah cease-fire, brokered by U.S. and France, takes effect</a></div> </div> <div class="article-image"> <a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2024/11/27/world/politics/israel-hezbollah-ceasefire-agreement/" title="Israel-Hezbollah cease-fire, brokered by U.S. and France, takes effect"><div class="layout-ratio"> <picture> <source media="(min-width: 786px)" data-srcset="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2024/11/27/436453.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.51" type="image/jpg"> <source data-srcset="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2024/11/27/436453.jpg?v=3.1&w=600&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.51" type="image/jpg"> <img src="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2024/11/27/436453.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.51" class="lazy figure-img img-fluid rounded" data-src="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2024/11/27/436453.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.51" style="object-position:50.5% 21.804511278195%;" alt="People near Martyrs Square in Beirut watch as Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu announces a cease-fire on television on Tuesday." title="People near Martyrs Square in Beirut watch as Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu announces a cease-fire on television on Tuesday." onerror="this.src='/theme_japantimes/images/no-image.png';this.removeAttribute('onerror');"> </picture> </div> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="tab-pane " id="tab-button-1">  <style> .jt-tab-editor-pick .article-image{width: 28%;padding-left: 8px;} .jt-tab-editor-pick .article-image .layout-ratio{padding-bottom: 100%;;} .jt-tab-editor-pick .article-details{width: 72%;padding-right: 8px;} .jt-tab-editor-pick .article-details.no-image-article{width: 100%;padding-right: 0px;} .jt-tab-editor-pick .article{display: flex; align-items: flex-start;padding-bottom: 12px;padding-top: 12px;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(217, 217, 217, 0.5);} .jt-tab-editor-pick .article:last-child{border-bottom: none;padding-bottom: 0px;} .jt-tab-editor-pick .article-title{margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 12px;} .jt-tab-editor-pick .article-title a{font-family: Utopia Std, Georgia, "Hiragino Mincho Pro", "Hiragino Mincho", serif; color:#333333; font-size: 17px;line-height: 21px; display: block;max-height: 63px; overflow: hidden;} @media(max-width: 768px){ .jt-tab-editor-pick .article-title a{max-width: unset; overflow: unset;} } </style> <div class="jt-tab-editor-pick " data-widget-id="3929"> <div class="article"> <div class="article-details "> <div class="article-title"><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/business/2024/11/25/companies/bluesky-social-japan/" title="Bluesky is booming in Japan — mainly for reasons other than U.S. politics">Bluesky is booming in Japan — mainly for reasons other than U.S. politics</a></div> </div> <div class="article-image"> <a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/business/2024/11/25/companies/bluesky-social-japan/" title="Bluesky is booming in Japan — mainly for reasons other than U.S. politics"><div class="layout-ratio"> <picture> <source media="(min-width: 786px)" data-srcset="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2024/11/25/436245.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.51" type="image/jpg"> <source data-srcset="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2024/11/25/436245.jpg?v=3.1&w=600&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.51" type="image/jpg"> <img src="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2024/11/25/436245.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.51" class="lazy figure-img img-fluid rounded" data-src="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2024/11/25/436245.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.51" style="object-position:48% 66.917293233082%;" alt="According to Similarweb, average monthly user numbers for Bluesky on Android in Japan quintupled in the 12 months to October." title="According to Similarweb, average monthly user numbers for Bluesky on Android in Japan quintupled in the 12 months to October." onerror="this.src='/theme_japantimes/images/no-image.png';this.removeAttribute('onerror');"> </picture> </div> </a> </div> </div> <div class="article"> <div class="article-details "> <div class="article-title"><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2024/11/27/asia-pacific/politics/china-defense-minister-corruption-dong-jun/" title="China defense minister being investigated for corruption, report says">China defense minister being investigated for corruption, report says</a></div> </div> <div class="article-image"> <a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2024/11/27/asia-pacific/politics/china-defense-minister-corruption-dong-jun/" title="China defense minister being investigated for corruption, report says"><div class="layout-ratio"> <picture> <source media="(min-width: 786px)" data-srcset="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2024/11/27/436546.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.51" type="image/jpg"> <source data-srcset="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2024/11/27/436546.jpg?v=3.1&w=600&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.51" type="image/jpg"> <img src="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2024/11/27/436546.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.51" class="lazy figure-img img-fluid rounded" data-src="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2024/11/27/436546.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.51" style="" alt="Chinese Defense Minister Dong Jun attends the opening ceremony of the Xiangshan Forum at the Beijing International Convention Center on Sept. 13. Dong is the third consecutive incumbent or former defense chief to be probed over alleged corruption." title="Chinese Defense Minister Dong Jun attends the opening ceremony of the Xiangshan Forum at the Beijing International Convention Center on Sept. 13. Dong is the third consecutive incumbent or former defense chief to be probed over alleged corruption." onerror="this.src='/theme_japantimes/images/no-image.png';this.removeAttribute('onerror');"> </picture> </div> </a> </div> </div> <div class="article"> <div class="article-details "> <div class="article-title"><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/environment/2024/11/24/energy/fossil-fuel-subsidies-quit/" title="How Japan can exit the fossil fuel subsidies it can’t seem to quit">How Japan can exit the fossil fuel subsidies it can’t seem to quit</a></div> </div> <div class="article-image"> <a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/environment/2024/11/24/energy/fossil-fuel-subsidies-quit/" title="How Japan can exit the fossil fuel subsidies it can’t seem to quit"><div class="layout-ratio"> <picture> <source media="(min-width: 786px)" data-srcset="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2024/11/24/435734.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.51" type="image/jpg"> <source data-srcset="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2024/11/24/435734.jpg?v=3.1&w=600&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.51" type="image/jpg"> <img src="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2024/11/24/435734.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.51" class="lazy figure-img img-fluid rounded" data-src="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2024/11/24/435734.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.51" style="" alt="A man walks past a gasoline station in Tokyo on Thursday." title="A man walks past a gasoline station in Tokyo on Thursday." onerror="this.src='/theme_japantimes/images/no-image.png';this.removeAttribute('onerror');"> </picture> </div> </a> </div> </div> <div class="article"> <div class="article-details "> <div class="article-title"><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2024/11/25/japan/society/digital-legacies-issues/" title="Are you leaving your loved ones digital legacies or headaches?">Are you leaving your loved ones digital legacies or headaches?</a></div> </div> <div class="article-image"> <a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2024/11/25/japan/society/digital-legacies-issues/" title="Are you leaving your loved ones digital legacies or headaches?"><div class="layout-ratio"> <picture> <source media="(min-width: 786px)" data-srcset="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2024/11/25/435629.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.51" type="image/jpg"> <source data-srcset="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2024/11/25/435629.jpg?v=3.1&w=600&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.51" type="image/jpg"> <img src="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2024/11/25/435629.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.51" class="lazy figure-img img-fluid rounded" data-src="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2024/11/25/435629.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.51" style="object-position:65% 33.834586466166%;" alt="The National Consumer Affairs Center reports a growing number of consultations regarding "digital legacies" — data and online services left behind when people die." title="The National Consumer Affairs Center reports a growing number of consultations regarding "digital legacies" — data and online services left behind when people die." onerror="this.src='/theme_japantimes/images/no-image.png';this.removeAttribute('onerror');"> </picture> </div> </a> </div> </div> <div class="article"> <div class="article-details "> <div class="article-title"><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/sports/2024/11/24/more-sports/rayssa-leal-chloe-covell-skateboarding-teens/" title="Rayssa Leal and Chloe Covell on Japan’s teen skaters: We are friends, not rivals">Rayssa Leal and Chloe Covell on Japan’s teen skaters: We are friends, not rivals</a></div> </div> <div class="article-image"> <a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/sports/2024/11/24/more-sports/rayssa-leal-chloe-covell-skateboarding-teens/" title="Rayssa Leal and Chloe Covell on Japan’s teen skaters: We are friends, not rivals"><div class="layout-ratio"> <picture> <source media="(min-width: 786px)" data-srcset="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2024/11/24/435925.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.51" type="image/jpg"> <source data-srcset="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2024/11/24/435925.jpg?v=3.1&w=600&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.51" type="image/jpg"> <img src="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2024/11/24/435925.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.51" class="lazy figure-img img-fluid rounded" data-src="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2024/11/24/435925.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.51" style="" alt="Brazil’s Rayssa Leal celebrates after winning the women's Street League Skateboarding competition on Saturday in Tokyo." title="Brazil’s Rayssa Leal celebrates after winning the women's Street League Skateboarding competition on Saturday in Tokyo." onerror="this.src='/theme_japantimes/images/no-image.png';this.removeAttribute('onerror');"> </picture> </div> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> $(function(){ $('.nav-item').on('click', function(event){ event.preventDefault(); if (! $(this).hasClass('active')) { $('.nav-item').removeClass('active'); $('.tab-pane').removeClass('active'); $(this).addClass('active'); var id = $(this).attr('id'); $('#tab-'+ id).addClass('active'); } }); }); </script>  <style> .jt-sidebar-articles{margin-top: 30px;margin-bottom: 15px;} .jt-sidebar-articles .widget-title{border-bottom: 1px solid #231916;padding-bottom: 15px;margin-bottom: 12px;} .jt-sidebar-articles .widget-title h2{margin-bottom: 0px;margin-top: 0px;font-family: 'Pluto Sans Bold', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; color:#231916; font-size: 18px;line-height: 22px; text-transform: uppercase;} .jt-sidebar-articles .article-image{width: 28%;padding-right: 8px;} .jt-sidebar-articles .article-image .layout-ratio{padding-bottom: 100%;;} .jt-sidebar-articles .article-details{width: 72%;padding-left: 8px;} .jt-sidebar-articles .article-details.no-image-article{width: 100%;padding-left: 0px;} .jt-sidebar-articles .article{display: flex; align-items: flex-start;padding-bottom: 12px;padding-top: 12px;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(217, 217, 217, 0.5);} .jt-sidebar-articles .article-title a{font-family: 'Utopia Std Semi Bold', Georgia, serif;color:#333; font-size: 20px;line-height: 19px; display: block;max-height: 38px; overflow: hidden;} .jt-sidebar-articles .article-info{display: flex;margin-top: 10px;align-items: center;} .jt-sidebar-articles .article-section a{font-family: 'Pluto Sans Bold', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; color:#c8102e; font-size: 11px;line-height: 24px; text-transform: uppercase;border-right: 1px solid rgba(217, 217, 217, 0.76);padding-right: 10px; margin-right: 10px;} .jt-sidebar-articles .last-modified{font-family: 'Pluto Sans Regular', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif!important; color:#898989; font-size: 11px;line-height: 14px;text-transform: uppercase;} @media(max-width: 768px){ .jt-sidebar-articles .widget-title{margin-bottom: 5px;} .jt-sidebar-articles .article-title a{max-height: unset;overflow: unset; line-height: 21px} } @media screen and (min-width: 1200px){ .jt-sidebar-articles .article-title a{ font-size:18px; max-height: 57px; } } </style> <div class="jt-sidebar-articles no-print " data-widget-id="3918"> <div class="widget-title"> <h2>Podcast</h2> </div> <div class="article"> <div class="article-image"> <a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/podcast/2024/07/22/deep-dive/kabukicho-tokyo/" title="Kabukicho: Tokyo’s ‘stadium of desire’"><div class="layout-ratio"> <picture> <source media="(min-width: 786px)" data-srcset="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2024/07/22/410707.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.51" type="image/jpg"> <source data-srcset="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2024/07/22/410707.jpg?v=3.1&w=600&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.51" type="image/jpg"> <img src="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2024/07/22/410707.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.51" class="lazy figure-img img-fluid rounded" data-src="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2024/07/22/410707.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.51" style="" alt="One of the many entrances to the Kabukicho neighborhood in Tokyo’s Shinjuku Ward." title="One of the many entrances to the Kabukicho neighborhood in Tokyo’s Shinjuku Ward." onerror="this.src='/theme_japantimes/images/no-image.png';this.removeAttribute('onerror');"> </picture> </div> </a> </div> <div class="article-details "> <div class="article-title"><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/podcast/2024/07/22/deep-dive/kabukicho-tokyo/" title="Kabukicho: Tokyo’s ‘stadium of desire’">Kabukicho: Tokyo’s ‘stadium of desire’</a></div> </div> </div> </div>  <style> .jt-column-article{margin-top: 30px;margin-bottom: 15px;} .jt-column-article .widget-title{border-bottom: 1px solid #231916;padding-bottom: 15px;margin-bottom: 12px;} .jt-column-article .widget-title h2{margin-bottom: 0px;margin-top: 0px;font-family: 'Pluto Sans Bold', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; color:#231916; font-size: 18px;line-height: 22px; text-transform: uppercase;} .jt-column-article .article-image{width: 28%;padding-right: 8px;} .jt-column-article .article-image .layout-ratio{padding-bottom: 100%;;} .jt-column-article .article-details{width: 72%;padding-left: 8px;} .jt-column-article .article-details.no-image-article{width: 100%;padding-left: 0px;} .jt-column-article .article{display: flex; align-items: flex-start;padding-bottom: 12px;padding-top: 12px;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(217, 217, 217, 0.5);} .jt-column-article .article-title a{font-family: 'Utopia Std Semi Bold', Georgia, serif;color:#333; font-size: 20px;line-height: 19px; display: block;max-height: 38px; overflow: hidden;} .jt-column-article .article-byline{font-family: 'Pluto Sans Regular', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif!important;color:#898989;font-size: 11px;line-height: 21px; text-transform: uppercase;} .jt-column-article .article-byline a{color:#898989;} @media(max-width: 768px){ .jt-column-article .widget-title{margin-bottom: 5px;} .jt-column-article .article-title a{max-height: unset;overflow: unset;line-height: 21px;} } @media screen and (min-width: 1200px){ .jt-column-article .article-title a{ font-size:18px; max-height: 57px; } } </style> <div class="jt-column-article no-print " data-widget-id="3919"> <div class="widget-title"> <h2>Longform</h2> </div> <div class="article"> <div class="article-image"> <a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/life/2024/11/25/lifestyle/sauna-culture-japan/" title="Japan’s sauna movement: Relax, refresh, repeat"><div class="layout-ratio"> <picture> <source media="(min-width: 786px)" data-srcset="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2024/11/25/435137.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.51" type="image/jpg"> <source data-srcset="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2024/11/25/435137.jpg?v=3.1&w=600&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.51" type="image/jpg"> <img src="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2024/11/25/435137.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.51" class="lazy figure-img img-fluid rounded" data-src="https://cdn4.premiumread.com/?url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/japantimes/uploads/images/2024/11/25/435137.jpg?v=3.1&w=400&q=100&f=jpg&t=1.51" style="" alt="Totopa in Tokyo’s Shinjuku Ward was picked by consultants TTNE as the best sauna of the year. " title="Totopa in Tokyo’s Shinjuku Ward was picked by consultants TTNE as the best sauna of the year. " onerror="this.src='/theme_japantimes/images/no-image.png';this.removeAttribute('onerror');"> </picture> </div> </a> </div> <div class="article-details "> <div class="article-title"><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/life/2024/11/25/lifestyle/sauna-culture-japan/" title="Japan’s sauna movement: Relax, refresh, repeat">Japan’s sauna movement: Relax, refresh, repeat</a></div> <div class="article-byline"> By <a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/author/6191/greg-dvorak/" title="Greg Dvorak">Greg Dvorak</a><br/> </div> </div> </div> </div>  <style> .jt-vertical-ad {border-top:1px solid #DADADA; border-bottom:1px solid #DADADA;padding-top: 25px;padding-bottom: 25px; } .jt-vertical-ad .tableCenter{min-width:300px;margin:10px auto;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:center;background:#f9f9f9;min-height:250px;} </style> <div class="jt-vertical-ad DisplayAd " data-widget-id="3920"> <div class="tableCenter paddingDefault"> <div id='div-gpt-ad-1545099535665-0'><script>googletag.cmd.push(function(){googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-1545099535665-0');});</script></div> </div> </div>  <style> .jt-sustainable {border: 1px solid #eae9e0; background-color: #FFF;margin-bottom: 20px;margin-top: 20px;} .jt-sustainable h2{margin-bottom: 0px;margin-top: 0px;color:#666;font-family: 'Pluto Sans Regular', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif!important;font-size: 12px;line-height: 12px;font-weight: 700;} .jt-sustainable .top-element{background-color: #eae9e0;text-align: center;padding-bottom: 10px;padding-top: 10px; } .jt-sustainable .article-image{width: 28%;padding-left: 8px;} .jt-sustainable .article-image .layout-ratio{padding-bottom: 100%;;} .jt-sustainable .article-details{width: 72%;padding-right: 8px;} .jt-sustainable .article{padding: 15px;display: flex; align-items: center;padding-bottom: 12px;padding-top: 12px;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(217, 217, 217, 0.5);} .jt-sustainable .article-title{margin-top: 7px;margin-bottom: 12px;} .jt-sustainable .article-title a{font-family: 'Utopia Std', Georgia, "Hiragino Mincho Pro", "Hiragino Mincho", serif; color:#333; font-size: 14px;line-height: 18px; display: block;max-height: 36px; overflow: hidden;} </style> <div class="jt-sustainable " data-widget-id="3921"> <div class="top-element"> <h2>SUSTAINABLE JAPAN </h2> </div> <div class="article"> <div class="article-details"> <div class="article-title"><a href="https://sustainable.japantimes.com/magazine/vol39/39-06?utm_source=jto&utm_medium=sidebanner&utm_campaign=jto_sidebanner&f=3" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" title="mission sustainability vol.12 : Kose Corp.Kose takes pride in creating beauty in the world">mission sustainability vol.12 : Kose Corp.Kose takes pride in creating beauty in the world</a></div> </div> <div class="article-image"> <a href="https://sustainable.japantimes.com/magazine/vol39/39-06?utm_source=jto&utm_medium=sidebanner&utm_campaign=jto_sidebanner&f=3" title="mission sustainability vol.12 : Kose Corp.Kose takes pride in creating beauty in the world" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"> <div class="layout-ratio"> <img src="https://wp.japantimes.co.jp/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/img_magazine_39_06_01-200x200.jpg" alt="mission sustainability vol.12 : Kose Corp.Kose takes pride in creating beauty in the world" /> </div> </a> </div> </div> </div>  <style> .jt-supplements-vertical-ad {border: 1px solid #eae9e0; background-color: #FFF;margin-bottom: 20px;margin-top: 20px;} .jt-supplements-vertical-ad .sidebar_ad_inner{border-top: 1px solid #ddd;margin-top: 30px;} .jt-supplements-vertical-ad .sidebar_ad_item{width:100%;float:none;border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd;} .jt-supplements-vertical-ad .sidebar_ad_item:last-of-type{border-bottom: none;} .jt-supplements-vertical-ad .sidebar_ad_item div{width:100% !important; height:auto !important;} .jt-supplements-vertical-ad .more-btn{border: 1px solid #ddd;text-align: center;padding: 4px;} .jt-supplements-vertical-ad .more-btn a{color: #333;display: block;padding: 1px 10px;transition: opacity .4s;font-family: 'Roboto';font-size: 12px;line-height: 15px;font-weight: 700;} .jt-supplements-vertical-ad h2{position: relative;margin-bottom: 0px;margin-top: 0px;color:#666;font-family: 'Roboto';font-size: 13px;line-height: 15px;font-weight: 700;} .jt-supplements-vertical-ad h2 a{position: absolute;top: -1;margin-left: 10px;} .jt-supplements-vertical-ad .note_block{font-size: 13px;line-height: 18px;color:#333;font-family: Pluto,"Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;border: 1px solid #707070;border-radius: 2px;padding: 10px;max-width: 185px;position: absolute;z-index: 9999;right: 20px;top:50px;text-align: left;background: #fff;} .jt-supplements-vertical-ad .note_block a{color:#898989;text-decoration: underline;} .jt-supplements-vertical-ad .note_block:before {content: " ";position: absolute;top: -16px;left: 50%;border: 8px solid transparent;border-bottom: 8px solid #FFF;z-index: 2;-webkit-transform: translateX(-50%);transform: translateX(-50%);} .jt-supplements-vertical-ad .note_block:after {content: " ";position: absolute;top: -19px;left: 50%;border: 9px solid transparent;border-bottom: 9px solid #707070;z-index: 1;-webkit-transform: translateX(-50%);transform: translateX(-50%);} .jt-supplements-vertical-ad .top-element{position: relative;background-color: #eae9e0;text-align: center;padding-bottom: 10px;padding-top: 10px; } .jt-supplements-vertical-ad .content-element-main{padding: 15px 15px 0px 15px;text-align: center;} .jt-supplements-vertical-ad .content-element-sub{padding: 0px 15px 15px 15px;text-align: center;} .jt-supplements-vertical-ad .supplements-binder{text-align: center;border-top:1px solid #eae9e0;padding: 15px;} .jt-supplements-vertical-ad .supplements-binder img{max-width: 100%;} .jt-supplements-vertical-ad .supplements-binder h2{margin-bottom: 10px;} .jt-supplements-vertical-ad .supplements-binder .banner_list{margin: 0 auto; max-width: 270px;} .jt-supplements-vertical-ad .supplements-binder .banner_list_item:not(:last-child){margin-bottom: 10px;} .jt-supplements-vertical-ad .supplements-binder .banner_list_item:last-child{background: url('/theme_japantimes/images/bg-international.jpg');padding-bottom: 10px;} .jt-supplements-vertical-ad .supplements-binder ul li{list-style: none;border-bottom: 1px solid #999;padding-bottom: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;} .jt-supplements-vertical-ad .supplements-binder ul li:last-child{border-bottom: none;} .jt-supplements-vertical-ad .supplements-binder li a{color: #333;font-size: 14px;line-height: 24px;} .jt-supplements-vertical-ad .supplements-binder .banner_list_item_inner{text-align: left;background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8);padding: 20px 25px 0px 25px;margin: 0px;} .jt-supplements-vertical-ad .supplements-binder .international-reports-img{padding: 15px 12px 9px} .jt-supplements-vertical-ad .supplements-binder i.icon-arrow_forward_ios{font-size: 10px;margin-right: 6px;color:#898989} @media (min-width:991px) and (max-width:1200px){ .jt-supplements-vertical-ad .content-element-main{padding: 15px 0px 0px 0px;} } </style> <div class="jt-supplements-vertical-ad no-print " data-widget-id="3922"> <div class="top-element"> <h2> SPECIAL SUPPLEMENTS <a href="javascript:;" class="js_note" title="Note"><img src="/theme_japantimes/images/icon_note.png" alt="note" /></a> </h2> <div class="note_block hidden"> <div class="note_block_inner"> <p class="note_txt">Sponsored contents planned and edited by JT Media Enterprise Division.</p> <p class="note_txt_jp"> <a href="https://info.japantimes.co.jp/solutions/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">広告出稿に関するおといあわせはこちらまで</a> </p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="content-element-main"> <div class="bl_sideDiv bl_sideDiv__supplements"> <div class="single_block">  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1545378846364-0'><script> googletag.cmd.push(function () { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-1545378846364-0'); });</script></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="content-element-sub"> <div class="sidebar_ad_inner"> <div class="sidebar_ad_item"> <a href="#">  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1545377720996-0' style='height:1px; width:1px;'><script>googletag.cmd.push(function () { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-1545377720996-0'); });</script></div> </a> </div> <div class="sidebar_ad_item"> <a href="#">  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1545377819100-0' style='height:1px; width:1px;'><script>googletag.cmd.push(function () { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-1545377819100-0');});</script></div> </a> </div> <div class="sidebar_ad_item"> <a href="#">  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1545377905854-0' style='height:1px; width:1px;'><script>googletag.cmd.push(function () { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-1545377905854-0');});</script></div> </a> </div> <div class="sidebar_ad_item"> <a href="#">  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1545378016685-0' style='height:1px; width:1px;'><script>googletag.cmd.push(function () { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-1545378016685-0');});</script></div> </a> </div> <div class="sidebar_ad_item"> <a href="#">  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1545378526968-0' style='height:1px; width:1px;'><script>googletag.cmd.push(function () { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-1545378526968-0');});</script></div> </a> </div> <div class="sidebar_ad_item"> <a href="#">  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1545378615238-0' style='height:1px; width:1px;'><script>googletag.cmd.push(function () { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-1545378615238-0');});</script></div> </a> </div> <div class="sidebar_ad_item"> <a href="#">  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1545378710149-0' style='height:1px; width:1px;'><script>googletag.cmd.push(function () { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-1545378710149-0');});</script></div> </a> </div> <div class="sidebar_ad_item"> <a href="#">  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1545378782983-0' style='height:1px; width:1px;'><script>googletag.cmd.push(function () { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-1545378782983-0');});</script></div> </a> </div> <p class="more-btn"> <a href="https://info.japantimes.co.jp/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"><span>Read more</span></a> </p> </div> </div> <div class="supplements-binder"> <h2>SUPPLEMENTS BINDER</h2>  <div class="banner_list"> <div class="banner_list_item">  <div class="ad single_block"> <div id='div-gpt-ad-1545377501993-0' style='height:40px; width:270px;'> <script>googletag.cmd.push(function () {googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-1545377501993-0');});</script> </div> </div> </div> <div class="banner_list_item">  <div class="ad single_block"> <div id='div-gpt-ad-1545377579422-0' style='height:40px; width:270px;'> <script>googletag.cmd.push(function () { googletag.display('div-gpt-ad-1545377579422-0');});</script> </div> </div> </div> <div class="banner_list_item"> <img src="/theme_japantimes/images/international-reports.png" class="international-reports-img" alt="international-reports"> <ul class="banner_list_item_inner"> <li> <i class="icon-arrow_forward_ios"></i> <a href="https://info.japantimes.co.jp/international-reports/sms/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Bridges by SMS</a> </li> <li> <i class="icon-arrow_forward_ios"></i> <a href="https://info.japantimes.co.jp/international-reports/global_insight/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">Global Insight</a> </li> <li> <i class="icon-arrow_forward_ios"></i> <a href="https://info.japantimes.co.jp/international-reports/gmi/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">GMI Post</a> </li> <li> <i class="icon-arrow_forward_ios"></i> <a href="https://info.japantimes.co.jp/international-reports/wer/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">World Eye Reports</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> $('.js_note').on('click', function(){ $('.note_block').toggleClass('hidden'); }); </script>  <style> .jt-sidebar-covid{margin-top: 20px;margin-bottom: 12px;} .jt-sidebar-covid .widget-title{border-bottom: 1px solid #C8102E;padding-bottom: 15px;margin-bottom: 7px;} .jt-sidebar-covid .widget-title h2{margin-bottom: 0px;margin-top: 0px;font-family: 'Pluto Sans Bold', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; color:#C8102E; font-size: 18px;line-height: 22px; text-transform: uppercase;} .jt-sidebar-covid .article{padding-top: 18px;padding-bottom: 18px; border-top: 1px solid rgba(217, 217, 217, 0.5);} .jt-sidebar-covid .article.first-article{border-top: none;} .jt-sidebar-covid .article-title a{font-family: 'Utopia Std Semi Bold', Georgia, serif; color:#333; font-size: 16px;line-height: 19px;} .jt-sidebar-covid .article-title a::before {content: "";width: 6px;height: 6px; border-radius: 50%; margin-right: 8px;display: inline-block; background-color: #C8102E;} .jt-sidebar-covid .publish-date{font-family: 'Pluto Sans Regular', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif!important; color:#898989; font-size: 11px;line-height: 14px;text-transform: uppercase;} @media screen and (max-width: 768px){ .jt-sidebar-covid .article-title a{font-size:20px;} } </style> <div class="jt-sidebar-covid no-print " data-widget-id="3923"> <div class="widget-title"> <h2>Latest News</h2> </div> <div class="article first-article"> <div class="article-title"><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2024/11/28/japan/crime-legal/tokyo-swindlers-case/" title="Real-life ‘Tokyo Swindlers’ ordered to pay ¥1 billion in damages">Real-life ‘Tokyo Swindlers’ ordered to pay ¥1 billion in damages</a></div> <div class="publish-date">47 mins ago</div> </div> <div class="article "> <div class="article-title"><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/business/2024/11/28/companies/toyota-nissan-sales/" title="Toyota’s sales and output plateau on downturn in Japan and China">Toyota’s sales and output plateau on downturn in Japan and China</a></div> <div class="publish-date">51 mins ago</div> </div> <div class="article "> <div class="article-title"><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2024/11/28/world/politics/trump-agenda-us-legal-system/" title="Trump agenda set to collide with slow pace of U.S. legal system">Trump agenda set to collide with slow pace of U.S. legal system</a></div> <div class="publish-date">1 hour ago</div> </div> <div class="article "> <div class="article-title"><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2024/11/28/japan/politics/kuniko-inoguchi-fire/" title="Two dead after fire at Upper House lawmaker Kuniko Inoguchi’s apartment">Two dead after fire at Upper House lawmaker Kuniko Inoguchi’s apartment</a></div> <div class="publish-date">1 hour ago</div> </div> <div class="article "> <div class="article-title"><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2024/11/28/japan/politics/extraordinary-diet-start/" title="Japan's parliament opens extraordinary session">Japan's parliament opens extraordinary session</a></div> <div class="publish-date">2 hours ago</div> </div> </div>  <div class="jt-vertical-ad DisplayAd " data-widget-id="3924"> <div class="tableCenter paddingDefault"> <div id='div-gpt-ad-1545100828948-0'><script>googletag.cmd.push( function() {googletag.display( 'div-gpt-ad-1545100828948-0' );});</script></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </main> <style> .footer-ad{margin-bottom: 20px;margin-top: 20px;} .footer-ad .tableCenter{min-width:728px;min-height: 90px;display: flex;justify-content: center;align-items: center;margin: 20px auto;} footer{background-color: #333333; font-family: 'Roboto'; color: #FFF;} footer .footer-details{padding-bottom: 25px; padding-top: 40px;} footer .footer-details .left-col ul{width: 19%; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; margin: 0px; padding-right: 15px;padding-left: 0px;} footer .footer-details .left-col li{list-style: none;margin-bottom: 10px;} footer .footer-details .left-col li a{transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out;font-size: 12px;line-height: 14px;color: #FFFFFF;font-weight: 400;} footer .footer-details .left-col li a:hover{opacity: 0.4;} footer .footer-details .left-col li.main-title{font-size: 13px;line-height: 15px;color: #FFFFFF;font-weight: 700;text-transform: uppercase} footer .footer-details .right-col .subscribe-btn{transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out;background-color: #C8102E; color:#FFF;width: 100%;font-family: 'Pluto Sans Bold', 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px;line-height: 17.3px; display: flex;justify-content: center;align-items: center;height: 50px;margin-bottom: 22px;} footer .footer-details .right-col .subscribe-btn:hover{opacity: 0.5;} footer .footer-details .right-col .row-data{margin-bottom: 15px;} footer .footer-details .right-col .row-data > div{width: 49%; display: inline-block;vertical-align: top;font-size: 12px;line-height: 14px;font-weight: 400;} footer .footer-details .right-col .row-data div.info{padding-right: 20px;} footer .footer-details .right-col .row-data > div.info.w-53{width: 50.5%;} footer .footer-details .right-col .row-data > div.signup{width: 47.5%;} footer .footer-details .right-col h5{margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 10px;font-size: 16px;line-height: 19px;font-weight: 700;} footer .footer-details .right-col .social-icons{text-align: right;padding-left: 20px;} footer .footer-details .right-col .social-icons a{transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out;color:#FFF;margin-left: 18px;} footer .footer-details .right-col .social-icons a:hover{color:#999999;} footer .footer-details .right-col .social-icons a:first-child{margin-left: 0px;} footer .footer-details .right-col .social-icons i{font-size: 24px;} footer .footer-details .right-col .social-icons i.icon-twitter-with-circle{font-size: 26px;} footer .footer-details .right-col .social-icons img.fb:hover{opacity: 0.5;} footer .footer-details .right-col .signup{padding-left: 22px; text-align: right;} footer .footer-details .right-col .signup a{transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out;border: 1px solid #FFF; color:#FFF;font-family: 'Pluto Sans Regular';font-size: 10px;line-height: 12.36px;display: flex;height: 35px;justify-content: center;align-items: center;} footer .footer-details .right-col .signup a:hover{opacity: 0.5;} footer .footer-details .right-col .signup img{margin-right: 10px;} footer .footer-copyrights{border-top: 1px solid #666666; padding: 12px 0px 17px 0px;} footer .footer-copyrights img{width: 25%;} footer .footer-copyrights .text{display: flex; justify-content: flex-end; align-items: center;font-size: 10px;line-height: 12px;color: #FFFFFF;font-weight: 400;} footer .mobile-view{display:none;} .back_to_top {position: fixed;bottom: 25px;right: 40px;z-index: 9;width: 50px;height: 50px;text-align: center;background: #666;cursor: pointer;border-radius: 2px;display: none;} .back_to_top i{color:#FFF;font-size: 40px;line-height: 46px;} .back_to_top:hover {background: #c8102e;} .back_to_top-show {display: block;} @media (max-width: 992px){ footer .container{width: 100%;max-width: 95%;} footer .footer-details{border-top: 1px solid #666666;border-bottom: 1px solid #666666;padding-bottom: 25px;padding-top: 25px;} footer .footer-details .left-col{width: 100%; max-width: 100%; flex: 0 0 100%;} footer .mobile-view .right-col .row-data{width:49.5%; display: inline-block;} footer .mobile-view .right-col .social-icons{text-align: left;} footer .footer-details .right-col .subscribe-btn{width: 46%;} footer .footer-details .right-col{display: none;} footer .mobile-view{display: block;padding-bottom: 25px;padding-top: 25px;} footer .mobile-view .right-col{display: block;} footer .mobile-view .right-col .row-data > div{width:49%;} footer .mobile-view .right-col .row-data:last-child{margin-bottom: 0px;} footer .mobile-view .right-col .row-data div.info{padding-right: 2px;} footer .mobile-view .right-col .social-icons a{margin-left: 10px;} } @media (max-width: 767px){ .footer-ad .tableCenter{min-width:320px;min-height: 50px;} footer .footer-details .right-col .subscribe-btn{width: 100%;} footer .mobile-view .right-col .row-data{width:100%; display: block;} footer .mobile-view .right-col .social-icons{text-align: right;} footer .footer-details{padding-bottom: 0px;padding-top: 0px;} footer .footer-details .right-col .row-data > div.info.w-53{width: 53%;} footer .footer-details .right-col .row-data > div.signup{width: 45%;} footer .footer-details.mobile-view{padding-bottom: 30px;padding-top: 30px;} footer .footer-details .left-col ul{padding-top: 15px;padding-bottom: 5px; border-bottom: 1px solid #666666; width:100%;} footer .footer-details .left-col ul:last-child{border-bottom: none;} footer .footer-details .left-col li.main-title{display: block;width:100%;} footer .footer-details .left-col li{display: inline-block;width:49%;} footer .footer-copyrights{padding: 30px 0px; text-align: center;} footer .footer-copyrights img{width: 40%;width: 180px;height: 25.82px;} footer .footer-copyrights .text{margin-top: 10px;justify-content: center;} .back_to_top{right: 30px;} } .bottom100{ bottom:100px } .marginBottom70{ margin-bottom: 70px; } </style> <div class="footer-ad DisplayAd no-print"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12"> <div class="tableCenter" id="footer_ad_id"> <div id="" class="get_ad"> <script> var id_map = { "mobile": 'div-gpt-ad-1362126290726-2', "tablet": 'div-gpt-ad-1362125825102-2', "desktop": 'div-gpt-ad-1362125114269-2' } var footer_ad_id = id_map[deviceType] || id_map["mobile"]; jQuery('#footer_ad_id .get_ad').attr( 'id', footer_ad_id ); googletag.cmd.push( function() { googletag.display(footer_ad_id); } ); </script> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <footer class="no-print"> <div class="footer-details mobile-view"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12 right-col"> <a class="subscribe-btn no-print" href="/sub" title="Subscribe">SUBSCRIBE</a> <div class="row-data no-print"> <div class="info"> <h5>In your social network</h5> <div>Stay up to date with us on your social media platform of choice.</div> </div> <div class="social-icons"> <a href="https://twitter.com/japantimes" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" title="Twitter"><i class="icon-twitter-with-circle"></i></a> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/the-japan-times" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" title="Linkedin"><i class="icon-linkedin"></i></a> <a href="https://www.instagram.com/thejapantimes/?hl=en" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" title="Instagram"><i class="icon-instagram"></i></a> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/thejapantimes" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" title="Facebook"><img src="/theme_japantimes/images/fb-footer.svg" class="fb" height="26" width="26" alt="Facebook" /></a> </div> </div> <div class="row-data no-print"> <div class="info w-53"> <h5>In your inbox</h5> <div>Get updates, insights and more via our newsletters.</div> </div> <div class="signup"> <a href="/email-newsletters" title="Sign Up"><img src="/theme_japantimes/images/send_icon.svg" alt="SIGN ME UP"/> SIGN ME UP</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="footer-details"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-8 left-col"> <ul> <li class="main-title">products & services</li> <li><a href="/sub/print/" title="Print subscriptions" >Print subscriptions</a></li> <li><a href="/sub/groups/" title="Group subscriptions" >Group subscriptions</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/sub/students" target="_blank" title="Student subscription" >Student subscription</a></li> <li><a href="https://info.japantimes.co.jp/archives/" target="_blank" title="JT Digital Archives" >JT Digital Archives</a></li> <li><a href="https://epaper.japantimes.co.jp/" target="_blank" title="Epaper Edition" >Epaper Edition</a></li> <li><a href="/feed/" title="RSS feeds" >RSS feeds</a></li> </ul> <ul> <li class="main-title">help & support</li> <li><a href="/about-us/site-support/" title="Support" >Support</a></li> <li><a href="https://support.japantimes.co.jp/hc/en-us" target="_blank" title="FAQs" >FAQs</a></li> <li><a href="/about-us/link-policy/" title="Link policy" >Link policy</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/republishing/" title="Republishing" >Republishing</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/contact-us/" title="Contact us" >Contact us</a></li> </ul> <ul> <li class="main-title">about us</li> <li><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/about-us/" title="Company info" >Company info</a></li> <li><a href="/about-us/privacy/" title="Privacy policy" >Privacy policy</a></li> <li><a href="/about-us/link-policy/" title="Link policy" >Link policy</a></li> <li><a href="/category/announcements/" title="Announcements" >Announcements</a></li> <li><a href="/about-us/work-with-us/" title="Work with us" >Work with us</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/advertise/" title="Advertise with us" >Advertise with us</a></li> <li><a href="/about-us/press/" title="Press releases" >Press releases</a></li> </ul> <ul> <li class="main-title">our sites</li> <li><a href="https://alpha.japantimes.co.jp/" target="_blank" title="The Japan Times Alpha" >The Japan Times Alpha</a></li> <li><a href="https://bookclub.japantimes.co.jp/" target="_blank" title="JT Bookclub" >JT Bookclub</a></li> <li><a href="https://jobs.japantimes.com/" target="_blank" title="The Japan Times Jobs" >The Japan Times Jobs</a></li> <li><a href="https://info.japantimes.co.jp/japanese-university-guide/" target="_blank" title="Education In Japan" >Education In Japan</a></li> <li><a href="https://info.japantimes.co.jp/job-classifieds/" target="_blank" title="Classifieds" >Classifieds</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/tender-announcement-advertisements/" title="Public notices" >Public notices</a></li> <li><a href="https://disaster.japantimes.co.jp/" target="_blank" title="Disaster information" >Disaster information</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/comfacts/" title="Comfacts" >Comfacts</a></li> </ul> <ul> <li class="main-title">our activities</li> <li><a href="https://sustainable.japantimes.com/" target="_blank" title="Sustainable Japan" >Sustainable Japan</a></li> <li><a href="https://authentic-japan-selection.japantimes.com/" target="_blank" title="Destination Restaurants" >Destination Restaurants</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/satoyama-consortium/" title="Satoyama Consortium" >Satoyama Consortium</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.japantimes.co.jp/esg-consortium/" title="ESG Consortium" >ESG Consortium</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-4 right-col"> <a class="subscribe-btn no-print" href="/sub" title="Subscribe">SUBSCRIBE</a> <div class="row-data no-print"> <div class="info"> <h5>In your social network</h5> <div>Stay up to date with us on your social media platform of choice.</div> </div> <div class="social-icons"> <a href="https://twitter.com/japantimes" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" title="Twitter"><i class="icon-twitter-with-circle"></i></a> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/the-japan-times" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" title="Linkedin"><i class="icon-linkedin"></i></a> <a href="https://www.instagram.com/thejapantimes/?hl=en" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" title="Instagram"><i class="icon-instagram"></i></a> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/thejapantimes" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" title="Facebook"><img src="/theme_japantimes/images/fb-footer.svg" class="fb" height="26" width="26" alt="Facebook" /></a> </div> </div> <div class="row-data no-print"> <div class="info w-53"> <h5>In your inbox</h5> <div>Get updates, insights and more via our newsletters.</div> </div> <div class="signup"> <a href="/email-newsletters" title="Sign Up"><img src="/theme_japantimes/images/send_icon.svg" alt="SIGN ME UP"/> SIGN ME UP</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="footer-copyrights"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-6"> <a href="/" title="The Japan Times"><img src="/theme_japantimes/images/logo-white-2.png" alt="The Japan Times" /></a> </div> <div class="col-md-6 text"> THE JAPAN TIMES LTD. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. </div> </div> </div> </div> </footer> <div class="back_to_top" title="Back to Top"><i class="icon-chevron-up"></i></div> <div id="recommend-pushUnit-top"></div> <div id="recommend-pushUnit-article" class="recommend-pushUnit"></div> <script type="text/javascript"> $(function(){ function trackScroll() { var scrolled = window.pageYOffset; var coords = document.documentElement.clientHeight; if (scrolled > coords) { goTopBtn.classList.add('back_to_top-show'); } if (scrolled < coords) { goTopBtn.classList.remove('back_to_top-show'); } } function backToTop() { if (window.pageYOffset > 0) { window.scrollBy(0, -80); setTimeout(backToTop, 0); } } var goTopBtn = document.querySelector('.back_to_top'); window.addEventListener('scroll', trackScroll); goTopBtn.addEventListener('click', backToTop); }); $(document).ready(() => { var windowSize = $(window).width(); var footer = $('.footer-copyrights') }); </script> <input type="hidden" name="csrf-token" content=""> <script> var lazysettimeout_value = 3000; var lazyloadScript_config = 1; lazysettimeout_value=2000; document.addEventListener("mousemove", lazyloadScript); document.addEventListener("scroll", lazyloadScript); document.addEventListener("touchstart", lazyloadScript); setTimeout(function(){ lazyloadScript(); },lazysettimeout_value); function lazyloadScript(){ if(lazyloadScript_config){ lazyloadScript_config = 0; $.getScript('https://www.japantimes.co.jp/theme_japantimes/js/lazyload.min.js',function(){ new LazyLoad({ elements_selector: ".lazy", threshold: 0, }); }); } } </script> <script async type="text/javascript" src="https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/tag/js/gpt.js"></script>  <script> !function(e,t,n,s,u,a){e.twq||(s=e.twq=function(){s.exe?s.exe.apply(s,arguments):s.queue.push(arguments); },s.version='1.1',s.queue=[],u=t.createElement(n),u.async=!0,u.src='//static.ads-twitter.com/uwt.js', a=t.getElementsByTagName(n)[0],a.parentNode.insertBefore(u,a))}(window,document,'script'); twq('init','o4laj'); twq('track','PageView'); </script> </body> </html>

CINXE.COM

Culture - The Japan Times