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url(https://www.omniglot.com/radio/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/cropped-bg_radio_omniglot.jpg)"> <div class="site-branding"> <h1 class="site-title"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/" rel="home">Radio Omniglot</a></h1> <h2 class="site-description">Podcasts about languages and words</h2> </div> <nav id="site-navigation" class="main-navigation" role="navigation"> <button id="menu-button" class="menu-toggle" aria-controls="primary-menu" aria-expanded="false">Primary Menu</button> <div class="menu-top-menu-container"><ul id="primary-menu" class="menu"><li id="menu-item-22" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-home menu-item-22"><a href="http://www.omniglot.com/radio/">Home</a></li> <li id="menu-item-23" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-23"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?page_id=9">About</a></li> <li id="menu-item-2627" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-2627"><a 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class="page-title">Category: <span>French (français)</span></h1> </header> <article id="post-3836" class="post-3836 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-breton category-catalan-catala category-celtic-pathways category-cornish category-czech category-english category-etymology category-french category-gaulish category-irish category-language category-manx category-music category-podcast category-polish-polski category-proto-celtic category-proto-indo-european category-russian category-scottish-gaelic category-swedish category-welsh tag-celtic tag-etymology tag-gaelic tag-language tag-linguistics tag-music tag-omniglot tag-podcast tag-soot tag-words"> <header class="entry-header"> <h1 class="entry-title"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3836" rel="bookmark">Celtic Pathways – Sooty Soot</a></h1> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="posted-on"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3836" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2025-03-15T17:24:20+00:00">15th March 2025</time><time class="updated" datetime="2025-03-15T17:31:36+00:00">15th March 2025</time></a></span><span class="byline"> By <span class="author vcard"><a class="url fn n" href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?author=1">Simon</a></span></span> </div> </header> <div class="entry-content"> <div itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/AudioObject"><meta itemprop="name" content="Celtic Pathways &#8211; Sooty Soot" /><meta itemprop="uploadDate" content="2025-03-15T17:24:20+00:00" /><meta itemprop="encodingFormat" content="audio/mpeg" /><meta itemprop="duration" content="PT1M38S" /><meta itemprop="description" content="In this episode we discover the possible Celtic roots of words for soot in English, French and various other languages. The Proto-Celtic word *sūdyā means soot and comes from Proto-Indo-European *suh₃d- (soot [?]), or from sed- (to sit) [source]. ..." /><meta itemprop="contentUrl" content="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/soot.mp3" /><meta itemprop="contentSize" content="1.3" /><div class="powerpress_player" id="powerpress_player_3372"> <audio class="wp-audio-shortcode" id="audio-3836-1" preload="none" style="width: 100%;" controls="controls"><source type="audio/mpeg" src="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/soot.mp3?_=1" /><a href="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/soot.mp3">https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/soot.mp3</a></audio></div></div><p class="powerpress_links powerpress_links_mp3" style="margin-bottom: 1px !important;">Podcast: <a href="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/soot.mp3" class="powerpress_link_pinw" target="_blank" title="Play in new window" onclick="return powerpress_pinw('https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?powerpress_pinw=3836-podcast');" rel="nofollow">Play in new window</a> | <a href="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/soot.mp3" class="powerpress_link_d" title="Download" rel="nofollow" download="soot.mp3">Download</a></p><p>In this episode we discover the possible Celtic roots of words for <strong>soot</strong> in English, French and various other languages.</p> <p><a data-flickr-embed="true" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/112261457@N06/33398368658/in/photolist-STinqo-rhtLns-3zST4N-ZQKjEN-FYFEaF-rc2XP-cWg4yh-5N4HUM-8MQyG-r4xL96-3gKWnK-bXdyCx-8mPt11-2icdrms-2o5t4Fv-2jAmL2D-96MEHr-8kxCq4-RD8DE5-6hKwm-2mrYiS4-aMmhPe-aEHEEY-2kQce4L-cRTwyY-wCcoe-bGP358-5Z2Anw-2icbfBL-dXkZ7c-FLWER6-ZvPDXA-2gnW1fU-2qtJLWe-2ktoevy-2kfynGR-5YXj5z-kiQE3r-UT91Tu-uioey-2onwm66-2mwK2QD-2ms5mCe-2mrZzcE-2qsSAFc-2ontA2E-2pUapfy-s8V3zd-28i8yuK-pZdYzi" title="Anybody else smell smoke??"><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" src="https://live.staticflickr.com/7903/33398368658_d79cd4108b_z.jpg" width="640" height="427" alt="Anybody else smell smoke??"/></a><script async src="//embedr.flickr.com/assets/client-code.js" charset="utf-8"></script></p> <p>The Proto-Celtic word <strong>*sūdyā</strong> means soot and comes from Proto-Indo-European <em>*suh₃d-</em> (soot [?]), or from <em>sed-</em> (to sit) [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/huddygl#Welsh">source</a>].</p> <p>Related words in the modern Celtic languages include: </p> <ul> <li><strong>súiche</strong> [ˈsˠuːçɪ] = soot in Irish</li> <li><strong>sùith</strong> [suːj] = soot in Scottish Gaelic</li> <li><strong>sooie</strong> = smut, soot in Manx</li> <li><strong>huddygl</strong> [ˈhɨ̞ðɨ̞ɡl / ˈhɪðɪɡl] = soot in Welsh</li> <li><strong>hudhygel</strong> = soot in Cornish</li> <li><strong>huzil</strong> [ˈhyː(z)il] = soot in Breton</li> </ul> <p>For more about words for <strong>soot</strong> and related things in Celtic languages, see the Celtiadur post: <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/celtiadur/2025/03/15/soot/">Soot</a>.</p> <p>Words from the same Proto-Celtic root, via Gaulish <em>*sūdiā</em> (soot [?]), include <strong>sutge</strong> (soot) in Catalan, <strong>suie</strong> (soot) in French, and maybe <strong>soot</strong> in English, <strong>sot</strong> (soot) in Swedish, <strong>sadza</strong> (soot) in Polish, <strong>сажа</strong> (saža – soot) in Russian, and <strong>saze</strong> (soot) in Czech [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/s%C5%ABdy%C4%81">source</a>].</p> <p>Incidentally, another Welsh word for soot is <strong>fflacs</strong>, which refers specifically to soot blown down a chimney on a windy day [<a href="https://welsh-dictionary.ac.uk/gpc/gpc.html">source</a>].</p> <p>Radio Omniglot podcasts are brought to you in association with <a href="https://blubrry.com/services/podcast-hosting/?code=omniglot">Blubrry Podcast Hosting</a>, a great place to host your podcasts. Get your first month free with the promo code <strong>omniglot</strong>.</p> <p><a href="http://www.japanesepod101.com/member/go.php?r=759259&i=b0" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img decoding="async" src="/images/banners/banner_japanesepod.jpg" alt="The Fastest Way to Learn Japanese Guaranteed with JapanesePod101.com" width="630" height="83"></a></p> <div class="addtoany_share_save_container addtoany_content addtoany_content_bottom"><div class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 addtoany_list" data-a2a-url="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3836" data-a2a-title="Celtic Pathways – Sooty Soot"><a class="a2a_button_facebook" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/facebook?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.omniglot.com%2Fradio%2F%3Fp%3D3836&linkname=Celtic%20Pathways%20%E2%80%93%20Sooty%20Soot" title="Facebook" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_twitter" 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(Kernewek)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=33" rel="category">Czech (čeština)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=20" rel="category">English</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=56" rel="category">Etymology</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=23" rel="category">French (français)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=117" rel="category">Gaulish</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=6" rel="category">Irish (Gaeilge)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=4" rel="category">Language</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=36" rel="category">Manx (Gaelg)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=11" rel="category">Music</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=1" rel="category">Podcast</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=63" rel="category">Polish (polski)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=94" rel="category">Proto-Celtic</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=59" rel="category">Proto-Indo-European</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=32" rel="category">Russian (Русский)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=5" rel="category">Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=30" rel="category">Swedish (svenska)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=7" rel="category">Welsh (Cymraeg)</a></span><span class="tags-links">Tagged <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=celtic" rel="tag">celtic</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=etymology" rel="tag">etymology</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=gaelic" rel="tag">gaelic</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=language" rel="tag">language</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=linguistics" rel="tag">linguistics</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=music" rel="tag">music</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=omniglot" rel="tag">omniglot</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=podcast" rel="tag">podcast</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=soot" rel="tag">soot</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=words" rel="tag">words</a></span><span class="comments-link"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3836#respond">Leave a comment</a></span> </footer> </article> <article id="post-3822" class="post-3822 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-dutch category-english category-etymology category-french category-irish category-language category-latin category-middle-english category-music category-old-english-aenglisc category-podcast category-proto-indo-european category-proto-italic category-spanish tag-caisse tag-caja tag-cash tag-etymology tag-language tag-music tag-omniglot tag-podcast tag-words"> <header class="entry-header"> <h1 class="entry-title"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3822" rel="bookmark">Adventures in Etymology – Cash</a></h1> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="posted-on"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3822" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2025-03-08T10:00:00+00:00">8th March 2025</time><time class="updated" datetime="2025-03-08T17:48:13+00:00">8th March 2025</time></a></span><span class="byline"> By <span class="author vcard"><a class="url fn n" href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?author=1">Simon</a></span></span> </div> </header> <div class="entry-content"> <div itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/AudioObject"><meta itemprop="name" content="Adventures in Etymology &#8211; Cash" /><meta itemprop="uploadDate" content="2025-03-08T10:00:00+00:00" /><meta itemprop="encodingFormat" content="audio/mpeg" /><meta itemprop="duration" content="PT2M29S" /><meta itemprop="description" content="In this Adventure in Etymology, we are grasping the cash box as we look into the origins of the word cash. Cash [kæʃ] is: Money in the form of notes or bills and coins Liquid assets, money that can be traded quickly, as distinct from assets that..." /><meta itemprop="contentUrl" content="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/etymology/cash.mp3" /><meta itemprop="contentSize" content="2.6" /><div class="powerpress_player" id="powerpress_player_3373"><audio class="wp-audio-shortcode" id="audio-3822-2" preload="none" style="width: 100%;" controls="controls"><source type="audio/mpeg" src="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/etymology/cash.mp3?_=2" /><a href="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/etymology/cash.mp3">https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/etymology/cash.mp3</a></audio></div></div><p class="powerpress_links powerpress_links_mp3" style="margin-bottom: 1px !important;">Podcast: <a href="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/etymology/cash.mp3" class="powerpress_link_pinw" target="_blank" title="Play in new window" onclick="return powerpress_pinw('https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?powerpress_pinw=3822-podcast');" rel="nofollow">Play in new window</a> | <a href="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/etymology/cash.mp3" class="powerpress_link_d" title="Download" rel="nofollow" download="cash.mp3">Download</a></p><p>In this Adventure in Etymology, we are grasping the cash box as we look into the origins of the word <strong>cash</strong>.</p> <p><img decoding="async" src="https://www.omniglot.com/images/videos/cash2.jpg" width="630" height="354" alt="Cash - part of my collection of coins and banknotes" /></p> <p><strong>Cash</strong> [kæʃ] is:</p> <ul> <li>Money in the form of notes or bills and coins</li> <li>Liquid assets, money that can be traded quickly, as distinct from assets that are invested and cannot be easily exchanged.</li> <li>Money.</li> <li>A place where money is kept, or where it is deposited and paid out; a money box. (<em>archaic</em>)</li> </ul> <p>It comes from Middle French <em>caisse</em> (money box, chest), from Occitan <em>caissa</em> from Latin <em>capsa</em> (box, case, holder, repository, bookcase), from <em>capiō</em> (to take, capture, seize), from Old Latin <em>kapio</em>, from Proto-Italic <em>*kapjō</em> (to take, seize), from Proto-Indo-European <em>*kapyéti</em> (to be grasping), from <em>*kap-</em> (to seize, grab, hold) [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cash#English">source</a>].</p> <p>Words from the same roots include <strong>case</strong>, <strong>chase</strong>, <strong>have</strong>, <strong>haven</strong>, <strong>heave</strong>, <strong>heft</strong> and <strong>disciple</strong> in English, <strong>caja</strong> (box, case, bank) in Spanish, <strong>caisse</strong> (box, crate, cash register) in French, <strong>hebben</strong> (to have, possess, own, hold) in Dutch, and <strong>cuach</strong> (bowl, goblet) in Irish [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kap-">source</a>].</p> <p>Hang on, how is <strong>disciple</strong> related to <strong>cash</strong>? Well, it comes from Middle English <em>disciple</em> (disciple), from Old English <em>discipul</em> (disciple, scholar), from Latin <em>discipulus</em> (student, pupil, disciple, scholar), from <em>dis-</em> (asunder, apart) and Proto-Italic <em>*kapelos</em> (one who takes), from <em>*kapiō</em> (to take), from Proto-Indo-European <em>*kapyéti</em>, etc. So a disciple or scholar could be one said to be who ‘takes apart’ ideas, knowledge, etc. [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/disciple#English">source</a>].</p> <p>There are many other words for <strong>cash</strong> and <strong>money</strong> in English, including <strong>brass</strong>, <strong>bread</strong>, <strong>dosh</strong>, <strong>dough</strong>, <strong>funds</strong>, <strong>moolah</strong>, <strong>readies</strong>, <strong>spondoolicks</strong> and <strong>wonga</strong> – do you know any others? [<a href="https://www.wix.com/wordsmatter/blog/2020/09/slang-for-money/">source</a>].</p> <p>By the way, this week there is a <a href="Vhttps://www.omniglot.com/celtiadur/2025/03/03/satisfying-pleasure/">bonus Adventure in Etymology</a> on my <a href="https://www.patreon.com/omniglot">Patreon</a> page.</p> <p>You can also listen to this podcast on: <a href="https://podcasts.apple.com/gb/podcast/radio-omniglot/id1432641094">Apple Podcasts</a>, <a href="https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/8b1b1d1b-b39e-4277-b28d-479a3b5043b3/radio-omniglot">Amazon Music</a>, <a href="https://tunein.com/podcasts/Education-Podcasts/Radio-Omniglot-p1154145/">TuneIn</a>, <a href="https://www.podchaser.com/podcasts/radio-omniglot-716327">Podchaser</a>, <a href="<a href="https://podbay.fm/p/radio-omniglot">Podbay</a> or <a href="https://podtail.com/da/podcast/radio-omniglot/">Podtail</a> and other pod places.</p> <p>If you would like to support this podcast, you can make a donation via <a href="https://www.paypal.com/uk/cgi-bin/webscr?cmd=_flow&SESSION=aLjPfXL-vP_1gQ_U23Iz8_hSWLlhzLHPMFZrt32dIEfG8htoNFLYaPoWkv8&dispatch=5885d80a13c0db1f8e263663d3faee8def8934b92a630e40b7fef61ab7e9fe63">PayPal</a> or <a href="https://www.patreon.com/omniglot">Patreon</a>, or <a href="http://www.omniglot.com/donations.htm">contribute to Omniglot in other ways</a>.</p> <p>Radio Omniglot podcasts are brought to you in association with <a href="https://blubrry.com/services/podcast-hosting/?code=omniglot">Blubrry Podcast Hosting</a>, a great place to host your podcasts. Get your first month free with the promo code <strong>omniglot</strong>.</p> <p><a href="http://www.japanesepod101.com/member/go.php?r=759259&i=b0" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://www.omniglot.com/images/banners/banner_japanesepod.jpg" alt="The Fastest Way to Learn Japanese Guaranteed with JapanesePod101.com" width="630" height="83"></a></p> <p>I also write about words, etymology and other language-related topics on the <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/">Omniglot Blog</a>, and I explore etymological connections between Celtic languages on the <a href="http://www.omniglot.com/celtiadur/">Celtiadur</a> blog.</p> <div align="center"><a href="http://my.kualo.com/uk/go/00572" target="_blank"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://cdn.kualo.com/rewards/uk-unlimited-728x90.gif" width="728" height="90" border="0" alt="Unlimited Web Hosting - Kualo"/></a></div> <div class="addtoany_share_save_container addtoany_content addtoany_content_bottom"><div class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 addtoany_list" data-a2a-url="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3822" data-a2a-title="Adventures in Etymology – Cash"><a class="a2a_button_facebook" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/facebook?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.omniglot.com%2Fradio%2F%3Fp%3D3822&linkname=Adventures%20in%20Etymology%20%E2%80%93%20Cash" title="Facebook" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_twitter" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/twitter?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.omniglot.com%2Fradio%2F%3Fp%3D3822&linkname=Adventures%20in%20Etymology%20%E2%80%93%20Cash" title="Twitter" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_pinterest" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/pinterest?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.omniglot.com%2Fradio%2F%3Fp%3D3822&linkname=Adventures%20in%20Etymology%20%E2%80%93%20Cash" title="Pinterest" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_dd addtoany_share_save 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href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=1" rel="category">Podcast</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=59" rel="category">Proto-Indo-European</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=133" rel="category">Proto-Italic</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=28" rel="category">Spanish (español)</a></span><span class="tags-links">Tagged <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=caisse" rel="tag">caisse</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=caja" rel="tag">caja</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=cash" rel="tag">cash</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=etymology" rel="tag">etymology</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=language" rel="tag">language</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=music" rel="tag">music</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=omniglot" rel="tag">omniglot</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=podcast" rel="tag">podcast</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=words" rel="tag">words</a></span><span class="comments-link"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3822#respond">Leave a comment</a></span> </footer> </article> <article id="post-3809" class="post-3809 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-breton category-bulgarian- category-celtic-pathways category-cornish category-english category-french category-galician-galego category-gaulish category-irish category-language category-latin category-music category-podcast category-portuguese category-proto-celtic category-proto-indo-european category-swedish category-welsh"> <header class="entry-header"> <h1 class="entry-title"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3809" rel="bookmark">Celtic Pathways – Quays</a></h1> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="posted-on"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3809" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2025-03-01T10:00:00+00:00">1st March 2025</time><time class="updated" datetime="2025-02-27T15:19:24+00:00">27th February 2025</time></a></span><span class="byline"> By <span class="author vcard"><a class="url fn n" href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?author=1">Simon</a></span></span> </div> </header> <div class="entry-content"> <div itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/AudioObject"><meta itemprop="name" content="Celtic Pathways &#8211; Quays" /><meta itemprop="uploadDate" content="2025-03-01T10:00:00+00:00" /><meta itemprop="encodingFormat" content="audio/mpeg" /><meta itemprop="duration" content="PT2M07S" /><meta itemprop="description" content="In this episode we discover the Celtic roots of words for quay, jetty, pier, etc. in English, French and other languages. Bangor Pier. Photo by Simon Ager The Proto-Celtic word *kagyom means pen or enclosure, and comes from the Proto-Indo-European..." /><meta itemprop="contentUrl" content="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/quays.mp3" /><meta itemprop="contentSize" content="1.8" /><div class="powerpress_player" id="powerpress_player_3374"><audio class="wp-audio-shortcode" id="audio-3809-3" preload="none" style="width: 100%;" controls="controls"><source type="audio/mpeg" src="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/quays.mp3?_=3" /><a href="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/quays.mp3">https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/quays.mp3</a></audio></div></div><p class="powerpress_links powerpress_links_mp3" style="margin-bottom: 1px !important;">Podcast: <a href="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/quays.mp3" class="powerpress_link_pinw" target="_blank" title="Play in new window" onclick="return powerpress_pinw('https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?powerpress_pinw=3809-podcast');" rel="nofollow">Play in new window</a> | <a href="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/quays.mp3" class="powerpress_link_d" title="Download" rel="nofollow" download="quays.mp3">Download</a></p><p>In this episode we discover the Celtic roots of words for <strong>quay</strong>, <strong>jetty</strong>, <strong>pier</strong>, etc. in English, French and other languages.</p> <p><a data-flickr-embed="true" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/omniglot/48032341046/in/photolist-2pT9vJo-2pT9vW2-2pT9XPf-2pT9XSg-2pUH4Ya-2pUKdkv-2pUKdpy-2hGP5Xs-2hGSNow-2jGzSq8-2jGEbMz-2jGEbN1-2krazqm-2kGSqHE-2kGSqT9-2kGSqVy-2kGWCnT-2kGWCt9-2kGWCtz-2kGWCAt-2mBgg2m-2mBgg4L-2mBoRiv-2mUr65v-2mUzHwR-2nyKeUi-2nBBMqj-2nBGJaa-2nBGRkE-2nBGRsi-2nBJbEA-2nBKgzK-Gs7Hrx-He83FJ-HguAjP-HjBaY7-KDZNws-KVXoyh-KYtBPn-L2XdFF-PUdhsc-Ts2ddx-Wjvyuo-XLnXQL-YNtEmJ-252DzHv-252YuYt-2a3gdsZ-2gbsiz9-2gbswgD" title="Bangor Pier"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://live.staticflickr.com/65535/48032341046_0eceb2f69d_z.jpg" width="640" height="361" alt="Bangor Pier"/></a><script async src="//embedr.flickr.com/assets/client-code.js" charset="utf-8"></script><br /> <em>Bangor Pier. Photo by Simon Ager</em></p> <p>The Proto-Celtic word <strong>*kagyom</strong> means pen or enclosure, and comes from the Proto-Indo-European <em>*kagʰyóm</em> (enclosure, hedge), from <em>*kagʰ-</em> (to keep, hold, close, enclose, fence, hedge, barrier, field, pasture) [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/kagyom">source</a>].</p> <p>Related words in the modern Celtic languages include: </p> <ul> <li><strong>cae</strong> [kaːɨ̯ / kai̯] = hedge, fence, field, enclosure, circle, sphere, barrier, obstruction in Welsh</li> <li><strong>ke</strong> = hedge, fence in Cornish</li> <li><strong>kae</strong> [kɛː] = hedge, quay in Breton</li> </ul> <p>For more about words for <strong>field</strong> and related things in Celtic languages, see the Celtiadur post: <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/celtiadur/2019/07/31/fields-meadows-and-pastures/">Fields, Meadows and Pastures</a>.</p> <p>Words from the same Proto-Celtic root, via Gaulish <em>*kagyom</em> (enclosure) and Latin <em>caium</em> (storehouse, shop, workshop, quay, wharf) include <strong>quai</strong> (quay, wharf, platform) in French, <strong>quay</strong> in English, <strong>caes</strong> (quay, pier, wharf, breakwater) in Galician, <strong>cais</strong> (quay, pier, wharf, platform) in Portuguese, <strong>кей</strong> (kej – quay, pier, wharf, jetty) in Bulgarian, and <strong>cé</strong> (quay, wharf, pier) in Irish [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/caium#Latin">source</a>].</p> <p>Words from the same PIE roots include <strong>hedge</strong> and <strong>inchoate</strong> (chaotic, disordered, confused) in English, <strong>haie</strong> (hedge, obstacle, line, row) and <strong>age</strong> (beam, shaft) in French, <strong>cael</strong> (to get, receive, have) and <strong>caer</strong> (fort[ress], castle, citadel) in Welsh, and <strong>häck</strong> (hedge, hurdle) in Swedish [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kag%CA%B0-">source</a>].</p> <p>Radio Omniglot podcasts are brought to you in association with <a href="https://blubrry.com/services/podcast-hosting/?code=omniglot">Blubrry Podcast Hosting</a>, a great place to host your podcasts. Get your first month free with the promo code <strong>omniglot</strong>.</p> <p><a href="http://www.japanesepod101.com/member/go.php?r=759259&i=b0" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="/images/banners/banner_japanesepod.jpg" alt="The Fastest Way to Learn Japanese Guaranteed with JapanesePod101.com" width="630" height="83"></a></p> <div class="addtoany_share_save_container addtoany_content addtoany_content_bottom"><div class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 addtoany_list" data-a2a-url="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3809" data-a2a-title="Celtic Pathways – Quays"><a class="a2a_button_facebook" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/facebook?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.omniglot.com%2Fradio%2F%3Fp%3D3809&linkname=Celtic%20Pathways%20%E2%80%93%20Quays" title="Facebook" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_twitter" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/twitter?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.omniglot.com%2Fradio%2F%3Fp%3D3809&linkname=Celtic%20Pathways%20%E2%80%93%20Quays" title="Twitter" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_pinterest" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/pinterest?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.omniglot.com%2Fradio%2F%3Fp%3D3809&linkname=Celtic%20Pathways%20%E2%80%93%20Quays" title="Pinterest" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_dd addtoany_share_save addtoany_share" href="https://www.addtoany.com/share"></a></div></div> </div> <footer class="entry-footer"> <span class="cat-links">Posted in <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=38" rel="category">Breton (Brezhoneg)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=121" rel="category">Bulgarian (Български)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=122" rel="category">Celtic Pathways</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=37" rel="category">Cornish (Kernewek)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=20" rel="category">English</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=23" rel="category">French (français)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=143" rel="category">Galician (galego)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=117" rel="category">Gaulish</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=6" rel="category">Irish (Gaeilge)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=4" rel="category">Language</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=50" rel="category">Latin (Lingua Latina)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=11" rel="category">Music</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=1" rel="category">Podcast</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=27" rel="category">Portuguese (português)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=94" rel="category">Proto-Celtic</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=59" rel="category">Proto-Indo-European</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=30" rel="category">Swedish (svenska)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=7" rel="category">Welsh (Cymraeg)</a></span><span class="comments-link"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3809#respond">Leave a comment</a></span> </footer> </article> <article id="post-3782" class="post-3782 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-breton category-celtic-pathways category-cornish category-dutch category-english category-etymology category-french category-german category-irish category-language category-manx category-middle-english category-middle-french category-music category-old-english-aenglisc category-podcast category-proto-celtic category-proto-germanic category-proto-indo-european category-scottish-gaelic category-welsh tag-celtic tag-etymology tag-gulls tag-language tag-music tag-omniglot tag-podcast tag-seagulls tag-words"> <header class="entry-header"> <h1 class="entry-title"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3782" rel="bookmark">Celtic Pathways – Gulls</a></h1> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="posted-on"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3782" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date published updated" datetime="2025-02-15T16:31:58+00:00">15th February 2025</time></a></span><span class="byline"> By <span class="author vcard"><a class="url fn n" href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?author=1">Simon</a></span></span> </div> </header> <div class="entry-content"> <div itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/AudioObject"><meta itemprop="name" content="Celtic Pathways &#8211; Gulls" /><meta itemprop="uploadDate" content="2025-02-15T16:31:58+00:00" /><meta itemprop="encodingFormat" content="audio/mpeg" /><meta itemprop="duration" content="PT2M14S" /><meta itemprop="description" content="In this episode we discover the possible Celtic roots of English and French words for seagull. The Proto-Celtic word *wailannā means seagull, and possibly comes from the Proto-Indo-European *wáy (oh! ah! woe! alas!), and maybe related to *waylos (..." /><meta itemprop="contentUrl" content="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/gulls.mp3" /><meta itemprop="contentSize" content="2.5" /><div class="powerpress_player" id="powerpress_player_3375"><audio class="wp-audio-shortcode" id="audio-3782-4" preload="none" style="width: 100%;" controls="controls"><source type="audio/mpeg" src="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/gulls.mp3?_=4" /><a href="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/gulls.mp3">https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/gulls.mp3</a></audio></div></div><p class="powerpress_links powerpress_links_mp3" style="margin-bottom: 1px !important;">Podcast: <a href="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/gulls.mp3" class="powerpress_link_pinw" target="_blank" title="Play in new window" onclick="return powerpress_pinw('https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?powerpress_pinw=3782-podcast');" rel="nofollow">Play in new window</a> | <a href="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/gulls.mp3" class="powerpress_link_d" title="Download" rel="nofollow" download="gulls.mp3">Download</a></p><p>In this episode we discover the possible Celtic roots of English and French words for <strong>seagull</strong>.</p> <p><a data-flickr-embed="true" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/omniglot/8669890780/in/photolist-CK25VS-CK27Kd-CK28Ab-CK2bh3-FUqCZZ-FUqDKr-RnJ5aY-VmySKU-WzcBBq-WQihiY-Xeg1VF-Xeg49Z-XFjAgk-XVbVC5-Ybi4Te-YfJGDe-YRhzKA-ZLgxUY-ZLgzc7-ZLgDqN-ZLgFxU-ZQZeZg-23DSofy-2hfkDSr-2jEus7W-nwQjkH-Q9JBGu-Qcx3CB-ed8stw" title="Gulls"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://live.staticflickr.com/8263/8669890780_4edd1de330_z.jpg" width="640" height="480" alt="Gulls"/></a><script async src="//embedr.flickr.com/assets/client-code.js" charset="utf-8"></script></p> <p>The Proto-Celtic word <strong>*wailannā</strong> means seagull, and possibly comes from the Proto-Indo-European <em>*wáy</em> (oh! ah! woe! alas!), and maybe related to <em>*waylos</em> (howler, wolf) [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/wailann%C4%81">source</a>].</p> <p>Related words in the modern Celtic languages include: </p> <ul> <li><strong>faoileán</strong> = gull, seagull in Irish</li> <li><strong>faoileann</strong> [fɯːlən̪ˠ] = gull, seagull, common gull in Scottish Gaelic</li> <li><strong>foillan</strong> = gull, seagull in Manx</li> <li><strong>gwylan</strong> [ˈɡʊɨ̯lan / ˈɡʊi̯lan] = sea-gull, fair maiden, glutton in Welsh</li> <li><strong>golan</strong> [ˈɡoːlan / ˈɡʊlɐn] = gull, seagull in Cornish</li> <li><strong>gouelan</strong> [ˈɡweːlãn] = seagull in Breton</li> </ul> <p>For more about words for <strong>gulls</strong> and related things in Celtic languages, see the Celtiadur post: <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/celtiadur/2020/08/15/gulls/">Gulls</a></p> <p>The English word <strong>gull</strong> comes from Middle English <strong>gulle</strong> (gull, water bird), which was probably borrowed from a Brythonic language (Welsh or Cornish) [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gull#English">source</a>].</p> <p>The French word <strong>goéland</strong> [ɡɔ.e.lɑ̃] (gull, herring gull) was borrowed from Middle Breton <strong>goelan</strong> (gull, seagull) in the 15th century [<a href="https://fr.wiktionary.org/wiki/go%C3%A9land">source</a>].</p> <p>A more common French word for (sea)gull is <strong>mouette</strong> [mwɛt], which comes from Middle French <em>mouette</em> (seagull) from Old French <em>moette</em> (seagull), from <em>maoe</em> (seagull), from Old English <em>mǣw</em> (seagull) [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kelh%E2%82%82-">source</a>]. </p> <p>The Old Englsh word <em>mǣw</em>, comes from Proto-Germanic <em>*maiwiz</em> (seagull), from a non-Indo-European substrate, or is of imitative origin. It’s also found in Middle English as <em>mewe</em> (gull, seagull), in the archaic / dialectal English word <strong>mew</strong> (gull, seagull), in Dutch as <strong>meeuw</strong> (seagull), and in German as <strong>Möwe</strong> (seagull) [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/m%C3%A6w#Old_English">source</a>]. </p> <p>Radio Omniglot podcasts are brought to you in association with <a href="https://blubrry.com/services/podcast-hosting/?code=omniglot">Blubrry Podcast Hosting</a>, a great place to host your podcasts. Get your first month free with the promo code <strong>omniglot</strong>.</p> <p><a href="http://www.japanesepod101.com/member/go.php?r=759259&i=b0" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="/images/banners/banner_japanesepod.jpg" alt="The Fastest Way to Learn Japanese Guaranteed with JapanesePod101.com" width="630" height="83"></a></p> <div class="addtoany_share_save_container addtoany_content addtoany_content_bottom"><div class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 addtoany_list" data-a2a-url="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3782" data-a2a-title="Celtic Pathways – Gulls"><a class="a2a_button_facebook" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/facebook?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.omniglot.com%2Fradio%2F%3Fp%3D3782&linkname=Celtic%20Pathways%20%E2%80%93%20Gulls" title="Facebook" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_twitter" 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href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=20" rel="category">English</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=56" rel="category">Etymology</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=23" rel="category">French (français)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=24" rel="category">German (Deutsch)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=6" rel="category">Irish (Gaeilge)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=4" rel="category">Language</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=36" rel="category">Manx (Gaelg)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=58" rel="category">Middle English (Englisch)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=140" rel="category">Middle French (françois)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=11" rel="category">Music</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=55" rel="category">Old English (Ænglisc)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=1" rel="category">Podcast</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=94" rel="category">Proto-Celtic</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=57" rel="category">Proto-Germanic</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=59" rel="category">Proto-Indo-European</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=5" rel="category">Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=7" rel="category">Welsh (Cymraeg)</a></span><span class="tags-links">Tagged <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=celtic" rel="tag">celtic</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=etymology" rel="tag">etymology</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=gulls" rel="tag">gulls</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=language" rel="tag">language</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=music" rel="tag">music</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=omniglot" rel="tag">omniglot</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=podcast" rel="tag">podcast</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=seagulls" rel="tag">seagulls</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=words" rel="tag">words</a></span><span class="comments-link"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3782#respond">Leave a comment</a></span> </footer> </article> <article id="post-3773" class="post-3773 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-adventures-in-etymology category-ancient-greek- category-dutch category-english category-french category-german category-irish category-italian category-language category-latin category-middle-english category-music category-old-english-aenglisc category-old-french-franceis category-podcast category-proto-germanic category-proto-indo-european category-proto-west-germanic category-romanian-limba-romana category-spanish tag-boot tag-bottle tag-butler tag-butt tag-etymology tag-language tag-music tag-omniglot tag-podcast tag-words"> <header class="entry-header"> <h1 class="entry-title"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3773" rel="bookmark">Adventures in Etymology – Bottles, Boots and Butts</a></h1> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="posted-on"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3773" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2025-02-08T13:53:04+00:00">8th February 2025</time><time class="updated" datetime="2025-02-16T17:09:09+00:00">16th February 2025</time></a></span><span class="byline"> By <span class="author vcard"><a class="url fn n" href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?author=1">Simon</a></span></span> </div> </header> <div class="entry-content"> <div itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/AudioObject"><meta itemprop="name" content="Adventures in Etymology &#8211; Bottles, Boots and Butts" /><meta itemprop="uploadDate" content="2025-02-08T13:53:04+00:00" /><meta itemprop="encodingFormat" content="audio/mpeg" /><meta itemprop="duration" content="PT2M26S" /><meta itemprop="description" content="In this Adventure in Etymology, we find connections between words for bottle, boot and butt in various languages. Meanings of bottle [ˈbɔtɫ̩ / ˈbɑ.təl] include: A container, typically made of glass or plastic and having a tapered neck, used prim..." /><meta itemprop="contentUrl" content="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/etymology/bottles.mp3" /><meta itemprop="contentSize" content="2.6" /><div class="powerpress_player" id="powerpress_player_3376"><audio class="wp-audio-shortcode" id="audio-3773-5" preload="none" style="width: 100%;" controls="controls"><source type="audio/mpeg" src="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/etymology/bottles.mp3?_=5" /><a href="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/etymology/bottles.mp3">https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/etymology/bottles.mp3</a></audio></div></div><p class="powerpress_links powerpress_links_mp3" style="margin-bottom: 1px !important;">Podcast: <a href="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/etymology/bottles.mp3" class="powerpress_link_pinw" target="_blank" title="Play in new window" onclick="return powerpress_pinw('https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?powerpress_pinw=3773-podcast');" rel="nofollow">Play in new window</a> | <a href="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/etymology/bottles.mp3" class="powerpress_link_d" title="Download" rel="nofollow" download="bottles.mp3">Download</a></p><p>In this Adventure in Etymology, we find connections between words for <strong>bottle</strong>, <strong>boot</strong> and <strong>butt</strong> in various languages.</p> <p><a data-flickr-embed="true" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/fraleigh/34731484/in/photolist-451sG-8iUFnL-dkH3BE-9cwfaG-gARDT9-nBMapd-8cqMhv-p8bHck-f1T6jU-8YwE6t-tqh9LQ-ETD8CE-a47fYW-bPJfmx-5VcHkf-8rTCj2-dBX1C6-gARGoP-DxSDTs-5CcXT4-ETD9k1-bbbR3c-cnaxfN-cFhxoS-89337W-21p5Kbk-9hGDuD-oSEjuA-e35bqn-dNxVz9-qiv1dA-5pxkyp-JXmVxi-RH7w4-JyPAy-JyQp1-dJFuww-ojmbRY-9M9yjU-bysL8K-234ZfBs-bExEr8-KGpaT9-iQZSKq-92tyeN-8QsR8C-amGFDq-4UWQVz-MWMmL-6oNira" title="Balcony pix"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://live.staticflickr.com/22/34731484_79874c5bd7_z.jpg" width="640" height="389" alt="Balcony pix"/></a><script async src="//embedr.flickr.com/assets/client-code.js" charset="utf-8"></script></p> <p>Meanings of <strong>bottle</strong> [ˈbɔtɫ̩ / ˈbɑ.təl] include:</p> <ul> <li>A container, typically made of glass or plastic and having a tapered neck, used primarily for holding liquids.</li> <li>The contents of such a container.</li> </ul> <p>It comes from Middle English <em>botel</em> [ˈbutəl] (bottle, flask, wineskin), from Old French <em>boteille</em> [buˈteʎə] (bottle), from Late Latin <em>butticula</em> (bottle, flask), from <em>buttis</em> (cask, barrel), from Ancient Greek <em>βοῦττῐς</em> (boûttĭs – a type of vessel), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European <em>*bʰeHw-</em> (to swell, puff) [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/clutter">source</a>].</p> <p>Words from the same roots include <strong>boot</strong>, <strong>butt</strong> (cask, barrel), and <strong>butler</strong> in English, <strong>bottiglia</strong> (bottle) in Italian, <strong>botte</strong> (boot, oppression) in French, <strong>botija</strong> (jug, vessel) in Spanish, <strong>butoi</strong> (barrel, cask) in Romanian, <strong>buta</strong> (butt, cask, stock, stocky person) in Irish, and <strong>búča</strong> (pumpkin, squash, head) in Slovenian [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/buttis#Latin">source</a>].</p> <p>Words for bottle in Old English included:</p> <ul> <li><strong>flasce</strong> [ˈflɑs.ke] (bottle, flask), which comes from Proto-Germanic <em>*flaskǭ</em> (flask, bottle), lives on as <strong>flask</strong> in English, and is related the German word <strong>Flasche</strong> (bottle, flask, flagon), <strong>fles</strong> (bottle) in Dutch, and <strong>flaska</strong> (bottle) in Swedish [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/flasce#Old_English">source</a>].</li> <li><strong>ampella</strong> [ˈɑm.pel.lɑ] (flask, bottle, flagon, vial), which comes from Proto-West Germanic <em>*ampullā</em> (flask), from Latin <em>ampulla</em> (a two-handled vessel with a swollen middle), from <em>amphora</em> (a large vessel, especially one made of clay with two handles used for storing and transporting wine and oil), from Ancient Greek <em>ἀμφορεύς</em> (amphoreús – jar with a narrow neck, amphora). It lives on as <strong>ampoule</strong> in English [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ampella#Old_English">source</a>].</li> </ul> <p>A related word in German is <strong>Ampel</strong>, which can refer to a traffic light, a ceiling lamp or a container which hangs from the ceiling (for a plant, etc.) [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Ampel#German">source</a>]</p> <p>You can also listen to this podcast on: <a href="https://podcasts.apple.com/gb/podcast/radio-omniglot/id1432641094">Apple Podcasts</a>, <a href="https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/8b1b1d1b-b39e-4277-b28d-479a3b5043b3/radio-omniglot">Amazon Music</a>, <a href="https://tunein.com/podcasts/Education-Podcasts/Radio-Omniglot-p1154145/">TuneIn</a>, <a href="https://www.podchaser.com/podcasts/radio-omniglot-716327">Podchaser</a>, <a href="<a href="https://podbay.fm/p/radio-omniglot">Podbay</a> or <a href="https://podtail.com/da/podcast/radio-omniglot/">Podtail</a> and other pod places.</p> <p>If you would like to support this podcast, you can make a donation via <a href="https://www.paypal.com/uk/cgi-bin/webscr?cmd=_flow&SESSION=aLjPfXL-vP_1gQ_U23Iz8_hSWLlhzLHPMFZrt32dIEfG8htoNFLYaPoWkv8&dispatch=5885d80a13c0db1f8e263663d3faee8def8934b92a630e40b7fef61ab7e9fe63">PayPal</a> or <a href="https://www.patreon.com/omniglot">Patreon</a>, or <a href="http://www.omniglot.com/donations.htm">contribute to Omniglot in other ways</a>.</p> <p>Radio Omniglot podcasts are brought to you in association with <a href="https://blubrry.com/services/podcast-hosting/?code=omniglot">Blubrry Podcast Hosting</a>, a great place to host your podcasts. Get your first month free with the promo code <strong>omniglot</strong>.</p> <p><a href="http://www.japanesepod101.com/member/go.php?r=759259&i=b0" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://www.omniglot.com/images/banners/banner_japanesepod.jpg" alt="The Fastest Way to Learn Japanese Guaranteed with JapanesePod101.com" width="630" height="83"></a></p> <p>I also write about words, etymology and other language-related topics on the <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/">Omniglot Blog</a>, and I explore etymological connections between Celtic languages on the <a href="http://www.omniglot.com/celtiadur/">Celtiadur</a> blog.</p> <div align="center"><a href="http://my.kualo.com/uk/go/00572" target="_blank"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://cdn.kualo.com/rewards/uk-unlimited-728x90.gif" width="728" height="90" border="0" alt="Unlimited Web Hosting - Kualo"/></a></div> <div class="addtoany_share_save_container addtoany_content 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(español)</a></span><span class="tags-links">Tagged <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=boot" rel="tag">boot</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=bottle" rel="tag">bottle</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=butler" rel="tag">butler</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=butt" rel="tag">butt</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=etymology" rel="tag">etymology</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=language" rel="tag">language</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=music" rel="tag">music</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=omniglot" rel="tag">omniglot</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=podcast" rel="tag">podcast</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=words" rel="tag">words</a></span><span class="comments-link"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3773#respond">Leave a comment</a></span> </footer> </article> <article id="post-3761" class="post-3761 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-breton category-bulgarian- category-catalan-catala category-celtic-pathways category-cornish category-croatian-hrvatski category-czech category-etymology category-french category-gaulish category-german category-irish category-italian category-language category-latin category-manx category-music category-podcast category-polish-polski category-portuguese category-proto-celtic category-proto-indo-european category-scottish-gaelic category-slovak-slovencina category-slovenian-slovenscina category-welsh"> <header class="entry-header"> <h1 class="entry-title"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3761" rel="bookmark">Celtic Pathways – Calamitous Swords</a></h1> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="posted-on"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3761" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date published updated" datetime="2025-01-25T14:45:04+00:00">25th January 2025</time></a></span><span class="byline"> By <span class="author vcard"><a class="url fn n" href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?author=1">Simon</a></span></span> </div> </header> <div class="entry-content"> <div itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/AudioObject"><meta itemprop="name" content="Celtic Pathways &#8211; Calamitous Swords" /><meta itemprop="uploadDate" content="2025-01-25T14:45:04+00:00" /><meta itemprop="encodingFormat" content="audio/mpeg" /><meta itemprop="duration" content="PT2M29S" /><meta itemprop="description" content="In this episode we discover the possible Celtic roots of some words for sword, hammer and related things in Romance and Slavic languages. The Proto-Celtic word *kladiwos means sword, and comes from Proto-Celtic *kladeti (to stab, dig), from Proto..." /><meta itemprop="contentUrl" content="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/calamitousswords.mp3" /><meta itemprop="contentSize" content="2.7" /><div class="powerpress_player" id="powerpress_player_3377"><audio class="wp-audio-shortcode" id="audio-3761-6" preload="none" style="width: 100%;" controls="controls"><source type="audio/mpeg" src="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/calamitousswords.mp3?_=6" /><a href="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/calamitousswords.mp3">https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/calamitousswords.mp3</a></audio></div></div><p class="powerpress_links powerpress_links_mp3" style="margin-bottom: 1px !important;">Podcast: <a href="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/calamitousswords.mp3" class="powerpress_link_pinw" target="_blank" title="Play in new window" onclick="return powerpress_pinw('https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?powerpress_pinw=3761-podcast');" rel="nofollow">Play in new window</a> | <a href="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/calamitousswords.mp3" class="powerpress_link_d" title="Download" rel="nofollow" download="calamitousswords.mp3">Download</a></p><p>In this episode we discover the possible Celtic roots of some words for <strong>sword</strong>, <strong>hammer</strong> and related things in Romance and Slavic languages.</p> <p><a data-flickr-embed="true" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/squage/26001024422/in/photolist-FBC3Gw-dTyQc-8uREX4-61r772-fCjHAV-22i9dUP-2j8zaaF-fXxpQg-ahqBzA-5kmX2G-eqyNzo-qmWEs4-orWuG-d97GK7-fC5q6Q-4vsims-ivas39-4ktch9-8rShYs-i2WYkb-8rPcHD-2gCdKV2-bsnyGL-5Jdbcy-VDm53d-AiujQB-p2mxSL-27L7HcB-7wQuNL-Tfati-obZmpX-igb8ut-ehBaGr-9UnGWs-bUFnmy-dtDTac-doagYm-b6fHJx-HrGTKQ-9DM3eq-YpPMmy-hoYAkN-b6fGbP-fPzccZ-7ArGfi-G2j2m8-b6fF68-Xp3S13-4gDGVY-b6fGqg" title="Swords"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://live.staticflickr.com/1583/26001024422_76880e9047_z.jpg" width="640" height="427" alt="Swords"/></a><script async src="//embedr.flickr.com/assets/client-code.js" charset="utf-8"></script></p> <p>The Proto-Celtic word <strong>*kladiwos</strong> means sword, and comes from Proto-Celtic <em>*kladeti</em> (to stab, dig), from Proto-Indo-European <em>*kl̥h₂dʰ-é-ti</em>, from <em>*kelh₂-</em> (to beat, strike) [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/kladiwos">source</a>].</p> <p>Related words in the modern Celtic languages include: </p> <ul> <li><strong>claíomh</strong> [kl̪ˠiːvˠ/kl̪ˠiːw] = sword in Irish</li> <li><strong>claidheamh</strong> [kl̪ˠajəv] = sword in Scottish Gaelic</li> <li><strong>cliwe</strong> = sword in Manx</li> <li><strong>cleddyf</strong> [ˈklɛðɨ̞v/ˈkleːðɪv] = sword, blade, brace (<em>on a door or wall</em>) in Welsh</li> <li><strong>kledha</strong> = sword in Cornish</li> <li><strong>kleze</strong> [ˈkleː.ze] = sword, glaive (a light lance with a long, sharp-pointed head) in Breton</li> </ul> <p>For more about words for <strong>sword</strong> and related things in Celtic languages, see the Celtiadur post: <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/celtiadur/2024/12/20/swords-spikes/">Swords & Spikes</a></p> <p>Words directly from the same Proto-Celtic root <em>*kladiwos</em> (sword) include <strong>kladivo</strong> (hammer, gavel) in Croatian, <strong>kladivo</strong> (hammer, sledgehammer) in Czech, <strong>kladivo</strong> (hammer, stamp, maul, hammerhead) in Slovak, <strong>kladivo</strong> (hammer, sledgehammer) in Slovenian [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/kladiwos">source</a>].</p> <p>Words from the same Proto-Celtic root <em>*kladiwos</em> (sword), via Gaulish <em>*kladyos</em> (sword), and Latin <em>gladius</em> (sword, death, a gladiatorial contest), possibly include <strong>gladiator</strong>, <strong>gladiolus</strong> and <strong>glaive</strong> in English, <strong>esglai</strong> (fright) in Catalan, <strong>ghiado</strong> (sword, dagger, knife, frost, cold), and <strong>giaggiolo</strong> (iris [flower]) in Italian, <strong>gládio</strong> (sword, power, strength) in Portuguese and <strong>glaïeul</strong> (gladiolus) in French [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gladius#Latin">source</a>].</p> <p>Words from the same PIE roots include <strong>calamity</strong>, <strong>clade</strong>, <strong>clergy</strong>, <strong>cleric</strong>, <strong>clerk</strong>, <strong>coup</strong>, and <strong>glaive</strong> in English, <strong>коля</strong> (kolja – to slaughter, butcher) in Bulgarian, <strong>kłoda </strong> (log, trunk, beehive, barrel) in Polish, and <strong>Holz</strong> (wood) in German [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kelh%E2%82%82-">source</a>]. </p> <p>Radio Omniglot podcasts are brought to you in association with <a href="https://blubrry.com/services/podcast-hosting/?code=omniglot">Blubrry Podcast Hosting</a>, a great place to host your podcasts. Get your first month free with the promo code <strong>omniglot</strong>.</p> <p><a href="http://www.japanesepod101.com/member/go.php?r=759259&i=b0" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="/images/banners/banner_japanesepod.jpg" alt="The Fastest Way to Learn Japanese Guaranteed with JapanesePod101.com" width="630" height="83"></a></p> <div class="addtoany_share_save_container addtoany_content addtoany_content_bottom"><div class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 addtoany_list" data-a2a-url="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3761" data-a2a-title="Celtic Pathways – Calamitous Swords"><a class="a2a_button_facebook" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/facebook?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.omniglot.com%2Fradio%2F%3Fp%3D3761&linkname=Celtic%20Pathways%20%E2%80%93%20Calamitous%20Swords" title="Facebook" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_twitter" 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rel="category">Celtic Pathways</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=37" rel="category">Cornish (Kernewek)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=202" rel="category">Croatian (hrvatski)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=33" rel="category">Czech (čeština)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=56" rel="category">Etymology</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=23" rel="category">French (français)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=117" rel="category">Gaulish</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=24" rel="category">German (Deutsch)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=6" rel="category">Irish (Gaeilge)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=12" rel="category">Italian (italiano)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=4" rel="category">Language</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=50" rel="category">Latin (Lingua Latina)</a>, <a 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href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3761#respond">Leave a comment</a></span> </footer> </article> <article id="post-3741" class="post-3741 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-celtic-pathways category-cornish category-english category-french category-galician-galego category-gaulish category-irish category-italian category-language category-latin category-music category-podcast category-portuguese category-proto-celtic category-proto-indo-european category-spanish tag-celtic tag-etymology tag-hound tag-language tag-music tag-omniglot tag-podcast tag-sleuth tag-to-follow tag-to-pursue tag-words"> <header class="entry-header"> <h1 class="entry-title"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3741" rel="bookmark">Celtic Pathways – Follow That Hound!</a></h1> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="posted-on"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3741" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date published updated" datetime="2025-01-11T21:42:58+00:00">11th January 2025</time></a></span><span class="byline"> By <span class="author vcard"><a class="url fn n" href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?author=1">Simon</a></span></span> </div> </header> <div class="entry-content"> <div itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/AudioObject"><meta itemprop="name" content="Celtic Pathways &#8211; Follow That Hound!" /><meta itemprop="uploadDate" content="2025-01-11T21:42:58+00:00" /><meta itemprop="encodingFormat" content="audio/mpeg" /><meta itemprop="duration" content="PT1M45S" /><meta itemprop="description" content="In this episode we discover the possible Celtic roots of some words for hound and sleuth in Romance languages. The Proto-Celtic word sekʷetor means to follow, and comes from Proto-Indo-European *sékʷetor (to be following), from *sekʷ- (to follow)..." /><meta itemprop="contentUrl" content="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/followthathound.mp3" /><meta itemprop="contentSize" content="2.5" /><div class="powerpress_player" id="powerpress_player_3378"><audio class="wp-audio-shortcode" id="audio-3741-7" preload="none" style="width: 100%;" controls="controls"><source type="audio/mpeg" src="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/followthathound.mp3?_=7" /><a href="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/followthathound.mp3">https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/followthathound.mp3</a></audio></div></div><p class="powerpress_links powerpress_links_mp3" style="margin-bottom: 1px !important;">Podcast: <a href="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/followthathound.mp3" class="powerpress_link_pinw" target="_blank" title="Play in new window" onclick="return powerpress_pinw('https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?powerpress_pinw=3741-podcast');" rel="nofollow">Play in new window</a> | <a href="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/followthathound.mp3" class="powerpress_link_d" title="Download" rel="nofollow" download="followthathound.mp3">Download</a></p><p>In this episode we discover the possible Celtic roots of some words for <strong>hound</strong> and <strong>sleuth</strong> in Romance languages.</p> <p><a data-flickr-embed="true" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/geoftheref/6313957563/in/photolist-aBWFBi-9UHDwZ-5ZSZqS-5ZSSmN-5ZSYyw-m6da6-5ZNJ7r-kPDPWi-5ZNGGp-oeidih-5ZSXzf-4fYqku-2SV41q-4fX7wq-4fYqho-2gDGFTH-4ufSGn-2hvVUvn-4LNM6B-xpfwrJ-Fshf8-XpW2rM-62HMZo-nvNRfV-8JMz3D-nqnwkE-62HQWG-2jBjpGC-ab9KFe-5anatr-62Dye8-dk73wt-b5oGxK-joGoKY-b5p694-62HLpo-2mhQfgk-62HTeh-bUkp7Z-FBoQHk-hCF2Lg-62DvEk-62Dtmr-8ekUbv-67BkFP-Cie5zd-dk75n1-5arqUY-DGWWum-8dTXvg" title="Hunting Hounds"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://live.staticflickr.com/6216/6313957563_498a7c3975_z.jpg" width="640" height="427" alt="Hunting Hounds"/></a><script async src="//embedr.flickr.com/assets/client-code.js" charset="utf-8"></script></p> <p>The Proto-Celtic word <strong>sekʷetor</strong> means to follow, and comes from Proto-Indo-European <em>*sékʷetor</em> (to be following), from <em>*sekʷ-</em> (to follow) [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/sek%CA%B7etor">source</a>].</p> <p>Related words in the modern Celtic languages include: <strong>seicheamh</strong> (following, taking after, imitating, sequence, progression) and <strong>fosheicheamh</strong> (subsequence) in Irish [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/seicheamh">source</a>], and <strong>sewya</strong> (to follow, result) in Cornish [<a href="https://archive.org/details/lexiconcornubrit00willuoft/page/320/mode/2up">source</a>].</p> <p>For more about words for <strong>(to) follow</strong> and related things in Celtic languages, see the Celtiadur post: <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/celtiadur/2025/01/11/pursuing-followers/">Pursuing Followers</a></p> <p>Words from the same Proto-Celtic root, via Gaulish (?) and Latin <em>segusius</em> (a hunting dog) include: <strong>sabuxo</strong> (hound) in Galician, <strong>segugio</strong> (hound, bloodhound, private eye, sleuth) in Spanish, and <strong>sabujo</strong> (hound, submissive person) in Portuguese [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/sek%CA%B7etor">source</a>].</p> <p>Words from the same PIE roots include: <strong>associate</strong>, <strong>sector</strong>, <strong>sequence</strong>, <strong>society</strong>, <strong>(to) sue</strong>, <strong>suit</strong>, <strong>suite</strong> and <strong>subsequent</strong> in English, <strong>suivre</strong> (to follow) in French, <strong>segno</strong> (sign, mark, indication, target) in Italian, and <strong>seguir</strong> (to follow, continue, keep (on)) in Spanish [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/sek%CA%B7-">source</a>].</p> <p>Radio Omniglot podcasts are brought to you in association with <a href="https://blubrry.com/services/podcast-hosting/?code=omniglot">Blubrry Podcast Hosting</a>, a great place to host your podcasts. Get your first month free with the promo code <strong>omniglot</strong>.</p> <p><a href="http://www.japanesepod101.com/member/go.php?r=759259&i=b0" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="/images/banners/banner_japanesepod.jpg" alt="The Fastest Way to Learn Japanese Guaranteed with JapanesePod101.com" width="630" height="83"></a></p> <div class="addtoany_share_save_container addtoany_content addtoany_content_bottom"><div class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 addtoany_list" data-a2a-url="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3741" data-a2a-title="Celtic Pathways – Follow That Hound!"><a class="a2a_button_facebook" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/facebook?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.omniglot.com%2Fradio%2F%3Fp%3D3741&linkname=Celtic%20Pathways%20%E2%80%93%20Follow%20That%20Hound%21" title="Facebook" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_twitter" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/twitter?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.omniglot.com%2Fradio%2F%3Fp%3D3741&linkname=Celtic%20Pathways%20%E2%80%93%20Follow%20That%20Hound%21" title="Twitter" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_pinterest" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/pinterest?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.omniglot.com%2Fradio%2F%3Fp%3D3741&linkname=Celtic%20Pathways%20%E2%80%93%20Follow%20That%20Hound%21" title="Pinterest" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_dd addtoany_share_save addtoany_share" href="https://www.addtoany.com/share"></a></div></div> </div> <footer class="entry-footer"> <span class="cat-links">Posted in <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=122" rel="category">Celtic Pathways</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=37" rel="category">Cornish (Kernewek)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=20" rel="category">English</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=23" rel="category">French (français)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=143" rel="category">Galician (galego)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=117" rel="category">Gaulish</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=6" rel="category">Irish (Gaeilge)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=12" rel="category">Italian (italiano)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=4" rel="category">Language</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=50" rel="category">Latin (Lingua Latina)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=11" rel="category">Music</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=1" rel="category">Podcast</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=27" rel="category">Portuguese (português)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=94" rel="category">Proto-Celtic</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=59" rel="category">Proto-Indo-European</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=28" rel="category">Spanish (español)</a></span><span class="tags-links">Tagged <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=celtic" rel="tag">celtic</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=etymology" rel="tag">etymology</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=hound" rel="tag">hound</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=language" rel="tag">language</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=music" rel="tag">music</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=omniglot" rel="tag">omniglot</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=podcast" rel="tag">podcast</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=sleuth" rel="tag">sleuth</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=to-follow" rel="tag">to follow</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=to-pursue" rel="tag">to pursue</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=words" rel="tag">words</a></span><span class="comments-link"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3741#comments">1 Comment</a></span> </footer> </article> <article id="post-3730" class="post-3730 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-adventures-in-etymology category-danish category-dutch category-english category-etymology category-french category-icelandic category-italian category-language category-middle-english category-music category-old-english-aenglisc category-old-norse-dnsk-tunga category-podcast category-proto-germanic category-proto-indo-european category-proto-west-germanic category-swedish tag-etymology tag-feather tag-language tag-linguistics tag-music tag-omniglot tag-podcast tag-wind tag-wing tag-words"> <header class="entry-header"> <h1 class="entry-title"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3730" rel="bookmark">Adventures in Etymology – Windy Wings</a></h1> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="posted-on"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3730" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2025-01-04T14:58:02+00:00">4th January 2025</time><time class="updated" datetime="2025-01-04T14:58:24+00:00">4th January 2025</time></a></span><span class="byline"> By <span class="author vcard"><a class="url fn n" href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?author=1">Simon</a></span></span> </div> </header> <div class="entry-content"> <div itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/AudioObject"><meta itemprop="name" content="Adventures in Etymology &#8211; Windy Wings" /><meta itemprop="uploadDate" content="2025-01-04T14:58:02+00:00" /><meta itemprop="encodingFormat" content="audio/mpeg" /><meta itemprop="duration" content="PT2M12S" /><meta itemprop="description" content="In this Adventure in Etymology, we find connections between the words wing, wind and feather. A wing [wɪŋ] is: An appendage of an animal's (bird, bat, insect) body that enables it to fly. A fin at the side of a ray or similar fish. Part of an a..." /><meta itemprop="contentUrl" content="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/etymology/windywings.mp3" /><meta itemprop="contentSize" content="2.4" /><div class="powerpress_player" id="powerpress_player_3379"><audio class="wp-audio-shortcode" id="audio-3730-8" preload="none" style="width: 100%;" controls="controls"><source type="audio/mpeg" src="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/etymology/windywings.mp3?_=8" /><a href="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/etymology/windywings.mp3">https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/etymology/windywings.mp3</a></audio></div></div><p class="powerpress_links powerpress_links_mp3" style="margin-bottom: 1px !important;">Podcast: <a href="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/etymology/windywings.mp3" class="powerpress_link_pinw" target="_blank" title="Play in new window" onclick="return powerpress_pinw('https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?powerpress_pinw=3730-podcast');" rel="nofollow">Play in new window</a> | <a href="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/etymology/windywings.mp3" class="powerpress_link_d" title="Download" rel="nofollow" download="windywings.mp3">Download</a></p><p>In this Adventure in Etymology, we find connections between the words <strong>wing</strong>, <strong>wind</strong> and <strong>feather</strong>.</p> <p><a data-flickr-embed="true" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/aarmo/43739697352/in/photolist-29D8o9Y-6VkBMq-24gxYB9-27x3Zc7-26yqaN8-22qs5vq-25zc2fz-EPZf95-GykLfF-24NWFJ8-p2qrAe-RAknTL-QReFRo-Ya8n6W-26bRva1-2982LzU-6xSCwA-DZtvgM-neUfHa-6VkC77-2aHC8TL-GHaXWd-K2RNk4-dwJdMz-ZGbNXY-CjUv2F-TMi62M-zTCDyU-y3BbWG-25nkvND-5XneGT-jd3FS-FFsCuy-6VkzJo-EBH769-xaMNZd-23xk2qX-9gbvri-GC6kK3-UJZTDx-ZvFnur-ZJGHau-b58mYi-CsQqHu-CYXHH8-rfV3Yt-22Wiabv-24gK8Kh-qoXWgx-rFh1Uy" title="Soaring gull"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://live.staticflickr.com/1835/43739697352_47ae802f71_z.jpg" width="640" height="427" alt="Soaring gull"/></a><script async src="//embedr.flickr.com/assets/client-code.js" charset="utf-8"></script></p> <p>A <strong>wing</strong> [wɪŋ] is:</p> <ul> <li>An appendage of an animal’s (bird, bat, insect) body that enables it to fly. </li> <li>A fin at the side of a ray or similar fish.</li> <li>Part of an aircraft that produces the lift for rising into the air. <em>(other meanings are available</em>)</li> </ul> <p>It comes from Middle English <em>winge / wenge</em> [ˈwinɡ(ə) / ˈwɛnɡ(ə)] (wing, flank of an army, shelter, refuge), from Old Norse <em>vængr</em> [ˈwɛ̃ːŋɡr̩] (wing), possibly from Proto-Germanic <em>*wēingijaz</em>, from Proto-Indo-European <em>*h₂weh₁-</em> (to blow) [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/wing#English">source</a>].</p> <p>Words from the same Old Norse root include <strong>vinge</strong> (wing) in Danish, <strong>vængur</strong> (wing) in Icelandic, and <strong>vinge</strong> (wing) in Swedish [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/v%C3%A6ngr#Old_Norse">source</a>].</p> <p>Words from the same PIE root possibly include <strong>aeroplane</strong>, <strong>athlete</strong>, <strong>fan</strong>, <strong>vent</strong>, and <strong>weather</strong> in English, <strong>waaien</strong> (to blow, be windy, wave) in Dutch, <strong>vento</strong> (wind) Italian, and <strong>vent</strong> (wind, flatulence, empty words) in French [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h%E2%82%82weh%E2%82%81-">source</a>].</p> <p>The English word <strong>wind</strong> [wɪnd] also comes from the same roots, via Middle English <em>wynd / wind</em> [wi(ː)nd] (wind), from Old English <em>wind</em> [wind] (wind, flatulence), from Proto-West-Germanic <em>*wind</em> (wind from Proto-Germanic <em>*windaz</em> [ˈwin.dɑz] (wind) from Proto-Indo-European <em>h₂wéh₁n̥ts</em> (blowing, that which blows, air, wind), from <em>*h₂weh₁-</em> (to blow) [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/wind#English">source</a>].</p> <p>Incidentally, ityn Old Englsh, a word for <strong>wing</strong> was <em>fiþre</em> [ˈfiθ.re], which was displaced by the Old Norse <em>vængr</em> (wing). It comes from Proto-Germanic <em>*fiþriją</em> [ɸi.θri.jɑ̃] (feathers, plummage, wing) from Proto-Indo-European <em>*péth₂r̥ / pth₂én-</em> (wing, feather), from <em>*peth₂-</em> (to fly). It became em>feþer / fether</em> (feather) in Middle English, and <strong>feather</strong> in modern English. [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/fi%C3%BEre#Old_English">source</a>].</p> <p>By the way, Happy New Year! Blwyddyn newydd dda! Bonne année ! ¡Feliz Año Nuevo! 新年快樂！新年快乐！ Felice anno nuovo! 新年おめでとうございます! Bliain úr faoi shéan is faoi mhaise duit! Bliadhna mhath ùr! Blein Vie Noa! Ein gutes neues Jahr! Feliĉan novan jaron! Поздравляю с Новым Годом! Šťastný nový rok! Godt nytår! Gott nytt år! La Mulți Ani! 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Get your first month free with the promo code <strong>omniglot</strong>.</p> <p><a href="http://www.japanesepod101.com/member/go.php?r=759259&i=b0" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://www.omniglot.com/images/banners/banner_japanesepod.jpg" alt="The Fastest Way to Learn Japanese Guaranteed with JapanesePod101.com" width="630" height="83"></a></p> <p>I also write about words, etymology and other language-related topics on the <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/">Omniglot Blog</a>, and I explore etymological connections between Celtic languages on the <a href="http://www.omniglot.com/celtiadur/">Celtiadur</a> blog.</p> <div align="center"><a href="http://my.kualo.com/uk/go/00572" target="_blank"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://cdn.kualo.com/rewards/uk-unlimited-728x90.gif" width="728" height="90" border="0" alt="Unlimited Web Hosting - Kualo"/></a></div> <div class="addtoany_share_save_container addtoany_content addtoany_content_bottom"><div class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 addtoany_list" data-a2a-url="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3730" data-a2a-title="Adventures in Etymology – Windy Wings"><a class="a2a_button_facebook" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/facebook?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.omniglot.com%2Fradio%2F%3Fp%3D3730&linkname=Adventures%20in%20Etymology%20%E2%80%93%20Windy%20Wings" title="Facebook" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_twitter" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/twitter?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.omniglot.com%2Fradio%2F%3Fp%3D3730&linkname=Adventures%20in%20Etymology%20%E2%80%93%20Windy%20Wings" title="Twitter" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_pinterest" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/pinterest?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.omniglot.com%2Fradio%2F%3Fp%3D3730&linkname=Adventures%20in%20Etymology%20%E2%80%93%20Windy%20Wings" title="Pinterest" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_dd addtoany_share_save addtoany_share" href="https://www.addtoany.com/share"></a></div></div> </div> <footer class="entry-footer"> <span class="cat-links">Posted in <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=98" rel="category">Adventures in Etymology</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=31" rel="category">Danish (dansk)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=47" rel="category">Dutch (Nederlands)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=20" rel="category">English</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=56" rel="category">Etymology</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=23" rel="category">French (français)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=29" rel="category">Icelandic (Íslenska)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=12" rel="category">Italian (italiano)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=4" rel="category">Language</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=58" rel="category">Middle English (Englisch)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=11" rel="category">Music</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=55" rel="category">Old English (Ænglisc)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=64" rel="category">Old Norse (Dǫnsk tunga)</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=1" rel="category">Podcast</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=57" rel="category">Proto-Germanic</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=59" rel="category">Proto-Indo-European</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=119" rel="category">Proto-West-Germanic</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?cat=30" rel="category">Swedish (svenska)</a></span><span class="tags-links">Tagged <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=etymology" rel="tag">etymology</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=feather" rel="tag">feather</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=language" rel="tag">language</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=linguistics" rel="tag">linguistics</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=music" rel="tag">music</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=omniglot" rel="tag">omniglot</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=podcast" rel="tag">podcast</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=wind" rel="tag">wind</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=wing" rel="tag">wing</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=words" rel="tag">words</a></span><span class="comments-link"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3730#respond">Leave a comment</a></span> </footer> </article> <article id="post-3707" class="post-3707 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-breton category-celtic-pathways category-cimbrian-tzimbrisch category-cornish category-danish category-french category-gaulish category-german category-irish category-italian category-language category-latin category-manx category-music category-podcast category-proto-celtic category-proto-indo-european category-scottish-gaelic category-welsh tag-bro tag-broch tag-brugh tag-celtic tag-etymology tag-gaelic tag-language tag-linguistics tag-music tag-omniglot tag-pathways tag-podcast"> <header class="entry-header"> <h1 class="entry-title"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3707" rel="bookmark">Celtic Pathways – Country Gardens</a></h1> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="posted-on"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3707" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date published updated" datetime="2024-12-08T15:03:50+00:00">8th December 2024</time></a></span><span class="byline"> By <span class="author vcard"><a class="url fn n" href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?author=1">Simon</a></span></span> </div> </header> <div class="entry-content"> <div itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/AudioObject"><meta itemprop="name" content="Celtic Pathways &#8211; Country Gardens" /><meta itemprop="uploadDate" content="2024-12-08T15:03:50+00:00" /><meta itemprop="encodingFormat" content="audio/mpeg" /><meta itemprop="duration" content="PT2M09S" /><meta itemprop="description" content="In this episode we uncover links between words for country and land in Celtic languages, and words for garden, wood and related things in other languages. Bodnant Garden / Gardd Bodnant The Proto-Celtic word *mrogis means border(land), march, mar..." /><meta itemprop="contentUrl" content="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/countrygardens.mp3" /><meta itemprop="contentSize" content="1.8" /><div class="powerpress_player" id="powerpress_player_3380"><audio class="wp-audio-shortcode" id="audio-3707-9" preload="none" style="width: 100%;" controls="controls"><source type="audio/mpeg" src="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/countrygardens.mp3?_=9" /><a href="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/countrygardens.mp3">https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/countrygardens.mp3</a></audio></div></div><p class="powerpress_links powerpress_links_mp3" style="margin-bottom: 1px !important;">Podcast: <a href="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/countrygardens.mp3" class="powerpress_link_pinw" target="_blank" title="Play in new window" onclick="return powerpress_pinw('https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?powerpress_pinw=3707-podcast');" rel="nofollow">Play in new window</a> | <a href="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/celticpathways/countrygardens.mp3" class="powerpress_link_d" title="Download" rel="nofollow" download="countrygardens.mp3">Download</a></p><p>In this episode we uncover links between words for <strong>country</strong> and <strong>land</strong> in Celtic languages, and words for <strong>garden</strong>, <strong>wood</strong> and related things in other languages.</p> <p><a data-flickr-embed="true" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/omniglot/27480012075/in/album-72157680530437275" title="Bodnant"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://live.staticflickr.com/7447/27480012075_d092212376_z.jpg" width="640" height="360" alt="Bodnant"/></a><script async src="//embedr.flickr.com/assets/client-code.js" charset="utf-8"></script><br /> <em>Bodnant Garden / Gardd Bodnant </em></p> <p>The Proto-Celtic word <strong>*mrogis</strong> means border(land), march, mark, region, country, territory or province, and comes from Proto-Indo-European <em>*mórǵs</em> (frontier, border) [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/mrogis">source</a>]</p> <p>Related words in the modern Celtic languages include:</p> <ul> <li><strong>brugh</strong> = dwelling, mansion in Irish</li> <li><strong>brugh</strong> [bruh] = broch (a type of Iron Age stone tower with hollow double-layered walls – see below), fortified tower, large house, mansion, fairy mound in Scottish Gaelic</li> <li><strong>brogh</strong> = broch in Manx</li> <li><strong>bro</strong> [broː] = region, country, land, neighbourhood, border, limit, boundary in Welsh</li> <li><strong>bro</strong> = country, land in Cornish</li> <li><strong>bro</strong> [broː] = counry(-side) in Breton</li> </ul> <p>For more about words for <strong>border</strong>, <strong>land</strong>, <strong>country</strong> and related things in Celtic languages, see the Celtiadur post: <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/celtiadur/2023/01/25/region-and-country/">Region and Country</a></p> <p><a data-flickr-embed="true" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/duncan/2275224652/in/photolist-4t482f-4tNDxn-4tSGh1-Gb1qbP-4KRvsQ-538mci-8XUDm5-5hbALx-8XRDgX-8XUHK1-5hbCix-d1uEMA-8xWZjV-8xQixU-5hbEbX-ajcVDM-d1uFDq-Ks2p7U-8XRDJD-d1uFdj-9nVPBx-8wfw2c-95SGNF-b4tChZ-95TDbT-jZCWc-9nVPBD-5Tfu18-jZDop-ajBp4N-8XV7to-qvijq-FZJfJz-Pto-Ptm-KwpnGf-qJBPzW-P3Mz9m-8Vu8e4-799eNm-8WjM3X-795Eht-8WjLNB-2gk1xph-8WjLW2-qviha-LzBxNk-pVQ94V-qvihZ-9srkUN" title="Mousa Broch"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://live.staticflickr.com/2092/2275224652_5374218295_z.jpg" width="640" height="480" alt="Mousa Broch"/></a><script async src="//embedr.flickr.com/assets/client-code.js" charset="utf-8"></script></p> <p>Words from the same Proto-Celtic root, via Gaulish <em>*brogis</em> and Latin <em>brogi-/broges</em>, include <strong>brolo</strong> (vegetable garden, orchard, grove) in Italian, and <strong>breuil</strong> (wood, copse, coppice) in French, <strong>bröol</strong> (a lawn or vegetable garden surrounding house) in Cimbrian, and <strong>Brühl</strong> (enclosed land, (wet/swampy) meadow) in German (<em>found mainly in place names</em>).</p> <p>Words from the same PIE root include <strong>margin</strong>, and <strong>march</strong> (a border region; formal, rhythmic way of walking) in English, and <strong>marge</strong> (margin, markup) in French, <strong>marca</strong> (brand, make, trademark) in Italian [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/margo#Latin">source</a>], <strong>Mark</strong> (a fortified border area, marches) in German, and <strong>mark</strong> (field) in Danish, as in <strong>Denmark</strong> [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/mark%C5%8D">source</a>].</p> <p>Radio Omniglot podcasts are brought to you in association with <a href="https://blubrry.com/services/podcast-hosting/?code=omniglot">Blubrry Podcast Hosting</a>, a great place to host your podcasts. Get your first month free with the promo code <strong>omniglot</strong>.</p> <p><a href="http://www.japanesepod101.com/member/go.php?r=759259&i=b0" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="/images/banners/banner_japanesepod.jpg" alt="The Fastest Way to Learn Japanese Guaranteed with JapanesePod101.com" width="630" height="83"></a></p> <div class="addtoany_share_save_container addtoany_content addtoany_content_bottom"><div class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 addtoany_list" data-a2a-url="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3707" data-a2a-title="Celtic Pathways – Country Gardens"><a class="a2a_button_facebook" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/facebook?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.omniglot.com%2Fradio%2F%3Fp%3D3707&linkname=Celtic%20Pathways%20%E2%80%93%20Country%20Gardens" title="Facebook" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_twitter" 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rel="tag">music</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=omniglot" rel="tag">omniglot</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=pathways" rel="tag">pathways</a>, <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?tag=podcast" rel="tag">podcast</a></span><span class="comments-link"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3707#respond">Leave a comment</a></span> </footer> </article> <article id="post-3693" class="post-3693 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-adventures-in-etymology category-anglo-norman-norman category-english category-etymology category-french category-italian category-language category-latin category-middle-english category-music category-old-french-franceis category-podcast category-portuguese category-proto-indo-european category-spanish tag-etymology tag-language tag-manoeuvre tag-manure tag-office tag-omniglot tag-opera tag-opus tag-podcast tag-words"> <header class="entry-header"> <h1 class="entry-title"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3693" rel="bookmark">Adventures in Etymology – Office Opus</a></h1> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="posted-on"><a href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?p=3693" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-30T15:26:31+00:00">30th November 2024</time><time class="updated" datetime="2024-11-30T17:52:00+00:00">30th November 2024</time></a></span><span class="byline"> By <span class="author vcard"><a class="url fn n" href="https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?author=1">Simon</a></span></span> </div> </header> <div class="entry-content"> <div itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/AudioObject"><meta itemprop="name" content="Adventures in Etymology &#8211; Office Opus" /><meta itemprop="uploadDate" content="2024-11-30T15:26:31+00:00" /><meta itemprop="encodingFormat" content="audio/mpeg" /><meta itemprop="duration" content="PT2M06S" /><meta itemprop="description" content="In this Adventure in Etymology, we find connections between the word office and words like copy, manure, opera, opulence and opus. My garden office / studio An office [ˈɒfɪs/ˈɔfɪs] is: A room, set of rooms, or building used for non-manual work. ..." /><meta itemprop="contentUrl" content="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/etymology/officeopus.mp3" /><meta itemprop="contentSize" content="2.2" /><div class="powerpress_player" id="powerpress_player_3381"><audio class="wp-audio-shortcode" id="audio-3693-10" preload="none" style="width: 100%;" controls="controls"><source type="audio/mpeg" src="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/etymology/officeopus.mp3?_=10" /><a href="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/etymology/officeopus.mp3">https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/etymology/officeopus.mp3</a></audio></div></div><p class="powerpress_links powerpress_links_mp3" style="margin-bottom: 1px !important;">Podcast: <a href="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/etymology/officeopus.mp3" class="powerpress_link_pinw" target="_blank" title="Play in new window" onclick="return powerpress_pinw('https://www.omniglot.com/radio/?powerpress_pinw=3693-podcast');" rel="nofollow">Play in new window</a> | <a href="https://media.blubrry.com/radio_omniglot/www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/etymology/officeopus.mp3" class="powerpress_link_d" title="Download" rel="nofollow" download="officeopus.mp3">Download</a></p><p>In this Adventure in Etymology, we find connections between the word <strong>office</strong> and words like <strong>copy</strong>, <strong>manure</strong>, <strong>opera</strong>, <strong>opulence</strong> and <strong>opus</strong>.</p> <p><a data-flickr-embed="true" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/omniglot/52448293264/in/photolist-G8UqET-R3Jmsx-Rwemuv-SQN5q4-2dqjGJF-2kUZ1k9-2kV4yd5-2mHovnM-2n1LRao-2nUDPBb-2nUFdjm-2nVWRaM-2pyR1V7-2pPM7rw" title="My studio / office"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://live.staticflickr.com/65535/52448293264_9920ba4222_z.jpg" width="640" height="361" alt="My studio / office"/></a><script async src="//embedr.flickr.com/assets/client-code.js" charset="utf-8"></script><br /> <em>My garden office / studio</em></p> <p>An <strong>office</strong> [ˈɒfɪs/ˈɔfɪs] is:</p> <ul> <li>A room, set of rooms, or building used for non-manual work.</li> <li>A position of responsibility.</li> <li>An official position, particularly high employment within government.<br /> <em>(other meanings are available</em>)</li> </ul> <p>It comes from Middle English <em>office</em> [ɔˈfiːs(ə)] (employment, occupation, obligation), from Old French <em>office</em> (office, job, service), from Latin <em>officium</em> (duty, service, office, obligation) from <em>opificium</em> (work), from <em>opifex</em> (someone who does [creative / constructive] work) from <em>opus</em> (work), from PIE <em>*h₃ep-</em> (to work, toil, make, ability) [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/office#English">source</a>].</p> <p>Words from the same roots include <strong>copy</strong>, <strong>manure</strong>, <strong>opera</strong>, <strong>operate</strong>, <strong>opulence</strong> and <strong>opus</strong> (a work of music or art) in English; <strong>usine</strong> (factory) in French; <strong>ofício</strong> (craft, trade, profession) in Portuguese; <strong>oficina</strong> (office, workshop, laboratory) in Spanish, and <strong>ufficio</strong> (office) and <strong>officina</strong> (workshop, laboratory) in Italian [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h%E2%82%83ep-">source</a>].</p> <p>Hang on, <strong>manure</strong>? It comes from Middle English <em>maynouren</em> (to supervise, reign, exercise one’s authority), from Anglo-Norman <em>meinourer</em>, from Old French <em>manouvrer</em> (to work, make, create), from Vulgar Latin <em>*manuoperare</em> (to work by hand), from Latin <em>manū</em> (by hand) and <em>operārī</em> (to work). The word <strong>manoeuvre</strong> comes from the same roots [<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/manure#English">source</a>].</p> <p>You can also listen to this podcast on: <a href="https://podcasts.apple.com/gb/podcast/radio-omniglot/id1432641094">Apple Podcasts</a>, <a href="https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/8b1b1d1b-b39e-4277-b28d-479a3b5043b3/radio-omniglot">Amazon Music</a>, <a href="https://tunein.com/podcasts/Education-Podcasts/Radio-Omniglot-p1154145/">TuneIn</a>, <a href="https://www.podchaser.com/podcasts/radio-omniglot-716327">Podchaser</a>, <a href="<a href="https://podbay.fm/p/radio-omniglot">Podbay</a> or <a href="https://podtail.com/da/podcast/radio-omniglot/">Podtail</a> and other pod places.</p> <p>If you would like to support this podcast, you can make a donation via <a href="https://www.paypal.com/uk/cgi-bin/webscr?cmd=_flow&SESSION=aLjPfXL-vP_1gQ_U23Iz8_hSWLlhzLHPMFZrt32dIEfG8htoNFLYaPoWkv8&dispatch=5885d80a13c0db1f8e263663d3faee8def8934b92a630e40b7fef61ab7e9fe63">PayPal</a> or <a href="https://www.patreon.com/omniglot">Patreon</a>, or <a href="http://www.omniglot.com/donations.htm">contribute to Omniglot in other ways</a>.</p> <p>Radio Omniglot podcasts are brought to you in association with <a href="https://blubrry.com/services/podcast-hosting/?code=omniglot">Blubrry Podcast Hosting</a>, a great place to host your podcasts. Get your first month free with the promo code <strong>omniglot</strong>.</p> <p><a href="http://www.japanesepod101.com/member/go.php?r=759259&i=b0" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://www.omniglot.com/images/banners/banner_japanesepod.jpg" alt="The Fastest Way to Learn Japanese Guaranteed with JapanesePod101.com" width="630" height="83"></a></p> <p>I also write about words, etymology and other language-related topics on the <a href="https://www.omniglot.com/bloggle/">Omniglot Blog</a>, and I explore etymological connections between Celtic languages on the <a href="http://www.omniglot.com/celtiadur/">Celtiadur</a> blog.</p> <div align="center"><a href="http://my.kualo.com/uk/go/00572" target="_blank"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://cdn.kualo.com/rewards/uk-unlimited-728x90.gif" width="728" height="90" border="0" alt="Unlimited Web Hosting - Kualo"/></a></div> <div class="addtoany_share_save_container addtoany_content 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