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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="font-size:100%; padding: 0px;"><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center; padding-right: 3em; font-weight: normal; text-align: left">You can help <b>expand this article with text translated from <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%86" class="extiw" title="zh:中国大陆">the corresponding article</a> in Chinese</b>. <i><small>(May 2022)</small></i> <small>Click [show] for important translation instructions.</small></div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"> <li>Machine translation, like <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://deepl.com">DeepL</a> or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/">Google Translate</a>, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia.</li> <li>Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.</li> <li>You <b>must</b> provide <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Copying_within_Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia:Copying within Wikipedia">copyright attribution</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Help:Edit_summary" title="Help:Edit summary">edit summary</a> accompanying your translation by providing an <a href="/wiki/Help:Interlanguage_links" title="Help:Interlanguage links">interlanguage link</a> to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is <code>Content in this edit is translated from the existing Chinese Wikipedia article at [[:zh:中国大陆]]; see its history for attribution.</code></li> <li>You may also add the template <code>{{Translated|zh|中国大陆}}</code> to the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Mainland_China" title="Talk:Mainland China">talk page</a>.</li> <li>For more guidance, see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Translation" title="Wikipedia:Translation">Wikipedia:Translation</a>.</li></ul></div></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043282317">.mw-parser-output .ib-country{border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country td,.mw-parser-output .ib-country th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-full-data{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-header{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.2}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-names{padding-top:0.25em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-name-style{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-image{padding:0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-anthem{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding-top:0.5em;margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-largest,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-lang{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-ethnic,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-religion,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-sovereignty{font-weight:normal;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li2{text-indent:0.5em;margin-left:1em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-website{line-height:11pt}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption3{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn{text-align:left;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style><p>"<b>Mainland China</b>", also referred to as "<b>the Chinese mainland</b>", is a <a href="/wiki/Geopolitics" title="Geopolitics">geopolitical</a> term defined as the territory under direct administration of the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Republic of China">People's Republic of China</a> (PRC) in the aftermath of the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Civil_War" title="Chinese Civil War">Chinese Civil War</a>. In addition to the geographical mainland, the geopolitical sense of the term includes islands such as <a href="/wiki/Hainan" title="Hainan">Hainan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chongming_Island" title="Chongming Island">Chongming</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Zhoushan" title="Zhoushan">Zhoushan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By convention, territories outside of mainland China include: </p><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Special_administrative_regions" class="mw-redirect" title="Special administrative regions">Special administrative regions</a> of the PRC, which are regarded as subdivisions of the country, but retain distinct administrative, judicial and economic systems from those on the mainland:<sup id="cite_ref-:2_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a>, formerly a <a href="/wiki/British_Hong_Kong" title="British Hong Kong">British colony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Macau</a>, formerly a <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Macau" title="Portuguese Macau">Portuguese colony</a></li></ul></li> <li>Territories administered by the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of China">Republic of China</a> (ROC), including the island of Taiwan and the <a href="/wiki/Penghu" title="Penghu">Penghu</a> islands in the <a href="/wiki/Taiwan_Strait" title="Taiwan Strait">Taiwan Strait</a>, along with the <a href="/wiki/Kinmen" title="Kinmen">Kinmen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Matsu_Islands" title="Matsu Islands">Matsu</a> islands off the coast of <a href="/wiki/Fujian" title="Fujian">Fujian</a>.</li></ul><table class="infobox ib-country vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"><div class="fn org country-name">Mainland China</div><div class="ib-country-names"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">中国大陆</span></span> / <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">中國大陸</span></span><sup id="cite_ref-word1_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-word1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>I<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:MainlandChina.png" class="mw-file-description" title="The geopolitical term "mainland China" (the highlighted area as shown above) defined as territories under direct administration of the People's Republic of China, including islands of Hainan and Zhoushan etc."><img alt="The geopolitical term "mainland China" (the highlighted area as shown above) defined as territories under direct administration of the People's Republic of China, including islands of Hainan and Zhoushan etc." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/MainlandChina.png/250px-MainlandChina.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="480" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/MainlandChina.png/375px-MainlandChina.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/MainlandChina.png/500px-MainlandChina.png 2x" data-file-width="658" data-file-height="1264"></a></span><div class="ib-country-map-caption">The geopolitical term "mainland China" (the highlighted area as shown above) defined as territories under direct administration of the People's Republic of China, including islands of <a href="/wiki/Hainan" title="Hainan">Hainan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zhoushan" title="Zhoushan">Zhoushan</a> etc.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Largest cities</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Beijing" title="Beijing">Beijing</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Chongqing" title="Chongqing">Chongqing</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Tianjin" title="Tianjin">Tianjin</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Guangzhou</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Shenzhen" title="Shenzhen">Shenzhen</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Official language</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Chinese</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic group">Ethnic groups</a> <div class="ib-country-ethnic"></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>see <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic groups in China">Ethnic groups in China</a></i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_people" title="Chinese people">Chinese</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_China" title="Geography of China">Area </a></th></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">9,596,961 km<sup>2</sup> (3,705,407 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_China" title="Demographics of China">Population</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• 2019 census</div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,400,050,000</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Density</div></th><td class="infobox-data">147/km<sup>2</sup> (380.7/sq mi)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Currency</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Renminbi" title="Renminbi">Renminbi</a> (RMB)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Time zone</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Coordinated_Universal_Time" title="Coordinated Universal Time">UTC</a>+8</span> (<a href="/wiki/Time_in_China" title="Time in China">China Standard Time</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Left-_and_right-hand_traffic" title="Left- and right-hand traffic">Drives on</a></th><td class="infobox-data">right</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_China" title="Telephone numbers in China">Calling code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/%2B86" class="mw-redirect" title="+86">+86</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:CN" title="ISO 3166-2:CN">CN</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Country_code_top-level_domain" title="Country code top-level domain">Internet TLD</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/.cn" title=".cn">.cn</a></li><li><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans"><a href="/wiki/.%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title=".中国">.中国</a></span></span></li><li><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant"><a href="/wiki/.%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title=".中國">.中國</a></span></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Today part of</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Republic of China">People's Republic of China</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="color: #202122;background-color:#b0c4de">Mainland China</th></tr><tr style="display:none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Simplified Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans" style="font-size: 1rem;"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%86" class="extiw" title="wikt:中国大陆">中国大陆</a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Traditional Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant" style="font-size: 1rem;"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%B8" class="extiw" title="wikt:中國大陸">中國大陸</a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;">Literal meaning</th><td class="infobox-data">Continental China</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Zhōnggúo Dàlù</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Bopomofo" title="Bopomofo">Bopomofo</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">ㄓㄨㄥㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄉㄚˋ ㄌㄨˋ</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Spelling_in_Gwoyeu_Romatzyh" title="Spelling in Gwoyeu Romatzyh">Gwoyeu Romatzyh</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Jonggwo Dahluh</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Chung¹-Kuo² Ta⁴-lu⁴</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Tongyong_Pinyin" title="Tongyong Pinyin">Tongyong Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Jhonggúo Dàlù</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Mandarin_Phonetic_Symbols_II" title="Mandarin Phonetic Symbols II">MPS2</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Jūng-gúo Dà-lù</span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Wu_Chinese" title="Wu Chinese">Wu</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Wu_Chinese" title="Romanization of Wu Chinese">Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Wu Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="wuu-Latn">tson<sup>平</sup> koh<sup>入</sup> du<sup>去</sup> loh<sup>入</sup></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Yue: Cantonese</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Yale_romanization_of_Cantonese" title="Yale romanization of Cantonese">Yale Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn">Jūnggwok Daaihluhk</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Jyutping" title="Jyutping">Jyutping</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn">zung<sup>1</sup> gwok<sup>3</sup> daai<sup>6</sup> luk<sup>6</sup></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Min" title="Southern Min">Southern Min</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hokkien" title="Hokkien">Hokkien</a> <a href="/wiki/Pe%CC%8Dh-%C5%8De-j%C4%AB" title="Pe̍h-ōe-jī">POJ</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Min Nan Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="nan-Latn">Tiong-kok Tāi-lio̍k</span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Min" title="Eastern Min">Eastern Min</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Fuzhou_dialect" title="Fuzhou dialect">Fuzhou</a> <a href="/wiki/Foochow_Romanized" class="mw-redirect" title="Foochow Romanized">BUC</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Min Dong Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="cdo-Latn">Dṳ̆ng-guók Dâi-lṳ̆k</span></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de;">Alternative Chinese name</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Simplified Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans" style="font-size: 1rem;"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD" class="extiw" title="wikt:中国">中国</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%86%85" class="extiw" title="wikt:内">内</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%9C%B0" class="extiw" title="wikt:地">地</a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Traditional Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant" style="font-size: 1rem;"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B" class="extiw" title="wikt:中國">中國</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%85%A7" class="extiw" title="wikt:內">內</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%9C%B0" class="extiw" title="wikt:地">地</a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;">Literal meaning</th><td class="infobox-data">Inland China</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Zhōnggúo Nèidì</span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Wu_Chinese" title="Wu Chinese">Wu</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Wu_Chinese" title="Romanization of Wu Chinese">Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Wu Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="wuu-Latn">tson<sup>平</sup> koh<sup>入</sup> ne<sup>去</sup> di<sup>去</sup></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Yue: Cantonese</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Yale_romanization_of_Cantonese" title="Yale romanization of Cantonese">Yale Romanization</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn">Jūnggwok Noihdeih</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Jyutping" title="Jyutping">Jyutping</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Yue Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="yue-Latn">zung<sup>1</sup> gwok<sup>3</sup> noi<sup>6</sup> dei<sup>6</sup></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Min" title="Southern Min">Southern Min</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hokkien" title="Hokkien">Hokkien</a> <a href="/wiki/Pe%CC%8Dh-%C5%8De-j%C4%AB" title="Pe̍h-ōe-jī">POJ</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Min Nan Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="nan-Latn">Tiong-kok lōe-tē / lōe-tōe</span></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de;">Mainland Area of the Republic of China</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Simplified Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans" style="font-size: 1rem;">中华民国大陆地区</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Traditional Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant" style="font-size: 1rem;">中華民國大陸地區</span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="display:inline-table; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left;color: #202122; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Zhōnghuá Mínguó Dàlù Dìqū</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Wade%E2%80%93Giles" title="Wade–Giles">Wade–Giles</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Chinese-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="zh-Latn">Chung-hua min-kuo ta-lu ti-ch'ü</span></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In Taiwan it is also often used to refer to all territories administered by the PRC.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The term is widely used in all of the above territories as well as internationally, including by many <a href="/wiki/Overseas_Chinese" title="Overseas Chinese">Overseas Chinese</a> communities. </p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Background"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Background</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Political_use"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Political use</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#People's_Republic_of_China"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">People's Republic of China</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Hong_Kong_and_Macau"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Hong Kong and Macau</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Taiwan_(Republic_of_China)"><span class="tocnumber">2.3</span> <span class="toctext">Taiwan (Republic of China)</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#Other_terms"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Other terms</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#Notes"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Notes</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#Citations"><span class="tocnumber">6.1</span> <span class="toctext">Citations</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="#Sources"><span class="tocnumber">6.2</span> <span class="toctext">Sources</span></a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Mainland_China&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <p>In 1949, the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Chinese Communist Party">Chinese Communist Party</a> (CCP) and the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army" title="People's Liberation Army">People's Liberation Army</a> had largely defeated the <a href="/wiki/Kuomintang" title="Kuomintang">Kuomintang</a> (KMT)'s <a href="/wiki/National_Revolutionary_Army" title="National Revolutionary Army">National Revolutionary Army</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Civil_War" title="Chinese Civil War">Chinese Civil War</a>. This forced the Kuomintang to relocate the government and institution of the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_China_(1912%E2%80%931949)" title="Republic of China (1912–1949)">Republic of China</a> to the relative safety of <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Taiwan" title="Geography of Taiwan">Taiwan</a>, an island which was <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_San_Francisco#Fate_of_Taiwan_and_other_Japanese_overseas_territories" title="Treaty of San Francisco">placed under its control</a> after the <a href="/wiki/Surrender_of_Japan" title="Surrender of Japan">surrender of Japan</a> at the end of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> in 1945. With the establishment of the People's Republic of China on October 1, 1949, the CCP-controlled government saw itself as the sole legitimate government of China,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> competing with the claims of the Republic of China, whose authority is now limited to <a href="/wiki/Free_Area_of_the_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Free Area of the Republic of China">Taiwan and other islands</a>. This resulted in a situation in which <a href="/wiki/Two_Chinas" title="Two Chinas">two co-existing governments</a> competed for <a href="/wiki/China_and_the_United_Nations" title="China and the United Nations">international legitimacy and recognition</a> as the "government of China". With the democratisation of Taiwan in the 1990s and the rise of the <a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_independence" class="mw-redirect" title="Taiwanese independence">Taiwanese independence</a> movement, some people began simply using the term "China" instead.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Due to their status as colonies of foreign states during the establishment of the People's Republic of China in 1949, the phrase "mainland China" excludes <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a> and <a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Macau</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since the return of Hong Kong and Macau to Chinese sovereignty in <a href="/wiki/Transfer_of_sovereignty_over_Hong_Kong" class="mw-redirect" title="Transfer of sovereignty over Hong Kong">1997</a> and <a href="/wiki/Transfer_of_sovereignty_over_Macau" class="mw-redirect" title="Transfer of sovereignty over Macau">1999</a>, respectively, the two territories have retained their legal, political, and economic systems. The territories also have their distinct identities. Therefore, "mainland China" generally continues to exclude these territories, because of the "<a href="/wiki/One_country,_two_systems" title="One country, two systems">one country, two systems</a>" policy adopted by the Chinese government towards the regions.<sup id="cite_ref-LegCo1_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LegCo1-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The term is also used in economic indicators, such as the <a href="/wiki/International_Institute_for_Management_Development" title="International Institute for Management Development">IMD</a> Competitiveness Report. International news media often use "China" to refer only to mainland China or the People's Republic of China. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Political_use">Political use</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Mainland_China&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Political use" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="People's_Republic_of_China"><span id="People.27s_Republic_of_China"></span>People's Republic of China</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Mainland_China&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: People's Republic of China" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>The Exit and Entry Administration Law of the People's Republic of China (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh">中华人民共和国出境入境管理法</span>) defines two terms in Chinese that are translated to "mainland":<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><i>Dàlù</i> (<span lang="zh-Hans">大陆</span>; <span lang="zh-Hant">大陸</span>), which means 'the continent'.</li> <li><i>Nèidì</i> (<span lang="zh-Hans">内地</span>; <span lang="zh-Hant">內地</span>), literally 'inland' or 'inner land'. It excludes Hong Kong and Macau.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>In the PRC, usage of the two terms is not strictly interchangeable. To emphasise the <a href="/wiki/One-China_policy" class="mw-redirect" title="One-China policy">One-China policy</a> and not give the ROC "equal footing" in <a href="/wiki/Cross-strait_relations" title="Cross-strait relations">cross-strait relations</a>, the term must be used in PRC's official contexts with reference to Taiwan (with the PRC referring to itself as the "mainland side" dealing with the "Taiwan side"). In fact, the PRC government mandates that journalists use “Taiwan” and “the Mainland” (Dàlù) as corresponding concepts.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>But in terms of Hong Kong and Macau, the PRC government refers to itself as "the Central People's Government".<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the People's Republic of China, the term <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">内地</span></span> (Nèidì, 'inland') is often contrasted with the term <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh">境外</span></span> ('outside the border') for things outside the mainland region.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Examples include "Administration of Foreign-funded Banks" (<span lang="zh-Hans">中华人民共和国外资银行管理条例</span>; <span lang="zh-Hant">中華人民共和國外資銀行管理條例</span>) or the "Measures on Administration of Representative Offices of Foreign Insurance Institutions" (<span lang="zh-Hans">外国保险机构驻华代表机构管理办法</span>; <span lang="zh-Hant">外國保險機構駐華代表機構管理辦法</span>).<sup id="cite_ref-LegCo1_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LegCo1-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Hainan" title="Hainan">Hainan</a> is an island, but is nevertheless commonly considered to be part of the "mainland" politically, because its government, legal and political systems do not differ from the rest of the PRC. Nonetheless, Hainanese people still refer to the geographic mainland as "the mainland" and call its residents "mainlanders".<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="This claim needs references to better sources. (April 2020)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Before 1949, the Kinmen and Matsu islands, were jointly governed with the rest of Fujian Province under successive Chinese governments. The two territories are generally considered to belong to the same historical region, Fujian Province, which has been divided since 1949 as a result of the civil war. However, because they are not controlled by the PRC, they are not included as part of "mainland China." </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hong_Kong_and_Macau">Hong Kong and Macau</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Mainland_China&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Hong Kong and Macau" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a> and <a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Macau</a> have been territories of the PRC since 1997 and 1999 respectively. However, due to the <a href="/wiki/One_Country,_Two_Systems" class="mw-redirect" title="One Country, Two Systems">One Country, Two Systems</a> policy, the two regions maintain a degree of autonomy, hence they are not governed as part of mainland China. </p><p>Geographically speaking, Hong Kong and Macau are both connected to mainland China in certain areas (e.g. the north of the <a href="/wiki/New_Territories" title="New Territories">New Territories</a>). Additionally, the islands contained within Hong Kong (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_Island" title="Hong Kong Island">Hong Kong Island</a>) and Macau are much closer to mainland China than Taiwan and Hainan, and are much smaller. </p><p>In Hong Kong and Macau, the terms "mainland China" and "mainlander" are frequently used for people from PRC-governed areas (i.e. not Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Macau). The Chinese term <i>Neidi</i> (<span lang="zh-Hant">內地</span>), meaning the <i>inland</i> but still translated <i>mainland</i> in English, is commonly applied by <a href="/wiki/Special_administrative_regions_of_China" title="Special administrative regions of China">SAR</a> governments to represent non-SAR areas of PRC, including Hainan province and coastal regions of mainland China, such as "Constitutional and Mainland Affairs" (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">政制及內地事務局</span></span>)<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Immigration Departments.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/Mainland_and_Hong_Kong_Closer_Economic_Partnership_Arrangement" title="Mainland and Hong Kong Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement">Mainland and Hong Kong Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement</a> (as well as the <a href="/wiki/Mainland_and_Macau_Closer_Economic_Partnership_Arrangement" title="Mainland and Macau Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement">Mainland and Macau Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement</a>) the CPG also uses the Chinese characters <span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">内地</span></span> "inner land", with the note that they refer to the "customs territory of China".<sup id="cite_ref-CEPA_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CEPA-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Taiwan_(Republic_of_China)"><span id="Taiwan_.28Republic_of_China.29"></span>Taiwan (Republic of China)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Mainland_China&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Taiwan (Republic of China)" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ROC1979-05_National_Assembly_Secretariat_China_Map.pdf" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/ROC1979-05_National_Assembly_Secretariat_China_Map.pdf/page1-220px-ROC1979-05_National_Assembly_Secretariat_China_Map.pdf.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="12014" data-file-height="8983"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 164px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/ROC1979-05_National_Assembly_Secretariat_China_Map.pdf/page1-220px-ROC1979-05_National_Assembly_Secretariat_China_Map.pdf.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="164" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/ROC1979-05_National_Assembly_Secretariat_China_Map.pdf/page1-330px-ROC1979-05_National_Assembly_Secretariat_China_Map.pdf.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/ROC1979-05_National_Assembly_Secretariat_China_Map.pdf/page1-440px-ROC1979-05_National_Assembly_Secretariat_China_Map.pdf.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>The ROC map shown as of May 1979 in the Sixth Session of the First National Assembly</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Republic_of_China_(Taiwan)_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Republic_of_China_%28Taiwan%29_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/220px-Republic_of_China_%28Taiwan%29_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 220px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Republic_of_China_%28Taiwan%29_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/220px-Republic_of_China_%28Taiwan%29_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" data-width="220" data-height="220" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Republic_of_China_%28Taiwan%29_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/330px-Republic_of_China_%28Taiwan%29_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Republic_of_China_%28Taiwan%29_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/440px-Republic_of_China_%28Taiwan%29_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>Currently, the scope of the “mainland area” defined in Taiwan's law (light green)<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>References to the PRC and other lost continental territories as the mainland began appearing in Taiwan state documents as early as 1954.<sup id="cite_ref-法规ROC4_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-%E6%B3%95%E8%A7%84ROC4-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Legal definitions followed in the 1990s. The 1991 <a href="/wiki/Additional_Articles_of_the_Constitution_of_the_Republic_of_China" title="Additional Articles of the Constitution of the Republic of China">Additional Articles of the Constitution of the Republic of China</a> stated that "the handling of people's rights and obligations and other affairs between the free area and the mainland can be specially stipulated by law", and used the legal term "mainland area" without defining its geographical boundaries.<sup id="cite_ref-法规ROC6_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-%E6%B3%95%E8%A7%84ROC6-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 1992 Regulations on the Relations between the People in Taiwan and the Mainland defined "Taiwan" as areas controlled by the ROC and "mainland" as "the territory of the Republic of China."<sup id="cite_ref-法规ROC5_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-%E6%B3%95%E8%A7%84ROC5-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The related <a href="/wiki/Cross-Strait_Act" title="Cross-Strait Act">Cross-Strait Act</a> called those under PRC jurisdiction - excluding those in Hong Kong and Macau - as "people of the mainland area", and used "<a href="/wiki/Free_area_of_the_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Free area of the Republic of China">free area of the Republic of China</a>" to describe areas under ROC control.<sup id="cite_ref-ROC_Constitution_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ROC_Constitution-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The issue on the mainland's territory also stated in the <a href="/wiki/Judicial_Yuan" title="Judicial Yuan">Judicial Yuan</a> Interpretation No. 328 in 1993.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-法规ROC10_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-%E6%B3%95%E8%A7%84ROC10-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2012, the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_Republic_of_China" title="Supreme Court of the Republic of China">Supreme Court of the Republic of China</a>'s judgment #900 labeled the <a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Macao Special Administrative Region</a> as the "Mainland's Macau Area".<sup id="cite_ref-法规ROC11_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-%E6%B3%95%E8%A7%84ROC11-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 2002 amendments to the Implementation Rules of the Regulations on People Relations between Taiwan and mainland China defined the mainland as areas claimed but not controlled by the ROC, corresponding to "areas under control of the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Chinese Communist Party">Chinese Communists</a>" (within the <i><a href="/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto">de facto</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Borders_of_China" title="Borders of China">borders of the People's Republic of China</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Views of the term "mainland China" (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-TW">中國大陸</span></span>) vary on Taiwan. During the <a href="/wiki/Dang_Guo" title="Dang Guo">Dangguo era</a>, the KMT had previously referred to the territories under the control of the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Communist_Party" title="Chinese Communist Party">Chinese Communist Party</a> (CCP) by several different names, e.g. "(territory controlled by the) <a href="/wiki/Communist_bandit" title="Communist bandit">Communist bandits</a>", "occupied/unfree area (of China)", "Communist China" (as opposed to either "Nationalist China" or "Democratic China"), "Red China" (as opposed to "Blue China"), and "mainland China (area)".<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In modern times, many of these terms have fallen out of use. The terms "mainland China" (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-TW">中國大陸</span></span>) or "the mainland" (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-TW">大陸</span></span>) still remain in popular use, but some also simply use the term "China" (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-TW">中國</span></span>). The former term is generally preferred by the <a href="/wiki/Pan-Blue_Coalition" title="Pan-Blue Coalition">Pan-Blue Coalition</a> led by the KMT, while the latter term is preferred by the <a href="/wiki/Pan-Green_Coalition" title="Pan-Green Coalition">Pan-Green Coalition</a> led by the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Progressive_Party" title="Democratic Progressive Party">Democratic Progressive Party</a> (DPP), which opposes the term "mainland" and its suggestion that Taiwan is part of China. This has caused many political debates.<sup id="cite_ref-Wachman_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wachman-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Other_terms">Other terms</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Mainland_China&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Other terms" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Mainland_China" title="Special:EditPage/Mainland China">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Other geography-related terms which are used to avoid mentioning the political status of the PRC and ROC. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:10%;">Simplified<br>Chinese </th> <th style="width:10%;">Traditional<br>Chinese </th> <th style="width:10%;">Pinyin </th> <th style="width:10%;">Jyutping </th> <th style="width:10%;">Hokkien POJ </th> <th style="width:60%;">Description </th></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">海峡两岸</span></span></td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">海峽兩岸</span></span></td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><i lang="zh-Latn">Hǎixiá liǎng'àn</i></span></td> <td>Hoi<sup>2</sup> haap<sup>6</sup> loeng<sup>5</sup> ngon<sup>6</sup></td> <td>Hái-kiap lióng-gān</td> <td>The physical shores on both sides of the straits, may be translated as "two shores". </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">两岸关系</span></span></td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">兩岸關係</span></span></td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><i lang="zh-Latn">liǎng'àn guānxì</i></span></td> <td>loeng<sup>5</sup> ngon<sup>6</sup> gwaan<sup>1</sup> hai<sup>6</sup></td> <td>lióng-gān koan-hē</td> <td>Reference to the Taiwan Strait (<a href="/wiki/Cross-Strait_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Cross-Strait relations">cross-Strait relations</a>, literally "relations between the two sides/shores [of the <a href="/wiki/Strait_of_Taiwan" class="mw-redirect" title="Strait of Taiwan">Strait of Taiwan</a>]"). </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">两岸三地</span></span></td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">兩岸三地</span></span></td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><i lang="zh-Latn">liǎng'àn sāndì</i></span></td> <td>loeng<sup>5</sup> ngon<sup>6</sup> saam<sup>1</sup> dei<sup>6</sup></td> <td>lióng-gān sam-tè</td> <td>An extension of this is the phrase "two shores, three places", with "three places" meaning mainland China, Taiwan, and either Hong Kong or Macau. </td></tr> <tr> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hans">两岸四地</span></span></td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">兩岸四地</span></span></td> <td><span title="Chinese-language text"><i lang="zh-Latn">liǎng'àn sìdì</i></span></td> <td>loeng<sup>5</sup> ngon<sup>6</sup> sei<sup>3</sup> dei<sup>6</sup></td> <td>lióng-gān sù-tè</td> <td>When referring to either Hong Kong or Macau, or "two shores, four places" when referring to both Hong Kong and Macau. </td></tr></tbody></table> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Mainland_China&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid 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title="Portal:China">China portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mainland_Chinese" title="Mainland Chinese">Mainlander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_China" title="Greater China">Greater China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Additional_Articles_of_the_Constitution_of_the_Republic_of_China" title="Additional Articles of the Constitution of the Republic of China">Additional Articles of the Constitution of the Republic of China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_proper" title="China proper">China proper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitution of the People's Republic of China">Constitution of the People's Republic of China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_area_of_the_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Free area of the Republic of China">Free area of the Republic of China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_China_(Second_Sino-Japanese_War)" title="Free China (Second Sino-Japanese War)">Free China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_China" title="Politics of China">Politics of China</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Mainland_China&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Notes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist 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title="Taiwanese Mandarin">Mandarin</a> <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">Pinyin</a>: <span title="Mandarin Chinese-language text"><i lang="cmn-Latn-TW">Zhōngguó Dàlù</i></span></li></ul></div></span> </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Mainland_China&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Mainland_China&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Citations" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output 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.id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mac.gov.tw/en/News_Content.aspx?n=4F2E0C155DF44564&sms=2C46F5E37DC2E1D2&s=4597A146F5AF7D3C">"Laws and Regulations Regarding Mainland Affairs"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Mainland_Affairs_Council" title="Mainland Affairs Council">Mainland Affairs Council</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 May</span> 2018</span>. <q>Article 3: The enforcement areas of Subparagraph 2 of Article 2 of the Act shall refer to areas under control of the Chinese Communists.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mainland+Affairs+Council&rft.atitle=Laws+and+Regulations+Regarding+Mainland+Affairs&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mac.gov.tw%2Fen%2FNews_Content.aspx%3Fn%3D4F2E0C155DF44564%26sms%3D2C46F5E37DC2E1D2%26s%3D4597A146F5AF7D3C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMainland+China" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:2_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.boca.gov.tw/cp-56-5042-d9a77-1.html">"中央流行疫情指揮中心1月28日宣布提升中國大陸(不含港澳)之旅遊疫情建議至第三級『警告』(Warning)，大陸委員會調升湖北省（包含武漢市）的旅遊警示燈號為「紅色」，中國大陸其他地區旅遊警示燈號為「橙色」"</a>. 10 July 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210609203038/https://www.boca.gov.tw/cp-56-5042-d9a77-1.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-06-09<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-05-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E6%B5%81%E8%A1%8C%E7%96%AB%E6%83%85%E6%8C%87%E6%8F%AE%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%831%E6%9C%8828%E6%97%A5%E5%AE%A3%E5%B8%83%E6%8F%90%E5%8D%87%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%B8%28%E4%B8%8D%E5%90%AB%E6%B8%AF%E6%BE%B3%29%E4%B9%8B%E6%97%85%E9%81%8A%E7%96%AB%E6%83%85%E5%BB%BA%E8%AD%B0%E8%87%B3%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E7%B4%9A%E3%80%8E%E8%AD%A6%E5%91%8A%E3%80%8F%28Warning%29%EF%BC%8C%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%B8%E5%A7%94%E5%93%A1%E6%9C%83%E8%AA%BF%E5%8D%87%E6%B9%96%E5%8C%97%E7%9C%81%EF%BC%88%E5%8C%85%E5%90%AB%E6%AD%A6%E6%BC%A2%E5%B8%82%EF%BC%89%E7%9A%84%E6%97%85%E9%81%8A%E8%AD%A6%E7%A4%BA%E7%87%88%E8%99%9F%E7%82%BA%E3%80%8C%E7%B4%85%E8%89%B2%E3%80%8D%EF%BC%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%B8%E5%85%B6%E4%BB%96%E5%9C%B0%E5%8D%80%E6%97%85%E9%81%8A%E8%AD%A6%E7%A4%BA%E7%87%88%E8%99%9F%E7%82%BA%E3%80%8C%E6%A9%99%E8%89%B2%E3%80%8D&rft.date=2017-07-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.boca.gov.tw%2Fcp-56-5042-d9a77-1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMainland+China" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cons.judicial.gov.tw/en/docdata.aspx?fid=100&id=310509">"No.328"</a>. <i>cons.judicial.gov.tw</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220723065449/https://cons.judicial.gov.tw/en/docdata.aspx?fid=100&id=310509">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-07-23<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-07-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=cons.judicial.gov.tw&rft.atitle=No.328&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcons.judicial.gov.tw%2Fen%2Fdocdata.aspx%3Ffid%3D100%26id%3D310509&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMainland+China" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200331163146/https://www.cdc.gov.tw/Bulletin/Detail/d8IEMvgt20oaB7rIu8ygaQ?typeid=9">"2月6日起全中國大陸(含港澳)列二級以上流行地區，居住中國大陸各省市陸人暫緩入境"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Health_and_Welfare_(Taiwan)" title="Ministry of Health and Welfare (Taiwan)">Ministry of Health and Welfare (Taiwan)</a></i> (in Traditional Chinese). 疾病管制署. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 January</span> 2022</span>. <q>綠軍所用的正式名稱，尊重獨立國體的一種正式稱呼，這種稱呼本身也不帶有任何敵意，敵意存在與否其實代表著內戰是否結束，在稱呼上特別要小心</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Storm+Media&rft.atitle=%E7%82%BA%E4%BD%95%E9%99%B8%E7%94%9F%E5%B8%8C%E6%9C%9B%E8%87%AA%E5%B7%B1%E8%A2%AB%E7%A8%B1%E5%85%A7%E5%9C%B0%EF%BC%9F%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E3%80%81%E5%85%A7%E5%9C%B0%E3%80%81%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%B8%E7%AD%89%E8%A9%9E%E5%BD%99%E5%89%8D%EF%BC%8C%E4%BD%A0%E6%87%82%E8%83%8C%E5%BE%8C%E7%9A%84%E6%84%8F%E8%AD%98%E5%BD%A2%E6%85%8B%EF%BC%9F&rft.date=2018-05-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.storm.mg%2Flifestyle%2F170510&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMainland+China" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSoLinPoston2001" class="citation book cs1">So, Alvin Y.; Lin, Nan; Poston, Dudley L., eds. 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"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cmab.gov.hk/">Constitutional and Mainland Affairs Bureau, Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211021044209/https://www.cmab.gov.hk/">Archived</a> 2021-10-21 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>." <i>Constitutional and Mainland Affairs Bureau.</i> Retrieved on 2008-03-10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.immd.gov.hk/zhtml/facts_3_0.htm">Chinese version</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091127190454/http://www.immd.gov.hk/zhtml/facts_3_0.htm">Archived</a> 2009-11-27 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.immd.gov.hk/ehtml/facts_3_0.htm">English version</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090204183751/http://www.immd.gov.hk/ehtml/facts_3_0.htm">Archived</a> 2009-02-04 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Statistics on Admission Scheme for Mainland Talents and Professionals (<span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hant">輸入內地人才計劃數據資料</span></span>), <a href="/wiki/Immigration_Department_(Hong_Kong)" title="Immigration Department (Hong Kong)">Immigration Department (Hong Kong)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CEPA-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CEPA_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tid.gov.hk/english/cepa/files/main_e.pdf">English Text</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110604232402/http://www.tid.gov.hk/english/cepa/files/main_e.pdf">Archived</a> 2011-06-04 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.locpg.gov.cn/big5/jmwl/cepa/cepaxy/200702/t20070225_1844.asp">Chinese text</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110707035638/http://www.locpg.gov.cn/big5/jmwl/cepa/cepaxy/200702/t20070225_1844.asp">Archived</a> 2011-07-07 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-法规ROC4-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-%E6%B3%95%E8%A7%84ROC4_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF司法院" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">司法院. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jirs.judicial.gov.tw/">"解释字號：释字第31号"</a>. <i>司法院法學資料檢索系統判解函釋</i> (in Traditional Chinese). 台北. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201207151537/http://jirs.judicial.gov.tw/">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-12-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-11-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E5%8F%B8%E6%B3%95%E9%99%A2%E6%B3%95%E5%AD%B8%E8%B3%87%E6%96%99%E6%AA%A2%E7%B4%A2%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E5%88%A4%E8%A7%A3%E5%87%BD%E9%87%8B&rft.atitle=%E8%A7%A3%E9%87%8A%E5%AD%97%E8%99%9F%EF%BC%9A%E9%87%8A%E5%AD%97%E7%AC%AC31%E5%8F%B7&rft.au=%E5%8F%B8%E6%B3%95%E9%99%A2&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjirs.judicial.gov.tw%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMainland+China" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBi-Yu_Chang2015" class="citation cs2">Bi-Yu Chang (2015), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://faculty.washington.edu/stevehar/Castles%20in%20the%20Sand.pdf">"Place, Identity and National Imagination in Postwar Taiwan"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, <i>Building castles in the sand</i>, <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220702152424/https://faculty.washington.edu/stevehar/Castles%20in%20the%20Sand.pdf">archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2 July 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 July</span> 2022</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Place%2C+Identity+and+National+Imagination+in+Postwar+Taiwan&rft.btitle=Building+castles+in+the+sand&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2015&rft.au=Bi-Yu+Chang&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffaculty.washington.edu%2Fstevehar%2FCastles%2520in%2520the%2520Sand.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMainland+China" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrank_Jacobs2010" class="citation web cs1">Frank Jacobs (23 July 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bigthink.com/strange-maps/221-greater-china-made-in-taiwan/">"A Map of Greater China, Made in Taiwan"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Big_Think" title="Big Think">Big Think</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220521151734/https://bigthink.com/strange-maps/221-greater-china-made-in-taiwan/">Archived</a> from the original on 21 May 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Big+Think&rft.atitle=A+Map+of+Greater+China%2C+Made+in+Taiwan&rft.date=2010-07-23&rft.au=Frank+Jacobs&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbigthink.com%2Fstrange-maps%2F221-greater-china-made-in-taiwan%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMainland+China" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-法规ROC6-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-%E6%B3%95%E8%A7%84ROC6_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF立法院" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">立法院. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lis.ly.gov.tw/lglawc/lawsingle?00067773FB3C000000000000000000A000000002000000%5E04105080042200%5E00027002001">"中华民国宪法增修条文"</a>. <i>立法院法律系統</i> (in Traditional Chinese). 台北<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-11-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E7%AB%8B%E6%B3%95%E9%99%A2%E6%B3%95%E5%BE%8B%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1&rft.atitle=%E5%8F%B0%E6%B9%BE%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA%E4%B8%8E%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%86%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB%E6%9D%A1%E4%BE%8B&rft.au=%E7%AB%8B%E6%B3%95%E9%99%A2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flis.ly.gov.tw%2Flglawc%2Flglawkm%3F%40%402039384855&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMainland+China" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ROC_Constitution-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ROC_Constitution_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.taiwandocuments.org/constitution04.htm">Additional Articles to the Republic of China Constitution</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170515000850/http://www.taiwandocuments.org/constitution04.htm">Archived</a> 2017-05-15 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, 6th Revision, 2000</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-法规ROC10-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-%E6%B3%95%E8%A7%84ROC10_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://db.lawbank.com.tw/FLAW/FLAWDAT0202.aspx?lsid=FL016532&ldate=20160111">"香港澳門關係條例施行細則"</a>. <i>法源法律网</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201010174047/https://db.lawbank.com.tw/FLAW/FLAWDAT0202.aspx?lsid=FL016532&ldate=20160111">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-10-10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-11-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E6%B3%95%E6%BA%90%E6%B3%95%E5%BE%8B%E7%BD%91&rft.atitle=%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E6%BE%B3%E9%96%80%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82%E6%A2%9D%E4%BE%8B%E6%96%BD%E8%A1%8C%E7%B4%B0%E5%89%87&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdb.lawbank.com.tw%2FFLAW%2FFLAWDAT0202.aspx%3Flsid%3DFL016532%26ldate%3D20160111&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMainland+China" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-法规ROC11-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-%E6%B3%95%E8%A7%84ROC11_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF司法院" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">司法院. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jirs.judicial.gov.tw/">"裁判字號：101年台上字第900號"</a>. <i>司法院法學資料檢索系統判解函釋</i> (in Traditional Chinese). 台北. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201207151537/http://jirs.judicial.gov.tw/">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-12-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-11-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E5%8F%B8%E6%B3%95%E9%99%A2%E6%B3%95%E5%AD%B8%E8%B3%87%E6%96%99%E6%AA%A2%E7%B4%A2%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1%E5%88%A4%E8%A7%A3%E5%87%BD%E9%87%8B&rft.atitle=%E8%A3%81%E5%88%A4%E5%AD%97%E8%99%9F%EF%BC%9A101%E5%B9%B4%E5%8F%B0%E4%B8%8A%E5%AD%97%E7%AC%AC900%E8%99%9F&rft.au=%E5%8F%B8%E6%B3%95%E9%99%A2&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjirs.judicial.gov.tw%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMainland+China" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://law.moj.gov.tw/LawClass/LawAll.aspx?PCode=Q0010002">"臺灣地區與大陸地區人民關係條例施行細則"</a>. <i>法務部全國法規資料庫</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220403002507/https://law.moj.gov.tw/LawClass/LawAll.aspx?PCode=Q0010002">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-04-03<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-01-11</span></span>. <q>中共控制之地區</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E6%B3%95%E5%8B%99%E9%83%A8%E5%85%A8%E5%9C%8B%E6%B3%95%E8%A6%8F%E8%B3%87%E6%96%99%E5%BA%AB&rft.atitle=%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E5%9C%B0%E5%8D%80%E8%88%87%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%B8%E5%9C%B0%E5%8D%80%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82%E6%A2%9D%E4%BE%8B%E6%96%BD%E8%A1%8C%E7%B4%B0%E5%89%87&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flaw.moj.gov.tw%2FLawClass%2FLawAll.aspx%3FPCode%3DQ0010002&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMainland+China" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF邱政宗1991" class="citation web cs1">邱政宗 (March 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ly.gov.tw/ly/04_library/0401_orglaw/orglaw_search/orglaw_search_04.jsp?ItemNO=04020200&f91_number=821">"中華民國立法院法制局研究成果《外蒙古定位後續問題評析》"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E7%AB%8B%E6%B3%95%E9%99%A2%E6%B3%95%E5%88%B6%E5%B1%80%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%88%90%E6%9E%9C%E3%80%8A%E5%A4%96%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E5%AE%9A%E4%BD%8D%E5%BE%8C%E7%BA%8C%E5%95%8F%E9%A1%8C%E8%A9%95%E6%9E%90%E3%80%8B&rft.date=1991-03&rft.au=%E9%82%B1%E6%94%BF%E5%AE%97&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ly.gov.tw%2Fly%2F04_library%2F0401_orglaw%2Forglaw_search%2Forglaw_search_04.jsp%3FItemNO%3D04020200%26f91_number%3D821&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMainland+China" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged February 2024">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090327075035/http://mypaper.pchome.com.tw/news/kuan0416/3/1281895827/20060101013524">"台灣小學課本裡的「共匪」（管仁健／著）"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mypaper.pchome.com.tw/news/kuan0416/3/1281895827/20060101013524/">the original</a> on 2009-03-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-11-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E5%B0%8F%E5%AD%B8%E8%AA%B2%E6%9C%AC%E8%A3%A1%E7%9A%84%E3%80%8C%E5%85%B1%E5%8C%AA%E3%80%8D%EF%BC%88%E7%AE%A1%E4%BB%81%E5%81%A5%EF%BC%8F%E8%91%97%EF%BC%89&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmypaper.pchome.com.tw%2Fnews%2Fkuan0416%2F3%2F1281895827%2F20060101013524%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMainland+China" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wachman-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Wachman_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWachman1994" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Alan_M._Wachman" title="Alan M. Wachman">Wachman, Alan</a> (1994). <i>Taiwan: National Identity and Democratization</i>. M.E. Sharpe. p. 81.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Taiwan%3A+National+Identity+and+Democratization&rft.pages=81&rft.pub=M.E.+Sharpe&rft.date=1994&rft.aulast=Wachman&rft.aufirst=Alan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMainland+China" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2012/07/23/2003538429">DPP is firm on China name issue</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210508152838/https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2012/07/23/2003538429">Archived</a> 2021-05-08 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Taipei Times (2013-07-14). Retrieved on 2013-07-21.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Mainland_China&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Sources" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:The_Wikipedia_Library" title="Wikipedia:The Wikipedia Library">Library resources</a> about <br> <b>Mainland China</b> <hr></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=wp&su=Mainland+China">Resources in your library</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=wp&su=Mainland+China&library=0CHOOSE0">Resources in other libraries</a></li> </ul></div></div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.imd.ch/research/publications/wcy/World-Competitiveness-Yearbook-2008-Results.cfm">IMD</a><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080519003106/http://www.imd.ch/research/publications/wcy/World-Competitiveness-Yearbook-2008-Results.cfm">Archived</a> 2008-05-19 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFwww.imd.org" class="citation web cs1">www.imd.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.imd.ch/research/publications/wcy/upload/scoreboard.pdf">"The World Competitiveness Scoreboard 2011"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. IMD INTERNATIONAL. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070614035901/http://www.imd.ch/research/publications/wcy/upload/scoreboard.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2007-06-14<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-05-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+World+Competitiveness+Scoreboard+2011&rft.pub=IMD+INTERNATIONAL&rft.au=www.imd.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.imd.ch%2Fresearch%2Fpublications%2Fwcy%2Fupload%2Fscoreboard.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMainland+China" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output 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href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mainland_China&oldid=1256689620">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mainland_China&oldid=1256689620</a>"</div></div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"> <a class="last-modified-bar" href="/w/index.php?title=Mainland_China&action=history"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-medium minerva-icon--modified-history"></span> <span class="last-modified-bar__text modified-enhancement" data-user-name="Remsense" data-user-gender="unknown" data-timestamp="1731295701"> <span>Last edited on 11 November 2024, at 03:28</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%8A" title="بر الصين الرئيسي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بر الصين الرئيسي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/China_continental" title="China continental – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="China continental" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materik_%C3%87ini" title="Materik Çini – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Materik Çini" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%96%E0%A6%A3%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1" title="চীনের মূল ভূখণ্ড – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="চীনের মূল ভূখণ্ড" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiong-kok_t%C4%81i-lio%CC%8Dk" title="Tiong-kok tāi-lio̍k – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Tiong-kok tāi-lio̍k" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%9A%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Кантынентальны Кітай – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Кантынентальны Кітай" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Континентален Китай – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Континентален Китай" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xina_continental" title="Xina continental – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Xina continental" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kontinent%C3%A1ln%C3%AD_%C4%8C%C3%ADna" title="Kontinentální Čína – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kontinentální Čína" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fastlandskina" title="Fastlandskina – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Fastlandskina" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Festlandchina" title="Festlandchina – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Festlandchina" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandri-Hiina" title="Mandri-Hiina – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Mandri-Hiina" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%97%CF%80%CE%B5%CE%B9%CF%81%CF%89%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%9A%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B1" title="Ηπειρωτική Κίνα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ηπειρωτική Κίνα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/China_continental" title="China continental – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="China continental" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kontinenta_%C4%88inio" title="Kontinenta Ĉinio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kontinenta Ĉinio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Txina_kontinental" title="Txina kontinental – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Txina kontinental" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%B2%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%A7%D8%B5%D9%84%DB%8C_%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%86" title="سرزمین اصلی چین – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سرزمین اصلی چین" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chine_continentale" title="Chine continentale – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Chine continentale" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%ACr-m%C3%B2r_na_S%C3%ACne" title="Tìr-mòr na Sìne – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Tìr-mòr na Sìne" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%BBng-koet_Thai-liu%CC%8Dk" title="Chûng-koet Thai-liu̍k – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Chûng-koet Thai-liu̍k" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A4%91%EA%B5%AD_%EB%8C%80%EB%A5%99" title="중국 대륙 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="중국 대륙" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kontinentalna_Kina" title="Kontinentalna Kina – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kontinentalna Kina" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiongkok_Daratan" title="Tiongkok Daratan – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Tiongkok Daratan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cina_continentale" title="Cina continentale – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Cina continentale" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%9F_%D7%94%D7%99%D7%91%D7%A9%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%AA" title="סין היבשתית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סין היבשתית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A9%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98" title="კონტინენტური ჩინეთი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კონტინენტური ჩინეთი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uchina_Bara" title="Uchina Bara – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Uchina Bara" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kontinent%C4%81l%C4%81_%C4%B6%C4%ABna" title="Kontinentālā Ķīna – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kontinentālā Ķīna" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kontinent%C3%A1lis_K%C3%ADna" title="Kontinentális Kína – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kontinentális Kína" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%A8" title="മെയിൻലാൻഡ് ചൈന – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മെയിൻലാൻഡ് ചൈന" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanah_besar_China" title="Tanah besar China – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Tanah besar China" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cino_Daratan" title="Cino Daratan – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Cino Daratan" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%E1%B9%B3%CC%86ng-gu%C3%B3k_D%C3%A2i-l%E1%B9%B3%CC%86k" title="Dṳ̆ng-guók Dâi-lṳ̆k – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Dṳ̆ng-guók Dâi-lṳ̆k" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%90%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AF%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%80%95%E1%80%BC%E1%80%8A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%99%E1%80%80%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8" title="တရုတ်ပြည်မကြီး – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="တရုတ်ပြည်မကြီး" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasteland_van_China" title="Vasteland van China – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Vasteland van China" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF_%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8" title="मुख्यभूमि चीन – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="मुख्यभूमि चीन" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%B8" title="中国大陸 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="中国大陸" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fastlands-Kina" title="Fastlands-Kina – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Fastlands-Kina" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fastlands-Kina" title="Fastlands-Kina – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Fastlands-Kina" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B5%D9%84_%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%B2%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86_%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%86" title="اصل سرزمین چین – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="اصل سرزمین چین" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiny_kontynentalne" title="Chiny kontynentalne – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Chiny kontynentalne" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/China_continental" title="China continental – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="China continental" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/China_continental%C4%83" title="China continentală – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="China continentală" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Континентальный Китай – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Континентальный Китай" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mainlaund_Cheenae" title="Mainlaund Cheenae – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Mainlaund Cheenae" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mainland_China" title="Mainland China – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Mainland China" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Копнена Кина – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Копнена Кина" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kontinentalna_Kina" title="Kontinentalna Kina – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kontinentalna Kina" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daratan_Tiongkok" title="Daratan Tiongkok – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Daratan Tiongkok" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manner-Kiina" title="Manner-Kiina – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Manner-Kiina" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fastlandskina" title="Fastlandskina – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Fastlandskina" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalupaang_Tsina" title="Kalupaang Tsina – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Kalupaang Tsina" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9C%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%8D%E0%B9%88" title="จีนแผ่นดินใหญ่ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="จีนแผ่นดินใหญ่" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87in_anakaras%C4%B1" title="Çin anakarası – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Çin anakarası" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Континентальний Китай – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Континентальний Китай" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B5%D9%84_%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%B2%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86_%DA%86%DB%8C%D9%86" title="اصل سرزمین چین – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="اصل سرزمین چین" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cungguek_daluz" title="Cungguek daluz – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Cungguek daluz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trung_Qu%E1%BB%91c_%C4%91%E1%BA%A1i_l%E1%BB%A5c" title="Trung Quốc đại lục – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Trung Quốc đại lục" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%B8" title="中國大陸 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="中國大陸" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%86" title="中国大陆 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="中国大陆" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%B8" title="中國大陸 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="中國大陸" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E9%99%86" title="中国大陆 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="中国大陆" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 11 November 2024, at 03:28<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Content is available under <a class="external" rel="nofollow" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">CC BY-SA 4.0</a> 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