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href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola&redirect=no&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Ignatius of Loyola">Saint Ignatius of Loyola</a>) </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"> <script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script> <div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style> Ignatius of Loyola <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Society_of_Jesus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Society of Jesus">SJ</a> (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:IPA/English?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:IPA/English">/ɪɡˈneɪʃəs/</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">ig-NAY-shəs</a>; <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Basque_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Basque language">Basque</a>: Ignazio Loiolakoa; <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Spanish_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>: Ignacio de Loyola; <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Latin_language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: Ignatius de Loyola; born Íñigo López de Oñaz y Loyola; c. 23 October 1491<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-RGV-3">[3]</a> – 31 July 1556), venerated as Saint Ignatius of Loyola, was a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Basques?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Basques">Basque</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Spaniard?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Spaniard">Spaniard</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Priesthood_in_the_Catholic_Church?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Priesthood in the Catholic Church">Catholic priest</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Theologian?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Theologian">theologian</a>, who, with six companions, founded the religious order of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Society_of_Jesus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Society of Jesus">Society of Jesus</a> (Jesuits), and became its first <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Superior_General_of_the_Society_of_Jesus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Superior General of the Society of Jesus">Superior General</a>, in Paris in 1541.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Idig-4">[4]</a> <table class="infobox vcard"> <tbody> <tr> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-above n" style="font-size:125%;background-color:gold;"> <div class="honorific-prefix" style="display:inline;font-size: 77%; font-weight: normal;"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Canonization?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Canonization">Saint</a> </div> <div style="display:inline;" class="fn"> Ignatius of Loyola </div> <div class="honorific-prefix" style="display:inline;font-size: 77%; font-weight: normal;"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Society_of_Jesus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Society of Jesus">SJ</a> </div></th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Ignatius_Loyola.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Ignatius_Loyola.jpg/220px-Ignatius_Loyola.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="265" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f9/Ignatius_Loyola.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="300"></a> <div class="infobox-caption"> Ignatius of Loyola (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 16th-century portrait) </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:gold;">Priest, founder</th> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th> <td class="infobox-data">Iñigo López de Oñaz y Loyola (1491-10-23)23 October 1491 <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Azpeitia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Azpeitia">Azpeitia</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gipuzkoa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gipuzkoa">Gipuzkoa</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Crown_of_Castile?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Crown of Castile">Crown of Castile</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th> <td class="infobox-data">31 July 1556(1556-07-31) (aged 64) <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rome?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rome">Rome</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Papal_States?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Papal States">Papal States</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Venerated in</th> <td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="plainlist"> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catholic_Church?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anglican_Communion?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Anglican Communion">Anglican Communion</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-1">[1]</a></li> </ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Beatification?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Beatification">Beatified</a></th> <td class="infobox-data">27, July 1609, Rome, Papal States, by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pope_Paul_V?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pope Paul V">Pope Paul V</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Canonization?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Canonization">Canonized</a></th> <td class="infobox-data">12, March 1622, Rome, Papal States, by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pope_Gregory_XV?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pope Gregory XV">Pope Gregory XV</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Major <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Shrine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Shrine">shrine</a></th> <td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Church_of_the_Ges%C3%B9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Church of the Gesù">Church of the Gesù</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rome?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rome">Rome</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Italy?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Italy">Italy</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Calendar_of_saints?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Calendar of saints">Feast</a></th> <td class="infobox-data">31 July</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_symbolism?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Saint symbolism">Attributes</a></th> <td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r979066050">.mw-parser-output ul.cslist,.mw-parser-output ul.sslist{margin:0;padding:0;display:inline-block;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output ul.cslist-embedded{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .cslist li,.mw-parser-output .sslist li{margin:0;padding:0 0.25em 0 0;display:inline-block}.mw-parser-output .cslist li:after{content:", "}.mw-parser-output .sslist li:after{content:"; "}.mw-parser-output .cslist li:last-child:after,.mw-parser-output .sslist li:last-child:after{content:none}</style> <ul class="cslist"> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vestments?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Vestments">Sacerdotal vestments</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cassock?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cassock">cassock</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ferraiolo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ferraiolo">ferraiolo</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Biretta?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Biretta">biretta</a></li> <li>holding a book with <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ad_maiorem_Dei_gloriam?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ad maiorem Dei gloriam">Ad maiorem Dei gloriam</a> inscription</li> <li>trampling on a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Heretic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Heretic">heretic</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/IHS_Christogram?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="IHS Christogram">IHS Christogram</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Crucifix?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Crucifix">crucifix</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rosary?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rosary">rosary</a></li> </ul></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Patron_saint?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Patron saint">Patronage</a></th> <td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Society_of_Jesus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Society of Jesus">Society of Jesus</a>; soldiers; spiritual retreats; <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Biscay?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Biscay">Biscay</a>; Gipuzkoa;<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-2">[2]</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ateneo_De_Manila_University?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ateneo De Manila University">Ateneo De Manila University</a>; the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Baltimore?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Baltimore">Archdiocese of Baltimore</a>, Maryland; the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Antwerp?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Antwerp">Diocese of Antwerp</a>, Belgium; <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Belo_Horizonte?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Belo Horizonte">Belo Horizonte</a>, Brazil; <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jun%C3%ADn,_Buenos_Aires?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Junín, Buenos Aires">Junín, Buenos Aires</a>, Argentina; Rome, Italy; accidents and injuries.</td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Influences</th> <td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style> <div class="hlist"> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Francis_of_Assisi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Francis of Assisi">Francis of Assisi</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ludolph_of_Saxony?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ludolph of Saxony">Ludolph of Saxony</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Thomas_%C3%A0_Kempis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Thomas à Kempis">Thomas à Kempis</a></li> </ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Major works</th> <td class="infobox-data"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Spiritual_Exercises?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spiritual Exercises">Spiritual Exercises</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Signature</th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Signatur_Ignatius_von_Loyola.PNG?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fb/Signatur_Ignatius_von_Loyola.PNG" decoding="async" width="150" height="89" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="122" data-file-height="72"></a></td> </tr> <tr style="display:none"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> Ignatius envisioned the purpose of the Society of Jesus to be <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Missionary?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Missionary">missionary work</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Education?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Education">teaching</a>. In addition to the vows of chastity, obedience and poverty of other religious orders in the church, Loyola instituted a fourth vow for Jesuits of obedience to the Pope, to engage in projects ordained by the pontiff.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-5">[5]</a> Jesuits were instrumental in leading the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Counter-Reformation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Counter-Reformation">Counter-Reformation</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-6">[6]</a> As a former soldier, Ignatius paid particular attention to the spiritual formation of his recruits and recorded his method in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Spiritual_Exercises?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spiritual Exercises">Spiritual Exercises</a> (1548). In time, the method has become known as <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ignatian_spirituality?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ignatian spirituality">Ignatian spirituality</a>. He was <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Beatified?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Beatified">beatified</a> in 1609 and was <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Canonized?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Canonized">canonized</a> as a saint on 12 March 1622. His feast day is celebrated on 31 July. He is the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Patron_saint?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Patron saint">patron saint</a> of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Basque_Country_(greater_region)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Basque Country (greater region)">Basque</a> provinces of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gipuzkoa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gipuzkoa">Gipuzkoa</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Biscay?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Biscay">Biscay</a> as well as of the Society of Jesus. He was declared the patron saint of all spiritual retreats by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pope_Pius_XI?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pope Pius XI">Pope Pius XI</a> in 1922. <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Early_life">1 Early life</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Military_career">1.1 Military career</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Religious_conversion_and_visions">1.2 Religious conversion and visions</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Period_of_studies">2 Period of studies</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Foundation_of_the_Jesuit_order">3 Foundation of the Jesuit order</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Death_and_canonization">4 Death and canonization</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Legacy">5 Legacy</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Genealogy">6 Genealogy</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Shield_of_O%C3%B1az-Loyola">6.1 Shield of Oñaz-Loyola</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Lineage">6.2 Lineage</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Gallery">7 Gallery</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Bibliography">8 Bibliography</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#See_also">9 See also</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#References">10 References</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-15"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Further_reading">11 Further reading</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-16"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#External_links">12 External links</a></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ignatius_of_Loyola&action=edit&section=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Early life" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> Ignatius of Loyola was born Iñigo López de Oñaz y Loyola in the castle at Loyola, in the municipality of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Azpeitia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Azpeitia">Azpeitia</a>, Gipuzkoa, in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Basque_Country_(greater_region)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Basque Country (greater region)">Basque region of Spain</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-cathenc-7">[7]</a> His parents, Don Beltrán Ibáñez de Oñaz y Loyola and Doña María (or Marina) Sáenz de Licona y Balda, who were of the minor nobility,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-8">[8]</a> from the clan of Loyola, were involved in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/War_of_the_Bands?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="War of the Bands">Basque war of the bands</a>. Their <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Manor_house?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Manor house">manor house</a> was demolished on the orders of the King of Castile in 1456 for their depredations in Gipuzkoa, with Iñigo's paternal grandfather being expelled to Andalusia by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Henry_IV_of_Castile?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Henry IV of Castile">Henry IV</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-9">[9]</a> Íñigo was the youngest of their thirteen children. Their eldest son, Juan Pérez, had soldiered in forces commanded by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gonzalo_Fern%C3%A1ndez_de_C%C3%B3rdoba?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba">Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba</a>, but died fighting in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Italian_Wars?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Italian Wars">Italian Wars</a> (1494–1559).<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Brodrick-10">[10]</a> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Santuario_De_Loyola,_Basque_Country,_Spain.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Santuario_De_Loyola%2C_Basque_Country%2C_Spain.jpg/250px-Santuario_De_Loyola%2C_Basque_Country%2C_Spain.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="333" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 250px;height: 333px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Santuario_De_Loyola%2C_Basque_Country%2C_Spain.jpg/250px-Santuario_De_Loyola%2C_Basque_Country%2C_Spain.jpg" data-width="250" data-height="333" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Santuario_De_Loyola%2C_Basque_Country%2C_Spain.jpg/375px-Santuario_De_Loyola%2C_Basque_Country%2C_Spain.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Santuario_De_Loyola%2C_Basque_Country%2C_Spain.jpg/500px-Santuario_De_Loyola%2C_Basque_Country%2C_Spain.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sanctuary_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sanctuary of Loyola">Sanctuary of Loyola</a>, in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Azpeitia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Azpeitia">Azpeitia</a>, built atop the birthplace of the saint. </figcaption> </figure> He was baptized "Íñigo" on honour of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%8D%C3%B1igo_of_O%C3%B1a?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Íñigo of Oña">Íñigo of Oña</a>, Abbot of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/O%C3%B1a?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oña">Oña</a>; the name also is a medieval Basque diminutive for "My little one".<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-cathenc-7">[7]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-11">[11]</a> It is not clear when he began using the Latin name "Ignatius" instead of his baptismal name "Íñigo".<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Verd1-12">[12]</a> Historian Gabriel María Verd says that Íñigo did not intend to change his name, but rather adopted a name which he believed was a simple variant of his own, for use in France and Italy where it was better understood.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Verd2-13">[13]</a> Íñigo adopted the surname "de Loyola" in reference to the Basque village of Loyola where he was born.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-encyc_brit-14">[14]</a> Soon after the birth of Íñigo, his mother died. Maternal care fell to María de Garín, the wife of the local blacksmith.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-15">[15]</a> In 1498, his second eldest brother, Martin, heir to the estate, took his new wife to live in the castle, and she became mistress of the household. Later, the seven-year-old boy Íñigo returned to Casa Loyola. Anticipating his possible ecclesiastic career, Don Beltrán had Íñigo <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tonsure?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tonsure">tonsured</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Brodrick-10">[10]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Military_career">Military career</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ignatius_of_Loyola&action=edit&section=2&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Military career" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Ignatius_of_Loyola_(militant).jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Ignatius_of_Loyola_%28militant%29.jpg/220px-Ignatius_of_Loyola_%28militant%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="297" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1143" data-file-height="1543"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 297px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Ignatius_of_Loyola_%28militant%29.jpg/220px-Ignatius_of_Loyola_%28militant%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="297" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Ignatius_of_Loyola_%28militant%29.jpg/330px-Ignatius_of_Loyola_%28militant%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Ignatius_of_Loyola_%28militant%29.jpg/440px-Ignatius_of_Loyola_%28militant%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Ignatius in his armour, in a 16th-century painting </figcaption> </figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola%27s_Vision_of_Christ_and_God_the_Father_at_La_Storta_LACMA_M.89.59.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola%27s_Vision_of_Christ_and_God_the_Father_at_La_Storta_LACMA_M.89.59.jpg/220px-Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola%27s_Vision_of_Christ_and_God_the_Father_at_La_Storta_LACMA_M.89.59.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="376" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1962" data-file-height="3351"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 376px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola%27s_Vision_of_Christ_and_God_the_Father_at_La_Storta_LACMA_M.89.59.jpg/220px-Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola%27s_Vision_of_Christ_and_God_the_Father_at_La_Storta_LACMA_M.89.59.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="376" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola%27s_Vision_of_Christ_and_God_the_Father_at_La_Storta_LACMA_M.89.59.jpg/330px-Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola%27s_Vision_of_Christ_and_God_the_Father_at_La_Storta_LACMA_M.89.59.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola%27s_Vision_of_Christ_and_God_the_Father_at_La_Storta_LACMA_M.89.59.jpg/440px-Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola%27s_Vision_of_Christ_and_God_the_Father_at_La_Storta_LACMA_M.89.59.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Saint Ignatius of Loyola's Vision of Christ and God the Father at La Storta by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Domenichino?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Domenichino">Domenichino</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-domenichino_painting-16">[16]</a> </figcaption> </figure> Instead, Íñigo became a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Page_(occupation)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Page (occupation)">page</a> in the service of a relative, Juan Velázquez de Cuéllar, treasurer (contador mayor) of the kingdom of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Crown_of_Castile?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Crown of Castile">Castile</a>. During his time in the household of Don Velázquez, Íñigo took up dancing, fencing, gambling, the pursuit of the young ladies, and duelling.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Brodrick-10">[10]</a> Íñigo was keen on military exercises and was driven by a desire for fame. He patterned his life after the stories of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/El_Cid?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="El Cid">El Cid</a>, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Round_Table?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Round Table">knights of Camelot</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Song_of_Roland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="The Song of Roland">The Song of Roland</a> and other tales of romantic chivalry.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-17">[17]</a> He joined the army at seventeen, and according to one biographer, he strutted about "with his cape flying open to reveal his tight-fitting hose and boots; a sword and dagger at his waist".<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-sword-18">[18]</a> According to another he was "a fancy dresser, an expert dancer, a womanizer, sensitive to insult, and a rough punkish swordsman who used his privileged status to escape prosecution for violent crimes committed with his priest brother at carnival time."<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Traub-19">[19]</a> In 1509, aged 18, Íñigo took up arms for <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Antonio_Manrique_de_Lara,_2nd_Duke_of_N%C3%A1jera?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Antonio Manrique de Lara, 2nd Duke of Nájera">Antonio Manrique de Lara, 2nd Duke of Nájera</a>. His diplomacy and leadership qualities earned him the title "servant of the court", and made him very useful to the Duke.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-20">[20]</a> Under the Duke's leadership, Íñigo participated in many battles without injury. However at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Battle_of_Pamplona?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Pamplona">Battle of Pamplona</a> on 20 May 1521 he was gravely injured when <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_Iberian_Navarre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#1521_French-Navarrese_expedition" title="Spanish conquest of Iberian Navarre">a French-Navarrese expedition force</a> stormed the fortress of Pamplona, and a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Round_shot?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Round shot">cannonball</a> ricocheting off a nearby wall fractured his right leg.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-j1-21">[21]</a> Íñigo was returned to his father's castle in Loyola, where, in an era before <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anesthetic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Anesthetic">anesthetics</a>, he underwent several surgical operations to repair the leg, with his bones set and rebroken. In the end, the operations left his right leg shorter than the other. He would limp for the rest of his life, with his military career over.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Traub-19">[19]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Religious_conversion_and_visions">Religious conversion and visions</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ignatius_of_Loyola&action=edit&section=3&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Religious conversion and visions" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Manresa,_Cova_de_Sant_Ignasi-PM_58510.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Manresa%2C_Cova_de_Sant_Ignasi-PM_58510.jpg/220px-Manresa%2C_Cova_de_Sant_Ignasi-PM_58510.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="667" data-file-height="1000"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 330px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Manresa%2C_Cova_de_Sant_Ignasi-PM_58510.jpg/220px-Manresa%2C_Cova_de_Sant_Ignasi-PM_58510.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="330" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Manresa%2C_Cova_de_Sant_Ignasi-PM_58510.jpg/330px-Manresa%2C_Cova_de_Sant_Ignasi-PM_58510.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Manresa%2C_Cova_de_Sant_Ignasi-PM_58510.jpg/440px-Manresa%2C_Cova_de_Sant_Ignasi-PM_58510.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Manresa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Manresa">Manresa</a>, Chapel in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cave_of_Saint_Ignatius?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cave of Saint Ignatius">Cave of Saint Ignatius</a> where Ignatius practiced <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Asceticism?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Asceticism">asceticism</a> and conceived his Spiritual Exercises </figcaption> </figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"> While recovering from surgery, Íñigo underwent a spiritual conversion and discerned a call to the religious life. In order to divert the weary hours of convalescence, he asked for the romances of chivalry, his favourite reading, but there were none in the castle, and instead, his beloved sister-in-law, Magdalena de Araoz brought him the lives of Christ and of the saints.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-cathenc-7">[7]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-22">[22]</a> The religious work which most particularly struck him was the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vita_Christi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vita Christi">De Vita Christi</a> of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ludolph_of_Saxony?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ludolph of Saxony">Ludolph of Saxony</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-23">[23]</a> This book would influence his whole life, inspiring him to devote himself to God and follow the example of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Francis_of_Assisi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Francis of Assisi">Francis of Assisi</a> and other great monks. It also inspired his method of meditation, since Ludolph proposes that the reader place himself mentally at the scene of the Gospel story, visualising the crib at the Nativity, etc. This type of meditation, known as Simple Contemplation, was the basis for the method that Ignatius outlined in his <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Spiritual_Exercises?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spiritual Exercises">Spiritual Exercises</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-24">[24]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-25">[25]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-26">[26]</a> Aside from dreaming about imitating the saints in his readings, Íñigo was still wandering off in his mind about what "he would do in service to his king and in honour of the royal lady he was in love with". Cautiously he came to realize the after-effects of both kinds of his dreams. He experienced desolation and dissatisfaction when the romantic heroism dream was over, but, the saintly dream ended with much joy and peace. It was the first time he learned about <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Discernment_in_Christianity?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Discernment in Christianity">discernment</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Traub-19">[19]</a> After he had recovered sufficiently to walk again, Íñigo resolved to begin a pilgrimage to the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Holy_Land?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Holy Land">Holy Land</a> to "kiss the earth where our Lord had walked",<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Traub-19">[19]</a> and to do stricter <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Penance?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Penance">penances</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Heydt-27">[27]</a> He thought that his plan was confirmed by a vision of the Virgin Mary and the infant Jesus he experienced one night, which resulted in much consolation to him.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Heydt-27">[27]</a> In March 1522, he visited the Benedictine monastery of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Santa_Maria_de_Montserrat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Santa Maria de Montserrat">Santa Maria de Montserrat</a>. There, he carefully examined his past <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sins?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Sins">sins</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Confession_(Catholic_Church)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Confession (Catholic Church)">confessed</a>, gave his fine clothes to the poor he met, wore a "garment of sack-cloth", then hung his sword and dagger at <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Virgin_of_Montserrat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Virgin of Montserrat">the Virgin</a>'s altar during an overnight vigil at the shrine.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-cathenc-7">[7]</a> From Montserrat he walked on to the nearby town of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Manresa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Manresa">Manresa</a> (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catalonia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Catalonia">Catalonia</a>), where he lived for about a year, begging for his keep, and then eventually doing chores at a local hospital in exchange for food and lodging. For several months he spent much of his time praying in a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cave_of_Saint_Ignatius?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cave of Saint Ignatius">cave nearby</a> where he practised rigorous <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Asceticism?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Asceticism">asceticism</a>, praying for seven hours a day, and formulating the fundamentals of his Spiritual Exercises.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-28">[28]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-cave-29">[29]</a> Íñigo also experienced a series of visions in full daylight while at the hospital. These repeated visions appeared as "a form in the air near him and this form gave him much consolation because it was exceedingly beautiful ... it somehow seemed to have the shape of a serpent and had many things that shone like eyes, but were not eyes. He received much delight and consolation from gazing upon this object ... but when the object vanished he became disconsolate".<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-30">[30]</a> He came to interpret this vision as diabolical in nature.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-31">[31]</a> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <h2 id="Period_of_studies">Period of studies</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ignatius_of_Loyola&action=edit&section=4&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Period of studies" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> In September 1523, Íñigo made a pilgrimage to the Holy Land with the aim of settling there. He remained there from 3 to 23 September but was sent back to Europe by the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Franciscans?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Franciscans">Franciscans</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-32">[32]</a> He returned to Barcelona and at the age of 33 attended a free public grammar school in preparation for university entrance. He went on to the University of Alcalá,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-33">[33]</a> where he studied <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Theology?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Theology">theology</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Latin-language?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin-language">Latin</a> from 1526 to 1527.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-34">[34]</a> There he encountered a number of devout women who had been called before the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Spanish_Inquisition?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spanish Inquisition">Inquisition</a>. These women were considered <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alumbrados?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alumbrados">alumbrados</a> – a group linked in their zeal and spirituality to Franciscan reforms, but they had incurred mounting suspicion from the administrators of the Inquisition. Once when Íñigo was preaching on the street, three of these devout women began to experience ecstatic states. "One fell senseless, another sometimes rolled about on the ground, another had been seen in the grip of convulsions or shuddering and sweating in anguish." The suspicious activity took place while Íñigo had preached without a degree in theology. As a result, he was singled out for interrogation by the Inquisition but was later released.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-35">[35]</a> Following these risky activities, Íñigo (by this time, he had changed his name to Ignatius, probably to make it more acceptable to other Europeans) <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Verd2-13">[13]</a> adopted the surname "de Loyola" in reference to the Basque village of Loyola where he was born.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-encyc_brit-14">[14]</a> moved to France to study at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/University_of_Paris?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="University of Paris">University of Paris</a>. He attended first the ascetic <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Coll%C3%A8ge_de_Montaigu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Collège de Montaigu">Collège de Montaigu</a>, moving on to the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Coll%C3%A8ge_Sainte-Barbe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Collège Sainte-Barbe">Collège Sainte-Barbe</a> to study for a master's degree.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-36">[36]</a> He arrived in France at a time of anti-Protestant turmoil which had forced <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/John_Calvin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="John Calvin">John Calvin</a> to flee France. Very soon after, Ignatius had gathered around him six companions, all of them fellow students at the university.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-37">[37]</a> They were the Spaniards <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alfonso_Salmeron?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alfonso Salmeron">Alfonso Salmeron</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Diego_Laynez?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Diego Laynez">Diego Laynez</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Francis_Xavier?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Francis Xavier">Francis Xavier</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nicholas_Bobadilla?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nicholas Bobadilla">Nicholas Bobadilla</a>, with the Portuguese <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sim%C3%A3o_Rodrigues?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Simão Rodrigues">Simão Rodrigues</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Peter_Faber?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Peter Faber">Peter Faber</a>, a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sardinia_(1720%E2%80%931861)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kingdom of Sardinia (1720–1861)">Savoyard</a>, the latter two becoming his first companions,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Traub-19">[19]</a> and his closest associates in the foundation of the future Jesuit order.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-38">[38]</a> "On the morning of the 15th of August, 1534, in the chapel of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint-Pierre_de_Montmartre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Saint-Pierre de Montmartre">church of Saint Peter</a>, at Montmartre, Loyola and his six companions, of whom only one was a priest, met and took upon themselves the solemn vows of their lifelong work."<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-John_Clarke_Ridpath_pp.238-39">[39]</a> Ignatius gained a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Magister_degree?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Magister degree">Magisterium</a> from the University of Paris at the age of forty-three in 1535. In later life, he would often be called "Master Ignatius" because of this.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-John_Clarke_Ridpath_pp.238-39">[39]</a> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <h2 id="Foundation_of_the_Jesuit_order">Foundation of the Jesuit order</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ignatius_of_Loyola&action=edit&section=5&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Foundation of the Jesuit order" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> In 1539, with Peter Faber and Francis Xavier, Ignatius formed the Society of Jesus, which was approved in 1540 by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pope_Paul_III?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pope Paul III">Pope Paul III</a>. He was chosen as the first <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Superior_General_of_the_Society_of_Jesus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Superior General of the Society of Jesus">Superior General</a> of the order and invested with the title of "Father General" by the Jesuits.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-encyc_brit-14">[14]</a> Ignatius sent his companions on missions across Europe to create schools, colleges, and seminaries. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Juan_de_Vega?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Juan de Vega">Juan de Vega</a>, then ambassador of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Charles_V,_Holy_Roman_Emperor?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor">Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor</a> in Rome, met Ignatius there and having formed a good impression of the Jesuits, invited them to travel with him to his new appointment as <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Viceroy_of_Sicily?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Viceroy of Sicily">Viceroy of Sicily</a>. As a result, a Jesuit college was opened in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Messina?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Messina">Messina</a>, which proved a success, so that its rules and methods were later copied in subsequent colleges.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-40">[40]</a> In a letter to Francis Xavier before his departure to India in 1541, Ignatius famously used the Latin phrase "Ite, inflammate omnia", meaning, "Go, set the world on fire", a phrase used in the Jesuit order to this day.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-41">[41]</a> With the assistance of his secretary, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Juan_Alfonso_de_Polanco?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Juan Alfonso de Polanco">Juan Alfonso de Polanco</a>, Ignatius wrote the Jesuit Constitutions, which were adopted in 1553. They created a centralised organisation of the order,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-42">[42]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-43">[43]</a> and stressed absolute self-denial and obedience to the Pope and to superiors in the Church hierarchy. This was summarised in the motto perinde ac cadaver – "as if a dead body",<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-44">[44]</a> meaning that a Jesuit should be as empty of ego as is a corpse.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-45">[45]</a> However the overarching Jesuit principle became: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ad_maiorem_Dei_gloriam?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ad maiorem Dei gloriam">Ad maiorem Dei gloriam</a> ("for the greater glory of God").[<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 205px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px; height: 230px;"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Ignatius_Loyola_by_Francisco_Zurbaran.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Ignatius as Superior General"> <noscript> <img alt="Ignatius as Superior General" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Ignatius_Loyola_by_Francisco_Zurbaran.jpg/170px-Ignatius_Loyola_by_Francisco_Zurbaran.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="194" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1696" data-file-height="1931"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 194px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Ignatius_Loyola_by_Francisco_Zurbaran.jpg/170px-Ignatius_Loyola_by_Francisco_Zurbaran.jpg" data-alt="Ignatius as Superior General" data-width="170" data-height="194" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Ignatius_Loyola_by_Francisco_Zurbaran.jpg/255px-Ignatius_Loyola_by_Francisco_Zurbaran.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Ignatius_Loyola_by_Francisco_Zurbaran.jpg/340px-Ignatius_Loyola_by_Francisco_Zurbaran.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> Ignatius as Superior General </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 205px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 200px; height: 230px;"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Ignatius_of_Loyola,_Church_of_Ges%C3%B9,_Rome,_Jan_2013.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Statue of Saint Ignatius in the Church of the Gesù, Rome"> <noscript> <img alt="Statue of Saint Ignatius in the Church of the Gesù, Rome" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Ignatius_of_Loyola%2C_Church_of_Ges%C3%B9%2C_Rome%2C_Jan_2013.jpg/133px-Ignatius_of_Loyola%2C_Church_of_Ges%C3%B9%2C_Rome%2C_Jan_2013.jpg" decoding="async" width="133" height="200" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="6000"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 133px;height: 200px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Ignatius_of_Loyola%2C_Church_of_Ges%C3%B9%2C_Rome%2C_Jan_2013.jpg/133px-Ignatius_of_Loyola%2C_Church_of_Ges%C3%B9%2C_Rome%2C_Jan_2013.jpg" data-alt="Statue of Saint Ignatius in the Church of the Gesù, Rome" data-width="133" data-height="200" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Ignatius_of_Loyola%2C_Church_of_Ges%C3%B9%2C_Rome%2C_Jan_2013.jpg/200px-Ignatius_of_Loyola%2C_Church_of_Ges%C3%B9%2C_Rome%2C_Jan_2013.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Ignatius_of_Loyola%2C_Church_of_Ges%C3%B9%2C_Rome%2C_Jan_2013.jpg/266px-Ignatius_of_Loyola%2C_Church_of_Ges%C3%B9%2C_Rome%2C_Jan_2013.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> Statue of Saint Ignatius in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Church_of_the_Ges%C3%B9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Church of the Gesù">Church of the Gesù</a>, Rome </div></li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"> <h2 id="Death_and_canonization">Death and canonization</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ignatius_of_Loyola&action=edit&section=6&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Death and canonization" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> Ignatius died in Rome on 31 July 1556, probably of the "<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Roman_Fever_(disease)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Fever (disease)">Roman Fever</a>", a severe variant of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Malaria?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Malaria">malaria</a> which was endemic in Rome throughout medieval history. An autopsy revealed that he also had kidney and bladder stones, a probable cause of the abdominal pains he suffered from in later life.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-46">[46]</a>[<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>] The anatomist <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Realdo_Colombo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Realdo Colombo">Matteo Colombo</a> was present at the necropsy of St. Ignatius. He describes the results in his De re anatomica libre XV: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style> <blockquote class="templatequote"> I have taken out innumerable stones with my own hands, with various colors found in the kidneys, in the lungs, in the liver, and in the portal vein. For I saw stones in the ureters, in the bladder, in the colon, in the hemorrhoidal veins as well as in the umbilicus. Also in the gall bladder I found stones of various shapes and colors. <div class="templatequotecite"> — <cite>Matthew Colombo, De re anatomica libre XV<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Ficarra1942-47">[47]</a></cite> </div> </blockquote> From the facts presented, the exact cause of death cannot be established. The stones mentioned in the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder and gall bladder appear to indicate <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nephrolithiasis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Nephrolithiasis">nephrolithiasis</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cholelithiasis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Cholelithiasis">cholelithiasis</a>. The so-called stones in the veins appear to be thrombosed haemorrhoids. Those mentioned in the colon, liver, and lungs suggest the possibility of a malignant gastro-intestinal growth with metastases to the liver and lungs. Because of the inadequacy of the protocols of the sixteenth century, the exact final anatomical diagnosis on the autopsy of Ignatius cannot be established beyond doubt.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Ficarra1942-47">[47]</a> His body was dressed in his priestly robes, placed in a wooden coffin and buried in the crypt of the Maria della Strada Church on 1 August 1556. In 1568 the church was demolished and replaced with the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Church_of_the_Ges%C3%B9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Church of the Gesù">Church of the Gesù</a>. Ignatius' remains were reinterred in the new church in a new coffin.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Martin2013-48">[48]</a> Ignatius was beatified by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pope_Paul_V?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pope Paul V">Pope Paul V</a> on 27 July 1609, and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Canonization?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Canonization">canonized</a> by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pope_Gregory_XV?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pope Gregory XV">Pope Gregory XV</a> on 12 March 1622.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-49">[49]</a> His feast day is celebrated annually on 31 July, the day he died. He is venerated as the patron saint of Catholic soldiers, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Military_Ordinariate_of_the_Philippines?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Military Ordinariate of the Philippines">Military Ordinariate of the Philippines</a>, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Baltimore?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Baltimore">Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Baltimore</a>,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-50">[50]</a> in his native Basque Country, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Antwerp?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Antwerp">Roman Catholic Diocese of Antwerp</a>, Belo Horizonte, Junín, and Rome. </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"> <h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ignatius_of_Loyola&action=edit&section=7&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Legacy" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> Numerous institutions across the world are named for him, including many <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Loyola_(disambiguation)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Education" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Loyola (disambiguation)">educational institutions</a> and Ateneo University institutions in the Philippines. In 1852, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Loyola_University_Maryland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Loyola University Maryland">Loyola University Maryland</a> was the first university in the United States to bear his name. In 1949 he was the subject of a Spanish biographical film <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Loyola,_the_Soldier_Saint?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Loyola, the Soldier Saint">Loyola, the Soldier Saint</a> starring <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rafael_Dur%C3%A1n_(actor)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rafael Durán (actor)">Rafael Durán</a> in the role of Ignatius.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-51">[51]</a> In 2016, he was the subject of a Filipino film, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ignacio_de_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ignacio de Loyola">Ignacio de Loyola</a>, in which he was portrayed by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Andreas_Mu%C3%B1oz?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Andreas Muñoz">Andreas Muñoz</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-52">[52]</a> Ignatius of Loyola is honoured in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Calendar_of_saints_(Church_of_England)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Calendar of saints (Church of England)">Church of England</a> and in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Calendar_of_saints_(Episcopal_Church)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Calendar of saints (Episcopal Church)">Episcopal Church</a> on 31 July.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-53">[53]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-54">[54]</a> The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Temple_San_Ignacio_de_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Temple San Ignacio de Loyola">Saint Ignatius de Loyola Catholic Church</a>, built in 1905 in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/El_Paso,_Texas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="El Paso, Texas">El Paso, Texas</a>, is named for him. In <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/India?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="India">India</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Loyola_College,_Chennai?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Loyola College, Chennai">Loyola College, Chennai</a> is named after him. This college was founded in 1925 by the French <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jesuits?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jesuits">Jesuit</a> priest Francis Bertram (originally known as Père François Bertrand), along with other European Jesuits.[<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"> <h2 id="Genealogy">Genealogy</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ignatius_of_Loyola&action=edit&section=8&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Genealogy" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Blason_d%27Ignace_de_Loyola.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Blason_d%27Ignace_de_Loyola.svg/150px-Blason_d%27Ignace_de_Loyola.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="190" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="603" data-file-height="763"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 150px;height: 190px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Blason_d%27Ignace_de_Loyola.svg/150px-Blason_d%27Ignace_de_Loyola.svg.png" data-width="150" data-height="190" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Blason_d%27Ignace_de_Loyola.svg/225px-Blason_d%27Ignace_de_Loyola.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Blason_d%27Ignace_de_Loyola.svg/300px-Blason_d%27Ignace_de_Loyola.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Original shield of Oñaz-Loyola. </figcaption> </figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Shield_of_Oñaz-Loyola">Shield of Oñaz-Loyola</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ignatius_of_Loyola&action=edit&section=9&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Shield of Oñaz-Loyola" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The Shield of Oñaz-Loyola is a symbol of the Ignatius family's Oñaz lineage, and is used by many <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Society_of_Jesus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Society of Jesus">Jesuit</a> institutions around the world. As the official colours of the Loyola family are <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Maroon_(color)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Maroon (color)">maroon</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gold_(color)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gold (color)">gold</a>,<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-55">[55]</a> the Oñaz shield consists of seven maroon bars going diagonally from the upper left to the lower right on a gold field. The bands were granted by the King of Spain to each of the Oñaz brothers, in recognition of their bravery in battle. The Loyola shield features a pair of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rampant?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Rampant">rampant</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wolf?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wolf">grey wolves</a> flanking each side of a cooking pot. The wolf was a symbol of nobility, while the entire design represented the family's generosity towards their military followers. According to legend, wolves had enough to feast on after the soldiers had eaten. Both shields were combined as a result of the intermarriage of the two families in 1261.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-56">[56]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-57">[57]</a> Former coat of arms of the Argentine city, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jun%C3%ADn,_Buenos_Aires?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Junín, Buenos Aires">Junín, Buenos Aires</a> used until 1941 bore Loyola shield under the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sun_of_May?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sun of May">Sun of May</a> and surrounded by laurel wreath. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Lineage">Lineage</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ignatius_of_Loyola&action=edit&section=10&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Lineage" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ricardo_Garc%C3%ADa_Villoslada&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Ricardo García Villoslada (page does not exist)">Villoslada</a> [<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ricardo_Garc%25C3%25ADa_Villoslada" class="extiw" title="es:Ricardo García Villoslada">es</a>; <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ricardo_Gartzia_Villoslada" class="extiw" title="eu:Ricardo Gartzia Villoslada">eu</a>] established the following detailed genealogy of Ignatius of Loyola:<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-RGV-3">[3]</a> <table class="collapsible expanded" style="margin: 0.3em auto auto; clear:none; min-width:100%; width:100%; font-size:85%; border:1px solid #aaa"> <tbody> <tr> <th style="padding:0.2em 0.3em 0.2em 4.3em;background:none; color: inherit; width:100%">Lineage</th> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center"> <table style="border-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: separate; margin: 0 auto;"> <tbody> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"> <td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em">García López de Oñaz</td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td> </tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td> <td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td> <td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td> </tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"> <td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em">Lope de Oñaz</td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td> </tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td> <td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td> <td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td> </tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"> <td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em">López García de Oñaz</td> <td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em">Inés, dame of Loyola (~1261)</td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td> </tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"> <td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td> <td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td> </tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td> <td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td> <td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td> </tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em">Inés de Oñaz y Loyola (~end of the 13th century)</td> <td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em">Juan Pérez</td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td> </tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"> <td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td> <td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td> </tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td> <td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td> <td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td> </tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em">Juan Pérez</td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td> </tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td> <td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td> <td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td> <td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td> <td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td> <td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td> </tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"> <td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td> <td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td> <td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td> </tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em">Gil López de Oñaz</td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em">5 other brothers (see – battle of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Beotibar?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Beotibar">Beotibar</a>)</td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td> </tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td> <td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td> <td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td> </tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em">Beltrán Yáñez (el Ibáñez) de Loyola</td> <td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em">Ochanda Martínez de Leete from Azpeitia</td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td> </tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"> <td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td> <td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td> </tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td> <td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td> <td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td> </tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em">Lope García de Lazcano</td> <td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em">Sancha Ibáñez de Loyola</td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td> </tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"> <td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td> <td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td> </tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td> <td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td> <td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td> <td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td> <td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td> <td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td> </tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"> <td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td> <td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td> <td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td> <td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td> <td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td> <td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td> <td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td> <td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td> <td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td> <td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td> <td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td> <td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td> </tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"> <td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em">Sancha Pérez de Iraeta (+1473)</td> <td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em">Juan Pérez de Loyola</td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em">Maria Beltranche</td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em">Elvira</td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em">Emilia</td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em">Juanecha</td> </tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"> <td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td> <td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td> </tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td> <td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td> <td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td> </tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em">Don Beltrán Yáñez (vel Ibáñez) de Oñaz y Loyola (~ 1507)</td> <td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px dashed;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em">Doña Marina Sáenz (vel Sánchez) de Licona</td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td> </tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"> <td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td> <td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td> </tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td> <td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td> <td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td> <td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td> <td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td> <td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td> <td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td> <td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td> <td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td> </tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"> <td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td> <td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td> <td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td> <td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td> <td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td> <td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td> <td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td> <td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td> <td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td> <td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td> <td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td> <td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td> <td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td> <td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td> <td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td> <td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td> <td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td> <td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td> <td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td> <td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td> <td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td> <td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td> <td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td> <td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td> <td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td> </tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"> <td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em">Sancha Ibáñez de Loyola</td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em">Magdalena de Araoz</td> <td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td> <td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td> <td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em">Ochoa Pérez de Loyola</td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em">Pero López de Oñaz y Loyola</td> <td rowspan="2" style="border-right:1px solid;height:2em;width:1em"></td> <td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td> <td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em">Juaniza (vel Joaneiza) de Loyola</td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em">Maria Beltrán de Loyola</td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em">Juan Pérez de Loyola</td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td> </tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td> <td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td> <td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td> <td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td> <td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td> <td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td> <td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td> <td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td> <td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td> <td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td> <td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td> <td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td> <td style="border-right:1px solid;border-bottom:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td> <td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td> <td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:2em"></td> <td style="height:1em;border-bottom:1px solid;width:1em"></td> <td rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:1em"></td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td> </tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"> <td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td> <td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td> <td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td> <td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td> <td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td> <td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td> <td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td> <td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td> <td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td> <td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td> <td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td> <td style="height:1em;width:1em"></td> <td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" style="height:1em;width:2em"></td> <td style="border-right:1px solid;height:1em;width:1em"></td> </tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"> <td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em">Juan Beltrán de Loyola</td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em">Beltrán de Loyola</td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em">Hernando de Loyola</td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em">Magdalena de Loyola</td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em">Petronila de Loyola</td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="6" rowspan="2" style="border:2px solid;padding:0.2em">Iñigo López de Loyola</td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td> <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="height:2em;width:2em"></td> </tr> <tr style="height:1px;text-align:center"></tr> </tbody> </table></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left;">Notes: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style> <div class="reflist reflist-lower-roman"> </div></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mart%C3%ADn_Garc%C3%ADa_%C3%93%C3%B1ez_de_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Martín García Óñez de Loyola">Martín García Óñez de Loyola</a>, soldier and Governor of Chile killed by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mapuche?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mapuche">Mapuches</a> at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Battle_of_Curalaba?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Battle of Curalaba">Battle of Curalaba</a>, is likely Ignatius's nephew.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-58">[58]</a> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"> <h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ignatius_of_Loyola&action=edit&section=11&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Gallery" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 207.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 205.33333333333px;"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Tomb_of_St._Ignatius.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Tomb of Saint Ignatius, c. 1675"> <noscript> <img alt="Tomb of Saint Ignatius, c. 1675" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Tomb_of_St._Ignatius.jpg/308px-Tomb_of_St._Ignatius.jpg" decoding="async" width="206" height="154" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 206px;height: 154px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Tomb_of_St._Ignatius.jpg/308px-Tomb_of_St._Ignatius.jpg" data-alt="Tomb of Saint Ignatius, c. 1675" data-width="206" data-height="154" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Tomb_of_St._Ignatius.jpg/463px-Tomb_of_St._Ignatius.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Tomb_of_St._Ignatius.jpg/616px-Tomb_of_St._Ignatius.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> Tomb of Saint Ignatius, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1675 </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 220px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 218px;"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Apoteosis_de_San_Ignacio_1675_20131224.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Apotheosis of Saint Ignatius"> <noscript> <img alt="Apotheosis of Saint Ignatius" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Apoteosis_de_San_Ignacio_1675_20131224.jpg/327px-Apoteosis_de_San_Ignacio_1675_20131224.jpg" decoding="async" width="218" height="154" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1694"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 218px;height: 154px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Apoteosis_de_San_Ignacio_1675_20131224.jpg/327px-Apoteosis_de_San_Ignacio_1675_20131224.jpg" data-alt="Apotheosis of Saint Ignatius" data-width="218" data-height="154" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Apoteosis_de_San_Ignacio_1675_20131224.jpg/492px-Apoteosis_de_San_Ignacio_1675_20131224.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Apoteosis_de_San_Ignacio_1675_20131224.jpg/655px-Apoteosis_de_San_Ignacio_1675_20131224.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> Apotheosis of Saint Ignatius </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 96.666666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 94.666666666667px;"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:St_Ignatius_of_Loyola_(1491-1556)_Founder_of_the_Jesuits.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Portrait by Pieter Paul Rubens"> <noscript> <img alt="Portrait by Pieter Paul Rubens" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/St_Ignatius_of_Loyola_%281491-1556%29_Founder_of_the_Jesuits.jpg/142px-St_Ignatius_of_Loyola_%281491-1556%29_Founder_of_the_Jesuits.jpg" decoding="async" width="95" height="154" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1956" data-file-height="3182"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 95px;height: 154px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/St_Ignatius_of_Loyola_%281491-1556%29_Founder_of_the_Jesuits.jpg/142px-St_Ignatius_of_Loyola_%281491-1556%29_Founder_of_the_Jesuits.jpg" data-alt="Portrait by Pieter Paul Rubens" data-width="95" data-height="154" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/St_Ignatius_of_Loyola_%281491-1556%29_Founder_of_the_Jesuits.jpg/213px-St_Ignatius_of_Loyola_%281491-1556%29_Founder_of_the_Jesuits.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/St_Ignatius_of_Loyola_%281491-1556%29_Founder_of_the_Jesuits.jpg/284px-St_Ignatius_of_Loyola_%281491-1556%29_Founder_of_the_Jesuits.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> Portrait by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pieter_Paul_Rubens?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Pieter Paul Rubens">Pieter Paul Rubens</a> </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 116px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 114px;"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Peter_Paul_Rubens33.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Visions of Ignatius, 1617–18, Peter Paul Rubens"> <noscript> <img alt="Visions of Ignatius, 1617–18, Peter Paul Rubens" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Peter_Paul_Rubens33.jpg/171px-Peter_Paul_Rubens33.jpg" decoding="async" width="114" height="154" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3076" data-file-height="4161"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 114px;height: 154px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Peter_Paul_Rubens33.jpg/171px-Peter_Paul_Rubens33.jpg" data-alt="Visions of Ignatius, 1617–18, Peter Paul Rubens" data-width="114" data-height="154" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Peter_Paul_Rubens33.jpg/256px-Peter_Paul_Rubens33.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Peter_Paul_Rubens33.jpg/341px-Peter_Paul_Rubens33.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> Visions of Ignatius, 1617–18, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Peter_Paul_Rubens?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Peter Paul Rubens">Peter Paul Rubens</a> </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 131.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 129.33333333333px;"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Virgin_Mary_with_Infant_Jesus_and_Her_Fifteen_Mysteries,_Loyola_and_Francis_Xavier_Kyoto_University_Museum.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Virgin Mary with Infant Jesus and Her Fifteen Mysteries. Bottom centre: Ignatius of Loyola (left) and Francis Xavier (right)"> <noscript> <img alt="Virgin Mary with Infant Jesus and Her Fifteen Mysteries. Bottom centre: Ignatius of Loyola (left) and Francis Xavier (right)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Virgin_Mary_with_Infant_Jesus_and_Her_Fifteen_Mysteries%2C_Loyola_and_Francis_Xavier_Kyoto_University_Museum.png/194px-Virgin_Mary_with_Infant_Jesus_and_Her_Fifteen_Mysteries%2C_Loyola_and_Francis_Xavier_Kyoto_University_Museum.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="154" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1902"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 130px;height: 154px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Virgin_Mary_with_Infant_Jesus_and_Her_Fifteen_Mysteries%2C_Loyola_and_Francis_Xavier_Kyoto_University_Museum.png/194px-Virgin_Mary_with_Infant_Jesus_and_Her_Fifteen_Mysteries%2C_Loyola_and_Francis_Xavier_Kyoto_University_Museum.png" data-alt="Virgin Mary with Infant Jesus and Her Fifteen Mysteries. Bottom centre: Ignatius of Loyola (left) and Francis Xavier (right)" data-width="130" data-height="154" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Virgin_Mary_with_Infant_Jesus_and_Her_Fifteen_Mysteries%2C_Loyola_and_Francis_Xavier_Kyoto_University_Museum.png/292px-Virgin_Mary_with_Infant_Jesus_and_Her_Fifteen_Mysteries%2C_Loyola_and_Francis_Xavier_Kyoto_University_Museum.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Virgin_Mary_with_Infant_Jesus_and_Her_Fifteen_Mysteries%2C_Loyola_and_Francis_Xavier_Kyoto_University_Museum.png/389px-Virgin_Mary_with_Infant_Jesus_and_Her_Fifteen_Mysteries%2C_Loyola_and_Francis_Xavier_Kyoto_University_Museum.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> Virgin Mary with Infant Jesus and Her Fifteen Mysteries. Bottom centre: Ignatius of Loyola (left) and Francis Xavier (right) </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 224.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 222.66666666667px;"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Podroze_Loyoli.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="The journeys of Ignatius of Loyola at different times"> <noscript> <img alt="The journeys of Ignatius of Loyola at different times" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Podroze_Loyoli.svg/334px-Podroze_Loyoli.svg.png" decoding="async" width="223" height="154" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="6294" data-file-height="4358"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 223px;height: 154px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Podroze_Loyoli.svg/334px-Podroze_Loyoli.svg.png" data-alt="The journeys of Ignatius of Loyola at different times" data-width="223" data-height="154" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Podroze_Loyoli.svg/501px-Podroze_Loyoli.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Podroze_Loyoli.svg/667px-Podroze_Loyoli.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> The journeys of Ignatius of Loyola at different times </div></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 290px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 288px;"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:St_Ignatius_Spiritual_Exercises_c_1600.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="A page from Spiritual Exercises"> <noscript> <img alt="A page from Spiritual Exercises" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/St_Ignatius_Spiritual_Exercises_c_1600.jpg/432px-St_Ignatius_Spiritual_Exercises_c_1600.jpg" decoding="async" width="288" height="154" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1740" data-file-height="932"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 288px;height: 154px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/St_Ignatius_Spiritual_Exercises_c_1600.jpg/432px-St_Ignatius_Spiritual_Exercises_c_1600.jpg" data-alt="A page from Spiritual Exercises" data-width="288" data-height="154" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/St_Ignatius_Spiritual_Exercises_c_1600.jpg/648px-St_Ignatius_Spiritual_Exercises_c_1600.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/St_Ignatius_Spiritual_Exercises_c_1600.jpg/863px-St_Ignatius_Spiritual_Exercises_c_1600.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> </div> <div class="gallerytext"> A page from <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Spiritual_Exercises?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spiritual Exercises">Spiritual Exercises</a> </div></li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"> <h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ignatius_of_Loyola&action=edit&section=12&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Bibliography" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <ul> <li>The Spiritual Exercises of St Ignatius, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/TAN_Books?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="TAN Books">TAN Books</a>, 2010. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89555-153-5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-89555-153-5">978-0-89555-153-5</a></li> <li>Ignatius of Loyola, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Spiritual_Exercises?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spiritual Exercises">Spiritual Exercises</a>, London, 2012. limovia.net <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78336-012-3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78336-012-3">978-1-78336-012-3</a></li> <li> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLoyola1964" class="citation book cs1">Loyola, (St.) Ignatius (1964). The Spiritual Exercises of St. Ignatius. Anthony Mottola. Garden City: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Doubleday_(publisher)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Doubleday (publisher)">Doubleday</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-385-02436-5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-385-02436-5"><bdi>978-0-385-02436-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Spiritual+Exercises+of+St.+Ignatius&rft.place=Garden+City&rft.pub=Doubleday&rft.date=1964&rft.isbn=978-0-385-02436-5&rft.aulast=Loyola&rft.aufirst=%28St.%29+Ignatius&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIgnatius+of+Loyola" class="Z3988"></li> <li> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLoyola1900" class="citation book cs1">Loyola, (St.) Ignatius (1900). Joseph O'Conner (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/stignatiusautobi00ignauoft">The Autobiography of St. Ignatius</a>. New York: Benziger Brothers. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1360267">1360267</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Autobiography+of+St.+Ignatius&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Benziger+Brothers&rft.date=1900&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1360267&rft.aulast=Loyola&rft.aufirst=%28St.%29+Ignatius&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fstignatiusautobi00ignauoft&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIgnatius+of+Loyola" class="Z3988"> For information on the O'Conner and other translations, see notes in A Pilgrim's Journey: The Autobiography of Ignatius of Loyola <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DMi3EXeX5bnYC%26dq%3D%2522the%2Bautobiography%2Bof%2Bst%2Bignatius%2Bloyola%2522%26pg%3DPA12">pp. 11–12</a>.</li> <li> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLoyola1992" class="citation book cs1">Loyola, (St.) Ignatius (1992). John Olin (ed.). The Autobiography of St. Ignatius Loyola, with Related Documents. New York: Fordham University Press. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8232-1480-X?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/0-8232-1480-X"><bdi>0-8232-1480-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Autobiography+of+St.+Ignatius+Loyola%2C+with+Related+Documents&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Fordham+University+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=0-8232-1480-X&rft.aulast=Loyola&rft.aufirst=%28St.%29+Ignatius&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIgnatius+of+Loyola" class="Z3988"></li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"> <h2 id="See_also">See also</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ignatius_of_Loyola&action=edit&section=13&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style> <ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Gloriole_blur.svg/32px-Gloriole_blur.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="28" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="28"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 32px;height: 28px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Gloriole_blur.svg/32px-Gloriole_blur.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="32" data-height="28" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Gloriole_blur.svg/48px-Gloriole_blur.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Gloriole_blur.svg/64px-Gloriole_blur.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portal:Saints?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portal:Saints">Saints portal</a></li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ignatian_Spirituality?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ignatian Spirituality">Ignatian Spirituality</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/List_of_Jesuits?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="List of Jesuits">List of Jesuits</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Marie-Madeleine_d%27Hou%C3%ABt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Marie-Madeleine d'Houët">Marie-Madeleine d'Houët</a> foundress of the Sisters, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Faithful_Companions_of_Jesus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Faithful Companions of Jesus">Faithful Companions of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mart%C3%ADn_Ignacio_de_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Martín Ignacio de Loyola">Martín Ignacio de Loyola</a></li> <li>The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cave_of_Saint_Ignatius?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cave of Saint Ignatius">Cave of Saint Ignatius</a>, a sanctuary built where Ignatius of Loyola reflected for 11 months in a grotto, in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Manresa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Manresa">Manresa</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Isabella_Roser?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Isabella Roser">Isabella Roser</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Isabel_de_Josa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Isabel de Josa">Isabel de Josa</a>, wealthy Catalan women who were Loyola's benefactors from the 1520s onwards.</li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(10)"> <h2 id="References">References</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ignatius_of_Loyola&action=edit&section=14&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-10 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-10"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"> <div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-1">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DbEq7DwAAQBAJ">Lesser Feasts and Fasts 2018</a>. Church Publishing, Inc. 2019. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-64065-235-4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-64065-235-4"><bdi>978-1-64065-235-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lesser+Feasts+and+Fasts+2018&rft.pub=Church+Publishing%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-1-64065-235-4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbEq7DwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIgnatius+of+Loyola" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-2">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tbcschools.ca/st-ignatius/about/patron-saint%23:~:text%3DHe%2520is%2520the%2520patron%2520saint,foremost%2520patron%2520saint%2520of%2520soldiers.">"Patron Saint"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Patron+Saint&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftbcschools.ca%2Fst-ignatius%2Fabout%2Fpatron-saint%23%3A~%3Atext%3DHe%2520is%2520the%2520patron%2520saint%2Cforemost%2520patron%2520saint%2520of%2520soldiers.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIgnatius+of+Loyola" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-RGV-3">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-RGV_3-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-RGV_3-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGarcía_Villoslada1986" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">García Villoslada, Ricardo (1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DMmRvpVZQrEAC">San Ignacio de Loyola: Nueva biografía</a> (in Spanish). La Editorial Católica. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/84-220-1267-7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/84-220-1267-7"><bdi>84-220-1267-7</bdi></a>. <q>We deduce that, (...), Iñigo de Loyola should have been born before 23 October 1491.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=San+Ignacio+de+Loyola%3A+Nueva+biograf%C3%ADa&rft.pub=La+Editorial+Cat%C3%B3lica&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=84-220-1267-7&rft.aulast=Garc%C3%ADa+Villoslada&rft.aufirst=Ricardo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMmRvpVZQrEAC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIgnatius+of+Loyola" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-Idig-4"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Idig_4-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIdígoras_Tellechea1994" class="citation book cs1">Idígoras Tellechea, José Ignacio (1994). "When was he born? His nurse's account". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/ignatiusofloyola00jign">Ignatius of Loyola: The Pilgrim Saint</a>. Chicago: Loyola University Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/ignatiusofloyola00jign/page/45">45</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8294-0779-0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/0-8294-0779-0"><bdi>0-8294-0779-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=When+was+he+born%3F+His+nurse%27s+account&rft.btitle=Ignatius+of+Loyola%3A+The+Pilgrim+Saint&rft.place=Chicago&rft.pages=45&rft.pub=Loyola+University+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=0-8294-0779-0&rft.aulast=Id%C3%ADgoras+Tellechea&rft.aufirst=Jos%C3%A9+Ignacio&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fignatiusofloyola00jign&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIgnatius+of+Loyola" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-5">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIgnatius_of_Loyola1970" class="citation book cs1">Ignatius of Loyola (1970). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3Dk_oPAQAAIAAJ">The Constitutions of the Society of Jesus</a>. Translated by Ganss, George E. Institute of Jesuit Sources. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3Dk_oPAQAAIAAJ%26q%3D529%2B%2522The%2Bentire%2Bmeaning%2Bof%2Bthis%2Bfourth%2Bvow%2Bof%2Bobedience%2Bto%2Bthe%2Bpope3%2Bwas%2Band%2Bis%2Bin%2Bregard%2Bto%2Bthe%2Bmissions%2522%2522this%2Bobedience%2Bis%2Btreated:%2Bin%2Beverything%2Bwhich%2Bthe%2Bsovereign%2Bpontiff%2Bcommands%2522">249 [No. 529]</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780912422206?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/9780912422206"><bdi>9780912422206</bdi></a>. <q>The entire meaning of this fourth vow of obedience to the pope was and is in regard to the missions ... this obedience is treated: in everything which the sovereign pontiff commands.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Constitutions+of+the+Society+of+Jesus&rft.pages=249+%26%2391%3BNo.+529%26%2393%3B&rft.pub=Institute+of+Jesuit+Sources&rft.date=1970&rft.isbn=9780912422206&rft.au=Ignatius+of+Loyola&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dk_oPAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIgnatius+of+Loyola" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-6">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNugent1974" class="citation book cs1">Nugent, Donald (1974). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/ecumenisminageof00dona/page/189">Ecumenism in the Age of the Reformation: The Colloquy of Poissy</a>. Harvard University Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/ecumenisminageof00dona/page/189">189</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-674-23725-0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/0-674-23725-0"><bdi>0-674-23725-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ecumenism+in+the+Age+of+the+Reformation%3A+The+Colloquy+of+Poissy&rft.pages=189&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=1974&rft.isbn=0-674-23725-0&rft.aulast=Nugent&rft.aufirst=Donald&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fecumenisminageof00dona%2Fpage%2F189&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIgnatius+of+Loyola" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-cathenc-7">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-cathenc_7-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-cathenc_7-1">b</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-cathenc_7-2">c</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-cathenc_7-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohn_Hungerford_Pollen1913" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/John_Hungerford_Pollen_(Jesuit)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="John Hungerford Pollen (Jesuit)">John Hungerford Pollen</a> (1913). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07639c.htm">"St. Ignatius Loyola"</a>. In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a>. New York: Robert Appleton Company. Retrieved 28 June 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=St._Ignatius_Loyola&rft.btitle=Catholic+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Robert+Appleton+Company&rft.date=1913&rft.au=John+Hungerford+Pollen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newadvent.org%2Fcathen%2F07639c.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIgnatius+of+Loyola" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-8">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPurcell1965" class="citation book cs1">Purcell, Mary (1965). The First Jesuit. US: Image Books edition. p. 22.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+First+Jesuit&rft.place=US&rft.pages=22&rft.pub=Image+Books+edition&rft.date=1965&rft.aulast=Purcell&rft.aufirst=Mary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIgnatius+of+Loyola" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-9">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOrella2013" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Orella, Jose Luis (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.ingeba.org/lurralde/lurranet/lur36/36orella.pdf">"Territorio y Sociedad en la Gipuzkoa Medieval: Los Parientes Mayores"</a> [Territory and Society in Medieval Gipuzkoa: The Elders] (PDF). Lurralde: Investigación y espacio (in Spanish). 36: 100–101. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0211-5891">0211-5891</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lurralde%3A+Investigaci%C3%B3n+y+espacio&rft.atitle=Territorio+y+Sociedad+en+la+Gipuzkoa+Medieval%3A+Los+Parientes+Mayores&rft.volume=36&rft.pages=100-101&rft.date=2013&rft.issn=0211-5891&rft.aulast=Orella&rft.aufirst=Jose+Luis&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ingeba.org%2Flurralde%2Flurranet%2Flur36%2F36orella.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIgnatius+of+Loyola" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-Brodrick-10">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Brodrick_10-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Brodrick_10-1">b</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Brodrick_10-2">c</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DI1IPAAAAMAAJ%26q%3DIgnatius%2Bof%2BLoyola">Brodrick SJ, James. Saint Ignatius Loyola: The Pilgrim Years, New York. Farrar, Straus and Cudahy, 1956, p. 28</a></li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-11">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20131110164023/http://www.euskaltzaindia.org/index.php?option%3Dcom_eoda%26Itemid%3D191%26lang%3Des%26testua%3Deneko%26view%3Dizenak">"Nombres: Eneko"</a>. Euskaltzaindia (The Royal Academy of the Basque Language). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.euskaltzaindia.org/index.php?option%3Dcom_eoda%26Itemid%3D191%26lang%3Des%26testua%3Deneko%26view%3Dizenak">the original</a> on 10 November 2013. Retrieved 23 April 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nombres%3A+Eneko&rft.pub=Euskaltzaindia+%28The+Royal+Academy+of+the+Basque+Language%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.euskaltzaindia.org%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_eoda%26Itemid%3D191%26lang%3Des%26testua%3Deneko%26view%3Dizenak&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIgnatius+of+Loyola" class="Z3988"> Article in Spanish</li> <li id="cite_note-Verd1-12"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Verd1_12-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVerd1976" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Verd, Gabriel María (1976). "El "Íñigo" de San Ignacio de Loyola". Archivum Historicum Societatis Iesu (in Spanish). 45. Roma: Institutum Historicum Societatis Iesu: 95–128. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0037-8887">0037-8887</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archivum+Historicum+Societatis+Iesu&rft.atitle=El+%22%C3%8D%C3%B1igo%22+de+San+Ignacio+de+Loyola&rft.volume=45&rft.pages=95-128&rft.date=1976&rft.issn=0037-8887&rft.aulast=Verd&rft.aufirst=Gabriel+Mar%C3%ADa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIgnatius+of+Loyola" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-Verd2-13">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Verd2_13-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Verd2_13-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVerd1991" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Verd, Gabriel María (1991). "De Iñigo a Ignacio. El cambio de nombre en San Ignacio de Loyola". Archivum Historicum Societatis Iesu (in Spanish). 60. Roma: Institutum Historicum Societatis Iesu: 113–160. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0037-8887">0037-8887</a>. <q>That St. Ignatius of Loyola's name was changed is a known fact, but it cannot be said that it is widely known in the historiography of the saint – neither the characteristics of the names Iñigo and Ignacio nor the reasons for the change. It is first necessary to make clear the meaning of the names; they are distinct, despite the persistently held opinion in onomastic (dictionaries) and popular thought. In Spain Ignacio and Iñigo are at times used interchangeably just as if they were Jacobo and Jaime. Regarding the name Iñigo, it is fitting to give some essential notions to eliminate ambiguities and help understand what follows. This name first appears on the Ascoli brome (dated November 18, 90 BC), in a list of Spanish knights belonging to a Turma salluitana or Saragossan. It speaks of Elandus Enneces f[ilius], and according to Menéndez Pidal, the final «s» is the «z» of Spanish patronymics and could be nothing other than Elando Iñiguez. It is an ancestral Hispanic name. Ignacio, on the other hand, is a Latin name. In classical Latin, there is Egnatius with an initial E. It appears only twice with an initial I (Ignatius) in the sixty volumes of the Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum. This late Latin and Greek form prevailed. In the classical period, Egnatius was used as a nomen (gentilitial name) and not as a praenomen (first name) or cognomen (surname), except in very rare cases. (...) The most important conclusion, perhaps unexpected, but not unknown, is that St. Ignatius did not change his name. That is to say, he did not intend to change it. What he did was to adopt for France and Italy a name which he believed was a simple variant of his own, and which was more acceptable among foreigners.... If he had remained in Spain, he would have, without doubt, remained Iñigo.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archivum+Historicum+Societatis+Iesu&rft.atitle=De+I%C3%B1igo+a+Ignacio.+El+cambio+de+nombre+en+San+Ignacio+de+Loyola&rft.volume=60&rft.pages=113-160&rft.date=1991&rft.issn=0037-8887&rft.aulast=Verd&rft.aufirst=Gabriel+Mar%C3%ADa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIgnatius+of+Loyola" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-encyc_brit-14">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-encyc_brit_14-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-encyc_brit_14-1">b</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-encyc_brit_14-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.britannica.com/biography/St-Ignatius-of-Loyola">"Saint Ignatius of Loyola: Biography, Patron Saint Of, Feast Day, & Facts"</a>. Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 20 June 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Saint+Ignatius+of+Loyola%3A+Biography%2C+Patron+Saint+Of%2C+Feast+Day%2C+%26+Facts&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FSt-Ignatius-of-Loyola&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIgnatius+of+Loyola" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-15">^</a> Ignatius of Loyola: The Psychology of a Saint; <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=William_W._Meissner&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="William W. Meissner (page does not exist)">W.W. Meissner S.J. M.D.</a> [<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Walter_Meissner" class="extiw" title="de:William Walter Meissner">de</a>], Yale University Press, 1992. p. 9.</li> <li id="cite_note-domenichino_painting-16"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-domenichino_painting_16-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://collections.lacma.org/node/224587">"Saint Ignatius of Loyola's Vision of Christ and God the Father at La Storta"</a>. lacma.org. Los Angeles County Museum of Art (LACMA). 30 November 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=lacma.org&rft.atitle=Saint+Ignatius+of+Loyola%27s+Vision+of+Christ+and+God+the+Father+at+La+Storta&rft.date=2016-11-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcollections.lacma.org%2Fnode%2F224587&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIgnatius+of+Loyola" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-17">^</a> Ironically, the Song of Roland has Roland slain by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Moors?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Moors">Moors</a>, when historically his death was at the hands of Basques like Íñigo himself.</li> <li id="cite_note-sword-18"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-sword_18-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCohen2003" class="citation book cs1">Cohen, Richard (2003). By the Sword: A History of Gladiators, Musketeers, Samurai, Swashbucklers, and Olympic Champions. Modern Library Paperbacks. p. 58. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/604851469">604851469</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=By+the+Sword%3A+A+History+of+Gladiators%2C+Musketeers%2C+Samurai%2C+Swashbucklers%2C+and+Olympic+Champions&rft.pages=58&rft.pub=Modern+Library+Paperbacks&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F604851469&rft.aulast=Cohen&rft.aufirst=Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIgnatius+of+Loyola" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-Traub-19">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Traub_19-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Traub_19-1">b</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Traub_19-2">c</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Traub_19-3">d</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Traub_19-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeorge_TraubDebra_Mooney" class="citation web cs1">George Traub; Debra Mooney. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20170828012052/http://www.xavier.edu/mission-identity/heritage-tradition/who-was-St-Ignatius-Loyola.cfm">"Biography of St. Ignatius Loyola (1491–1556): The Founder of the Jesuits"</a>. Xavier University. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.xavier.edu/mission-identity/heritage-tradition/who-was-St-Ignatius-Loyola.cfm">the original</a> on 28 August 2017. Retrieved 14 October 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Biography+of+St.+Ignatius+Loyola+%281491%E2%80%931556%29%3A+The+Founder+of+the+Jesuits&rft.pub=Xavier+University&rft.au=George+Traub&rft.au=Debra+Mooney&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.xavier.edu%2Fmission-identity%2Fheritage-tradition%2Fwho-was-St-Ignatius-Loyola.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIgnatius+of+Loyola" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-20">^</a> In Spanish the title was "Gentilhombre", but this should not be understood as synonymous with the English term gentleman, which denotes a man of good family. See Thomas Rochford, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20071015224602/http://sjweb.info/jesuits/ignatius.cfm">title=St. Ignatius Loyola: the pilgrim and man of prayer who founded the Society of Jesus "St. Ignatius Loyola: the pilgrim and man of prayer who founded the Society of Jesus"</a>, accessed 15 November 2007.]</li> <li id="cite_note-j1-21"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-j1_21-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMariani" class="citation web cs1">Mariani, Antonio. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/stream/lifeofstignatius01mari/lifeofstignatius01mari_djvu.txt">"The Life of St. Ignatius Loyola, Founder of the Jesuits"</a>. Thomas Richardson. Retrieved 1 June 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Life+of+St.+Ignatius+Loyola%2C+Founder+of+the+Jesuits&rft.pub=Thomas+Richardson&rft.aulast=Mariani&rft.aufirst=Antonio&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Flifeofstignatius01mari%2Flifeofstignatius01mari_djvu.txt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIgnatius+of+Loyola" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-22">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDyckmanGarvinLiebert2001" class="citation book cs1">Dyckman, Katherine Marie; Garvin, Mary; Liebert, Elizabeth (2001). The Spiritual Exercises Reclaimed: Uncovering Liberating Possibilities for Women. Mahwah, New Jersey: Paulist Press. p. 30. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780809140435?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/9780809140435"><bdi>9780809140435</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Spiritual+Exercises+Reclaimed%3A+Uncovering+Liberating+Possibilities+for+Women&rft.place=Mahwah%2C+New+Jersey&rft.pages=30&rft.pub=Paulist+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=9780809140435&rft.aulast=Dyckman&rft.aufirst=Katherine+Marie&rft.au=Garvin%2C+Mary&rft.au=Liebert%2C+Elizabeth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIgnatius+of+Loyola" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-23">^</a> De Vita Christi is a commentary on the Gospels, using extracts from the works of over sixty <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Church_Fathers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Church Fathers">Church Fathers</a>, and particularly quoting from <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pope_Gregory_I?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pope Gregory I">St Gregory the Great</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/St_Basil?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="St Basil">St Basil</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/St_Augustine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="St Augustine">St Augustine</a> and the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Venerable_Bede?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Venerable Bede">Venerable Bede</a>. This work took Ludolph forty years to complete.</li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-24">^</a> Sr Mary Immaculate Bodenstedt, "The Vita Christi of Ludolphus the Carthusian", a Dissertation, Washington: Catholic University of America Press 1944 British Library Catalogue No. Ac2692.y/29.(16).</li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-25">^</a> "The Vita Christi" by Charles Abbot Conway Analecta Cartusiana 34</li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-26">^</a> "Ludolph's Life of Christ" by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Henry_James_Coleridge?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Henry James Coleridge">Father Henry James Coleridge</a> in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Month?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The Month">The Month</a> Vol. 17 (New Series VI) July–December 1872, pp. 337–370</li> <li id="cite_note-Heydt-27">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Heydt_27-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Heydt_27-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMargo_J._HeydtSarah_J._Melcher2008" class="citation web cs1">Margo J. Heydt; Sarah J. Melcher (May 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20170830104232/http://www.xavier.edu/jesuitresource/jesuit-a-z/Mary,-the-Hidden-Catalyst-Reflections-from-an-Ignatian-Pilgrimage-to-Spain-and-Rome.cfm">"Mary, the Hidden Catalyst: Reflections from an Ignatian Pilgrimage to Spain and Rome"</a>. Xavier University. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.xavier.edu/jesuitresource/jesuit-a-z/Mary,-the-Hidden-Catalyst-Reflections-from-an-Ignatian-Pilgrimage-to-Spain-and-Rome.cfm">the original</a> on 30 August 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mary%2C+the+Hidden+Catalyst%3A+Reflections+from+an+Ignatian+Pilgrimage+to+Spain+and+Rome&rft.pub=Xavier+University&rft.date=2008-05&rft.au=Margo+J.+Heydt&rft.au=Sarah+J.+Melcher&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.xavier.edu%2Fjesuitresource%2Fjesuit-a-z%2FMary%2C-the-Hidden-Catalyst-Reflections-from-an-Ignatian-Pilgrimage-to-Spain-and-Rome.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIgnatius+of+Loyola" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-28">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSabau2008" class="citation book cs1"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Antoaneta_Sab%C4%83u?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Antoaneta Sabău">Sabau, Antoaneta</a> (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sierra.ceu.edu/search?/aSabau,%2BAntoaneta/asabau%2Bantoaneta/-3,-1,0,B/frameset%26FF%3Dasabau%2Bantoaneta%261,1,?save%3Db1135853">Translation and identity in the Spiritual Exercises of Ignatius of Loyola</a>. CEU Medieval Studies Department. Budapest: Central European University.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Translation+and+identity+in+the+Spiritual+Exercises+of+Ignatius+of+Loyola&rft.place=Budapest&rft.series=CEU+Medieval+Studies+Department&rft.pub=Central+European+University&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Sabau&rft.aufirst=Antoaneta&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsierra.ceu.edu%2Fsearch%3F%2FaSabau%2C%2BAntoaneta%2Fasabau%2Bantoaneta%2F-3%2C-1%2C0%2CB%2Fframeset%26FF%3Dasabau%2Bantoaneta%261%2C1%2C%3Fsave%3Db1135853&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIgnatius+of+Loyola" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-cave-29"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-cave_29-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.covamanresa.cat/index.php?option%3Dcom_content%26view%3Darticle%26id%3D45%26Itemid%3D65%26lang%3Den">"The Cave an artistic heritage"</a>. The Cave. Place of pilgrimage and worship. Retrieved 4 August 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Cave.+Place+of+pilgrimage+and+worship&rft.atitle=The+Cave+an+artistic+heritage&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.covamanresa.cat%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26view%3Darticle%26id%3D45%26Itemid%3D65%26lang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIgnatius+of+Loyola" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-30">^</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jean_Lacouture?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jean Lacouture">Jean Lacouture</a>, Jesuits, A Multibiography, Washington, D.C.: Counterpoint, 1995, p. 18.</li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-31">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDemski2014" class="citation book cs1">Demski, Eric (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DYkH2AwAAQBAJ">Living by the Sword</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bloomington,_Indiana?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bloomington, Indiana">Bloomington, Indiana</a>: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Trafford_Publishing?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Trafford Publishing">Trafford Publishing</a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3DYkH2AwAAQBAJ%26dq%3D%2522Although%2Bbeautiful%2Band%2Bseemingly%2Bheaven-sent,%2BIgnatius%2Bdetermined%2Bthis%2Bvision%2Bdiabolical%2Bin%2Bnature.%2BIgnatius%2Bignored%2Bthe%2Bvision,%2Band%2Bcontinued%2Bto%2Bpray969%2522%26pg%3DPA289">289</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-490-73607-5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-490-73607-5"><bdi>978-1-490-73607-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Living+by+the+Sword&rft.place=Bloomington%2C+Indiana&rft.pages=289&rft.pub=Trafford+Publishing&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-490-73607-5&rft.aulast=Demski&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYkH2AwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIgnatius+of+Loyola" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-32">^</a> Twelve years later, standing before the Pope with his companions, Ignatius again proposed sending his companions as emissaries to Jerusalem. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jean_Lacouture?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jean Lacouture">Jean Lacouture</a>, Jesuits, A Multibiography, Washington, D.C.: Counterpoint, 1995, p. 24.</li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-33">^</a> That is, the present-day <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Complutense_University_of_Madrid?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Complutense University of Madrid">Complutense University of Madrid</a>, not the newer <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/University_of_Alcal%C3%A1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="University of Alcalá">University of Alcalá</a> established in 1977.</li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-34">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLonghurst1957" class="citation journal cs1">Longhurst, John E. (1 January 1957). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.proquest.com/openview/bee6f6ce71d91e5c8112f7c0e68a6478/1?pq-origsite%3Dgscholar%26cbl%3D1816727">"Saint Ignatius at Alcalá. 1526–1527"</a>. Archivum Historicum Societatis Iesu. 26: 252–256.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Archivum+Historicum+Societatis+Iesu&rft.atitle=Saint+Ignatius+at+Alcal%C3%A1.+1526%E2%80%931527&rft.volume=26&rft.pages=252-256&rft.date=1957-01-01&rft.aulast=Longhurst&rft.aufirst=John+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.proquest.com%2Fopenview%2Fbee6f6ce71d91e5c8112f7c0e68a6478%2F1%3Fpq-origsite%3Dgscholar%26cbl%3D1816727&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIgnatius+of+Loyola" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-35">^</a> Jesuits, A Multibiography by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jean_Lacouture?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jean Lacouture">Jean Lacouture</a>, pp. 27–29, Washington, D.C.: Counterpoint, 1995.</li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-36">^</a> O'Malley, John (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/firstjesuits00omal/">The First Jesuits</a>. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. pp. 28–29.</li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-37">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://michaelservetusresearch.com/ENGLISH/jesuits.html">Michael Servetus Research</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20141011060544/http://www.michaelservetusresearch.com/ENGLISH/jesuits.html">Archived</a> 11 October 2014 at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Website that includes graphical documents in the University of Paris of: Ignations of Loyola, Francis Xavier, Alfonso Salmerón, Nicholas Bobadilla, Peter Faber and Simao Rodrigues, as well as Michael de Villanueva ("Servetus")</li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-38">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartin2012" class="citation web cs1">Martin, James (2 August 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.americamagazine.org/faith/2012/08/02/friendship-peter-favre-and-early-jesuits">"The friendship of Peter Favre and the early Jesuits"</a>. America Magazine. Retrieved 25 November 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=America+Magazine&rft.atitle=The+friendship+of+Peter+Favre+and+the+early+Jesuits&rft.date=2012-08-02&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.americamagazine.org%2Ffaith%2F2012%2F08%2F02%2Ffriendship-peter-favre-and-early-jesuits&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIgnatius+of+Loyola" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-John_Clarke_Ridpath_pp.238-39">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-John_Clarke_Ridpath_pp.238_39-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-John_Clarke_Ridpath_pp.238_39-1">b</a> History of The World by John Clarke Ridpath, Vol. V, pp. 238, New York: Merrill & Baker, 1899</li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-40">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJ.H._Pollen1913" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">J.H. Pollen (1913). <a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/History_of_the_Jesuits_Before_the_1773_Suppression">"History of the Jesuits Before the 1773 Suppression" </a>. In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a>. New York: Robert Appleton Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=History+of+the+Jesuits+Before+the+1773+Suppression&rft.btitle=Catholic+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Robert+Appleton+Company&rft.date=1913&rft.au=J.H.+Pollen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIgnatius+of+Loyola" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-41">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFManney2018" class="citation web cs1">Manney, James (2 May 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20191012180134/https://www.ignatianspirituality.com/go-set-the-world-on-fire/">"Go Set the World on Fire"</a>. Ignatian Spirituality. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.ignatianspirituality.com/go-set-the-world-on-fire/">the original</a> on 12 October 2019. Retrieved 3 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ignatian+Spirituality&rft.atitle=Go+Set+the+World+on+Fire&rft.date=2018-05-02&rft.aulast=Manney&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ignatianspirituality.com%2Fgo-set-the-world-on-fire%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIgnatius+of+Loyola" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-42">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIgnatius_of_Loyola1970" class="citation book cs1">Ignatius of Loyola (1970). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3Dk_oPAQAAIAAJ">The constitutions of the society of Jesus</a>. Translated by Ganss, George E. Institute of Jesuit Sources. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3Dk_oPAQAAIAAJ%26q%3D%2522carried%2Band%2Bdirected%2Bby%2BDivine%2BProvidence%2Bthrough%2Bthe%2Bagency%2Bof%2Bthe%2Bsuperior%2Bas%2Bif%2Bhe%2Bwere%2Ba%2Blifeless%2Bbody%2Bwhich%2Ballows%2Bitself%2Bto%2Bbe%2Bcarried%2Bto%2Bany%2Bplace%2Band%2Bto%2Bbe%2Btreated%2Bin%2Bany%2Bmanner%2Bdesired%2522">249</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780912422206?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/9780912422206"><bdi>9780912422206</bdi></a>. <q>Carried and directed by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Divine_providence?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Divine providence">Divine Providence</a> through the agency of the superior as if he were a lifeless body which allows itself to be carried to any place and to be treated in any manner desired.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+constitutions+of+the+society+of+Jesus&rft.pages=249&rft.pub=Institute+of+Jesuit+Sources&rft.date=1970&rft.isbn=9780912422206&rft.au=Ignatius+of+Loyola&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dk_oPAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIgnatius+of+Loyola" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-43">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPainter1903" class="citation book cs1">Painter, F. V. N. (1903). A History of Education. International Education Series. Vol. 2. New York: D. Appleton and Company. p. 167.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Education&rft.place=New+York&rft.series=International+Education+Series&rft.pages=167&rft.pub=D.+Appleton+and+Company&rft.date=1903&rft.aulast=Painter&rft.aufirst=F.+V.+N.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIgnatius+of+Loyola" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-44">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJesuitas1583" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Jesuitas (1583). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3D5lL2SO1DjwYC%26q%3D%2522%2Bpe-%2Brinde%2Bac%2Bfi%2Bcadauer%2Bei%25C3%25ADent%2522%26pg%3DPA196">"SEXTA PARS – CAP. 1"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3D5lL2SO1DjwYC">Constitutiones Societatis Iesu: cum earum declarationibus</a> (in Latin).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=SEXTA+PARS+%E2%80%93+CAP.+1&rft.btitle=Constitutiones+Societatis+Iesu%3A+cum+earum+declarationibus&rft.date=1583&rft.au=Jesuitas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5lL2SO1DjwYC%26q%3D%2522%2Bpe-%2Brinde%2Bac%2Bfi%2Bcadauer%2Bei%C3%ADent%2522%26pg%3DPA196&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIgnatius+of+Loyola" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-45">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIgnatius_of_Loyola1970" class="citation book cs1">Ignatius of Loyola (1970). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3Dk_oPAQAAIAAJ">The constitutions of the society of Jesus</a>. Translated by George E. Ganss. Institute of Jesuit Sources. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3Dk_oPAQAAIAAJ%26q%3D%2522carried%2Band%2Bdirected%2Bby%2BDivine%2BProvidence%2Bthrough%2Bthe%2Bagency%2Bof%2Bthe%2Bsuperior%2Bas%2Bif%2Bhe%2Bwere%2Ba%2Blifeless%2Bbody%2Bwhich%2Ballows%2Bitself%2Bto%2Bbe%2Bcarried%2Bto%2Bany%2Bplace%2Band%2Bto%2Bbe%2Btreated%2Bin%2Bany%2Bmanner%2Bdesired%2522">249</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780912422206?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/9780912422206"><bdi>9780912422206</bdi></a>. <q>Carried and directed by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Divine_providence?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Divine providence">Divine Providence</a> through the agency of the superior as if he were a lifeless body which allows itself to be carried to any place and to be treated in any manner desired.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+constitutions+of+the+society+of+Jesus&rft.pages=249&rft.pub=Institute+of+Jesuit+Sources&rft.date=1970&rft.isbn=9780912422206&rft.au=Ignatius+of+Loyola&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dk_oPAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIgnatius+of+Loyola" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-46">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSiraisi2001" class="citation book cs1"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nancy_Siraisi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nancy Siraisi">Siraisi, Nancy G.</a> (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3D3c0Tn7PnVnYC%26q%3Dignatius%2Bof%2Bloyola%2Bautopsy%26pg%3DPA367">Medicine and the Italian Universities: 1250–1600</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brill_Publishers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brill Publishers">Brill Publishers</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/9004119426?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/9004119426"><bdi>9004119426</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Medicine+and+the+Italian+Universities%3A+1250%E2%80%931600&rft.pub=Brill+Publishers&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=9004119426&rft.aulast=Siraisi&rft.aufirst=Nancy+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3c0Tn7PnVnYC%26q%3Dignatius%2Bof%2Bloyola%2Bautopsy%26pg%3DPA367&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIgnatius+of+Loyola" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-Ficarra1942-47">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Ficarra1942_47-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Ficarra1942_47-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFicarra1942" class="citation journal cs1">Ficarra BJ (June 1942). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7942489">"Eleven Famous Autopsies in History"</a>. Ann Med Hist. 4 (6): 504–520. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/PMC_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7942489">7942489</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/PMID_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33943739">33943739</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ann+Med+Hist&rft.atitle=Eleven+Famous+Autopsies+in+History&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=504-520&rft.date=1942-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7942489%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F33943739&rft.aulast=Ficarra&rft.aufirst=BJ&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7942489&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIgnatius+of+Loyola" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-Martin2013-48"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Martin2013_48-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartin2013" class="citation book cs1">Martin, Malachi (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3Dh2tgdlDFtYwC%26pg%3DPA169">Jesuits</a>. Simon and Schuster. pp. 169–170. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781476751887?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/9781476751887"><bdi>9781476751887</bdi></a>. 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Retrieved 10 March 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Jesuit+Conference+of+European+Provincials&rft.atitle=Canonization+of+St+Ignatius+of+Loyola+and+St+Francis+Xavier.&rft.date=2017-02-28&rft.aulast=de+Pablo&rft.aufirst=Jos%C3%A9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjesuits.eu%2Fnews%2F283-canonization-of-st-ignatius-of-loyola-and-st-francis-xavier&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIgnatius+of+Loyola" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-50">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20160810003048/http://www.archbalt.org/news-events/calendar/Event-Detail.cfm?uid%3D34C3FD61-B7E6-DE46-F841F25365452268">"Welcome to the Archdiocese of Baltimore"</a>. Archdiocese of Baltimore. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.archbalt.org/news-events/calendar/Event-Detail.cfm?uid%3D34C3FD61-B7E6-DE46-F841F25365452268">the original</a> on 10 August 2016. Retrieved 13 October 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Archdiocese+of+Baltimore&rft.atitle=Welcome+to+the+Archdiocese+of+Baltimore&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.archbalt.org%2Fnews-events%2Fcalendar%2FEvent-Detail.cfm%3Fuid%3D34C3FD61-B7E6-DE46-F841F25365452268&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIgnatius+of+Loyola" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-51">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorales1949" class="citation cs2">Morales, José Díaz (1 April 1949), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0040212/?ref_%3Dfn_al_tt_2">El capitán de Loyola</a> (Biography, Drama, History), Rafael Durán, Maruchi Fresno, Manuel Luna, Producciones Calderón S.A., Intercontinental Films, retrieved 8 November 2024</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=El+capit%C3%A1n+de+Loyola&rft.pub=Producciones+Calder%C3%B3n+S.A.%2C+Intercontinental+Films&rft.date=1949-04-01&rft.aulast=Morales&rft.aufirst=Jos%C3%A9+D%C3%ADaz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imdb.com%2Ftitle%2Ftt0040212%2F%3Fref_%3Dfn_al_tt_2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIgnatius+of+Loyola" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-52">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTantiangco2016" class="citation news cs1">Tantiangco, Aya (20 July 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/574492/lifestyle/artandculture/phl-film-ignacio-de-loyola-not-just-for-the-religious-say-director-and-star">"PHL film 'Ignacio de Loyola' not just for the religious, say director and star"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/GMA_News?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="GMA News">GMA Network (company)</a>. Retrieved 28 July 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=PHL+film+%27Ignacio+de+Loyola%27+not+just+for+the+religious%2C+say+director+and+star&rft.date=2016-07-20&rft.aulast=Tantiangco&rft.aufirst=Aya&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gmanetwork.com%2Fnews%2Fstory%2F574492%2Flifestyle%2Fartandculture%2Fphl-film-ignacio-de-loyola-not-just-for-the-religious-say-director-and-star&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIgnatius+of+Loyola" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-53">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.churchofengland.org/prayer-and-worship/worship-texts-and-resources/common-worship/churchs-year/calendar">"The Calendar"</a>. 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Church Publishing, Inc. 2019. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-64065-235-4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-64065-235-4"><bdi>978-1-64065-235-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lesser+Feasts+and+Fasts+2018&rft.pub=Church+Publishing%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-1-64065-235-4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbEq7DwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIgnatius+of+Loyola" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-55">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20130314024116/http://manresala.org/Prayers/Iconography.aspx">"Manresa Iconography – Manresa House of Retreats, Convent, LA"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://manresala.org/Prayers/Iconography.aspx">the original</a> on 14 March 2013. Retrieved 13 October 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Manresa+Iconography+%E2%80%93+Manresa+House+of+Retreats%2C+Convent%2C+LA.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmanresala.org%2FPrayers%2FIconography.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIgnatius+of+Loyola" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-56">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20121021064409/http://www.loyola.ca/index.php/discover-loyola/our-history/157-loyola-crests">"Loyola Crests – Loyola High School, Montreal, Quebec, Canada"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.loyola.ca/index.php/discover-loyola/our-history/157-loyola-crests">the original</a> on 21 October 2012. Retrieved 13 October 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Loyola+Crests+%E2%80%93+Loyola+High+School%2C+Montreal%2C+Quebec%2C+Canada.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.loyola.ca%2Findex.php%2Fdiscover-loyola%2Four-history%2F157-loyola-crests&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIgnatius+of+Loyola" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-57">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.riverview.nsw.edu.au/index.php?option%3Dcom_content%26Itemid%3D194%26id%3D39%26task%3Dview">"Saint Ignatius' College Riverview"</a>. www.riverview.nsw.edu.au.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.riverview.nsw.edu.au&rft.atitle=Saint+Ignatius%27+College+Riverview&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.riverview.nsw.edu.au%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26Itemid%3D194%26id%3D39%26task%3Dview&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIgnatius+of+Loyola" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint_Ignatius_of_Loyola?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-58">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarros_Arana2000" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Diego_Barros_Arana?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Diego Barros Arana">Barros Arana, Diego</a> (2000) [1884]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.memoriachilena.gob.cl/602/w3-article-7987.html">Historia General de Chile</a> (in Spanish). Vol. III (2 ed.). Santiago, Chile: Editorial Universitaria. p. 177. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/956-11-1535-2?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/956-11-1535-2"><bdi>956-11-1535-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historia+General+de+Chile&rft.place=Santiago%2C+Chile&rft.pages=177&rft.edition=2&rft.pub=Editorial+Universitaria&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=956-11-1535-2&rft.aulast=Barros+Arana&rft.aufirst=Diego&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.memoriachilena.gob.cl%2F602%2Fw3-article-7987.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIgnatius+of+Loyola" class="Z3988"></li> </ol> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(11)"> <h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ignatius_of_Loyola&action=edit&section=15&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Further reading" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-11 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-11"> <ul> <li> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBartoli1855" class="citation book cs1">Bartoli, Daniello (1855). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/historylifeandi00bartgoog">History of the Life and Institute of St. Ignatius de Loyola: Founder of the Society of Jesus</a>. New York: Edward Dunigan and Brother.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Life+and+Institute+of+St.+Ignatius+de+Loyola%3A+Founder+of+the+Society+of+Jesus&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Edward+Dunigan+and+Brother&rft.date=1855&rft.aulast=Bartoli&rft.aufirst=Daniello&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistorylifeandi00bartgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIgnatius+of+Loyola" class="Z3988"></li> <li> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCaraman1990" class="citation book cs1">Caraman, Philip (1990). Ignatius Loyola: A Biography of the Founder of the Jesuits'. San Francisco: Harper & Row. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0062501301?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/978-0062501301"><bdi>978-0062501301</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ignatius+Loyola%3A+A+Biography+of+the+Founder+of+the+Jesuits%27&rft.place=San+Francisco&rft.pub=Harper+%26+Row&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0062501301&rft.aulast=Caraman&rft.aufirst=Philip&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIgnatius+of+Loyola" class="Z3988"></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/August_Derleth?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="August Derleth">August Derleth</a>, St. Ignatius and the Company of Jesus, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vision_Books?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Vision Books">Vision Books</a>, 1956. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.loc.gov/item/56007278">56-7278</a></li> <li> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFoss1969" class="citation book cs1">Foss, Michael (1969). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/foundingofjesuit0000foss">The Founding of the Jesuits, 1540</a>. Turning Points in History Series. London: Hamilton. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-241-01513-8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/0-241-01513-8"><bdi>0-241-01513-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Founding+of+the+Jesuits%2C+1540&rft.place=London&rft.series=Turning+Points+in+History+Series&rft.pub=Hamilton&rft.date=1969&rft.isbn=0-241-01513-8&rft.aulast=Foss&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffoundingofjesuit0000foss&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIgnatius+of+Loyola" class="Z3988"></li> <li> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGarcía_Villoslada1986" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">García Villoslada, Ricardo (1986). San Ignacio de Loyola: Nueva biografía (in Spanish). La Editorial Católica. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/84-220-1267-7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/84-220-1267-7"><bdi>84-220-1267-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=San+Ignacio+de+Loyola%3A+Nueva+biograf%C3%ADa&rft.pub=La+Editorial+Cat%C3%B3lica&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=84-220-1267-7&rft.aulast=Garc%C3%ADa+Villoslada&rft.aufirst=Ricardo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIgnatius+of+Loyola" class="Z3988"></li> <li> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeissner1992" class="citation book cs1">Meissner, William (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/ignatiusofloyola00meis">Ignatius of Loyola: The Psychology of a Saint</a>. New Haven: Yale University Press. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-300-06079-3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/0-300-06079-3"><bdi>0-300-06079-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ignatius+of+Loyola%3A+The+Psychology+of+a+Saint&rft.place=New+Haven&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=0-300-06079-3&rft.aulast=Meissner&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fignatiusofloyola00meis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIgnatius+of+Loyola" class="Z3988"></li> <li> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Malley1993" class="citation book cs1"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/John_W._O%27Malley?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="John W. O'Malley">O'Malley, John W.</a> (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/firstjesuits00omal">The First Jesuits</a>. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-674-30312-1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/0-674-30312-1"><bdi>0-674-30312-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+First+Jesuits&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=0-674-30312-1&rft.aulast=O%27Malley&rft.aufirst=John+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffirstjesuits00omal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIgnatius+of+Loyola" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Life of St. Ignatius of Loyola, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/TAN_Books?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="TAN Books">TAN Books</a>, 1997. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89555-345-4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-89555-345-4">978-0-89555-345-4</a>.</li> <li>St. Ignatius of Loyola, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/TAN_Books?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="TAN Books">TAN Books</a>, 2008. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89555-624-0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-89555-624-0">978-0-89555-624-0</a>.</li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(12)"> <h2 id="External_links">External links</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ignatius_of_Loyola&action=edit&section=16&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-12 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-12"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style> <div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow">Ignatius of Loyola at Wikipedia's <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a> </div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"> <ul> <li> <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 20px;height: 27px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="20" data-height="27" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> <a 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data-class="mw-file-element"> <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/Ignatius_of_Loyola" class="extiw" title="v:Special:Search/Ignatius of Loyola">Resources</a> from Wikiversity</li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <ul> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://viewer.arskan.com/objects/share/1614343727181Y4C3Qdio1kjptc4">3D model of the St Ignatius sculpture of Santa Clara University (California), on Arskan SiloData</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20210517135943/https://viewer.arskan.com/objects/share/1614343727181Y4C3Qdio1kjptc4">Archived</a> 17 May 2021 at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/author/26561">Works by Ignatius of Loyola</a> at <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Project_Gutenberg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Project Gutenberg">Project Gutenberg</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/search.php?query%3D%2528%2528subject%253A%2522Loyola%252C%2520Ignatius%2520of%2522%2520OR%2520subject%253A%2522Loyola%252C%2520Ignatius%2520o%252E%2522%2520OR%2520subject%253A%2522Loyola%252C%2520I%252E%2520o%252E%2522%2520OR%2520subject%253A%2522Ignatius%2520of%2520Loyola%2522%2520OR%2520subject%253A%2522Ignatius%2520o%252E%2520Loyola%2522%2520OR%2520subject%253A%2522I%252E%2520o%252E%2520Loyola%2522%2520OR%2520subject%253A%2522Loyola%252C%2520Ignatius%2522%2520OR%2520subject%253A%2522Ignatius%2520Loyola%2522%2520OR%2520creator%253A%2522Ignatius%2520of%2520Loyola%2522%2520OR%2520creator%253A%2522Ignatius%2520o%252E%2520Loyola%2522%2520OR%2520creator%253A%2522I%252E%2520o%252E%2520Loyola%2522%2520OR%2520creator%253A%2522I%252E%2520of%2520Loyola%2522%2520OR%2520creator%253A%2522Loyola%252C%2520Ignatius%2520of%2522%2520OR%2520creator%253A%2522Loyola%252C%2520Ignatius%2520o%252E%2522%2520OR%2520creator%253A%2522Loyola%252C%2520I%252E%2520o%252E%2522%2520OR%2520creator%253A%2522Loyola%252C%2520I%252E%2520of%2522%2520OR%2520creator%253A%2522Ignatius%2520Loyola%2522%2520OR%2520creator%253A%2522Loyola%252C%2520Ignatius%2522%2520OR%2520title%253A%2522Ignatius%2520of%2520Loyola%2522%2520OR%2520title%253A%2522Ignatius%2520o%252E%2520Loyola%2522%2520OR%2520title%253A%2522I%252E%2520o%252E%2520Loyola%2522%2520OR%2520title%253A%2522Ignatius%2520Loyola%2522%2520OR%2520description%253A%2522Ignatius%2520of%2520Loyola%2522%2520OR%2520description%253A%2522Ignatius%2520o%252E%2520Loyola%2522%2520OR%2520description%253A%2522I%252E%2520o%252E%2520Loyola%2522%2520OR%2520description%253A%2522Loyola%252C%2520Ignatius%2520of%2522%2520OR%2520description%253A%2522Loyola%252C%2520Ignatius%2520o%252E%2522%2520OR%2520description%253A%2522Ignatius%2520Loyola%2522%2520OR%2520description%253A%2522Loyola%252C%2520Ignatius%2522%2529%2520OR%2520%2528%25221491-1556%2522%2520AND%2520Loyola%2529%2529%2520AND%2520%2528-mediatype:software%2529">Works by or about Ignatius of Loyola</a> at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Internet_Archive?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://librivox.org/author/3326">Works by Ignatius of Loyola</a> at <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/LibriVox?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="LibriVox">LibriVox</a> (public domain audiobooks) <noscript> <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/15px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 15px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/15px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="15" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/23px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Speaker_Icon.svg/30px-Speaker_Icon.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.bartleby.com/210/7/311.html">"St. Ignatius of Loyola, Confessor"</a>, Butler's Lives of the Saints</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.nwjesuits.org/JesuitSpirituality/SpiritualExercises.html">The Spiritual Exercises of St. Ignatius</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20120619025201/http://www.nwjesuits.org/JesuitSpirituality/SpiritualExercises.html">Archived</a> 19 June 2012 at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Translation by Elder Mullan</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.library.georgetown.edu/woodstock/ignatius-letters">Letters of Saint Ignatius of Loyola</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.john-uebersax.com/plato/contempl1.htm">"Contemplation to Attain Love", by Ignatius of Loyola</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.stpetersbasilica.info/Statues/Founders/IgnatiusLoyola/Ignatius%2520Loyola.htm">Founder Statue in St Peter's Basilica</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.stpetersbasilica.info/Exterior/Colonnades/Saints/St%2520Ignatius%2520Loyola-16/StIgnatiusLoyola.htm">Colonnade Statue St Peter's Square</a></li> </ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FABE60;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catholic_Church?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church titles</a></th> </tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">New office</td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Superior_General_of_the_Society_of_Jesus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Superior General of the Society of Jesus">Superior General of the Society of Jesus</a> 1540–1556</td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by <div style="font-weight: bold"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Diego_Laynez?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Diego Laynez">Diego Laynez</a> </div></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <div class="navbox-styles"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"> </div>   </section> </div> <noscript> <img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&mobile=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"> </noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet=""> Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DIgnatius_of_Loyola%26oldid%3D1258539769">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ignatius_of_Loyola&oldid=1258539769</a>" </div> </div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"><a class="last-modified-bar" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ignatius_of_Loyola&action=history&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> Last edited on 20 November 2024, at 07:39 </div></a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id="mw-data-after-content"> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A5%25D8%25BA%25D9%2586%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B7%25D9%258A%25D9%2588%25D8%25B3_%25D8%25AF%25D9%258A_%25D9%2584%25D9%2588%25D9%258A%25D9%2588%25D9%2584%25D8%25A7" title="إغناطيوس دي لويولا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إغناطيوس دي لويولا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sant_Inacio_de_Loyola" title="Sant Inacio de Loyola – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Sant Inacio de Loyola" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inaciu_de_Loyola" title="Inaciu de Loyola – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Inaciu de Loyola" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignacio_de_Loyola" title="Ignacio de Loyola – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Ignacio de Loyola" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aymar aru</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loyolal%25C4%25B1_%25C4%25B0qnati" title="Loyolalı İqnati – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Loyolalı İqnati" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2586%25D0%25B3%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0%25D1%2586%25D1%2596%25D0%25B9_%25D0%259B%25D0%25B0%25D1%2591%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B0" title="Ігнацій Лаёла – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ігнацій Лаёла" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2586%25D0%25B3%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0%25D1%2586%25D1%258B_%25D0%259B%25D1%258F%25D1%2591%25D0%25BB%25D1%258F" title="Ігнацы Ляёля – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Ігнацы Ляёля" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignacio_de_Loyola" title="Ignacio de Loyola – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Ignacio de Loyola" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2598%25D0%25B3%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0%25D1%2582%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B9_%25D0%259B%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B9%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B0" title="Игнатий Лойола – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Игнатий Лойола" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignatius_vo_Loyola" title="Ignatius vo Loyola – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Ignatius vo Loyola" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignacije_Lojolski" title="Ignacije Lojolski – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Ignacije Lojolski" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignas_Loyola" title="Ignas Loyola – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Ignas Loyola" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignasi_de_Loiola" title="Ignasi de Loiola – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ignasi de Loiola" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignacio_de_Loyola" title="Ignacio de Loyola – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Ignacio de Loyola" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ign%25C3%25A1c_z_Loyoly" title="Ignác z Loyoly – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ignác z Loyoly" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignatius_Loyola" title="Ignatius Loyola – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Ignatius Loyola" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignatius_von_Loyola" title="Ignatius von Loyola – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ignatius von Loyola" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignatius_Loyola" title="Ignatius Loyola – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ignatius Loyola" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25CE%2599%25CE%25B3%25CE%25BD%25CE%25AC%25CF%2584%25CE%25B9%25CE%25BF%25CF%2582_%25CE%259B%25CE%25BF%25CE%25B3%25CE%25B9%25CF%258C%25CE%25BB%25CE%25B1" title="Ιγνάτιος Λογιόλα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ιγνάτιος Λογιόλα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignacio_de_Loyola" title="Ignacio de Loyola – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ignacio de Loyola" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignaco_Lojola" title="Ignaco Lojola – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ignaco Lojola" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignazio_Loiolakoa" title="Ignazio Loiolakoa – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ignazio Loiolakoa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A7%25DB%258C%25DA%25AF%25D9%2586%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AA%25DB%258C%25D9%2588%25D8%25B3_%25D9%2584%25D9%2588%25DB%258C%25D9%2588%25D9%2584%25D8%25A7" title="ایگناتیوس لویولا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ایگناتیوس لویولا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignace_de_Loyola" title="Ignace de Loyola – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ignace de Loyola" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignatius_fan_Loyola" title="Ignatius fan Loyola – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Ignatius fan Loyola" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iogn%25C3%25A1id_Loyola" title="Iognáid Loyola – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Iognáid Loyola" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignacio_de_Loiola" title="Ignacio de Loiola – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Ignacio de Loiola" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25EC%259D%25B4%25EB%2583%2590%25EC%258B%259C%25EC%2598%25A4_%25EB%258D%25B0_%25EB%25A1%259C%25EC%259A%259C%25EB%259D%25BC" title="이냐시오 데 로욜라 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="이냐시오 데 로욜라" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D4%25BB%25D5%25A3%25D5%25B6%25D5%25A1%25D5%25BF%25D5%25AB%25D5%25B8%25D5%25BD_%25D5%25A4%25D5%25A5_%25D4%25BC%25D5%25B8%25D5%25B5%25D5%25B8%25D5%25AC%25D5%25A1" title="Իգնատիոս դե Լոյոլա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Իգնատիոս դե Լոյոլա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignacije_Lojolski" title="Ignacije Lojolski – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ignacije Lojolski" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignatius_dari_Loyola" title="Ignatius dari Loyola – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ignatius dari Loyola" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignatius_Loyola" title="Ignatius Loyola – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Ignatius Loyola" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignazio_di_Loyola" title="Ignazio di Loyola – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ignazio di Loyola" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%2590%25D7%2599%25D7%2592%25D7%25A0%25D7%2598%25D7%2599%25D7%2595%25D7%25A1_%25D7%259E%25D7%259C%25D7%2595%25D7%2599%25D7%2595%25D7%259C%25D7%2594" title="איגנטיוס מלויולה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="איגנטיוס מלויולה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignatius_Loyola" title="Ignatius Loyola – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Ignatius Loyola" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignace_Loyola_t%25CA%258B" title="Ignace Loyola tʋ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Ignace Loyola tʋ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kabɩyɛ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%2592%25E1%2583%259C%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%25A2%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%25A3%25E1%2583%25A1_%25E1%2583%259A%25E1%2583%259D%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%259D%25E1%2583%259A%25E1%2583%2590" title="იგნატიუს ლოიოლა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="იგნატიუს ლოიოლა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignas_wa_Loyola" title="Ignas wa Loyola – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Ignas wa Loyola" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inias_Loyola" title="Inias Loyola – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Inias Loyola" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignatius_de_Loyola" title="Ignatius de Loyola – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ignatius de Loyola" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ign%25C4%2581cijs_no_Lojolas" title="Ignācijs no Lojolas – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ignācijs no Lojolas" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignacas_Lojola" title="Ignacas Lojola – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Ignacas Lojola" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignatius_van_Loyola" title="Ignatius van Loyola – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Ignatius van Loyola" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignasio_de_Loyola" title="Ignasio de Loyola – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Ignasio de Loyola" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loyolai_Szent_Ign%25C3%25A1c" title="Loyolai Szent Ignác – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Loyolai Szent Ignác" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignace_de_Loyola" title="Ignace de Loyola – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Ignace de Loyola" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B4%2587%25E0%25B4%2597%25E0%25B5%258D%25E0%25B4%25A8%25E0%25B5%2587%25E0%25B4%25B7%25E0%25B5%258D%25E0%25B4%25AF%25E0%25B4%25B8%25E0%25B5%258D_%25E0%25B4%25B2%25E0%25B5%258A%25E0%25B4%25AF%25E0%25B5%258B%25E0%25B4%25B3" title="ഇഗ്നേഷ്യസ് ലൊയോള – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഇഗ്നേഷ്യസ് ലൊയോള" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Injazju_ta%2527_Loyola" title="San Injazju ta' Loyola – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="San Injazju ta' Loyola" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malti</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AC%25D9%2586%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B7%25D9%258A%25D9%2588%25D8%25B3_%25D8%25AF%25D9%2589_%25D9%2584%25D9%2588%25D9%258A%25D9%2588%25D9%2584%25D8%25A7" title="اجناطيوس دى لويولا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اجناطيوس دى لويولا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignatius_dari_Loyola" title="Ignatius dari Loyola – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Ignatius dari Loyola" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/In%25C3%25A1cio_de_Loyola" title="Inácio de Loyola – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Inácio de Loyola" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Mirandés</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignatius_van_Loyola" title="Ignatius van Loyola – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ignatius van Loyola" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E3%2582%25A4%25E3%2582%25B0%25E3%2583%258A%25E3%2583%2581%25E3%2582%25AA%25E3%2583%25BB%25E3%2583%2587%25E3%2583%25BB%25E3%2583%25AD%25E3%2583%25A8%25E3%2583%25A9" title="イグナチオ・デ・ロヨラ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="イグナチオ・デ・ロヨラ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignatius_av_Loyola" title="Ignatius av Loyola – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Ignatius av Loyola" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignassi_%25C3%25ABd_Loyola" title="Ignassi ëd Loyola – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Ignassi ëd Loyola" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignacy_Loyola" title="Ignacy Loyola – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ignacy Loyola" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/In%25C3%25A1cio_de_Loyola" title="Inácio de Loyola – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Inácio de Loyola" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igna%25C8%259Biu_de_Loyola" title="Ignațiu de Loyola – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ignațiu de Loyola" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignacio_de_Loyola" title="Ignacio de Loyola – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Ignacio de Loyola" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2598%25D0%25B3%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0%25D1%2582%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B9_%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B5_%25D0%259B%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B9%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B0" title="Игнатий де Лойола – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Игнатий де Лойола" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignatziu_de_Loyola" title="Ignatziu de Loyola – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Ignatziu de Loyola" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignatius_o_Loyola" title="Ignatius o Loyola – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Ignatius o Loyola" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignjac_Lojola" title="Ignjac Lojola – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Ignjac Lojola" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gnazziu_di_Loyola" title="Gnazziu di Loyola – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Gnazziu di Loyola" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignatius_of_Loyola" title="Ignatius of Loyola – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Ignatius of Loyola" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ign%25C3%25A1c_z_Loyoly" title="Ignác z Loyoly – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Ignác z Loyoly" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignacij_Lojolski" title="Ignacij Lojolski – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Ignacij Lojolski" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2598%25D0%25B3%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0%25D1%2581%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BE_%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B5_%25D0%259B%25D0%25BE%25D1%2598%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B0" title="Игнасио де Лојола – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Игнасио де Лојола" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignacije_Loyola" title="Ignacije Loyola – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Ignacije Loyola" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignatius_Loyola" title="Ignatius Loyola – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ignatius Loyola" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignatius_av_Loyola" title="Ignatius av Loyola – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ignatius av Loyola" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignacio_ng_Loyola" title="Ignacio ng Loyola – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Ignacio ng Loyola" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25AE%25B2%25E0%25AF%258A%25E0%25AE%25AF%25E0%25AF%258B%25E0%25AE%25B2%25E0%25AE%25BE_%25E0%25AE%2587%25E0%25AE%259E%25E0%25AF%258D%25E0%25AE%259E%25E0%25AE%25BE%25E0%25AE%259A%25E0%25AE%25BF" title="லொயோலா இஞ்ஞாசி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="லொயோலா இஞ்ஞாசி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B8%25AD%25E0%25B8%25B4%25E0%25B8%2581%25E0%25B9%2580%25E0%25B8%2599%25E0%25B9%2580%25E0%25B8%258A%25E0%25B8%25B5%25E0%25B8%25A2%25E0%25B8%25AA%25E0%25B9%2581%25E0%25B8%25AB%25E0%25B9%2588%25E0%25B8%2587%25E0%25B9%2582%25E0%25B8%25A5%25E0%25B9%2582%25E0%25B8%25A2%25E0%25B8%25A5%25E0%25B8%25B2" title="อิกเนเชียสแห่งโลโยลา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อิกเนเชียสแห่งโลโยลา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loyolal%25C4%25B1_%25C4%25B0gnatius" title="Loyolalı İgnatius – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Loyolalı İgnatius" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2586%25D0%25B3%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B0%25D1%2582%25D1%2596%25D0%25B9_%25D0%259B%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B9%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B0" title="Ігнатій Лойола – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ігнатій Лойола" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignasio_de_Loyola" title="Ignasio de Loyola – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Ignasio de Loyola" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inhaxi%25C3%25B4_nh%25C3%25A0_Loyola" title="Inhaxiô nhà Loyola – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Inhaxiô nhà Loyola" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignacio_han_Loyola" title="Ignacio han Loyola – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Ignacio han Loyola" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E8%2581%2596%25E4%25BE%259D%25E7%25B4%258D%25E7%2588%25B5%25C2%25B7%25E7%25BE%2585%25E8%2580%2580%25E6%258B%2589" title="聖依納爵·羅耀拉 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="聖依納爵·羅耀拉" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E8%2581%2596%25E4%25BE%259D%25E7%25B4%258D%25E7%2588%25B5%25E7%25BE%2585%25E8%2580%2580%25E6%258B%2589" title="聖依納爵羅耀拉 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="聖依納爵羅耀拉" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E4%25BE%259D%25E7%25B4%258D%25E7%2588%25B5%25C2%25B7%25E7%25BE%2585%25E8%2580%2580%25E6%258B%2589" title="依納爵·羅耀拉 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="依納爵·羅耀拉" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignatius_ari_Loyola" title="Ignatius ari Loyola – Iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Ignatius ari Loyola" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="Iban" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jaku Iban</a></li> </ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"> <img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> </div> <ul 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