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vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">versteken</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Anfang</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Kopper_in_de_Natur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kopper_in_de_Natur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Kopper in de Natur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kopper_in_de_Natur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Historie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Födderlänner" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Födderlänner"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Födderlänner</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Födderlänner-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Winnen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Winnen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Winnen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Winnen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eegenschoppen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eegenschoppen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Eegenschoppen</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Eegenschoppen-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Unterabschnitt Eegenschoppen umschalten</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Eegenschoppen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-physikaalsch" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#physikaalsch"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>physikaalsch</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-physikaalsch-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-cheemsch" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#cheemsch"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>cheemsch</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-cheemsch-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bruuk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bruuk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Bruuk</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bruuk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bioloogsch_Wirken" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bioloogsch_Wirken"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Bioloogsch Wirken</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bioloogsch_Wirken-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nawies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nawies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Nawies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nawies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kiek_ok" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kiek_ok"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Kiek ok</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kiek_ok-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Borns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Borns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Borns</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Borns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Weblenken" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Weblenken"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Weblenken</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Weblenken-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inholtsverteken" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Inhaltsverzeichnis" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Inhaltsverzeichnis umschalten" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Inhaltsverzeichnis umschalten</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Kopper</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Zu einem Artikel in einer anderen Sprache gehen. Verfügbar in 204 Sprachen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-204" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">204 Spraaken</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keuper" title="Keuper – Niedersächsisch" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Keuper" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Niedersächsisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koper" title="Koper – Afrikaansch" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Koper" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaansch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kupfer" title="Kupfer – Swiezerdüütsch" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Kupfer" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Swiezerdüütsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%98%E1%8B%B3%E1%89%A5" title="መዳብ – Amhaarsch" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="መዳብ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amhaarsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arambre" title="Arambre – Aragoneesch" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Arambre" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragoneesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coper" title="Coper – Ooldengelsch" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Coper" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Ooldengelsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE" title="तांबा – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="तांबा" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="uns beste"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%B3" title="نحاس – Araabsch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نحاس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Araabsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%B3" title="نحاس – Marokkanisches Arabisch" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="نحاس" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Marokkanisches Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%B3" title="نحاس – Ägyptisches Arabisch" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="نحاس" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Ägyptisches Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE" title="তাম – Assameesch" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="তাম" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assameesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cobre" title="Cobre – Asturiaansch" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Cobre" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturiaansch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti" title="Anti – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Anti" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mis" title="Mis – Aserbaidschaansch" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Mis" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Aserbaidschaansch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%AE%DB%8C%D8%B1" title="پاخیر – Südaserbaidschanisch" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="پاخیر" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="Südaserbaidschanisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D2%A1%D1%8B%D1%80" title="Баҡыр – Baschkiersch" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Баҡыр" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Baschkiersch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temaga" title="Temaga – Balineesch" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Temaga" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balineesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varis" title="Varis – Samogitisch" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Varis" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanso" title="Tanso – Zentralbikolano" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Tanso" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Zentralbikolano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%8C" title="Медзь – Wittruss’sch" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Медзь" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Wittruss’sch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%8C" title="Медзь – Weißrussisch (Taraschkewiza)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Медзь" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Weißrussisch (Taraschkewiza)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4" title="Мед – Bulgaarsch" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Мед" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaarsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE" title="ताँमा – Bihaarsch" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="ताँमा" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bihaarsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%90%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%EA%A9%BB%E1%80%90%E1%80%94%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AC%E1%82%8F" title="တောင်ꩻတနျာႏ – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="တောင်ꩻတနျာႏ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE" title="তামা – Bengaalsch" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="তামা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaalsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%9F%E0%BD%84%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8D" title="ཟངས། – Tibeetsch" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཟངས།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibeetsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kouevr" title="Kouevr – Bretoonsch" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Kouevr" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Bretoonsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakar" title="Bakar – Bosnisch" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Bakar" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D1%8D%D0%B4" title="Зэд – Russisches Burjatisch" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Зэд" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russisches Burjatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coure" title="Coure – Katalaansch" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Coure" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalaansch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A8%CC%A4ng" title="Dè̤ng – Min Dong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Dè̤ng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Min Dong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumbaga" title="Tumbaga – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Tumbaga" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A5%E1%8F%A3%E1%8F%B1" title="ᎥᏣᏱ – Cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎥᏣᏱ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="Cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3" title="مس – Zentraalkurdsch" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="مس" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Zentraalkurdsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramu" title="Ramu – Koorsch" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Ramu" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Koorsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C4%9B%C4%8F" title="Měď – Tschech’sch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Měď" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tschech’sch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B2per" title="Kòper – Kaschuubsch" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Kòper" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kaschuubsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%C4%83%D1%85%C4%83%D1%80" title="Пăхăр – Tschuwasch’sch" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Пăхăр" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Tschuwasch’sch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copr" title="Copr – Waliesch" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Copr" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Waliesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kobber" title="Kobber – Däänsch" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kobber" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Däänsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kupfer" title="Kupfer – Düütsch" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kupfer" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Düütsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pax%C4%B1r" title="Paxır – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Paxır" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%83%DE%A6%DE%8C%DE%AA%DE%8D%DE%AF" title="ރަތުލޯ – Maledievsch" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ރަތުލޯ" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Maledievsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A7%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%82" title="Χαλκός – Greeksch" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Χαλκός" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greeksch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="lesenswerter Artikel"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper" title="Copper – Engelsch" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Copper" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engelsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="lesenswerter Artikel"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kupro" title="Kupro – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kupro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="uns beste"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cobre" title="Cobre – Spaansch" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cobre" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaansch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vask" title="Vask – Eestnisch" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Vask" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Eestnisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kobre" title="Kobre – Basksch" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kobre" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basksch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cobri" title="Cobri – Extremadurisch" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Cobri" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremadurisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3" title="مس – Pers’sch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Pers’sch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kupari" title="Kupari – Finnsch" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kupari" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vask" title="Vask – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Vask" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kopa" title="Kopa – Fidschiaansch" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Kopa" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fidschiaansch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kopar" title="Kopar – Färöösch" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Kopar" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Färöösch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuivre" title="Cuivre – Franzöösch" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Cuivre" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Franzöösch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B6%C3%B6ber" title="Kööber – Noordfreesch" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Kööber" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Noordfreesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ram" title="Ram – Friuulsch" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Ram" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friuulsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koper" title="Koper – Westfreesch" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Koper" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Westfreesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copar" title="Copar – Iersch" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Copar" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Iersch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%8A%85" title="銅 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="銅" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwiv" title="Kwiv – Französisch-Guayana Kreolisch" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Kwiv" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Französisch-Guayana Kreolisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copar" title="Copar – Schottsch Gäälsch" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Copar" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Schottsch Gäälsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cobre" title="Cobre – Galizisch" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Cobre" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galizisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuarepoti_pyt%C3%A3" title="Kuarepoti pytã – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Kuarepoti pytã" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%87" title="तांबे – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="तांबे" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%A4%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%82%E0%AA%AC%E0%AB%81%E0%AA%82" title="તાંબું – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="તાંબું" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cobbyr" title="Cobbyr – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Cobbyr" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C3%B9ng" title="Thùng – Hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Thùng" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%97%D7%95%D7%A9%D7%AA" title="נחושת – Hebrääsch" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="נחושת" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrääsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="ताम्र – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ताम्र" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamba" title="Tamba – Fidschi-Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Tamba" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fidschi-Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakar" title="Bakar – Kroaatsch" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Bakar" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroaatsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kopor" title="Kopor – Böversorbsch" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Kopor" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Böversorbsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwiv" title="Kwiv – Haitiaansch-Kreoolsch" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Kwiv" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitiaansch-Kreoolsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9z" title="Réz – Ungaarsch" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Réz" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Ungaarsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%B2%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%B1" title="Պղինձ – Armeensch" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Պղինձ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeensch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%B2%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%B1" title="Պղինձ – Westarmenisch" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Պղինձ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Westarmenisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cupro" title="Cupro – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Cupro" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tembaga" title="Tembaga – Indoneesch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Tembaga" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indoneesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gambang" title="Gambang – Ilokano" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Gambang" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Ilokano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D3%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0" title="ЦӀаста – Ingusch’sch" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="ЦӀаста" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingusch’sch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kupro" title="Kupro – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Kupro" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kopar" title="Kopar – Ieslandsch" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Kopar" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Ieslandsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rame" title="Rame – Italieensch" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Rame" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italieensch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="lesenswerter Artikel"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%8A%85" title="銅 – Japaansch" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="銅" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japaansch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapa" title="Kapa – Jamaikanisch-Kreolisch" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Kapa" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaikanisch-Kreolisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/tunka" title="tunka – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="tunka" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tembaga" title="Tembaga – Javaansch" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Tembaga" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javaansch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9E%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%AB%E1%83%98" title="სპილენძი – Georgsch" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სპილენძი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C9%A3ir" title="Iɣir – Kabyylsch" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Iɣir" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyylsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwivri" title="Kwivri – Kabiyé" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Kwivri" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiyé" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutako" title="Mutako – Kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Mutako" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper" title="Copper – Kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Copper" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="Kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8B%D1%81" title="Мыс – Kasach’sch" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Мыс" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kasach’sch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0" title="ತಾಮ್ರ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ತಾಮ್ರ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B5%AC%EB%A6%AC" title="구리 – Koreaansch" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="구리" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaansch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AB%D1%80%D0%B3%D3%A7%D0%BD" title="Ыргӧн – Komipermjaksch" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Ыргӧн" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="Komipermjaksch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%9B%D8%A7%D9%85" title="ترٛام – Kaschmiersch" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="ترٛام" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kaschmiersch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koffer_(Metall)" title="Koffer (Metall) – Kölsch" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Koffer (Metall)" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="Kölsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mis" title="Mis – Kurdsch" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Mis" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AB%D1%80%D0%B3%D3%A7%D0%BD" title="Ыргӧн – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Ыргӧн" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kober" title="Kober – Koornsch" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Kober" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Koornsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B5%D0%B7" title="Жез – Kirgiesch" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Жез" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgiesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuprum" title="Cuprum – Latiensch" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Cuprum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latiensch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koffer" title="Koffer – Luxemborgsch" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Koffer" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxemborgsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%83%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8" title="Дувсси – Lakisch" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Дувсси" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lakisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D1%83%D1%80" title="Цур – Lesgisch" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Цур" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lesgisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cupre" title="Cupre – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Cupre" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kkopa_(Copper)" title="Kkopa (Copper) – Ganda" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Kkopa (Copper)" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="Ganda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Luganda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koper" title="Koper – Limborgsch" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Koper" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limborgsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rammo_(elemento)" title="Rammo (elemento) – Ligurisch" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Rammo (elemento)" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ram" title="Ram – Ladinisch" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Ram" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladinisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ram_(element_chimich)" title="Ram (element chimich) – Lombardisch" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Ram (element chimich)" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombardisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%87%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%87" title="ທອງແດງ – Laootsch" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ທອງແດງ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Laootsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varis" title="Varis – Litausch" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Varis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litausch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Var%C5%A1" title="Varš – Lettsch" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Varš" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Lettsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5" title="Сере – Mokscha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Сере" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Mokscha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varahina" title="Varahina – Madagassisch" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Varahina" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Madagassisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konukura" title="Konukura – Maori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Konukura" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Maori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Бакар – Mazedoonsch" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Бакар" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Mazedoonsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D" title="ചെമ്പ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ചെമ്പ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D1%8D%D1%81" title="Зэс – Mongoolsch" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Зэс" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongoolsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%80%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%A4" title="ꯀꯣꯔꯤ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯀꯣꯔꯤ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%87" title="तांबे – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="तांबे" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D3%B9%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C%D3%B9" title="Вӹргеньӹ – Bergmari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Вӹргеньӹ" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Bergmari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tembaga" title="Tembaga – Malaisch" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Tembaga" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malaisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%BC%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B8%E1%80%94%E1%80%AE" title="ကြေးနီ – Birmaansch" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ကြေးနီ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Birmaansch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B5_(%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB)" title="Пиже (металл) – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Пиже (металл)" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chichiltic_tepoztli" title="Chichiltic tepoztli – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Chichiltic tepoztli" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramma" title="Ramma – Neapolitaansch" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Ramma" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitaansch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE" title="तामा – Nepaleesch" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="तामा" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepaleesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%83" title="सीजः – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="सीजः" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nia mw-list-item"><a href="https://nia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tambag%C3%B6" title="Tambagö – Nias" lang="nia" hreflang="nia" data-title="Tambagö" data-language-autonym="Li Niha" data-language-local-name="Nias" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Li Niha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koper_(element)" title="Koper (element) – Nedderlandsch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Koper (element)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Nedderlandsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kopar" title="Kopar – Norweegsch Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kopar" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norweegsch Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kobber" title="Kobber – Norweegsch Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kobber" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norweegsch Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kupre" title="Kupre – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Kupre" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A9%C3%A9sh_%C5%82ich%C3%ADi%CA%BCii" title="Béésh łichíiʼii – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Béésh łichíiʼii" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coire" title="Coire – Okzitaansch" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Coire" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Okzitaansch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaski" title="Vaski – Olonetzisch" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Vaski" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Olonetzisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sibiila_diimaa" title="Sibiila diimaa – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Sibiila diimaa" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%A4%E0%AC%AE%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%BE" title="ତମ୍ବା – Orija" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ତମ୍ବା" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Orija" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%86%D1%80%D1%85%D1%83%D1%8B" title="Æрхуы – Ossetsch" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Æрхуы" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%BE" title="ਤਾਂਬਾ – Pandschabsch" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਤਾਂਬਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Pandschabsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koper" title="Koper – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Koper" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mied%C5%BA" title="Miedź – Poolsch" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Miedź" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Poolsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aram" title="Aram – Piemontesisch" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Aram" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piemontesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%A7" title="تانبا – Westliches Panjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="تانبا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Westliches Panjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cobre" title="Cobre – Portugeesch" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cobre" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugeesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anta" title="Anta – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Anta" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cupru" title="Cupru – Rumäänsch" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Cupru" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumäänsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A2c%C3%A2ri" title="Bâcâri – Aromuunsch" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Bâcâri" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromuunsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8C" title="Медь – Russ’sch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Медь" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russ’sch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%96%D0%B4%D1%8C" title="Мідь – Russinisch" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Мідь" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Russinisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="ताम्रम् – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="ताम्रम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD_(%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%8D)" title="Алтан (химия элэмиэнэ) – Jakuutsch" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Алтан (химия элэмиэнэ)" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Jakuutsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A0mine" title="Ràmine – Sardsch" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Ràmine" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramu" title="Ramu – Siziliaansch" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Ramu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Siziliaansch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capper" title="Capper – Schottsch" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Capper" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Schottsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BD%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%88" title="ٽامو – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ٽامو" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakar" title="Bakar – Serbokroatisch" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Bakar" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbokroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper" title="Copper – einfaches Englisch" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Copper" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="einfaches Englisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Me%C4%8F" title="Meď – Slowaaksch" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Meď" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaksch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baker" title="Baker – Sloweensch" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Baker" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloweensch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mhangura" title="Mhangura – Schona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Mhangura" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Schona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kober" title="Kober – Somaalsch" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Kober" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somaalsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakri" title="Bakri – Albaansch" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Bakri" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albaansch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Бакар – Serbsch" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Бакар" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kooper" title="Kooper – Saterfriesisch" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Kooper" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterfriesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tambaga" title="Tambaga – Sundaneesch" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Tambaga" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundaneesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koppar" title="Koppar – Sweedsch" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Koppar" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Sweedsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaba" title="Shaba – Suaheli" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Shaba" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Suaheli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81" title="செப்பு – Tamilsch" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="செப்பு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamilsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%A6_%E0%B2%85%E0%B2%A6%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%81" title="ತಾಮ್ರದ ಅದುರು – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ತಾಮ್ರದ ಅದುರು" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%BF" title="రాగి – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="రాగి" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Мис – Tadschiksch" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Мис" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tadschiksch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%87" title="ทองแดง – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ทองแดง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanso_(elemento)" title="Tanso (elemento) – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Tanso (elemento)" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bak%C4%B1r" title="Bakır – Törksch" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Bakır" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Törksch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%8B%D1%80" title="Бакыр – Tataarsch" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Бакыр" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tataarsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%81" title="Чес – Tuwinsch" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Чес" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="Tuwinsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%89%D8%B3" title="مىس – Uiguursch" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="مىس" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uiguursch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%96%D0%B4%D1%8C" title="Мідь – Ukrainsch" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Мідь" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%A7" title="تانبا – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="تانبا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mis" title="Mis – Usbeeksch" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Mis" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Usbeeksch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramo" title="Ramo – Venetisch" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Ramo" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vas%27k" title="Vas'k – Wepsisch" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Vas'k" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Wepsisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%93ng" title="Đồng – Vietnameesch" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Đồng" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnameesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuprin" title="Kuprin – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Kuprin" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keuve" title="Keuve – Walloonsch" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Keuve" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloonsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumbaga" title="Tumbaga – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Tumbaga" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%93%9C" title="铜 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="铜" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B5%D1%81" title="Зес – Kalmücksch" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Зес" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="Kalmücksch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%AF%E1%83%98" title="ლინჯი – Mingrelisch" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ლინჯი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%A2%D7%A8" title="קופער – Jiddisch" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="קופער" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Jiddisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A0b%C3%A0" title="Bàbà – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Bàbà" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doengz" title="Doengz – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Doengz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8F%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%99" title="ⴰⵏⴰⵙ – Tamazight" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⴰⵏⴰⵙ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="Tamazight" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%93%9C" title="铜 – Chineesch" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="铜" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chineesch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%8A%85" title="銅 – Klassisches Chinesisch" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="銅" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Klassisches Chinesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A2ng" title="Tâng – Min Nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Tâng" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Min Nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%8A%85" title="銅 – Kantonesisch" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="銅" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usoklele" title="Usoklele – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Usoklele" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q753#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Interspraaklenken ännern" class="wbc-editpage">Linken ännern</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Naamrüüm"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Kopper" title="Siet ankieken [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Siet</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Diskuschoon:Kopper" rel="discussion" title="Diskuschoon över disse Siet [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Diskuschoon</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Sprachvariante ändern" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Plattdüütsch</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div 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dalladen</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kopper&printable=yes" title="Druckversion vun disse Siet [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Druckverschoon</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In anner Projekten </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Copper" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q753" title="Link zum verbundenen Objekt im Datenrepositorium [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata Saak</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Seitenwerkzeuge"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Utsehn"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Utsehn</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">In die Seitenleiste verschieben</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">versteken</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Vun Wikipedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(wiederwiest vun <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kopper_(Metall)&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Kopper (Metall)">Kopper (Metall)</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nds" dir="ltr"><div id="Vorlaag_Disse_Artikel" style="background-color: #fafafa; padding: 1px 1em; border-bottom: 1px solid #afafaf; font-size: 92%; margin-top: -1em;"> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bild:Disambig.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Disambig.svg/16px-Disambig.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Disambig.svg/24px-Disambig.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Disambig.svg/32px-Disambig.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="183" /></a></span> Dit Woort hett noch annere Bedüden: kiek dorför ünner <a href="/wiki/Kopper_(Mehrd%C3%BCdig_Begreep)" class="mw-disambig" title="Kopper (Mehrdüdig Begreep)">Kopper (Mehrdüdig Begreep)</a>. </p> </div> <table class="Elementbox Tabell rechts Elementbox-Overgangselement" border="1"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2"> <table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr> <td align="center"><span style="font-size: 120%; font-weight: bold;">29</span> </td> <td align="center" style="padding-left: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 95%;"><a href="/wiki/Nickel_(Metall)" title="Nickel (Metall)">Ni</a></span> ← <span style="font-size: 120%;">Kopper</span> → <span style="font-size: 95%;"><a href="/wiki/Zink" title="Zink">Zn</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span style="font-size: 95%;">nix</span><br />↑<br /><span style="font-size:120%; font-weight:bold;">Cu</span><br />↓<br /><span style="font-size: 95%;"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BClver" title="Sülver">Ag</a></span> </td> <td> <table> <tbody><tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bild:Cu-TableImage.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Cu-TableImage.svg/300px-Cu-TableImage.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Cu-TableImage.svg/450px-Cu-TableImage.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Cu-TableImage.svg/600px-Cu-TableImage.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="629" data-file-height="183" /></a></span><div align="center"><a href="/wiki/Periodensystem" title="Periodensystem">Periodensystem</a></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">Allgemeen </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cheemsch_Element#List_vun_de_Elementen_na_Naam" title="Cheemsch Element">Naam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Atomteken" title="Atomteken">Teken</a>, <a href="/wiki/Atomtall" title="Atomtall">Atomtall</a> </td> <td>Kopper, Cu, 29 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cheemsch_Serie" title="Cheemsch Serie">Cheemsch Serie</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%C3%96vergangselement" title="Övergangselement">Övergangselement</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kl%C3%B6%C3%B6r" title="Klöör">Klöör</a></td> <td>metallsch root </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Atommass" title="Atommass">Atommass</a></td> <td>63,546 <a href="/wiki/Atomare_Masseneenheit" title="Atomare Masseneenheit">u</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Elektronenkonfiguratschoon" title="Elektronenkonfiguratschoon">Elektronenkonfiguratschoon</a></td> <td>[<a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon">Ar</a>]3d<sup>10</sup>4s<sup>1</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Elektron" title="Elektron">Elektronen</a> je <a href="/wiki/Elektronenschaal" title="Elektronenschaal">Schaal</a></td> <td>2, 8, 18, 1 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">Physikaalsche Egenschoppen </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Phaas_(Materie)" title="Phaas (Materie)">Phaas</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Faststoff" title="Faststoff">Faststoff</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dicht" title="Dicht">Dicht</a></td> <td>8,96 g·cm<sup>−3</sup><br />(bi <a href="/wiki/Ruumtemperatur" title="Ruumtemperatur">RT</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sm%C3%B6ltpunkt" title="Smöltpunkt">Smöltpunkt</a></td> <td>1357,77 <a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">K</a><br />(1.085 <a href="/wiki/Grad_Celsius" title="Grad Celsius">°C</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kaakpunkt" title="Kaakpunkt">Kaakpunkt</a></td> <td>2835 <a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">K</a><br />(2.562<a href="/wiki/Grad_Celsius" title="Grad Celsius">°C</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">Atomare Egenschoppen </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kristallstruktur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kristallstruktur (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Kristallstruktur</a></td> <td>kubisch flachzentreert </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3" valign="top"><a href="/wiki/Ionisatschoonsenergie" title="Ionisatschoonsenergie">Ionisatschoonsenergien</a> </td> <td>1.: 745,5 kJ/mol </td></tr> <tr> <td>2.: 1957,9 kJ/mol </td></tr> <tr> <td>3.: 3555 kJ/mol </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Atomradius" title="Atomradius">Atomradius</a></td> <td>135 <a href="/wiki/Meter" title="Meter">pm</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">Annere Egenschoppen </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">Isotopen (Utwahl) </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <table class="Tabell" width="100%"> <caption>Hööftartikel: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Isotopen_vun_Kopper&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Isotopen vun Kopper (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Isotopen vun Kopper</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Isotop" title="Isotop">Iso</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/V%C3%B6rkamen_in_de_Natur" title="Vörkamen in de Natur">VN</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Halfweertstiet" title="Halfweertstiet">t<sub>½</sub></a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Radioaktivit%C3%A4t" title="Radioaktivität">VO</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Verfallsenergie" title="Verfallsenergie">VE</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Elektronenvolt" class="mw-redirect" title="Elektronenvolt">MeV</a>)</small> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Verfallsprodukt" title="Verfallsprodukt">VP</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><sup>63</sup>Cu </td> <td>69,17 % </td> <td colspan="4"><i>Cu</i> is mit 34 <a href="/wiki/Neutron" title="Neutron">Neutronen</a> bestännig. </td></tr> <tr> <td><sup>65</sup>Cu </td> <td>30,83 % </td> <td colspan="4"><i>Cu</i> is mit 36 <a href="/wiki/Neutron" title="Neutron">Neutronen</a> bestännig. </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"> </th></tr></tbody></table> <p>Dat <b>Kopper</b> is en <a href="/wiki/Cheemsch_Element" title="Cheemsch Element">cheemsch Element</a> mit dat <a href="/wiki/Atomteken" title="Atomteken">Atomteken</a> <b>Cu</b> un de <a href="/wiki/Atomtall" title="Atomtall">Atomtall</a> 29. Kopper höört to de Grupp vun de <a href="/wiki/%C3%96vergangselement" title="Övergangselement">Övergangselementen</a> un is en <a href="/wiki/Metall" title="Metall">Metall</a>. Dat Atomteken is de Afkörten vun’t <a href="/wiki/Latiensch" class="mw-redirect" title="Latiensch">lat.</a> Woort <i>Cuprum</i>, dat sik afleidt vun <i>aes cyprium</i> („<a href="/wiki/Ierz" title="Ierz">Ierz</a> vun’t Eiland <a href="/wiki/Zypern" class="mw-redirect" title="Zypern">Zypern</a>“). Op Zypern is in de Antike Kopper wunnen worrn. </p><p>Dat Metall is teemlich week un lett sik goot formen. Vun wegen sien Leddegenschoppen för Warms un Stroom warrt Kopper geern as Warkstoff, as <a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%BCntmetall&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Müntmetall (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Müntmetall</a> un in de <a href="/wiki/Elektrotechnik" title="Elektrotechnik">Elektrotechnik</a> insett. Vun wegen dat Kopper swack reaktiv is, warrt dat to de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eddelmetall&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eddelmetall (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Eddelmetallen</a> tellt. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kopper_in_de_Natur">Kopper in de Natur</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kopper&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Ännere Afsnitt: Kopper in de Natur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>ännern</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kopper&action=edit&section=1" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Kopper in de Natur"><span>Bornkood ännern</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bild:Cuivre_Michigan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Cuivre_Michigan.jpg/180px-Cuivre_Michigan.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Cuivre_Michigan.jpg/270px-Cuivre_Michigan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Cuivre_Michigan.jpg/360px-Cuivre_Michigan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4036" data-file-height="2779" /></a><figcaption>Kopper.</figcaption></figure> <p>Kopper gifft dat <a href="/wiki/Gediegen" title="Gediegen">gediegen</a>, man dat kummt nich so faken vör. Meist finnt man dat in <a href="/wiki/Basalt" title="Basalt">basaltsche</a> <a href="/wiki/Lava" title="Lava">Lava</a>, wo dat ut de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sm%C3%B6lt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Smölt (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Smölt</a> hatt warrt. Dor kummt dat denn as Klutens (<a href="/wiki/Nugget_(Metallurgie)" title="Nugget (Metallurgie)">Nuggets</a>) in vör oder as vertwiegt Strukturn (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dendrit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dendrit (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Dendriten</a>). De <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kristall&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kristall (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Kristallen</a> sünd kuubsch, dat heet, as en <a href="/wiki/W%C3%B6rpel_(Geometrie)" title="Wörpel (Geometrie)">Wörpel</a>. Kopper is week, de <a href="/wiki/Mohshard" title="Mohshard">Hard</a> liggt bi 3. De Klöör is root. Kopper billt mit de Tiet ok en gröne <a href="/w/index.php?title=Patina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Patina (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Patina</a>. Dat kümmt dör cheemsch Reakschonen mit Stoffen in de Luft to Kopper-<a href="/w/index.php?title=Carbonat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carbonat (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Carbonat</a>-, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sulfat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sulfat (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Sulfat</a>- un <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hydroxid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hydroxid (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Hydroxid</a>-Mischen. </p><p>Veel faakener kummt dat Kopper aver as <a href="/wiki/Ierz" title="Ierz">Ierz</a> vör un dorvun gifft dat ok en ganze Reeg. Kopper warrt meist ut <a href="/wiki/Chalkopyrit" title="Chalkopyrit">Kopperkies</a> (CuFeS<sub>2</sub>) oder <a href="/wiki/Chalkosin" title="Chalkosin">Koppergleem</a> (Cu<sub>2</sub>S) gewunnen. Nicht ganz so faaken warrt Kopper ok ut <a href="/wiki/Bornit" title="Bornit">Bornit</a> (Cu<sub>5</sub>FeS<sub>4</sub>), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Atacamit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Atacamit (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Atacamit</a> [CuCl<sub>2</sub> • Cu(OH)<sub>2</sub>], <a href="/w/index.php?title=Malachit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Malachit (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Malachit</a> (Cu<sub>2</sub>[(OH)<sub>2</sub>|CO<sub>3</sub>]) oder annere Ierze afscheed. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historie">Historie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kopper&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Ännere Afsnitt: Historie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>ännern</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kopper&action=edit&section=2" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Historie"><span>Bornkood ännern</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kopper weer mang <a href="/wiki/Gold" title="Gold">Gold</a>, <a href="/wiki/S%C3%BClver" title="Sülver">Sülver</a> un <a href="/wiki/Tinn" title="Tinn">Tinn</a> en vun de eersten Metallen, dat de <a href="/wiki/Homo_sapiens" class="mw-redirect" title="Homo sapiens">Minschen</a> bruukt harrn. Kopper is teemlich week un goot to formen. Dorüm weer dat Metall al in de öllsten bekannten Kulturen vör ruchweg 10.000 Johren bruukt. De Tiet vun’t 5. Johrdusend v. Chr. un’t 3. Johrdusend v. Chr. warrt mitünner ok <i>Koppertiet</i> nöömt, as de Bruuk vun Kopper dormols wiet verbreedt weer. </p><p>Later harrn se denn klookkreegen, dat dat mit <a href="/wiki/Tinn" title="Tinn">Tinn</a> en <a href="/w/index.php?title=Legeeren&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Legeeren (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Legeeren</a> gifft, de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bronze&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bronze (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Bronze</a>. Dorvun hett de <a href="/wiki/Bronzetiet" title="Bronzetiet">Bronzetiet</a> ehrn Namen kreegen. Bronze is harder un bestänniger as Kopper un weer as Warkstoff duersomer. Man dat Ünnerscheeden vun <a href="/wiki/Blie" title="Blie">Blie</a> un <a href="/wiki/Tinn" title="Tinn">Tinn</a> keem eerst later mit wassen Weten in de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Metallurgie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Metallurgie (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Metallurgie</a>, so dat de Begreep Bronze ut hüütige Sicht ’n beten wat anners to bruken is un blots op hoochkopperhollige Tinn-Kopper-Legeeren anweent warrt. </p><p>De goldgele Kopper-Zink-Legeeren „<a href="/w/index.php?title=Missing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Missing (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Missing</a>“ weer ok al in’t antike Grekenland bekannt. Dat weer dör dat gemeensome Bearbeiten vun de enkelten Ierzen tohopensmölt. Man, eerst de Römers hebbt dat Verfohren vermehrt anwennt. In’t olle <a href="/wiki/Kolumbien" title="Kolumbien">Kolumbien</a> weer faken de Gold-Kopper-Legeeren <a href="/wiki/Tumbaga" title="Tumbaga">Tumbaga</a> bruukt. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Födderlänner"><span id="F.C3.B6dderl.C3.A4nner"></span>Födderlänner</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kopper&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Ännere Afsnitt: Födderlänner" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>ännern</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kopper&action=edit&section=3" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Födderlänner"><span>Bornkood ännern</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bild:Kupfer_-_Trend_F%C3%B6rderung.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Kupfer_-_Trend_F%C3%B6rderung.svg/220px-Kupfer_-_Trend_F%C3%B6rderung.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Kupfer_-_Trend_F%C3%B6rderung.svg/330px-Kupfer_-_Trend_F%C3%B6rderung.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Kupfer_-_Trend_F%C3%B6rderung.svg/440px-Kupfer_-_Trend_F%C3%B6rderung.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="530" /></a><figcaption>Kopperföddern mit de Johren</figcaption></figure> <p>Dat bedüdenste kopperproduzeeren Land is <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a> mit groden Afstand för <a href="/wiki/Indonesien" title="Indonesien">Indonesien</a> un de <a href="/wiki/USA" class="mw-redirect" title="USA">USA</a>. De bedüdenste europääsche Kopperproduzent is <a href="/wiki/Polen" title="Polen">Polen</a>, dat vun de Föddermengden wiet för <a href="/wiki/Bulgarien" title="Bulgarien">Bulgarien</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a> un <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a> liggt. De gröttsten Exportlänner hebbt sik in de <a href="/w/index.php?title=CIPEC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CIPEC (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">CIPEC</a> organiseert. To disse Verenigen höört ü. a. Australien, Indonesien, de Demokraatsche Republiek Kongo un Papua-Niegguinea, woneem een vun de gröttsten Koppermienen vun de Welt op dat Eiland <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bougainville&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bougainville (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Bougainville</a> 1988 to en Börgerkrieg föhrt hett, wovun de Naklapp noch bit hüüt to marken is. </p><p>Vun histoorsche Bedüden weern to’n Bispeel de Koppergruven op’t Keweenaw-Halfeiland in’n <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lake_Superior&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lake Superior (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Lake Superior</a> in de <a href="/wiki/USA" class="mw-redirect" title="USA">USA</a>. Dat is dat weltwiet gröttste Vörkamen vun gediegen Kopper, woneem al in de vörkolumbischen Tiet Kopper wunnen weer. In Düütschland is bit 1900 in’t <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mansfelder_Land&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mansfelder Land (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Mansfelder Land</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kopperschiver&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kopperschiver (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Kopperschiver</a> afboet worrn. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Winnen">Winnen</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kopper&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Ännere Afsnitt: Winnen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>ännern</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kopper&action=edit&section=4" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Winnen"><span>Bornkood ännern</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bild:Kupfer_mineral_erz.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Kupfer_mineral_erz.jpg/220px-Kupfer_mineral_erz.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Kupfer_mineral_erz.jpg/330px-Kupfer_mineral_erz.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Kupfer_mineral_erz.jpg/440px-Kupfer_mineral_erz.jpg 2x" data-file-width="882" data-file-height="590" /></a><figcaption>Kopperstoop</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bild:Cu-Scheibe.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Cu-Scheibe.JPG/180px-Cu-Scheibe.JPG" decoding="async" width="180" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Cu-Scheibe.JPG/270px-Cu-Scheibe.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Cu-Scheibe.JPG/360px-Cu-Scheibe.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3616" data-file-height="3584" /></a><figcaption>Kopperschiev</figcaption></figure> <p>To’n Herstellen vun Kopper warrt ut Kopperkies (CuFeS<sub>2</sub>) toeerst de so nöömte <i>Koppersteen</i> (Cu<sub>2</sub>S mit ünnerscheedlich Andeel an FeS un üm un bi 70 % Kopper) wunnen. Dat Material warrt dorto ünner Tosetten vun Koks <a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%B6sten_(Metallurgie)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rösten (Metallurgie) (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">röst</a> un de Iesenoxiden dorin dör Toslagstoffen, de <a href="/wiki/Kiesels%C3%BC%C3%BCr" title="Kieselsüür">Kieselsüür</a> bargt, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Slack&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Slack (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">verslackt</a>. Disse Iesensilikatslack swemmt baven op den Koppersteen un kann licht afgaten warrn. </p> <dl><dd><ul><li><i>Röstarbeit:</i></li></ul></dd> <dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {6\ CuFeS_{2}+10\ O_{2}\longrightarrow 3\ Cu_{2}S+2\ FeS+2\ Fe_{2}O_{3}+7\ SO_{2}} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>6</mn> <mtext> </mtext> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">u</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">F</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">S</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mn>10</mn> <mtext> </mtext> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">⟶</mo> <mn>3</mn> <mtext> </mtext> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">u</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">S</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mtext> </mtext> <mi mathvariant="normal">F</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">S</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mtext> </mtext> <mi mathvariant="normal">F</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mn>7</mn> <mtext> </mtext> <mi mathvariant="normal">S</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {6\ CuFeS_{2}+10\ O_{2}\longrightarrow 3\ Cu_{2}S+2\ FeS+2\ Fe_{2}O_{3}+7\ SO_{2}} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/bd92e5cd542a9b56a2ef2bd7c500332c0182aa2e" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:58.59ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {6\ CuFeS_{2}+10\ O_{2}\longrightarrow 3\ Cu_{2}S+2\ FeS+2\ Fe_{2}O_{3}+7\ SO_{2}} }" /></span></dd></dl> <dl><dd><ul><li><i>Smöltarbeit:</i></li></ul></dd> <dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {Fe_{2}O_{3}+C+SiO_{2}\longrightarrow Fe_{2}SiO_{4}+CO} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">F</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">S</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">i</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">⟶</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">F</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">S</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">i</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {Fe_{2}O_{3}+C+SiO_{2}\longrightarrow Fe_{2}SiO_{4}+CO} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/fa7f8ce010e4b94d5aca9312e0ad3bbc35d72b44" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:38.456ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {Fe_{2}O_{3}+C+SiO_{2}\longrightarrow Fe_{2}SiO_{4}+CO} }" /></span></dd></dl> <p>De Koppersteen warrt to <i>Rohkopper</i> (ok „Swartkopper“ mit en Kopperandeel vun ruchweg 98 %) wieterverarbeit. Dorto warrt dat Rohkopper gleihfletig maakt un in en Konverter gaten. In disse Smölt warrt Luft rinblaast. In en eerste Stoop (<i>Slackenblasen</i>) warrt dorbi dat Iesensulfid to Iesenoxid röst un dör toslahn <a href="/w/index.php?title=Quarz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Quarz (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Quarz</a> to Slack bunnen warrn, de wedder afgaten warrn kann. De tweete Stoop is dat <i>Garblasen</i>, wobi twee Drüddel vun’t restliche Cu<sub>2</sub>S to Cu<sub>2</sub>O oxideert warrt. Dat Oxid sett sik mit dat restliche Sulfid to Rohkopper üm. </p> <dl><dd><ul><li><i>Slackenblasen:</i></li></ul></dd> <dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {2\ Cu_{2}S+3\ O_{2}\longrightarrow 2\ Cu_{2}O+2\ SO_{2}} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> <mtext> </mtext> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">u</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">S</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>3</mn> <mtext> </mtext> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">⟶</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mtext> </mtext> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">u</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mtext> </mtext> <mi mathvariant="normal">S</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {2\ Cu_{2}S+3\ O_{2}\longrightarrow 2\ Cu_{2}O+2\ SO_{2}} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/eb2a453651028cc430f6826387d20e1d796847d6" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:35.917ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {2\ Cu_{2}S+3\ O_{2}\longrightarrow 2\ Cu_{2}O+2\ SO_{2}} }" /></span></dd></dl> <dl><dd><ul><li><i>Garblasen:</i></li></ul></dd> <dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {Cu_{2}S+2\ Cu_{2}O\longrightarrow 6\ Cu+SO_{2}} }"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">u</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">S</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mtext> </mtext> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">u</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mo stretchy="false">⟶</mo> <mn>6</mn> <mtext> </mtext> <mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">u</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">S</mi> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {Cu_{2}S+2\ Cu_{2}O\longrightarrow 6\ Cu+SO_{2}} }</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/028dbe83ea96dccd39321d3986c4655def0be860" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:32.539ex; height:2.509ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {Cu_{2}S+2\ Cu_{2}O\longrightarrow 6\ Cu+SO_{2}} }" /></span></dd></dl> <p>Dat Rohkopper (ok „Zementkopper“ nöömt) warrt dorna <a href="/wiki/Elektrolys" title="Elektrolys">elektrolytsch</a> rein maakt. Dat unreine Kopper billt dorbi de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anood&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anood (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Anood</a>. Vun dor ut wannert dat Metall as <a href="/wiki/Ion" title="Ion">Ion</a> na de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kathood&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kathood (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Kathood</a>, woneem dat as <i>Elektrolytkopper</i> mit blots noch ganz wenig Bimengen vun annere Stoffen afscheedt warrt. De Kopper-Andeel liggt denn bi 99,99 %. De weniger eddeln Metallen vun de Bimengen blievt in’t Elektrolyt löst, de eddeleren Metallen (to’n Bispeel <a href="/wiki/S%C3%BClver" title="Sülver">Sülver</a> un <a href="/wiki/Gold" title="Gold">Gold</a>) billt den „Elektrolytmudd“ un warrt enkelt opbereidt. </p><p>De Produkschoon vun Kopper löpt in en <a href="/w/index.php?title=Affinerie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Affinerie (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Affinerie</a>. In Düütschland is dorför de <a href="/wiki/Noordd%C3%BC%C3%BCtsche_Affinerie" title="Noorddüütsche Affinerie">Noorddüütsche Affinerie</a> in <a href="/wiki/Hamborg" title="Hamborg">Hamborg</a> bekannt. Fröher hett dat ok de Duisborger Kopperhütt (hüüt: DK Recycling) maakt. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eegenschoppen">Eegenschoppen</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kopper&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Ännere Afsnitt: Eegenschoppen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>ännern</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kopper&action=edit&section=5" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Eegenschoppen"><span>Bornkood ännern</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="physikaalsch">physikaalsch</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kopper&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Ännere Afsnitt: physikaalsch" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>ännern</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kopper&action=edit&section=6" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: physikaalsch"><span>Bornkood ännern</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kopper hett en <a href="/wiki/Sm%C3%B6ltpunkt" title="Smöltpunkt">Smöltpunkt</a> vun 1084,3 <a href="/wiki/Grad_Celsius" title="Grad Celsius">°C</a>, de mit’n Füer vun Holt goot to kriegen is. Un wenn dat smolten is, denn kann een dat ok geeten. Mit en <a href="/wiki/Dicht" title="Dicht">Dicht</a> vun 8920 kg/m³ tellt Kopper to de <a href="/wiki/Swormetall" class="mw-redirect" title="Swormetall">Swormetallen</a>. Dat kristalliseert in’t kubisch-flachzentreerte (<i>fcc</i> „face centered cubic“) <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kristallsystem&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kristallsystem (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Kristallsystem</a> (Cu-Tyyp) un hett en <a href="/wiki/Mohshard" title="Mohshard">Mohshard</a> twüschen 2,5 un 3. </p><p>Bito is Kopper en goden Leider för elektrischen Stroom (58 · 10<sup>6</sup> S/m), un liggt dorbi blots wenig achter dat <a href="/wiki/S%C3%BClver" title="Sülver">Sülver</a>. De Leddanlaag is aver düütlich beter as bi <a href="/wiki/Gold" title="Gold">Gold</a>. Ok Warms warrt dör Kopper bannig goot leidt. Op dat Gewicht rekent is Aluminium en noch beteren elektrischen Leider as Kopper, man dat hett dorbi mehr Volumen. Op’n Quadratzemtimeter Leidungsdwersnitt is dorüm Kopper de betere Leider. Butendem reageert Kopper aver nich so gau as Aluminium un lett sik ok beter verarbeiten. Dorüm warrt tomeist Kopper in de Elektrotechnik bruukt. Aluminium warrt blots insett, wenn dat op’t Gewicht ankummt. </p><p>Kopper hett as blank Metall en hellrode Klöör un sien <a href="/wiki/Streekkl%C3%B6%C3%B6r" title="Streekklöör">Streekklöör</a> is rosaroot. Wenn dat an de Luft is, löpt dat Metall röötlichbruun an. Wenn dat wieter <a href="/w/index.php?title=Verweddern&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Verweddern (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Verweddern</a> un korrodeern deit, billt sik mit de Tiet – faken över Johrhunnerten – en böverflachige <a href="/w/index.php?title=Patina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Patina (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Patina</a>. De Metallgleem geiht dorbi verloren un de Klöör wesselt to en blaugröön. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="cheemsch">cheemsch</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kopper&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Ännere Afsnitt: cheemsch" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>ännern</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kopper&action=edit&section=7" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: cheemsch"><span>Bornkood ännern</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kopper kummt in de <a href="/wiki/Oxidatschoonsstoop" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxidatschoonsstoop">Oxidatschoonsstopen</a> 0, +1, +2, +3 un +4 vör, wobi +1 un +2 an’n fakensten is. +2 is bito de bestännigste Stoop in waterige Lösen. Bannig roor is dorgegen de Oxidatschoonsstoop +4 (as to’n Bispeel in Cs<sub>2</sub>CuF<sub>6</sub>). Kopper(II)-Solten (t. B. <a href="/wiki/Koppersulfat" title="Koppersulfat">Koppersulfat</a>) wiest tomeist en blaue oder gröne Klöör op. De cheemschen Egenschoppen vun’t Kopper sünd mitünner teemlich gliek as de Elementen Sülver un Gold, de in de glieken Grupp staht. So warrt an en Iesen-Nagel, de in en Lösen mit Koppersulfat duukt warrt, en Schicht ut metallsch Kopper afscheedt, wobi Iesen as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Iesensulfat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iesensulfat (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Iesensulfat</a> in de Lösen geiht. Dat kummt dorvun, dat Iesen weniger eddel is as Kopper (kiek dorto ok bi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Spannungsreeg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spannungsreeg (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Spannungsreeg</a>). </p><p>In fletig Kopper künnt sik Suerstoff un Waterstoff lösen, de sik bi’t Verklamen vun de Smölt to Waterdamp ümsetten künnt. Dat is de Oorsaak dorför, dat sik in Gaatstücken Gasporosität utbilln kann. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bruuk">Bruuk</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kopper&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Ännere Afsnitt: Bruuk" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>ännern</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kopper&action=edit&section=8" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Bruuk"><span>Bornkood ännern</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bild:100_1871.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/100_1871.jpg/180px-100_1871.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="233" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/100_1871.jpg/270px-100_1871.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/100_1871.jpg/360px-100_1871.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1648" data-file-height="2134" /></a><figcaption>En opwickelt Kopper-Spool</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bild:Copper_object.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Copper_object.JPG/180px-Copper_object.JPG" decoding="async" width="180" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Copper_object.JPG/270px-Copper_object.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Copper_object.JPG/360px-Copper_object.JPG 2x" data-file-width="733" data-file-height="1088" /></a><figcaption>En Putt ut Kopper</figcaption></figure> <p>Sünnerlich weern dat <a href="/wiki/Ketel" title="Ketel">Ketel</a> un <a href="/w/index.php?title=Grapen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grapen (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Grapen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pott" title="Pott">Pütt</a> un <a href="/wiki/Pann" title="Pann">Pannen</a> de ut Kopper maakt worrn sünd un deelwies ok noch hüüt maakt warn. Dat geit to’n een dör Geeten un to’n Annern dör Smeden. Vun öllers her geev dat denn den <a href="/w/index.php?title=Grapengeter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grapengeter (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Grapengeter</a>, de de Grapen geeten dee un den <a href="/w/index.php?title=Koppersmitt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Koppersmitt (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Koppersmitt</a>, de t.B. Pannen smeden dee. </p><p>Hüüt warrt Kopper besünners in de <a href="/wiki/Elektronik" title="Elektronik">Elektronik</a> un <a href="/wiki/Elektrotechnik" title="Elektrotechnik">Elektrotechnik</a> bruukt. Dat kümmt dorvun dat dat Kopper den <a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektrisch_Stroom&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elektrisch Stroom (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">elektrisch Stroom</a> good leeden deiht. Hett nich veel <a href="/wiki/Elektrisch_Wedderstand" title="Elektrisch Wedderstand">elketrischen Wedderstand</a>. Dorut warrt <a href="/w/index.php?title=Draht&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Draht (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Draht</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kavel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kavel (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Kavels</a> un Leidungen maakt, Leiderbahnen un - <a href="/w/index.php?title=Leiderplatt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leiderplatt (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">platten</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Integreert_Schaltkreis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Integreert Schaltkreis (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">integreerte Schaltkreisen</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Spool_(Elektrotechnik)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spool (Elektrotechnik) (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Spolen</a> Aver Kopper is ok to finnen in <a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%BCnt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Münt (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Münten</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Smuck&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Smuck (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Smuck</a>, Armaturen, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rohr_(Technik)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rohr (Technik) (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Rohrleidungen</a>, Kunstsaken un vele annere Saken. Dorbi is Kopper en teemlich düer Metall. Sien Weltmarktpries leeg in’n Mai 2008 bi 5450 €/t.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kopper wiest ok en hoge <a href="/w/index.php?title=Reflexionsgrad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reflexionsgrad (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Reflexionsanlaag</a> op in’t <a href="/w/index.php?title=Infraroot&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Infraroot (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Infrarode</a> un warrt dorüm as Spegel för <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kohlenstoffdioxidlaser&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kohlenstoffdioxidlaser (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Kohlenstoffdioxidlaser</a>-Strahlen insett. </p><p>Man, Kopper kann ok goot de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thermische_Leddanlaag&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thermische Leddanlaag (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Warms leiden</a> un is dorüm goot egent as Warmsafleider. </p><p>In’t <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kunsthandwark&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kunsthandwark (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Kunsthandwark</a> warrt Kopperblick <a href="/w/index.php?title=Direvarbeit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Direvarbeit (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">dreven</a>, also dör Hamern formt. Dat is licht to maken, vun wegen dat Kopper bannig week is. Kopperblicken warrt ok för Dackarbeiten bruukt, worop sik na en Tiet en bestännige gröne <a href="/w/index.php?title=Patina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Patina (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Patina</a> utbillt, de ut verscheden Kopperhydroxiden un -carbonaten besteiht. Gegen en wietverbreedt Menen is dat aver keen <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gr%C3%B6%C3%B6nspaan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gröönspaan (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Gröönspaan</a> (kiek: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kopperacetat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kopperacetat (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Kopperacetat</a>). De Patina schuult dat Metall dorünner vör wietere Korrosion, so dat Kopperdäcker mehrere Hunnert Johren överduern künnt. </p><p>Kopper warrt ok vör verscheden <a href="/w/index.php?title=Legeeren&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Legeeren (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Legeeren</a> bruukt, as vör dat goldgele <a href="/w/index.php?title=Missing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Missing (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Missing</a> (mit <a href="/wiki/Zink" title="Zink">Zink</a>), de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bronze&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bronze (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Bronze</a> (mit <a href="/wiki/Tinn" title="Tinn">Tinn</a>) oder ok <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nees%C3%BClver&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neesülver (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Neesülver</a> (mit Zink un <a href="/wiki/Nickel_(Metall)" title="Nickel (Metall)">Nickel</a>). Disse Legeeren hebbt gode Egenschoppen as jemehr Klöör, de Korrosionsbestännigkeit un spünd licht to verarbeiden, worüm se geern insett warrt. Dorbi warrt ünnerscheedt twüschen Kneedlegeeren (Missing un Neesülver) un Gaatwarkstoffen (Rootgaat, Bronzen). De Kneedlegeeren künnt plastisch ümformt warrn dör Warmümformen as Walzen oder Smeden oder Kooltümformen as Drahttehn, Hamern, Kooltwalzen oder Deeptehn. Gaatwarkstoffen sünd dorgegen sünd plastisch nich oder blots swor to formen. </p><p>Saken vun sülverwitte Klöör oder mit eddelstahlordig Utsehn sünd faken Legeeren mit en hogen Kopperandeel, wobi de kopperegene Farv weggeiht, wenn de Nickelandeel hooch noog is. </p><p>Dat gifft ok vele Müntwarkstoffen, de op de Grundlaag vun Kopper herstellt sünd. To’n Bispeel dat Metall worut de <a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">Euromünten</a> maakt sünd, dat so nöömte „<a href="/wiki/Noordisch_Gold" title="Noordisch Gold">Noordische Gold</a>“, besteiht ut en Kopper-Zink-Aluminium-Tinn-Legeeren. De Müntmetallen vun de bit 2001 gellen <a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C3%BC%C3%BCtsche_Mark&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Düütsche Mark (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">1-DM</a>-Münten as ok de hellen Andelen vun de Euromünten bestaht ut <a href="/w/index.php?title=Koppernickel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Koppernickel (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Koppernickel</a>-Legeeren. </p><p>Kopperverbinnen kamt butendem in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pigment&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pigment (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Farvpigmenten</a>, as Toner, in medizinsche Stoffen un in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Galvanik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Galvanik (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">galvaansche</a> Bavenflachenbeschichten vör. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bioloogsch_Wirken">Bioloogsch Wirken</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kopper&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Ännere Afsnitt: Bioloogsch Wirken" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>ännern</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kopper&action=edit&section=9" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Bioloogsch Wirken"><span>Bornkood ännern</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kopper is Bestanddeel vun’t blaue <a href="/w/index.php?title=H%C3%A4mocyanin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hämocyanin (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Hämocyanin</a>, wat bi vele <a href="/wiki/Weekdeerten" class="mw-redirect" title="Weekdeerten">Weekdeerten</a> un <a href="/wiki/Arthropoda" class="mw-redirect" title="Arthropoda">Arthropoda</a> as Bloodfarvstoff to’n Transport vun Suerstoff deent. Ok bi all högeren Leevwesens is Kopper Bestanddeel vun vele <a href="/wiki/Enzym" title="Enzym">Enzymen</a> un dormit levensnotwännig <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sporenelement&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sporenelement (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Sporenelement</a>. Utwassen Minschen bruukt dorvun an’n Dag 1,0 bit 1,5 Milligram.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vör allen <a href="/wiki/Lebber" title="Lebber">Lebber</a>, Koorn, <a href="/wiki/Schokolaad" title="Schokolaad">Schokolaad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%B6%C3%B6nt%C3%BC%C3%BCch" title="Grööntüüch">Grööntüüch</a> un <a href="/wiki/N%C3%B6%C3%B6t" title="Nööt">Nööt</a> bargt Kopper. </p><p>Bi’n Minschen warrt Kopper vör allen in de Lebber spiekert. Kopper, dat toveel is, warrt mit de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gall&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gall (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Gallenfletigkeit</a> to’n Utscheden in dat Verdauenssystem afgeven.<sup id="cite_ref-merck_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-merck-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In’n Vergliek to annere Sowrmetallen is Kopper för högere Organismen blots swack giftig. En Minsch kann an’n Dag 0,04 Gramm Kopper to sik nehmen, ahn dat dordör Schaden an de Gesundheit tostannen kummt.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bi de roor Arvkrankheit <a href="/w/index.php?title=Morbus_Wilson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Morbus Wilson (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Morbus Wilson</a> is dat Utscheden vun’t Kopper inschränkt, so dat dat mehr in’n Lief inlagert warrt. Dat passeert toeerst in de Lebber. Later, wenn de Lebber dat Kopper an’n <a href="/wiki/Bloodkreisloop" title="Bloodkreisloop">Bloodkreisloop</a> afgeven deit, warrt dat ok in annere Organen inlagert. En annere, ok teemliche rore Krankheit vun Kopperstoffwessel is dat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Menkes-Syndroom&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Menkes-Syndroom (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Menkes-Syndroom</a>. Dorbi kann dat Kopper woll vun de Zellen opnahmen, aer nich ordent wietertransporteert warrn. Dordör hebbt eenige Organen en högeren Kopperandeel, annere en sieteren. </p><p>Dat kann ok angahn, dat de <a href="/wiki/Alzheimer-Krankheit" class="mw-redirect" title="Alzheimer-Krankheit">Alzheimer-Krankheit</a> mööglicherwies mit en Mangel an Kopper tosamenkummt. Opstunns warrt ünnersöcht, wat de therapeutsche Gaav vun Kopper helpen deit.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>De Mangel vun Kopper kummt bi Minschen blots af un an vör, sünners bi lang duern <a href="/w/index.php?title=D%C3%B6rfall&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dörfall (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Dörfallkrankheiten</a>, fröhriepe Kinner, na en lang anduern <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Cnnernehren&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ünnernehren (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Ünnernehren</a> oder dör slechte Opnahm as Naklapp vun Krankheiten as to’n Bispeel <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sprue&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sprue (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Sprue</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Morbus_Crohn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Morbus Crohn (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Morbus Crohn</a> oder <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mukoviszidoos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mukoviszidoos (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Mukoviszidoos</a>. Sietere Koppermengden in’n Lief künnt ok dör en hoge Opnahm vun Zink, Iesen oder Molybdat kamen.<sup id="cite_ref-merck_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-merck-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kopper, dat free, also nich an Proteinen bunnen is, wirkt antibakteriell. Dorbi snackt man ok vun’n <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oligodynamie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oligodynamie (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">oligodynamischen Effekt</a>, as bi’t Sülver. To’n Bispeel warrt Blomenwater, dat in Kopperfatten opbewahrt warrt oder woneem en Koppermünt binnen liggt, nich so gau fuul. </p><p>De giftige Wirken kummt dordör, dat sik Kopper-Ionen an <a href="/w/index.php?title=Thiol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thiol (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Thiol</a>-Gruppen vun Proteinen binnt un <a href="/wiki/Lipid" title="Lipid">Lipiden</a> vun de Zellmembran peroxideert. Dat föhrt to’n Billn vun <a href="/w/index.php?title=Free_Radikal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Free Radikal (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">fre’e Radikalen</a>, de de <a href="/wiki/Desoxyribonukleins%C3%BCre" title="Desoxyribonukleinsüre">DNA</a> un de Zellmembran Schaden toföögt. Bi Minschen föhrt dat, to’n Bispeel in’n Fall vun Morbus Wilson to en Schädigen vun de Organen, de en groden Kopperöverschuss bargt. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Koppersulfat" title="Koppersulfat">Koppersulfat</a> (Koppervitriol) is en stark Breekmiddel, dat dorüm to’n Behanneln von vele Vergiften insett worrn is. En Bispeel is de Vergiften dör witten <a href="/wiki/Phosphor" title="Phosphor">Phosphor</a>, wat in dissen sünnern Fall togliek noch den Vördeel hett, dat de Phosphor as sworlöslich Kopperphosphid bunnen warrt. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nawies">Nawies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kopper&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Ännere Afsnitt: Nawies" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>ännern</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kopper&action=edit&section=10" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Nawies"><span>Bornkood ännern</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De <a href="/w/index.php?title=Boraxperl&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boraxperl (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Boraxperl</a> warrt vun Kopper in de oxideeren Flammenzoon blau bit blau-gröön farvt, in de reduzeeren Flammenzoon is keen Farven to sehn oder de Perl warrt root bit rootbruun farvt. Inn klassichen <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kationenscheedgang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kationenscheedgang (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Kationenscheedgang</a> warrt Kopper in de Swevelwaterstoff-Grupp utfällt un dor in de Koppergrupp as blauen <a href="/w/index.php?title=Komplex_(Chemie)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Komplex (Chemie) (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Komplex</a> nawiest. De Farv dorvun kummt dorvun, dat Lösen vun Kopper-(II)-Ionen mit <a href="/wiki/Ammoniak" title="Ammoniak">Ammoniak</a> en deepblauen Koppertetramminkomplex [Cu(NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub>]<sup>2+</sup> billt. </p><p>En <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaliumhexacyanoferrat(II)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kaliumhexacyanoferrat(II) (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Kaliumhexacyanoferrat(II)</a>-Lösen fällt Kopper (II)-Ionen as Kopper(II)-hexacyanoferrat(II) Cu<sub>2</sub>[Fe(CN)<sub>6</sub>] ut. Disse Nawiesreakschoon is bannig fienföhlig un wiest ok ganz lütte Koppermengden an. </p><p>Koppersolten farvt de Flamm, to’n Bispeel vun’n <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bunsenbrenner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bunsenbrenner (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Bunsenbrenner</a> grün/blau (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Spektroskopie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spektroskopie (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Spektralanalys</a>). </p><p>De quantitative Bestimmen kann mit <a href="/w/index.php?title=Elektrogravimetrie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elektrogravimetrie (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Elektrogravimetrie</a> an en <a href="/wiki/Platin" title="Platin">Platinnettkathood</a> ut en swevelsuren Kopper(II)-holligen Lösen maakt warrn. Maatanalytisch kann Kopper dör <a href="/w/index.php?title=Iodometrie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iodometrie (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Iodometrie</a> oder <a href="/w/index.php?title=Komplexometrie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Komplexometrie (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Komplexometrie</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Titratschoon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Titratschoon (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Titratschoon</a> mit <a href="/w/index.php?title=Titriplex&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Titriplex (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Titriplex</a>/<a href="/w/index.php?title=Komplexon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Komplexon (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Komplexon</a> III mit <a href="/w/index.php?title=Murexid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Murexid (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Murexid</a> as Indikater) bestimmt warrn. In’n <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sporenanalytik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sporenanalytik (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Sporenrebeet</a> gifft dat wieter ok de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Polarographie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polarographie (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Differenzpulspolarographie</a> (Halfstopenpotential -0,62 V gegen <a href="/w/index.php?title=SCE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SCE (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">SCE</a> in 1 M <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhodanid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rhodanid (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Rhodanid</a>-Lösen). Ultrasporen an Kopper künnt mit Held vun de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Voltametrie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Voltametrie (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Inversvoltametrie</a> bestimmt waren<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, mit <a href="/w/index.php?title=Atomspektrometrie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Atomspektrometrie (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Graphitrohr-AAS</a> oder mit <a href="/w/index.php?title=ICP-MS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ICP-MS (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">ICP-MS</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kiek_ok">Kiek ok</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kopper&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Ännere Afsnitt: Kiek ok" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>ännern</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kopper&action=edit&section=11" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Kiek ok"><span>Bornkood ännern</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kopperrecycling&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kopperrecycling (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Kopperrecycling</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Borns">Borns</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kopper&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Ännere Afsnitt: Borns" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>ännern</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kopper&action=edit&section=12" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Borns"><span>Bornkood ännern</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=London_Metal_Exchange&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="London Metal Exchange (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">London Metal Exchange</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lme.co.uk/copper.asp">Copper Grade A</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vfed.de/pdf/DACH_Referenzwerte.pdf">DACH-Referenzwerte für die Nährstoffzufuhr</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-merck-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-merck_3-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-merck_3-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.merck.com/mmhe/sec12/ch155/ch155c.html">http://www.merck.com/mmhe/sec12/ch155/ch155c.html</a> Merck Manual: Copper</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Opnahm an’n Dag vun 0,5 mg/kg ungefährlich luut: Holleman-Wiberg: <i>Lehrbuch der Anorganischen Chemie.</i> 102. Oplaag. de Gruyter, Berlin, 2007, S. 1434.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.uniklinikum-saarland.de/de/aktuelles/pressemitteilungen/2005/07/1121353268">http://www.uniklinikum-saarland.de/de/aktuelles/pressemitteilungen/2005/07/1121353268</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">R. Neeb: <i>Inverse Polarographie und Voltammetrie.</i> Akademie-Verlag, Berlin, 1969, S. 185–188.</span> </li> </ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Weblenken">Weblenken</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kopper&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Ännere Afsnitt: Weblenken" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>ännern</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kopper&action=edit&section=13" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Weblenken"><span>Bornkood ännern</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="interbox"> <div style="display: table-cell; vertical-align: middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bild:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Copper?uselang=nds">Kopper</a></span></b>. Mehr Biller, Videos oder Audiodateien to’t Thema gifft dat bi <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a>. </div></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.seilnacht.tuttlingen.com/Lexikon/29Kupfer.htm">Kopper in’t Seilnacht-Nakieksel</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mineralienatlas.de/phpwiki/index.php/Kupfer">Mineralienatlas – Kopper</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kupfer-institut.de">Düütsch Kopperinstitut (DKI) – ümfaten Fackinformatschonen un Publikatschonen</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.KupfermuseumFischen.de">Koppermuseum in Fischen an’n Ammersee – Kunstwarken ut de Koppersmeed</a></li></ul> <div style="clear:both" class="NavFrame"> <div class="NavHead"><a href="/wiki/Periodensystem" title="Periodensystem">Periodensystem</a> vun de <a href="/wiki/Cheemsch_Element" title="Cheemsch Element">Elementen</a></div> <div class="NavContent"> <table cellpadding="0" style="border-collapse:collapse; font-size:smaller; margin-top:2em; text-align:center; width:100%"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#32cd32"><a href="/wiki/Waterstoff" title="Waterstoff">H</a> </td> <td style="width:93.75%" colspan="30"> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#87cefa"><a href="/wiki/Helium" title="Helium">He</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ff4500"><a href="/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium">Li</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ff8c00"><a href="/wiki/Beryllium" title="Beryllium">Be</a> </td> <td colspan="24"> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#cd853f"><a href="/wiki/Bor" class="mw-disambig" title="Bor">B</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#32cd32"><a href="/wiki/Kohlenstoff" title="Kohlenstoff">C</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#32cd32"><a href="/wiki/Stickstoff" title="Stickstoff">N</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#32cd32"><a href="/wiki/Suerstoff" title="Suerstoff">O</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f0e68c"><a href="/wiki/Fluor" title="Fluor">F</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#87cefa"><a href="/wiki/Neon" title="Neon">Ne</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ff4500"><a href="/wiki/Natrium" title="Natrium">Na</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ff8c00"><a href="/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium">Mg</a> </td> <td colspan="24"> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#a9a9a9"><a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium">Al</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#cd853f"><a href="/wiki/Silizium" title="Silizium">Si</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#32cd32"><a href="/wiki/Phosphor" title="Phosphor">P</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#32cd32"><a href="/wiki/Swevel" title="Swevel">S</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f0e68c"><a href="/wiki/Chlor" title="Chlor">Cl</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#87cefa"><a href="/wiki/Argon" title="Argon">Ar</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ff4500"><a href="/wiki/Kalium" title="Kalium">K</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ff8c00"><a href="/wiki/Calcium" title="Calcium">Ca</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Scandium" title="Scandium">Sc</a> </td> <td colspan="14"> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Titan_(Element)" title="Titan (Element)">Ti</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Vanadium" title="Vanadium">V</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Chrom" title="Chrom">Cr</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Mangan" title="Mangan">Mn</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Eisen" class="mw-disambig" title="Eisen">Fe</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Cobalt" class="mw-disambig" title="Cobalt">Co</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Nickel" class="mw-disambig" title="Nickel">Ni</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kupfer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kupfer (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Cu</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Zink" title="Zink">Zn</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#a9a9a9"><a href="/wiki/Gallium" title="Gallium">Ga</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#cd853f"><a href="/wiki/Germanium" title="Germanium">Ge</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#cd853f"><a href="/wiki/Arsen" title="Arsen">As</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#cd853f"><a href="/wiki/Selen" title="Selen">Se</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f0e68c"><a href="/wiki/Brom" title="Brom">Br</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#87cefa"><a href="/wiki/Krypton" title="Krypton">Kr</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ff4500"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubidium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rubidium (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Rb</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ff8c00"><a href="/wiki/Strontium" title="Strontium">Sr</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Yttrium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yttrium (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Y</a> </td> <td colspan="14"> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zirconium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zirconium (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Zr</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Niob&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Niob (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Nb</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Molybd%C3%A4n&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Molybdän (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Mo</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Technetium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Technetium (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Tc</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruthenium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ruthenium (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Ru</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhodium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rhodium (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Rh</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Palladium" title="Palladium">Pd</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BClver" title="Sülver">Ag</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Cadmium" title="Cadmium">Cd</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#a9a9a9"><a href="/wiki/Indium" title="Indium">In</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#a9a9a9"><a href="/wiki/Tinn" title="Tinn">Sn</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#cd853f"><a href="/wiki/Antimon" title="Antimon">Sb</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#cd853f"><a href="/wiki/Tellur" title="Tellur">Te</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f0e68c"><a href="/wiki/Iod" class="mw-redirect" title="Iod">I</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#87cefa"><a href="/wiki/Xenon" title="Xenon">Xe</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ff4500"><a href="/wiki/Caesium" class="mw-redirect" title="Caesium">Cs</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ff8c00"><a href="/wiki/Barium" title="Barium">Ba</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lanthan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lanthan (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">La</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dda0dd"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cer (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Ce</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dda0dd"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Praseodym&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Praseodym (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Pr</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dda0dd"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neodym&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neodym (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Nd</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dda0dd"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Promethium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Promethium (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Pm</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dda0dd"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samarium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samarium (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Sm</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dda0dd"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Europium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Europium (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Eu</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dda0dd"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gadolinium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gadolinium (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Gd</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dda0dd"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Terbium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Terbium (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Tb</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dda0dd"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dysprosium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dysprosium (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Dy</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dda0dd"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Holmium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Holmium (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Ho</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dda0dd"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erbium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Erbium (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Er</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dda0dd"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thulium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thulium (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Tm</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dda0dd"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ytterbium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ytterbium (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Yb</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dda0dd"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lutetium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lutetium (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Lu</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Hafnium" title="Hafnium">Hf</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tantal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tantal (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Ta</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Wolfram" title="Wolfram">W</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhenium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rhenium (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Re</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Osmium" title="Osmium">Os</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iridium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iridium (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Ir</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Platin" title="Platin">Pt</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Gold" title="Gold">Au</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Quecks%C3%BClver" title="Quecksülver">Hg</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#a9a9a9"><a href="/wiki/Thallium" title="Thallium">Tl</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#a9a9a9"><a href="/wiki/Blie" title="Blie">Pb</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#a9a9a9"><a href="/wiki/Bismut" class="mw-redirect" title="Bismut">Bi</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#a9a9a9"><a href="/wiki/Polonium" title="Polonium">Po</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f0e68c"><a href="/wiki/Astat" title="Astat">At</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#87cefa"><a href="/wiki/Radon" title="Radon">Rn</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ff4500"><a href="/wiki/Francium" title="Francium">Fr</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#ff8c00"><a href="/wiki/Radium" title="Radium">Ra</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Actinium" title="Actinium">Ac</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#da70d6"><a href="/wiki/Thorium" title="Thorium">Th</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#da70d6"><a href="/wiki/Protactinium" title="Protactinium">Pa</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#da70d6"><a href="/wiki/Uran" title="Uran">U</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#da70d6"><a href="/wiki/Neptunium" title="Neptunium">Np</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#da70d6"><a href="/wiki/Plutonium" title="Plutonium">Pu</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#da70d6"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Americium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Americium (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Am</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#da70d6"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Curium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Curium (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Cm</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#da70d6"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Berkelium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Berkelium (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Bk</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#da70d6"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Californium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Californium (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Cf</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#da70d6"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Einsteinium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Einsteinium (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Es</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#da70d6"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fermium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fermium (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Fm</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#da70d6"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mendelevium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mendelevium (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Md</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#da70d6"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nobelium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nobelium (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">No</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#da70d6"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lawrencium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lawrencium (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Lr</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Rutherfordium" title="Rutherfordium">Rf</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Dubnium" title="Dubnium">Db</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seaborgium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seaborgium (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Sg</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bohrium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bohrium (Siet noch nich vörhannen)">Bh</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#f08080"><a href="/wiki/Hassium" title="Hassium">Hs</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dcdcdc"><a href="/wiki/Meitnerium" title="Meitnerium">Mt</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dcdcdc"><a href="/wiki/Darmstadtium" title="Darmstadtium">Ds</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dcdcdc"><a href="/wiki/Roentgenium" title="Roentgenium">Rg</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; border:1px solid #ddd; background:#dcdcdc"><a href="/wiki/Copernicium" title="Copernicium">Cn</a> </td> <td style="width:3.125%; 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