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class="node clear-block node-page ltr ntype-news"> <div class="header"> <h6 class="node-title"> <a href="/web/20110705122409/http://www.hrw.org/es/news/2011/04/15/libyen-streubomben-treffen-misrata" title="Libyen: Streubomben treffen Misrata">Libyen: Streubomben treffen Misrata</a> </h6> </div> <h6 class="node-subtitle">Human Rights Watch wird Zeuge von Angriff in Wohngebiet</h6> <div class="info"> <div class="meta date"> <span class="created">Abril 15, 2011</span> </div> </div> <div class="content clear-block filter-text"> <div class="node-sidebar"><dl><dd><div class="clear-block field field-type-nodereference field-field-related-content"><div class="field-label">Materiales relacionados : </div><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item"><a href="/web/20110705122409/http://www.hrw.org/es/news/2010/11/22/streumunition-vollst-ndiges-verbot-ohne-kompromisse">Streumunition: Vollständiges Verbot ohne Kompromisse</a></div><div class="field-item"><a href="/web/20110705122409/http://www.hrw.org/es/news/2008/05/29/streubombenvertrag-ist-bahnbrechend">Streubombenvertrag ist bahnbrechend </a></div><div class="field-item"><a href="/web/20110705122409/http://www.hrw.org/es/news/2011/02/27/un-sicherheitsrat-verweist-libyen-istgh">UN: Sicherheitsrat verweist Libyen an IStGH</a></div></div></div></dd><dd><div class="clear-block field field-type-link field-field-news-link"><div class="field-label">More Coverage: </div><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110705122409/http://www.hrw.org/en/middle-eastn-africa/libya">Weitere Informationen zu Libyen (auf Englisch)</a></div><div class="field-item"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110705122409/http://www.hrwnews.org/press/libya_cluster.zip">Foto einer von Human Rights Watch inspizierten Submunition</a></div></div></div></dd><dd><div class="pullquote"><div class="clear-block field field-type-text field-field-news-pullquote"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item"><p>„Es ist erschreckend, dass Libyen diese Waffe benutzt, vor allem in Wohngebieten. Sie stellt ein großes Risiko für die Zivilbevölkerung dar. Sowohl während des Angriffs wegen der unkontrollierbaren Wirkung als auch nach der Explosion, weil die Blindgänger immer noch gefährlich und überall verteilt sind.“</p> </div></div></div><div class="clear-block field field-type-text field-field-news-pullquote-author"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item">Steve Goose. Direktor der Abteilung Waffen von Human Rights Watch</div></div></div></div></dd></dl></div> <div class="node-body"><p>(New York, 15. April 2011) – Gaddafi-treue Regierungstruppen haben im westlichen Teil der Stadt Misrata Streubomben in Wohngebiete geschossen, die für viele Zivilisten ein große Gefahr darstellen, so Human Rights Watch heute. </p><p> Human Rights Watch wurde Zeuge, wie in der Nacht des 14. April 2011 mindestens drei Streubomben in el-Shawahda, einem Viertel Misratas, explodierten. Mitarbeiter haben die Reste der Submunition einer Streubombe untersucht und mit Zeugen über zwei andere mutmaßliche Angriffe mit Streubomben gesprochen. </p><p> Aufgrund der Submunition, die von einem New York Times-Reporter entdeckt und dann von Human Rights Watch untersucht wurde, handelt es sich bei der Streumunition um in Spanien produzierte MAT-120 120 mm Mörserprojektile, die sich in der Luft öffnen und insgesamt 21 Submunitionen über eine weite Fläche verteilen. Wenn sie mit einem Objekt in Berührung kommt, setzt jede Submunition kleinste sehr schnelle Fragmente, um Personen zu verletzten, sowie eine Metallkugel frei, die gepanzerten Fahrzeugen durchschlagen kann. </p><p> „Es ist erschreckend, dass Libyen diese Waffe benutzt, vor allem in Wohngebieten“, so Steve Goose. Direktor der Abteilung Waffen von Human Rights Watch. „Sie stellt ein großes Risiko für die Zivilbevölkerung dar. Sowohl während des Angriffs wegen der unkontrollierbaren Wirkung als auch nach der Explosion, weil die Blindgänger immer noch gefährlich und überall verteilt sind.“ </p><p> Die meisten Länder haben durch die Konvention zur Ächtung von Streumunition den Einsatz von Streubomben in umfassender Weise verboten. Im August 2010 wurde das Abkommen bindendes internationales Recht. </p><p> „Libyen muss unbedingt den Gebrauch dieser Waffe stoppen und alle nötigen Schritte unternehmen, um Zivilisten vor den tödlichen Überresten zu schützen, die noch herumliegen.“ </p><p> Das Gebiet, in dem Human Rights Watch den Einsatz von Streubomben bezeugen kann, ist ca. einen Kilometer von der Frontlinie zwischen Rebellen und Regierungskräfte entfernt. Die Submunition landete offenbar ca. 300 Meter neben dem Krankenhaus von Misrata. Human Rights Watch konnte aus Sicherheitsgründen den Ort, der von dem Angriff direkt betroffen war, nicht näher untersuchen. </p><p> Human Rights Watch konnte bis jetzt noch nicht feststellen, ob Menschen durch Streubomben ums Leben gekommen sind. </p><p> Human Rights Watch hat mit zwei Krankenwagenfahrer gesprochen, die sagten, dass Streubomben auch schon vor dem 14. April eingesetzt worden waren. </p><p> Ibrahim Abuwayfa sagte Human Rights Watch, dass er am 13. April um ca. sieben Uhr abends im Al-Gzeer Viertel von Misrata war, auf der Turga Straße, der Küstenstraße, als er eine Explosion in der Luft sah und dann „kleine Flammen“ vom Himmel fielen. „Eines der Objekte landete nur ein paar Meter neben der Mauer eines Wohnhaus, es explodierte, als es aufschlug, und dann flogen Schrapnelle heraus“, so Abuwayfa. Auch habe er von ähnlichen Angriffen in den Stadtteilen Maghdar und Kurzaz gehört. </p><p> Waleed Srayti berichtete, dass er einen Angriff mit Streubomben am 15. April um 11 Uhr morgens gesehen habe. „Ich war auf der Straße hinter dem Gemüsemarkt“, sagte er. „Ein großer Kampf fand zu dieser Zeit in der Tripolisstraße hinter dem Gemüsemarkt statt. Ich hörte Lärm und plötzlich sind neun oder zehn kleine Dinger aus dem Himmel über dem Markt gefallen. Ich habe nur die Lichtschimmer gesehen. Ich sah weißen Rauch, der sich nach unten ausbreitete. Als die Bombe losging, sah ich nichts. Es war wie Tageslicht. Ich habe nichts gehört, als sie losging, aber ich habe die Explosion an der Spitze des Bogens gehört.“ </p><p> Streubomben können von Mörsern oder Artillerie abgefeuert werden oder sie werden aus Flugzeugen abgeworfen. Sie explodieren in der Luft und verteilen dabei Dutzende, sogar Hunderte Submunitionen oder „Bomblets“ über eine Fläche so groß wie ein Fußballfeld. Diese Bomblets explodieren oftmals nicht sofort, wodurch Blindgänger entstehen, die dann wie Minen funktionieren. </p><p> Gemäß den Markierungen der Submunition, die in Misrata gefunden wurde, hat Libyen MAT-120 Streubomben benutzt. Diese beinhalten 21 Bomblets, die zwei unterschiedliche Funktionen haben und mit einem Selbstzerstörungsmechanismus ausgerüstet sind. Zum einen können sie sowohl gegen Menschen als auch gegen Objekte eingesetzt werden. </p><p> Beim Aufschlagen auf ein Objekt setzt der Stahlkörper der MAT-120 Submunition zahlreiche Fragmente frei, die mit höchster Geschwindigkeit Menschen verletzten können. Zudem wird eine Metallkugel freigesetzt, die nach einem sich in der Submunition befindenden Kupferzylinder geformt ist und die Wände von gepanzerten Fahrzeugen durchschlagen kann. </p><p> Die MAT-120 Streubomben, die in Misrata eingesetzt wurden, sind von Instalaza SA in Spanien produziert worden. Die Markierungen auf den Überresten der Submunition, die von Human Rights Watch untersucht wurden, lassen darauf schließen, dass sie 2007 produziert worden waren. </p><p> Ende 2008 hat Spanien seine Vorräte von 1852 MAT-120 Mörserprojektilen zerstört. Diese beinhalteten 38 892 Submunitionen. Spanien hat die Konvention zu Ächtung von Streubomben am 3. Dezember 2008 unterschrieben und am 17. Juni 2009 ratifiziert. </p><p> Libyen hat diese Konvention nicht unterschrieben. Es ist nicht bekannt, wie der momentane Status der Streumunition in Libyen ist und welche Art von Streubomben in dem Land lagern. Libyen hat Streumunition, wahrscheinlich RBK-Bomben sowjetisch-russischer Herkunft, im Konflikt im Tschad in den 1980ern eingesetzt. </p><p> Das Abkommen zur Ächtung von Streubomben verbietet die Nutzung, die Produktion, die Lagerung und den Handel mit Streumunition. Es verlangt von Staaten, ihre Vorräte zu zerstören, betroffene Landstriche von Blindgängern zu säubern und Opfern und betroffenen Gemeinden zu helfen. Von den 108 Ländern, die die Konvention seit Dezember 2008 unterschrieben haben, haben 56 Länder das Abkommen bereits ratifiziert. </p><p> Libyens Einsatz von Streubomben in Misrata ist der zweite bekannte Vorfall, dass diese Waffenart verwendet wurde, seit das Abkommen am 1. August 2010 in Kraft getreten ist. Anfang des Monats, am 6. April 2011 hat die Cluster Munition Coalition festgestellt, dass Thailand während des Grenzkonflikts im Februar 2011 Streubomben auf kambodschanischem Gebiet eingesetzt hat. </p></div><div class="node-translations"><span class="label">También disponible en </span><ul class="links"><li class="first 0"><a href="/web/20110705122409/http://www.hrw.org/es/news/2011/04/15/libya-cluster-munitions-strike-misrata" class="0">English</a></li> <li class="1"><a href="/web/20110705122409/http://www.hrw.org/es/news/2011/04/15/libye-tirs-de-bombes-sous-munitions-contre-misrata" class="1">Français</a></li> <li class="2"><a href="/web/20110705122409/http://www.hrw.org/es/news/2011/04/15/libia-municiones-en-racimo-hacen-impacto-en-misrata" class="2">Español</a></li> <li class="3"><a href="/web/20110705122409/http://www.hrw.org/es/news/2011/04/15-3" class="3">日本語</a></li> <li class="last 4"><a href="/web/20110705122409/http://www.hrw.org/es/news/2011/04/15-4" class="4">العربية</a></li> </ul></div><div 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