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<span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.1</span> <span>Jazz</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jazz-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.2</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Community_resources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Community_resources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Community resources</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Community_resources-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Community resources subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Community_resources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Diversity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Diversity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Diversity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Diversity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2010_census" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2010_census"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>2010 census</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2010_census-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Public_transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Public transportation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Gallery subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-1950s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1950s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>1950s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1950s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Contemporary_images" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Contemporary_images"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Contemporary images</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Contemporary_images-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">South End, Boston</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 6 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-6" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">6 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_End_(lungsod)" title="South End (lungsod) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="South End (lungsod)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_End_(Boston)" title="South End (Boston) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="South End (Boston)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%8C_%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86" title="ساوت اند، بوستون – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ساوت اند، بوستون" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_End_(Boston)" title="South End (Boston) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="South End (Boston)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_End" title="South End – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="South End" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E7%AB%AF" title="南端 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="南端" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2304457#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div 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class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=South_End%2C_Boston&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_End,_Boston&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:South_End,_Boston" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikivoyage badge-Q17559452 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class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=South_End,_Boston&params=42_20_37.86_N_71_4_18.71_W_type:landmark&title=South+End%2C+Boston"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">42°20′37.86″N</span> <span class="longitude">71°4′18.71″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">42.3438500°N 71.0718639°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">42.3438500; -71.0718639</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">South End, Boston</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/South_Boston" title="South Boston">South Boston</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">United States historic place</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="border-spacing:1px;"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="padding:0; border:none;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="width:100%; font-size:110%; font-weight:bold;color: #202122; background: #A8EDEF; line-height:1.5">South End District</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="width:100%; text-align:center; line-height:1.5;color: #202122; background: #A8EDEF;"><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="National Register of Historic Places">U.S. National Register of Historic Places</a></div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Union_Park4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Union_Park4.jpg/250px-Union_Park4.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Union_Park4.jpg/375px-Union_Park4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Union_Park4.jpg/500px-Union_Park4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="1728" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od 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style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_Boston_and_Cambridge.png" class="mw-file-description" title="South End, Boston is located in Boston"><img alt="South End, Boston is located in Boston" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Map_of_Boston_and_Cambridge.png/250px-Map_of_Boston_and_Cambridge.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Map_of_Boston_and_Cambridge.png/375px-Map_of_Boston_and_Cambridge.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Map_of_Boston_and_Cambridge.png/500px-Map_of_Boston_and_Cambridge.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:71.788%;left:50.498%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" 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typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:USA_Massachusetts_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="South End, Boston is located in Massachusetts"><img alt="South End, Boston is located in Massachusetts" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/USA_Massachusetts_location_map.svg/250px-USA_Massachusetts_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/USA_Massachusetts_location_map.svg/375px-USA_Massachusetts_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/USA_Massachusetts_location_map.svg/500px-USA_Massachusetts_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="717" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:36.007%;left:65.703%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="South End, Boston"><img alt="South End, Boston" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location in <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Massachusetts</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Usa_edcp_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="South End, Boston is located in the United States"><img alt="South End, Boston is located in the United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Usa_edcp_location_map.svg/250px-Usa_edcp_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Usa_edcp_location_map.svg/375px-Usa_edcp_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Usa_edcp_location_map.svg/500px-Usa_edcp_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1181" data-file-height="731" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:28.165%;left:89.455%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="South End, Boston"><img alt="South End, Boston" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location in United States</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of the United States</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:bold; border: 0;">Location</th><td class="infobox-data" style="border: 0;"><a href="/wiki/Boston,_Massachusetts" class="mw-redirect" title="Boston, Massachusetts">Boston, Massachusetts</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:bold; border: 0;">Architect</th><td class="infobox-data" style="border: 0;">Multiple</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:bold; border: 0;">Architectural style</th><td class="infobox-data" style="border: 0;"><a href="/wiki/Greek_Revival_architecture" title="Greek Revival architecture">Greek Revival</a>, <a href="/wiki/Victorian_architecture" title="Victorian architecture">Late Victorian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italianate_architecture" title="Italianate architecture">Italianate</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:bold; border: 0;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data" style="border: 0;"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.south-end-boston.com">www<wbr />.south-end-boston<wbr />.com</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:bold; border: 0;">NRHP reference <abbr title="number">No.</abbr></th><td class="infobox-data" style="border: 0;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://npgallery.nps.gov/AssetDetail/NRIS/73000324">73000324</a><sup id="cite_ref-nris_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nris-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:bold; border: 0;">Added to NRHP</th><td class="infobox-data" style="border: 0;">May 8, 1973</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>South End</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Neighborhoods_in_Boston" title="Neighborhoods in Boston">neighborhood</a> in <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a>, <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a>, United States which is bordered by <a href="/wiki/Back_Bay" class="mw-redirect" title="Back Bay">Back Bay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chinatown,_Boston" title="Chinatown, Boston">Chinatown</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Roxbury,_Boston" title="Roxbury, Boston">Roxbury</a>. It is distinguished from other neighborhoods by its <a href="/wiki/Victorian_architecture" title="Victorian architecture">Victorian-style</a> houses and the parks in and around the area. The South End is the largest intact Victorian row-house district in the country, covering over 300 acres (120 ha).<sup id="cite_ref-St._Botolph_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-St._Botolph-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has eleven residential parks. In 1973, the South End was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.<sup id="cite_ref-St._Botolph_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-St._Botolph-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Much of the neighborhood was originally marshlands in Boston's South Bay. After it was filled in, construction began on January 7, 1849. </p><p>It is home to diverse groups, including immigrants, young families and professionals, and it is popular with Boston's gay and lesbian community.<sup id="cite_ref-South_End_at_a_Glance_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-South_End_at_a_Glance-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The South End has been characterized by diversity since the 1880s, with substantial Irish, Jewish, African-American, Puerto Rican (in the San Juan Street area), Chinese, Italian, and Greek populations. Its 2010 population was 55.2 percent white, 13.3 percent Hispanic, 12.5 percent Black, 16.2 percent Asian, and 2.7 percent "other". 55.2 percent of South End residents had a bachelor's degree or higher; median household income was $57,699, and the median age was 36. 65.6 percent were primarily English speakers, and 12.9 percent primarily spoke Spanish.<sup id="cite_ref-Demographics_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Demographics-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geographic_history"><span class="anchor" id="Geographical_history"></span>Geographic history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_End,_Boston&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Geographic history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2011_BostonMA_6367624621.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Aerial view of a residential neighborhood with a large building" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/2011_BostonMA_6367624621.jpg/260px-2011_BostonMA_6367624621.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/2011_BostonMA_6367624621.jpg/390px-2011_BostonMA_6367624621.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/2011_BostonMA_6367624621.jpg/520px-2011_BostonMA_6367624621.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="681" /></a><figcaption>Aerial view of the South End</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BostonNeck.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Old map of the Boston Neck" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/BostonNeck.jpg/260px-BostonNeck.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/BostonNeck.jpg/390px-BostonNeck.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/BostonNeck.jpg/520px-BostonNeck.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="616" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Boston_Neck" title="Boston Neck">Boston Neck</a> carried present-day Washington Street, formerly flanked by tidal marshes.</figcaption></figure> <p>The South End is south of the <a href="/wiki/Back_Bay,_Boston" title="Back Bay, Boston">Back Bay</a>, northwest of <a href="/wiki/South_Boston" title="South Boston">South Boston</a>, northeast of <a href="/wiki/Roxbury,_Massachusetts" class="mw-redirect" title="Roxbury, Massachusetts">Roxbury</a>, north of <a href="/wiki/Dorchester,_Massachusetts" class="mw-redirect" title="Dorchester, Massachusetts">Dorchester</a>, and southwest of <a href="/wiki/Bay_Village,_Boston" title="Bay Village, Boston">Bay Village</a>. Despite the name, it is not directly south of downtown Boston. </p><p>Land belonging to the South End has been part of the city of Boston since its founding, although it was smaller when first settled and surrounded by large <a href="/wiki/Mudflat" title="Mudflat">tidal flats</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-National_Geographic_News-2017_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-National_Geographic_News-2017-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The neighborhood was expanded and developed by filling in the marshlands, part of a larger project of filling Boston's Back Bay and <a href="/wiki/South_Bay,_Boston,_Massachusetts" class="mw-redirect" title="South Bay, Boston, Massachusetts">South Bay</a> between the 1830s and the 1870s.<sup id="cite_ref-National_Geographic_News-2017_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-National_Geographic_News-2017-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fill was brought in by train as gravel quarried in <a href="/wiki/Needham,_Massachusetts" title="Needham, Massachusetts">Needham</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-National_Geographic_News-2017_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-National_Geographic_News-2017-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nineteenth-century technology did not allow driving steel <a href="/wiki/Deep_foundation" title="Deep foundation">piles</a> into <a href="/wiki/Bedrock" title="Bedrock">bedrock</a>, and a system of submerged timbers provided an understructure for most South End buildings.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Taylor-2020_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Taylor-2020-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Groundwater levels in Boston had been dropping for years by 2006, damaging some wood pilings by exposing them to air.<sup id="cite_ref-Taylor-2020_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Taylor-2020-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A series of <a href="/wiki/Monitoring_well" class="mw-redirect" title="Monitoring well">monitoring wells</a> have been drilled; the water level is checked by the Boston Groundwater Trust,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and can be raised by introducing water.<sup id="cite_ref-Taylor-2020_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Taylor-2020-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The South End was bordered on the north and west by the <a href="/wiki/Boston_and_Providence_Railroad" title="Boston and Providence Railroad">Boston and Providence Railroad</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which terminated at the B&PRR station bordering the Public Garden. The rail line is now covered by <a href="/wiki/Southwest_Corridor_Park" title="Southwest Corridor Park">Southwest Corridor Park</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The primary business thoroughfares in the South End are <a href="/wiki/Columbus_Avenue_(Boston)" title="Columbus Avenue (Boston)">Columbus Avenue</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tremont_Street" title="Tremont Street">Tremont Street</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Washington_Street_(Boston)" title="Washington Street (Boston)">Washington Street</a>. Washington Street, the original causeway that connected Roxbury to Boston, experienced reinvestment during the 1990s. The street was once defined by the <a href="/wiki/Washington_Street_Elevated" title="Washington Street Elevated">Washington Street Elevated</a>, an elevated train that was moved below Southwest Corridor Park in the 1980s.<sup id="cite_ref-Doyle-2012_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Doyle-2012-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Part of the <a href="/wiki/Silver_Line_(MBTA)" title="Silver Line (MBTA)">Silver Line</a>, Boston's first <a href="/wiki/Bus_rapid_transit" title="Bus rapid transit">bus rapid transit</a> line, runs along Washington Street.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/MBTA" class="mw-redirect" title="MBTA">MBTA</a> <a href="/wiki/Orange_Line_(MBTA)" title="Orange Line (MBTA)">Orange Line</a> rapid-transit train runs along the partially-covered <a href="/wiki/Southwest_Corridor_(Boston)" class="mw-redirect" title="Southwest Corridor (Boston)">Southwest Corridor</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Doyle-2012_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Doyle-2012-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Subdistricts">Subdistricts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_End,_Boston&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Subdistricts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Boston_Redevelopment_Authority" class="mw-redirect" title="Boston Redevelopment Authority">Boston Redevelopment Authority</a> identified several subdistricts in the neighborhood's southeast portion:<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SoWa" title="SoWa">SoWa</a> (South of Washington), roughly between Albany to Washington and East Berkeley to <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Avenue_(Boston)" class="mw-redirect" title="Massachusetts Avenue (Boston)">Massachusetts Avenue</a></li> <li>New York Streets, between Herald, East Berkeley, Albany, and Tremont Streets</li> <li>Back Streets, roughly between I-93, Harrison, East Brookline, and East Berkeley Streets</li> <li>Medical area, roughly between the highway, Massachusetts Avenue, Franklin Square, and East Brookline Street</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Parks">Parks</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_End,_Boston&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Parks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The South End has eleven <a href="/wiki/Urban_park" title="Urban park">residential parks</a>, varying in size and inspired by English-style residential squares first laid out downtown by <a href="/wiki/Charles_Bulfinch" title="Charles Bulfinch">Charles Bulfinch</a>. The neighborhood also has newer parks, including Peters Park, and a series of sixteen community gardens and pocket parks operated by <a href="/wiki/The_Trustees_of_Reservations" title="The Trustees of Reservations">the Trustees of Reservations</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_End,_Boston&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Residential_history">Residential history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_End,_Boston&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Residential history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Alexandra_Hotel,_Boston,_MA,_1899.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Front of a five-story building" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Alexandra_Hotel%2C_Boston%2C_MA%2C_1899.jpg/220px-Alexandra_Hotel%2C_Boston%2C_MA%2C_1899.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="283" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Alexandra_Hotel%2C_Boston%2C_MA%2C_1899.jpg/330px-Alexandra_Hotel%2C_Boston%2C_MA%2C_1899.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Alexandra_Hotel%2C_Boston%2C_MA%2C_1899.jpg/440px-Alexandra_Hotel%2C_Boston%2C_MA%2C_1899.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="2467" /></a><figcaption>The Alexandra Hotel in 1899</figcaption></figure> <p>As the South End expanded with fill north and west of "the Neck", Boston envisioned a large inner-city residential neighborhood to relieve the crowded downtown and Beacon Hill neighborhoods and hoped for a large, stable tax base. Architect <a href="/wiki/Charles_Bulfinch" title="Charles Bulfinch">Charles Bulfinch</a> laid out some of the first filled land.<sup id="cite_ref-Goodman-2003_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Goodman-2003-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He designed a large residential park called Columbia Square<sup id="cite_ref-Goodman-2003_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Goodman-2003-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> located at the present <a href="/wiki/Franklin_and_Blackstone_Squares" title="Franklin and Blackstone Squares">Franklin and Blackstone Squares</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bulfinch's plan was to route traffic around the square. His plan was abandoned, and Washington Street was allowed to again divide the square (creating separate squares).<sup id="cite_ref-Goodman-2003_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Goodman-2003-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many rooming houses on the Back Bay side of the South End had no bathing facilities, and roomers bathed in public showers. Filled land in the neighborhood was originally eight feet above sea level, but has settled to four feet. The original shoreline of Boston Neck crosses in front of 40 St. George Street, and tapers to the narrowest point of the Neck at East Berkeley St. (formerly Dover Street). Blackstone and Franklin Square is solid land on the original neck, but clam and snail shells are just beneath its surface because high seas would occasionally overrun the Neck. </p><p>Middle-class people moved to the South End, including business owners, two mayors, bankers, and industrialists, but the neighborhood's wealthy status was relatively short-lived. A series of national <a href="/wiki/Financial_panic" class="mw-redirect" title="Financial panic">financial panics</a> such as the <a href="/wiki/Panic_of_1884" title="Panic of 1884">Panic of 1884</a>, combined with new residential housing in Back Bay and <a href="/wiki/Roxbury,_Boston" title="Roxbury, Boston">Roxbury</a>, fed a steady decline of whites of <a href="/wiki/English_Protestant" class="mw-redirect" title="English Protestant">English Protestant</a> ancestry. </p><p>By the close of the nineteenth century, the South End was becoming a <a href="/wiki/Tenement" title="Tenement">tenement</a> district; it attracted immigrants and, during the 1940s, <a href="/wiki/Gay" title="Gay">gay</a> men. The neighborhood also became a center of <a href="/wiki/Black_people" title="Black people">Black</a> middle-class Boston life and culture. The largest concentration of <a href="/wiki/Pullman_porter" title="Pullman porter">Pullman porters</a> in the country lived in the South End, primarily between Columbus Avenue and the railroad. </p><p>The first <a href="/wiki/Settlement_house" class="mw-redirect" title="Settlement house">settlement houses</a> in Boston were in the South End: the South End House, Haley House, Lincoln House, the Harriet Tubman House, and the Children's Art Centre. In 1960, these settlement houses merged to form <a href="/wiki/United_South_End_Settlements" title="United South End Settlements">United South End Settlements</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Urban_renewal">Urban renewal</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_End,_Boston&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Urban renewal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:UnionPark_Shawmut.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Five-story, red-brick corner building" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/UnionPark_Shawmut.jpg/220px-UnionPark_Shawmut.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/UnionPark_Shawmut.jpg/330px-UnionPark_Shawmut.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/UnionPark_Shawmut.jpg/440px-UnionPark_Shawmut.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1728" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Union Park Street and Shawmut Avenue</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2010_ColumbusAve_Boston.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Four-lane street in winter, with few trees" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/2010_ColumbusAve_Boston.jpg/220px-2010_ColumbusAve_Boston.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/2010_ColumbusAve_Boston.jpg/330px-2010_ColumbusAve_Boston.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/2010_ColumbusAve_Boston.jpg/440px-2010_ColumbusAve_Boston.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Columbus_Avenue_(Boston)" title="Columbus Avenue (Boston)">Columbus Avenue</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The South End was one of many large-scale Boston landfill projects to create new residential districts.<sup id="cite_ref-St._Botolph_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-St._Botolph-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Construction began in 1849, on tidal marshes that surrounded Boston Neck.<sup id="cite_ref-St._Botolph_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-St._Botolph-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The street plan for the South End was patterned on 18th-century English models, with blocks of townhouses overlooking small parks in the centers of residential streets.<sup id="cite_ref-St._Botolph_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-St._Botolph-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The parks were built to make the neighborhood feel more like a community.<sup id="cite_ref-St._Botolph_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-St._Botolph-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Townhouses quickly became the predominant form of housing, and builders produced blocks of houses for middle-class families.<sup id="cite_ref-St._Botolph_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-St._Botolph-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The townhouses were built from 1850 to 1880, typically in a mix of architectural styles.<sup id="cite_ref-St._Botolph_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-St._Botolph-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The South End became a popular hospital district; the first was <a href="/wiki/Boston_City_Hospital" title="Boston City Hospital">Boston City Hospital</a>, which attracted other hospitals to the area.<sup id="cite_ref-St._Botolph_2-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-St._Botolph-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One was the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Homeopathic_Hospital" title="Massachusetts Homeopathic Hospital">Massachusetts Homeopathic Hospital</a>, built in 1875.<sup id="cite_ref-St._Botolph_2-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-St._Botolph-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The hospital used fresh-air cures and home remedies on patients, and surgical cases were sent to the <a href="/wiki/Boston_University_School_of_Medicine" title="Boston University School of Medicine">Boston University School of Medicine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-St._Botolph_2-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-St._Botolph-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The medical school came to the South End in 1874 with the New England Female College, the first college in the region to accept women.<sup id="cite_ref-St._Botolph_2-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-St._Botolph-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the late 19th century, the South End was becoming increasingly populated by African Americans from the South.<sup id="cite_ref-St._Botolph_2-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-St._Botolph-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although City Hospital admitted Black patients, they were not allowed in their training programs or hired as professionals.<sup id="cite_ref-St._Botolph_2-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-St._Botolph-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cornelius Garland, a Black physician from Alabama, opened Plymouth Hospital and Nurse's Training School by 1908.<sup id="cite_ref-St._Botolph_2-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-St._Botolph-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1929, Plymouth Hospital was closed because City Hospital had begun to accept people of color into its medical and nursing programs.<sup id="cite_ref-St._Botolph_2-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-St._Botolph-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The connection of Boston and <a href="/wiki/Albany,_New_York" title="Albany, New York">Albany</a> by railroad (by some of the various companies that would later merge into the <a href="/wiki/Boston_and_Albany_Railroad" title="Boston and Albany Railroad">Boston and Albany Railroad</a>) was celebrated in 1841 as a way to keep Boston competitive with New York City as an Atlantic port. The New York Streets district, a residential area of the South End whose streets were named after cities on the route to Albany, arose south of the Boston and Worcester Railroad (the present-day Massachusetts Turnpike) over the next decade. Albany Street still exists, although it now ends at the turnpike instead of Kneeland; connecting it with Harrison Street from north to south were Seneca, Oneida, Oswego, Genesee, Rochester and Troy Streets. Troy is the present-day Traveler Street.<sup id="cite_ref-Marstall_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marstall-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nearly all the buildings in New York Streets began to be bulldozed in 1955 as part of an <a href="/wiki/Urban_renewal" title="Urban renewal">urban renewal</a> project to clear slums and make room for industrial activity during a period characterized by urban decline. The resulting <a href="/wiki/City_block#Superblock" title="City block">superblock</a> was redeveloped into the headquarters of the <i><a href="/wiki/Boston_Herald" title="Boston Herald">Boston Herald</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Marstall_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marstall-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Herald-Traveler Corporation extended from the new Herald Street to Traveler Street until 2012, when it moved to the <a href="/wiki/Seaport_District" title="Seaport District">Seaport District</a> in <a href="/wiki/South_Boston" title="South Boston">South Boston</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was redeveloped as a mixed-use area known as the Ink Block, with apartments, a grocery store, restaurants, and other retail businesses.<sup id="cite_ref-Marstall_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marstall-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other populated sites in the South End received similar treatment, particularly the early high-rise, high-density Cathedral Housing Projects adjacent to <a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_the_Holy_Cross_(Boston)" title="Cathedral of the Holy Cross (Boston)">Holy Cross Cathedral</a> and high- and low-rise redevelopments such as Castle Square, from 1964 to 1966.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The South End is residential and commercial. Since it is near access to railroads and port facilities, it attracted a number of manufacturers.<sup id="cite_ref-St._Botolph_2-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-St._Botolph-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Albany Street, along the Roxbury Canal, became occupied by warehouses and factories and was the center of Boston's furniture and piano-making industry by the 19th century.<sup id="cite_ref-St._Botolph_2-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-St._Botolph-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The South End has new developments that will add residential and commercial space. According to the Boston Redevelopment Authority (BRA), a new project will be built on Albany Street which will "include two hotels: a 16-story select service hotel, which will have a restaurant on its first floor; and a 9-story extended-stay hotel. The hotels together will have approximately 408 rooms. While the split between the two types of hotels has not been finally determined, current plans anticipate approximately 210 rooms in the select service hotel and approximately 198 rooms in the extended-stay hotel. The select-service hotel will include an approximately 4,000 square-foot (approximately 267-seat) restaurant on its first floor. A 3-level, above-ground parking garage with approximately 137 parking spaces will serve both hotels."<sup id="cite_ref-Development_of_new_project_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Development_of_new_project-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The project was expected to provide about 200 new jobs for construction workers and "employ approximately 200 employees (full-time equivalents) in management, operations, customer service, retail, and food service functions."<sup id="cite_ref-Development_of_new_project_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Development_of_new_project-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Jazz"><span class="anchor" id="Jazz_mecca"></span>Jazz</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_End,_Boston&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Jazz"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2011_SouthEnd_Boston_5576671995.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Crowded, narrow residential street" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/2011_SouthEnd_Boston_5576671995.jpg/240px-2011_SouthEnd_Boston_5576671995.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/2011_SouthEnd_Boston_5576671995.jpg/360px-2011_SouthEnd_Boston_5576671995.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/2011_SouthEnd_Boston_5576671995.jpg/480px-2011_SouthEnd_Boston_5576671995.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2208" data-file-height="1701" /></a><figcaption>Braddock Park</figcaption></figure> <p>Until the 1950s, the South End and nearby Roxbury was a <a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">jazz</a> mecca with clubs such as the Royal Palms, Eddie Levine's, the Pioneer Club, Handy's Grille, Tic-Toc, Connolly's, Estelle's, the Hi-Hat, The Savoy, The Cave, Basin Street, Louie's Lounge, and <a href="/wiki/Wally%27s_Cafe" title="Wally's Cafe">Wally's Paradise</a>; Wally's is the only club still in operation. The <a href="/wiki/American_Federation_of_Musicians" title="American Federation of Musicians">American Federation of Musicians</a> Local 535 was the top black musicians' union in the country from 1915 to 1970, with local and national musicians including <a href="/wiki/Duke_Ellington" title="Duke Ellington">Duke Ellington</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cab_Calloway" title="Cab Calloway">Cab Calloway</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chick_Webb" title="Chick Webb">Chick Webb</a>, <a href="/wiki/Earl_Hines" title="Earl Hines">Earl Hines</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jimmie_Lunceford" title="Jimmie Lunceford">Jimmie Lunceford</a>. Its offices were originally above <a href="/wiki/Charlie%27s_Sandwich_Shoppe" title="Charlie's Sandwich Shoppe">Charlie's Sandwich Shoppe</a> (whose walls are lined with photographs of jazz musicians who ate there), but moved to 409 Massachusetts Avenue around 1930. Local 535 and Local 9 (the white union) were ordered by the courts to merge into Boston Musicians Association Local 9-535 in 1970, and most of the Black musicians left.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Education">Education</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_End,_Boston&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Boston_University_Medical_Center_01.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Large, modern red-brick hospital" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Boston_University_Medical_Center_01.JPG/240px-Boston_University_Medical_Center_01.JPG" decoding="async" width="240" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Boston_University_Medical_Center_01.JPG/360px-Boston_University_Medical_Center_01.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Boston_University_Medical_Center_01.JPG/480px-Boston_University_Medical_Center_01.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Boston_University_Medical_Campus" title="Boston University Medical Campus">Boston University Medical Campus</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The South End has five primary and secondary schools, providing education from kindergarten through grade 12 as part of <a href="/wiki/Boston_Public_Schools" title="Boston Public Schools">Boston Public Schools</a>. The McKinley South End Academy is four schools, a special-education school that focuses on behavioral, emotional and learning needs.<sup id="cite_ref-Education_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Education-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Josiah Quincy Upper School teaches grades six to 12, balancing core-subject requirements with world languages, the arts and physical education.<sup id="cite_ref-Education_2_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Education_2-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Blackstone Elementary School has over 500 students from diverse backgrounds from pre-kindergarten to grade five.<sup id="cite_ref-Blackstone_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blackstone-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Benjamin Franklin Institute of Technology, established in 1908, is a four-year South End school for students desiring a technical degree. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Community_resources">Community resources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_End,_Boston&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Community resources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The South End is served by three public libraries, and the South End Branch has a diverse collection of popular and scholarly materials for adults and children.<sup id="cite_ref-The_South_End_Branch_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_South_End_Branch-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has local-history documents, DVDs, CDs and audiobooks for adults, and recurring programs for children.<sup id="cite_ref-The_South_End_Branch_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_South_End_Branch-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Programs for adults include monthly book-discussion groups and a weekly English conversation class.<sup id="cite_ref-The_South_End_Branch_29-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_South_End_Branch-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Blackstone Community Center, on West Brookline Street, is one of 35 community centers for youth and families and the only one serving the South End and lower Roxbury.<sup id="cite_ref-Blackstone_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blackstone-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Blackstone's mission is to enhance the quality of life for Boston residents by "supporting children, youth, and families through a wide range of programs and services",<sup id="cite_ref-Blackstone_28-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blackstone-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and it has a number of programs for children and adults.<sup id="cite_ref-Blackstone_28-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blackstone-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two major hospitals in the South End are <a href="/wiki/Boston_Medical_Center" title="Boston Medical Center">Boston Medical Center</a> and <a href="/wiki/Boston_University_School_of_Medicine" title="Boston University School of Medicine">Boston University School of Medicine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-South_End_at_a_Glance_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-South_End_at_a_Glance-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The South End Community Health Center, a board-governed non-profit "comprehensive, health care organization for all residents of the South End and the surrounding communities", is "committed to providing the highest quality, culturally and linguistically sensitive, coordinated health care and social services to every patient, regardless of their ability to pay".<sup id="cite_ref-Community_Health_Center_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Community_Health_Center-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Services include adult medicine, behavioral health, dental care and nutrition to name a few.<sup id="cite_ref-Community_Health_Center_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Community_Health_Center-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other community organizations include South End Baseball, Youth Enrichment Services, the <a href="/wiki/South_End_Lower_Roxbury_Open_Space_Land_Trust" title="South End Lower Roxbury Open Space Land Trust">South End Lower Roxbury Open Space Land Trust</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mytown" title="Mytown">Mytown</a> (an organization training youth to lead walking tours on neighborhood and Boston history), the <a href="/wiki/South_End_Historical_Society" title="South End Historical Society">South End Historical Society</a>, Inquilinos Boricuas en Accion, and United South End Settlements. The Animal Rescue League of Boston, founded in 1899 by Anna Harris Smith, is at 10 Chandler Street. The league has an animal shelter, an animal-cruelty investigation and prosecution law-enforcement department, a rescue department, an animal-behavior department and Boston Veterinary Care, an outpatient veterinary facility. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Diversity">Diversity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_End,_Boston&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Diversity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CCHolyCross.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Exterior of a large, tan-colored church" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/CCHolyCross.JPG/220px-CCHolyCross.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="295" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/CCHolyCross.JPG/330px-CCHolyCross.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/CCHolyCross.JPG/440px-CCHolyCross.JPG 2x" data-file-width="537" data-file-height="720" /></a><figcaption>Holy Cross Cathedral</figcaption></figure> <p>The South End's population has been diverse since the 1880s when <a href="/wiki/Irish_people" title="Irish people">Irish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Lebanon" title="Demographics of Lebanon">Lebanese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jew" class="mw-redirect" title="Jew">Jewish</a>, <a href="/wiki/African-American" class="mw-redirect" title="African-American">African-American</a>, <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Ricans" title="Puerto Ricans">Puerto rican</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italians" title="Italians">Italian</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Greeks" title="Greeks">Greek</a> people began to settle in the neighborhood. A number of immigrants from <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Maritime_provinces" class="mw-redirect" title="Maritime provinces">maritime provinces</a> found economic opportunity in Boston, and homes in the South End, during the 1930s. </p><p>In the 1940s, particularly after the end of World War II, the South End's rooming houses became home to a growing number of gays and lesbians; single-sex rooming houses provided a home and social cover for LGBT people. Late in the decade, the Hispanic population began to grow; at first, much of this settlement was centered around the <a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_the_Holy_Cross_(Boston)" title="Cathedral of the Holy Cross (Boston)">Cathedral of the Holy Cross</a>. The neighborhood remains diverse, with people of nearly every race, religion, and sexual orientation.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Income levels are anecdotally reported as stratified, with concentrations of wealth and poverty, but neither the U.S. census or the city of Boston reports the neighborhood's income. Although <a href="/wiki/Gentrification" title="Gentrification">gentrification</a> is sometimes cited as a reason for the flight of poorer, non-white residents, the neighborhood has maintained racial and income diversity due to its subsidized, publicly owned, or otherwise low-income housing units and a homeless shelter. Subsidized, below-market-rate housing developments such as Methunion Manor, Cathedral Housing (a <a href="/wiki/Public_housing" title="Public housing">public housing</a> project), Villa Victoria, Tent City, Lenox Street Apartments, Camden, Camfield Gardens, 1850 Washington St, and Mandela Homes and represent evolving attitudes to public-housing design and governance. </p><p>Although all neighborhoods in Boston experience crime, the city has a comparatively low incidence of <a href="/wiki/Street_crime" title="Street crime">street crime</a>. Some parts of the South End are known for street crime, and others are <a href="/wiki/Family_friendly" class="mw-redirect" title="Family friendly">family friendly</a>. The neighborhood has more public <a href="/wiki/Playgrounds" class="mw-redirect" title="Playgrounds">playgrounds</a> per square foot than other Boston neighborhoods. The South End is known as an increasingly <a href="/wiki/Upper_middle_class" title="Upper middle class">upper middle class</a> neighborhood, although it is still home to many lower income residents. Some long-time residents are being pushed out by rising rents and property taxes. </p><p>The South End has been known as a <a href="/wiki/Gay" title="Gay">gay</a>, artistic, and cultural neighborhood, although costs in the neighborhood are rising. Unlike cities such as <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York</a> and <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a>, there are no city policies to help artists keep their long-term studios. Existing art galleries, however, are flourishing. GardenMoms, one of Boston's most popular online parent groups with over 2,500 members citywide, was founded by several South End mothers in 2002.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="2010_census"><span class="anchor" id="Demographics"></span>2010 census</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_End,_Boston&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: 2010 census"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:South_End_Boston_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="See caption" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/South_End_Boston_-_panoramio.jpg/220px-South_End_Boston_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/South_End_Boston_-_panoramio.jpg/330px-South_End_Boston_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/South_End_Boston_-_panoramio.jpg/440px-South_End_Boston_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2309" data-file-height="1467" /></a><figcaption>South End townhouses</figcaption></figure> <p>According to the 2010 census, the South End's population was 24,577 (a 12.2-percent increase from 2000).<sup id="cite_ref-Demographics_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Demographics-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The neighborhood was 55.2 percent white, 13.3 percent Hispanic or Latino, 12.5 percent Black, 16.2 percent Asian, and 2.7 percent other groups.<sup id="cite_ref-Demographics_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Demographics-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As for age, 33.8 percent of the population was between 20 and 34 years old and eight percent were under age nine;<sup id="cite_ref-Demographics_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Demographics-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 5.9 percent of South End residents were 10–19 years old, 31.2 percent were 35-54, 10.5 percent were 55-64, and 10.6 percent were 65 or older.<sup id="cite_ref-Demographics_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Demographics-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The median age for the South End is 36.<sup id="cite_ref-Demographics_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Demographics-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> About 55.2 percent of the population hold a college degree; 29.2 percent have a bachelor's degree, and 26 percent hold a graduate degree.<sup id="cite_ref-Demographics_4-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Demographics-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The primary language spoken in the neighborhood is English (65.6 percent), followed by Spanish (12.9 percent), Chinese (10.4 percent), French (2.7 percent), Portuguese (one percent), and other languages (7.4 percent).<sup id="cite_ref-Demographics_4-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Demographics-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The median annual South End income is $57,699, with 10.9 percent of the population earning $50,000 to $74,000.<sup id="cite_ref-Demographics_4-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Demographics-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are 12,831 households in the South End, with 23.3 percent living in a family that includes a wife and a husband; 47.4 percent live alone.<sup id="cite_ref-Demographics_4-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Demographics-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2010, 45.2 percent of residents did not own a vehicle.<sup id="cite_ref-Demographics_4-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Demographics-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thirty-four percent of residents use public transportation, excluding taxis.<sup id="cite_ref-Demographics_4-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Demographics-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The South End has 58.1 percent of its population working in the management, business, science, and arts sectors, with 79.1 percent of the labor force between the ages of 20 and 34.<sup id="cite_ref-Demographics_4-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Demographics-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the 2010 census, 72.6 percent of the South End has lived in the same place for the past year; 12.8 percent moved to a different location in the same county, 7.5 percent moved from a different county, and 5.9 percent moved from a different state to the South End.<sup id="cite_ref-Demographics_4-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Demographics-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Public_transportation">Public transportation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_End,_Boston&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Public transportation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Outbound_train_leaving_Prudential_station,_July_2019.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Subway station" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Outbound_train_leaving_Prudential_station%2C_July_2019.JPG/220px-Outbound_train_leaving_Prudential_station%2C_July_2019.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Outbound_train_leaving_Prudential_station%2C_July_2019.JPG/330px-Outbound_train_leaving_Prudential_station%2C_July_2019.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Outbound_train_leaving_Prudential_station%2C_July_2019.JPG/440px-Outbound_train_leaving_Prudential_station%2C_July_2019.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3888" /></a><figcaption>Prudential station on the Green Line</figcaption></figure> <p>The South End is near <a href="/wiki/MBTA_subway" title="MBTA subway">MBTA subway</a> stops, including <a href="/wiki/Copley_station" title="Copley station">Copley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Symphony_station_(MBTA)" title="Symphony station (MBTA)">Symphony</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Prudential_station" title="Prudential station">Prudential</a> stations on the <a href="/wiki/Green_Line_(MBTA)" title="Green Line (MBTA)">Green Line</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Ruggles_station" title="Ruggles station">Ruggles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Avenue_station" title="Massachusetts Avenue station">Massachusetts Avenue</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Back_Bay_station" title="Back Bay station">Back Bay</a> stations on the <a href="/wiki/Orange_Line_(MBTA)" title="Orange Line (MBTA)">Orange Line</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Entertainment_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Entertainment-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Commuter_rail" title="Commuter rail">Commuter rail</a> service on the <a href="/wiki/Franklin/Foxboro_Line" title="Franklin/Foxboro Line">Franklin/Foxboro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Needham_Line" title="Needham Line">Needham</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Providence/Stoughton_Line" title="Providence/Stoughton Line">Providence/Stoughton</a> lines is available at the Ruggles and Back Bay stations. Back Bay is also served by the <a href="/wiki/Framingham/Worcester_Line" title="Framingham/Worcester Line">Framingham/Worcester Line</a>. These commuter rail lines continue to <a href="/wiki/South_Station" title="South Station">South Station</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Bus_rapid_transit" title="Bus rapid transit">bus rapid transit</a> <a href="/wiki/Silver_Line_(MBTA)#Washington_Street:_SL4_and_SL5" title="Silver Line (MBTA)">Silver Line routes SL4 and SL5</a> between <a href="/wiki/Nubian_Square" title="Nubian Square">Nubian Square</a> and downtown Boston run on Washington Street through the South End, with several stops between <a href="/wiki/Lenox_Street_station" title="Lenox Street station">Lenox</a> and <a href="/wiki/Herald_Street_station" title="Herald Street station">Herald Streets</a>. The neighborhood is also served by local MBTA bus routes. Major routes include route <a href="/wiki/43_(MBTA_bus)" title="43 (MBTA bus)">43</a> on <a href="/wiki/Tremont_Street" title="Tremont Street">Tremont Street</a> and route <a href="/wiki/1_(MBTA_bus)" class="mw-redirect" title="1 (MBTA bus)">1</a> on <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Avenue_(metropolitan_Boston)" title="Massachusetts Avenue (metropolitan Boston)">Massachusetts Avenue</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_End,_Boston&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1950s"><span class="anchor" id="1950s_images"></span>1950s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_End,_Boston&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: 1950s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 198.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 196.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Boston_Herald_Traveler_Building.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Boston Herald Traveler Building, 1952–1956"><img alt="Large, low building" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Boston_Herald_Traveler_Building.jpg/295px-Boston_Herald_Traveler_Building.jpg" decoding="async" width="197" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Boston_Herald_Traveler_Building.jpg/442px-Boston_Herald_Traveler_Building.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Boston_Herald_Traveler_Building.jpg/590px-Boston_Herald_Traveler_Building.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5965" data-file-height="4857" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Boston Herald Traveler Building, 1952–1956</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 198.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 196.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Southwesterly_from_the_Railroad_Bridge_on_Harrison_Avenue.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Motte Street with 1000 Washington in the background, June 24, 1952"><img alt="Two large buildings" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Southwesterly_from_the_Railroad_Bridge_on_Harrison_Avenue.jpg/295px-Southwesterly_from_the_Railroad_Bridge_on_Harrison_Avenue.jpg" decoding="async" width="197" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Southwesterly_from_the_Railroad_Bridge_on_Harrison_Avenue.jpg/443px-Southwesterly_from_the_Railroad_Bridge_on_Harrison_Avenue.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Southwesterly_from_the_Railroad_Bridge_on_Harrison_Avenue.jpg/590px-Southwesterly_from_the_Railroad_Bridge_on_Harrison_Avenue.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5971" data-file-height="4857" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Motte Street with 1000 Washington in the background, June 24, 1952</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 197.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 195.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rear_of_Houses_on_Harrison_Avenue.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Rear of houses on Harrision Avenue and Johnny Court, 1952–1958"><img alt="Courtyard with cars and laundry" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Rear_of_Houses_on_Harrison_Avenue.jpg/293px-Rear_of_Houses_on_Harrison_Avenue.jpg" decoding="async" width="196" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Rear_of_Houses_on_Harrison_Avenue.jpg/440px-Rear_of_Houses_on_Harrison_Avenue.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Rear_of_Houses_on_Harrison_Avenue.jpg/587px-Rear_of_Houses_on_Harrison_Avenue.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5925" data-file-height="4847" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Rear of houses on Harrision Avenue and Johnny Court, 1952–1958</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 201.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 199.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tot_Lot_on_Troy_Street.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tot lot on Troy Street, 1952–1958"><img alt="A simple playground, seen from above" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Tot_Lot_on_Troy_Street.jpg/299px-Tot_Lot_on_Troy_Street.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Tot_Lot_on_Troy_Street.jpg/449px-Tot_Lot_on_Troy_Street.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Tot_Lot_on_Troy_Street.jpg/598px-Tot_Lot_on_Troy_Street.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5976" data-file-height="4794" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Playground" title="Playground">Tot lot</a> on Troy Street, 1952–1958</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 198.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 196.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shawmut_Avenue,_southerly_from_the_corner_of_Tremont_Street.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Shawmut Avenue at Tremont Street, December 4, 1956"><img alt="Intersection with a large ad on a building" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Shawmut_Avenue%2C_southerly_from_the_corner_of_Tremont_Street.jpg/295px-Shawmut_Avenue%2C_southerly_from_the_corner_of_Tremont_Street.jpg" decoding="async" width="197" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Shawmut_Avenue%2C_southerly_from_the_corner_of_Tremont_Street.jpg/442px-Shawmut_Avenue%2C_southerly_from_the_corner_of_Tremont_Street.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Shawmut_Avenue%2C_southerly_from_the_corner_of_Tremont_Street.jpg/590px-Shawmut_Avenue%2C_southerly_from_the_corner_of_Tremont_Street.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5975" data-file-height="4865" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Shawmut Avenue at Tremont Street, December 4, 1956</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 198.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 196.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Don_Bosco_Technical_High_School,_Warrenton_Street.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Don Bosco Technical High School, Warrenton Street, December 4, 1956"><img alt="Large, windowless wall with cars parked" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Don_Bosco_Technical_High_School%2C_Warrenton_Street.jpg/295px-Don_Bosco_Technical_High_School%2C_Warrenton_Street.jpg" decoding="async" width="197" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Don_Bosco_Technical_High_School%2C_Warrenton_Street.jpg/442px-Don_Bosco_Technical_High_School%2C_Warrenton_Street.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Don_Bosco_Technical_High_School%2C_Warrenton_Street.jpg/590px-Don_Bosco_Technical_High_School%2C_Warrenton_Street.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5959" data-file-height="4853" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Don Bosco Technical High School, Warrenton Street, December 4, 1956</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 198.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 196.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Northeasterly_from_roof_of_100_Arlington_Street.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Northeast from roof of 100 Arlington Street, December 4, 1956"><img alt="See caption" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Northeasterly_from_roof_of_100_Arlington_Street.jpg/295px-Northeasterly_from_roof_of_100_Arlington_Street.jpg" decoding="async" width="197" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Northeasterly_from_roof_of_100_Arlington_Street.jpg/442px-Northeasterly_from_roof_of_100_Arlington_Street.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Northeasterly_from_roof_of_100_Arlington_Street.jpg/590px-Northeasterly_from_roof_of_100_Arlington_Street.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5973" data-file-height="4863" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Northeast from roof of 100 Arlington Street, December 4, 1956</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Contemporary_images">Contemporary images</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_End,_Boston&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Contemporary images"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 120px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 118px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Columbus_and_Dartmouth1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Columbus Avenue and Dartmouth Street"><img alt="Red-brick corner building" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Columbus_and_Dartmouth1.jpg/177px-Columbus_and_Dartmouth1.jpg" decoding="async" width="118" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Columbus_and_Dartmouth1.jpg/266px-Columbus_and_Dartmouth1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Columbus_and_Dartmouth1.jpg/354px-Columbus_and_Dartmouth1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1667" data-file-height="2258" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Columbus Avenue and Dartmouth Street</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 184.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 182.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Appleton_and_Dartmouth.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lawrence Street"><img alt="Flat, red-brick buildings" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Appleton_and_Dartmouth.jpg/274px-Appleton_and_Dartmouth.jpg" decoding="async" width="183" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Appleton_and_Dartmouth.jpg/410px-Appleton_and_Dartmouth.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Appleton_and_Dartmouth.jpg/547px-Appleton_and_Dartmouth.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1961" data-file-height="1721" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Lawrence Street</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 194.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 192.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Warren_and_Dartmouth.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Dartmouth Place"><img alt="Residential street" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Warren_and_Dartmouth.jpg/289px-Warren_and_Dartmouth.jpg" decoding="async" width="193" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Warren_and_Dartmouth.jpg/434px-Warren_and_Dartmouth.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Warren_and_Dartmouth.jpg/579px-Warren_and_Dartmouth.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2078" data-file-height="1724" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Dartmouth Place</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 118.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 116.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Warren_and_Dartmouth2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Side street"><img alt="Sidewalk view" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Warren_and_Dartmouth2.jpg/175px-Warren_and_Dartmouth2.jpg" decoding="async" width="117" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Warren_and_Dartmouth2.jpg/263px-Warren_and_Dartmouth2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Warren_and_Dartmouth2.jpg/351px-Warren_and_Dartmouth2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1641" data-file-height="2243" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Side street</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 213.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Union_Park2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Union Park Street"><img alt="Park bordered by streets" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Union_Park2.jpg/320px-Union_Park2.jpg" decoding="async" width="214" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Union_Park2.jpg/480px-Union_Park2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Union_Park2.jpg/640px-Union_Park2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="1728" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Union Park Street</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 286.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 284.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2012_SouthEnd_Boston_6837599327.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Worcester Square"><img alt="Tree-lined square" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/2012_SouthEnd_Boston_6837599327.jpg/427px-2012_SouthEnd_Boston_6837599327.jpg" decoding="async" width="285" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/2012_SouthEnd_Boston_6837599327.jpg/640px-2012_SouthEnd_Boston_6837599327.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/2012_SouthEnd_Boston_6837599327.jpg/854px-2012_SouthEnd_Boston_6837599327.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3148" data-file-height="1771" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Worcester Square</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 213.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tremont_and_Union2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Union Park and Tremont Streets"><img alt="Urban intersection" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Tremont_and_Union2.jpg/320px-Tremont_and_Union2.jpg" decoding="async" width="214" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Tremont_and_Union2.jpg/480px-Tremont_and_Union2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Tremont_and_Union2.jpg/640px-Tremont_and_Union2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="1728" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Union Park and Tremont Streets</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 213.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tremont_Clarendon.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tremont Street"><img alt="City street with red-brick buildings" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Tremont_Clarendon.jpg/320px-Tremont_Clarendon.jpg" decoding="async" width="214" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Tremont_Clarendon.jpg/480px-Tremont_Clarendon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Tremont_Clarendon.jpg/640px-Tremont_Clarendon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="1728" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Tremont Street</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 216.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 214.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:South_End_John_Hancock_Tower.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Clarendon Street, with the John Hancock Tower in the background"><img alt="Old, tree-lined street with a modern building in the background" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/South_End_John_Hancock_Tower.jpg/322px-South_End_John_Hancock_Tower.jpg" decoding="async" width="215" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/South_End_John_Hancock_Tower.jpg/482px-South_End_John_Hancock_Tower.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/South_End_John_Hancock_Tower.jpg/643px-South_End_John_Hancock_Tower.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1529" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Clarendon Street, with the <a href="/wiki/John_Hancock_Tower" title="John Hancock Tower">John Hancock Tower</a> in the background</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_End,_Boston&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-nris-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nris_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://npgallery.nps.gov/NRHP">"National Register Information System"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="National Register of Historic Places">National Register of Historic Places</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a>. January 23, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Register+of+Historic+Places&rft.atitle=National+Register+Information+System&rft.date=2007-01-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnpgallery.nps.gov%2FNRHP&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+End%2C+Boston" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-St._Botolph-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-St._Botolph_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-St._Botolph_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-St._Botolph_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-St._Botolph_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-St._Botolph_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-St._Botolph_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-St._Botolph_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-St._Botolph_2-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-St._Botolph_2-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-St._Botolph_2-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-St._Botolph_2-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-St._Botolph_2-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-St._Botolph_2-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-St._Botolph_2-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-St._Botolph_2-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-St._Botolph_2-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-St._Botolph_2-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-St._Botolph_2-17"><sup><i><b>r</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHughesShiland" class="citation web cs1">Hughes, Carolyn; Shiland, Kimberley. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cityofboston.gov/images_documents/SouthEnd_St.Botolph_brochure_tcm3-19125.pdf">"Exploring Boston Neighborhoods"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>South End & St. Botolph</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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UPNE. pp. 68–72. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58465-298-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58465-298-4"><bdi>978-1-58465-298-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Garden+Squares+of+Boston&rft.pages=68-72&rft.pub=UPNE&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-1-58465-298-4&rft.aulast=Goodman&rft.aufirst=Phebe+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEwO8sFfSe8sC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+End%2C+Boston" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoodman2003" class="citation book cs1">Goodman, Phebe S. 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UPNE. p. 19. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58465-298-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58465-298-4"><bdi>978-1-58465-298-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Garden+Squares+of+Boston&rft.pages=19&rft.pub=UPNE&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-1-58465-298-4&rft.aulast=Goodman&rft.aufirst=Phebe+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEwO8sFfSe8sC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+End%2C+Boston" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2047/D20297022">Finding aid for the United South End Settlements Records</a>, Northeastern University Libraries, Boston, MA</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Marstall-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Marstall_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Marstall_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Marstall_19-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarstall2012" class="citation news cs1">Marstall, Christopher (August 19, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bostonglobe.com/ideas/2012/08/18/boston-vanished-new-york-streets/EVxSqBnv9ups9yO5Q6MhTP/story.html">"Boston's vanished New York Streets"</a>. Boston Globe.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Boston%27s+vanished+New+York+Streets&rft.date=2012-08-19&rft.aulast=Marstall&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bostonglobe.com%2Fideas%2F2012%2F08%2F18%2Fboston-vanished-new-york-streets%2FEVxSqBnv9ups9yO5Q6MhTP%2Fstory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+End%2C+Boston" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-L7GdFKiJvs0/TZFC9TN0M-I/AAAAAAAAC9g/48Uxsc-XaQ4/s1600/new%2Byork%2Bsts%2B1938.jpg">"Detailed 1938 map"</a>. <i>bp.blogspot.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=bp.blogspot.com&rft.atitle=Detailed+1938+map&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2F1.bp.blogspot.com%2F-L7GdFKiJvs0%2FTZFC9TN0M-I%2FAAAAAAAAC9g%2F48Uxsc-XaQ4%2Fs1600%2Fnew%252Byork%252Bsts%252B1938.jpg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+End%2C+Boston" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bostonhistory.typepad.com/notes_on_the_urban_condit/2006/03/new_york_street_1.html">"New York Streets, Part Two"</a>. March 23, 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 1,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New+York+Streets%2C+Part+Two&rft.date=2006-03-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbostonhistory.typepad.com%2Fnotes_on_the_urban_condit%2F2006%2F03%2Fnew_york_street_1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+End%2C+Boston" class="Z3988"></span> – detailed street history</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFQuaratiello2011" class="citation news cs1">Quaratiello, Frank (September 6, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bostonherald.com/news_opinion/local_coverage/2011/09/boston_herald_will_move_headquarters_seaport_district">"Boston Herald will move headquarters to Seaport District"</a>. <i>Boston Herald</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Boston+Herald&rft.atitle=Boston+Herald+will+move+headquarters+to+Seaport+District&rft.date=2011-09-06&rft.aulast=Quaratiello&rft.aufirst=Frank&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbostonherald.com%2Fnews_opinion%2Flocal_coverage%2F2011%2F09%2Fboston_herald_will_move_headquarters_seaport_district&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+End%2C+Boston" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/southendurbanren00bost">"South End Urban Renewal Project Request for Proposals"</a>. Boston Redevelopment Authority. December 8, 1988.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=South+End+Urban+Renewal+Project+Request+for+Proposals&rft.pub=Boston+Redevelopment+Authority&rft.date=1988-12-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsouthendurbanren00bost&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+End%2C+Boston" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Development_of_new_project-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Development_of_new_project_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Development_of_new_project_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBH_Normandy" class="citation book cs1">BH Normandy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bostonredevelopmentauthority.org/getattachment/970e355e-5489-436d-9fc9-17f60a4aee64"><i>Project Notificiation Form</i></a>. Boston redevelopment Authority. pp. 13–21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 21,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Project+Notificiation+Form&rft.pages=13-21&rft.pub=Boston+redevelopment+Authority&rft.au=BH+Normandy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bostonredevelopmentauthority.org%2Fgetattachment%2F970e355e-5489-436d-9fc9-17f60a4aee64&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+End%2C+Boston" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070822175951/http://www.nejazz.org/Community/JazzNotes/moonoogian1985.php">"New England Jazz Alliance - New England Jazz Notes"</a>. <i>nejazz.org</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nejazz.org/Community/JazzNotes/moonoogian1985.php">the original</a> on August 22, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nejazz.org&rft.atitle=New+England+Jazz+Alliance+-+New+England+Jazz+Notes&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nejazz.org%2FCommunity%2FJazzNotes%2Fmoonoogian1985.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+End%2C+Boston" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Education-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Education_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bostonpublicschools.org/school/mckinley-south-end-academy">"School Listings"</a>. <i>Boston Public Schools</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 27,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Boston+Public+Schools&rft.atitle=School+Listings&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bostonpublicschools.org%2Fschool%2Fmckinley-south-end-academy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+End%2C+Boston" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Education_2-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Education_2_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bostonpublicschools.org/domain/1063">"Josiah Quincy Upper School"</a>. <i>Josiah Quincy Upper School</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 27,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Josiah+Quincy+Upper+School&rft.atitle=Josiah+Quincy+Upper+School&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbostonpublicschools.org%2Fdomain%2F1063&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+End%2C+Boston" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Blackstone-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Blackstone_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Blackstone_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Blackstone_28-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Blackstone_28-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.friendsofblackstoneschool.org/about-us/blackstone-elementary-school/">"Blackstone Elementary School"</a>. <i>Friends of Blackstone School</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 28,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Friends+of+Blackstone+School&rft.atitle=Blackstone+Elementary+School&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.friendsofblackstoneschool.org%2Fabout-us%2Fblackstone-elementary-school%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+End%2C+Boston" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_South_End_Branch-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-The_South_End_Branch_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_South_End_Branch_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_South_End_Branch_29-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bpl.org/branches/southend.htm">"The South End Branch"</a>. <i>Boston Public Library</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 5,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Boston+Public+Library&rft.atitle=The+South+End+Branch&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bpl.org%2Fbranches%2Fsouthend.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+End%2C+Boston" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Community_Health_Center-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Community_Health_Center_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Community_Health_Center_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sechc.org/">"South End Community Health Center"</a>. <i>South End Community Health Center</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 5,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=South+End+Community+Health+Center&rft.atitle=South+End+Community+Health+Center&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sechc.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+End%2C+Boston" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKiki_Edozie2023" class="citation web cs1">Kiki Edozie, Rita (March 3, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bostonindicators.org/-/media/indicators/boston-indicators-reports/report-files/changing-faces-2019/indicators-changing-facesf2web.pdf">"Changing Faces of Greater Boston"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Changing+Faces+of+Greater+Boston&rft.date=2023-03-03&rft.aulast=Kiki+Edozie&rft.aufirst=Rita&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bostonindicators.org%2F-%2Fmedia%2Findicators%2Fboston-indicators-reports%2Freport-files%2Fchanging-faces-2019%2Findicators-changing-facesf2web.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+End%2C+Boston" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gardenmoms.findsmithgroups.com/">"Findsmith Groups"</a>. <i>gardenmoms.findsmithgroups.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=gardenmoms.findsmithgroups.com&rft.atitle=Findsmith+Groups&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgardenmoms.findsmithgroups.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+End%2C+Boston" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Entertainment-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Entertainment_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBU_Today_staff" class="citation web cs1">BU Today staff. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bu.edu/today/2015/getting-to-know-your-neighborhood-the-south-end/">"Getting to Know Your Neighborhood: The South End"</a>. <i>BU Today</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 15,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BU+Today&rft.atitle=Getting+to+Know+Your+Neighborhood%3A+The+South+End&rft.au=BU+Today+staff&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bu.edu%2Ftoday%2F2015%2Fgetting-to-know-your-neighborhood-the-south-end%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+End%2C+Boston" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_End,_Boston&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=z3t78VuxiyMC">Leading business men of Back Bay, South End, Boston Highlands, Jamaica Plain and Dorchester</a>: illustrated. Boston. Mercantile Pub. Co., 1888.</li> <li>Krieger, Alex, and David Cobb. <i>Mapping Boston.</i> The MIT Press: 1999. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-262-11244-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-262-11244-2">0-262-11244-2</a>.</li> <li>Griffin, Arthur, and Esther Forbes. <i>The Boston Book.</i> Houghton Mifflin Company: 1947.</li> <li>Goodman, Phoebe. <i>The Garden Squares of Boston.</i> University Press of New England: 2003. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-58465-298-5" title="Special:BookSources/1-58465-298-5">1-58465-298-5</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSammarco,_Anthony_Mitchell1998" class="citation book cs1">Sammarco, Anthony Mitchell (1998). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bostonssouthendm00anth"><i><span></span>'Boston's South End</i></a></span>. Images of America. Charleston, SC: Arcadia Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7385-3949-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-7385-3949-X"><bdi>0-7385-3949-X</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OL_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OL (identifier)">OL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/works/OL16025408W">16025408W</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%27Boston%27s+South+End&rft.place=Charleston%2C+SC&rft.series=Images+of+America&rft.pub=Arcadia+Publishing&rft.date=1998&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenlibrary.org%2Fworks%2FOL16025408W%23id-name%3DOL&rft.isbn=0-7385-3949-X&rft.au=Sammarco%2C+Anthony+Mitchell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbostonssouthendm00anth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASouth+End%2C+Boston" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_End,_Boston&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a travel guide for <i><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Boston/South_End#Q2304457" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Boston/South End">South End, Boston</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <p><b>Pictures</b> </p> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:South_End,_Boston" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:South End, Boston">South End, Boston</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/boston_public_library/sets/72157625849052197/">Boston Pictorial Archive</a>. Boston Public Library. Images of the South End, Boston.</li></ul> <p><b>Records</b> </p> <ul><li>The <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2047/D20297006">Inquilinos Boricuas en Acción records, 1967-2004 (bulk 1974-1999)</a> are located in the Northeastern University Libraries, Archives and Special Collections Department, Boston, MA.</li> <li>The <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2047/D20297011">Escuelita Agueybana Day Care Centers records, 1978-1996</a> are located in the Northeastern University Libraries, Archives and Special Collections Department, Boston, MA.</li> <li>The <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2047/D20297022">United South End Settlements records, 1892-2006 (bulk 1980-1999)</a> are located in the Northeastern University Libraries, Archives and Special Collections Department, Boston, MA.</li> <li>City of Boston,<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cityofboston.gov/landmarks/publications/">Boston Landmark</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cityofboston.gov/images_documents/South_End_Study_Report_13_tcm3-32476.pdf">South End Landmark District</a></li></ul> <p><b>Digital Resources</b> </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://globalboston.bc.edu/index.php/home/immigrant-places/the-south-end/">Global Boston: The South End</a></li></ul> <p><b>Organizations</b> </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sowaboston.com/">Official SoWa District Website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eightstreets.org">Eight Streets Neighborhood Association, South End</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.saintjohnthebaptist.org">St. John the Baptist, Hellenic/Greek Orthodox Church of the South End</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.arlboston.org">The Animal Rescue League of Boston</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ellismemorial.org">Ellis Memorial & Eldredge House</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://south-end-boston.com/History">A Short History of Boston's South End</a></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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aria-labelledby="Places_adjacent_to_South_End,_Boston" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Adjacent_communities" title="Template:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Adjacent_communities" title="Template talk:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Adjacent_communities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Places_adjacent_to_South_End,_Boston" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Places adjacent to South End, Boston</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><table role="presentation" style="width:100%; margin:0; text-align:center;"><tbody><tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Fenway%E2%80%93Kenmore" title="Fenway–Kenmore">Fenway–Kenmore</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Back_Bay,_Boston" title="Back Bay, Boston">Back Bay</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bay_Village,_Boston" title="Bay Village, Boston">Bay Village</a></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="North"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/14px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/21px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/28px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td style="width:33%"><a href="/wiki/Mission_Hill,_Boston" title="Mission Hill, Boston">Mission Hill</a></td> <td style="width:33%;"> <div style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span title="West"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/17px-Pfeil_links.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/25px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/34px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></span></span><b style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:middle; margin:0.75em 1em">South End</b><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span title="East"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/17px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/25px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/34px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></div> </td> <td style="width:33%"><a href="/wiki/South_Boston" title="South Boston">South Boston</a></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="South"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/14px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/21px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/28px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Roxbury,_Boston" title="Roxbury, Boston">Roxbury</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dudley_Square" class="mw-redirect" title="Dudley Square">Dudley Square</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Upham%27s_Corner" class="mw-redirect" title="Upham's Corner">Upham's Corner</a></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Boston" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#DFBC1E; color: #367BCA;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Boston,_Massachusetts" title="Template:Boston, Massachusetts"><abbr title="View this template" style="color: #367BCA">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Boston,_Massachusetts" title="Template talk:Boston, Massachusetts"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color: #367BCA">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Boston,_Massachusetts" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Boston, Massachusetts"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color: #367BCA">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Boston" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: #367BCA; text-decoration: inherit;">Boston</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#DFBC1E; color: #367BCA;;width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boston_accent" title="Boston accent">Accent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_annual_events_in_Boston" title="List of annual events in Boston">Annual events</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Boston" title="Architecture of Boston">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_arts_organizations_in_Boston" title="List of arts organizations in Boston">Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Boston" title="Bibliography of Boston">Bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_in_Boston" title="Culture in Boston">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Boston" class="mw-redirect" title="Demographics of Boston">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_Boston" title="List of diplomatic missions in Boston">Diplomatic missions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Boston" class="mw-redirect" title="Economy of Boston">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Boston" class="mw-redirect" title="Education in Boston">Education</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_colleges_and_universities_in_metropolitan_Boston" title="List of colleges and universities in metropolitan Boston">Colleges and universities</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Boston" class="mw-redirect" title="Geography of Boston">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Boston" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in Boston">Historic places</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_northern_Boston" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in northern Boston">Northern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_southern_Boston" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in southern Boston">Southern</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Boston" title="History of Boston">History</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Boston" title="Timeline of Boston">Timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_in_Boston" title="Media in Boston">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_nicknames" class="mw-redirect" title="Boston nicknames">Nicknames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Boston" title="List of people from Boston">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Boston" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics of Boston">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_of_Boston" title="Port of Boston">Port</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_Public_Library" title="Boston Public Library">Public library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_Public_Schools" title="Boston Public Schools">Public schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sister_cities_of_Boston" class="mw-redirect" title="List of sister cities of Boston">Sister cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Boston" title="List of tallest buildings in Boston">Skyscrapers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_songs_about_Boston" title="List of songs about Boston">Songs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_in_Boston" title="Transportation in Boston">Transportation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#DFBC1E; color: #367BCA;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sites_of_interest_in_Boston" class="mw-redirect" title="List of sites of interest in Boston">Attractions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boston_Common" title="Boston Common">Boston Common</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_Convention_and_Exhibition_Center" title="Boston Convention and Exhibition Center">Boston Convention and Exhibition Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_Irish_Famine_Memorial" title="Boston Irish Famine Memorial">Irish Famine Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_Tea_Party#Boston_Tea_Party_Ships_and_Museum" title="Boston Tea Party">Boston Tea Party Ships and Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bunker_Hill_Monument" title="Bunker Hill Monument">Bunker Hill Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorchester_Heights_Monument" title="Dorchester Heights Monument">Dorchester Heights Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faneuil_Hall" title="Faneuil Hall">Faneuil Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenway_Park" title="Fenway Park">Fenway Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Park_Zoo" title="Franklin Park Zoo">Franklin Park Zoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_Trail" title="Freedom Trail">Freedom Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hynes_Convention_Center" title="Hynes Convention Center">Hynes Convention Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Contemporary_Art,_Boston" title="Institute of Contemporary Art, Boston">Institute of Contemporary Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabella_Stewart_Gardner_Museum" title="Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum">Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_Presidential_Library_and_Museum" title="John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum">John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_State_House" title="Massachusetts State House">Massachusetts State House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Fine_Arts,_Boston" title="Museum of Fine Arts, Boston">Museum of Fine Arts</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Appeal_to_the_Great_Spirit" title="Appeal to the Great Spirit">Appeal to the Great Spirit</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Science_(Boston)" title="Museum of Science (Boston)">Museum of Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_England_Aquarium" title="New England Aquarium">New England Aquarium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_North_Church" title="Old North Church">Old North Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Revere_House" title="Paul Revere House">Paul Revere House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symphony_Hall,_Boston" title="Symphony Hall, Boston">Boston Symphony Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TD_Garden" title="TD Garden">TD Garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Constitution" title="USS Constitution">USS <i>Constitution</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/USS_Constitution_Museum" title="USS Constitution Museum">Museum</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#DFBC1E; color: #367BCA;;width:1%">Business<br />districts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Back_Bay,_Boston" title="Back Bay, Boston">Back Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Downtown_Boston" title="Downtown Boston">Downtown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenway%E2%80%93Kenmore" title="Fenway–Kenmore">Fenway–Kenmore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_District,_Boston" title="Financial District, Boston">Financial District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_Center,_Boston" title="Government Center, Boston">Government Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Innovation_district" title="Innovation district">Innovation district</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_End,_Boston" title="North End, Boston">North End</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Route_128" title="Massachusetts Route 128">Route 128 corridor</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">South End</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_in_Boston" class="mw-redirect" title="List of companies in Boston">List of companies in Boston</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#DFBC1E; color: #367BCA;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Boston#Government_and_politics" title="Boston">Government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boston_City_Charter" title="Boston City Charter">City charter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_City_Council" title="Boston City Council">City council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_City_Hall" title="Boston City Hall">City Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Boston_mayoral_election" title="2021 Boston mayoral election">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_Emergency_Medical_Services" title="Boston Emergency Medical Services">Emergency Medical Services (EMS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_Finance_Commission" title="Boston Finance Commission">FinComm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_Fire_Department" title="Boston Fire Department">Fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_Housing_Authority" title="Boston Housing Authority">Housing (BHA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Boston" title="Mayor of Boston">Mayor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_Planning_%26_Development_Agency" title="Boston Planning & Development Agency">Planning & Development Agency (BPDA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_Police_Department" title="Boston Police Department">Police</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#DFBC1E; color: #367BCA;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Neighborhoods_in_Boston" title="Neighborhoods in Boston">Neighborhoods</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allston%E2%80%93Brighton" title="Allston–Brighton">Allston–Brighton</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allston" title="Allston">Allston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brighton,_Boston" title="Brighton, Boston">Brighton</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Back_Bay,_Boston" title="Back Bay, Boston">Back Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_Village,_Boston" title="Bay Village, Boston">Bay Village</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beacon_Hill,_Boston" title="Beacon Hill, Boston">Beacon Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Downtown_Crossing" title="Downtown Crossing">Downtown Boston</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Financial_District,_Boston" title="Financial District, Boston">Financial District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_Center,_Boston" title="Government Center, Boston">Government Center</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlestown,_Boston" title="Charlestown, Boston">Charlestown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chestnut_Hill,_Massachusetts" title="Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts">Chestnut Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinatown,_Boston" title="Chinatown, Boston">Chinatown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorchester,_Boston" title="Dorchester, Boston">Dorchester</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_Point,_Boston" title="Columbia Point, Boston">Columbia Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upham%27s_Corner" class="mw-redirect" title="Upham's Corner">Upham's Corner</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Boston" title="East Boston">East Boston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenway%E2%80%93Kenmore" title="Fenway–Kenmore">Fenway–Kenmore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_Harbor_Islands_National_Recreation_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Boston Harbor Islands National Recreation Area">Harbor Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyde_Park,_Boston" title="Hyde Park, Boston">Hyde Park</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Readville,_Boston" title="Readville, Boston">Readville</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaica_Plain" title="Jamaica Plain">Jamaica Plain</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Forest_Hills,_Boston" title="Forest Hills, Boston">Forest Hills</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leather_District" title="Leather District">Leather District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mattapan" title="Mattapan">Mattapan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mission_Hill,_Boston" title="Mission Hill, Boston">Mission Hill</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Longwood_Medical_and_Academic_Area" title="Longwood Medical and Academic Area">Longwood</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_End,_Boston" title="North End, Boston">North End</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roslindale" title="Roslindale">Roslindale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roxbury,_Boston" title="Roxbury, Boston">Roxbury</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Hill,_Boston" title="Fort Hill, Boston">Fort Hill</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Boston" title="South Boston">South Boston</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Point,_Boston" title="Fort Point, Boston">Fort Point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seaport_District" title="Seaport District">Seaport</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">South End</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_End,_Boston" title="West End, Boston">West End</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Roxbury" title="West Roxbury">West Roxbury</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#DFBC1E; color: #367BCA;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sports_in_Boston" title="Sports in Boston">Sports</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boston_Bruins" title="Boston Bruins">Boston Bruins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_Celtics" title="Boston Celtics">Boston Celtics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_Marathon" title="Boston Marathon">Boston Marathon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_Red_Sox" title="Boston Red Sox">Boston Red Sox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_England_Free_Jacks" title="New England Free Jacks">New England Free Jacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_England_Patriots" title="New England Patriots">New England Patriots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_England_Revolution" title="New England Revolution">New England Revolution</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#DFBC1E; color: #367BCA;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Suffolk_County,_Massachusetts" title="Suffolk County, Massachusetts">Suffolk County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Boston" title="Greater Boston">Greater Boston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Gay_villages_in_the_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:American_gay_villages" title="Template:American gay villages"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:American_gay_villages" title="Template talk:American gay villages"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:American_gay_villages" title="Special:EditPage/Template:American gay villages"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Gay_villages_in_the_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Gay_village" title="Gay village">Gay villages in the United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Atlanta" title="Atlanta">Atlanta</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/Cheshire_Bridge_Road" title="Cheshire Bridge Road">Cheshire Bridge Road</a>, <a href="/wiki/Midtown_Atlanta" title="Midtown Atlanta">Midtown</a>, <a href="/wiki/Piedmont_Avenue_(Atlanta)" title="Piedmont Avenue (Atlanta)">Piedmont Avenue</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_culture_in_Austin,_Texas" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT culture in Austin, Texas">Austin</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Baltimore" title="Baltimore">Baltimore</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/Mount_Vernon,_Baltimore" title="Mount Vernon, Baltimore">Mount Vernon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Station_North_Arts_and_Entertainment_District" title="Station North Arts and Entertainment District">Station North</a>)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/Jamaica_Plain" title="Jamaica Plain">Jamaica Plain</a>, <a class="mw-selflink selflink">South End</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allentown,_Buffalo" title="Allentown, Buffalo">Buffalo</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/Lake_View,_Chicago#Boystown" title="Lake View, Chicago">Boystown</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edgewater,_Chicago" title="Edgewater, Chicago">Edgewater</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northside,_Cincinnati" title="Northside, Cincinnati">Cincinnati</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Columbus,_Ohio" title="Columbus, Ohio">Columbus</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/The_Short_North" title="The Short North">The Short North</a>, <a href="/wiki/Victorian_Village" title="Victorian Village">Victorian Village</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oak_Lawn,_Dallas" title="Oak Lawn, Dallas">Dallas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_culture_in_Metro_Detroit" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT culture in Metro Detroit">Detroit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitol_Hill_(Denver)" class="mw-redirect" title="Capitol Hill (Denver)">Denver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_culture_in_Eugene,_Oregon" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT culture in Eugene, Oregon">Eugene</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Fire_Island" title="Fire Island">Fire Island</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/Fire_Island_Pines,_New_York" title="Fire Island Pines, New York">Fire Island Pines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cherry_Grove,_New_York" title="Cherry Grove, New York">Cherry Grove</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Lauderdale,_Florida" title="Fort Lauderdale, Florida">Fort Lauderdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guerneville,_California" title="Guerneville, California">Guerneville, California</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Houston" title="Houston">Houston</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/Hyde_Park,_Montrose,_Houston" title="Hyde Park, Montrose, Houston">Hyde Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Montrose,_Houston" title="Montrose, Houston">Montrose</a>)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Hudson_Valley" title="Hudson Valley">Hudson Valley</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/Lark_Street" title="Lark Street">Albany</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hudson,_New_York" title="Hudson, New York">Hudson</a>)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Indianapolis" title="Indianapolis">Indianapolis</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/Herron%E2%80%93Morton_Place_Historic_District" title="Herron–Morton Place Historic District">Herron–Morton Place</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mass_Ave_Cultural_Arts_District" title="Mass Ave Cultural Arts District">Mass Ave</a>, <a href="/wiki/St._Joseph_Neighborhood_Historic_District" title="St. Joseph Neighborhood Historic District">St. Joseph</a>)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Jacksonville,_Florida" title="Jacksonville, Florida">Jacksonville</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/Riverside_and_Avondale" title="Riverside and Avondale">Riverside and Avondale</a>, <a href="/wiki/Springfield_(Jacksonville)" title="Springfield (Jacksonville)">Springfield</a>)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Jersey_Shore" title="Jersey Shore">Jersey Shore</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/Asbury_Park,_New_Jersey" title="Asbury Park, New Jersey">Asbury Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ocean_Grove,_New_Jersey" title="Ocean Grove, New Jersey">Ocean Grove</a>)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/Broadway_Corridor,_Long_Beach,_California" title="Broadway Corridor, Long Beach, California">Broadway Corridor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sunset_Junction,_Los_Angeles" title="Sunset Junction, Los Angeles">Sunset Junction</a>, <a href="/wiki/Silver_Lake,_Los_Angeles" title="Silver Lake, Los Angeles">Silver Lake</a>, <a href="/wiki/West_Hollywood,_California" title="West Hollywood, California">West Hollywood</a>)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Miami" title="Miami">Miami</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/South_Beach" title="South Beach">South Beach</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wilton_Manors,_Florida" title="Wilton Manors, Florida">Wilton Manors</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Hope,_Pennsylvania" title="New Hope, Pennsylvania">New Hope, Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/Chelsea,_Manhattan" title="Chelsea, Manhattan">Chelsea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Street" title="Christopher Street">Christopher Street</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greenwich_Village" title="Greenwich Village">Greenwich Village</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogunquit,_Maine" title="Ogunquit, Maine">Ogunquit, Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NW_39th_Street_Enclave" title="NW 39th Street Enclave">Oklahoma City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palm_Springs,_California" title="Palm Springs, California">Palm Springs</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/Washington_Square_West,_Philadelphia#The_Gayborhood" title="Washington Square West, Philadelphia">Gayborhood</a>, <a href="/wiki/East_Passyunk_Crossing,_Philadelphia" title="East Passyunk Crossing, Philadelphia">East Passyunk Crossing</a>)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Phoenix,_Arizona" title="Phoenix, Arizona">Phoenix</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/Alhambra,_Phoenix" title="Alhambra, Phoenix">Alhambra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Encanto,_Phoenix" class="mw-redirect" title="Encanto, Phoenix">Encanto</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pine_City,_Minnesota" title="Pine City, Minnesota">Pine City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burnside_Triangle" title="Burnside Triangle">Portland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provincetown,_Massachusetts" title="Provincetown, Massachusetts">Provincetown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rehoboth_Beach,_Delaware" title="Rehoboth Beach, Delaware">Rehoboth Beach, Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavender_Heights,_Sacramento,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Lavender Heights, Sacramento, California">Sacramento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Central,_St._Petersburg,_Florida" title="Grand Central, St. Petersburg, Florida">Saint Petersburg, Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillcrest,_San_Diego" title="Hillcrest, San Diego">San Diego</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/LGBT_culture_in_San_Francisco" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT culture in San Francisco">San Francisco</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/Castro_District,_San_Francisco" title="Castro District, San Francisco">Castro</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_of_Market,_San_Francisco" title="South of Market, San Francisco">SoMa</a>)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/San_Jose,_California" title="San Jose, California">San Jose</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/Qmunity_District" title="Qmunity District">Qmunity District</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Alameda,_San_Jose" title="The Alameda, San Jose">The Alameda</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saugatuck,_Michigan" title="Saugatuck, Michigan">Saugatuck, Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitol_Hill_(Seattle)" class="mw-redirect" title="Capitol Hill (Seattle)">Seattle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cotton_Street,_Shreveport,_Louisiana" title="Cotton Street, Shreveport, Louisiana">Shreveport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stonewall_Nation" title="Stonewall Nation">Stonewall Nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawley%E2%80%93Green_Historic_District" title="Hawley–Green Historic District">Syracuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mill_Hill,_Trenton,_New_Jersey" title="Mill Hill, Trenton, New Jersey">Trenton</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Western_Massachusetts" title="Western Massachusetts">Western Massachusetts</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/Northampton,_Massachusetts" title="Northampton, Massachusetts">Northampton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Metro_Center,_Springfield,_Massachusetts" title="Metro Center, Springfield, Massachusetts">Springfield</a>)</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/Dupont_Circle" title="Dupont Circle">Dupont Circle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Logan_Circle,_Washington,_D.C." class="mw-redirect" title="Logan Circle, Washington, D.C.">Logan Circle</a>, <a href="/wiki/U_Street_(Washington,_D.C.)" title="U Street (Washington, D.C.)">U Street</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 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.navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portal</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Nuvola_LGBT_flag.svg/19px-Nuvola_LGBT_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Nuvola_LGBT_flag.svg/29px-Nuvola_LGBT_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Nuvola_LGBT_flag.svg/38px-Nuvola_LGBT_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:LGBTQ" title="Portal:LGBTQ">LGBTQ</a></li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2304457#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2304457#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2304457#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/139690101">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n91017127">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007567674305171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=South_End,_Boston&params=42_20_37.86_N_71_4_18.71_W_type:landmark&title=South+End%2C+Boston"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">42°20′37.86″N</span> <span class="longitude">71°4′18.71″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="vcard"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">42.3438500°N 71.0718639°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">42.3438500; -71.0718639</span></span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="fn org">South End, Boston</span>)</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South_End,_Boston&oldid=1251700787">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South_End,_Boston&oldid=1251700787</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" 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