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mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Fugler rootpage-Fugler skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Hopp til innhold</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Nettsted"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Hovedmeny" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Hovedmeny" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon 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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">skjul</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigasjon </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Forside" title="Gå til hovedsiden [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Forside</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Tilfeldig" title="Vis en tilfeldig side [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Tilfeldig side</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Hjelp:Portal" title="Stedet for å få hjelp"><span>Hjelp</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Siste_endringer" title="Liste over siste endringer på wikien. 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class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Wikipedia" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Wikipedia </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-kontakt" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kontakt"><span>Kontakt Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-wmno" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikimedia.no" rel="nofollow" title="Medlemsorganisasjon for wikipedianere"><span>Wikimedia Norge</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Forside" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-no.svg" width="121" height="14" 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cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Søk i Wikipedia" aria-label="Søk i Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Søk i Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Spesial:Søk"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Søk</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personlig"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Utseende"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Endre skriftstørrelse, bredde og farge på siden." > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Utseende" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Utseende</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=no.wikipedia.org&uselang=nb" class=""><span>Doner</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Opprett_konto&returnto=Fugler" title="Du oppfordres til å opprette en konto og logge inn, men det er ikke obligatorisk" class=""><span>Opprett konto</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Logg_inn&returnto=Fugler" title="Du oppfordres til å logge inn, men det er ikke obligatorisk [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Logg inn</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out user-links-collapsible-item" title="Flere alternativer" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personlig" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personlig</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Brukermeny" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=no.wikipedia.org&uselang=nb"><span>Doner</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Opprett_konto&returnto=Fugler" title="Du oppfordres til å opprette en konto og logge inn, men det er ikke obligatorisk"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Opprett konto</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Logg_inn&returnto=Fugler" title="Du oppfordres til å logge inn, men det er ikke obligatorisk [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Logg inn</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Nettsted"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Innhold" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Innhold</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">skjul</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Til toppen)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Evolusjon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Evolusjon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Evolusjon</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Evolusjon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Biologi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biologi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Biologi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Biologi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Vis/skjul underseksjonen Biologi</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Biologi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Flygeevne" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flygeevne"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Flygeevne</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Flygeevne-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Åndedrett" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Åndedrett"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Åndedrett</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Åndedrett-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sanseorganene" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sanseorganene"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Sanseorganene</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sanseorganene-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Øyet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Øyet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.1</span> <span>Øyet</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Øyet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Øret" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Øret"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.2</span> <span>Øret</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Øret-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kloakken" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kloakken"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Kloakken</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kloakken-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reproduksjon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reproduksjon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Reproduksjon</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reproduksjon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Egglegging" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Egglegging"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5.1</span> <span>Egglegging</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Egglegging-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kyllinger" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kyllinger"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5.2</span> <span>Kyllinger</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kyllinger-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kromelk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kromelk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5.3</span> <span>Kromelk</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kromelk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Taksonomi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Taksonomi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Taksonomi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Taksonomi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Vis/skjul underseksjonen Taksonomi</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Taksonomi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Fylogeni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fylogeni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Fylogeni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fylogeni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Inndeling" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Inndeling"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Inndeling</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Inndeling-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Se_også" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Se_også"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Se også</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Se_også-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referanser" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referanser"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Referanser</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referanser-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Litteratur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Litteratur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Litteratur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Litteratur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eksterne_lenker" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eksterne_lenker"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Eksterne lenker</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eksterne_lenker-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innhold" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Innholdsfortegnelse" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Vis/skjul innholdsfortegnelsen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Vis/skjul innholdsfortegnelsen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Fugler</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå til en artikkel på et annet språk. Tilgjengelig på 242 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-242" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">242 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="utmerket artikkel-merke"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuglar" title="Fuglar – norsk nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Fuglar" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norsk nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="lovende artikkel"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fugle" title="Fugle – dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Fugle" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="anbefalt artikkel-merke"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A5glar" title="Fåglar – svensk" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Fåglar" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuglur" title="Fuglur – færøysk" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Fuglur" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="færøysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fugl" title="Fugl – islandsk" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Fugl" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cic%C3%A9m" title="Cicém – achinesisk" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Cicém" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="achinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8A%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8D%D0%B1%D0%B7%D1%83%D1%85%D1%8D%D1%80" title="Къуалэбзухэр – kabardisk" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Къуалэбзухэр" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="kabardisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B7%D1%8B%D1%83" title="Бзыу – adygeisk" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Бзыу" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="adygeisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгабзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vo%C3%ABl" title="Voël – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Voël" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%B6gel" title="Vögel – sveitsertysk" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Vögel" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="sveitsertysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%88%E1%8D%8D" title="ወፍ – amharisk" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ወፍ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lodeh" title="Lodeh – enaresamisk" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Lodeh" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="enaresamisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%80" title="पक्षी – angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="पक्षी" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fugol" title="Fugol – gammelengelsk" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Fugol" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="gammelengelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="utmerket artikkel-merke"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B1" title="طائر – arabisk" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="طائر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aves" title="Aves – aragonsk" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Aves" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%9B%DC%9D%DC%AA%DC%90" title="ܛܝܪܐ – arameisk" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܛܝܪܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="arameisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pu%C4%BEiu" title="Puľiu – aromansk" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Puľiu" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="aromansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Us%C3%A9l" title="Usél – arpitansk" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Usél" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="arpitansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87" title="চৰাই – assamesisk" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="চৰাই" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="assamesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aves" title="Aves – asturisk" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Aves" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-atj mw-list-item"><a href="https://atj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pirecic" title="Pirecic – atikamekw" lang="atj" hreflang="atj" data-title="Pirecic" data-language-autonym="Atikamekw" data-language-local-name="atikamekw" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Atikamekw</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyra" title="Guyra – guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Guyra" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D3%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%87%D3%80" title="ХӀинчӀ – avarisk" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="ХӀинчӀ" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="avarisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamach%27i" title="Jamach'i – aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Jamach'i" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qu%C5%9F" title="Quş – aserbajdsjansk" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Quş" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="aserbajdsjansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%88%D8%B4" title="قوش – søraserbajdsjansk" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="قوش" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="søraserbajdsjansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kedis" title="Kedis – balinesisk" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Kedis" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%96%E0%A6%BF" title="পাখি – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পাখি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burung" title="Burung – banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Burung" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chi%C3%A1u" title="Chiáu – minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Chiáu" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%A0%D0%BE%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Ҡоштар – basjkirsk" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Ҡоштар" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="basjkirsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%82%D1%83%D1%88%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Птушкі – belarusisk" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Птушкі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%82%D1%83%D1%88%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Птушкі – belarusisk (klassisk ortografi)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Птушкі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="belarusisk (klassisk ortografi)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%88" title="चिरई – bihari" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="चिरई" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="bihari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamgam" title="Gamgam – sentralbikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Gamgam" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="sentralbikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pijin" title="Pijin – bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Pijin" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="utmerket artikkel-merke"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Птици – bulgarsk" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Птици" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vegl" title="Vegl – bairisk" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Vegl" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="bairisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%96%E0%BE%B1%E0%BC%8D" title="བྱ། – tibetansk" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="བྱ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptice" title="Ptice – bosnisk" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Ptice" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosnisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evn" title="Evn – bretonsk" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Evn" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="utmerket artikkel-merke"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%83%D0%BD" title="Шубуун – burjatisk" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Шубуун" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="burjatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="utmerket artikkel-merke"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocells" title="Ocells – katalansk" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ocells" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%C4%95%C3%A7%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B9%C4%83%D0%BA" title="Вĕçенкайăк – tsjuvasjisk" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Вĕçенкайăк" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tsjuvasjisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langgam" title="Langgam – cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Langgam" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pt%C3%A1ci" title="Ptáci – tsjekkisk" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ptáci" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tsjekkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shiri" title="Shiri – shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Shiri" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viyuni" title="Viyuni – tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Viyuni" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aderyn" title="Aderyn – walisisk" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Aderyn" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="walisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noo%C5%8Ba" title="Nooŋa – dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Nooŋa" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B7%D9%8A%D8%B1" title="طير – marokkansk-arabisk" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="طير" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="marokkansk-arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loddi" title="Loddi – nordsamisk" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Loddi" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="nordsamisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voggel" title="Voggel – pennsylvaniatysk" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Voggel" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="pennsylvaniatysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deitsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%B6gel" title="Vögel – tysk" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Vögel" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ts%C3%ADdii" title="Tsídii – navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Tsídii" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pta%C5%A1ki" title="Ptaški – lavsorbisk" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Ptaški" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="lavsorbisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linnud" title="Linnud – estisk" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Linnud" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CF%84%CE%B7%CE%BD%CE%AC" title="Πτηνά – gresk" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πτηνά" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="gresk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="utmerket artikkel-merke"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bird" title="Bird – engelsk" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Bird" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8C" title="Нармунть – erzia" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Нармунть" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="erzia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="utmerket artikkel-merke"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aves" title="Aves – spansk" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Aves" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="utmerket artikkel-merke"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birdoj" title="Birdoj – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Birdoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A1xaru" title="Páxaru – ekstremaduransk" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Páxaru" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="ekstremaduransk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hegazti" title="Hegazti – baskisk" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Hegazti" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xewo" title="Xewo – ewe" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Xewo" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="ewe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eʋegbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87" title="پرنده – persisk" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پرنده" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chirriya" title="Chirriya – fijiansk hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Chirriya" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="fijiansk hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="utmerket artikkel-merke"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oiseau" title="Oiseau – fransk" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Oiseau" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%BBgels" title="Fûgels – vestfrisisk" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Fûgels" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="vestfrisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aves" title="Aves – irsk" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Aves" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ushag" title="Ushag – mansk" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Ushag" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="mansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eun" title="Eun – skotsk-gælisk" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Eun" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="skotsk-gælisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="utmerket artikkel-merke"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aves" title="Aves – galisisk" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Aves" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%88" title="Оалхазараш – ingusjisk" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Оалхазараш" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="ingusjisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%80%E4%BB%94" title="雀仔 – gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="雀仔" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AA%E0%AA%95%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B7%E0%AB%80" title="પક્ષી – gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="પક્ષી" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%C3%A2u" title="Tiâu – hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Tiâu" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%B4" title="Шовуд – kalmukkisk" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Шовуд" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="kalmukkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%83%88" title="새 – koreansk" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="새" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsuntsu" title="Tsuntsu – hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Tsuntsu" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B9%D5%BC%D5%B9%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Թռչուններ – armensk" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Թռչուններ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%80" title="पक्षी – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पक्षी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptaki" title="Ptaki – høysorbisk" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Ptaki" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="høysorbisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="utmerket artikkel-merke"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptice" title="Ptice – kroatisk" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ptice" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ucelo" title="Ucelo – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Ucelo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billit" title="Billit – iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Billit" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burung" title="Burung – indonesisk" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Burung" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ave" title="Ave – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Ave" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avie" title="Avie – interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Avie" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%C5%8Bmiaq" title="Tiŋmiaq – inupiak" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Tiŋmiaq" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="inupiak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Iñupiatun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%C3%A6%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%8A%D1%82%C3%A6" title="Мæргътæ – ossetisk" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Мæргътæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ossetisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inyoni" title="Inyoni – zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Inyoni" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aves" title="Aves – italiensk" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Aves" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%AA" title="עופות – hebraisk" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="עופות" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manuk" title="Manuk – javanesisk" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Manuk" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suma%C9%A3" title="Sumaɣ – kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Sumaɣ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B7%E0%B2%BF" title="ಪಕ್ಷಿ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಪಕ್ಷಿ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayup" title="Ayup – pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Ayup" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="ფრინველები – georgisk" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ფრინველები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="جاناوار – kasjmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="جاناوار" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="kasjmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pt%C3%B4ch%C3%AB" title="Ptôchë – kasjubisk" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Ptôchë" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="kasjubisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%9A%D2%B1%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Құстар – kasakhisk" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Құстар" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kasakhisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edhen" title="Edhen – kornisk" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Edhen" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="kornisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ndege_(mnyama)" title="Ndege (mnyama) – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Ndege (mnyama)" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zveri_(Aves)" title="Zveri (Aves) – kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Zveri (Aves)" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zwazo" title="Zwazo – haitisk" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Zwazo" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zozo" title="Zozo – franskguyansk kreol" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Zozo" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="franskguyansk kreol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balinde" title="Balinde – kurdisk" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Balinde" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%88" title="Куш – kirgisisk" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Куш" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="Кек – vestmarisk" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Кек" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="vestmarisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicel" title="Vicel – ladinsk" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Vicel" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="ladinsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%85%D1%85%D0%B8" title="Лелуххи – lakisk" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Лелуххи" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="lakisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B5%E0%BA%81" title="ສັດປີກ – laotisk" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ສັດປີກ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="laotisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Putni" title="Putni – latgallisk" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Putni" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="latgallisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latgaļu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aves" title="Aves – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Aves" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Putni" title="Putni – latvisk" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Putni" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latvisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vullen" title="Vullen – luxemburgsk" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Vullen" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemburgsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%83%D1%8C%D0%BA%D3%80" title="НуькӀ – lesgisk" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="НуькӀ" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="lesgisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="anbefalt artikkel-merke"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pauk%C5%A1%C4%8Diai" title="Paukščiai – litauisk" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Paukščiai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litauisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aves" title="Aves – ligurisk" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Aves" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="ligurisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veugel" title="Veugel – limburgsk" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Veugel" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nd%C9%9Bk%C9%9B" title="Ndɛkɛ – lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Ndɛkɛ" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avia" title="Avia – lingua franca nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Avia" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="lingua franca nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linnut" title="Linnut – livvisk" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Linnut" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="livvisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/lo_cipni" title="lo cipni – lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="lo cipni" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madarak" title="Madarak – ungarsk" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Madarak" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mano%27" title="Mano' – maduresisk" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Mano'" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="maduresisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Птици – makedonsk" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Птици" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vorona" title="Vorona – gassisk" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Vorona" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="gassisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%BF" title="പക്ഷി – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പക്ഷി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C4%A7asfur" title="Għasfur – maltesisk" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Għasfur" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="maltesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%80" title="पक्षी – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="पक्षी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%AF%E1%83%94%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98" title="მაფურინჯეეფი – mingrelsk" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="მაფურინჯეეფი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B7%D9%8A%D8%B1" title="طير – egyptisk arabisk" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="طير" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="egyptisk arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%BA" title="مرغ – mazandarani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="مرغ" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazandarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burung" title="Burung – malayisk" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Burung" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malayisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%8E%EA%AF%86%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%9B" title="ꯎꯆꯦꯛ – manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯎꯆꯦꯛ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buruang" title="Buruang – minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Buruang" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C4%93u" title="Cēu – mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Cēu" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Нармоттне – moksja" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Нармоттне" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="moksja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D1%83%D0%B2%D1%83%D1%83" title="Шувуу – mongolsk" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Шувуу" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%84%E1%80%BE%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA" title="ငှက် – burmesisk" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ငှက်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="burmesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manumanu_vuka" title="Manumanu vuka – fijiansk" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Manumanu vuka" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="fijiansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vogels" title="Vogels – nederlandsk" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Vogels" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voegel" title="Voegel – nedersaksisk" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Voegel" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="nedersaksisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE" title="चरा – nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="चरा" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9D%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%83" title="झंगः – newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="झंगः" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%B3%A5%E9%A1%9E" title="鳥類 – japansk" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="鳥類" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auciello" title="Auciello – napolitansk" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Auciello" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="napolitansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BB%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%88" title="Олхазарш – tsjetsjensk" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Олхазарш" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="tsjetsjensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr badge-Q17506997 badge-featuredlist mw-list-item" title="utvalgt liste-merke"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%B6gler" title="Fögler – nordfrisisk" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Fögler" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="nordfrisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berd" title="Berd – pitkairnsk" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Berd" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="pitkairnsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oua%C3%AEs%C3%A9" title="Ouaîsé – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Ouaîsé" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aus%C3%A8l" title="Ausèl – oksitansk" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Ausèl" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksitansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Кайык – østmarisk" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Кайык" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="østmarisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AA%E0%AC%95%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%B7%E0%AD%80" title="ପକ୍ଷୀ – odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ପକ୍ଷୀ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allaattiiwan" title="Allaattiiwan – oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Allaattiiwan" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qushlar" title="Qushlar – usbekisk" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Qushlar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="usbekisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%9B%E0%A9%80" title="ਪੰਛੀ – panjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਪੰਛੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="panjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%86%DA%86%DA%BE%DB%8C" title="پنچھی – vestpunjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="پنچھی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="vestpunjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%BA%D9%87" title="مرغه – pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="مرغه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bod" title="Bod – jamaicansk kreolengelsk" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Bod" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="jamaicansk kreolengelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B5%D0%B7" title="Кайез – komipermjakisk" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Кайез" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="komipermjakisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B8" title="បក្សី – khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="បក្សី" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oizo" title="Oizo – pikardisk" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Oizo" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="pikardisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osej" title="Osej – piemontesisk" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Osej" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="piemontesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pisin" title="Pisin – tok pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Pisin" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="tok pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vagels" title="Vagels – nedertysk" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Vagels" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="nedertysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="utmerket artikkel-merke"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptaki" title="Ptaki – polsk" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ptaki" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="utmerket artikkel-merke"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aves" title="Aves – portugisisk" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Aves" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qus" title="Qus – karakalpakisk" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Qus" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="karakalpakisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pas%C4%83re" title="Pasăre – rumensk" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Pasăre" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utschels" title="Utschels – retoromansk" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Utschels" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="retoromansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pisqu" title="Pisqu – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Pisqu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%8B" title="Птахы – rusinsk" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Птахы" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="rusinsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="utmerket artikkel-merke"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8B" title="Птицы – russisk" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Птицы" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D3%A9%D1%82%D3%A9%D1%80%D0%B4%D3%A9%D1%80" title="Көтөрдөр – sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Көтөрдөр" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/paayam" title="paayam – sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="paayam" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%83" title="पक्षिणः – sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="पक्षिणः" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%AA%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%AC%E1%B1%AE" title="ᱪᱮᱬᱮ – santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱪᱮᱬᱮ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aves" title="Aves – sardisk" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Aves" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bird" title="Bird – skotsk" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Bird" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="skotsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuugele" title="Fuugele – saterfrisisk" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Fuugele" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="saterfrisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zogu" title="Zogu – albansk" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Zogu" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aceddu" title="Aceddu – siciliansk" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Aceddu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siciliansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%9D" title="කුරුල්ලෝ – singalesisk" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="කුරුල්ලෝ" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singalesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="anbefalt artikkel-merke"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bird" title="Bird – enkel engelsk" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Bird" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="enkel engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DA%A9%D9%8A" title="پکي – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="پکي" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tinyoni" title="Tinyoni – swati" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="Tinyoni" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="swati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>SiSwati</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vt%C3%A1ky" title="Vtáky – slovakisk" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Vtáky" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="utmerket artikkel-merke"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pti%C4%8Di" title="Ptiči – slovensk" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Ptiči" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pt%C5%8Fki" title="Ptŏki – schlesisk" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Ptŏki" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="schlesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shimbir" title="Shimbir – somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Shimbir" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%95%D9%84" title="مەل – sentralkurdisk" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="مەل" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sentralkurdisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B5" title="Птице – serbisk" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Птице" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptica" title="Ptica – serbokroatisk" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Ptica" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manuk" title="Manuk – sundanesisk" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Manuk" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="utmerket artikkel-merke"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linnut" title="Linnut – finsk" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Linnut" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibon" title="Ibon – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Ibon" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%88" title="பறவை – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பறவை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ag%E1%B8%8Di%E1%B8%8D" title="Agḍiḍ – tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Agḍiḍ" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aylal" title="Aylal – kabylsk" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Aylal" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabylsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Кошлар – tatarisk" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Кошлар" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%81%BC%E1%80%B0%E1%81%B5%E1%80%BA%E1%82%89" title="ၼူၵ်ႉ – shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="ၼူၵ်ႉ" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/qbhniq" title="qbhniq – atayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="qbhniq" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="atayal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tayal</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B7%E0%B0%BF" title="పక్షి – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="పక్షి" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%81" title="สัตว์ปีก – thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สัตว์ปีก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Паранда – tadsjikisk" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Паранда" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadsjikisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%AF%E1%8E%B8%E1%8F%8D%E1%8E%A9_%E1%8F%A5%E1%8F%8D%E1%8F%86" title="ᎯᎸᏍᎩ ᏥᏍᏆ – cherokesisk" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎯᎸᏍᎩ ᏥᏍᏆ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="cherokesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ve%27kese" title="Ve'kese – cheyenne" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Ve'kese" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="cheyenne" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tsetsêhestâhese</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BF" title="ಪಕ್ಕಿ – tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಪಕ್ಕಿ" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ku%C5%9F" title="Kuş – tyrkisk" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kuş" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="tyrkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gu%C5%9F" title="Guş – turkmensk" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Guş" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turkmensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nnomaa" title="Nnomaa – twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Nnomaa" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="twi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE" title="Тылобурдо – udmurtisk" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Тылобурдо" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="udmurtisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="utmerket artikkel-merke"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B8" title="Птахи – ukrainsk" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Птахи" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%81" title="پرندہ – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="پرندہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%DB%87%D8%B4%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="قۇشلار – uigurisk" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="قۇشلار" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="uigurisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duzroeg" title="Duzroeg – zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Duzroeg" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aves" title="Aves – venetiansk" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Aves" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="venetiansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lindud" title="Lindud – vepsisk" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Lindud" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="vepsisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chim" title="Chim – vietnamesisk" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Chim" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%B6ds" title="Böds – volapyk" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Böds" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapyk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsirk" title="Tsirk – sørestisk" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Tsirk" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="sørestisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oujhea" title="Oujhea – vallonsk" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Oujhea" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="vallonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%B3%A5" title="鳥 – klassisk kinesisk" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="鳥" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="klassisk kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veugel" title="Veugel – vestflamsk" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Veugel" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="vestflamsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamsi" title="Tamsi – waray-waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Tamsi" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray-waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%B8%9F" title="鸟 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="鸟" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%99%D7%92%D7%9C" title="פויגל – jiddisk" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="פויגל" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jiddisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%BA%B8y%E1%BA%B9" title="Ẹyẹ – joruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Ẹyẹ" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="joruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%80" title="雀 – kantonesisk" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="雀" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C4%B1ri%C3%A7%C4%B1ki" title="Mıriçıki – dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Mıriçıki" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veugels" title="Veugels – zeeuws" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Veugels" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="zeeuws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pauk%C5%A1t%C4%93" title="Paukštē – samogitisk" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Paukštē" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="samogitisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%B8%9F" title="鸟 – kinesisk" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="鸟" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bdr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bdr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memanuk" title="Memanuk – bajaw" lang="bdr" hreflang="bdr" data-title="Memanuk" data-language-autonym="Bajau Sama" data-language-local-name="bajaw" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bajau Sama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tombolog" title="Tombolog – sentraldusun" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Tombolog" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="sentraldusun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kadazandusun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burung" title="Burung – iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Burung" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="iban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-knc mw-list-item"><a href="https://knc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C3%BAd%C3%B2" title="Ngúdò – Central Kanuri" lang="knc" hreflang="knc" data-title="Ngúdò" data-language-autonym="Yerwa Kanuri" data-language-local-name="Central Kanuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yerwa Kanuri</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tdd mw-list-item"><a href="https://tdd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%A5%98%E1%A5%A8%E1%A5%90" title="ᥘᥨᥐ – tai nüa" lang="tdd" hreflang="tdd" data-title="ᥘᥨᥐ" data-language-autonym="ᥖᥭᥰ ᥖᥬᥲ ᥑᥨᥒᥰ" data-language-local-name="tai nüa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᥖᥭᥰ ᥖᥬᥲ ᥑᥨᥒᥰ</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q5113#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Rediger lenker til artikkelen på andre språk" class="wbc-editpage">Rediger lenker</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Navnerom"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Fugler" title="Vis innholdssiden [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikkel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Diskusjon:Fugler" rel="discussion" title="Diskusjon om innholdssiden [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Diskusjon</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Bytt språkvariant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">norsk bokmål</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Visninger"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Fugler"><span>Les</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fugler&veaction=edit" title="Rediger siden [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Rediger</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fugler&action=edit" title="Rediger kildekoden for denne siden [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Rediger kilde</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fugler&action=history" title="Tidligere sideversjoner av denne siden [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Vis historikk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sideverktøy"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Verktøy" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Verktøy</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Verktøy</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">skjul</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Flere alternativer" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Handlinger </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Fugler"><span>Les</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fugler&veaction=edit" title="Rediger siden [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Rediger</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fugler&action=edit" title="Rediger kildekoden for denne siden [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Rediger kilde</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fugler&action=history"><span>Vis historikk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" 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th{text-align:left;font-weight:bold;border:none;padding-left:3px;padding-right:3px;padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.1em}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.rad td{text-align:left;font-weight:normal;border:none;padding-left:3px;padding-right:3px;padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.1em;background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.rad td.center{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.rad td.headercenter{text-align:center;font-weight:bold;border:none;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.1em;background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.hode th{padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.1em}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.bilde td{text-align:center;font-weight:normal;border:none;padding-left:3px;padding-right:3px;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.overskrift td{text-align:center;font-weight:bold;background-color:#eee;border:none;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.1em}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.geografi tr.overskrift th{background-color:#f9f9f9;color:black}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.biografi tr.overskrift th{background-color:#f9f9f9;color:black}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.transport tr.overskrift th{background-color:#f9f9f9;color:black}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.bygning tr.overskrift th{background-color:#f9f9f9;color:black}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.infrastruktur tr.overskrift th{background-color:#f9f9f9;color:black}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.bred tr.overskrift td{font-size:larger}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.ekstrabred tr.overskrift td{font-size:larger}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.bordered tr.rad th{border-bottom:1px solid #ccc}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.bordered tr.rad td{border-bottom:1px solid #ccc}</style><table class="infobox infoboks"><tbody><tr class="hode overskrift"><th colspan="4">Fugler </th></tr> <tr class="bilde"><td colspan="4" class="sentrert"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Fossekall_-_White-throated_Dipper_(Cinclus_cinclus)_from_Lista,_Norway.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Fossekall_-_White-throated_Dipper_%28Cinclus_cinclus%29_from_Lista%2C_Norway.JPG/250px-Fossekall_-_White-throated_Dipper_%28Cinclus_cinclus%29_from_Lista%2C_Norway.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Fossekall_-_White-throated_Dipper_%28Cinclus_cinclus%29_from_Lista%2C_Norway.JPG/375px-Fossekall_-_White-throated_Dipper_%28Cinclus_cinclus%29_from_Lista%2C_Norway.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Fossekall_-_White-throated_Dipper_%28Cinclus_cinclus%29_from_Lista%2C_Norway.JPG/500px-Fossekall_-_White-throated_Dipper_%28Cinclus_cinclus%29_from_Lista%2C_Norway.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1300" data-file-height="987" /></a></span><div class="thumbcaption"><small><a href="/wiki/Fossekall" title="Fossekall">Fossekall</a> – <a href="/wiki/Norges_nasjonalfugl" class="mw-redirect" title="Norges nasjonalfugl">Norges nasjonalfugl</a></small></div> </td></tr> <tr class="overskrift"><td colspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Nomenklatur_(biologi)" title="Nomenklatur (biologi)">Nomenklatur</a></td></tr> <tr class="rad"><td colspan="4" class="center">Aves<br /><small><a href="/wiki/Carl_von_Linn%C3%A9" title="Carl von Linné">L.</a>, <a href="/wiki/1758" title="1758">1758</a></small> </td></tr> <tr class="overskrift"><td colspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Synonym_(taksonomi)" title="Synonym (taksonomi)">Synonymi</a></td></tr> <tr class="rad"><td colspan="4" class="center"><b>Neornithes</b><br /><small><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hans_Friedrich_Gadow&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hans Friedrich Gadow (ikke skrevet ennå)">Gadow</a>, 1893</small></td></tr><tr class="overskrift"><td colspan="4">Populærnavn</td></tr> <tr class="rad"><td colspan="4" class="">fugler, <br />nåtidsfugler, <br />nålevende fugler</td></tr><tr class="overskrift"><td colspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Biologisk_klassifikasjon" title="Biologisk klassifikasjon">Klassifikasjon</a></td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2">Rike</th><td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Dyr" title="Dyr">Dyr</a> </td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2">Rekke</th><td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Ryggstrengdyr" title="Ryggstrengdyr">Ryggstrengdyr</a> </td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2">Gruppe</th><td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Ornithurae" title="Ornithurae">Ornithurae</a> </td></tr> <tr class="overskrift"><td colspan="4"><a href="/wiki/%C3%98kologi" title="Økologi">Økologi</a> </td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Art#Artstall" title="Art">Antall arter</a>: </th><td colspan="2"><span class="nowrap">10 900+</span><sup id="cite_ref-Clements_et_al._(2022)_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Clements_et_al._(2022)-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Gill,_Donsker_&_Rasmussen_(2022)_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gill,_Donsker_&_Rasmussen_(2022)-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Habitat" title="Habitat">Habitat</a>: </th><td colspan="2">alle </td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2">Utbredelse: </th><td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Kosmopolitisk_utbredelse" title="Kosmopolitisk utbredelse">kosmopolitisk</a> </td></tr> <tr class="overskrift"><td colspan="4">Inndelt i</td></tr> <tr class="rad"> <td colspan="4"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Primitive_n%C3%A5tidsfugler" title="Primitive nåtidsfugler">primitive nåtidsfugler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moderne_n%C3%A5tidsfugler" title="Moderne nåtidsfugler">moderne nåtidsfugler</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Fugler</b> (Aves) eller <b>nåtidsfugler</b> (Neornithes) er tobeinte, <a href="/wiki/Jevnvarm" title="Jevnvarm">varmblodige</a> <a href="/wiki/Virveldyr" title="Virveldyr">virveldyr</a> som nedstammer fra de <a href="/wiki/Skjell_(anatomi)" title="Skjell (anatomi)">skjellkledte</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%98gler" class="mw-redirect" title="Øgler">øglelignende</a> <a href="/wiki/Sauropsider" title="Sauropsider">sauropsidene</a>. Det største særtrekket hos fugler er at <a href="/wiki/Kropp" class="mw-redirect" title="Kropp">kroppen</a> er tilnærmet fullstendig dekket av <a href="/wiki/Fj%C3%A6r" title="Fjær">fjær</a> (<a href="/wiki/Fj%C3%A6rdrakt" title="Fjærdrakt">fjærdrakt</a>), noe man ellers ikke finner hos noen andre grupper med <a href="/wiki/Dyr" title="Dyr">dyr</a>. Ellers karakteriseres fugler av et <a href="/wiki/Hode" title="Hode">hode</a> der <a href="/wiki/Munn" title="Munn">munnen</a> former et <a href="/wiki/Nebb" title="Nebb">nebb</a> av <a href="/wiki/Hornstoff" class="mw-redirect" title="Hornstoff">hornstoff</a>, forlemmer som er omdannet til <a href="/wiki/Vinge" title="Vinge">vinger</a>, en kropp som ender i en <a href="/wiki/Gump" title="Gump">gump</a> (en forlenget bakbart omdannet fra en kort øglelignende <a href="/wiki/Hale" title="Hale">hale</a>) og en mer eller mindre prominent <a href="/wiki/Stjert" class="mw-redirect" title="Stjert">stjert</a>, og et <a href="/wiki/Skjelett" title="Skjelett">skjelett</a> med en forsterket hul konstruksjon, som reduserer vekten betraktelig i forhold til størrelsen. Den siste resten av skjellkledningen som dekket fuglenes fjerne <a href="/wiki/Forfedre" class="mw-redirect" title="Forfedre">forfedre</a>, finnes i dag kun på føttene, men skjellene har hos noen <a href="/wiki/Art" title="Art">arter</a> i stor grad blitt erstattet med fjær. En av fuglenes mest framtredende egenskaper er at det lette skjelettet og de fjærkledde forlemmene (vingene) gjør de fleste artene i stand til sveve (fly) i luften. Alle nålevende arter antas å stamme fra en felles vegetarisk <a href="/wiki/Progenitor" class="mw-redirect" title="Progenitor">stamform</a> som mistet tennene sine for omtrent 116 millioner år siden.<sup id="cite_ref-Sjøgren_(2013)_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sjøgren_(2013)-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Pittalwala_(2014)_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pittalwala_(2014)-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hvor mange arter med fugler som finnes avhenger av hvordan man definerer artsbegrepet, noe som kan variere litt mellom ulike forskere. <a href="/wiki/Birds_of_the_World" title="Birds of the World">Birds of the World</a>, som er verdens største online fugleleksikon, følger den såkalte <a href="/wiki/Clementslista" class="mw-redirect" title="Clementslista">Clementslista</a> og regner per oktober 2022 med mer enn 10 900 fuglearter i verden.<sup id="cite_ref-Clements_et_al._(2022)_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Clements_et_al._(2022)-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Clementslista følges blant annet av <a href="/wiki/IUCN" class="mw-redirect" title="IUCN">IUCN</a> og <a href="/wiki/IUCNs_r%C3%B8dliste" title="IUCNs rødliste">IUCNs rødliste</a>. Det knytter seg imidlertid en del usikkerhet til noen av artene. For cirka 9,6 % av artene har man tilnærmet ingen kunnskap.<sup id="cite_ref-Clements_et_al._(2022)_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Clements_et_al._(2022)-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cirka 1,4 % av artene regnes dessuten som <a href="/wiki/Utd%C3%B8dd" class="mw-redirect" title="Utdødd">utdødd</a> etter år 1500.<sup id="cite_ref-Clements_et_al._(2022)_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Clements_et_al._(2022)-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Et alternativ til Clementslista er den såkalte <a href="/wiki/IOC_World_Bird_List" class="mw-redirect" title="IOC World Bird List">IOC World Bird List</a>, som blant annet følges av <a href="/wiki/BirdLife_Norge" title="BirdLife Norge">BirdLife Norge</a>. Også IOC World Bird List regner med mer enn 10 900 fuglearter.<sup id="cite_ref-Gill,_Donsker_&_Rasmussen_(2022)_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gill,_Donsker_&_Rasmussen_(2022)-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Fuglene varierer ekstremt mye i størrelse. Den minste nålevende arten er <a href="/wiki/Bikolibri" title="Bikolibri">bikolibri</a> som kun veier omkring <span class="nowrap">2 g</span>, mens den største er <a href="/wiki/Struts" class="mw-redirect" title="Struts">strutsen</a> som kan veie opp mot <span class="nowrap">150 kg</span>. Struts kan således altså veie <span class="nowrap">75 000</span> ganger mer enn en bikolibri. I <a href="/wiki/Norge" title="Norge">Norge</a> hekker det per 2015 ifølge <a href="/wiki/Norsk_Ornitologisk_Forening" class="mw-redirect" title="Norsk Ornitologisk Forening">Norsk Ornitologisk Forening</a> cirka 45 millioner par, hvorav <a href="/wiki/L%C3%B8vsanger" title="Løvsanger">løvsanger</a> (<i>Phylloscopus trochilus</i>) er den mest tallrike hekkearten med omkring <span class="nowrap">4,5–11</span> millioner hekkende par.<sup id="cite_ref-Øien_&_Shimmings_(2015)_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Øien_&_Shimmings_(2015)-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Fugler er svært forskjellige, også med hensyn til ernæring. De fleste artene er dagaktive, men noen er også nattaktive, for eksempel <a href="/wiki/Ugler" title="Ugler">ugler</a>. Noen arter er svært gode flygere som kan være på vingene i flere år (<a href="/wiki/Seilere" class="mw-redirect" title="Seilere">seilere</a>), uten å være nedenom landjorden, mens andre tilbringer hele eller store deler av livet på bakken (<a href="/wiki/Terrestrisk" title="Terrestrisk">terrestrisk</a>), i trærne (<a href="/wiki/Trelevende" title="Trelevende">trelevende</a>) eller i tilknytning til <a href="/wiki/Vann" title="Vann">vann</a> (<a href="/wiki/Limnisk" title="Limnisk">limnisk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marin" title="Marin">marin</a> eller <a href="/wiki/Akvatisk" title="Akvatisk">akvatisk</a>). Størst <a href="/wiki/Biologisk_mangfold" title="Biologisk mangfold">biologisk mangfold</a> har fuglene i <a href="/wiki/Tropisk_klima" title="Tropisk klima">tropisk</a> og <a href="/wiki/Subtropisk_klima" title="Subtropisk klima">subtropisk klima</a>, men de er også godt tilpasset <a href="/wiki/Temperert_klima" title="Temperert klima">temperert</a> og <a href="/wiki/Arktisk_klima" title="Arktisk klima">arktisk klima</a>. Fuglene har dessuten tilpasset seg alle typer <a href="/wiki/Habitat" title="Habitat">habitat</a>, også de mest ekstreme (som <a href="/wiki/Saltsj%C3%B8" title="Saltsjø">saltsjøer</a>, isødet i <a href="/wiki/Antarktika" title="Antarktika">Antarktika</a>, og den ekstremt tørre <a href="/wiki/Atacama%C3%B8rkenen" title="Atacamaørkenen">Atacamaørkenen</a> i <a href="/wiki/Andes" title="Andes">Andes</a>), og de er spredd ut over alle klodens åtte <a href="/wiki/%C3%98kosone" title="Økosone">økosoner</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Evolusjon">Evolusjon</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fugler&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Rediger avsnitt: Evolusjon" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fugler&action=edit&section=1" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Evolusjon"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Hoatzins_in_Ecuador.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Hoatzins_in_Ecuador.jpg/250px-Hoatzins_in_Ecuador.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Hoatzins_in_Ecuador.jpg/375px-Hoatzins_in_Ecuador.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Hoatzins_in_Ecuador.jpg/500px-Hoatzins_in_Ecuador.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3600" data-file-height="2400" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Hoatzin_(fugl)" title="Hoatzin (fugl)">Hoatzin</a> er eneste gjenlevende representant for <a href="/wiki/Verdens_eldste_slektslinje_med_n%C3%A5levende_fugler" class="mw-redirect" title="Verdens eldste slektslinje med nålevende fugler">verdens eldste slektslinje med nålevende fugler</a>. Antatt å representere ei linje som er rundt <span class="nowrap">64 millioner</span> år gammel. Arten har også et eiendommelig <a href="/wiki/Ford%C3%B8yelsessystem" title="Fordøyelsessystem">fordøyelsessystem</a>, som påminner om <a href="/wiki/Dr%C3%B8vtyggere" title="Drøvtyggere">drøvtyggere</a><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23957101">.mw-parser-output .byline{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .byline .hidden{display:none}</style><div class="byline"><span class="hidden"> </span> (<i>Opisthocomus hoazin</i>)</div></figcaption></figure> <p>Fuglenes nærmeste nålevende <a href="/wiki/Slektskap_(evolusjon)" title="Slektskap (evolusjon)">slektninger</a> er <a href="/wiki/Krokodiller" title="Krokodiller">krokodillene</a>. Blant <a href="/wiki/Fossil" title="Fossil">fossile</a> arter ligger <a href="/wiki/Dinosaurer" title="Dinosaurer">dinosaurene</a> nærmest, da fuglene er direkte etterkommere av små rovdinosaurer. </p><p>Vanligvis regnes <a href="/wiki/Urfugl" class="mw-redirect" title="Urfugl">urfuglen</a> (<i>Archaeopteryx lithographica</i>) som den første fugl.<sup id="cite_ref-Padian_&_Chiappe_(1997)_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Padian_&_Chiappe_(1997)-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dette fordi denne arten, som levde i <a href="/wiki/Jura_(geologi)" title="Jura (geologi)">jura</a> (for cirka 150 millioner år siden), allerede hadde fjær. I senere tid har man også funnet dinosaurer som åpenbart hadde fjær, men <i>Archaeopteryx</i> er den eldste slekten man kjenner med lange vingefjær, og ekspertene er generelt enige om at den kunne fly. Likevel skilte den seg fra dagens fugler ved å ha munn med <a href="/wiki/Tann" title="Tann">tenner</a> i stedet for nebb, tre frie klør på vingene og en lang hale med knokler, ikke bare halefjær som moderne fugler. Spørsmålet om hva som er den første fuglen, er derved et rent skjønnsspørsmål som bare gjelder <i>navnet</i> «fugl», selve slektskapsforholdene mellom disse gruppene er i det store og hele fullstendig ubestridt. </p><p>Fossiler tyder på at fuglenes forfedre på et tidspunkt levde i trær og benyttet seg av både for- og baklemmer, som alle var utformet som vinger, når de beveget seg gjennom luften. Senere begynte noen av dem å leve på bakken, slik at baklemmene ble spesialisert til å gå og løpe, mens forlemmene ble brukt som vinger.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biologi">Biologi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fugler&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Rediger avsnitt: Biologi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fugler&action=edit&section=2" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Biologi"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Bee_hummingbird_(Mellisuga_helenae)_adult_male_in_flight.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Bee_hummingbird_%28Mellisuga_helenae%29_adult_male_in_flight.jpg/250px-Bee_hummingbird_%28Mellisuga_helenae%29_adult_male_in_flight.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Bee_hummingbird_%28Mellisuga_helenae%29_adult_male_in_flight.jpg/375px-Bee_hummingbird_%28Mellisuga_helenae%29_adult_male_in_flight.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Bee_hummingbird_%28Mellisuga_helenae%29_adult_male_in_flight.jpg/500px-Bee_hummingbird_%28Mellisuga_helenae%29_adult_male_in_flight.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3792" data-file-height="2528" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Bikolibri" title="Bikolibri">Bikolibrien</a> er trolig <a href="/wiki/Verdens_minste_fugl" class="mw-redirect" title="Verdens minste fugl">verdens minste fugl</a> og er ikke stort større enn ei <a href="/wiki/Bie" class="mw-disambig" title="Bie">bie</a>. Den har allikevel noen fantastiske flyferdigheter<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23957101"><div class="byline"><span class="hidden"> </span> (<i>Mellisuga helenae</i>)</div></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:SwansCygnus_olor_edit3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/SwansCygnus_olor_edit3.jpg/250px-SwansCygnus_olor_edit3.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/SwansCygnus_olor_edit3.jpg/375px-SwansCygnus_olor_edit3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/SwansCygnus_olor_edit3.jpg/500px-SwansCygnus_olor_edit3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1201" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Knoppsvane" title="Knoppsvane">Knoppsvanene</a> er blant de største fuglene som kan fly<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23957101"><div class="byline"><span class="hidden"> </span> (<i>Cygnus olor</i>)</div></figcaption></figure> <p>Fugler har et hardt nebb uten <a href="/wiki/Tann" title="Tann">tenner</a> og et lett, men sterkt skjelett. Armene eller de fremre lemmene har blitt omdannet til vinger og kroppen er dekket av fjær, i ei såkalt fjærdrakt. Fugler har høyt <a href="/wiki/Stoffskifte" title="Stoffskifte">stoffskifte</a> og legger <a href="/wiki/Fugleegg" title="Fugleegg">egg</a> med hardt skall. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Flygeevne">Flygeevne</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fugler&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Rediger avsnitt: Flygeevne" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fugler&action=edit&section=3" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Flygeevne"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De aller fleste fugler kan fly, selv om enkelte arter, særlig arter som har blitt isolert på øyer uten naturlige <a href="/wiki/Predator" class="mw-redirect" title="Predator">predatorer</a> eller har blitt spesielt storvokste, har mistet flygeevnen. Verdens største nålevende fugl er <a href="/wiki/Struts" class="mw-redirect" title="Struts">struts</a> (<i>Struthio camelus</i>), som kan veie mer enn <span class="nowrap">150 kg</span> og bli opp mot <span class="nowrap">275 cm</span> høy, men den tilhører en gruppe fugler (<a href="/wiki/Strutsefugler" title="Strutsefugler">strutsefugler</a>) som er alt for store til å kunne fly. Til gjengjeld er disse fuglene svært hurtige til bens. De største (altså tyngste) fuglene som kan fly er <a href="/wiki/Trapper" class="mw-redirect" title="Trapper">trapper</a> (<a href="/wiki/Koritrappe" title="Koritrappe">koritrappe</a> og <a href="/wiki/Stortrappe" title="Stortrappe">stortrappe</a> kan veie opp mot <span class="nowrap">19 kg</span>) og <a href="/wiki/Svaner" title="Svaner">svaner</a> (<a href="/wiki/Knoppsvane" title="Knoppsvane">knoppsvane</a> kan veie opp mot <span class="nowrap">15 kg</span>). </p><p>Av andre fugler som ikke kan fly, kan nevnes <a href="/wiki/Pingviner" title="Pingviner">pingviner</a>, som i stedet har utviklet flygeevnen til å svømme med (de «flyr» når de dykker), samt rariteter som de særegne <a href="/wiki/Kivier" class="mw-redirect" title="Kivier">kiviene</a> (<i>Apteryx</i>) og <a href="/wiki/Kakapo" title="Kakapo">kakapoen</a> (<i>Strigops habroptila</i>) på <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Storfotrikse" title="Storfotrikse">storfotrikse</a> (<i>Megacrex inepta</i>), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Galapagosskarv&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Galapagosskarv (ikke skrevet ennå)">galapagosskarv</a> (<i>Phalacrocorax harrisi</i>) og <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chileskovleand&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chileskovleand (ikke skrevet ennå)">chileskovleand</a> (<i>Tachyeres pteneres</i>) med flere. Mange arter har dessuten redusert flygeevne, som oftest for å kunne kompensere for andre behov fuglene har, for eksempel for bedre å kunne dykke i vann eller klatre på greiner i trær. </p><p>Flygeløse fugler mangler ofte et naturlig forsvar mot predatorer og har opp gjennom århundrene gjerne blitt offer for utryddelse, når mennesker og deres <a href="/wiki/Kj%C3%A6ledyr" title="Kjæledyr">kjæledyr</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tamkatt" title="Tamkatt">katter</a> og <a href="/wiki/Tamhund" title="Tamhund">hunder</a>, som er <a href="/wiki/Rovpattedyr" title="Rovpattedyr">rovpattedyr</a>), har innvandret til fuglenes leveområder, som tradisjonelt aldri har hatt naturlige predatorer. </p><p>Noen arter har også utviklet flygeevnen i motsatt retning, til det ekstreme. Det gjelder for eksempel fugler i gruppene med <a href="/wiki/Seilere" class="mw-redirect" title="Seilere">seilere</a> og <a href="/wiki/Kolibrier" title="Kolibrier">kolibrier</a>. Noen seilere kan være på vingene i opp mot tre år i ett strekk. De eter, sover og parer seg i luften, og lander kun i forbindelse med eggleggingen. Kolibriene på sin side har utviklet flygingen til et kunststykke; de kan både hovre (altså henge stille i luften) og fly sideveis og baklengs, samt rett opp og ned, som det passer seg. Siden kolibriene for det meste eter <a href="/wiki/Nektar" title="Nektar">nektar</a> fra vanskelig tilgjengelige <a href="/wiki/Blomster" class="mw-redirect" title="Blomster">blomster</a>, har denne særegne og svært <a href="/wiki/Energi" title="Energi">energikrevende</a> måten å fly på vært nødvendig å utvikle for å komme til næringskildene. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Åndedrett"><span id=".C3.85ndedrett"></span>Åndedrett</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fugler&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Rediger avsnitt: Åndedrett" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fugler&action=edit&section=4" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Åndedrett"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Fugler har 9 par <a href="/w/index.php?title=Luftsekk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luftsekk (ikke skrevet ennå)">luftsekker</a> i tillegg til <a href="/wiki/Luftr%C3%B8r" title="Luftrør">luftrør</a> og <a href="/wiki/Lunge" title="Lunge">lunger</a>. Disse luftsekkene er festet både i den fremre og den bakre enden av fuglen. Lungene hos en fugl består ikke av <a href="/wiki/Alveol" title="Alveol">alveoler</a>. De har lange rør som luften går rett gjennom. Dermed får de frisk luft i lungene hele tiden, i stedet for at gammel luft blir igjen i lungene slik det gjør hos mennesket. Særlig i stor høyde kommer denne mekanismen til sin rett, da det gjelder å oppta tilstrekkelig <a href="/wiki/Oksygen" title="Oksygen">oksygen</a> fra lufta når de flyr. I strupehodet hvor luftrøret deler seg i to bronkier finner vi stemmeapparatet deres, kalt syrinx (fuglene mangler stemmebånd). </p><p><a href="/wiki/Respirasjon" title="Respirasjon">Respirasjonssyklusen</a> består således av fire faser: </p> <ul><li>Når fuglen puster inn første gang, går luften til de bakre luftsekkene.</li> <li>Når fuglen puster ut, går luften videre til lungene.</li> <li>Når fuglen puster inn igjen, går luften videre til de fremre luftsekkene, mens ny luft kommer inn i de bakre luftsekkene.</li> <li>Når fuglen puster ut, går luften fra de fremre luftsekkene ut via luftrøret, mens luften fra de bakre luftsekkene går inn i lungene.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sanseorganene">Sanseorganene</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fugler&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Rediger avsnitt: Sanseorganene" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fugler&action=edit&section=5" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Sanseorganene"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Papageitaucher_Fratercula_arctica_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Papageitaucher_Fratercula_arctica_02.jpg/250px-Papageitaucher_Fratercula_arctica_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="312" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Papageitaucher_Fratercula_arctica_02.jpg/375px-Papageitaucher_Fratercula_arctica_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Papageitaucher_Fratercula_arctica_02.jpg/500px-Papageitaucher_Fratercula_arctica_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2037" data-file-height="2546" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Lunde_(fugl)" title="Lunde (fugl)">Lunde</a> kalles også <a href="/wiki/Sj%C3%B8papeg%C3%B8ye" class="mw-redirect" title="Sjøpapegøye">sjøpapegøye</a>, fordi det ellers så grå <a href="/wiki/Nebb" title="Nebb">nebbet</a> får sånn fargeprakt i <a href="/wiki/Hekketid" class="mw-redirect" title="Hekketid">hekketiden</a>. Arten er en <a href="/wiki/Pelagisk_dykkende_sj%C3%B8fugl" class="mw-redirect" title="Pelagisk dykkende sjøfugl">pelagisk dykkende sjøfugl</a> som kommer inn til klippeøyer langs kysten av Norge for å <a href="/wiki/Hekking" title="Hekking">hekke</a><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23957101"><div class="byline"><span class="hidden"> </span> (<i>Fratercula arctica</i>)</div></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Øyet"><span id=".C3.98yet"></span>Øyet</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fugler&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Rediger avsnitt: Øyet" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fugler&action=edit&section=6" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Øyet"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Øyet hos fuglene har i motsetning til øyet hos pattedyr ikke en rund form, men en konkav. Dette gir mindre bevegelsesfrihet, men desto bedre syn. En ring av små bein rundt hvert øye gir feste for øyemusklene. Fugleøyet ser ut til å være det best utviklete av alle virveldyrøyne. </p><p>Selv om fuglene er utstyrt med både et øvre og et nedre <a href="/wiki/%C3%98yelokk" title="Øyelokk">øyelokk</a>, bruker nesten alle en egen <a href="/wiki/Blinkhinne" title="Blinkhinne">blinkhinne</a> for å blunke. <a href="/wiki/Ugler" title="Ugler">Ugler</a> er blant de få som blunker på samme måte som pattedyrene. Blinkhinnen beskytter øyet under flyging, og fungerer både som «<a href="/wiki/Solbrille" class="mw-redirect" title="Solbrille">solbrille</a>» og beskyttelse mot vær og vind. Hos dykkende fugler kan blinkehinnen til og med brukes som «dykkerbrille». Den bidrar til skarpt syn under vann, i tillegg til at fuglene ofte har en svært fleksibel linse som kan krummes nok til å se skarpt både i vann og i luft. </p><p>Fuglene har dessuten to <a href="/wiki/Fovea" class="mw-redirect" title="Fovea">fovea</a> på netthinnen, i motsetning til mennesker som bare har en. Det bidrar til ytterligere skarpsyn. Dagaktive fugler kan dessuten oppfatte både <a href="/wiki/Ultrafiolett_str%C3%A5ling" title="Ultrafiolett stråling">ultrafiolett lys</a> og <a href="/wiki/Polarisering_(elektromagnetisme)" title="Polarisering (elektromagnetisme)">polarisert lys</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Øret"><span id=".C3.98ret"></span>Øret</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fugler&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Rediger avsnitt: Øret" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fugler&action=edit&section=7" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Øret"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Som hos alle <a href="/wiki/Tetrapoder" class="mw-redirect" title="Tetrapoder">tetrapoder</a>, med unntak av pattedyrene, har fuglene bare et øreben. Sneglehuset er ikke spiralformet som hos pattedyr (kloakkdyr har heller ikke spiralformet sneglehus), og ytre ører mangler. Uglenes karakteristiske ansikt har imidlertid samme funksjon som pattedyrenes ytre øre; å kanalisere lyden inn i øregangene. I tillegg er øreåpningene deres asymmetriske, hvilket gir dem tredimensjonal hørsel. Dette kombinert med en meget skarp hørsel gjør dem i stand til å oppdage og fange byttedyr selv uten å se dem, for eksempel under snøen. Andre fugler er i stand til å høre meget lavfrekvente lyder, noe som hjelper dem med navigeringen når de flyr ved at de gjenkjenner «<a href="/wiki/Lydlandskap" title="Lydlandskap">lydlandskap</a>» som er karakteristiske for ulike områder i trekkruten. Fugler som hekker i huler, fortrinnsvis <a href="/wiki/Fettfugl" title="Fettfugl">fettfuglen</a> (<i>Steatornis caripensis</i>) og en gruppe fugler innen <a href="/wiki/Seilerfamilien" title="Seilerfamilien">seilerfamilien</a>, <a href="/wiki/Collocaliini" title="Collocaliini">Collocaliini</a> (salanganer), har som enkelte pattedyr utviklet <a href="/wiki/Ekkolokalisering" title="Ekkolokalisering">ekkolokalisering</a> til å orientere seg med i stummende mørke. Det er i tillegg indisier på at pingviner er i stand til å oppdage byttedyr via ekkolokalisering. </p><p>Fuglenes hørsel svekkes ikke med alderen ettersom hårcellene i det indre øret er i stand til å fornyes etter hvert som de gamle slites ut. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kloakken">Kloakken</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fugler&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Rediger avsnitt: Kloakken" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fugler&action=edit&section=8" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Kloakken"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Dunnocks_cloaca_pecking.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Dunnocks_cloaca_pecking.jpg/250px-Dunnocks_cloaca_pecking.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Dunnocks_cloaca_pecking.jpg/375px-Dunnocks_cloaca_pecking.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Dunnocks_cloaca_pecking.jpg/500px-Dunnocks_cloaca_pecking.jpg 2x" data-file-width="840" data-file-height="574" /></a><figcaption>To <a href="/wiki/Jernspurv" title="Jernspurv">jernspurver</a> som utfører litt hygiene. Fuglenes <a href="/wiki/Kloakk_(zoologi)" title="Kloakk (zoologi)">kloakkåpning</a> sitter like under <a href="/wiki/Stjert" class="mw-redirect" title="Stjert">stjerten</a><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23957101"><div class="byline"><span class="hidden"> </span> (<i>Prunella modularis</i>)</div></figcaption></figure> <dl><dd><i>Utdypende artikkel: <a href="/wiki/Kloakk_(zoologi)" title="Kloakk (zoologi)">Kloakk</a></i></dd></dl> <p>Fugler og mange andre dyr har en felles åpning for <a href="/wiki/Avf%C3%B8ring" title="Avføring">avføring</a>, <a href="/wiki/Befruktning" title="Befruktning">befruktning</a> og <a href="/wiki/Egglegging" class="mw-redirect" title="Egglegging">egglegging</a>, i likhet med <a href="/wiki/Kloakkdyr" title="Kloakkdyr">kloakkdyrene</a> (Monotremata). Åpningen kalles <a href="/wiki/Kloakk_(zoologi)" title="Kloakk (zoologi)">kloakk</a>. Kloakken betegner den bakerste delen av <a href="/wiki/Endetarm" title="Endetarm">endetarmen</a> hos <a href="/wiki/Virveldyr" title="Virveldyr">virveldyr</a>, når avgangen fra <a href="/wiki/Nyre" title="Nyre">nyrer</a> (<a href="/wiki/Urin" title="Urin">urin</a>) og <a href="/wiki/Kj%C3%B8nnsorgan" title="Kjønnsorgan">kjønnsorganer</a> (<a href="/wiki/Eggcelle" class="mw-redirect" title="Eggcelle">eggceller</a> og/eller <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A6dcelle" class="mw-redirect" title="Sædcelle">sædceller</a>) munner ut i denne delen av <a href="/wiki/Tarm" class="mw-redirect" title="Tarm">tarmen</a> før det tømmes ut av kroppens eneste åpning – kloakken.<sup id="cite_ref-SNL_(2009)_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SNL_(2009)-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reproduksjon">Reproduksjon</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fugler&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Rediger avsnitt: Reproduksjon" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fugler&action=edit&section=9" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Reproduksjon"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Omkring 97 prosent av alle fugler mangler kjønnsorganer i normal forstand. Hos disse artene leverer hannen sædcellene i hunnens kloakkåpning. Det skjer gjennom at hannen plasserer sin kloakkåpning mot hunnens, og akten er en heller kortvarig affære.<sup id="cite_ref-Carboneras_&_Kirwan_(2018)_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carboneras_&_Kirwan_(2018)-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hos omkring tre prosent av artene er imidlertid ting litt annerledes. Hos disse har nemlig hannen et utkrengbart <a href="/wiki/Penis" title="Penis">penislignende</a> paringsorgan, i likhet med sine forfedre <a href="/wiki/Krypdyr" title="Krypdyr">krypdyrene</a>. Dette gjelder blant annet for <a href="/wiki/Tinamuer" class="mw-redirect" title="Tinamuer">tinamuer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hokkoer" title="Hokkoer">hokkoer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gjeterfugler" title="Gjeterfugler">gjeterfugler</a>, <a href="/wiki/Strutsefugler" title="Strutsefugler">strutsefugler</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flamingoer" title="Flamingoer">flamingoer</a> og mange <a href="/wiki/Andrik" class="mw-redirect" title="Andrik">andriker</a> (<a href="/wiki/Andefamilien" title="Andefamilien">andefamilien</a>). Disse hannene leverer sædcellene på en mer tradisjonell måte, og hos noen arter kan «redskapen» være enorm i forhold til fuglens størrelse. Det viser seg nemlig, at enkelte arters kjønnsorganer har blitt betydelig større som følge av den evolusjonære utviklingen. Det har rett og slett pågått en kjønnskamp om å ha det største lemmet, altså en kamp om retten til å pare seg. Rekorden (i forhold til artens generelle størrelse) har i så måte ei <a href="/wiki/Trommeand" title="Trommeand">trommeand</a> (<i>Oxyura vittata</i>), med en penis på hele <span class="nowrap">42,5 cm</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-McCracken,_Wilson,_McCracken_&_Johnson_(2001)_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McCracken,_Wilson,_McCracken_&_Johnson_(2001)-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Wathne_(2009)_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wathne_(2009)-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Thomas_(2011)_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thomas_(2011)-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Arten tilhører gruppen av <a href="/wiki/Skarvender" title="Skarvender">skarvender</a> (Oxyurinae), og hele fuglen måler normalt <span class="nowrap">36–46 cm</span> (hannen <span class="nowrap">42–46 cm</span>, med en vekt omkring <span class="nowrap">600–850 g</span>).<sup id="cite_ref-Carboneras_&_Kirwan_(2018)_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carboneras_&_Kirwan_(2018)-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Egglegging">Egglegging</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fugler&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Rediger avsnitt: Egglegging" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fugler&action=edit&section=10" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Egglegging"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><i>Utdypende artikkel: <a href="/wiki/Fugleegg" title="Fugleegg">Fugleegg</a></i></dd></dl> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Amselnest_lokilech.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Amselnest_lokilech.jpg/250px-Amselnest_lokilech.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Amselnest_lokilech.jpg/375px-Amselnest_lokilech.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Amselnest_lokilech.jpg/500px-Amselnest_lokilech.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2134" data-file-height="2138" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Rede" title="Rede">Rede</a> med <a href="/wiki/Fugleegg" title="Fugleegg">egg</a> etter <a href="/wiki/Svarttrost" title="Svarttrost">svarttrost</a><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23957101"><div class="byline"><span class="hidden"> </span> (<i>Turdus merula</i>)</div></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Rosaflamingo-K%C3%BCken_-_Fuetterung_mit_Kropfmilch.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Rosaflamingo-K%C3%BCken_-_Fuetterung_mit_Kropfmilch.jpg/250px-Rosaflamingo-K%C3%BCken_-_Fuetterung_mit_Kropfmilch.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="375" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Rosaflamingo-K%C3%BCken_-_Fuetterung_mit_Kropfmilch.jpg/375px-Rosaflamingo-K%C3%BCken_-_Fuetterung_mit_Kropfmilch.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Rosaflamingo-K%C3%BCken_-_Fuetterung_mit_Kropfmilch.jpg/500px-Rosaflamingo-K%C3%BCken_-_Fuetterung_mit_Kropfmilch.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2336" data-file-height="3504" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Flamingoer" title="Flamingoer">Flamingoene</a> er <a href="/wiki/Filteretere" class="mw-redirect" title="Filteretere">filteretere</a>. Her en <a href="/wiki/Rosenflamingo" title="Rosenflamingo">rosenflamingo</a> som mater avkommet med <a href="/wiki/Kromelk" class="mw-redirect" title="Kromelk">kromelk</a><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23957101"><div class="byline"><span class="hidden"> </span> (<i>Phoenicopterus roseus</i>)</div></figcaption></figure> <p>I motsetning til pattedyr føder ikke fugler levende avkom, men legger <a href="/wiki/Fugleegg" title="Fugleegg">egg</a>. Fuglen har utviklet seg videre fra reptildyr som også legger egg. Hos de fleste artene er det kun den venstre <a href="/wiki/Eggstokk" title="Eggstokk">eggstokken</a> som utvikles og produserer egg, da høyre eggstokk tilbakedannes under utviklingen. Primitive fugler som kivier har imidlertid to funksjonelle <a href="/wiki/Eggstokk" title="Eggstokk">eggstokker</a>. Fuglenes egg representerer høydepunktet av eggets utvikling blant de <a href="/wiki/Ovipari" title="Ovipari">eggleggende</a> virveldyrene (blant anamniotene har de eggleggende bruksfiskene kommet temmelig langt med egg som befinner seg inne i en beskyttende kapsel av hornstoff). De første amniotenes egg hadde ikke hardt skall, i stedet var de dekket av en membranaktig hinne. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Kyllinger">Kyllinger</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fugler&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Rediger avsnitt: Kyllinger" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fugler&action=edit&section=11" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Kyllinger"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nyklekkete kyllinger er utstyrt med en forhornet <a href="/wiki/Eggtann" title="Eggtann">eggtann</a> og enten en drakt av <a href="/wiki/Dun" title="Dun">dun</a> eller en naken hud som blir dekket av dun etter hvert. Selv om eggene i reiret er lagt til forskjellige tider er klekkingen som regel temmelig synkron. Deres temperaturregulering er dårlig, skjønt de takler kulde langt bedre enn varme. Tidligere hadde man kun klart å påvise <a href="/wiki/REM-s%C3%B8vn" title="REM-søvn">REM-søvn</a> hos kyllinger og fikk ut fra at det ikke forekom hos eldre individer, men man har i ettertid også funnet denne typen søvn også hos en del voksne fugler selv om den utgjør en meget liten del av søvnen. Det er derfor mest sannsynlig at REM-søvnen har utviklet seg uavhengig hos fugler og pattedyr. En annen parallell er at fugler er i stand til å sove med bare en hjernehalvdel om gangen dersom situasjonen skulle kreve det akkurat som havpattedyrene, skjønt man enda ikke har påvist fuglenes valgfrihet hos sistnevnte. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Kromelk">Kromelk</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fugler&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Rediger avsnitt: Kromelk" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fugler&action=edit&section=12" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Kromelk"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>I tillegg til virveldyr som pattedyr, et fåtall <a href="/wiki/Ciklider" title="Ciklider">ciklider</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Discuser" class="mw-redirect" title="Discuser">Symphysodon discus</a></i> og <i><a href="/wiki/Uaru" title="Uaru">Uaru</a> amphiacanthoides</i>), <a href="/wiki/Ormepadder" title="Ormepadder">ormepadden</a> <i>Boulengerula taitanus</i> og noen <a href="/wiki/Trefrosker" class="mw-redirect" title="Trefrosker">trefrosker</a> som gir rumpetrollene sine ubefruktede egg, er også noen fugler i stand til å mate avkommet med egenprodusert næring. Denne blir skilt ut av egne kjertler og kalles for <a href="/wiki/Kromelk" class="mw-redirect" title="Kromelk">kromelk</a>. </p><p>Kromelk finner en kun hos <a href="/wiki/Duer" title="Duer">duer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flamingoer" title="Flamingoer">flamingoer</a> og <a href="/wiki/Keiserpingvin" title="Keiserpingvin">keiserpingvinen</a> (selv om <a href="/wiki/Pingviner" title="Pingviner">pingviner</a> mangler <a href="/wiki/Kro_(anatomi)" title="Kro (anatomi)">kro</a>). Den er en tykk væske som gulpes opp og er en fullgod næring tilpasset avkommet i samme grad som tilfellet er hos pattedyr og pattedyrmelk. Siden fenomenet forekommer hos tre forskjellige ordener av fugler med helt ulikt levevis er det klart at kromelk har oppstått tre ganger uavhengig av hverandre. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Taksonomi">Taksonomi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fugler&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Rediger avsnitt: Taksonomi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fugler&action=edit&section=13" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Taksonomi"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Diomedea_exulans_in_flight_-_SE_Tasmania.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Diomedea_exulans_in_flight_-_SE_Tasmania.jpg/250px-Diomedea_exulans_in_flight_-_SE_Tasmania.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Diomedea_exulans_in_flight_-_SE_Tasmania.jpg/375px-Diomedea_exulans_in_flight_-_SE_Tasmania.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Diomedea_exulans_in_flight_-_SE_Tasmania.jpg/500px-Diomedea_exulans_in_flight_-_SE_Tasmania.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5664" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Vandrealbatross" title="Vandrealbatross">Vandrealbatrossen</a> kan ha et <a href="/wiki/Vingespenn" title="Vingespenn">vingespenn</a> på mer enn <span class="nowrap">350 cm</span>, noe som er størst blant alle fugler.<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23957101"><div class="byline"><span class="hidden"> </span> (<i>Diomedea exulans</i>)</div></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Andean_Condor_in_flight.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Andean_Condor_in_flight.jpg/250px-Andean_Condor_in_flight.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Andean_Condor_in_flight.jpg/375px-Andean_Condor_in_flight.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Andean_Condor_in_flight.jpg/500px-Andean_Condor_in_flight.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2911" data-file-height="1941" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Andeskondor" title="Andeskondor">Andeskondor</a> er <a href="/wiki/Verdens_st%C3%B8rste_rovfugl" class="mw-redirect" title="Verdens største rovfugl">verdens største rovfugl</a>, med et <a href="/wiki/Vingespenn" title="Vingespenn">vingespenn</a> opp mot <span class="nowrap">320 cm</span> og en vekt opp mot <span class="nowrap">15 kg</span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23957101"><div class="byline"><span class="hidden"> </span> (<i>Vultur gryphus</i>)</div></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Ardeotis_kori_Etosha.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Ardeotis_kori_Etosha.JPG/250px-Ardeotis_kori_Etosha.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Ardeotis_kori_Etosha.JPG/375px-Ardeotis_kori_Etosha.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Ardeotis_kori_Etosha.JPG/500px-Ardeotis_kori_Etosha.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Koritrappe" title="Koritrappe">Koritrappe</a> er trolig <a href="/wiki/Verdens_tyngste_flygedyktige_fugl" class="mw-redirect" title="Verdens tyngste flygedyktige fugl">verdens tyngste flygedyktige fugl</a>. Hanner kan veie opp mot <span class="nowrap">19 kg</span>, mens hunner gjerne veier det halve eller mindre.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Ostriches_cape_point.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Ostriches_cape_point.jpg/250px-Ostriches_cape_point.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Ostriches_cape_point.jpg/375px-Ostriches_cape_point.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Ostriches_cape_point.jpg/500px-Ostriches_cape_point.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Slettestruts" title="Slettestruts">Slettestruts</a> er <a href="/wiki/Verdens_st%C3%B8rste_n%C3%A5levende_fugl" class="mw-redirect" title="Verdens største nålevende fugl">verdens største nålevende fugl</a>, men den kan ikke fly. Det skyldes først og fremst den enorme vekten (90–156 kg avhengig av kjønn), men også at verken vingene eller <a href="/wiki/Fj%C3%A6rdrakt" title="Fjærdrakt">fjærdrakten</a> lenger er tilpasset livet i luften<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23957101"><div class="byline"><span class="hidden"> </span> (<i>Struthio camelus</i>)</div></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Vorombe_titan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Vorombe_titan.jpg/250px-Vorombe_titan.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="332" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Vorombe_titan.jpg/375px-Vorombe_titan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Vorombe_titan.jpg/500px-Vorombe_titan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="753" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Kjempeelefantfugl" class="mw-redirect" title="Kjempeelefantfugl">Kjempeelefantfuglen</a> på <a href="/wiki/Madagaskar" title="Madagaskar">Madagaskar</a> er den største fuglen som har levd på <a href="/wiki/Jorden" title="Jorden">Jorden</a>. Den var flygeudyktig og kunne trolig veie opp mot 860 kg.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Vorombe_titan_egg.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Vorombe_titan_egg.jpg/250px-Vorombe_titan_egg.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="305" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Vorombe_titan_egg.jpg/375px-Vorombe_titan_egg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Vorombe_titan_egg.jpg/500px-Vorombe_titan_egg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1618" data-file-height="1971" /></a><figcaption>Verdens største fugleegg ble lagt av <a href="/wiki/Kjempeelefantfugl" class="mw-redirect" title="Kjempeelefantfugl">kjempeelefantfuglen</a> <span class="nowrap">(<i>Vorombe titan</i>)</span> og hadde et volum på cirka 9 liter, noe som tilsvarer cirka 160 hønseegg.<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23957101"><div class="byline"><span class="hidden"> </span>Foto: Jan Ove Gjershaug, 2021 </div></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fylogeni">Fylogeni</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fugler&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Rediger avsnitt: Fylogeni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fugler&action=edit&section=14" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Fylogeni"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Det er fortsatt ikke avklart om fugler skal regnes som en egen <a href="/wiki/Klasse_(biologi)" title="Klasse (biologi)">klasse</a> eller en underklasse av <a href="/wiki/Krypdyr" title="Krypdyr">krypdyr</a> (Reptilia), slik Ruggiero <i>et al.</i> (2015) har anbefalt.<sup id="cite_ref-Ruggiero_''et_al.''_(2015)_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ruggiero_''et_al.''_(2015)-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Grunnleggende anetre for fugler, forenklet etter Chiappe, 2007<sup id="cite_ref-Chiappe07_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chiappe07-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="font-size:80%;line-height:90%"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:1.5em;border-bottom:1px solid black;" valign="bottom" align="center"><a href="/wiki/Avialae" title="Avialae">Avialae</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" style=""> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:1.5em;border-bottom:1px solid black;" valign="bottom" align="center"><br /></td> <td rowspan="2"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Urfugler" title="Urfugler">Archaeopteryx</a></i> (urfugler) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid black;" valign="top"><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid black; border-bottom:1px solid black;" valign="bottom" align="center"> <a href="/wiki/Pygostylia" title="Pygostylia">Pygostylia</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" style=""> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:1.5em;border-bottom:1px solid black;" valign="bottom" align="center"><br /></td> <td rowspan="2"> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Confuciusornithidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Confuciusornithidae (ikke skrevet ennå)">Confuciusornithidae</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid black;" valign="top"><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid black; border-bottom:1px solid black;" valign="bottom" align="center"> <a href="/wiki/Ornithothoraces" title="Ornithothoraces">Ornithothoraces</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" style=""> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:1.5em;border-bottom:1px solid black;" valign="bottom" align="center"><br /></td> <td rowspan="2"> <p><a href="/wiki/Enantiornithes" title="Enantiornithes">Enantiornithes</a> (omvendte fugler) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid black;" valign="top"><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid black; border-bottom:1px solid black;" valign="bottom" align="center"> <a href="/wiki/Ornithurae" title="Ornithurae">Ornithurae</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" style=""> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:1.5em;border-bottom:1px solid black;" valign="bottom" align="center"><br /></td> <td rowspan="2"> <p><a href="/wiki/Hesperornithiformes" class="mw-redirect" title="Hesperornithiformes">Hesperornithiformes</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid black;" valign="top"><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid black; border-bottom:1px solid black;" valign="bottom" align="center"><br /></td> <td rowspan="2"> <p><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Aves/Neornithes</a> (nåtidsfugler) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br /> Kladogrammet under følger resultatene av en fylogenetisk studie av Lee <i>et al.</i> (2014):<sup id="cite_ref-Lee_''et_al.''_(2014)_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lee_''et_al.''_(2014)-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="font-size:80%;line-height:90%"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:1.5em;border-bottom:1px solid black;" valign="bottom" align="center"><a href="/wiki/Ornithothoraces" title="Ornithothoraces">Ornithothoraces</a></td> <td rowspan="2"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" style=""> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:1.5em;border-bottom:1px solid black;" valign="bottom" align="center"><br /></td> <td rowspan="2"> <p>†<a href="/wiki/Enantiornithes" title="Enantiornithes">Enantiornithes</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid black;" valign="top"><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid black; border-bottom:1px solid black;" valign="bottom" align="center"><a href="/wiki/Euornithes" title="Euornithes">Euornithes</a></td> <td rowspan="2"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" style=""> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:1.5em;border-bottom:1px solid black;" valign="bottom" align="center"><br /></td> <td rowspan="2"> <p>†<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archaeorhynchus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Archaeorhynchus (ikke skrevet ennå)">Archaeorhynchus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid black;" valign="top"><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid black; border-bottom:1px solid black;" valign="bottom" align="center"><br /></td> <td rowspan="2"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" style=""> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:1.5em;border-bottom:1px solid black;" valign="bottom" align="center"><br /></td> <td rowspan="2"> <p>†<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jianchangornis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jianchangornis (ikke skrevet ennå)">Jianchangornis</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid black;" valign="top"><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid black; border-bottom:1px solid black;" valign="bottom" align="center"><br /></td> <td rowspan="2"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" style=""> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:1.5em;border-bottom:1px solid black;" valign="bottom" align="center"><br /></td> <td rowspan="2"> <p>†<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zhongjianornis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zhongjianornis (ikke skrevet ennå)">Zhongjianornis</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid black;" valign="top"><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid black; border-bottom:1px solid black;" valign="bottom" align="center"><br /></td> <td rowspan="2"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" style=""> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:1.5em;border-bottom:1px solid black;" valign="bottom" align="center"><br /></td> <td rowspan="2"> <p>†<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaoyangia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chaoyangia (ikke skrevet ennå)">Chaoyangia</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid black;" valign="top"><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid black; border-bottom:1px solid black;" valign="bottom" align="center"><br /></td> <td rowspan="2"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" style=""> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:1.5em;border-bottom:1px solid black;" valign="bottom" align="center"><br /></td> <td rowspan="2"> <p>†<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schizooura&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Schizooura (ikke skrevet ennå)">Schizooura</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid black;" valign="top"><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid black; border-bottom:1px solid black;" valign="bottom" align="center"><a href="/wiki/Ornithuromorpha" class="mw-redirect" title="Ornithuromorpha">Ornithuromorpha</a></td> <td rowspan="2"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" style=""> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:1.5em;border-bottom:1px solid black;" valign="bottom" align="center"><br /></td> <td rowspan="2"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" style=""> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:1.5em;border-bottom:1px solid black;" valign="bottom" align="center"><br /></td> <td rowspan="2"> <p>†<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patagopteryx&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Patagopteryx (ikke skrevet ennå)">Patagopteryx</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid black;" valign="top"><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid black; border-bottom:1px solid black;" valign="bottom" align="center"><br /></td> <td rowspan="2"> <p>†<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vorona_(slekt)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vorona (slekt) (ikke skrevet ennå)">Vorona</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid black;" valign="top"><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid black; border-bottom:1px solid black;" valign="bottom" align="center"><br /></td> <td rowspan="2"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" style=""> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:1.5em;border-bottom:1px solid black;" valign="bottom" align="center"><br /></td> <td rowspan="2"> <p>†<i><a href="/wiki/Ambiortus" title="Ambiortus">Ambiortus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid black;" valign="top"><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid black; border-bottom:1px solid black;" valign="bottom" align="center"><br /></td> <td rowspan="2"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" style=""> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:1.5em;border-bottom:1px solid black;" valign="bottom" align="center"><br /></td> <td rowspan="2"> <p>†<a href="/w/index.php?title=Songlingornithidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Songlingornithidae (ikke skrevet ennå)">Songlingornithidae</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid black;" valign="top"><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid black; border-bottom:1px solid black;" valign="bottom" align="center"><br /></td> <td rowspan="2"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" style=""> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:1.5em;border-bottom:1px solid black;" valign="bottom" align="center"><br /></td> <td rowspan="2"> <p>†<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hongshanornithidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hongshanornithidae (ikke skrevet ennå)">Hongshanornithidae</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid black;" valign="top"><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid black; border-bottom:1px solid black;" valign="bottom" align="center"><br /></td> <td rowspan="2"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" style=""> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:1.5em;border-bottom:1px solid black;" valign="bottom" align="center"><br /></td> <td rowspan="2"> <p>†<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apsaravis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Apsaravis (ikke skrevet ennå)">Apsaravis</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid black;" valign="top"><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid black; border-bottom:1px solid black;" valign="bottom" align="center"><br /></td> <td rowspan="2"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" style=""> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:1.5em;border-bottom:1px solid black;" valign="bottom" align="center"><br /></td> <td rowspan="2"> <p>†<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gansus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gansus (ikke skrevet ennå)">Gansus</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid black;" valign="top"><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid black; border-bottom:1px solid black;" valign="bottom" align="center"><br /></td> <td rowspan="2"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" style=""> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:1.5em;border-bottom:1px solid black;" valign="bottom" align="center"><br /></td> <td rowspan="2"> <p>†<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hollanda_luceria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hollanda luceria (ikke skrevet ennå)">Hollanda</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid black;" valign="top"><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid black; border-bottom:1px solid black;" valign="bottom" align="center"><a href="/wiki/Ornithurae" title="Ornithurae">Ornithurae</a></td> <td rowspan="2"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" style=""> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:1.5em;border-bottom:1px solid black;" valign="bottom" align="center"><br /></td> <td rowspan="2"> <p>†<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ichthyornis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ichthyornis (ikke skrevet ennå)">Ichthyornis</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid black;" valign="top"><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid black; border-bottom:1px solid black;" valign="bottom" align="center"><br /></td> <td rowspan="2"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" style=""> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:1.5em;border-bottom:1px solid black;" valign="bottom" align="center"><br /></td> <td rowspan="2"> <p>†<a href="/wiki/Hesperornithes" title="Hesperornithes">Hesperornithes</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid black;" valign="top"><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid black; border-bottom:1px solid black;" valign="bottom" align="center"><br /></td> <td rowspan="2"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" style=""> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:1.5em;border-bottom:1px solid black;" valign="bottom" align="center"><br /></td> <td rowspan="2"> <p>†<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Limenavis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Limenavis (ikke skrevet ennå)">Limenavis</a></i> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid black;" valign="top"><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid black; border-bottom:1px solid black;" valign="bottom" align="center"><br /></td> <td rowspan="2"> <p><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Aves/Neornithes</a> (fugler) </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Nåtidsfuglenes basale <a href="/wiki/Klade" title="Klade">klader</a> i etterkomertreet under er i henhold til Sibley & Ahlquist (1990).<sup id="cite_ref-Sibley_&_Ahlquist_(1990)_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sibley_&_Ahlquist_(1990)-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Inndelingen støttes i hovedtrekk av nyere forskning med <a href="/wiki/Genom" title="Genom">genom</a>, jfr. Jarvis <i>et al.</i> (2014).<sup id="cite_ref-Jarvis_''et_al.''_(2014)_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jarvis_''et_al.''_(2014)-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Det er imidlertid nå klart at <a href="/wiki/Notopalaeognathae" title="Notopalaeognathae">Notopalaeognathae</a> er <a href="/wiki/S%C3%B8stergruppe" title="Søstergruppe">søstergruppen</a> til <a href="/wiki/Strutsefugler" title="Strutsefugler">strutsefuglene</a> (Struthioniformes). </p> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="font-size:80%;line-height:90%"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:1.5em;border-bottom:1px solid black;" valign="bottom" align="center">   <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Aves/Neornithes</a>   </td> <td rowspan="2"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" style=""> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:1.5em;border-bottom:1px solid black;" valign="bottom" align="center">   <a href="/wiki/Primitive_n%C3%A5tidsfugler" title="Primitive nåtidsfugler">Palaeognathae</a>   </td> <td rowspan="2"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" style=""> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:1.5em;border-bottom:1px solid black;" valign="bottom" align="center"><br /></td> <td rowspan="2"> <p><a href="/wiki/Strutsefugler" title="Strutsefugler">Struthioniformes</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid black;" valign="top"><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid black; border-bottom:1px solid black;" valign="bottom" align="center"><br /></td> <td rowspan="2"> <p><a href="/wiki/Notopalaeognathae" title="Notopalaeognathae">Notopalaeognathae</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid black;" valign="top"><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid black; border-bottom:1px solid black;" valign="bottom" align="center">   <a href="/wiki/Moderne_n%C3%A5tidsfugler" title="Moderne nåtidsfugler">Neognathae</a>   </td> <td rowspan="2"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" style=""> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:1.5em;border-bottom:1px solid black;" valign="bottom" align="center"> </td> <td rowspan="2"> <p><a href="/wiki/Moderne_fugler" title="Moderne fugler">Neoaves</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid black;" valign="top"><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid black; border-bottom:1px solid black;" valign="bottom" align="center">   <a href="/wiki/Ande-_og_h%C3%B8nsefugler" title="Ande- og hønsefugler">Galloanserae</a>   </td> <td rowspan="2"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" style=""> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:1.5em;border-bottom:1px solid black;" valign="bottom" align="center"><br /></td> <td rowspan="2"> <p><a href="/wiki/Andefugler" title="Andefugler">Anseriformes</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid black;" valign="top"><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left:1px solid black; border-bottom:1px solid black;" valign="bottom" align="center"><br /></td> <td rowspan="2"> <p><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B8nsefugler" title="Hønsefugler">Galliformes</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top"><br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Inndeling">Inndeling</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fugler&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Rediger avsnitt: Inndeling" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fugler&action=edit&section=15" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Inndeling"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De nålevende fuglenes innbyrdes inndeling regnes ikke som endelig klarlagt, selv om det hersker enighet om de basale forgreningene i fuglenes <a href="/wiki/Stamtre_(evolusjon)" title="Stamtre (evolusjon)">stamtre</a>. Mer enn halvparten av alle fugler er <a href="/wiki/Spurvefugler" title="Spurvefugler">spurvefugler</a> (Passeriformes). Inndelingen under følger <a href="/wiki/HBW_Alive" class="mw-redirect" title="HBW Alive">HBW Alive</a> og er i henhold til del Hoyo <i>et al.</i> (2016),<sup id="cite_ref-del_Hoyo_''et_al.''_(2016)_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-del_Hoyo_''et_al.''_(2016)-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Men det hersker nødvendigvis ikke full <a href="/wiki/Konsensus" title="Konsensus">konsensus</a> om alle gruppene. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r19918120">.mw-parser-output .treeview+ul,.mw-parser-output .treeview+ul ul{padding:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .treeview+ul li{padding:0;margin:0;list-style-type:none;list-style-image:none}.mw-parser-output .treeview+ul li li{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Treeview-grey-line.png")no-repeat 0 -2981px;padding-left:20px;text-indent:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .treeview+ul li li:last-child{background-position:0 -5971px}.mw-parser-output .treeview+ul .anon-branch{display:none}.mw-parser-output .treeview+ul li>.anon-branch+ul{margin-left:-1px}.mw-parser-output .treeview+ul li>.anon-branch+ul>li:first-child{background-position:0 9px}</style><div class="treeview title ve-conditional-display-block"><b>Treliste</b></div> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nåtidsfugler</a> (Aves/Neornithes) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Primitive_n%C3%A5tidsfugler" title="Primitive nåtidsfugler">Primitive nåtidsfugler</a> (Paleognathae) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Strutsefugler" title="Strutsefugler">Strutsefugler</a> (Struthioniformes)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notopalaeognathae" title="Notopalaeognathae">Notopalaeognathae</a> (flygeudyktige fugler) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nandufamilien" title="Nandufamilien">Rheiformes</a>, nandufugler</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novaeratitae" title="Novaeratitae">Novaeratitae</a>, kasuarfugler, elefantfugler og kivifugler</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tinamufamilien" title="Tinamufamilien">Tinamiformes</a>, tinamufugler (pampashøns)</li> <li>†<a href="/wiki/Dinornithiformes" title="Dinornithiformes">Dinornithiformes</a>, moafugler</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moderne_n%C3%A5tidsfugler" title="Moderne nåtidsfugler">Moderne nåtidsfugler</a> (Neognathae) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ande-_og_h%C3%B8nsefugler" title="Ande- og hønsefugler">Ande- og hønsefugler</a> (Galloanserae) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B8nsefugler" title="Hønsefugler">Hønsefugler</a> (Galliformes)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andefugler" title="Andefugler">Andefugler</a> (Anseriformes)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moderne_fugler" title="Moderne fugler">Moderne fugler</a> (Neoaves) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lappedykkere" class="mw-redirect" title="Lappedykkere">Lappedykkere</a> (Podicipediformes)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenicopteriformes" title="Phoenicopteriformes">Flamingofugler</a> (Phoenicopteriformes)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tropikfugler" class="mw-redirect" title="Tropikfugler">Tropikfugler</a> (Phaethontiformes‎)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurypygiformes" title="Eurypygiformes">Solriksefugler</a> (Eurypygiformes)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesitter" title="Mesitter">Mesitter</a> (Mesitornithiformes)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duefugler" title="Duefugler">Duefugler</a> (Columbiformes)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandh%C3%B8ns" title="Sandhøns">Sandhøns</a> (Pterocliformes)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caprimulgiformes" title="Caprimulgiformes">Nattravnfugler</a> (Caprimulgiformes)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoatzin_(fugl)" title="Hoatzin (fugl)">Hoatzin</a> (Opisthocomiformes)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gj%C3%B8kefugler" title="Gjøkefugler">Gjøkefugler</a> (Cuculiformes)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riksefugler" class="mw-redirect" title="Riksefugler">Riksefugler</a> (Gruiformes)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trapper" class="mw-redirect" title="Trapper">Trappefugler</a> (Otidiformes)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turakoer" title="Turakoer">Turakoer</a> (Musophagiformes)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lommer" title="Lommer">Lommer</a> (Gaviiformes)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pingviner" title="Pingviner">Pingviner</a> (Sphenisciformes)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stormfugler" title="Stormfugler">Stormfugler</a> (Procellariiformes)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storker" title="Storker">Storker</a> (Ciconiiformes)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pelikanfugler" title="Pelikanfugler">Pelikanfugler</a> (Pelecaniformes)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulefugler" title="Sulefugler">Sulefugler</a> (Suliformes)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vade-,_m%C3%A5se-_og_alkefugler" title="Vade-, måse- og alkefugler">Vade-, måse- og alkefugler</a> (Charadriiformes)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugler" title="Ugler">Ugler</a> (Strigiformes)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kondorer" title="Kondorer">Kondorer</a> (Cathartiformes)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haukefugler" title="Haukefugler">Haukefugler</a> (Accipitriformes)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Musfugler" title="Musfugler">Musfugler</a> (Coliiformes)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurol" title="Kurol">Kurol</a> (Leptosomiformes)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trogoner" title="Trogoner">Trogoner</a> (Trogoniformes)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hornfugler" class="mw-redirect" title="Hornfugler">Hornfugler</a> (Bucerotiformes)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A5kefugler" title="Råkefugler">Råkefugler</a> (Coraciiformes)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spettefugler" title="Spettefugler">Spettefugler</a> (Piciformes)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seriemafugler" title="Seriemafugler">Seriemafugler</a> (Cariamiformes)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falkefugler" title="Falkefugler">Falkefugler</a> (Falconiformes)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papeg%C3%B8yefugler" title="Papegøyefugler">Papegøyefugler</a> (Psittaciformes)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spurvefugler" title="Spurvefugler">Spurvefugler</a> (Passeriformes)</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Se_også"><span id="Se_ogs.C3.A5"></span>Se også</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fugler&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Rediger avsnitt: Se også" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fugler&action=edit&section=16" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Se også"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avialae" title="Avialae">Avialae</a>, virveldyr som flyr ved å slå med fjærkledde vinger</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urfugler" title="Urfugler">Urfugler</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referanser">Referanser</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fugler&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Rediger avsnitt: Referanser" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fugler&action=edit&section=17" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Referanser"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Clements_et_al._(2022)-1"><b>^</b> <a href="#cite_ref-Clements_et_al._(2022)_1-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Clements_et_al._(2022)_1-1"><sup>b</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Clements_et_al._(2022)_1-2"><sup>c</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Clements_et_al._(2022)_1-3"><sup>d</sup></a> <span class="reference-text">Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, T. A. Fredericks, J. A. Gerbracht, D. Lepage, S. M. Billerman, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2022. <i>The eBird/Clements checklist of Birds of the World: v2022</i>. Downloaded from <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/">https://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gill,_Donsker_&_Rasmussen_(2022)-2"><b>^</b> <a href="#cite_ref-Gill,_Donsker_&_Rasmussen_(2022)_2-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gill,_Donsker_&_Rasmussen_(2022)_2-1"><sup>b</sup></a> <span class="reference-text">Gill F, D Donsker & P Rasmussen (Eds). 2022. <i>IOC World Bird List</i> (v12.2). doi: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldbirdnames.org/new/">https://doi.org/10.14344/IOC.ML.12.2.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sjøgren_(2013)-3"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sjøgren_(2013)_3-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Kristian Sjøgren (2013) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.forskning.no/artikler/2013/januar/347124">Når mistet fuglene tennene sine?</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130915202822/http://www.forskning.no/artikler/2013/januar/347124">Arkivert</a> 2013-09-15, hos <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. forskning.no, 9. februar 2013. Besøkt 2017-07-26</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pittalwala_(2014)-4"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Pittalwala_(2014)_4-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Iqbal Pittalwala (2014) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ucrtoday.ucr.edu/26133">Tooth Loss in Birds Occurred About 116 Million Years Ago</a>. University of California, Riverside, 11. desember 2014. Besøkt 2017-07-26</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Øien_&_Shimmings_(2015)-5"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Øien_&_Shimmings_(2015)_5-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Ingar Jostein Øien og Paul Shimmings (2015) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.birdlife.no/prosjekter/nyheter/?id=1573">NOF med bestandstall for alle norske hekkefugler</a>. Norsk Ornitologisk Forening, 17.11.2015</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Padian_&_Chiappe_(1997)-6"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Padian_&_Chiappe_(1997)_6-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Padian, K. & Chiappe, L.M. (1997): Bird Origins. I <i>Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs</i> (red. Currie, P.J & Padian, K., <a href="/w/index.php?title=Academic_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Academic Press (ikke skrevet ennå)">Academic Press</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego">San Diego</a>, side 41–96, <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/0122268105" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0 12 226810 5</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Michael Slezak: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn23275-four-wings-bad-two-wings-better-for-early-birds/">Four wings bad, two wings better – for early birds</a>, <i>New Scientist Magazine</i>, 14. mars 2013. Besøkt 14. august 2017.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SNL_(2009)-8"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SNL_(2009)_8-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Kloakk: zoologi. (2009, 14. februar). I Store norske leksikon. Hentet 18. mai 2018 fra <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://snl.no/kloakk_-_zoologi">https://snl.no/kloakk_-_zoologi</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Carboneras_&_Kirwan_(2018)-9"><b>^</b> <a href="#cite_ref-Carboneras_&_Kirwan_(2018)_9-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Carboneras_&_Kirwan_(2018)_9-1"><sup>b</sup></a> <span class="reference-text">Carboneras, C. & Kirwan, G.M. (2018). Lake Duck (<i>Oxyura vittata</i>). In: del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., Sargatal, J., Christie, D.A. & de Juana, E. (eds.). Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. (retrieved from <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.hbw.com/node/52937">https://www.hbw.com/node/52937</a> on 17 May 2018).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-McCracken,_Wilson,_McCracken_&_Johnson_(2001)-10"><b><a href="#cite_ref-McCracken,_Wilson,_McCracken_&_Johnson_(2001)_10-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">McCracken, K. G., Wilson, R. E., McCracken, P. J., & Johnson, K. P. (2001). Sexual selection: Are ducks impressed by drakes' display?. <i>Nature</i>, <b>413</b>(6852), 128. doi:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038/35093160">10.1038/35093160</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wathne_(2009)-11"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Wathne_(2009)_11-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Kyrre Wathne (2009) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://forskning.no/content/den-store-boka-om-dyrepeniser">Den store boka om dyrepeniser</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180518130247/https://forskning.no/content/den-store-boka-om-dyrepeniser">Arkivert</a> 18. mai 2018 hos <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.. <i>forskning.no</i>, 18.11.2009. 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(2007). <i>Glorified Dinosaurs: The Origin and Early Evolution of Birds.</i> University of New South Wales Press, Sydney. <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/9780868404134" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-86840-413-4</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lee_''et_al.''_(2014)-15"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Lee_''et_al.''_(2014)_15-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Lee, Michael SY; Cau, Andrea; Darren, Naish; Gareth J., Dyke (2013). «Morphological Clocks in Paleontology, and a Mid-Cretaceous Origin of Crown Aves». <i>Systematic Biology</i>. Oxford Journals. <b>63</b> (3): 442–9. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24449041">24449041</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_objektidentifikator" title="Digital objektidentifikator">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fsysbio%2Fsyt110">10.1093/sysbio/syt110</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AFugler&rft.atitle=Morphological+Clocks+in+Paleontology%2C+and+a+Mid-Cretaceous+Origin+of+Crown+Aves&rft.au=Cau%2C+Andrea&rft.au=Darren%2C+Naish&rft.au=Gareth+J.%2C+Dyke&rft.aufirst=Michael+SY&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.date=2013&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=3&rft.jtitle=Systematic+Biology&rft.pages=442-9&rft.volume=%27%27%2763%27%27%27&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fsysbio%2Fsyt110&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F24449041&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sibley_&_Ahlquist_(1990)-16"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sibley_&_Ahlquist_(1990)_16-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Sibley, C. G., och J. Ahlquist. 1990. <a href="/wiki/Sibley_%26_Ahlquists_taksonomi_av_fugler" title="Sibley & Ahlquists taksonomi av fugler">Phylogeny and classification of birds</a>. Yale University Press, New Haven, Conn.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jarvis_''et_al.''_(2014)-17"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Jarvis_''et_al.''_(2014)_17-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Jarvis, E. D.; Mirarab, S.; Aberer, A. J.; m.fl. (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sciencemag.org/content/346/6215/1320.abstract">«Whole-genome analys,es resolve early branches in the tree of life of modern birds»</a>. <i>Science</i>. <b>346</b> (6215): 1320–1331. <a href="/wiki/Digital_objektidentifikator" title="Digital objektidentifikator">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.1253451">10.1126/science.1253451</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AFugler&rft.atitle=Whole-genome+analys%2Ces+resolve+early+branches+in+the+tree+of+life+of+modern+birds&rft.au=Aberer%2C+A.+J.&rft.au=Mirarab%2C+S.&rft.aufirst=E.+D.&rft.aulast=Jarvis&rft.date=2014&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=6215&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.pages=1320-1331&rft.volume=%27%27%27346%27%27%27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencemag.org%2Fcontent%2F346%2F6215%2F1320.abstract&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.1253451&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">CS1-vedlikehold: Eksplisitt bruk av m.fl. (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1-vedlikehold:_Eksplisitt_bruk_av_m.fl." title="Kategori:CS1-vedlikehold: Eksplisitt bruk av m.fl.">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-del_Hoyo_''et_al.''_(2016)-18"><b><a href="#cite_ref-del_Hoyo_''et_al.''_(2016)_18-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., Sargatal, J., Christie, D.A. & de Juana, E. (eds.) (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hbw.com/order/caprimulgiformes">Caprimulgiformes</a>. <a href="/wiki/Handbook_of_the_Birds_of_the_World" title="Handbook of the Birds of the World">Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive</a>. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Litteratur">Litteratur</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fugler&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Rediger avsnitt: Litteratur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fugler&action=edit&section=18" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Litteratur"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Josep del Hoyo and Nigel J. Collar et al. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lynxeds.com/product/hbw-and-birdlife-international-illustrated-checklist-birds-world"><i>HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World</i></a>. Lynx Edicions, 2014, <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/9788496553941" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-84-96553-94-1</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eksterne_lenker">Eksterne lenker</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fugler&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Rediger avsnitt: Eksterne lenker" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fugler&action=edit&section=19" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Eksterne lenker"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="bjeller languageicon" style="color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d);cursor:help;" title="engelsk">(en)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1836"><i>fugler</i></a> – oversikt og omtale av artene i <a href="/wiki/World_Register_of_Marine_Species" title="World Register of Marine Species">WORMS-databasen</a> <span class="noprint plainlinks wikidata-linkback wd_p850"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5113?uselang=nb#P850" title="Rediger på Wikidata"><img alt="Rediger på Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></li> <li><span class="bjeller languageicon" style="color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d);cursor:help;" title="engelsk">(en)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eol.org/pages/695"><i>fugler</i></a> i <a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Life" title="Encyclopedia of Life">Encyclopedia of Life</a> <span class="noprint plainlinks wikidata-linkback wd_p830"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5113?uselang=nb#P830" title="Rediger på Wikidata"><img alt="Rediger på Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></li> <li><span class="bjeller languageicon" style="color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d);cursor:help;" title="engelsk">(en)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/212"><i>fugler</i></a> i <a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">Global Biodiversity Information Facility</a> <span class="noprint plainlinks wikidata-linkback wd_p846"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5113?uselang=nb#P846" title="Rediger på Wikidata"><img alt="Rediger på Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></li> <li><span class="bjeller languageicon" style="color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d);cursor:help;" title="norsk">(no)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://artsdatabanken.no/Taxon/_/252"><i>fugler</i></a> hos <a href="/wiki/Artsdatabanken" title="Artsdatabanken">Artsdatabanken</a> <span class="noprint plainlinks wikidata-linkback wd_p8707"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5113?uselang=nb#P8707" title="Rediger på Wikidata"><img alt="Rediger på Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></li> <li><span class="bjeller languageicon" style="color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d);cursor:help;" title="svensk">(sv)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dyntaxa.se/taxon/info/4000104"><i>fugler</i></a> hos Dyntaxa <span class="noprint plainlinks wikidata-linkback wd_p1939"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5113?uselang=nb#P1939" title="Rediger på Wikidata"><img alt="Rediger på Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></li> <li><span class="bjeller languageicon" style="color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d);cursor:help;" title="engelsk">(en)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eu-nomen.eu/portal/taxon.php?GUID=urn:lsid:faunaeur.org:taxname:10699"><i>fugler</i></a> hos Fauna Europaea <span class="noprint plainlinks wikidata-linkback wd_p1895"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5113?uselang=nb#P1895" title="Rediger på Wikidata"><img alt="Rediger på Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></li> <li><span class="bjeller languageicon" style="color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d);cursor:help;" title="engelsk">(en)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/0/http://www.fossilworks.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?a=taxonInfo&taxon_no=36616"><i>fugler</i></a> hos Fossilworks <span class="noprint plainlinks wikidata-linkback wd_p842"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5113?uselang=nb#P842" title="Rediger på Wikidata"><img alt="Rediger på Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></li> <li><span class="bjeller languageicon" style="color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d);cursor:help;" title="engelsk">(en)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=174371"><i>fugler</i></a> hos <a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">ITIS</a> <span class="noprint plainlinks wikidata-linkback wd_p815"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5113?uselang=nb#P815" title="Rediger på Wikidata"><img alt="Rediger på Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></li> <li><span class="bjeller languageicon" style="color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d);cursor:help;" title="engelsk">(en)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=8782"><i>fugler</i></a> hos NCBI <span class="noprint plainlinks wikidata-linkback wd_p685"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5113?uselang=nb#P685" title="Rediger på Wikidata"><img alt="Rediger på Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></li> <li><span class="bjeller languageicon" style="color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d);cursor:help;" title="engelsk">(en)</span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Aves" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Aves"><i>Kategori:Aves</i></a> – bilder, video eller lyd på <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a> <span class="noprint plainlinks wikidata-linkback wd_p373"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5113?uselang=nb#P373" title="Rediger på Wikidata"><img alt="Rediger på Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></li> <li><span class="bjeller languageicon" style="color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d);cursor:help;" title="engelsk">(en)</span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Aves" class="extiw" title="commons:Aves"><i>Aves</i></a> – galleri av bilder, video eller lyd på <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a> <span class="noprint plainlinks wikidata-linkback wd_p935"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5113?uselang=nb#P935" title="Rediger på Wikidata"><img alt="Rediger på Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.birdlife.no">Norsk Ornitologisk Forening</a> (forening med fokus på fuglevern)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.feltornitologene.no/">Feltornitologene</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090121133253/http://www.feltornitologene.no/">Arkivert</a> 21. januar 2009 hos <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. (forening med fokus på sjeldenheter og artsbestemmelse)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130724073040/http://artsobservasjoner.no/fugler/">Artsobservasjoner</a> (omfattende og løpende oppdatert database over fugleobservasjoner i Norge)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.avionary.info">Avionary (fugler i vest- og sentral-palearktiske områder, samt Nord-Afrika og Sahara, i 46 språk)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.xeno-canto.org/">Xeno-canto</a> (engelskspråklig nettsted med fuglelyder fra hele verden)</li> <li><span class="bjeller" style="color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d); cursor:help;" title="Engelsk">(en)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.birds.cornell.edu/">The Cornell Lab of Ornithology</a> (engelskspråklig nettressurs om fugler)</li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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