CINXE.COM
Presidential Resources - United States Government Information - Guides at University of Iowa
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"/> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/> <title>Presidential Resources - United States Government Information - Guides at University of Iowa</title><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"><meta name="robots" content="noarchive" /><link rel="shortcut icon" href="//www.lib.uiowa.edu/includes/favicons/favicon.ico" /> <link rel="shortlink" href="https://www.lib.uiowa.edu/" /> <link rel="mask-icon" href="//www.lib.uiowa.edu/includes/favicons/safari-pinned-tab.svg" /> <link rel="icon" sizes="16x16" href="//www.lib.uiowa.edu/includes/favicons/favicon-16x16.png" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.lib.uiowa.edu/" /> <meta property="og:title" content="University Libraries | The University of Iowa" /> <link rel="icon" sizes="32x32" href="//www.lib.uiowa.edu/includes/favicons/favicon-32x32.png" /> <meta name="referrer" content="no-referrer-when-downgrade" /> <link rel="icon" sizes="96x96" href="//www.lib.uiowa.edu/includes/favicons/favicon-96x96.png" /> <link rel="icon" sizes="192x192" href="//www.lib.uiowa.edu/includes/favicons/android-chrome-192x192.png" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="//www.lib.uiowa.edu/includes/favicons/apple-touch-icon-60x60.png" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="72x72" href="//www.lib.uiowa.edu/includes/favicons/apple-touch-icon-72x72.png" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="76x76" href="//www.lib.uiowa.edu/includes/favicons/apple-touch-icon-76x76.png" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="114x114" href="//www.lib.uiowa.edu/includes/favicons/apple-touch-icon-114x114.png" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="120x120" href="//www.lib.uiowa.edu/includes/favicons/apple-touch-icon-120x120.png" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="144x144" href="//www.lib.uiowa.edu/includes/favicons/apple-touch-icon-144x144.png" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="152x152" href="//www.lib.uiowa.edu/includes/favicons/apple-touch-icon-152x152.png" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="//www.lib.uiowa.edu/includes/favicons/apple-touch-icon-180x180.png" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="180x180" href="//www.lib.uiowa.edu/includes/favicons/apple-touch-icon-precomposed.png" /><!-- public_metadata.twig --> <!-- auto generated dublin core metadata --> <meta name="DC.Title" content="Guides: United States Government Information: Presidential Resources"/> <meta name="DC.Creator" content="Ellen Wrede"/> <meta name="DC.Subject" content="Government Information, Law, Political Science, Social Sciences (general), Statistical Resources"/> <meta name="DC.Description" content="This guide provides access to a selection of resources for current and historical public policy and consumer information issued by U.S. government agencies and private publishers. The University of Iowa is a Federal Depository Library."/> <meta name="DC.Publishers" content="University of Iowa"/> <meta name="DC.Rights" content="Copyright University of Iowa 2025"/> <meta name="DC.Language" content="en"/> <meta name="DC.Identifier" content="https://guides.lib.uiowa.edu/c.php?g=131932&p=862312"/> <meta name="DC.Date.Created" content="Feb 14, 2009"/> <meta name="DC.Date.Modified" content="Jul 19, 2024"/> <meta property="og:title" content="Guides: United States Government Information: Presidential Resources"> <meta property="og:description" content="This guide provides access to a selection of resources for current and historical public policy and consumer information issued by U.S. government agencies and private publishers. The University of Iowa is a Federal Depository Library."> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <meta property="og:url" content="https://guides.lib.uiowa.edu/c.php?g=131932&p=862312"> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@springshare"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://static-assets-us.libguides.com/web/jquery/css/jquery-ui.min.css?2691" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://netdna.bootstrapcdn.com/font-awesome/4.7.0/css/font-awesome.min.css"/> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://static-assets-us.libguides.com/web/slick-1.8.1/slick/slick.css"><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://static-assets-us.libguides.com/web/slick-1.8.1/slick/slick-theme.css"><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://static-assets-us.libguides.com/web/css3.16.3/lg-public.min.css" /><script type="text/javascript" src="https://static-assets-us.libguides.com/web/jquery/js/1.12.4_jquery.min.js"></script><script> jQuery(document).ready(function () { jQuery(".dropdown-toggle").on("click",function(e){ jQuery(this).siblings("ul.s-lg-subtab-ul.dropdown-menu").toggle(); }) }); </script> <script src="//code.jquery.com/ui/1.13.2/jquery-ui.min.js"></script> <script> jQuery.ui || document.write('<script src="https://static-assets-us.libguides.com/web/jquery/js/jquery-ui.min.js?2691">\x3C/script>'); </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://static-assets-us.libguides.com/web/js3.16.3/lg-public.min.js"></script><style>/** bootstrap_tab_css.twig **/ #s-lg-tabs-container .nav-tabs > li > a, #s-lg-tabs-container .nav-tabs > li > button, #s-lg-tabs-container .nav-pills > li > a, #s-lg-tabs-container .nav-pills > li > button { border: 1px solid transparent; -webkit-border-radius: 4px 4px 0 0; -moz-border-radius: 4px 4px 0 0; border-radius: 4px 4px 0 0; background-color: #615f5f; color: #ffffff; font-weight: bold; padding: 4px 15px; } #s-lg-tabs-container .nav-tabs { border-bottom: 0; } #s-lg-tabs-container .nav-tabs > li#s-lg-admin-tab-add > a { -webkit-border-radius: 4px 4px 0 0; -moz-border-radius: 4px 4px 0 0; border-radius: 4px 4px 0 0; } #s-lg-tabs-container .nav-tabs > li > a:hover, #s-lg-tabs-container .nav-tabs > li > button:hover, #s-lg-tabs-container .nav-pills > li > a:hover, #s-lg-tabs-container .nav-pills > li > button:hover { border: 1px solid transparent; -webkit-border-radius: 4px 4px 0 0; -moz-border-radius: 4px 4px 0 0; border-radius: 4px 4px 0 0; background-color: #333333; color: #ffffff; } #s-lg-tabs-container .nav-tabs > .active > a, #s-lg-tabs-container .nav-tabs > .active > button, #s-lg-tabs-container .nav-pills > .active > a, #s-lg-tabs-container .nav-pills > .active > button { color: #ffffff; cursor: default; background-color: #333333; border: 1px solid transparent; -webkit-border-radius: 4px 4px 0 0; -moz-border-radius: 4px 4px 0 0; border-radius: 4px 4px 0 0; border-bottom-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; } #s-lg-tabs-container .nav-tabs > .active > .s-lg-subtab-ul > .active > a, #s-lg-tabs-container .nav-tabs > .active > .s-lg-subtab-ul > .active > button { color: #ffffff; cursor: default; background-color: #333333; border-bottom-color: transparent; } #s-lg-tabs-container .nav-tabs > .active > a:hover, #s-lg-tabs-container .nav-pills > .active > a:hover, #s-lg-tabs-container .nav-tabs > .active > button:hover, #s-lg-tabs-container .nav-pills > .active > button:hover { color: #ffffff; cursor: pointer; background-color: #333333; border: 1px solid transparent; -webkit-border-radius: 4px 4px 0 0; -moz-border-radius: 4px 4px 0 0; border-radius: 4px 4px 0 0; border-bottom-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; } #s-lg-tabs-container .nav .dropdown-toggle .caret { border-top-color: #e1e1e1; } #s-lg-tabs-container .nav-tabs button.dropdown-toggle .caret { margin-left: 2px; margin-top: -3px; } #s-lg-tabs-container .nav-tabs > li > a.s-lg-tab-drop { border-radius: 0 4px 0 0; padding: 4px 6px 4px 3px; border-left: 1px solid transparent; } #s-lg-tabs-container .nav-tabs > li > button.s-lg-tab-drop { border-radius: 0 4px 0 0; padding: 4px 6px 0px 3px; border-left: 1px solid transparent; margin-right: 2px; } #s-lg-tabs-container .nav-tabs > li > a.s-lg-tab-drop:hover { border-radius: 0 4px 0 0; border-left: 1px solid #bbb; padding: 4px 6px 4px 3px; } #s-lg-tabs-container .nav-tabs > li > button.s-lg-tab-drop:hover { border-radius: 0 4px 0 0; border-left: 1px solid #bbb; padding: 4px 6px 0px 3px; } #s-lg-tabs-container .nav-tabs > li > a.s-lg-tab-top-link, #s-lg-tabs-container .nav-tabs > li > a.s-lg-tab-top-link:hover, #s-lg-tabs-container .nav-tabs > li > button.s-lg-tab-top-link, #s-lg-tabs-container .nav-tabs > li > button.s-lg-tab-top-link:hover { border-radius: 4px 0 0 0; font-weight: bold; padding: 4px 5px 4px 10px; } .nav-tabs > li > a.s-lg-tab-top-link, .nav-tabs > li > button.s-lg-tab-top-link { margin-right: 0px; } #s-lg-tabs-container .nav-pills > li > a.s-lg-tab-drop, #s-lg-tabs-container .nav-pills > li > button.s-lg-tab-drop { border-radius: 0 4px 0 0; padding: 4px 8px 4px 8px; border-left: 1px solid transparent; position: absolute; right: 0; } #s-lg-tabs-container .nav-pills > li > a.s-lg-tab-drop:hover, #s-lg-tabs-container .nav-pills > li > button.s-lg-tab-drop:hover { border-radius: 0 4px 0 0; border-left: 1px solid #bbb; padding: 4px 8px 4px 8px; } #s-lg-tabs-container .nav-pills > li > a.s-lg-tab-top-link, #s-lg-tabs-container .nav-pills > li > a.s-lg-tab-top-link:hover, #s-lg-tabs-container .nav-pills > li > button.s-lg-tab-top-link, #s-lg-tabs-container .nav-pills > li > button.s-lg-tab-top-link:hover { width: 100%; float: left; border-radius: 4px 0 0 0; font-weight: bold; padding: 4px 15px 4px 15px; } /** !bootstrap_tab_css.twig **/ .s-lib-box {border-color: #cccccc; border-width: 1px; box-shadow: 0 8px 6px -6px #AAAAAA; border-radius: 4px 4px 4px 4px; background-color: #fff; } .s-lib-box-std .s-lib-box-title {background-color: #eeeeee; background-image: none;color: #212020; border-bottom: 1px solid #cccccc; } .s-lib-box .s-lib-box-title {background-color: #eeeeee; background-image: none;color: #212020; border-bottom: 1px solid #cccccc; border-radius: 3px 3px 0px 0px; } .s-lib-box .s-lg-box-footer { border-radius: 0px 0px 3px 3px; }</style><script type='text/javascript' src='//www.lib.uiowa.edu/scripts/custom/search-forms.js'></script> <script type='text/javascript' src='//www.lib.uiowa.edu/scripts/superfish2/dist/js/hoverIntent.js'></script> <script type='text/javascript' src='//www.lib.uiowa.edu/scripts/superfish2/dist/js/superfish.js'></script> <script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(document).ready(function($){ // !!! adding some search placeholder changes $('#s-lg-guide-search-terms').attr('placeholder','Search Subject Guides'); $('#s-lg-srch-input-q').attr('placeholder','Search Subject Guides'); $('#s-lg-guide-search').attr('placeholder','Search Subject Guides'); // $('#s-lg-index-guidetype-btn').css('display','none'); $('ul.sf-menu').superfish(); }); </script> <script type="text/javascript"> function clearDefault(el) { if (el.defaultValue==el.value) el.value = "" } </script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="//www.lib.uiowa.edu/css/libguides.css?20240822_0825" type="text/css" media="all" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="//www.lib.uiowa.edu/css/libguides-print.css" type="text/css" media="print" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="//libapps.s3.amazonaws.com/sites/32/include/headfoot-uids-guides.css?cb=20240819_2250"> <style>p, li {color: #000;}</style> <!-- Kill this noise soon --> <!--LibAnswers Pop-up widget <script type="text/javascript"> var la_ask_options = {}; la_ask_options.siteurl = "//ask.lib.uiowa.edu"; // the url of your system, complete with http:// part without trailing slash la_ask_options.title = "Got a Question? Ask Us!"; // Title, will appear at the top of the widget la_ask_options.sidebutton = "1"; //use sidebutton or not la_ask_options.button_color = "#333"; // background color of the Ask Us button la_ask_options.button_placement = "right"; // left or right (which side of the screen the button appears on) la_ask_options.button_top = "25%"; // how far from the top of the screen should the button be placed la_ask_options.button_image = "http://laimages.s3.amazonaws.com/askustab.png"; // the url of your custom image to be used for the button la_ask_options.button_height = "102px"; // height of your customized ask us button image la_ask_options.popup_color = "#5f5b5b"; // color of the header and borders of the popup window la_ask_options.guides = "Want to jumpstart your research? Try LibGuides."; // text of the intro link to the LibGuides section la_ask_options.guides_color = "#DDC100"; // background color for the link to guides la_ask_options.qintro = "Type your question, e.g. How do I find books on a particular subject?"; // text to appear inside the input form la_ask_options.topic_cloud = "1"; // Display topics as cloud (1), equal list (0), or none (2) la_ask_options.moreways = "0"; // Display more ways box (1) or not (0) la_ask_options.searchtip = "1"; // Display searchtip under form (1) or not (0) la_ask_options.win_height = "360px"; // Height of the ask us popup la_ask_options.win_target = "parent"; // blank or parent. default is blank la_ask_options.stylesheet = ""; // full url for an external stylesheet to customize your widget </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://ask.lib.uiowa.edu/w.js"></script> --> <!--End LibAnswers Pop-up widget--> <script type='text/javascript' src='//www.lib.uiowa.edu/scripts/custom/libguides-general.js'></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="//libapps.s3.amazonaws.com/sites/32/include/guides-tools.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="//www.lib.uiowa.edu/scripts/custom/get-libraries-alerts.js"></script> <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Roboto:300,300i,400,400i,700,700i" rel="stylesheet"> <style> /* #s-lg-index-guidetype-btn {display: block !important } */ </style> <!-- Google tag (gtag.js) --> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-FM90RGJ1GB"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-FM90RGJ1GB'); </script> <link href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/font-awesome/6.6.0/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="//www.lib.uiowa.edu/includes/icons/icomoon/style.css" rel="stylesheet"> <script type="text/javascript"> jQuery(document).ready(function($) { getLibrariesAlerts(); }) </script><script> var springStats = springStats || {}; springStats.saConfig = springStats.saConfig || { site_id: 32, tracking_parameters: {"_st_guide_id":131932,"_st_page_id":862312,"_st_site_id":32}, tracking_server_host: "libguides-proc.springyaws.com" }; </script> <script src="https://static-assets-us.libguides.com/web/js/sa.min.js?3116"></script> <script> springSpace.Common = springSpace.Common || { }; springSpace.Common.constant = { PROCESSING: { ACTION_DISPLAY_POLL: 159 } }; springSpace.Common.baseURL = "https://guides.lib.uiowa.edu/"; handleScroll=function() { if (false) { var target_elt = "#s-lg-page-section-862312"; jQuery("html, body").animate({ scrollTop: jQuery(target_elt).offset().top }, 750); if (jQuery(this).scrollTop() > 220) { jQuery("#s-lib-scroll-top").fadeIn(750); } } } </script> <script> // Enable tooltips. jQuery(function () { try { springSpace.UI.initPopOvers(); jQuery(".az-bs-tooltip").tooltip(); } catch (e) { } }); jQuery(document).ready(function () { springSpace.springTrack.trackPage({_st_type_id: '1',_st_guide_id: '131932',_st_page_id: '862312'}); }); jQuery(document).ready(function() { handleScroll(); }); </script></head> <body class="s-lg-guide-body"> <a id="s-lg-public-skiplink" class="alert-info" href="#s-lg-guide-main">Skip to Main Content</a><!-- BEGIN: Page Header --> <div class="hide"><a href="#s-lg-guide-main" tabindex="-1">Skip to content</a></div> <header class="header-uids header-uids--narrow"> <div class="header-uids__inner"> <div class="uilibraries-branding"> <a class="block-iowa" href="https://www.uiowa.edu" title="University of Iowa"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" viewBox="0 0 311.6 90.2" aria-labelledby="block-iowa-header"> <title id="block-iowa-header">University of Iowa</title> <path class="block-i" d="M40 18.8h-7.3v52.4H40v19H0v-19h7.3V18.8H0V0h40V18.8z"></path> <path class="block-o" d="M93.8 90.2h-29c-10.5 0-17.4-6.9-17.4-18.2V18.2C47.4 7 54.4 0 64.8 0h29c10.5 0 17.4 7 17.4 18.2V72C111.2 83.2 104.2 90.2 93.8 90.2zM85.6 71.2V18.8H73v52.4H85.6z"></path> <path class="block-w" d="M122.6 18.8h-6.4V0h38v18.9H147l6.5 43.4L167 0h19.2l14.4 62.3 5.2-43.4h-6.6V0h37.5v18.9h-6.2l-11.3 71.4h-30.6l-11.8-53.2 -12.1 53.1h-29.4L122.6 18.8z"></path> <path class="block-a" d="M230.1 71.2h6.9L250.7 0h41l13.5 71.2h6.4v19H281l-2.9-22h-15.2l-2.7 22h-30L230.1 71.2 230.1 71.2zM276.5 51.7l-5.8-36.4 -6 36.4H276.5z"></path> <image src="https://www.lib.uiowa.edu/includes/uids/images/block-iowa-gold.png" /> </svg> </a> <h1 class="site-name"><a href="https://www.lib.uiowa.edu">University Libraries</a></h1> </div> </div> </header> <!-- #header --> <div class="libraries-alerts-feed"></div><!-- END: Page Header --> <!-- BEGIN: Guide Info Header --> <div id="s-lg-guide-header" class="container s-lib-header s-lib-side-borders"> <nav id="s-lib-bc" aria-label="breadcrumb"> <ol id="s-lib-bc-list" class="breadcrumb"><li id="s-lib-bc-customer" class="breadcrumb-item"><a href="http://www.lib.uiowa.edu/">UI Libraries home</a></li><li id="s-lib-bc-site" class="breadcrumb-item"><a href="https://guides.lib.uiowa.edu/">Guides</a></li><li id="s-lib-bc-guide" class="breadcrumb-item"><a href="https://guides.lib.uiowa.edu/us">United States Government Information</a></li><li id="s-lib-bc-page" class="active breadcrumb-item">Presidential Resources</li></ol> </nav> <div class="pull-right"> <div id="s-lg-guide-header-search"> <div id="s-lg-guide-search-box"> <form role="search" id="s-lg-guide-search-form" action="https://guides.lib.uiowa.edu/srch.php" method="GET"> <div class="input-group input-group-sm"> <input type="text" id="s-lg-guide-search-terms" name="q" class="form-control" maxlength="260" placeholder="Search this Guide"> <label class="sr-only" for="s-lg-guide-search-terms">Search this Guide</label><input type="hidden" name="guide_id" value="131932" /><span class="input-group-btn"><button class="btn btn-default" type="submit">Search</button></span></div></form></div> </div> </div> <div id="s-lg-guide-header-info"> <h1 id="s-lg-guide-name">United States Government Information: Presidential Resources</h1> <div id="s-lg-guide-desc-container"> <span id="s-lg-guide-description">This guide provides access to a selection of resources for current and historical public policy and consumer information issued by U.S. government agencies and private publishers. The University of Iowa is a Federal Depository Library.</span> </div> </div> </div> <!-- END: Guide Info Header --> <div id="s-lg-tabs-container" class="container s-lib-side-borders pad-top-med"> <div id="s-lg-guide-tabs" class="tabs" role="navigation" aria-label="Guide Pages"> <ul class="nav nav-tabs split-button-nav"> <li class=""><a title="" class="" href="https://guides.lib.uiowa.edu/c.php?g=131932&p=863287" ><span>Finding Government Information</span></a></li><li class="dropdown clearfix"><a title="" class="s-lg-tab-top-link pull-left" href="https://guides.lib.uiowa.edu/c.php?g=131932&p=864113" ><span>Info by Topic</span></a><a class="s-lg-tab-drop dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" href="javascript:void(0);" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"><span class="caret"></span><span class="sr-only">Toggle Dropdown</span></a><ul class="s-lg-subtab-ul dropdown-menu"><li class=""><a title="" href="https://guides.lib.uiowa.edu/c.php?g=131932&p=865240" style="" >Agriculture and Biodiversity </a></li><li class=""><a title="" href="https://guides.lib.uiowa.edu/c.php?g=131932&p=865241" style="" >Business, Trade & Economy </a></li><li class=""><a title="" href="https://guides.lib.uiowa.edu/c.php?g=131932&p=865243" style="" >Education </a></li><li class=""><a title="" href="https://guides.lib.uiowa.edu/c.php?g=131932&p=865242" style="" >Energy </a></li><li class=""><a title="" href="https://guides.lib.uiowa.edu/c.php?g=131932&p=865244" style="" >Environment </a></li><li class=""><a title="" href="https://guides.lib.uiowa.edu/c.php?g=131932&p=865245" style="" >Government </a></li><li class=""><a title="" href="https://guides.lib.uiowa.edu/c.php?g=131932&p=865247" style="" >Health </a></li><li class=""><a title="" href="https://guides.lib.uiowa.edu/c.php?g=131932&p=865239" style="" >Humanities and The Arts </a></li><li class=""><a title="" href="https://guides.lib.uiowa.edu/c.php?g=131932&p=865246" style="" >Security & Terrorism </a></li></ul></li><li class="dropdown clearfix"><a title="" class="s-lg-tab-top-link pull-left" href="https://guides.lib.uiowa.edu/c.php?g=131932&p=863660" ><span>Congressional Research</span></a><a class="s-lg-tab-drop dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" href="javascript:void(0);" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"><span class="caret"></span><span class="sr-only">Toggle Dropdown</span></a><ul class="s-lg-subtab-ul dropdown-menu"><li class=""><a title="" href="https://guides.lib.uiowa.edu/c.php?g=131932&p=865073" style="" >Bills and Laws </a></li><li class=""><a title="" href="https://guides.lib.uiowa.edu/c.php?g=131932&p=865074" style="" >Hearings and Prints </a></li><li class=""><a title="" href="https://guides.lib.uiowa.edu/c.php?g=131932&p=865075" style="" >Debates (Congressional Record) </a></li><li class=""><a title="" href="https://guides.lib.uiowa.edu/c.php?g=131932&p=865076" style="" >Committee Reports </a></li><li class=""><a title="" href="https://guides.lib.uiowa.edu/c.php?g=131932&p=865077" style="" >Congressional Research Service Reports </a></li><li class=""><a title="" href="https://guides.lib.uiowa.edu/c.php?g=131932&p=865072" style="" >Related Historical Resources </a></li></ul></li><li class=""><a title="" class="" href="https://guides.lib.uiowa.edu/c.php?g=131932&p=863387" ><span>Data Sources</span></a></li><li class="active"><a title="" class="active" href="https://guides.lib.uiowa.edu/c.php?g=131932&p=862312" ><span>Presidential Resources</span></a></li><li class=""><a title="" class="" href="https://guides.lib.uiowa.edu/c.php?g=131932&p=863301" ><span>U.S. Govt. Websites</span></a></li><li class=""><a title="" class="" href="https://guides.lib.uiowa.edu/c.php?g=131932&p=9475426" ><span>Weird and Wonderful</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="s-lg-guide-tabs-title-bar" class="container s-lib-side-borders"></div> <!-- BEGIN: Guide Content --> <div id="s-lg-guide-main" class="container s-lib-main s-lib-side-borders" tabindex="-1"> <div class="row s-lg-row"><div id="s-lg-col-126" class="col-md-12"><div class="s-lg-col-boxes"></div></div></div><div class="row s-lg-row"><div id="s-lg-col-1" class="col-md-3"><div class="s-lg-col-boxes"><div id="s-lg-box-wrapper-3021564" class="s-lg-box-wrapper-3021564"><div id="s-lg-box-2576337-container" class="s-lib-box-container"> <div id="s-lg-box-2576337" class="s-lib-box s-lib-box-std"> <h2 class="s-lib-box-title">聽聽Iowa Digital Library Image</h2><div id="s-lg-box-collapse-2576337" > <div class="s-lib-box-content"> <div id="s-lg-content-4681154" class=" clearfix"> <p><img alt="Michael W. Lemberger photograph" loading="lazy" src="http://lgimages.s3.amazonaws.com/data/imagemanager/3378/nixon.jpg" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" /></p> <p style="text-align: center;">President Nixon in Ottumwa, IA (1971)</p> <p style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/GPO-NARA-WSPF-NIXON-GRAND-JURY-RECORDS/content-detail.html" target="_blank" title="Nixon Grand Jury Records">Records of the Watergate Special Prosecution Force, 1971 -1977</a></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div><div id="s-lg-box-wrapper-30233692" class="s-lg-box-wrapper-30233692"><div id="s-lg-box-25736813-container" class="s-lib-box-container"> <div id="s-lg-box-25736813" class="s-lib-box s-lib-box-std"> <h2 class="s-lib-box-title">President of the Month</h2><div id="s-lg-box-collapse-25736813" > <div class="s-lib-box-content"> <div id="s-lg-content-59345870" class=" clearfix"> <p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size:20px;"></span><img alt="Thumbnail" class="s-lg-img-mgr-thumbimg" id="s-lg-img-mgr-thumbimg-0" loading="lazy" src="https://libapps.s3.amazonaws.com/accounts/116103/images/presidential_seal.jpg" /></p> </div> <div id="s-lg-content-59346279" class=" clearfix"> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p>The featured President for June of 2023 is Warren G. Harding (b.Nov. 2, 1865-d.Aug.2,1923) the 29th President of the United States. He served only one term and died in office, succeeded by Calvin Coolidge. Born in Blooming Grove, Ohio and moved to Caledonia, Ohio as a youth. Before entering politics, he had a career in journalism and owned the Marion Star newspaper in Marion Ohio. Harding entered politics and became a State Senator, then a U.S. Senator, and finally was elected president on the Republican ticket in 1920. He was popular when in office, but after his death his career was tarnished by Teapot Dome and an extramarital affair.</p> </div><div class=""><ul id="s-lg-link-list-74619798" class="s-lg-link-list s-lg-link-list-2"><li class=""><div id="s-lg-content-72090892" class=""><span><a href="https://www.shapell.org/collection/presidents/harding-warren-g/" target="_blank" onclick="return springSpace.springTrack.trackLink({link: this,_st_type_id: '2',_st_content_id: '72090892',_st_inc_return: this});" data-toggle="popover" data-trigger="hover focus" data-placement="bottom" data-html="true" data-content="from the Shapell collection" >Harding Letters and Documents</a></span></div></li><li class=""><div id="s-lg-content-72090832" class=""><span><a href="https://www.c-span.org/video/?151625-1/life-portrait-warren-g-harding" target="_blank" onclick="return springSpace.springTrack.trackLink({link: this,_st_type_id: '2',_st_content_id: '72090832',_st_inc_return: this});" data-toggle="popover" data-trigger="hover focus" data-placement="bottom" data-html="true" data-content="from C-SPAN" >Life Portrait of Warren G. Harding</a></span></div></li><li class=""><div id="s-lg-content-72090765" class=""><span><a href="https://www.nytimes.com/search?query=Harding%252C+Warren+G." target="_blank" onclick="return springSpace.springTrack.trackLink({link: this,_st_type_id: '2',_st_content_id: '72090765',_st_inc_return: this});">NY Times links to articles on Harding</a></span></div></li><li class=""><div id="s-lg-content-72090752" class=""><span><a href="https://millercenter.org/the-presidency/presidential-speeches#harding" target="_blank" onclick="return springSpace.springTrack.trackLink({link: this,_st_type_id: '2',_st_content_id: '72090752',_st_inc_return: this});" data-toggle="popover" data-trigger="hover focus" data-placement="bottom" data-html="true" data-content="from the Miller Center" >Presidential speeches of Warren G. Harding</a></span></div></li><li class=""><div id="s-lg-content-72090850" class=""><span><a href="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/authors/search/?query=Harding,+Warren+G.+(Warren+Gamaliel)" target="_blank" onclick="return springSpace.springTrack.trackLink({link: this,_st_type_id: '2',_st_content_id: '72090850',_st_inc_return: this});">Project Gutenberg works by Harding</a></span></div></li><li class=""><div id="s-lg-content-72090805" class=""><span><a href="https://www.lib.uiowa.edu/web/search/?q=%22Warren+G.+Harding%22&form_id=uiowa_search_form" target="_blank" onclick="return springSpace.springTrack.trackLink({link: this,_st_type_id: '2',_st_content_id: '72090805',_st_inc_return: this});">UI LIbrary Resources on Warren G. Harding</a></span></div></li><li class=""><div id="s-lg-content-72090788" class=""><span><a href="https://guides.loc.gov/warren-g-harding" target="_blank" onclick="return springSpace.springTrack.trackLink({link: this,_st_type_id: '2',_st_content_id: '72090788',_st_inc_return: this});" data-toggle="popover" data-trigger="hover focus" data-placement="bottom" data-html="true" data-content="from the Library of Congress" >Warren G. Harding resource guide</a></span></div></li><li class=""><div id="s-lg-content-72090738" class=""><span><a href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/about-the-white-house/presidents/warren-g-harding/" target="_blank" onclick="return springSpace.springTrack.trackLink({link: this,_st_type_id: '2',_st_content_id: '72090738',_st_inc_return: this});">Whitehouse biography</a></span></div></li></ul></div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div></div></div><div id="s-lg-col-2" class="col-md-6"><div class="s-lg-col-boxes"><div id="s-lg-box-wrapper-3021565" class="s-lg-box-wrapper-3021565"><div id="s-lg-box-2576338-container" class="s-lib-box-container"> <div id="s-lg-box-2576338" class="s-lib-box s-lib-box-std"> <h2 class="s-lib-box-title">Major Resources</h2><div id="s-lg-box-collapse-2576338" > <div class="s-lib-box-content"> <div class=""><ul id="s-lg-link-list-5305686" class="s-lg-link-list s-lg-link-list-2"><li class=""><div id="s-lg-content-4692253" class=""><span><a href="https://www.govinfo.gov/app/collection/CPD" target="_blank" onclick="return springSpace.springTrack.trackLink({link: this,_st_type_id: '2',_st_content_id: '4692253',_st_inc_return: this});">Compilation of Presidential Documents (1992-present)</a></span></div></li><li class=""><div id="s-lg-content-4692256" class=""><span><a href="https://www.govinfo.gov/app/collection/PPP" target="_blank" onclick="return springSpace.springTrack.trackLink({link: this,_st_type_id: '2',_st_content_id: '4692256',_st_inc_return: this});" data-toggle="popover" data-trigger="hover focus" data-placement="bottom" data-html="true" data-content="In print: (Gov. J80 .A283 from 1929-2003). Note: Papers of Franklin Roosevelt are not part of the series." >Public Papers of the Presidents</a></span></div></li><li class=""><div id="s-lg-content-4692255" class=""><span><a href="https://home.heinonline.org/content/u-s-presidential-library/" target="_blank" onclick="return springSpace.springTrack.trackLink({link: this,_st_type_id: '2',_st_content_id: '4692255',_st_inc_return: this});">U.S. Presidential Library (HeinOnline)</a></span><div class="s-lg-icons pad-left-sm"><ul class=""><li><img loading="lazy" alt="Restricted Resource" class="s-lg-icon" src="//d2jv02qf7xgjwx.cloudfront.net/sites/32/icons/4111/lock_libguide.gif" title="Restricted Resource "/></li></ul></div></div></li><li class=""><div id="s-lg-content-4692254" class=""><span><a href="http://www.whitehouse.gov" target="_blank" onclick="return springSpace.springTrack.trackLink({link: this,_st_type_id: '2',_st_content_id: '4692254',_st_inc_return: this});">White House Home Page</a></span></div></li></ul></div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div><div id="s-lg-box-wrapper-3021566" class="s-lg-box-wrapper-3021566"><div id="s-lg-box-2576339-container" class="s-lib-box-container"> <div id="s-lg-box-2576339" class="s-lib-box s-lib-box-std"> <h2 class="s-lib-box-title">Executive Orders and Proclamations</h2><div id="s-lg-box-collapse-2576339" > <div class="s-lib-box-content"> <div id="s-lg-content-4681155" class=" clearfix"> <p>Executive Orders of the President are working documents directed toward government agencies and officials while Proclamations are directed toward the general public. </p> </div><div class=""><ul id="s-lg-link-list-5305698" class="s-lg-link-list s-lg-link-list-2"><li class=""><div id="s-lg-content-4694216" class=""><span><a href="http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/executive_orders.php" target="_blank" onclick="return springSpace.springTrack.trackLink({link: this,_st_type_id: '2',_st_content_id: '4694216',_st_inc_return: this});">American Presidency Project</a></span></div></li><li class=""><div id="s-lg-content-4692258" class=""><span><a href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?collectionCode=CFR" target="_blank" onclick="return springSpace.springTrack.trackLink({link: this,_st_type_id: '2',_st_content_id: '4692258',_st_inc_return: this});" data-toggle="popover" data-trigger="hover focus" data-placement="bottom" data-html="true" data-content="New Executive Orders and Proclamation are included in the List of Sections Affected (LSA) which is issued monthly, quarterly, and then cumulated in the annual Title 3 compilation." >Code of Federal Regulations - Title 3</a></span></div></li></ul></div><div class=""><ul id="s-lg-link-list-5305692" class="s-lg-link-list s-lg-link-list-10"><li class=""><div id="s-lg-content-4684623" class=""><a href="https://purl.lib.uiowa.edu/gale/ddrs" target="_blank" onclick="return springSpace.springTrack.trackLink({link: this,_st_type_id: '16',_st_content_id: '4684623',_st_inc_return: this});" data-toggle="popover" data-trigger="hover focus" data-placement="bottom" data-html="true" data-content="U.S. government documents obtained from presidential libraries covering every major foreign and domestic event from post WWII through the 1970s." >U.S. Declassified Documents Online (formerly Declassified Documents Reference System)</a> <i class="fa fa-fw fa-external-link " aria-hidden="true" title="This link opens in a new window"></i><span class="sr-only">This link opens in a new window</span><div class="s-lg-icons pad-left-sm"><ul class=""><li><img loading="lazy" alt="Restricted Resource" class="s-lg-icon" src="//d2jv02qf7xgjwx.cloudfront.net/sites/32/icons/4111/lock_libguide.gif" title="Restricted Resource "/></li></ul></div></div></li></ul></div><div class=""><ul id="s-lg-link-list-5305696" class="s-lg-link-list s-lg-link-list-2"><li class=""><div id="s-lg-content-4692259" class=""><span><a href="https://www.federalregister.gov/" target="_blank" onclick="return springSpace.springTrack.trackLink({link: this,_st_type_id: '2',_st_content_id: '4692259',_st_inc_return: this});" data-toggle="popover" data-trigger="hover focus" data-placement="bottom" data-html="true" data-content="Issued Monday-Friday, the FR is the first official form of publication for both Executive Orders and Proclamations. The first place to look for a newly issued EO." >Federal Register</a></span></div></li></ul></div><div class=""><ul id="s-lg-link-list-5305693" class="s-lg-link-list s-lg-link-list-10"><li class=""><div id="s-lg-content-4684736" class=""><a href="https://purl.lib.uiowa.edu/HEIN" target="_blank" onclick="return springSpace.springTrack.trackLink({link: this,_st_type_id: '16',_st_content_id: '4684736',_st_inc_return: this});" data-toggle="popover" data-trigger="hover focus" data-placement="bottom" data-html="true" data-content="Choose "Code of Federal Regulations" or "Federal Register Library"" >HeinOnline</a> <i class="fa fa-fw fa-external-link " aria-hidden="true" title="This link opens in a new window"></i><span class="sr-only">This link opens in a new window</span><div class="s-lg-icons pad-left-sm"><ul class=""><li><img loading="lazy" alt="Restricted Resource" class="s-lg-icon" src="//d2jv02qf7xgjwx.cloudfront.net/sites/32/icons/4111/lock_libguide.gif" title="Restricted Resource "/></li></ul></div></div></li></ul></div><div class=""><ul id="s-lg-link-list-5305697" class="s-lg-link-list s-lg-link-list-2"><li class=""><div id="s-lg-content-4692260" class=""><span><a href="http://www.archives.gov/federal-register/executive-orders/" target="_blank" onclick="return springSpace.springTrack.trackLink({link: this,_st_type_id: '2',_st_content_id: '4692260',_st_inc_return: this});" data-toggle="popover" data-trigger="hover focus" data-placement="bottom" data-html="true" data-content="Full-text of 1) Executive Orders from 1993-present 2) the Codification of Presidential Proclamations and Executive Orders (April 13, 1945-January 20, 1989) and 3) Executive Orders Disposition Tables which describes the status of E.O.'s beginning eith E.O. 7532 (January 8, 1937)-present." >National Archives and Records Administration (NARA)</a></span></div></li></ul></div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div><div id="s-lg-box-wrapper-3021567" class="s-lg-box-wrapper-3021567"><div id="s-lg-box-2576340-container" class="s-lib-box-container"> <div id="s-lg-box-2576340" class="s-lib-box s-lib-box-std"> <h2 class="s-lib-box-title">Other Resources</h2><div id="s-lg-box-collapse-2576340" > <div class="s-lib-box-content"> <div class=""><ul id="s-lg-link-list-5305701" class="s-lg-link-list s-lg-link-list-2"><li class=""><div id="s-lg-content-4692814" class=""><span><a href="https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/001137867?type%5B%5D=all&lookfor%5B%5D=compilation%20of%20the%20messages%20and%20papers%20of%20the%20presidents%20&ft=" target="_blank" onclick="return springSpace.springTrack.trackLink({link: this,_st_type_id: '2',_st_content_id: '4692814',_st_inc_return: this});" data-toggle="popover" data-trigger="hover focus" data-placement="bottom" data-html="true" data-content="Check Infohawk+ for more locations." >Compilation of the Messages and Papers of the Presidents</a></span></div></li><li class=""><div id="s-lg-content-4692813" class=""><span><a href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collection.action?collectionCode=ERP" target="_blank" onclick="return springSpace.springTrack.trackLink({link: this,_st_type_id: '2',_st_content_id: '4692813',_st_inc_return: this});">Economic Report of the President</a></span></div></li><li class=""><div id="s-lg-content-59349492" class=""><span><a href="https://millercenter.org/the-presidency/presidential-speeches" target="_blank" onclick="return springSpace.springTrack.trackLink({link: this,_st_type_id: '2',_st_content_id: '59349492',_st_inc_return: this});" data-toggle="popover" data-trigger="hover focus" data-placement="bottom" data-html="true" data-content="From the Miller Center at the University of Virginia." >Famous Presidential Speeches</a></span></div></li><li class=""><div id="s-lg-content-51993262" class=""><span><a href="https://www.govinfo.gov/features/impeachment-related-publications" target="_blank" onclick="return springSpace.springTrack.trackLink({link: this,_st_type_id: '2',_st_content_id: '51993262',_st_inc_return: this});">Impeachment Related Publications</a></span></div></li><li class=""><div id="s-lg-content-4692261" class=""><span><a href="http://www.archives.gov/presidential-libraries/" target="_blank" onclick="return springSpace.springTrack.trackLink({link: this,_st_type_id: '2',_st_content_id: '4692261',_st_inc_return: this});">Presidential Libraries (NARA)</a></span></div></li><li class=""><div id="s-lg-content-65452308" class=""><span><a href="https://www.archives.gov/presidential-libraries/laws/1978-act.html?_ga=2.203634384.1739824691.1644421836-2093981158.1644421836" target="_blank" onclick="return springSpace.springTrack.trackLink({link: this,_st_type_id: '2',_st_content_id: '65452308',_st_inc_return: this});">Presidential Records Act (PRA) of 1978</a></span></div></li></ul></div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div></div></div><div id="s-lg-col-3" class="col-md-3"><div class="s-lg-col-boxes"><div id="s-lg-box-wrapper-3015543" class="s-lg-box-wrapper-3015543"><div id="s-lg-box-2570981-container" class="s-lib-box-container"> <div id="s-lg-box-2570981" class="s-lib-box s-lib-box-std"> <h2 class="s-lib-box-title">Ask a Librarian</h2><div id="s-lg-box-collapse-2570981" > <div class="s-lib-box-content"> <!-- profile_box_content.twig --> <div id="s-lib-profile-73431" class="s-lib-profile-container"> <a href="//guides.lib.uiowa.edu/prf.php?id=59bfba0a-7cdb-11ed-9922-0ad758b798c3"> <div id="s-lib-profile-image-73431" class="s-lib-profile-div s-lib-profile-center s-lib-profile-image"> <img loading="lazy" src="//d2jv02qf7xgjwx.cloudfront.net/accounts/84627/profiles/73431/headshot_2024.jpg" alt="Profile Photo"/> </div> <div id="s-lib-profile-name-73431" class="s-lib-profile-div s-lib-profile-center s-lib-profile-name" style="margin-bottom:0 !important;"> Ellen Wrede </div> </a> <div id="s-lib-profile-pronouns-73431" class="s-lib-profile-div s-lib-profile-center s-lib-profile-pronouns"> she/her </div> <div id="s-lib-profile-email-73431" class="s-lib-profile-div s-lib-profile-center s-lib-profile-email"> <a title="ellen-wrede@uiowa.edu" href="mailto:ellen-wrede@uiowa.edu" class="label label-info">Email Me</a> </div> <div id="s-lib-profile-widget-la-73431" class="s-lib-profile-div s-lib-profile-widget-la"> <div class="s-lib-profile-widget"></div> </div> <div id="s-lib-profile-widget-lc-73431" class="s-lib-profile-div s-lib-profile-widget-lc"> <div class="s-lib-profile-widget"></div> </div> <div id="s-lib-profile-widget-other-73431" class="s-lib-profile-div s-lib-profile-widget-other"> <div class="s-lib-profile-widget"></div> </div> <div id="s-lib-profile-contact-73431" class="s-lib-profile-div s-lib-profile-contact"> </div> <div id="s-lib-profile-social-73431" class="s-lib-profile-div s-lib-profile-social"> </div> <div id="s-lib-profile-subjects-73431" class="s-lib-profile-div s-lib-profile-subjects"> </div> </div> <!-- !profile_box_content.twig --> </div> </div> </div> </div></div></div></div></div><div class="row s-lg-row"><div id="s-lg-col-127" class="col-md-12"><div class="s-lg-col-boxes"></div></div></div> <ul id="s-lg-page-prevnext" class="pager s-lib-hide"><li class="previous"><a href="https://guides.lib.uiowa.edu/c.php?g=131932&p=863387"><< <strong>Previous:</strong> Data Sources</a></li><li class="next"><a href="https://guides.lib.uiowa.edu/c.php?g=131932&p=863301"><strong>Next:</strong> U.S. Govt. Websites >></a></li></ul></div> <!-- END: Guide Content --> <!-- BEGIN: Page Footer --> <div id="s-lib-footer-public" class="s-lib-footer footer container s-lib-side-borders"> <div id="s-lg-guide-header-meta" class="pad-top-sm pad-left-med clearfix"> <ul id="s-lg-guide-header-attributes" class=""> <li id="s-lg-guide-header-updated" class="s-lg-h-separator"> <span class="s-lg-guide-label">Last Updated:</span> <span class="s-lg-text-greyout">Jul 19, 2024 3:51 PM</span> </li> <li id="s-lg-guide-header-url" class="s-lg-h-separator"> <span class="s-lg-guide-label">URL:</span> <span class="s-lg-text-greyout">https://guides.lib.uiowa.edu/us</span> </li> <li id="s-lg-guide-print-url"> <a href="javascript: window.print();"><i class="fa fa-print" aria-hidden="true" title="Print Page"></i> Print Page</a> </li> </ul> <div id="s-lib-footer-login-link" class="pull-right pad-right-med"> <a href="https://uiowa.libapps.com/libapps/login.php?site_id=32&target64=L2xpYmd1aWRlcy9hZG1pbl9jLnBocD9nPTEzMTkzMiZwPTg2MjMxMg==">Login to LibApps</a> </div> </div> <div class="pad-bottom-sm clearfix"> <div id="s-lg-guide-header-subjects" class="pad-top-sm pad-left-med pad-right-med pull-left"> <span class="s-lg-guide-label">Subjects: </span><span class="s-lg-small bold"><a href="https://guides.lib.uiowa.edu/sb.php?subject_id=29851">Government Information</a>, <a href="https://guides.lib.uiowa.edu/sb.php?subject_id=29860">Law</a>, <a href="https://guides.lib.uiowa.edu/sb.php?subject_id=29866">Political Science</a>, <a href="https://guides.lib.uiowa.edu/sb.php?subject_id=29872">Social Sciences (general)</a>, <a href="https://guides.lib.uiowa.edu/sb.php?subject_id=29885">Statistical Resources</a></span> </div> <div id="s-lg-guide-header-tags" class="pad-top-sm pad-left-med pull-left"> <span class="s-lg-guide-label">Tags: </span><span class="s-lg-small bold"><a href="https://guides.lib.uiowa.edu/srch.php?tag=agriculture&default_lg=1">agriculture</a>, <a href="https://guides.lib.uiowa.edu/srch.php?tag=arts&default_lg=1">arts</a>, <a href="https://guides.lib.uiowa.edu/srch.php?tag=business&default_lg=1">business</a>, <a href="https://guides.lib.uiowa.edu/srch.php?tag=congress&default_lg=1">congress</a>, <a href="https://guides.lib.uiowa.edu/srch.php?tag=data&default_lg=1">data</a>, <a href="https://guides.lib.uiowa.edu/srch.php?tag=economy&default_lg=1">economy</a>, <a href="https://guides.lib.uiowa.edu/srch.php?tag=education&default_lg=1">education</a>, <a href="https://guides.lib.uiowa.edu/srch.php?tag=energy&default_lg=1">energy</a>, <a href="https://guides.lib.uiowa.edu/srch.php?tag=environment&default_lg=1">environment</a>, <a href="https://guides.lib.uiowa.edu/srch.php?tag=foreign_relations&default_lg=1">foreign_relations</a>, <a href="https://guides.lib.uiowa.edu/srch.php?tag=health&default_lg=1">health</a>, <a href="https://guides.lib.uiowa.edu/srch.php?tag=history&default_lg=1">history</a>, <a href="https://guides.lib.uiowa.edu/srch.php?tag=immigration&default_lg=1">immigration</a>, <a href="https://guides.lib.uiowa.edu/srch.php?tag=population&default_lg=1">population</a>, <a href="https://guides.lib.uiowa.edu/srch.php?tag=public_policy&default_lg=1">public_policy</a>, <a href="https://guides.lib.uiowa.edu/srch.php?tag=science&default_lg=1">science</a>, <a href="https://guides.lib.uiowa.edu/srch.php?tag=security&default_lg=1">security</a>, <a href="https://guides.lib.uiowa.edu/srch.php?tag=statistics&default_lg=1">statistics</a></span> </div> <div id="s-lib-footer-support-link" class="pull-right pad-right-med"> <a href="mailto:lib-webmaster@uiowa.edu">Report a problem.</a> </div> </div> </div> <!-- END: Page Footer --> <!-- scroll_top.twig --> <div id="s-lib-scroll-top"> <a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="jQuery('body').focus();" title="Back to Top" aria-label="Back to Top"> <span class="fa-stack fa-lg" aria-hidden="true"> <i class="fa fa-square-o fa-stack-2x"></i> <i class="fa fa-angle-double-up fa-stack-1x" style="position:relative; bottom:2px;"></i> </span> </a> </div> <!-- !scroll_top.twig --> <div id="s-lib-alert" title=""><div id="s-lib-alert-content"></div></div> <!-- BEGIN: Custom Footer --> <footer class="footer-uids footer-uids--standard"> <div class="footer-uids__inner"> <div class="footer-grouping footer-grouping--first"> <div class="uilibraries-branding"> <a class="block-iowa" href="https://uiowa.edu"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" viewBox="0 0 311.6 90.2" aria-labelledby="block-iowa-footer"> <title id="block-iowa-footer">University of Iowa</title> <path class="block-i" d="M40 18.8h-7.3v52.4H40v19H0v-19h7.3V18.8H0V0h40V18.8z"></path> <path class="block-o" d="M93.8 90.2h-29c-10.5 0-17.4-6.9-17.4-18.2V18.2C47.4 7 54.4 0 64.8 0h29c10.5 0 17.4 7 17.4 18.2V72C111.2 83.2 104.2 90.2 93.8 90.2zM85.6 71.2V18.8H73v52.4H85.6z"></path> <path class="block-w" d="M122.6 18.8h-6.4V0h38v18.9H147l6.5 43.4L167 0h19.2l14.4 62.3 5.2-43.4h-6.6V0h37.5v18.9h-6.2l-11.3 71.4h-30.6l-11.8-53.2 -12.1 53.1h-29.4L122.6 18.8z"></path> <path class="block-a" d="M230.1 71.2h6.9L250.7 0h41l13.5 71.2h6.4v19H281l-2.9-22h-15.2l-2.7 22h-30L230.1 71.2 230.1 71.2zM276.5 51.7l-5.8-36.4 -6 36.4H276.5z"></path> <image src="https://www.lib.uiowa.edu/includes/uids/images/block-iowa-gold.png" /> </svg> </a> <a class="libraries-link" href="https://www.lib.uiowa.edu/"><h2>University Libraries</h2></a> </div> <nav role="navigation" class="links-uilibraries links-uilibraries--contact"> <ul> <li><svg aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path d="M243.4 2.587C251.4-.8625 260.6-.8625 268.6 2.587L492.6 98.59C506.6 104.6 514.4 119.6 511.3 134.4C508.3 149.3 495.2 159.1 479.1 160V168C479.1 181.3 469.3 192 455.1 192H55.1C42.74 192 31.1 181.3 31.1 168V160C16.81 159.1 3.708 149.3 .6528 134.4C-2.402 119.6 5.429 104.6 19.39 98.59L243.4 2.587zM256 128C273.7 128 288 113.7 288 96C288 78.33 273.7 64 256 64C238.3 64 224 78.33 224 96C224 113.7 238.3 128 256 128zM127.1 416H167.1V224H231.1V416H280V224H344V416H384V224H448V420.3C448.6 420.6 449.2 420.1 449.8 421.4L497.8 453.4C509.5 461.2 514.7 475.8 510.6 489.3C506.5 502.8 494.1 512 480 512H31.1C17.9 512 5.458 502.8 1.372 489.3C-2.715 475.8 2.515 461.2 14.25 453.4L62.25 421.4C62.82 420.1 63.41 420.6 63.1 420.3V224H127.1V416z"/></svg><a href="https://maps.uiowa.edu/?id=1890#!m/579350?ce/57310?ct/51247">100 Main Library (LIB)</a></li> <li><svg aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 384 512"><path d="M168.3 499.2C116.1 435 0 279.4 0 192C0 85.96 85.96 0 192 0C298 0 384 85.96 384 192C384 279.4 267 435 215.7 499.2C203.4 514.5 180.6 514.5 168.3 499.2H168.3zM192 256C227.3 256 256 227.3 256 192C256 156.7 227.3 128 192 128C156.7 128 128 156.7 128 192C128 227.3 156.7 256 192 256z"/></svg><a href="https://goo.gl/maps/j5BbExWspEbe7rXb6">125 West Washington St, Iowa City, IA 52242-1420</a></li> <li><svg aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path d="M18.92 351.2l108.5-46.52c12.78-5.531 27.77-1.801 36.45 8.98l44.09 53.82c69.25-34 125.5-90.31 159.5-159.5l-53.81-44.04c-10.75-8.781-14.41-23.69-8.974-36.47l46.51-108.5c6.094-13.91 21.1-21.52 35.79-18.11l100.8 23.25c14.25 3.25 24.22 15.8 24.22 30.46c0 252.3-205.2 457.5-457.5 457.5c-14.67 0-27.18-9.968-30.45-24.22l-23.25-100.8C-2.571 372.4 5.018 357.2 18.92 351.2z"/></svg><a href="tel:319-335-5299">319-335-5299 (Service Desk)<br></a></li> <li><svg aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path d="M224 256c70.7 0 128-57.31 128-128s-57.3-128-128-128C153.3 0 96 57.31 96 128S153.3 256 224 256zM274.7 304H173.3C77.61 304 0 381.6 0 477.3c0 19.14 15.52 34.67 34.66 34.67h378.7C432.5 512 448 496.5 448 477.3C448 381.6 370.4 304 274.7 304z"/></svg><a href="https://www.lib.uiowa.edu/contact">Contact us<br></a></li> <li><svg aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path d="M0 256C0 114.6 114.6 0 256 0C397.4 0 512 114.6 512 256C512 397.4 397.4 512 256 512C114.6 512 0 397.4 0 256zM164.1 325.5C158.3 318.8 148.2 318.1 141.5 323.9C134.8 329.7 134.1 339.8 139.9 346.5C162.1 372.1 200.9 400 255.1 400C311.1 400 349.8 372.1 372.1 346.5C377.9 339.8 377.2 329.7 370.5 323.9C363.8 318.1 353.7 318.8 347.9 325.5C329.9 346.2 299.4 368 255.1 368C212.6 368 182 346.2 164.1 325.5H164.1zM176.4 176C158.7 176 144.4 190.3 144.4 208C144.4 225.7 158.7 240 176.4 240C194 240 208.4 225.7 208.4 208C208.4 190.3 194 176 176.4 176zM336.4 240C354 240 368.4 225.7 368.4 208C368.4 190.3 354 176 336.4 176C318.7 176 304.4 190.3 304.4 208C304.4 225.7 318.7 240 336.4 240z"/></svg><a href="https://www.lib.uiowa.edu/people/thank-a-librarian">Thank a Librarian<br></a></li> <li><svg aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path d="M152 0H154.2C186.1 0 215.7 16.91 231.9 44.45L256 85.46L280.1 44.45C296.3 16.91 325.9 0 357.8 0H360C408.6 0 448 39.4 448 88C448 102.4 444.5 115.1 438.4 128H480C497.7 128 512 142.3 512 160V224C512 241.7 497.7 256 480 256H32C14.33 256 0 241.7 0 224V160C0 142.3 14.33 128 32 128H73.6C67.46 115.1 64 102.4 64 88C64 39.4 103.4 0 152 0zM190.5 68.78C182.9 55.91 169.1 48 154.2 48H152C129.9 48 112 65.91 112 88C112 110.1 129.9 128 152 128H225.3L190.5 68.78zM360 48H357.8C342.9 48 329.1 55.91 321.5 68.78L286.7 128H360C382.1 128 400 110.1 400 88C400 65.91 382.1 48 360 48V48zM32 288H224V512H80C53.49 512 32 490.5 32 464V288zM288 512V288H480V464C480 490.5 458.5 512 432 512H288z"/></svg><a href="https://www.lib.uiowa.edu/giving">Give a gift to the Libraries<br></a></li> </ul> </nav> </div> <div class="footer-grouping footer-grouping--second"> <nav role="navigation" class="links-uilibraries links-uilibraries--social-media"> <ul> <li class="instagram"> <a href="https://www.lib.uiowa.edu/azsearch/social/" title="UI Libraries on Instagram"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><title>UI Libraries on Instagram</title><path d="M224.1 141c-63.6 0-114.9 51.3-114.9 114.9s51.3 114.9 114.9 114.9S339 319.5 339 255.9 287.7 141 224.1 141zm0 189.6c-41.1 0-74.7-33.5-74.7-74.7s33.5-74.7 74.7-74.7 74.7 33.5 74.7 74.7-33.6 74.7-74.7 74.7zm146.4-194.3c0 14.9-12 26.8-26.8 26.8-14.9 0-26.8-12-26.8-26.8s12-26.8 26.8-26.8 26.8 12 26.8 26.8zm76.1 27.2c-1.7-35.9-9.9-67.7-36.2-93.9-26.2-26.2-58-34.4-93.9-36.2-37-2.1-147.9-2.1-184.9 0-35.8 1.7-67.6 9.9-93.9 36.1s-34.4 58-36.2 93.9c-2.1 37-2.1 147.9 0 184.9 1.7 35.9 9.9 67.7 36.2 93.9s58 34.4 93.9 36.2c37 2.1 147.9 2.1 184.9 0 35.9-1.7 67.7-9.9 93.9-36.2 26.2-26.2 34.4-58 36.2-93.9 2.1-37 2.1-147.8 0-184.8zM398.8 388c-7.8 19.6-22.9 34.7-42.6 42.6-29.5 11.7-99.5 9-132.1 9s-102.7 2.6-132.1-9c-19.6-7.8-34.7-22.9-42.6-42.6-11.7-29.5-9-99.5-9-132.1s-2.6-102.7 9-132.1c7.8-19.6 22.9-34.7 42.6-42.6 29.5-11.7 99.5-9 132.1-9s102.7-2.6 132.1 9c19.6 7.8 34.7 22.9 42.6 42.6 11.7 29.5 9 99.5 9 132.1s2.7 102.7-9 132.1z"/></svg></a> </li> <li class="facebook"> <a href="https://www.lib.uiowa.edu/azsearch/social/#facebook" title="UI Libraries on Facebook"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><title>UI Libraries on Facebook</title><path d="M400 32H48A48 48 0 0 0 0 80v352a48 48 0 0 0 48 48h137.25V327.69h-63V256h63v-54.64c0-62.15 37-96.48 93.67-96.48 27.14 0 55.52 4.84 55.52 4.84v61h-31.27c-30.81 0-40.42 19.12-40.42 38.73V256h68.78l-11 71.69h-57.78V480H400a48 48 0 0 0 48-48V80a48 48 0 0 0-48-48z"/></svg></a> </li> <li class="x-twitter"> <a href="https://www.lib.uiowa.edu/azsearch/social/#twitter" title="UI Libraries on X (formerly Twitter)"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><title>UI Libraries on X (formerly Twitter)</title><path d="M64 32C28.7 32 0 60.7 0 96V416c0 35.3 28.7 64 64 64H384c35.3 0 64-28.7 64-64V96c0-35.3-28.7-64-64-64H64zm297.1 84L257.3 234.6 379.4 396H283.8L209 298.1 123.3 396H75.8l111-126.9L69.7 116h98l67.7 89.5L313.6 116h47.5zM323.3 367.6L153.4 142.9H125.1L296.9 367.6h26.3z"/></svg></a> </li> <li class="tumblr"> <a href="https://www.lib.uiowa.edu/azsearch/social/#tumblr" title="UI Libraries on Tumblr"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><title>UI Libraries on Tumblr</title><path d="M400 32H48C21.5 32 0 53.5 0 80v352c0 26.5 21.5 48 48 48h352c26.5 0 48-21.5 48-48V80c0-26.5-21.5-48-48-48zm-82.3 364.2c-8.5 9.1-31.2 19.8-60.9 19.8-75.5 0-91.9-55.5-91.9-87.9v-90h-29.7c-3.4 0-6.2-2.8-6.2-6.2v-42.5c0-4.5 2.8-8.5 7.1-10 38.8-13.7 50.9-47.5 52.7-73.2.5-6.9 4.1-10.2 10-10.2h44.3c3.4 0 6.2 2.8 6.2 6.2v72h51.9c3.4 0 6.2 2.8 6.2 6.2v51.1c0 3.4-2.8 6.2-6.2 6.2h-52.1V321c0 21.4 14.8 33.5 42.5 22.4 3-1.2 5.6-2 8-1.4 2.2.5 3.6 2.1 4.6 4.9l13.8 40.2c1 3.2 2 6.7-.3 9.1z"/></svg></a> </li> <li class="youtube"> <a href="https://www.lib.uiowa.edu/azsearch/social/#youtube" title="UI Libraries on YouTube"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><title>UI Libraries on YouTube</title><path d="M186.8 202.1l95.2 54.1-95.2 54.1V202.1zM448 80v352c0 26.5-21.5 48-48 48H48c-26.5 0-48-21.5-48-48V80c0-26.5 21.5-48 48-48h352c26.5 0 48 21.5 48 48zm-42 176.3s0-59.6-7.6-88.2c-4.2-15.8-16.5-28.2-32.2-32.4C337.9 128 224 128 224 128s-113.9 0-142.2 7.7c-15.7 4.2-28 16.6-32.2 32.4-7.6 28.5-7.6 88.2-7.6 88.2s0 59.6 7.6 88.2c4.2 15.8 16.5 27.7 32.2 31.9C110.1 384 224 384 224 384s113.9 0 142.2-7.7c15.7-4.2 28-16.1 32.2-31.9 7.6-28.5 7.6-88.1 7.6-88.1z"/></svg></a> </li> <li class="blogs"> <a href="https://blog.lib.uiowa.edu/" title="UI Libraries blogs"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><title>UI Libraries blogs</title><path d="M25.57 176.1C12.41 175.4 .9117 185.2 .0523 198.4s9.173 24.65 22.39 25.5c120.1 7.875 225.7 112.7 233.6 233.6C256.9 470.3 267.4 480 279.1 480c.5313 0 1.062-.0313 1.594-.0625c13.22-.8438 23.25-12.28 22.39-25.5C294.6 310.3 169.7 185.4 25.57 176.1zM32 32C14.33 32 0 46.31 0 64s14.33 32 32 32c194.1 0 352 157.9 352 352c0 17.69 14.33 32 32 32s32-14.31 32-32C448 218.6 261.4 32 32 32zM63.1 351.9C28.63 351.9 0 380.6 0 416s28.63 64 63.1 64s64.08-28.62 64.08-64S99.37 351.9 63.1 351.9z"/></svg></a> </li> </ul> </nav> <nav role="navigation" class="links-uilibraries links-uilibraries--info"> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.lib.uiowa.edu/hours">Libraries hours</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.lib.uiowa.edu/locations">Libraries locations</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.lib.uiowa.edu/news">News & events</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.lib.uiowa.edu/help">Help using the Libraries</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.lib.uiowa.edu/help/disabilities">Assistance for people with disabilities</a></li> </ul> </nav> <nav role="navigation" class="links-uilibraries links-uilibraries--misc-icons"> <ul> <li class="internet-archive"> <a href="https://www.lib.uiowa.edu/web/archive/" title="UI Libraries in the Internet Archive"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 448"><title>UI Libraries in the Internet Archive</title><path d="M336.685 430.133h-63.4c-9.855 0-9.855 0-9.855-9.6V309.855c0-5.6-1.598-7.2-7.192-7.2-21.045.266-42.089.266-63.4 0-5.86 0-7.191 1.867-7.191 7.467.266 37.603 0 75.206.266 112.543 0 5.867-1.865 7.467-7.725 7.467-42.088-.267-83.91.267-125.998-.267-9.857-.267-20.512-2.133-29.835-5.6-16.782-6.4-25.04-25.069-21.577-42.404 2.93-14.134 9.856-26.135 16.782-38.403 17.581-30.67 35.429-61.072 53.276-91.74 17.581-30.136 34.896-60.539 52.21-90.675 10.39-18.401 20.779-36.803 31.434-54.938 11.987-20.001 23.175-40.803 36.76-59.738 16.25-23.202 48.482-22.935 65.53-.533 7.459 9.867 13.586 20.535 19.979 31.202 19.978 34.137 39.424 68.273 59.136 102.409 30.102 52.27 59.936 104.542 90.037 156.813 7.725 13.334 16.782 26.135 20.512 41.603 6.393 25.869-7.193 46.67-33.298 50.937-5.86 1.067-11.72 1.067-17.848 1.6h-1.864c-18.38-.266-37.56-.266-56.74-.266Zm-69.792-202.95c0-22.935-19.712-42.67-42.355-42.403-22.376.266-41.822 19.734-41.822 42.403-.266 22.135 19.446 42.67 41.822 42.137 25.04-.534 41.822-18.668 42.355-42.137Z" /></svg></a> </li> <li class="creative-commons"> <a href="https://www.lib.uiowa.edu/about/policies/cc/" title="Use and reuse of UI Libraries web content - Creative Commons"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 496 512"><title>Creative Commons</title><path d="M245.83 214.87l-33.22 17.28c-9.43-19.58-25.24-19.93-27.46-19.93-22.13 0-33.22 14.61-33.22 43.84 0 23.57 9.21 43.84 33.22 43.84 14.47 0 24.65-7.09 30.57-21.26l30.55 15.5c-6.17 11.51-25.69 38.98-65.1 38.98-22.6 0-73.96-10.32-73.96-77.05 0-58.69 43-77.06 72.63-77.06 30.72-.01 52.7 11.95 65.99 35.86zm143.05 0l-32.78 17.28c-9.5-19.77-25.72-19.93-27.9-19.93-22.14 0-33.22 14.61-33.22 43.84 0 23.55 9.23 43.84 33.22 43.84 14.45 0 24.65-7.09 30.54-21.26l31 15.5c-2.1 3.75-21.39 38.98-65.09 38.98-22.69 0-73.96-9.87-73.96-77.05 0-58.67 42.97-77.06 72.63-77.06 30.71-.01 52.58 11.95 65.56 35.86zM247.56 8.05C104.74 8.05 0 123.11 0 256.05c0 138.49 113.6 248 247.56 248 129.93 0 248.44-100.87 248.44-248 0-137.87-106.62-248-248.44-248zm.87 450.81c-112.54 0-203.7-93.04-203.7-202.81 0-105.42 85.43-203.27 203.72-203.27 112.53 0 202.82 89.46 202.82 203.26-.01 121.69-99.68 202.82-202.84 202.82z"/></svg><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 496 512"><title>Creative Commons - By</title><path d="M314.9 194.4v101.4h-28.3v120.5h-77.1V295.9h-28.3V194.4c0-4.4 1.6-8.2 4.6-11.3 3.1-3.1 6.9-4.7 11.3-4.7H299c4.1 0 7.8 1.6 11.1 4.7 3.1 3.2 4.8 6.9 4.8 11.3zm-101.5-63.7c0-23.3 11.5-35 34.5-35s34.5 11.7 34.5 35c0 23-11.5 34.5-34.5 34.5s-34.5-11.5-34.5-34.5zM247.6 8C389.4 8 496 118.1 496 256c0 147.1-118.5 248-248.4 248C113.6 504 0 394.5 0 256 0 123.1 104.7 8 247.6 8zm.8 44.7C130.2 52.7 44.7 150.6 44.7 256c0 109.8 91.2 202.8 203.7 202.8 103.2 0 202.8-81.1 202.8-202.8.1-113.8-90.2-203.3-202.8-203.3z"/></svg></a> </li> <li class="staff-sharepoint"> <a href="https://iowa.sharepoint.com/sites/libraries/" title="UI Libraries' SharePoint (authentication required)"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><title>Libraries' SharePoint (authentication required)</title><path d="M344.7 238.5l-144.1-136C193.7 95.97 183.4 94.17 174.6 97.95C165.8 101.8 160.1 110.4 160.1 120V192H32.02C14.33 192 0 206.3 0 224v64c0 17.68 14.33 32 32.02 32h128.1v72c0 9.578 5.707 18.25 14.51 22.05c8.803 3.781 19.03 1.984 26-4.594l144.1-136C354.3 264.4 354.3 247.6 344.7 238.5zM416 32h-64c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32s14.33 32 32 32h64c17.67 0 32 14.33 32 32v256c0 17.67-14.33 32-32 32h-64c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32s14.33 32 32 32h64c53.02 0 96-42.98 96-96V128C512 74.98 469 32 416 32z"/></svg></a> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> <div class="footer-grouping footer-grouping--third"> <nav role="navigation" class="links-uids links-uids--global"> <ul> <li class="copyright">漏<?php echo date("Y"); ?> The University of Iowa</li> <li class="privacy"><a href="https://uiowa.edu/privacy">Privacy Notice</a></li> <li class="nondiscrimination"><a href="https://opsmanual.uiowa.edu/community-policies/nondiscrimination-statement">UI Nondiscrimination Statement</a></li> <li class="accessibility"><a href="https://uiowa.edu/accessibility">Accessibility</a></li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> </footer> <!-- END: Custom Footer --> <!-- BEGIN: Analytics code --><script type="text/javascript"> var _gaq = _gaq || []; _gaq.push(['_setAccount', 'UA-783364-39']); _gaq.push(['_trackPageview']); (function() { var ga = document.createElement('script'); ga.type = 'text/javascript'; ga.async = true; ga.src = ('https:' == document.location.protocol ? 'https://ssl' : 'http://www') + '.google-analytics.com/ga.js'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(ga, s); })(); </script><!-- END: Analytics code --></body> </html>