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class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" 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class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Quadriga</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 44 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-44" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">44 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A9_%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%84" title="عربة رباعية الخيول – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="عربة رباعية الخيول" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuadriga" title="Cuadriga – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Cuadriga" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Квадрыга – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Квадрыга" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Квадрига – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Квадрига" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pevar-yev" title="Pevar-yev – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Pevar-yev" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quadriga" title="Quadriga – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Quadriga" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quadriga_(firspand)" title="Quadriga (firspand) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Quadriga (firspand)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quadriga" title="Quadriga – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Quadriga" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvadriiga" title="Kvadriiga – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kvadriiga" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuadriga" title="Cuadriga – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cuadriga" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvadrigo" title="Kvadrigo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kvadrigo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koadriga" title="Koadriga – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Koadriga" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%BA" title="چهاریوغ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="چهاریوغ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quadrige" title="Quadrige – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Quadrige" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuadriga" title="Cuadriga – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Cuadriga" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%BD%B0%EB%93%9C%EB%A6%AC%EA%B0%80" title="콰드리가 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="콰드리가" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%94%D5%A1%D5%BC%D5%A1%D5%B1%D5%AB_%D5%B4%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%BC%D6%84" title="Քառաձի մարտակառք – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Քառաձի մարտակառք" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quadrigo" title="Quadrigo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Quadrigo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quadriga" title="Quadriga – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Quadriga" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%95%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%92%D7%94" title="קוודריגה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קוודריגה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szt%C3%ABr%C3%ABk%C3%B2niowi_zaprzig" title="Sztërëkòniowi zaprzig – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Sztërëkòniowi zaprzig" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Квадрига – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Квадрига" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quadrigae" title="Quadrigae – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Quadrigae" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvadriga" title="Kvadriga – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kvadriga" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quadriga" title="Quadriga – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Quadriga" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvadriga" title="Kvadriga – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kvadriga" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quadriga" title="Quadriga – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Quadriga" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quadriga" title="Quadriga – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Quadriga" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AF%E3%82%A2%E3%83%89%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AC" title="クアドリガ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="クアドリガ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvadriga" title="Kvadriga – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kvadriga" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwadryga" title="Kwadryga – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kwadryga" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quadriga" title="Quadriga – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Quadriga" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cvadrig%C4%83" title="Cvadrigă – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Cvadrigă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Квадрига – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Квадрига" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quadriga" title="Quadriga – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Quadriga" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvadriga_(architekt%C3%BAra)" title="Kvadriga (architektúra) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kvadriga (architektúra)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvadriga" title="Kvadriga – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kvadriga" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Квадрига – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Квадрига" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvadriga" title="Kvadriga – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kvadriga" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quadriga_(fyrspann)" title="Quadriga (fyrspann) – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Quadriga (fyrspann)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quadriga" title="Quadriga – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Quadriga" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Квадрига – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Квадрига" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chi%E1%BA%BFn_xa_t%E1%BB%A9_m%C3%A3" title="Chiến xa tứ mã – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Chiến xa tứ mã" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E9%A6%AC%E6%88%B0%E8%BB%8A" title="四馬戰車 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="四馬戰車" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q155987#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> 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.hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Quadriga_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Quadriga (disambiguation)">Quadriga (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/quadriga" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Special:Search/quadriga">quadriga</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Horses_of_Basilica_San_Marco_bright.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Horses_of_Basilica_San_Marco_bright.jpg/310px-Horses_of_Basilica_San_Marco_bright.jpg" decoding="async" width="310" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Horses_of_Basilica_San_Marco_bright.jpg/465px-Horses_of_Basilica_San_Marco_bright.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Horses_of_Basilica_San_Marco_bright.jpg/620px-Horses_of_Basilica_San_Marco_bright.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3859" data-file-height="2737" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Horses_of_Saint_Mark" title="Horses of Saint Mark">Horses of Saint Mark</a> in <a href="/wiki/Venice" title="Venice">Venice</a></figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>quadriga</b> is a car or <a href="/wiki/Chariot" title="Chariot">chariot</a> drawn by four <a href="/wiki/Horse" title="Horse">horses</a> abreast and favoured for <a href="/wiki/Chariot_racing" title="Chariot racing">chariot racing</a> in <a href="/wiki/Classical_antiquity" title="Classical antiquity">classical antiquity</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a>. The word derives from the <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">quadrigae</i></span>, a contraction of <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">quadriiugae</i></span>, from <i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/quadri-" class="extiw" title="wikt:quadri-">quadri-</a></i>: four, and <i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/iugum" class="extiw" title="wikt:iugum">iugum</a></i>: yoke. In Latin the word <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">quadrigae</i></span> is almost always used in the plural<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and usually refers to the team of four horses rather than the chariot they pull.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Greek, a four-horse chariot was known as <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">τέθριππον</span></span> <span title="Ancient Greek transliteration" lang="grc-Latn"><i>téthrippon</i></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The four-horse abreast arrangement in a <i>quadriga</i> is distinct from the more common <a href="/wiki/Four-in-hand_(carriage)" title="Four-in-hand (carriage)">four-in-hand</a> array of two horses in the front plus two horses behind those. </p><p><i>Quadrigae</i> were raced in the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Olympic_Games" title="Ancient Olympic Games">Ancient Olympic Games</a> and other contests. They are represented in profile pulling the chariot of <a href="/wiki/Greek_mythology" title="Greek mythology">gods and heroes</a> on <a href="/wiki/Greek_vase" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek vase">Greek vases</a> and in <a href="/wiki/Bas-relief" class="mw-redirect" title="Bas-relief">bas-relief</a>. During the festival of the <a href="/wiki/Halieia" title="Halieia">Halieia</a>, the ancient <a href="/wiki/Rhodes" title="Rhodes">Rhodians</a> would sacrifice a <i>quadriga</i>-chariot by throwing it into the sea.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i>quadriga</i> was adopted in <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">ancient Roman</a> <a href="/wiki/Chariot_racing" title="Chariot racing">chariot racing</a>. </p><p><i>Quadrigas</i> were emblems of triumph. <a href="/wiki/Victoria_(mythology)" title="Victoria (mythology)">Victory</a> or <a href="/wiki/Pheme" title="Pheme">Fame</a> are often depicted as the triumphant woman driving it. In <a href="/wiki/Classical_mythology" title="Classical mythology">classical mythology</a>, the <i>quadriga</i> is the chariot of the gods. The <a href="/wiki/Solar_deity" title="Solar deity">god of the Sun</a> <a href="/wiki/Helios" title="Helios">Helios</a>, often identified with <a href="/wiki/Apollo" title="Apollo">Apollo</a>, the god of light, was depicted driving his <i>quadriga</i> across the heavens, delivering daylight and dispersing the night.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rilievo_da_monumento_onorario_di_Marco_Aurelio_trionfo,_176-180.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Rilievo_da_monumento_onorario_di_Marco_Aurelio_trionfo%2C_176-180.JPG/220px-Rilievo_da_monumento_onorario_di_Marco_Aurelio_trionfo%2C_176-180.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="239" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Rilievo_da_monumento_onorario_di_Marco_Aurelio_trionfo%2C_176-180.JPG/330px-Rilievo_da_monumento_onorario_di_Marco_Aurelio_trionfo%2C_176-180.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Rilievo_da_monumento_onorario_di_Marco_Aurelio_trionfo%2C_176-180.JPG/440px-Rilievo_da_monumento_onorario_di_Marco_Aurelio_trionfo%2C_176-180.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="2088" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Marcus_Aurelius" title="Marcus Aurelius">Marcus Aurelius</a> celebrating his <a href="/wiki/Roman_triumph" title="Roman triumph">Roman triumph</a> in 176 AD over the enemies of the <a href="/wiki/Marcomannic_Wars" title="Marcomannic Wars">Marcomannic Wars</a>, from his now destroyed triumphal arch in Rome, <a href="/wiki/Capitoline_Museums" title="Capitoline Museums">Capitoline Museums</a>, 176–180 AD</figcaption></figure> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Classical_sculpture">Classical sculpture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quadriga&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Classical sculpture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BnF_MS_Gr510_folio_69_verso_-_detail_-_Triumph_of_Joseph.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/BnF_MS_Gr510_folio_69_verso_-_detail_-_Triumph_of_Joseph.jpg/220px-BnF_MS_Gr510_folio_69_verso_-_detail_-_Triumph_of_Joseph.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="230" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/BnF_MS_Gr510_folio_69_verso_-_detail_-_Triumph_of_Joseph.jpg/330px-BnF_MS_Gr510_folio_69_verso_-_detail_-_Triumph_of_Joseph.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/BnF_MS_Gr510_folio_69_verso_-_detail_-_Triumph_of_Joseph.jpg/440px-BnF_MS_Gr510_folio_69_verso_-_detail_-_Triumph_of_Joseph.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1226" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Genesis#41:42" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Genesis">Genesis 41:42–43</a>: "And Pharaoh … made him to ride in the second chariot which he had; and they cried before him, bow the knee: and he made him ruler over all the land of Egypt." <a href="/wiki/Miniature_(illuminated_manuscript)" title="Miniature (illuminated manuscript)">Miniature</a> from the <i><a href="/wiki/Paris_Gregory" title="Paris Gregory">Paris Gregory</a></i>, a 9th-century Greek manuscript, <a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">Bibliothèque nationale de France</a></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Horses_of_Saint_Mark" title="Horses of Saint Mark">Horses of Saint Mark</a></div> <p>Modern sculptural <i>quadrigas</i> are based on the four bronze <a href="/wiki/Horses_of_Saint_Mark" title="Horses of Saint Mark">Horses of Saint Mark</a> or the "Triumphal <i>Quadriga</i>", a set of equine <a href="/wiki/Classical_sculpture" title="Classical sculpture">Roman or Greek sculptures</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="Quotation needed from source to verify. (April 2016)">need quotation to verify</span></a></i>]</sup> Their age is disputed. Originally erected in the <a href="/wiki/Hippodrome_of_Constantinople" title="Hippodrome of Constantinople">Hippodrome of Constantinople</a>, possibly on a <a href="/wiki/Triumphal_arch" title="Triumphal arch">triumphal arch</a>, they are now in <a href="/wiki/St_Mark%27s_Basilica" title="St Mark's Basilica">St Mark's Basilica</a> in <a href="/wiki/Venice" title="Venice">Venice</a>. </p><p>Venetian <a href="/wiki/The_Crusades" class="mw-redirect" title="The Crusades">Crusaders</a> looted these sculptures in the <a href="/wiki/Fourth_Crusade" title="Fourth Crusade">Fourth Crusade</a>, which dates them to at least 1204, and placed them on the terrace of <a href="/wiki/St_Mark%27s_Basilica" title="St Mark's Basilica">St Mark's Basilica</a>. <a href="/wiki/French_Revolutionary_Wars:_Campaigns_of_1797" class="mw-redirect" title="French Revolutionary Wars: Campaigns of 1797">In 1797</a>, <a href="/wiki/Napoleon_I_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoleon I of France">Napoleon</a> carried the <i>quadriga</i> off to Paris. They were returned after Napoleon's fall. Due to the effects of atmospheric pollution, the original <i>quadriga</i> was retired to a museum and replaced with a replica in the 1980s. </p><p><i>Quadrigae</i> also appear on the <a href="/wiki/Frieze" title="Frieze">frieze</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Libyco-Punic_Mausoleum_of_Dougga" title="Libyco-Punic Mausoleum of Dougga">Libyco-Punic Mausoleum of Dougga</a>, which dates to the 2nd century BC. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ilion---metopa.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Helios in his chariot, early 4th century BC, Athena's temple, Ilion"><img alt="Helios in his chariot, early 4th century BC, Athena's temple, Ilion" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Ilion---metopa.jpg/120px-Ilion---metopa.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Ilion---metopa.jpg/180px-Ilion---metopa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Ilion---metopa.jpg/240px-Ilion---metopa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="528" data-file-height="514" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Helios in his chariot, early 4th century BC, <a href="/wiki/Athena" title="Athena">Athena</a>'s temple, <a href="/wiki/Troy" title="Troy">Ilion</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Paestum_Quadriga1.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="A Lucanian fresco from Paestum depicting a quadriga, 4th century BC"><img alt="A Lucanian fresco from Paestum depicting a quadriga, 4th century BC" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Paestum_Quadriga1.JPG/120px-Paestum_Quadriga1.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Paestum_Quadriga1.JPG/180px-Paestum_Quadriga1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Paestum_Quadriga1.JPG/240px-Paestum_Quadriga1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A <a href="/wiki/Lucania" title="Lucania">Lucanian</a> fresco from <a href="/wiki/Paestum" title="Paestum">Paestum</a> depicting a <i>quadriga</i>, 4th century BC</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Detail_of_Mausol%C3%A9e_libyco-punique.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A frieze on the 2nd-century BC Libyco-Punic Mausoleum of Dougga"><img alt="A frieze on the 2nd-century BC Libyco-Punic Mausoleum of Dougga" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Detail_of_Mausol%C3%A9e_libyco-punique.jpg/120px-Detail_of_Mausol%C3%A9e_libyco-punique.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="77" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Detail_of_Mausol%C3%A9e_libyco-punique.jpg/180px-Detail_of_Mausol%C3%A9e_libyco-punique.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Detail_of_Mausol%C3%A9e_libyco-punique.jpg/240px-Detail_of_Mausol%C3%A9e_libyco-punique.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2966" data-file-height="1905" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A frieze on the 2nd-century BC <a href="/wiki/Libyco-Punic_Mausoleum_of_Dougga" title="Libyco-Punic Mausoleum of Dougga">Libyco-Punic Mausoleum of Dougga</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bulla_d%27oro_con_tinia,_giove_e_minerva_su_quadriga_alata,_da_vulci,_350_ac_ca._02.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Jupiter and Minerva riding a quadriga drawn by pegasi on a 4th-century BC gold Etruscan bulla, Museo Gregoriano Etrusco"><img alt="Jupiter and Minerva riding a quadriga drawn by pegasi on a 4th-century BC gold Etruscan bulla, Museo Gregoriano Etrusco" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Bulla_d%27oro_con_tinia%2C_giove_e_minerva_su_quadriga_alata%2C_da_vulci%2C_350_ac_ca._02.JPG/104px-Bulla_d%27oro_con_tinia%2C_giove_e_minerva_su_quadriga_alata%2C_da_vulci%2C_350_ac_ca._02.JPG" decoding="async" width="104" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Bulla_d%27oro_con_tinia%2C_giove_e_minerva_su_quadriga_alata%2C_da_vulci%2C_350_ac_ca._02.JPG/156px-Bulla_d%27oro_con_tinia%2C_giove_e_minerva_su_quadriga_alata%2C_da_vulci%2C_350_ac_ca._02.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Bulla_d%27oro_con_tinia%2C_giove_e_minerva_su_quadriga_alata%2C_da_vulci%2C_350_ac_ca._02.JPG/207px-Bulla_d%27oro_con_tinia%2C_giove_e_minerva_su_quadriga_alata%2C_da_vulci%2C_350_ac_ca._02.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1404" data-file-height="1624" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Jupiter_(mythology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jupiter (mythology)">Jupiter</a> and <a href="/wiki/Minerva" title="Minerva">Minerva</a> riding a <i>quadriga</i> drawn by <i>pegasi</i> on a 4th-century BC gold <a href="/wiki/Etruscan_art" title="Etruscan art">Etruscan</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Bulla_(amulet)" title="Bulla (amulet)">bulla</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Museo_Gregoriano_Etrusco" class="mw-redirect" title="Museo Gregoriano Etrusco">Museo Gregoriano Etrusco</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bodh_Gaya_quadriga_relief.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A relief of a quadriga of Sun god Surya at Bodh Gaya, India"><img alt="A relief of a quadriga of Sun god Surya at Bodh Gaya, India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Bodh_Gaya_quadriga_relief.jpg/120px-Bodh_Gaya_quadriga_relief.jpg" decoding="async" width="113" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Bodh_Gaya_quadriga_relief.jpg/250px-Bodh_Gaya_quadriga_relief.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="760" data-file-height="805" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A relief of a <i>quadriga</i> of Sun god <a href="/wiki/Surya" title="Surya">Surya</a> at <a href="/wiki/Bodh_Gaya" title="Bodh Gaya">Bodh Gaya</a>, India</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:0458_-_Roma,_Museo_d._civilt%C3%A0_romana_-_Sarcofago_Mattei_Foto_Giovanni_Dall%27Orto,_12-Apr-2008.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Apollo as the Sun god. Cast of the sarcofago matti (c. 220 AD), Museum of Roman Civilization"><img alt="Apollo as the Sun god. Cast of the sarcofago matti (c. 220 AD), Museum of Roman Civilization" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/0458_-_Roma%2C_Museo_d._civilt%C3%A0_romana_-_Sarcofago_Mattei_Foto_Giovanni_Dall%27Orto%2C_12-Apr-2008.jpg/120px-0458_-_Roma%2C_Museo_d._civilt%C3%A0_romana_-_Sarcofago_Mattei_Foto_Giovanni_Dall%27Orto%2C_12-Apr-2008.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/0458_-_Roma%2C_Museo_d._civilt%C3%A0_romana_-_Sarcofago_Mattei_Foto_Giovanni_Dall%27Orto%2C_12-Apr-2008.jpg/180px-0458_-_Roma%2C_Museo_d._civilt%C3%A0_romana_-_Sarcofago_Mattei_Foto_Giovanni_Dall%27Orto%2C_12-Apr-2008.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/0458_-_Roma%2C_Museo_d._civilt%C3%A0_romana_-_Sarcofago_Mattei_Foto_Giovanni_Dall%27Orto%2C_12-Apr-2008.jpg/240px-0458_-_Roma%2C_Museo_d._civilt%C3%A0_romana_-_Sarcofago_Mattei_Foto_Giovanni_Dall%27Orto%2C_12-Apr-2008.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1360" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Apollo" title="Apollo">Apollo</a> as the Sun god. Cast of the <i>sarcofago matti</i> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 220 AD</span>), <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Roman_Civilization" title="Museum of Roman Civilization">Museum of Roman Civilization</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:8721_-_Roma,_museo_civilt%C3%A0_Romana_-_Sarcofago_di_Stilicone_-_Foto_Giovanni_Dall%27Orto_12-Apr-2008.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Detail from a plaster cast of the late 4th-century so-called Sarcophagus of Stilicho, Museum of Roman Civilization"><img alt="Detail from a plaster cast of the late 4th-century so-called Sarcophagus of Stilicho, Museum of Roman Civilization" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/8721_-_Roma%2C_museo_civilt%C3%A0_Romana_-_Sarcofago_di_Stilicone_-_Foto_Giovanni_Dall%27Orto_12-Apr-2008.jpg/90px-8721_-_Roma%2C_museo_civilt%C3%A0_Romana_-_Sarcofago_di_Stilicone_-_Foto_Giovanni_Dall%27Orto_12-Apr-2008.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/8721_-_Roma%2C_museo_civilt%C3%A0_Romana_-_Sarcofago_di_Stilicone_-_Foto_Giovanni_Dall%27Orto_12-Apr-2008.jpg/135px-8721_-_Roma%2C_museo_civilt%C3%A0_Romana_-_Sarcofago_di_Stilicone_-_Foto_Giovanni_Dall%27Orto_12-Apr-2008.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/8721_-_Roma%2C_museo_civilt%C3%A0_Romana_-_Sarcofago_di_Stilicone_-_Foto_Giovanni_Dall%27Orto_12-Apr-2008.jpg/180px-8721_-_Roma%2C_museo_civilt%C3%A0_Romana_-_Sarcofago_di_Stilicone_-_Foto_Giovanni_Dall%27Orto_12-Apr-2008.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Detail from a <a href="/wiki/Plaster_cast" title="Plaster cast">plaster cast</a> of the late 4th-century so-called <a href="/wiki/Sarcophagus_of_Stilicho" title="Sarcophagus of Stilicho">Sarcophagus of Stilicho</a>, <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Roman_Civilization" title="Museum of Roman Civilization">Museum of Roman Civilization</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Echiquier_de_Charlemagne_quadrige%3Dtour_CdM.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="An 11th-century rook from Southern Italy in the form of Charlemagne in a quadriga, from the Charlemagne chessmen, Cabinet des Médailles"><img alt="An 11th-century rook from Southern Italy in the form of Charlemagne in a quadriga, from the Charlemagne chessmen, Cabinet des Médailles" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Echiquier_de_Charlemagne_quadrige%3Dtour_CdM.jpg/90px-Echiquier_de_Charlemagne_quadrige%3Dtour_CdM.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Echiquier_de_Charlemagne_quadrige%3Dtour_CdM.jpg/135px-Echiquier_de_Charlemagne_quadrige%3Dtour_CdM.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Echiquier_de_Charlemagne_quadrige%3Dtour_CdM.jpg/180px-Echiquier_de_Charlemagne_quadrige%3Dtour_CdM.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1812" data-file-height="2421" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">An 11th-century <a href="/wiki/Rook_(chess)" title="Rook (chess)">rook</a> from Southern Italy in the form of <a href="/wiki/Charlemagne" title="Charlemagne">Charlemagne</a> in a <i>quadriga</i>, from the <a href="/wiki/Charlemagne_chessmen" title="Charlemagne chessmen">Charlemagne chessmen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_des_M%C3%A9dailles" class="mw-redirect" title="Cabinet des Médailles">Cabinet des Médailles</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Variations">Variations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quadriga&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Variations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Though <i>quadrigae</i> were usually drawn by horses, occasionally, other animals or mythological creatures were employed in spectacles and in art. Elephants were sometimes used to draw <i>quadrigae</i> in the <a href="/wiki/Roman_imperial_period_(chronology)" title="Roman imperial period (chronology)">Roman imperial period</a>, and more frequently elephant <i>quadrigae</i> were depicted on coins and other official images. In art and sculpture, <i>quadrigae</i> ridden in by the gods were appropriate to their characters; Neptune's <i>quadriga</i> was drawn, for example, by <a href="/wiki/Hippocampus_(mythology)" title="Hippocampus (mythology)">hippocampi</a> (mythological sea-horses). </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bardo(js)052.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The triumph of Neptune and Venus in a quadriga drawn by hippocampi in a mosaic from Utica in Africa, Bardo National Museum"><img alt="The triumph of Neptune and Venus in a quadriga drawn by hippocampi in a mosaic from Utica in Africa, Bardo National Museum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Bardo%28js%29052.jpg/120px-Bardo%28js%29052.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Bardo%28js%29052.jpg/250px-Bardo%28js%29052.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="749" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The triumph of <a href="/wiki/Neptune_(mythology)" title="Neptune (mythology)">Neptune</a> and <a href="/wiki/Venus_(mythology)" title="Venus (mythology)">Venus</a> in a <i>quadriga</i> drawn by hippocampi in a mosaic from <a href="/wiki/Utica,_Tunisia" title="Utica, Tunisia">Utica</a> in <a href="/wiki/Africa_(Roman_province)" title="Africa (Roman province)">Africa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bardo_National_Museum_(Tunis)" title="Bardo National Museum (Tunis)">Bardo National Museum</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Venus_sur_un_char_tir%C3%A9_par_des_%C3%A9lp%C3%A9hants_-_Pomp%C3%A9i_-_Atelier_des_Feutriers.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Venus riding in a quadriga drawn by elephants, 1st-century AD fresco from Pompeii"><img alt="Venus riding in a quadriga drawn by elephants, 1st-century AD fresco from Pompeii" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Venus_sur_un_char_tir%C3%A9_par_des_%C3%A9lp%C3%A9hants_-_Pomp%C3%A9i_-_Atelier_des_Feutriers.jpg/120px-Venus_sur_un_char_tir%C3%A9_par_des_%C3%A9lp%C3%A9hants_-_Pomp%C3%A9i_-_Atelier_des_Feutriers.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Venus_sur_un_char_tir%C3%A9_par_des_%C3%A9lp%C3%A9hants_-_Pomp%C3%A9i_-_Atelier_des_Feutriers.jpg/180px-Venus_sur_un_char_tir%C3%A9_par_des_%C3%A9lp%C3%A9hants_-_Pomp%C3%A9i_-_Atelier_des_Feutriers.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Venus_sur_un_char_tir%C3%A9_par_des_%C3%A9lp%C3%A9hants_-_Pomp%C3%A9i_-_Atelier_des_Feutriers.jpg/240px-Venus_sur_un_char_tir%C3%A9_par_des_%C3%A9lp%C3%A9hants_-_Pomp%C3%A9i_-_Atelier_des_Feutriers.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3654" data-file-height="2820" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Venus_(mythology)" title="Venus (mythology)">Venus</a> riding in a <i>quadriga</i> drawn by elephants, 1st-century AD fresco from <a href="/wiki/Pompeii" title="Pompeii">Pompeii</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Medaglione_di_diocleziano_e_massimiano_ercole,_oro,_con_quadriga_di_elefanti,_soldati_e_vittoria.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Medallion of the co-augusti Diocletian and Maximian (r. 285–305) riding in a quadriga drawn by elephants and crowned by Victory"><img alt="Medallion of the co-augusti Diocletian and Maximian (r. 285–305) riding in a quadriga drawn by elephants and crowned by Victory" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Medaglione_di_diocleziano_e_massimiano_ercole%2C_oro%2C_con_quadriga_di_elefanti%2C_soldati_e_vittoria.JPG/120px-Medaglione_di_diocleziano_e_massimiano_ercole%2C_oro%2C_con_quadriga_di_elefanti%2C_soldati_e_vittoria.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Medaglione_di_diocleziano_e_massimiano_ercole%2C_oro%2C_con_quadriga_di_elefanti%2C_soldati_e_vittoria.JPG/180px-Medaglione_di_diocleziano_e_massimiano_ercole%2C_oro%2C_con_quadriga_di_elefanti%2C_soldati_e_vittoria.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Medaglione_di_diocleziano_e_massimiano_ercole%2C_oro%2C_con_quadriga_di_elefanti%2C_soldati_e_vittoria.JPG/240px-Medaglione_di_diocleziano_e_massimiano_ercole%2C_oro%2C_con_quadriga_di_elefanti%2C_soldati_e_vittoria.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1712" data-file-height="1696" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Medallion of the co-<i>augusti</i> <a href="/wiki/Diocletian" title="Diocletian">Diocletian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Maximian" title="Maximian">Maximian</a> (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="reigned">r.</abbr> 285–305</span>) riding in a <i>quadriga</i> drawn by elephants and crowned by <a href="/wiki/Victoria_(mythology)" title="Victoria (mythology)">Victory</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:9595_-_Milano_-_Museo_archeologico_-_Patera_di_Parabiago_-_Foto_Giovanni_Dall%27Orto_13_Mar_2012.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cybele and Attis riding on a quadriga drawn by lions on the 4th-century Parabiago plate, Archaeological Museum of Milan"><img alt="Cybele and Attis riding on a quadriga drawn by lions on the 4th-century Parabiago plate, Archaeological Museum of Milan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/9595_-_Milano_-_Museo_archeologico_-_Patera_di_Parabiago_-_Foto_Giovanni_Dall%27Orto_13_Mar_2012.jpg/120px-9595_-_Milano_-_Museo_archeologico_-_Patera_di_Parabiago_-_Foto_Giovanni_Dall%27Orto_13_Mar_2012.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/9595_-_Milano_-_Museo_archeologico_-_Patera_di_Parabiago_-_Foto_Giovanni_Dall%27Orto_13_Mar_2012.jpg/250px-9595_-_Milano_-_Museo_archeologico_-_Patera_di_Parabiago_-_Foto_Giovanni_Dall%27Orto_13_Mar_2012.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="1880" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Cybele" title="Cybele">Cybele</a> and <a href="/wiki/Attis" title="Attis">Attis</a> riding on a <i>quadriga</i> drawn by lions on the 4th-century <a href="/wiki/Parabiago_plate" class="mw-redirect" title="Parabiago plate">Parabiago plate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Archaeological_Museum_of_Milan" class="mw-redirect" title="Archaeological Museum of Milan">Archaeological Museum of Milan</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sculpture_Kurf%C3%BCrstendamm_24_(Charl)_Buddy_B%C3%A4r_10_Jahre_Neues_Kranzler_Eck.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Buddy Bear Quadriga in Berlin, Kurfürstendamm 21"><img alt="Buddy Bear Quadriga in Berlin, Kurfürstendamm 21" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Sculpture_Kurf%C3%BCrstendamm_24_%28Charl%29_Buddy_B%C3%A4r_10_Jahre_Neues_Kranzler_Eck.jpg/120px-Sculpture_Kurf%C3%BCrstendamm_24_%28Charl%29_Buddy_B%C3%A4r_10_Jahre_Neues_Kranzler_Eck.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Sculpture_Kurf%C3%BCrstendamm_24_%28Charl%29_Buddy_B%C3%A4r_10_Jahre_Neues_Kranzler_Eck.jpg/180px-Sculpture_Kurf%C3%BCrstendamm_24_%28Charl%29_Buddy_B%C3%A4r_10_Jahre_Neues_Kranzler_Eck.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Sculpture_Kurf%C3%BCrstendamm_24_%28Charl%29_Buddy_B%C3%A4r_10_Jahre_Neues_Kranzler_Eck.jpg/240px-Sculpture_Kurf%C3%BCrstendamm_24_%28Charl%29_Buddy_B%C3%A4r_10_Jahre_Neues_Kranzler_Eck.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3410" data-file-height="2430" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Buddy_Bear" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddy Bear">Buddy Bear <i>Quadriga</i></a> in Berlin, <a href="/wiki/Kurf%C3%BCrstendamm" title="Kurfürstendamm">Kurfürstendamm 21</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Modern_quadrigas">Modern quadrigas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quadriga&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Modern quadrigas"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some of the most significant full-size free-standing sculptures of <i>quadrigas</i> include, in approximate chronological order: </p> <ul><li>1793 – The Berlin <i>Quadriga</i> was designed by <a href="/wiki/Johann_Gottfried_Schadow" title="Johann Gottfried Schadow">Johann Gottfried Schadow</a> in 1793 as the <i>Quadriga of Victory</i>, perhaps<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as a symbol of peace, represented by the olive wreath carried by Victory. Located atop the <a href="/wiki/Brandenburg_Gate" title="Brandenburg Gate">Brandenburg Gate</a> in <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>, it was seized by <a href="/wiki/Napoleon_I_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoleon I of France">Napoleon</a> during his <a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Fourth_Coalition" title="War of the Fourth Coalition">occupation of Berlin</a> in 1806, and taken to Paris. It was returned to Berlin by Field Marshal <a href="/wiki/Gebhard_Leberecht_von_Bl%C3%BCcher" title="Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher">Gebhard von Blücher</a> in 1814. Her olive wreath was supplemented with an <a href="/wiki/Iron_Cross" title="Iron Cross">Iron Cross</a>. The statue suffered severe damage during the <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">Second World War</a>. The association of the Iron Cross with <a href="/wiki/Prussia" title="Prussia">Prussian</a> <a href="/wiki/Militarism" title="Militarism">militarism</a> convinced the <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Unity_Party_of_Germany" title="Socialist Unity Party of Germany">Communist government</a> of <a href="/wiki/East_Germany" title="East Germany">East Germany</a> to remove this aspect of the statue after the war. The iron cross was restored after <a href="/wiki/German_reunification" title="German reunification">German reunification</a> in 1990.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1815</span> – The Carrousel <i>quadriga</i> is situated atop the <a href="/wiki/Arc_de_Triomphe_du_Carrousel" title="Arc de Triomphe du Carrousel">Arc de Triomphe du Carrousel</a> in <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>. The arch was built to commemorate the victories of Napoleon. The <i>quadriga</i> was sculpted by Baron <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Joseph_Bosio" title="François Joseph Bosio">François Joseph Bosio</a> to commemorate the <a href="/wiki/Bourbon_Restoration_in_France" title="Bourbon Restoration in France">Restoration of the Bourbons</a>. The restoration is represented by an allegorical goddess driving a <i>quadriga</i>, with gilded Victories accompanying it on each side.</li> <li>1819–1829 – The <i>quadriga</i> on the <a href="/wiki/General_Staff_Building_(Saint_Petersburg)" title="General Staff Building (Saint Petersburg)">General Staff Building</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Palace_Square" title="Palace Square">Palace Square</a> in <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a></li> <li>1828–1832 – The <i>quadriga</i> on the <a href="/wiki/Alexandrinsky_Theater" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexandrinsky Theater">Alexandrinsky Theater</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a></li> <li>c. 1841 – The Panther <i>Quadriga</i> on the <a href="/wiki/Semperoper" title="Semperoper">Semperoper</a> in <a href="/wiki/Dresden" title="Dresden">Dresden</a></li> <li>1845–1848 – The <i>quadriga</i> on top of <a href="/wiki/Thorvaldsen_Museum" title="Thorvaldsen Museum">Thorvaldsen Museum</a> in <a href="/wiki/Copenhagen" title="Copenhagen">Copenhagen</a> by <a href="/wiki/Herman_Wilhelm_Bissen" title="Herman Wilhelm Bissen">Herman Wilhelm Bissen</a> and Stephan Ussing</li> <li><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RIAN_archive_101057_The_quadriga_driven_by_Apollo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/RIAN_archive_101057_The_quadriga_driven_by_Apollo.jpg/220px-RIAN_archive_101057_The_quadriga_driven_by_Apollo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/RIAN_archive_101057_The_quadriga_driven_by_Apollo.jpg/330px-RIAN_archive_101057_The_quadriga_driven_by_Apollo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/RIAN_archive_101057_The_quadriga_driven_by_Apollo.jpg/440px-RIAN_archive_101057_The_quadriga_driven_by_Apollo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="663" /></a><figcaption>The <i>quadriga</i> driven by <a href="/wiki/Apollo" title="Apollo">Apollo</a>, a sculptural composition on the pediment of the <a href="/wiki/Bolshoi_Theatre" title="Bolshoi Theatre">Bolshoi Theatre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a></figcaption></figure>c. 1850 – The <i>quadriga</i> on the <a href="/wiki/Bolshoi_Theatre" title="Bolshoi Theatre">Bolshoi</a>, above the portico of the <a href="/wiki/Bolshoi_Theatre" title="Bolshoi Theatre">Bolshoi Theatre</a>, designed by sculptor <a href="/wiki/Peter_Clodt_von_J%C3%BCrgensburg" title="Peter Clodt von Jürgensburg">Peter Clodt von Jürgensburg</a></li> <li>c. 1852 – The <a href="/wiki/Siegestor" title="Siegestor">Siegestor</a> (Victory Gate) in <a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a> is topped by a lion <i>quadriga</i> created by Martin von Wagner.</li> <li>1868 – The <i>quadriga</i> on the <a href="/wiki/Brunswick_Palace" title="Brunswick Palace">ducal palace</a> in <a href="/wiki/Braunschweig" title="Braunschweig">Braunschweig</a> was destroyed in 1944 during the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a>. It was reconstructed in 2008 and is considered the largest one in Europe.</li> <li>1888 – <i>Quadriga</i> de l'Aurora as part of the Font de la cascada that is in <a href="/wiki/Parc_de_la_Ciutadella" title="Parc de la Ciutadella">Parc de la Ciutadella</a>, Barcelona. Erected by <a href="/wiki/Josep_Fontser%C3%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="Josep Fontserè">Josep Fontserè</a>, with possible contributions by the young <a href="/wiki/Antoni_Gaud%C3%AD" title="Antoni Gaudí">Antoni Gaudí</a>.</li> <li>1893 – <i>Columbus Quadriga</i> atop the Peristyle Building, <a href="/wiki/World%27s_Columbian_Exposition" title="World's Columbian Exposition">World's Columbian Exposition</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Chester_French" title="Daniel Chester French">Daniel Chester French</a>, sculpture<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1895 – The <i>quadriga</i> of Brabant, situated on top from <a href="/wiki/Parc_du_Cinquantenaire" class="mw-redirect" title="Parc du Cinquantenaire">Parc du Cinquantenaire</a> (1880–1905). Constructed to mark the 50 years of Belgian Independence, in <a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a>, was built by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Vin%C3%A7otte" title="Thomas Vinçotte">Thomas Vinçotte</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jules_Lagae" title="Jules Lagae">Jules Lagae</a>.</li> <li>c. 1898 – Atop <a href="/wiki/Soldiers%27_and_Sailors%27_Arch" title="Soldiers' and Sailors' Arch">Soldiers' and Sailors' Arch</a> at <a href="/wiki/Grand_Army_Plaza" title="Grand Army Plaza">Grand Army Plaza</a> in <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn">Brooklyn</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a>, lady <a href="/wiki/Historical_Columbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Historical Columbia">Columbia</a>, an allegorical representation of the United States, rides in a chariot drawn by two horses. Two winged Victory figures, each leading a horse, trumpet Columbia's arrival. The sculptor was <a href="/wiki/Frederick_William_MacMonnies" title="Frederick William MacMonnies">Frederick William MacMonnies</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>c. 1900 – Two <i>quadrigas</i> on the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Palais" title="Grand Palais">Grand Palais</a> in Paris, the work of French sculptor <a href="/wiki/Georges_R%C3%A9cipon" title="Georges Récipon">Georges Récipon</a></li> <li>1904<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> – <i><a href="/wiki/Victory_and_Progress" class="mw-redirect" title="Victory and Progress">Victory and Progress</a></i>, horse-drawn chariots by <a href="/wiki/J._Massey_Rhind" title="J. Massey Rhind">J. Massey Rhind</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Wayne_County_Building" title="Wayne County Building">Wayne County Building</a> in <a href="/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit">Detroit, Michigan</a>, though each of the two chariots is drawn by three instead of the customary four horses.</li> <li><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Progress_of_the_State.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Progress_of_the_State.jpg/250px-Progress_of_the_State.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Progress_of_the_State.jpg/330px-Progress_of_the_State.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Progress_of_the_State.jpg/500px-Progress_of_the_State.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>The <i>Progress of the State</i> quadriga, at the Minnesota State Capitol in Saint Paul, Minnesota.</figcaption></figure>1906 – <i><a href="/wiki/Progress_of_the_State" title="Progress of the State">Progress of the State</a></i> at the <a href="/wiki/Minnesota_State_Capitol" title="Minnesota State Capitol">Minnesota State Capitol</a> is unique for being entirely covered in <a href="/wiki/Gold_leaf" title="Gold leaf">gold leaf</a>, and is situated above a building entrance rather than a triumphal arch. It was sculpted by <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Chester_French" title="Daniel Chester French">Daniel Chester French</a> and <a href="/wiki/Edward_Clark_Potter" title="Edward Clark Potter">Edward Clark Potter</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1911–1935 – The <a href="/wiki/Monument_to_Vittorio_Emanuele_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Monument to Vittorio Emanuele II">Monument to Vittorio Emanuele II</a> (Monument of <a href="/wiki/Victor_Emmanuel_II_of_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Victor Emmanuel II of Italy">Victor Emmanuel II</a>, or <i>Altare della Patria</i> (Altar of the Nation), or <i>Il Vittoriano</i>) in <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>, features two statues of goddess <a href="/wiki/Victoria_(mythology)" title="Victoria (mythology)">Victoria</a> riding on <i>quadrigas</i>.</li> <li>1912 – The Wellington Arch <i>Quadriga</i> is situated atop the <a href="/wiki/Wellington_Arch" title="Wellington Arch">Wellington Arch</a> in London, England. It was designed by <a href="/wiki/Adrian_Jones_(sculptor)" title="Adrian Jones (sculptor)">Adrian Jones</a>. The sculpture shows a small boy, the son of <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Stern,_1st_Baron_Michelham" title="Herbert Stern, 1st Baron Michelham">Lord Michelham</a>, the man who funded the sculpture, leading the <i>quadriga</i>, with Peace descending upon it from heaven.</li> <li>1919–1923 – The former <a href="/wiki/Banco_Bilbao_Vizcaya_(building)" title="Banco Bilbao Vizcaya (building)">Banco di Bilbao headquarters</a> at no. 16 <a href="/wiki/Calle_de_Alcal%C3%A1" title="Calle de Alcalá">Calle de Alcalá</a> in <a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a>, now part of <a href="/wiki/Banco_Bilbao_Vizcaya_Argentaria" title="Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria">Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria</a>, features two <i>quadrigas</i> on a commercial building. The building was designed by <a href="/wiki/Ricardo_Bastida" title="Ricardo Bastida">Ricardo Bastida</a>, with the sculptor of the chariot Higinio Basterras, and other sculptures by Quentin de la Torre. The charioteers are helmeted men standing on the handrails of the chariots. Height to plinth: about 87 feet (27 meters).</li> <li>1926 – The <a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Justice,_Rome" title="Palace of Justice, Rome">Palace of Justice</a> in <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>, seat of the modern <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Cassation_(Italy)" title="Supreme Court of Cassation (Italy)">Supreme Court of Cassation</a>, features a bronze <i>quadriga</i> by sculptor <a href="/wiki/Ettore_Ximenes" title="Ettore Ximenes">Ettore Ximenes</a>.</li> <li>2020 — <a href="/wiki/Kentucky_State_University" title="Kentucky State University">Kentucky State University</a> unveiled statue replicas of the <a href="/wiki/Horses_of_Saint_Mark" title="Horses of Saint Mark">four Horses of Saint Mark</a> which were positioned on a rise near the entrance to the university.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2002 – The <a href="/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Grand_Theatre,_Warsaw" title="Grand Theatre, Warsaw">Grand Theatre</a> features a <i>quadriga</i> reflecting the original <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Corazzi" title="Antonio Corazzi">Antonio Corazzi</a>'s 1833 plans for the building, but not commissioned and executed until 2002.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quadriga&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Brandenburg_Gate_Quadriga_at_Night.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Brandenburg Gate Quadriga at night"><img alt="Brandenburg Gate Quadriga at night" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Brandenburg_Gate_Quadriga_at_Night.jpg/120px-Brandenburg_Gate_Quadriga_at_Night.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Brandenburg_Gate_Quadriga_at_Night.jpg/180px-Brandenburg_Gate_Quadriga_at_Night.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Brandenburg_Gate_Quadriga_at_Night.jpg/240px-Brandenburg_Gate_Quadriga_at_Night.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3032" data-file-height="2274" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Brandenburg_Gate" title="Brandenburg Gate">Brandenburg Gate</a> <i>Quadriga</i> at night</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Roma_Vittoriano_-_Quadriga_dell%27Unit%C3%A0.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Quadriga dell'Unità at Vittoriano, Rome"><img alt="The Quadriga dell'Unità at Vittoriano, Rome" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Roma_Vittoriano_-_Quadriga_dell%27Unit%C3%A0.jpg/120px-Roma_Vittoriano_-_Quadriga_dell%27Unit%C3%A0.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Roma_Vittoriano_-_Quadriga_dell%27Unit%C3%A0.jpg/250px-Roma_Vittoriano_-_Quadriga_dell%27Unit%C3%A0.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="2898" data-file-height="2274" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <i>Quadriga dell'Unità</i> at <a href="/wiki/Vittoriano" class="mw-redirect" title="Vittoriano">Vittoriano</a>, Rome</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:London-Wellington-Arch-P1130943.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Quadriga, Wellington Arch, London"><img alt="Quadriga, Wellington Arch, London" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/London-Wellington-Arch-P1130943.jpg/120px-London-Wellington-Arch-P1130943.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/London-Wellington-Arch-P1130943.jpg/180px-London-Wellington-Arch-P1130943.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/London-Wellington-Arch-P1130943.jpg/240px-London-Wellington-Arch-P1130943.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Quadriga</i>, <a href="/wiki/Wellington_Arch" title="Wellington Arch">Wellington Arch</a>, London</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Triomfboog_Jubelpark_4.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Brabant Raising the National Flag or Quadriga of Brabant, Parc du Cinquantenaire, Brussels"><img alt="Brabant Raising the National Flag or Quadriga of Brabant, Parc du Cinquantenaire, Brussels" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Triomfboog_Jubelpark_4.JPG/120px-Triomfboog_Jubelpark_4.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Triomfboog_Jubelpark_4.JPG/180px-Triomfboog_Jubelpark_4.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Triomfboog_Jubelpark_4.JPG/240px-Triomfboog_Jubelpark_4.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3567" data-file-height="2414" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Brabant Raising the National Flag</i> or <i>Quadriga of Brabant</i>, <a href="/wiki/Parc_du_Cinquantenaire" class="mw-redirect" title="Parc du Cinquantenaire">Parc du Cinquantenaire</a>, Brussels</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Peace_riding_in_a_triumphal_chariot_Bosio_Carrousel_-_2012-05-28.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Quadriga, Arc de Triomphe du Carrousel, Paris"><img alt="Quadriga, Arc de Triomphe du Carrousel, Paris" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Peace_riding_in_a_triumphal_chariot_Bosio_Carrousel_-_2012-05-28.jpg/120px-Peace_riding_in_a_triumphal_chariot_Bosio_Carrousel_-_2012-05-28.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="53" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Peace_riding_in_a_triumphal_chariot_Bosio_Carrousel_-_2012-05-28.jpg/250px-Peace_riding_in_a_triumphal_chariot_Bosio_Carrousel_-_2012-05-28.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="5074" data-file-height="2229" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Quadriga</i>, <a href="/wiki/Arc_de_Triomphe_du_Carrousel" title="Arc de Triomphe du Carrousel">Arc de Triomphe du Carrousel</a>, Paris</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Teatr_Wielki_w_Warszawie_p7_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Quadriga, Grand Theatre, Warsaw"><img alt="Quadriga, Grand Theatre, Warsaw" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Teatr_Wielki_w_Warszawie_p7_3.jpg/120px-Teatr_Wielki_w_Warszawie_p7_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Teatr_Wielki_w_Warszawie_p7_3.jpg/180px-Teatr_Wielki_w_Warszawie_p7_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Teatr_Wielki_w_Warszawie_p7_3.jpg/240px-Teatr_Wielki_w_Warszawie_p7_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3567" data-file-height="2378" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Quadriga</i>, <a href="/wiki/Grand_Theatre,_Warsaw" title="Grand Theatre, Warsaw">Grand Theatre</a>, Warsaw</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Moscow_05-2017_img27_Bolshoy_Theatre_quadriga.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A quadriga sculpted by Peter Clodt von Jürgensburg at Bolshoi Theater"><img alt="A quadriga sculpted by Peter Clodt von Jürgensburg at Bolshoi Theater" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Moscow_05-2017_img27_Bolshoy_Theatre_quadriga.jpg/120px-Moscow_05-2017_img27_Bolshoy_Theatre_quadriga.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Moscow_05-2017_img27_Bolshoy_Theatre_quadriga.jpg/180px-Moscow_05-2017_img27_Bolshoy_Theatre_quadriga.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Moscow_05-2017_img27_Bolshoy_Theatre_quadriga.jpg/240px-Moscow_05-2017_img27_Bolshoy_Theatre_quadriga.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3974" data-file-height="2980" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A <i>quadriga</i> sculpted by <a href="/wiki/Peter_Clodt_von_J%C3%BCrgensburg" title="Peter Clodt von Jürgensburg">Peter Clodt von Jürgensburg</a> at <a href="/wiki/Bolshoi_Theater" class="mw-redirect" title="Bolshoi Theater">Bolshoi Theater</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Quadriga_at_the_Columbian_World%27s_Fair.jpeg" class="mw-file-description" title="Quadriga by Daniel Chester French, World's Columbian Exposition, 1893"><img alt="Quadriga by Daniel Chester French, World's Columbian Exposition, 1893" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Quadriga_at_the_Columbian_World%27s_Fair.jpeg/120px-Quadriga_at_the_Columbian_World%27s_Fair.jpeg" decoding="async" width="120" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Quadriga_at_the_Columbian_World%27s_Fair.jpeg/180px-Quadriga_at_the_Columbian_World%27s_Fair.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Quadriga_at_the_Columbian_World%27s_Fair.jpeg/240px-Quadriga_at_the_Columbian_World%27s_Fair.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="742" data-file-height="589" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Quadriga</i> by <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Chester_French" title="Daniel Chester French">Daniel Chester French</a>, <a href="/wiki/World%27s_Columbian_Exposition" title="World's Columbian Exposition">World's Columbian Exposition</a>, 1893</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Progress_of_the_State_St._Paul_5.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Daniel Chester French and Edward Clark Potter, Minnesota State Capitol, 1905"><img alt="Daniel Chester French and Edward Clark Potter, Minnesota State Capitol, 1905" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Progress_of_the_State_St._Paul_5.jpg/120px-Progress_of_the_State_St._Paul_5.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Progress_of_the_State_St._Paul_5.jpg/180px-Progress_of_the_State_St._Paul_5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Progress_of_the_State_St._Paul_5.jpg/240px-Progress_of_the_State_St._Paul_5.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2713" data-file-height="2193" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Daniel Chester French and <a href="/wiki/Edward_Clark_Potter" title="Edward Clark Potter">Edward Clark Potter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Minnesota_State_Capitol" title="Minnesota State Capitol">Minnesota State Capitol</a>, 1905</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Arco_della_Pace_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Seiugae of the Arch of Peace in Milan"><img alt="The Seiugae of the Arch of Peace in Milan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Arco_della_Pace_-_panoramio.jpg/120px-Arco_della_Pace_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Arco_della_Pace_-_panoramio.jpg/180px-Arco_della_Pace_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Arco_della_Pace_-_panoramio.jpg/240px-Arco_della_Pace_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="3216" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The Seiugae of the <a href="/wiki/Arch_of_Peace" class="mw-redirect" title="Arch of Peace">Arch of Peace</a> in Milan</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Quadriga_-_Barcelona_-_Spain_-_Europe.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Quadriga in the Parc de la Ciutadella in Barcelona"><img alt="Quadriga in the Parc de la Ciutadella in Barcelona" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Quadriga_-_Barcelona_-_Spain_-_Europe.JPG/120px-Quadriga_-_Barcelona_-_Spain_-_Europe.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Quadriga_-_Barcelona_-_Spain_-_Europe.JPG/250px-Quadriga_-_Barcelona_-_Spain_-_Europe.JPG 1.5x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i>Quadriga</i> in the <a href="/wiki/Parc_de_la_Ciutadella" title="Parc de la Ciutadella">Parc de la Ciutadella</a> in Barcelona</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:JMRWayneCoBldg2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wayne County Building, Detroit, Michigan, by J. Massey Rhind"><img alt="Wayne County Building, Detroit, Michigan, by J. Massey Rhind" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/JMRWayneCoBldg2.jpg/120px-JMRWayneCoBldg2.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="82" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/JMRWayneCoBldg2.jpg/250px-JMRWayneCoBldg2.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="870" data-file-height="593" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Wayne_County_Building" title="Wayne County Building">Wayne County Building</a>, Detroit, Michigan, by <a href="/wiki/J._Massey_Rhind" title="J. Massey Rhind">J. Massey Rhind</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quadriga&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Horses_of_Saint_Mark" title="Horses of Saint Mark">Horses of Saint Mark</a> in Venice, remnants of a quadriga of Constantinople taken by <a href="/wiki/Enrico_Dandolo" title="Enrico Dandolo">Enrico Dandolo</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Biga_(chariot)" title="Biga (chariot)">Biga</a></i>, the ancient two-horse chariot.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trigarium" title="Trigarium">Trigarium</a> (triga)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troika_(driving)" title="Troika (driving)">Troika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coach_(carriage)" title="Coach (carriage)">Coach (carriage)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quadriga&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">According to <a href="/wiki/Aulus_Gellius" title="Aulus Gellius">Aulus Gellius</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:2007.01.0072:book=19:chapter=8&highlight=quadriga#note6">19.8</a>, Julius Caesar considered it incorrect to use the word in the singular.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lewis and Short <i>Latin Dictionary</i>, s.v. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://logeion.uchicago.edu/quadrigae">quadrigae</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Liddell, Scott, Jones <i>Greek Lexicon</i>, s.v. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://logeion.uchicago.edu/%CF%84%CE%AD%CE%B8%CF%81%CE%B9%CF%80%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%82">τέθριππος</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Lewis_Richard_Farnell" title="Lewis Richard Farnell">Farnell, Lewis</a>, <i>The Cults of the Greek States</i> Vol. ΙV, <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>, 2010, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-108-01546-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-108-01546-2">978-1-108-01546-2</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2NQF-MSICWEC&pg=PA20">20, note b</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Smith, s.v. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0104%3Aalphabetic+letter%3DH%3Aentry+group%3D6%3Aentry%3Dhelios-bio-1">Helios</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> Annual Report of the American Scenic and Historic Preservation Society to the Legislature of the State of New York, Volume 18, by American Scenic and Historic Preservation Society, 1913, page 344</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-18119242">"A Point of View: The European dream has become a nightmare"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 18 May 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=A+Point+of+View%3A+The+European+dream+has+become+a+nightmare&rft.date=2012-05-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fmagazine-18119242&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuadriga" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.berlin.de/tourismus/sehenswuerdigkeiten.en/28934.html">Brandenburg Gate.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080224033353/http://www.berlin.de/tourismus/sehenswuerdigkeiten.en/28934.html">Archived</a> February 24, 2008, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Berlin – Offizielles Stadtportal der Hauptstadt Deutschlands – Berlin.de.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://photoarchive.lib.uchicago.edu/db.xqy?one=apf3-00089.xml">"World's Columbian Exposition : Photographic Archive : The University of Chicago"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=World%27s+Columbian+Exposition+%3A+Photographic+Archive+%3A+The+University+of+Chicago&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fphotoarchive.lib.uchicago.edu%2Fdb.xqy%3Fone%3Dapf3-00089.xml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuadriga" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sprague, Elmer, Brooklyn Public Monuments: Sculpture for Civic Memory and Urban Pride, Dog Ear Publishing, Indianapolis, IN, 2008 p. 76</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRhindScott2018" class="citation web cs1">Rhind, John Massey; Scott, John (31 May 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://siris-artinventories.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?session=C43S80877649W.2641&profile=ariall&source=~!siartinventories&view=subscriptionsummary&uri=full=3100001~!18424~!3&ri=2&aspect=Browse&menu=search&ipp=20&spp=20&staffonly=&term=W.+H.+Mullins+Company,+fabricator.&index=AUTHOR&uindex=&aspect=Browse&menu=search&ri=2">"Victory and Progress"</a> – via siris-artinventories.si.edu Library Catalog.</cite><span 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href="http://www.mnhs.org/places/sites/msc/quadrelatedlinks.html">"Historic Adventures"</a>. <i>mnhs.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=mnhs.org&rft.atitle=Historic+Adventures&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mnhs.org%2Fplaces%2Fsites%2Fmsc%2Fquadrelatedlinks.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuadriga" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.state-journal.com/education/ksu-unveils-rare-replica-of-quattro-cavalli-statue/article_3e0d0b92-e5fe-11ea-be9a-2b1fd3a4476d.html">"KSU unveils rare replica of Quattro Cavalli statue"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_State_Journal_(Kentucky)" title="The State Journal (Kentucky)">State Journal</a></i>. August 24, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=State+Journal&rft.atitle=KSU+unveils+rare+replica+of+Quattro+Cavalli+statue&rft.date=2020-08-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.state-journal.com%2Feducation%2Fksu-unveils-rare-replica-of-quattro-cavalli-statue%2Farticle_3e0d0b92-e5fe-11ea-be9a-2b1fd3a4476d.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuadriga" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735" /><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Quadriga" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Quadriga">Quadriga</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quadriga&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Quadriga"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Quadriga">"Quadriga" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i> (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Quadriga&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuadriga" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://penelope.uchicago.edu/~grout/encyclopaedia_romana/circusmaximus/quadrigae.html">Quadriga</a> Encyclopaedia Romana. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago" title="University of Chicago">University of Chicago</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.xs4all.nl/~sp88k/Coin/Traveler/Objects/Quadriga.htm">Quadriga</a></li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in German)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040803035226/http://www.berlin.de/tourismus/sehenswuerdigkeiten/00022.html">Berlin.de: Brandenburger Tor, Pariser Platz, 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