Effect of Limonene on the Tensile Properties and Chemical Changes of Natural Rubber Products

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.scientific.net/MSF.1130.109" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Effect of Limonene on the Tensile Properties and Chemical Changes of Natural Rubber Products | Scientific.Net" /> <meta property="og:type" content="website" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.scientific.net/MSF.1130.109" /> <meta property="og:image" content="/Content/app/scinet5/images/metadata_logo.png" /> <meta property="og:image:type" content="image/png" /> <meta property="og:image:width" content="261" /> <meta property="og:image:height" content="260" /> <meta property="og:image:alt" content="Scientific.Net Logo" /> <meta name="citation_language" content="en" /> <meta name="citation_publisher" content="Trans Tech Publications Ltd" /> <meta name="citation_title" content="Effect of Limonene on the Tensile Properties and Chemical Changes of Natural Rubber Products" /> <meta name="citation_publication_date" content="2024" /> <meta name="citation_online_date" content="2024/10/31" /> <meta name="citation_journal_title" content="Materials Science Forum" /> <meta name="citation_issn" content="1662-9752" /> <meta name="citation_volume" content="1130" /> <meta name="citation_firstpage" content="109" /> <meta name="citation_lastpage" content="114" /> <meta name="citation_pdf_url" content="https://www.scientific.net/MSF.1130.109.pdf" /> <meta name="citation_abstract_html_url" content="https://www.scientific.net/MSF.1130.109" /> <meta name="citation_keywords" content="Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy;Limonene;Natural Rubber;Rubber Degradation;Susitanable Development Goals (SDG);Tensile Strength" /> <meta name="citation_doi" content="10.4028/p-ml2tBF" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Sia Yee Yang" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Nai Yeen Gavin Lai" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Ruey Shan Chen" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Mouad A. Tarawneh" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Lih Jiun Yu" /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Structure and properties of polylactide/natural rubber blends; citation_author=N. Bitinis; citation_author=R. Verdejo; citation_author=P. Cassagnau; citation_author=M.A. Lopez-Manchado; citation_volume=129; citation_issue=3; citation_publication_date=2011/10; citation_pages=823-831; citation_doi=10.1016/j.matchemphys.2011.05.016" /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=The manufacture of gloves from natural rubber latex; citation_author=Esah Yip; citation_author=Paul Cacioli; citation_volume=110; citation_issue=2; citation_publication_date=2002/8; citation_pages=S3-S14; citation_doi=10.1067/mai.2002.124499" /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="N. Othman, S. Ibrahim and H. Ismail, Degradation of natural rubber latex, 2016." /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Limonene: a versatile chemical of the bioeconomy; citation_author=Rosaria Ciriminna; citation_author=Monica Lomeli-Rodriguez; citation_author=Piera Demma Carà; citation_author=Jose A. Lopez-Sanchez; citation_author=Mario Pagliaro; citation_volume=50; citation_issue=97; citation_publication_date=2014; citation_pages=15288-15296; citation_doi=10.1039/c4cc06147k" /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="J. Sun, D-Limonene: Safety and Clinical Applications, Alternative Medicine Review/2007." /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="Information on https://sdgs.un.org/goal" /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Scission, Cross-Linking, and Physical Relaxation during Thermal Degradation of Elastomers; citation_author=Maha Zaghdoudi; citation_author=Anja Kömmling; citation_author=Matthias Jaunich; citation_author=Dietmar Wolff; citation_volume=11; citation_issue=8; citation_publication_date=2019/7/31; citation_pages=1280; citation_doi=10.3390/polym11081280" /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Analysis of chain-scission and crosslinking rates in the photo-oxidation of polystyrene; citation_author=A. V. Shyichuk; citation_author=J. R. White; citation_volume=77; citation_issue=13; citation_publication_date=2000; citation_pages=3015-3023; citation_doi=10.1002/1097-4628(20000923)77:13<3015::aid-app28>3.0.co;2-w" /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Revealing effects of chain scission during ageing of EPDM rubber using relaxation and recovery experiment; citation_author=Anja Kömmling; citation_author=Matthias Jaunich; citation_author=Dietmar Wolff; citation_volume=56; citation_publication_date=2016/12; citation_pages=261-268; citation_doi=10.1016/j.polymertesting.2016.10.026" /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Surface Wrinkles for Smart Adhesion; citation_author=E.鈥塒. Chan; citation_author=E.鈥塉. Smith; citation_author=R.鈥塁. Hayward; citation_author=A.鈥塉. Crosby; citation_volume=20; citation_issue=4; citation_publication_date=2008/1/29; citation_pages=711-716; citation_doi=10.1002/adma.200701530" /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="Information on https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Organic_Chemistry/Basic_Principles_of_Organic_Chemistry_(Roberts_and_Caserio)/29%3A_Polymers/29.04%3A_Forces_Between_Polymer_Chains" /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="S. Ibrahim, C. Chee Keong, C.T. Ratnam and K. Badri, Tensile Properties of Pre-vulcanised Natural Rubber Latex Films via Hybrid Radiation and Peroxide Vulcanisations, ASM Sci. J/." /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Assessment degradation of natural rubber by moving die processability test and FTIR spectroscopy; citation_author=M. Narathichat; citation_author=K. Sahakaro; citation_author=C. Nakason; citation_volume=115; citation_issue=3; citation_publication_date=2009/10/7; citation_pages=1702-1709; citation_doi=10.1002/app.31194" /> <meta name="person" content="Sia Yee Yang, Nai Yeen Gavin Lai, Ruey Shan Chen, Mouad A. Tarawneh, Lih Jiun Yu" /> <meta name="description" content="The durability and functionality of medical rubber products made from natural rubber or poly (cis-1,4-isoprene) are essential in medical and healthcare applications. However, natural rubber products are prone to degradation over time, which can compromise their performance. This study investigates the impact of limonene on the degradation of natural rubber, focusing on the material鈥檚 physical and chemical properties. To achieve this, natural rubber samples were prepared and exposed to different concentrations of limonene oil (20%, 40% 60%). The effect of limonene on the natural rubber was assessed by measuring the changes in tensile strength, physical size of samples, stability and chemical composition over immersion times of 30, 60 and 90 minutes. The findings of this study revealed that the immersion of natural rubber in d-limonene led to a significant reduction of tensile properties due to chain scission and bond breaking as well as cross-linking within the rubber. These mechanical alterations were more distinct with the longer immersion times and the higher limoneone concentrations. Additionally, the samples exhibited noticeable dimensional changes with greater concentrations of d-limonene leading to more substantial swelling and ultimately causing a reduction in tensile strength. FTIR-ATR spectroscopy analysis had also revealed chemical modifications in the rubber's structure, particularly related to carbonyl groups. This study provides valuable insights into the vulnerability of natural rubber to limonene-induced degradation. It highlights the need for further research and formulation to enhance medical-grade rubber products' performance for SDG-3." /> <meta name="keywords" content="Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Limonene, Natural Rubber, Rubber Degradation, Susitanable Development Goals (SDG), Tensile Strength" /> <meta name="copyright" content="2024 Trans Tech Publications Ltd. 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<div class="page-name-block underline-begin"> <h1 class="page-name-block-text">Effect of Limonene on the Tensile Properties and Chemical Changes of Natural Rubber Products</h1> </div> <div class="paper-statistics"> <div class="loading"> <i class="inline-icon download-and-visitor-statistics-icon"></i> <span class="normal-text" id="paperDownloadsAndVisitorsCount"></span> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> <div class="page-paper-title"> <div class="preview-block"> <img alt="Article Preview" width="128" height="180" src="/MSF.1130.109/thumbnail.gif"> <div id="preview-button" data-url-preview-log="/Paper/PreviewImageLog?paperId=614107"> <i class="inline-icon preview-icon"></i> </div>  <div id="paper-preview-modal" class="modal fade"> <div class="modal-dialog" role="document"> <div class="popup-page-name underline-begin"> <div class="page-name-block-text">Article Preview</div> </div> <img alt="Article Preview" class="preview-image lazyload" data-src="/MSF.1130.109/preview.gif"> <a data-dismiss="modal" title="Close" class="inline-icon close-icon"></a> </div> </div>  </div> <div class="abstract-block-description"> <h3 class="page-paper-first-header">Abstract:</h3> <p class="normal-text"> The durability and functionality of medical rubber products made from natural rubber or poly (cis-1,4-isoprene) are essential in medical and healthcare applications. However, natural rubber products are prone to degradation over time, which can compromise their performance. This study investigates the impact of limonene on the degradation of natural rubber, focusing on the material鈥檚 physical and chemical properties. To achieve this, natural rubber samples were prepared and exposed to different concentrations of limonene oil (20%, 40% 60%). The effect of limonene on the natural rubber was assessed by measuring the changes in tensile strength, physical size of samples, stability and chemical composition over immersion times of 30, 60 and 90 minutes. The findings of this study revealed that the immersion of natural rubber in d-limonene led to a significant reduction of tensile properties due to chain scission and bond breaking as well as cross-linking within the rubber. These mechanical alterations were more distinct with the longer immersion times and the higher limoneone concentrations. Additionally, the samples exhibited noticeable dimensional changes with greater concentrations of d-limonene leading to more substantial swelling and ultimately causing a reduction in tensile strength. FTIR-ATR spectroscopy analysis had also revealed chemical modifications in the rubber's structure, particularly related to carbonyl groups. This study provides valuable insights into the vulnerability of natural rubber to limonene-induced degradation. It highlights the need for further research and formulation to enhance medical-grade rubber products' performance for SDG-3. </p> </div> <div class="paper-access-buttons col-xs-12"> <div class="row"> <div class="sa-button-wrap"> <a id="sa-button" class="wayfinder-login d-flex sa-button" href="javascript:;"> <div class="sa-button-logo-wrap"> <i class="inline-icon sa-white"></i> </div> <div class="d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center sa-button-text text-truncate"> <div class="sa-button-text-primary text-truncate">Access through your institution</div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="title-button-pdf"> <button id="readPaperButton" data-url-read-paper-log="/Paper/ReadThePaperLog?paperId=614107" class="button button-160"> <span class="inline-element">Read The Paper</span> </button> </div> </div> <div class="row"> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> <div class="connected-title-container"> <div class="connected-title-text semibold-middle-text">You might also be interested in these eBooks</div> <div class="connected-title-list-container"> <div class="connected-title-list-item"> <a href="/book/7th-international-conference-on-materials-design-and-applications-icmda/978-3-0364-1458-4" title="7th International Conference on Materials Design and Applications (ICMDA)"> <img class="ls-is-cached lazyloaded" src="/Image/TitleCover/6985?width=190" alt="7th International Conference on Materials Design and Applications (ICMDA)" /> </a> <a id="downloadPdfButton" href="/book/7th-international-conference-on-materials-design-and-applications-icmda/978-3-0364-1458-4/ebook" class="button"> <span>View Preview</span> <i class="inline-icon book-icon-white small-icon button-icon-right"></i> </a> </div> <div class="connected-title-list-item"> <a href="/book/aluminum-polymers-composites-and-additive-manufacturing/978-3-0364-1682-3" title="Aluminum, Polymers, Composites and Additive Manufacturing"> <img class="ls-is-cached lazyloaded" src="/Image/TitleCover/7308?width=190" alt="Aluminum, Polymers, Composites and Additive Manufacturing" /> </a> <a id="downloadPdfButton" href="/book/aluminum-polymers-composites-and-additive-manufacturing/978-3-0364-1682-3/ebook" class="button"> <span>View Preview</span> <i class="inline-icon book-icon-white small-icon button-icon-right"></i> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="papers-block-info-title"> <h2>Info:</h2> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> <div class="papers-block-info-list"> <div class="papers-block-info col-lg-12"> <div class="row"> <div class="info-row-name normal-text-gray col-md-2 col-sm-3 col-xs-4"> <div class="row"> <p>Periodical:</p> </div> </div> <div class="info-row-content semibold-middle-text col-md-10 col-sm-9 col-xs-8"> <div class="row"> <a href="/MSF">Materials Science Forum</a> <span>(Volume 1130)</span> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="papers-block-info col-lg-12"> <div class="row"> <div class="info-row-name normal-text-gray col-md-2 col-sm-3 col-xs-4"> <div class="row"> <p>Pages:</p> </div> </div> <div class="info-row-content semibold-middle-text col-md-10 col-sm-9 col-xs-8"> <div class="row"> <p>109-114</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="papers-block-info col-lg-12"> <div class="row"> <div class="info-row-name normal-text-gray col-md-2 col-sm-3 col-xs-4"> <div class="row"> <p>DOI:</p> </div> </div> <div class="info-row-content semibold-middle-text col-md-10 col-sm-9 col-xs-8"> <div class="row"> <p><a href="https://doi.org/10.4028/p-ml2tBF">https://doi.org/10.4028/p-ml2tBF</a></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="papers-block-info col-lg-12"> <div class="row"> <div class="info-row-name normal-text-gray col-md-2 col-sm-3 col-xs-4"> <div class="row"> <p>Citation:</p> </div> </div> <div class="info-row-content semibold-middle-text col-md-10 col-sm-9 col-xs-8"> <div class="row"> <p><a id="paperCitationsButton" href="#">Cite this paper</a></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="papers-block-info col-lg-12"> <div class="row"> <div class="info-row-name normal-text-gray col-md-2 col-sm-3 col-xs-4"> <div class="row"> <p>Online since:</p> </div> </div> <div class="info-row-content semibold-middle-text col-md-10 col-sm-9 col-xs-8"> <div class="row"> <p>October 2024</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="papers-block-info col-lg-12"> <div class="row"> <div class="info-row-name normal-text-gray col-md-2 col-sm-3 col-xs-4"> <div class="row"> <p>Authors:</p> </div> </div> <div class="info-row-content semibold-middle-text col-md-10 col-sm-9 col-xs-8"> <div class="row"> <a href="/author-papers/sia-yee-yang">Sia Yee Yang</a>, <a href="/author-papers/nai-yeen-gavin-lai">Nai Yeen Gavin Lai</a>, <a href="/author-papers/chen-ruey-shan">Ruey Shan Chen</a>, <a href="/author-papers/mouad-a-tarawneh-1">Mouad A. 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