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aria-controls="toc-Views-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Views subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Views-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Formula_for_Salah_(Prayer)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Formula_for_Salah_(Prayer)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Formula for <i>Salah</i> (Prayer)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Formula_for_Salah_(Prayer)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Controversies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Controversies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Controversies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Controversies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Criticism" 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vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Al-Albani</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 27 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-27" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">27 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_Nashiruddin_al-Albani" title="Muhammad Nashiruddin al-Albani – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Muhammad Nashiruddin al-Albani" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A" title="محمد ناصر الدين الألباني – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="محمد ناصر الدين الألباني" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A6_%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B2-%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%80" title="মুহাম্মদ নাসিরুদ্দীন আল-আলবানী – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মুহাম্মদ নাসিরুদ্দীন আল-আলবানী" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_N%C4%81sir_ad-D%C4%ABn_al-Alb%C4%81n%C4%AB" title="Muhammad Nāsir ad-Dīn al-Albānī – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Muhammad Nāsir ad-Dīn al-Albānī" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_Nasiruddin_al-Albani" title="Muhammad Nasiruddin al-Albani – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Muhammad Nasiruddin al-Albani" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="محمد ناصرالدین البانی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="محمد ناصرالدین البانی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_Nasir-ud-Din_al-Albani" title="Muhammad Nasir-ud-Din al-Albani – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Muhammad Nasir-ud-Din al-Albani" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheikh_Al-Albani" title="Sheikh Al-Albani – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Sheikh Al-Albani" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_Nashiruddin_Al-Albani" title="Muhammad Nashiruddin Al-Albani – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Muhammad Nashiruddin Al-Albani" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_Nasir_al-Din_al-Albani" title="Muhammad Nasir al-Din al-Albani – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Muhammad Nasir al-Din al-Albani" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_Nashiruddin_Al-Albani" title="Muhammad Nashiruddin Al-Albani – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Muhammad Nashiruddin Al-Albani" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="محمد ناصر الدین البانی – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="محمد ناصر الدین البانی" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D2%B1%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B4_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D3%99%D0%BB-%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Мұхаммед Насыруддин әл-Албани – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Мұхаммед Насыруддин әл-Албани" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%80%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%85%E0%B5%BD%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF" title="മുഹമ്മദ് നാസിറുദ്ദീൻ അൽബാനി – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മുഹമ്മദ് നാസിറുദ്ദീൻ അൽബാനി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%89" title="محمد ناصر الدين الالبانى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="محمد ناصر الدين الالبانى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_Nasiruddin_al-Albani" title="Muhammad Nasiruddin al-Albani – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Muhammad Nasiruddin al-Albani" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="محمد ناصر الدین البانی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="محمد ناصر الدین البانی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_Nasir_ad-Din_al-Albani" title="Muhammad Nasir ad-Din al-Albani – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Muhammad Nasir ad-Din al-Albani" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C-%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Насируддин аль-Албани – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Насируддин аль-Албани" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhamed_Nasirudin_Albani" title="Muhamed Nasirudin Albani – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Muhamed Nasirudin Albani" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Albani" title="Al-Albani – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Al-Albani" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheekh_Maxamed_Naasiruddiin_Al-Albaani" title="Sheekh Maxamed Naasiruddiin Al-Albaani – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Sheekh Maxamed Naasiruddiin Al-Albaani" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%DB%95%D9%85%D9%85%DB%95%D8%AF_%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%B1%DB%95%D8%AF%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%A6%DB%95%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="محەممەد ناسرەددین ئەلبانی – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="محەممەد ناسرەددین ئەلبانی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammed_N%C3%A2s%C4%B1r%C3%BCddin_el-Elb%C3%A2n%C3%AE" title="Muhammed Nâsırüddin el-Elbânî – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Muhammed Nâsırüddin el-Elbânî" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%BD_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C-%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96" title="Насируддін аль-Албані – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Насируддін аль-Албані" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="محمد ناصر الدین البانی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="محمد ناصر الدین البانی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%89%D8%B1%DB%87%D8%AF%D8%AF%D9%89%D9%86_%D8%A6%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%89%D9%8A" title="ناسىرۇددىن ئالبانىي – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ناسىرۇددىن ئالبانىي" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q560078#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Al-Bani" title="Al-Bani">Al-Bani</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Albanian Islamic scholar (1914–1999)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;background: #9BE89B; color: #000000;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="font-size: 77%; font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Imam" title="Imam">Imam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shaykh" class="mw-redirect" title="Shaykh">Shaykh</a></div><div class="fn">Al-Albani</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:125%; font-weight:bold;"><div class="nickname"><span title="Albanian-language text"><i lang="sq">Muhamed Nazir ed-Din el-Albani</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Albanian_language" title="Albanian language">Albanian</a>)</span> <br /> <span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">محمد ناصر الدين الألباني</span></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>)</span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Title</th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Al-Muhaddith al-'Alami</i></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #9BE89B; color: #000000;">Personal life</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Ebu Abdurrahman Muhamed bin el-Haxh Nuh bin Nexhati bin Adem Shkodrrani Arnauti</div><br />16 August 1914<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Shkod%C3%ABr" title="Shkodër">Shkodër</a>, <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Albania" title="Principality of Albania">Albania</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">2 October 1999<span style="display:none">(1999-10-02)</span> (aged 85)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Amman" title="Amman">Amman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data nickname"><a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albanian</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parent</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nuh_Najati&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nuh Najati (page does not exist)">Nuh Najati</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Era</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_Islamic_philosophy" title="Contemporary Islamic philosophy">Modern</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Main interest(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hadith" title="Hadith">Hadith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aqida" class="mw-redirect" title="Aqida">Aqida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiqh" title="Fiqh">Fiqh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Notable work(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Silsalat_al-Hadith_as-Sahiha" title="Silsalat al-Hadith as-Sahiha">Silsalat al-Hadith as-Sahiha</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_scholar" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic scholar">Ālim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhaddith" title="Muhaddith">Muhaddith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiqh" title="Fiqh">Faqih</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Writer" title="Writer">Writer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watchmaker" title="Watchmaker">Watchmaker</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #9BE89B; color: #000000;">Religious life</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Jurisprudence</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Ahl_al-Hadith" title="Ahl al-Hadith">Ahl al-Hadith</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Creed</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Athari" class="mw-redirect" title="Athari">Athari</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Religious_movement" title="Religious movement">Movement</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Salafi" class="mw-redirect" title="Salafi">Salafi</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #9BE89B; color: #000000;">Muslim leader</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left; border:none; padding:0;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Influenced by</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; text-align:center;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Shaykh al-Hajj Nuh Bin Najati Bin al-Ishqudri al-Hanafi al-Albani al-Arnauti</li><li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Hanbal" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibn Hanbal">Ibn Hanbal</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Taymiyyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibn Taymiyyah">Ibn Taymiyyah</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Hazm" title="Ibn Hazm">Ibn Hazm</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Imam_Bukhari" class="mw-redirect" title="Imam Bukhari">Imam Bukhari</a></li><li>Badi' ud-Din Shah al-Rashidi</li><li><a href="/wiki/Rashid_Rida" title="Rashid Rida">Rashid Rida</a></li><li>Shaykh Saeed al Burhani</li><li>Ibn al Baghi</li><li>'Izz al-Din al-Tanoukhi</li><li>Muhammad Bahjat al-Atar</li><li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Baz" title="Ibn Baz">Ibn Baz</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_ibn_Abd_al-Wahhab" title="Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab">Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab</a></li></ul></div></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left; border:none; padding:0;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>Influenced</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; text-align:center;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Baz" title="Ibn Baz">Ibn Baz</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Rabee_Al-Madkhali" class="mw-redirect" title="Rabee Al-Madkhali">Rabee Al-Madkhali</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Umar_Sulayman_al-Ashqar" class="mw-redirect" title="Umar Sulayman al-Ashqar">Umar Sulayman al-Ashqar</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Muqbil_bin_Hadi_al-Wadi%27i" title="Muqbil bin Hadi al-Wadi'i">Muqbil bin Hadi al-Wadi'i</a></li><li>Salim Al-Hilali</li><li>Shaykh Mashhoor Hasan Salmaan</li><li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_bin_Jamil_Zeno" title="Muhammad bin Jamil Zeno">Muhammad bin Jamil Zeno</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Qayum_(imam)" title="Abdul Qayum (imam)">Abdul Qayum</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Jusuf_Bar%C4%8Di%C4%87" title="Jusuf Barčić">Jusuf Barčić</a></li><li>Salih Ibn S'aad As Suhaymi</li><li>Ismail Falah Al Mandakar</li><li>Ali Hasan Al Halabi</li></ul></div></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Muhammad Nasir al-Din</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Albanian_language" title="Albanian language">Albanian</a>: <i lang="sq">Muhamed Nazir ed-Din el-Albani</i>; <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">محمد ناصر الدين الألباني</span>), commonly known as <b>al-Albani</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was an <a href="/wiki/Albanians" title="Albanians">Albanian</a> <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islamic</a> scholar. A leading figure of <a href="/wiki/Salafism" class="mw-redirect" title="Salafism">Salafism</a>, he is commemorated for his works on revaluation of <a href="/wiki/Muhaddith" title="Muhaddith">hadith studies</a>. </p><p>Born in <a href="/wiki/Shkod%C3%ABr" title="Shkodër">Shkodër</a>, al-Albani began his journey in <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>, where his family had moved prior and where he was educated as a child. Al-Albani had emphasised that in some cases, Islam allows obedience to the government of the country that a Muslim resides in. His profession was as a <a href="/wiki/Watchmaker" title="Watchmaker">watchmaker</a>. In his free time, he studied Islam. He became an expert in Hadith. He then lectured widely in the <a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a>, Spain and the United Kingdom on the Salafi movement consequently. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Albani&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Muhammad Nasir al-Din was born in 1914 in <a href="/wiki/Shkod%C3%ABr" title="Shkodër">Shkodër</a>, <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Albania" title="Principality of Albania">Albania</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWagemakers2016100_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWagemakers2016100-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His father, Nuh Najati, was a jurist of the Hanafi school of <a href="/wiki/Fiqh" title="Fiqh">jurisprudence</a> of <a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni Islam</a> who had been trained in <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThurston201659_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThurston201659-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fearing the rise of secularism during the rule of Zog I, Najati separated his son from school in Albania.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELav2012108_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELav2012108-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the age of nine in 1923, al-Albani and his family moved to <a href="/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus">Damascus</a>, then found himself under French-occupied Syria. </p><p>In Damascus, he was taught the <a href="/wiki/Qur%27an" class="mw-redirect" title="Qur'an">Qur'an</a> and other topics by his father and several local <a href="/wiki/Shaykhs" class="mw-redirect" title="Shaykhs">shaykhs</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThurston201659_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEThurston201659-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He learned the <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic language</a> from al-Is'af, a non-profit civil school where he was to be known as al-Albani ("the Albanian") just after he dropped out of school and began to write.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHamdeh20169–10_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHamdeh20169–10-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Afterwards, he studied the renowned Hanafi book, <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">Maraqi al-Falah</i></span> of al-Shurunbulali (<span style="white-space:nowrap;"><abbr title="died">d.</abbr> 1659</span>) with his teacher, Sa'id al-Burhani.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHamdeh201610–11_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHamdeh201610–11-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He studied the book <span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">Mukhtasar al-Quduri</i></span>, which his native <a href="/wiki/Syrians" title="Syrians">Syrian</a> teachers helped to accomplish .<sup id="cite_ref-Meijer2009_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meijer2009-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 63">: 63 </span></sup> In the meantime, he earned a modest living as a <a href="/wiki/Carpenter" class="mw-redirect" title="Carpenter">carpenter</a> before joining his father as a <a href="/wiki/Watchmaker" title="Watchmaker">watchmaker</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-king_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-king-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Study">Study</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Albani&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Study"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Despite his father's discouragement against hadith studies, al-Albani became interested in the Hadith, learning it at about twenty years of age, influenced by <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Rashid_Rida" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad Rashid Rida">Muhammad Rashid Rida</a>. Al-Albani's other teachers were Muhammad Bahjat al-Baytar, 'Izz al din al tanoukhi,Shaykh Sa'id al-Burhani,Ibn al Baghi etc.<sup id="cite_ref-Meijer2009_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meijer2009-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 63">: 63 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-LacroixHoloch2011_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LacroixHoloch2011-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 119">: 119 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-PIK5_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PIK5-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who collectively led him to comment on <a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Rahim_ibn_al-Husain_al-%27Iraqi" class="mw-redirect" title="Abd al-Rahim ibn al-Husain al-'Iraqi">Abd al-Rahim ibn al-Husain al-'Iraqi</a>'s <i>Al-Mughnee 'an-hamlil-Asfar fil-Asfar fee takhrej maa fil-lhyaa min al-Akhbar</i>. Following this, he wrote a series of lectures and books, and published as well articles in the <i>al-Manar</i> magazine.<sup id="cite_ref-king_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-king-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This work was the beginning of his career as a scholar, and for this book, he became known among the scholarly circles of Damascus. After a while, he began teaching two lessons per week about doctrine, Fiqh and Hadith, which were attended by students and university professors. Additionally, he began organizing advocacy trips to various cities of Syria and <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a>. Then, he obtained a leave from Muhammad Rabegh Al Tabakh, to profess Hadith in <a href="/wiki/Islamic_University_of_Madinah" title="Islamic University of Madinah">Islamic University of Madinah</a> from 1381 until 1383 <a href="/wiki/Anno_Hegirae" class="mw-redirect" title="Anno Hegirae">AH</a>, subsequently returning to Damascus. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Later_life_and_death">Later life and death</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Albani&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Later life and death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1963, al-Albani left Saudi Arabia due to the hostility he felt and returned to his studies and work in the <a href="/wiki/Az-Zahiriyah_library" class="mw-redirect" title="Az-Zahiriyah library">Az-Zahiriyah library</a> in Syria. He left his watch shop in the hands of one of his brothers. </p><p>Al-Albani visited various countries for preaching and lectures – amongst them <a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a>, Spain, and the United Kingdom. He moved a number of times between Syria and a couple of cities in Jordan. He also lived in the UAE.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> After bin Baz's intervention with Saudi educational management, al-Albani was invited to Saudi Arabia a second time in order to serve as the head of higher education in <a href="/wiki/Islamic_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic law">Islamic law</a> in <a href="/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca">Mecca</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Meijer2009_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meijer2009-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 67">: 67 </span></sup> </p><p>Al-Albani returned to Syria, and sometime later moved to Jordan, living there for the remainder of his time. He died in 1999 at the age of 85.<sup id="cite_ref-king_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-king-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Al-Albani's wife was Umm al-Fadl.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Views">Views</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Albani&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Views"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Al-Albani was a proponent of Salafism, and is considered one of the movement's primary figureheads in the 20th century. Al-Albani criticized the four mainstream legal schools, Hanafi, Hanbali, Maliki and Shafi'i, and rejected the traditional Sunni view that Muslims should automatically turn to a <a href="/wiki/Madhhab" title="Madhhab">madhhab</a> for <a href="/wiki/Fiqh" title="Fiqh">fiqh</a> (jurisprudence).<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Instead, he spent much of his life critically re-evaluating <a href="/wiki/Hadith" title="Hadith">hadith</a> literature and felt that numerous previously accepted hadiths were unsound.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This led him to produce rulings that were at odds with the Islamic majority.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Al-Albani praised Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab, though criticized him for imitating the Hanbali school.<sup id="cite_ref-Meijer2009_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meijer2009-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 68">: 68 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-LacroixHoloch2011_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LacroixHoloch2011-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 220">: 220 </span></sup> </p><p>Al-Albani was amongst some leading Salafi scholars who were preaching for decades against what they considered the warped literalism of extremists. They believed that Muslims should focus on purifying their beliefs and practice and that, in time, "God would bring victory over the forces of falsehood and unbelief."<sup id="cite_ref-jacb_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jacb-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Al-Albani openly criticized <a href="/wiki/Sayyid_Qutb" title="Sayyid Qutb">Sayyid Qutb</a>. He claimed that Qutb had deviated in creed and held the belief of <a href="/wiki/Sufi_metaphysics" title="Sufi metaphysics">Oneness of Being</a>. Further, al-Albani accused <a href="/wiki/Hassan_al-Banna" title="Hassan al-Banna">Hassan al-Banna</a>, the leader of the <a href="/wiki/Muslim_Brotherhood" title="Muslim Brotherhood">Muslim Brotherhood</a>, of not being a religious scholar and holding "positions contrary to the <a href="/wiki/Sunnah" title="Sunnah">Sunna</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-LacroixHoloch2011_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LacroixHoloch2011-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 86">: 86 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Formula_for_Salah_(Prayer)"><span id="Formula_for_Salah_.28Prayer.29"></span>Formula for <i>Salah</i> (Prayer)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Albani&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Formula for Salah (Prayer)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Al-Albani wrote a book in which he redefined the proper gestures and formula that constitute the Muslim prayer ritual abiding by the prophet Muhammad's teachings. These were contrary to the prescriptions of all established schools of jurisprudence.<sup id="cite_ref-Lacroix2_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lacroix2-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>As he argued that several details of the concrete prayer that have been taught from generation to generation were based on dubious hadith, his book caused considerable controversy.<sup id="cite_ref-PIK5_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PIK5-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Controversies">Controversies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Albani&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Controversies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Al-Albani held a number of controversial views that ran counter to the wider Islamic consensus.<sup id="cite_ref-Lacroix2_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lacroix2-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These include his view that <a href="/wiki/Mihrab" title="Mihrab"><i>mihrabs</i></a> were <a href="/wiki/Bid%27ah" title="Bid'ah">bid'ah</a> (innovation),<sup id="cite_ref-Lacroix2_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lacroix2-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that it is prohibited for women to wear gold bracelets,<sup id="cite_ref-Canon2_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Canon2-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that it is permissible to pray in a mosque with shoes,<sup id="cite_ref-Lacroix2_16-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lacroix2-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and most prominently, his call for Palestinians to leave the occupied territories since, according to him, they were unable to practice their faith there as they should.<sup id="cite_ref-LacroixHoloch2011_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LacroixHoloch2011-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 87">: 87 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Lacroix2_16-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lacroix2-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This latter view was also controversial within the Salafi movement.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Criticism">Criticism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Albani&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Criticism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Al-Albani's critics amongst the clerical and intellectual classes consisted of various theological and political opponents. These included: </p> <ul><li>In the early 1970s, Syrian hadith scholar <a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Fattah_Abu_Ghudda" title="Abd al-Fattah Abu Ghudda">Abd al-Fattah Abu Ghudda</a> (d. 1997) published a tract against al-Albani's revaluation of <a href="/wiki/Sahih_al-Bukhari" title="Sahih al-Bukhari">Sahih al-Bukhari</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sahih_Muslim" title="Sahih Muslim">Sahih Muslim</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Canon_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Canon-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The Egyptian hadith scholar Mahmud Sa'id Mamduh, who studied with 'Abd al-Fattah Abu Ghudda and 'Abdallah b. al-Siddiq al-Ghumari. Mamduh has written at least four rebuttals of al-Albani's work on different subjects. In 1987, published a work entitled <i>Alerting the Muslim to al-Albani's Transgression upon Sahih Muslim.</i><sup id="cite_ref-Canon_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Canon-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He stated that:<sup id="cite_ref-Canon328_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Canon328-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Indeed, I have concluded that his methods disagree with those of the jurists and hadith scholars, and that his methods are creating great disarray and evident disruption in the proofs of jurisprudence both generally and specifically. He lacks trust in the Imams of law and hadith, as well as in the rich hadith and law tradition handed down to us, in which the <a href="/wiki/Ummah" title="Ummah">umma</a> has taken great pride.<sup id="cite_ref-Canon328_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Canon328-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote>The Syrian <a href="/wiki/Ash%27ari" class="mw-redirect" title="Ash'ari">Ash'ari</a> scholar <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Said_Ramadan_al-Bouti" title="Muhammad Said Ramadan al-Bouti">Muhammad Said Ramadan al-Bouti</a>, took issue with al-Albani's well-known call for all Palestinians to leave <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>, the <a href="/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip" title="Gaza Strip">Gaza</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He wrote two rebuttals of al-Albani entitled <i>Anti-Madhabism: the dangers of an innovation that threaten the Sharia</i> and <i>Salafiyya: a blessed historical period, not a school of fiqh.</i><sup id="cite_ref-Pierret_106_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pierret_106-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Syrian <a href="/wiki/Muhaddith" title="Muhaddith">hadith scholar</a> Nur al-Din 'Itr rebutted some of al-Albani's views.<sup id="cite_ref-Pierret_106_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pierret_106-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Lebanese <a href="/wiki/Sufism" title="Sufism">Sufi</a> scholar <a href="/wiki/Gibril_Fouad_Haddad" class="mw-redirect" title="Gibril Fouad Haddad">Gibril Fouad Haddad</a> dubbed al-Albani "the chief innovator of our time" and accused him of <a href="/wiki/Bid%27ah" title="Bid'ah">bid'ah</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Canon_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Canon-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The Jordanian theologian, Hasan b. Ali al-Saqqaf, composed a book entitled ("Dictionary of al-Albani's Slanderings").<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works">Works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Albani&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Emad Hamdeh has described al-Albani as a "prolific scholar". He was the author of 217 books on various topics; such as <a href="/wiki/Hadith_studies" title="Hadith studies">hadith</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Fiqh" title="Fiqh">fiqh</a></i>, and <a href="/wiki/Aqidah" title="Aqidah">creed</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption> Al-Albani's works in Fields of <a href="/wiki/Hadith" title="Hadith">hadith</a> and <a href="/wiki/Science_of_hadith" class="mw-redirect" title="Science of hadith">its sciences</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Title </th> <th>Volumes </th> <th>Description </th></tr> <tr> <td><i>At-Targhib wa't-Tarhib</i> </td> <td>Volumes 1–4 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>At-Tasfiyah wa't-Tarbiyah</i> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>At-Tawassulu: Anwa'uhu wa Ahkamuhu</i> </td> <td> </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Tawassul" title="Tawassul">Tawassul</a>: Its Types & Its Rulings) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070627052156/http://abdurrahman.org/tawheed/tawassul-albaani.htm">(link to english translation)</a></i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Irwa al-Ghalil</i> </td> <td>Volumes 1–9 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Talkhis Ahkam al-Jana'iz</i> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Sahih wa Da'if <a href="/wiki/Sunan_Abu_Dawood" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunan Abu Dawood">Sunan Abu Dawood</a></i> </td> <td>Volumes 1–4 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Sahih wa Da'if <a href="/wiki/Sunan_al-Tirmidhi" title="Sunan al-Tirmidhi">Sunan at-Tirmidhi</a></i> </td> <td>Volumes 1–4 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Sahih wa Da'if <a href="/wiki/Sunan_Ibn_Maja" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunan Ibn Maja">Sunan Ibn Majah</a></i> </td> <td>Volumes 1–4 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Al-Aqidah at-Tahawiyyah Sharh wa Ta'liq</i> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Sifatu Salati An-Nabiyy</i> </td> <td> </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.qss.org/articles/salah/toc.html"><i>(link to English translation)</i></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Silsalat al-Hadith ad-<a href="/wiki/Da%27if" class="mw-redirect" title="Da'if">Da'ifah</a></i> </td> <td>Volumes 1–14 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Silsalat_al-Hadith_as-Sahiha" title="Silsalat al-Hadith as-Sahiha">Silsalat al-Hadith as-Sahiha</a></i> </td> <td>Volumes 1–11 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Salat ut-Tarawih</i> </td> <td> </td> <td>Later an abridgment of this book was published by al-Albani – <i>Qiyamu Ramadhan</i> </td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/28px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/41px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/55px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Portal:Biography">Biography portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/27px-Allah-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/40px-Allah-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/54px-Allah-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="206" data-file-height="215" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Islam" title="Portal:Islam">Islam portal</a></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Albani&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">مُحَمَّد نَاصِر ٱلدِّيْن ٱلْأَلْبَانِي</span>; <a href="/wiki/Albanian_language" title="Albanian language">Albanian</a>: <i lang="sq">Muhamed Nazir ed-Din</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Albanian_language" title="Albanian language">Albanian</a>: <i lang="sq">El-Albani</i></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Albani&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWagemakers2016100-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWagemakers2016100_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWagemakers2016">Wagemakers 2016</a>, p. 100.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEThurston201659-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThurston201659_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEThurston201659_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFThurston2016">Thurston 2016</a>, p. 59.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELav2012108-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELav2012108_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLav2012">Lav 2012</a>, p. 108.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHamdeh20169–10-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHamdeh20169–10_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHamdeh2016">Hamdeh 2016</a>, pp. 9–10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHamdeh201610–11-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHamdeh201610–11_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHamdeh2016">Hamdeh 2016</a>, pp. 10–11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Meijer2009-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Meijer2009_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Meijer2009_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Meijer2009_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Meijer2009_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMeijer2009" class="citation book cs1">Meijer, Roel (2009-10-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rvBOAQAAIAAJ"><i>Global Salafism: Islam's new religious movement</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">USA</a>: <a href="/wiki/C._Hurst_%26_Co." title="C. Hurst & Co.">C. Hurst & Co.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University_Press" title="Columbia University Press">Columbia University Press</a>. pp. <span class="nowrap">63–</span>68. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781850659792" title="Special:BookSources/9781850659792"><bdi>9781850659792</bdi></a>. <q>In this way he became a self-taught expert on Islam, learning from the books rather than the ulema. One of his biographers even states that al-Albani was distinguished in religious circles by how few <i>ijazats</i> (certificates) he possessed.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Global+Salafism%3A+Islam%27s+new+religious+movement&rft.place=New+York%2C+the+USA&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E63-%3C%2Fspan%3E68&rft.pub=C.+Hurst+%26+Co.%2C+Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=2009-10-01&rft.isbn=9781850659792&rft.aulast=Meijer&rft.aufirst=Roel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrvBOAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl-Albani" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-king-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-king_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-king_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-king_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kfip.org/sheikh-mohammad-nasir-ad-din-al-albani/">Sheikh Mohammad Nasir Ad-Din Al-Albani</a>, <a href="/wiki/King_Faisal_International_Prize" class="mw-redirect" title="King Faisal International Prize">King Faisal International Prize</a> official website. Accessed November 26, 2014.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LacroixHoloch2011-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-LacroixHoloch2011_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LacroixHoloch2011_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LacroixHoloch2011_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LacroixHoloch2011_10-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLacroixHoloch2011" class="citation book cs1">Lacroix, Stephane; Holoch, George (2011-08-15). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9iDaVH7T7boC"><i>Awakening Islam</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University_Press" title="Harvard University Press">Harvard University Press</a>. pp. <span class="nowrap">68–</span>220. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-6740-6107-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-6740-6107-1"><bdi>978-0-6740-6107-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Awakening+Islam&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E68-%3C%2Fspan%3E220&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2011-08-15&rft.isbn=978-0-6740-6107-1&rft.aulast=Lacroix&rft.aufirst=Stephane&rft.au=Holoch%2C+George&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9iDaVH7T7boC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl-Albani" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PIK5-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-PIK5_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PIK5_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBruinessenAllievi2013" class="citation book cs1">Bruinessen, Martin van; Allievi, Stefano (2013-06-17). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WO-5e-HSdOoC&q=Albani&pg=PA1"><i>Producing Islamic Knowledge: Transmission and Dissemination in Western Europe</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. p. 5. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-1369-3286-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-1369-3286-1"><bdi>978-1-1369-3286-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Producing+Islamic+Knowledge%3A+Transmission+and+Dissemination+in+Western+Europe&rft.pages=5&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013-06-17&rft.isbn=978-1-1369-3286-1&rft.aulast=Bruinessen&rft.aufirst=Martin+van&rft.au=Allievi%2C+Stefano&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWO-5e-HSdOoC%26q%3DAlbani%26pg%3DPA1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl-Albani" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201108112442/https://shaikhalbaani.files.wordpress.com/2011/07/a-conversation-with-umm-al-fadl2.pdf"><bdi lang="ar">لقاء مع أم الفضل زوجة الشيخ الألباني رحمه الله</bdi></a> [A Sitting with Umm al-Fadl, Wife of Shaikh al-Albaani (May Allaah have mercy on him)] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>The Albaani Site</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://shaikhalbaani.files.wordpress.com/2011/07/a-conversation-with-umm-al-fadl2.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2020-11-08.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Albaani+Site&rft.atitle=%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A1+%D9%85%D8%B9+%D8%A3%D9%85+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B6%D9%84+%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%AC%D8%A9+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%AE+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A+%D8%B1%D8%AD%D9%85%D9%87+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fshaikhalbaani.files.wordpress.com%2F2011%2F07%2Fa-conversation-with-umm-al-fadl2.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl-Albani" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHamdeh2017" class="citation journal cs1">Hamdeh, Emad (2017-06-09). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://commons.erau.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2603&context=publication">"Qurʾān and Sunna or the Madhhabs?: A Salafi Polemic Against Islamic Legal Tradition"</a>. <i>Islamic Law and Society</i>. <b>24</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">211–</span>253. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F15685195-00240A01">10.1163/15685195-00240A01</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1568-5195">1568-5195</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Islamic+Law+and+Society&rft.atitle=Qur%CA%BE%C4%81n+and+Sunna+or+the+Madhhabs%3F%3A+A+Salafi+Polemic+Against+Islamic+Legal+Tradition&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E211-%3C%2Fspan%3E253&rft.date=2017-06-09&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F15685195-00240A01&rft.issn=1568-5195&rft.aulast=Hamdeh&rft.aufirst=Emad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcommons.erau.edu%2Fcgi%2Fviewcontent.cgi%3Farticle%3D2603%26context%3Dpublication&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl-Albani" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFInge2016" class="citation book cs1">Inge, Anabel (2016-01-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XpLSDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA25"><i>The Making of a Salafi Muslim Woman: Paths to Conversion</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. p. 25. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780-1-9061-1675" title="Special:BookSources/9780-1-9061-1675"><bdi>9780-1-9061-1675</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Making+of+a+Salafi+Muslim+Woman%3A+Paths+to+Conversion&rft.pages=25&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2016-01-01&rft.isbn=9780-1-9061-1675&rft.aulast=Inge&rft.aufirst=Anabel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXpLSDAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA25&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl-Albani" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jacb-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-jacb_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFA._C._Brown2014" class="citation book cs1">A. C. Brown, Jonathan (2014). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/misquotingmuhamm0000brow/page/129"><i>Misquoting Muhammad: The Challenge and Choices of Interpreting the Prophet's Legacy</i></a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Oneworld_Publications" title="Oneworld Publications">Oneworld Publications</a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/misquotingmuhamm0000brow/page/129">129</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1780744209" title="Special:BookSources/978-1780744209"><bdi>978-1780744209</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Misquoting+Muhammad%3A+The+Challenge+and+Choices+of+Interpreting+the+Prophet%27s+Legacy&rft.pages=129&rft.pub=Oneworld+Publications&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1780744209&rft.aulast=A.+C.+Brown&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmisquotingmuhamm0000brow%2Fpage%2F129&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl-Albani" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lacroix2-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lacroix2_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lacroix2_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lacroix2_16-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lacroix2_16-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lacroix2_16-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStephane_Lacroix2008" class="citation cs2">Stephane Lacroix (Spring 2008), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171010091919/https://openaccess.leidenuniv.nl/bitstream/handle/1887/17210/ISIM_21_Al-Albani-s_Revolutionary_Approach_to_Hadith.pdf?sequence=1"><i>Al-Albani's Revolutionary Approach to Hadith</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, <a href="/wiki/Leiden_University" title="Leiden University">Leiden University</a>'s ISIM Review, p. 6, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openaccess.leidenuniv.nl/bitstream/handle/1887/17210/ISIM_21_Al-Albani-s_Revolutionary_Approach_to_Hadith.pdf?sequence=1">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on October 10, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 13,</span> 2013</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Al-Albani%27s+Revolutionary+Approach+to+Hadith&rft.pages=6&rft.pub=Leiden+University%27s+ISIM+Review&rft.date=2008&rft.au=Stephane+Lacroix&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenaccess.leidenuniv.nl%2Fbitstream%2Fhandle%2F1887%2F17210%2FISIM_21_Al-Albani-s_Revolutionary_Approach_to_Hadith.pdf%3Fsequence%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl-Albani" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Canon2-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Canon2_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrown2007" class="citation book cs1">Brown, Jonathan (2007-06-05). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nyMKDEAb4GsC"><i>The Canonization of Al-Bukhari and Muslim: The Formation and Function of the Sunni Hadith Canon</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Brill_Publishers" title="Brill Publishers">Brill</a>. p. 325. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9004158399" title="Special:BookSources/978-9004158399"><bdi>978-9004158399</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Canonization+of+Al-Bukhari+and+Muslim%3A+The+Formation+and+Function+of+the+Sunni+Hadith+Canon&rft.pages=325&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2007-06-05&rft.isbn=978-9004158399&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnyMKDEAb4GsC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl-Albani" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBatrawi2015" class="citation news cs1">Batrawi, Samar (28 October 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/israel/2015-10-28/what-isis-talks-about-when-it-talks-about-palestine">"What ISIS Talks About When It Talks About Palestine"</a>. Foreign Affairs. Foreign Affairs<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 June</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=What+ISIS+Talks+About+When+It+Talks+About+Palestine&rft.date=2015-10-28&rft.aulast=Batrawi&rft.aufirst=Samar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.foreignaffairs.com%2Farticles%2Fisrael%2F2015-10-28%2Fwhat-isis-talks-about-when-it-talks-about-palestine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl-Albani" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Canon-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Canon_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Canon_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Canon_19-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrown2007" class="citation book cs1">Brown, Jonathan (2007-06-05). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nyMKDEAb4GsC"><i>The Canonization of Al-Bukhari and Muslim: The Formation and Function of the Sunni Hadith Canon</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Brill_Publishers" title="Brill Publishers">Brill</a>. p. 327. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9004158399" title="Special:BookSources/978-9004158399"><bdi>978-9004158399</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Canonization+of+Al-Bukhari+and+Muslim%3A+The+Formation+and+Function+of+the+Sunni+Hadith+Canon&rft.pages=327&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2007-06-05&rft.isbn=978-9004158399&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnyMKDEAb4GsC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl-Albani" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Canon328-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Canon328_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Canon328_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrown2007" class="citation book cs1">Brown, Jonathan (2007-06-05). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nyMKDEAb4GsC"><i>The Canonization of Al-Bukhari and Muslim: The Formation and Function of the Sunni Hadith Canon</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Brill_Publishers" title="Brill Publishers">Brill</a>. p. 328. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9004158399" title="Special:BookSources/978-9004158399"><bdi>978-9004158399</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Canonization+of+Al-Bukhari+and+Muslim%3A+The+Formation+and+Function+of+the+Sunni+Hadith+Canon&rft.pages=328&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2007-06-05&rft.isbn=978-9004158399&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnyMKDEAb4GsC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl-Albani" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCook2015" class="citation book cs1">Cook, David (2015-09-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RMhRCgAAQBAJ"><i>Understanding Jihad</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_California_Press" title="University of California Press">University of California Press</a>. p. 123. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-5209-6249-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-5209-6249-1"><bdi>978-0-5209-6249-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Understanding+Jihad&rft.pages=123&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=2015-09-01&rft.isbn=978-0-5209-6249-1&rft.aulast=Cook&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRMhRCgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl-Albani" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pierret_106-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Pierret_106_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pierret_106_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPierret2013" class="citation book cs1">Pierret, Thomas (2013-03-25). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1YemPpfsU20C"><i>Religion and State in Syria: The Sunni Ulama from Coup to Revolution</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. p. 106. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-1070-2641-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-1070-2641-4"><bdi>978-1-1070-2641-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Religion+and+State+in+Syria%3A+The+Sunni+Ulama+from+Coup+to+Revolution&rft.pages=106&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2013-03-25&rft.isbn=978-1-1070-2641-4&rft.aulast=Pierret&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1YemPpfsU20C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl-Albani" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJonathan_Brown2007" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_A._C._Brown" title="Jonathan A. C. Brown">Jonathan Brown</a> (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nyMKDEAb4GsC"><i>The Canonization of Al-Bukhari and Muslim: The Formation and Function of the Sunni Hadith Canon</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Brill_Publishers" title="Brill Publishers">Brill Publishers</a>. p. 325. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9004158399" title="Special:BookSources/978-9004158399"><bdi>978-9004158399</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Canonization+of+Al-Bukhari+and+Muslim%3A+The+Formation+and+Function+of+the+Sunni+Hadith+Canon&rft.pages=325&rft.pub=Brill+Publishers&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-9004158399&rft.au=Jonathan+Brown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnyMKDEAb4GsC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl-Albani" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHamdeh2021" class="citation book cs1">Hamdeh, Emad (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YusgEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA41"><i>Salafism and Traditionalism: Scholarly Authority in Modern Islam</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. p. 41. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-108-61836-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-108-61836-6"><bdi>978-1-108-61836-6</bdi></a>. <q>A prolific scholar, he authored 217 books on various topics such as ḥadīth, <i>fiqh</i>, and creed.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Salafism+and+Traditionalism%3A+Scholarly+Authority+in+Modern+Islam&rft.pages=41&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=978-1-108-61836-6&rft.aulast=Hamdeh&rft.aufirst=Emad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYusgEAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA41&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl-Albani" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Albani&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLav2012" class="citation book cs1">Lav, Daniel (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GET8PikavOwC"><i>Radical Islam and the Revival of Medieval Theology</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-1070-0964-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-1070-0964-6"><bdi>978-1-1070-0964-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Radical+Islam+and+the+Revival+of+Medieval+Theology&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-1070-0964-6&rft.aulast=Lav&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGET8PikavOwC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl-Albani" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBruinessenAllievi2013" class="citation book cs1">Bruinessen, Martin van; Allievi, Stefano (2013-06-17). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qpDWl2a_lzQC"><i>Producing Islamic Knowledge: Transmission and dissemination in Western Europe</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-1369-3285-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-1369-3285-4"><bdi>978-1-1369-3285-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Producing+Islamic+Knowledge%3A+Transmission+and+dissemination+in+Western+Europe&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013-06-17&rft.isbn=978-1-1369-3285-4&rft.aulast=Bruinessen&rft.aufirst=Martin+van&rft.au=Allievi%2C+Stefano&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqpDWl2a_lzQC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl-Albani" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHamdeh2016" class="citation journal cs1">Hamdeh, Emad (July 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://commons.erau.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2605&context=publication">"The Formative Years of an Iconoclastic Salafi Scholar"</a>. <i>The Muslim World</i>. <b>106</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">411–</span>432. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fmuwo.12157">10.1111/muwo.12157</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0027-4909">0027-4909</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Muslim+World&rft.atitle=The+Formative+Years+of+an+Iconoclastic+Salafi+Scholar&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E411-%3C%2Fspan%3E432&rft.date=2016-07&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fmuwo.12157&rft.issn=0027-4909&rft.aulast=Hamdeh&rft.aufirst=Emad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcommons.erau.edu%2Fcgi%2Fviewcontent.cgi%3Farticle%3D2605%26context%3Dpublication&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl-Albani" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHegghammerLacroix2007" class="citation journal cs1">Hegghammer, Thomas; Lacroix, Stéphane (February 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hal-sciencespo.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03461987/file/hegghammer-lacroix-rejectionist-islamism-in-saudi-arabia.pdf">"Rejectionist Islamism in Saudi Arabia: The Story of Juhayman al-ʿUtaybi Revisited"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>International Journal of Middle East Studies</i>. <b>39</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">103–</span>122. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0020743807002553">10.1017/S0020743807002553</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4129114">4129114</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:163081762">163081762</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Middle+East+Studies&rft.atitle=Rejectionist+Islamism+in+Saudi+Arabia%3A+The+Story+of+Juhayman+al-%CA%BFUtaybi+Revisited&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E103-%3C%2Fspan%3E122&rft.date=2007-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A163081762%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4129114%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0020743807002553&rft.aulast=Hegghammer&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft.au=Lacroix%2C+St%C3%A9phane&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhal-sciencespo.archives-ouvertes.fr%2Fhal-03461987%2Ffile%2Fhegghammer-lacroix-rejectionist-islamism-in-saudi-arabia.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl-Albani" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHamdeh2017" class="citation journal cs1">Hamdeh, Emad (2017-06-09). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://commons.erau.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2603&context=publication">"Qurʾān and Sunna or the Madhhabs?: A Salafi Polemic Against Islamic Legal Tradition"</a>. <i>Islamic Law and Society</i>. <b>24</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">211–</span>253. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F15685195-00240A01">10.1163/15685195-00240A01</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1568-5195">1568-5195</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Islamic+Law+and+Society&rft.atitle=Qur%CA%BE%C4%81n+and+Sunna+or+the+Madhhabs%3F%3A+A+Salafi+Polemic+Against+Islamic+Legal+Tradition&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E211-%3C%2Fspan%3E253&rft.date=2017-06-09&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F15685195-00240A01&rft.issn=1568-5195&rft.aulast=Hamdeh&rft.aufirst=Emad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcommons.erau.edu%2Fcgi%2Fviewcontent.cgi%3Farticle%3D2603%26context%3Dpublication&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl-Albani" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNorris1993" class="citation book cs1">Norris, Harry Thirlwall (1993). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/islaminbalkansre00norr"><i>Islam in the Balkans: religion and society between Europe and the Arab world</i></a></span>. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87249-977-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87249-977-5"><bdi>978-0-87249-977-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Islam+in+the+Balkans%3A+religion+and+society+between+Europe+and+the+Arab+world&rft.place=Columbia&rft.pub=University+of+South+Carolina+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0-87249-977-5&rft.aulast=Norris&rft.aufirst=Harry+Thirlwall&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fislaminbalkansre00norr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl-Albani" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrachman2008" class="citation book cs1">Brachman, Jarret M. (2008-09-03). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-zd8AgAAQBAJ&q=Albani"><i>Global Jihadism: Theory and Practice</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. p. 33. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-1340-5541-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-1340-5541-8"><bdi>978-1-1340-5541-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Global+Jihadism%3A+Theory+and+Practice&rft.pages=33&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2008-09-03&rft.isbn=978-1-1340-5541-8&rft.aulast=Brachman&rft.aufirst=Jarret+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-zd8AgAAQBAJ%26q%3DAlbani&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl-Albani" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThurston2016" class="citation book cs1">Thurston, Alexander (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qMrxDAAAQBAJ"><i>Salafism in Nigeria: Islam, Preaching, and Politics</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-1071-5743-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-1071-5743-9"><bdi>978-1-1071-5743-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Salafism+in+Nigeria%3A+Islam%2C+Preaching%2C+and+Politics&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-1071-5743-9&rft.aulast=Thurston&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqMrxDAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl-Albani" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWagemakers2016" class="citation book cs1">Wagemakers, Joas (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=L13WDAAAQBAJ"><i>Salafism in Jordan: Political Islam in a Quietist Community</i></a>. Cambridge, United Kingdom: <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-10716-366-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-10716-366-9"><bdi>978-1-10716-366-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Salafism+in+Jordan%3A+Political+Islam+in+a+Quietist+Community&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+United+Kingdom&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-10716-366-9&rft.aulast=Wagemakers&rft.aufirst=Joas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DL13WDAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl-Albani" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Albani&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Muhammad_Nasiruddin_al-Albani" class="extiw" title="q:Muhammad Nasiruddin al-Albani">Muhammad Nasiruddin al-Albani</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.TheAlbaani.Site/">The Albaani Site – Translations from His Works – Updated Regularly</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170914162104/http://www.alalbany.net/">Official Website of Sheikh Al-Albani </a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openaccess.leidenuniv.nl/bitstream/handle/1887/13326/review_21.pdf?sequence=1">Pages 6-7: Al-Albani's Revolutionary Approach to Hadith - 2-page article on Al-Albani's hadith methodology in a backdrop to nepotism among Salafi scholars in Saudi Arabia</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output 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0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/103286659">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n81026566">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb14608271r">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb14608271r">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p074368605">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/c9prl2tw1879xfh">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007304329805171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA08233421?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/103286659">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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