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പങ്കാളിത്തം </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-startarticle" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF:%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF" title="പുതിയ ഒരു ലേഖനം തുടങ്ങുവാൻ"><span>ലേഖനം തുടങ്ങുക</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%BE" title="വിക്കിയിലെ സമീപകാലമാറ്റങ്ങൾ [r]" accesskey="r"><span>സമീപകാല മാറ്റങ്ങൾ</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF:%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%82" title="പദ്ധതി താളിനെക്കുറിച്ച്, താങ്കൾക്കെന്തൊക്കെ ചെയ്യാം, കാര്യങ്ങൾ എവിടെനിന്ന് കണ്ടെത്താം"><span>സാമൂഹികകവാടം</span></a></li><li id="n-portal-sb" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF:%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%82"><span>കവാടം</span></a></li><li id="n-panchayat-sb" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF:%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%9E%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D" title="ആറു ഗ്രാമസഭകളുള്ള വിക്കിപീഡിയ ചർച്ചാവേദി"><span>പഞ്ചായത്ത്</span></a></li><li id="n-Embassy" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF:Embassy"><span>Embassy</span></a></li><li id="n-അപ്‌ലോഡ്‌" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D"><span>അപ്‌ലോഡ്‌</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-navigation-sb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation-sb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> വഴികാട്ടി </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%89%E0%B4%B3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82" title="സഹായം ലഭ്യമായ ഇടം"><span>സഹായം</span></a></li><li id="n-sandbox-sb" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF:%E0%B4%8E%E0%B4%B4%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF"><span>എഴുത്തുകളരി</span></a></li><li id="n-styleguide-sb" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF:%E0%B4%B6%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82"><span>ശൈലീപുസ്തകം</span></a></li><li id="n-policies-and-gl-sb" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF:%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B4%B3%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%82_%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%96%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B3%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%82"><span>നയങ്ങളും മാർഗ്ഗരേഖകളും</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-communication-sb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-communication-sb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ആശയവിനിമയം </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-livechat-sb" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%90.%E0%B4%86%E0%B5%BC.%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF."><span>തത്സമയ സംവാദം</span></a></li><li id="n-maillist-sb" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF:%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D"><span>മെയിലിങ് ലിസ്റ്റ്</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A7%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8_%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BE" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="വിക്കിപീഡിയ" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-ml.svg" style="width: 7.4375em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="<small>വിക്കിപീഡിയ, ഒരു സ്വതന്ത്ര വിജ്ഞാനകോശം</small>" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-ml.svg" width="119" height="12" style="width: 7.4375em; height: 0.75em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%82" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="വിക്കിപീഡിയ സംരംഭത്തിൽ തിരയുക [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>തിരയൂ</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="വിക്കിപീഡിയ സംരംഭത്തിൽ തിരയുക" aria-label="വിക്കിപീഡിയ സംരംഭത്തിൽ തിരയുക" autocapitalize="sentences" title="വിക്കിപീഡിയ സംരംഭത്തിൽ തിരയുക [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="പ്രത്യേകം:അന്വേഷണം"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">തിരയൂ</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="വ്യക്തിഗത ഉപകരണങ്ങൾ"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="ദൃശ്യരൂപം"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ദൃശ്യരൂപം" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ദൃശ്യരൂപം</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ml.wikipedia.org&uselang=ml" class=""><span>ധനസമാഹരണം</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BD&returnto=%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BE+%E0%B4%93%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC+%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BE+%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D+%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D+%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AB%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%BB" title="നിർബന്ധമില്ലെങ്കിലും, താങ്കൾ ഒരു അംഗത്വമെടുക്കണമെന്നും പ്രവേശിക്കണമെന്നും താത്പര്യപ്പെടുന്നു" class=""><span>അംഗത്വമെടുക്കുക</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%82&returnto=%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BE+%E0%B4%93%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC+%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BE+%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D+%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D+%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AB%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%BB" title="ലോഗിൻ ചെയ്യുവാൻ താല്പര്യപ്പെടുന്നു; പക്ഷേ നിർബന്ധമല്ല [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>പ്രവേശിക്കുക</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="കൂടുതൽ ഐച്ഛികങ്ങൾ" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="വ്യക്തിഗത ഉപകരണങ്ങൾ" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">വ്യക്തിഗത ഉപകരണങ്ങൾ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ml.wikipedia.org&uselang=ml"><span>ധനസമാഹരണം</span></a></li><li id="pt-contribute" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:Contribute"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span>തിരുത്തുക</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%85%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BD&returnto=%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BE+%E0%B4%93%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC+%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BE+%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D+%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D+%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AB%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%BB" title="നിർബന്ധമില്ലെങ്കിലും, താങ്കൾ ഒരു അംഗത്വമെടുക്കണമെന്നും പ്രവേശിക്കണമെന്നും താത്പര്യപ്പെടുന്നു"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>അംഗത്വമെടുക്കുക</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%82&returnto=%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BE+%E0%B4%93%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC+%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BE+%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D+%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D+%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AB%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%BB" title="ലോഗിൻ ചെയ്യുവാൻ താല്പര്യപ്പെടുന്നു; പക്ഷേ നിർബന്ധമല്ല [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>പ്രവേശിക്കുക</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a 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vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">ഉള്ളടക്കം</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">സൈഡ്‌ബാറിലേക്ക് മാറ്റുക</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">മറയ്ക്കുക</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">തുടക്കം</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-ചരിത്രം" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ചരിത്രം"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>ചരിത്രം</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ചരിത്രം-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-സവിശേഷതകൾ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#സവിശേഷതകൾ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>സവിശേഷതകൾ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-സവിശേഷതകൾ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-വേഗത" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#വേഗത"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>വേഗത</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-വേഗത-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ഇതും_കാണുക" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ഇതും_കാണുക"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>ഇതും കാണുക</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ഇതും_കാണുക-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-അവലംബം" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#അവലംബം"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>അവലംബം</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-അവലംബം-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-പുറം_കണ്ണികൾ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#പുറം_കണ്ണികൾ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>പുറം കണ്ണികൾ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-പുറം_കണ്ണികൾ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="ഉള്ളടക്കം" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" 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mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 27 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-27" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">27 ഭാഷകൾ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/DOCSIS" title="DOCSIS – ബൾഗേറിയൻ" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="DOCSIS" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="ബൾഗേറിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/DOCSIS" title="DOCSIS – ബോസ്നിയൻ" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="DOCSIS" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="ബോസ്നിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/DOCSIS" title="DOCSIS – ചെക്ക്" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="DOCSIS" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ചെക്ക്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/DOCSIS" title="DOCSIS – ഡാനിഷ്" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="DOCSIS" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="ഡാനിഷ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_Over_Cable_Service_Interface_Specification" title="Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification – ജർമ്മൻ" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="ജർമ്മൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DOCSIS" title="DOCSIS – ഇംഗ്ലീഷ്" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="DOCSIS" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="ഇംഗ്ലീഷ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/DOCSIS" title="DOCSIS – എസ്‌പരാന്റോ" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="DOCSIS" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="എസ്‌പരാന്റോ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/DOCSIS" title="DOCSIS – സ്‌പാനിഷ്" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="DOCSIS" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="സ്‌പാനിഷ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/DOCSIS" title="DOCSIS – എസ്റ്റോണിയൻ" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="DOCSIS" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="എസ്റ്റോണിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3" title="داکسیس – പേർഷ്യൻ" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="داکسیس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="പേർഷ്യൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_Over_Cable_Service_Interface_Specification" title="Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification – ഫ്രഞ്ച്" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="ഫ്രഞ്ച്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%A1" title="דוקסיס – ഹീബ്രു" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="דוקסיס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ഹീബ്രു" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/DOCSIS" title="DOCSIS – ഹംഗേറിയൻ" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="DOCSIS" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ഹംഗേറിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/DOCSIS" title="DOCSIS – ഇറ്റാലിയൻ" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="DOCSIS" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="ഇറ്റാലിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_Over_Cable_Service_Interface_Specifications" title="Data Over Cable Service Interface Specifications – ജാപ്പനീസ്" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="Data Over Cable Service Interface Specifications" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="ജാപ്പനീസ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/DOCSIS" title="DOCSIS – കൊറിയൻ" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="DOCSIS" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="കൊറിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/DOCSIS" title="DOCSIS – മാസിഡോണിയൻ" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="DOCSIS" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="മാസിഡോണിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_Over_Cable_Service_Interface_Specification" title="Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification – ഡച്ച്" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="ഡച്ച്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/DOCSIS" title="DOCSIS – നോർവീജിയൻ ബുക്‌മൽ" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="DOCSIS" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="നോർവീജിയൻ ബുക്‌മൽ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/DOCSIS" title="DOCSIS – പോളിഷ്" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="DOCSIS" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="പോളിഷ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/DOCSIS" title="DOCSIS – പോർച്ചുഗീസ്" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="DOCSIS" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="പോർച്ചുഗീസ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/DOCSIS" title="DOCSIS – റൊമാനിയൻ" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="DOCSIS" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="റൊമാനിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/DOCSIS" title="DOCSIS – റഷ്യൻ" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="DOCSIS" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="റഷ്യൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/DOCSIS" title="DOCSIS – സ്വീഡിഷ്" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="DOCSIS" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="സ്വീഡിഷ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/DOCSIS" title="DOCSIS – ടർക്കിഷ്" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="DOCSIS" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="ടർക്കിഷ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/DOCSIS" title="DOCSIS – ഉക്രേനിയൻ" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="DOCSIS" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ഉക്രേനിയൻ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E7%BA%BF%E7%94%B5%E7%BC%86%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE%E6%9C%8D%E5%8A%A1%E6%8E%A5%E5%8F%A3%E8%A7%84%E8%8C%83" title="有线电缆数据服务接口规范 – ചൈനീസ്" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="有线电缆数据服务接口规范" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="ചൈനീസ്" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q944595#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="അന്തർഭാഷാ കണ്ണികൾ തിരുത്തുക" class="wbc-editpage">കണ്ണികൾ തിരുത്തുക</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav 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id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ഉപകരണങ്ങൾ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">ഉപകരണങ്ങൾ</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">സൈഡ്‌ബാറിലേക്ക് മാറ്റുക</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">മറയ്ക്കുക</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BE_%E0%B4%93%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC_%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BE_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AB%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%BB"><span>വായിക്കുക</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BE_%E0%B4%93%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC_%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BE_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AB%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%BB&action=edit" title="ഈ താളിന്റെ മൂലരൂപം തിരുത്തുക [e]" accesskey="e"><span>തിരുത്തുക</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BE_%E0%B4%93%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC_%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BE_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AB%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%BB&action=history"><span>നാൾവഴി കാണുക</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> സാർവത്രികം </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a 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[j]" accesskey="j"><span>ഈ താളിലേക്കുള്ള കണ്ണികൾ</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A7%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F_%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%BE/%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BE_%E0%B4%93%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC_%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BE_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AB%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%BB" rel="nofollow" title="താളുകളിലെ പുതിയ മാറ്റങ്ങൾ [k]" accesskey="k"><span>അനുബന്ധ മാറ്റങ്ങൾ</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/വിക്കിപീഡിയ:അപ്‌ലോഡ്" title="പ്രമാണങ്ങൾ അപ്‌ലോഡ് ചെയ്യുവാൻ 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href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BE_%E0%B4%93%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC_%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BE_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AB%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%BB&action=show-download-screen"><span>PDF ആയി ഡൗൺലോഡ് ചെയ്യുക</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BE_%E0%B4%93%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC_%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BE_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AB%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%BB&printable=yes" title="ഈ താളിന്റെ അച്ചടി രൂപം [p]" accesskey="p"><span>അച്ചടിരൂപം</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ഇതരപദ്ധതികളിൽ </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:DOCSIS" hreflang="en"><span>വിക്കിമീഡിയ കോമൺസ്</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link 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data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">ദൃശ്യരൂപം</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">സൈഡ്‌ബാറിലേക്ക് മാറ്റുക</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">മറയ്ക്കുക</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">വിക്കിപീഡിയ, ഒരു സ്വതന്ത്ര വിജ്ഞാനകോശം.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ml" dir="ltr"><div class="nomobile"> <div id="purl" class="NavFrame collapsed" style="float: right; font-size: 85%; position: absolute; top: -4em; right: 0; width: auto; background: #eae9e9;"> <div class="NavHead" style="padding: 1px 8px;"><b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/DOCSIS">ഇംഗ്ലീഷ് വിലാസം</a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%AB%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82:Prettyurl#ഉപയോഗക്രമം" title="സഹായം"><img alt="സഹായം" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Gtk-dialog-question.svg/12px-Gtk-dialog-question.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Gtk-dialog-question.svg/18px-Gtk-dialog-question.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Gtk-dialog-question.svg/24px-Gtk-dialog-question.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></b> </div> <div class="NavContent" style="background:#eae9e9; width:auto"><span class="plainlinks" style="white-space:nowrap; overflow: hidden"><a class="external free" href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/DOCSIS">https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/DOCSIS</a></span> </div> </div> </div> <p>കേബിൾ ഇന്റർനെറ്റ് സേവനം നൽകാൻ ഉപയോഗിക്കുന്ന പ്രോട്ടോക്കോളാണ് <b>ഡാറ്റാ ഓവർ കേബിൾ സർവീസ് ഇന്റർഫേസ് സ്പെസിഫിക്കഷൻ</b>(often pronounced <small></small><span class="nowrap"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82:IPA/English" title="സഹായം:IPA/English">/ˈdɒksɪs/</a></span></span>). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ചരിത്രം"><span id=".E0.B4.9A.E0.B4.B0.E0.B4.BF.E0.B4.A4.E0.B5.8D.E0.B4.B0.E0.B4.82"></span>ചരിത്രം</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BE_%E0%B4%93%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC_%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BE_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AB%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%BB&action=edit&section=1" title="ഉപവിഭാഗം തിരുത്തുക: ചരിത്രം"><span>തിരുത്തുക</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BE_%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="കേബിൾ ലാബ്സ് (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">കേബിൾ ലാബ്സ്</a> ആണ് ഈ പ്രോട്ടോക്കോൾ വികസിപ്പിച്ചെടുത്തത്<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>ആദ്യ സ്പെസിഫിക്കേഷൻ 1.0 1997 മാർച്ചിലാണ് പുറപ്പെടുവിച്ചത്. തുടർന്ന് 1999 ഏപ്രിലിൽ തുടർച്ചയായി 1.1 ഇറക്കി. ഇതിൽ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF_%E0%B4%93%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ക്വാളിറ്റി ഓഫ് സർവീസ് (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">ക്വാളിറ്റി ഓഫ് സർവീസ്</a> ചേർത്തിട്ടുണ്ടായിരുന്നു. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="സവിശേഷതകൾ"><span id=".E0.B4.B8.E0.B4.B5.E0.B4.BF.E0.B4.B6.E0.B5.87.E0.B4.B7.E0.B4.A4.E0.B4.95.E0.B5.BE"></span>സവിശേഷതകൾ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BE_%E0%B4%93%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC_%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BE_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AB%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%BB&action=edit&section=2" title="ഉപവിഭാഗം തിരുത്തുക: സവിശേഷതകൾ"><span>തിരുത്തുക</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%AB%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BD_%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ഫിസിക്കൽ ലെയർ (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">ഫിസിക്കൽ ലെയർ</a></dt> <dd></dd></dl> <ul><li>ചാനൽ വിഡ്ത്ത്: ഡോക്സിസിന്റെ എല്ലാ പതിപ്പിലും ഡൌൺസ്ട്രീമിന് 6 മെഗാ ഹെട്സ് അല്ലെങ്കിൽ 8 മെഗാ ഹെട്സ് ഉപയോഗിക്കുന്നു.</li> <li>മോഡുലേഷൻ: ഡൌൺസ്ട്രീം ഡാറ്റാ കൈമാറ്റത്തിന് 64-ബിറ്റ് അല്ലെങ്കിൽ 256-ബിറ്റ് <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%BC_%E0%B4%86%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ക്വാഡ്രേച്ചർ ആംപ്ലിറ്റ്യൂഡ് മോഡുലേഷൻ (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">ക്വാം</a> മോഡുലേഷൻ ഉപയോഗിക്കുന്നു.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="വേഗത"><span id=".E0.B4.B5.E0.B5.87.E0.B4.97.E0.B4.A4"></span>വേഗത</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BE_%E0%B4%93%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC_%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BE_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AB%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%BB&action=edit&section=3" title="ഉപവിഭാഗം തിരുത്തുക: വേഗത"><span>തിരുത്തുക</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Maximum raw throughput including overhead (maximum usable throughput without overhead) </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" border="1"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="3">പതിപ്പ്</th> <th colspan="6">Downstream</th> <th colspan="5">Upstream </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="4">ചാനൽ കോൺഫിഗറേഷൻ</th> <th rowspan="2">DOCSIS throughput</th> <th rowspan="2">EuroDOCSIS throughput</th> <th colspan="4">Channel configuration</th> <th rowspan="2">Throughput </th></tr> <tr> <th>Minimum selectable number of channels</th> <th>Minimum number of channels that hardware must be able to support</th> <th>Selected number of channels</th> <th>Maximum number of channels</th> <th>Minimum selectable number of channels</th> <th>Minimum number of channels that hardware must be able to support</th> <th>Selected number of channels</th> <th>Maximum number of channels </th></tr> <tr> <th>1.x </th> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>42.88 (38) Mbit/s</td> <td>55.62 (50) Mbit/s</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>10.24 (9) Mbit/s </td></tr> <tr> <th>2.0 </th> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>42.88 (38) Mbit/s</td> <td>55.62 (50) Mbit/s</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>30.72 (27) Mbit/s </td></tr> <tr> <th>3.0 </th> <td>1</td> <td>4</td> <td><i>m</i></td> <td>No maximum<br />defined</td> <td><i>m</i> × 42.88 (<i>m</i> × 38) Mbit/s</td> <td><i>m</i> × 55.62 (<i>m</i> × 50) Mbit/s</td> <td>1</td> <td>4</td> <td><i>n</i></td> <td>No maximum<br />defined</td> <td><i>n</i> × 30.72 (<i>n</i> × 27) Mbit/s </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Common DOCSIS 3.0 speeds are listed in the table below. </p> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" border="1"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Channel configuration</th> <th colspan="2">Downstream throughput</th> <th rowspan="2">Upstream throughput </th></tr> <tr> <th>Number of downstream channels</th> <th>Number of upstream channels</th> <th>DOCSIS</th> <th>EuroDOCSIS </th></tr> <tr> <td>4</td> <td>4</td> <td>171.52 (152) Mbit/s</td> <td>222.48 (200) Mbit/s</td> <td>122.88 (108) Mbit/s </td></tr> <tr> <td>8</td> <td>4</td> <td>343.04 (304) Mbit/s</td> <td>444.96 (400) Mbit/s</td> <td>122.88 (108) Mbit/s </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ഇതും_കാണുക"><span id=".E0.B4.87.E0.B4.A4.E0.B5.81.E0.B4.82_.E0.B4.95.E0.B4.BE.E0.B4.A3.E0.B5.81.E0.B4.95"></span>ഇതും കാണുക</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BE_%E0%B4%93%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC_%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BE_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AB%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%BB&action=edit&section=4" title="ഉപവിഭാഗം തിരുത്തുക: ഇതും കാണുക"><span>തിരുത്തുക</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1_%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ഡാറ്റ കേബിൾ (ഇതുവരെ എഴുതപ്പെട്ടിട്ടില്ല)">ഡാറ്റ കേബിൾ</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="അവലംബം"><span id=".E0.B4.85.E0.B4.B5.E0.B4.B2.E0.B4.82.E0.B4.AC.E0.B4.82"></span>അവലംബം</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BE_%E0%B4%93%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC_%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BE_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AB%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%BB&action=edit&section=5" title="ഉപവിഭാഗം തിരുത്തുക: അവലംബം"><span>തിരുത്തുക</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r4123595">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">www.wikinvest.com/concept/Docsis</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="പുറം_കണ്ണികൾ"><span id=".E0.B4.AA.E0.B5.81.E0.B4.B1.E0.B4.82_.E0.B4.95.E0.B4.A3.E0.B5.8D.E0.B4.A3.E0.B4.BF.E0.B4.95.E0.B5.BE"></span>പുറം കണ്ണികൾ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BE_%E0%B4%93%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC_%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BE_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AB%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%BB&action=edit&section=6" title="ഉപവിഭാഗം തിരുത്തുക: പുറം കണ്ണികൾ"><span>തിരുത്തുക</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cablemodem.com/specifications/specifications10.html">DOCSIS 1.0 ഇന്റർഫേസ് സ്പെസിഫിക്കേഷൻ</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cablemodem.com/specifications/specifications11.html">DOCSIS 1.1 ഇന്റർഫേസ് സ്പെസിഫിക്കേഷൻ</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cablemodem.com/specifications/specifications20.html">DOCSIS 2.0 ഇന്റർഫേസ് സ്പെസിഫിക്കേഷൻ</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cablemodem.com/specifications/specifications30.html">DOCSIS 3.0 ഇന്റർഫേസ് സ്പെസിഫിക്കേഷൻ</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/internetworking/technology/handbook/Cable.html">Cisco documentation on Cable Technologies</a> Technical information about Cable TV and DOCSIS.</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">"<a dir="ltr" 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