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.infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title" style="padding-bottom:0.25em">Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Great_Seal_of_the_United_States_(obverse).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Great Seal of the United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Great_Seal_of_the_United_States_%28obverse%29.svg/140px-Great_Seal_of_the_United_States_%28obverse%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Great_Seal_of_the_United_States_%28obverse%29.svg/210px-Great_Seal_of_the_United_States_%28obverse%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Great_Seal_of_the_United_States_%28obverse%29.svg/280px-Great_Seal_of_the_United_States_%28obverse%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.245em;line-height:1.15em;padding-right:0.65em">Long title</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:left;line-height:1.3em">An act to provide for the continuation of agricultural programs through fiscal year 2012, and for other purposes.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.245em;line-height:1.15em;padding-right:0.65em">Nicknames</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:left;line-height:1.3em"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>2008 U.S. Farm Bill</li><li>Agricultural Security Improvement Act of 2008</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.245em;line-height:1.15em;padding-right:0.65em">Enacted by</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:left;line-height:1.3em">the <a href="/wiki/110th_United_States_Congress" title="110th United States Congress">110th United States Congress</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.245em;line-height:1.15em;padding-right:0.65em">Effective</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:left;line-height:1.3em">June 18, 2008</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#bbddff">Citations</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.245em;line-height:1.15em;padding-right:0.65em">Public law</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:left;line-height:1.3em"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/PLAW-110publ234/pdf/PLAW-110publ234.pdf">110–246</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.245em;line-height:1.15em;padding-right:0.65em"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Statutes_at_Large" title="United States Statutes at Large"><span class="wrap">Statutes at Large</span></a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:left;line-height:1.3em">122 <a href="/wiki/United_States_Statutes_at_Large" title="United States Statutes at Large">Stat.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://legislink.org/us/stat-122-1651">1651</a> <i>through</i> 122 Stat. 2313 (662 pages)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#bbddff"><span class="nourlexpansion"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/bdquery/z?d110:HR2419:@@@S">Legislative history</a></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align:left;line-height:1.3em"><div><ul style="line-height:1.3em;text-align:left"><li><b>Introduced</b> in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">House of Representatives</a> as <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.congress.gov/bill/110th-congress/house-bill/6124">H.R. 6124</a> by <a href="/wiki/Collin_Peterson" title="Collin Peterson">Collin Peterson</a> (<a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">D</a>–<a href="/wiki/Minnesota" title="Minnesota">MN</a>) on May 22, 2008</li><li><b>Committee consideration</b> by <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Agriculture" title="United States House Committee on Agriculture">Agriculture</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Foreign_Affairs" title="United States House Committee on Foreign Affairs">Foreign Affairs</a></li><li><b>Passed the House of Representatives</b> on May 22, 2008 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://clerk.house.gov/Votes/2008353">306–110</a>)</li><li><b>Passed the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">Senate</a></b> on June 5, 2008 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_lists/roll_call_vote_cfm.cfm?congress=110&session=2&vote=00144">77–15</a>)</li><li><b>Vetoed</b> by President <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> on June 18, 2008</li><li><b>Overridden by the House of Representatives</b> on June 18, 2008 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://clerk.house.gov/Votes/2008417">317-109</a>)</li><li><b>Overridden by the Senate and became law</b> on June 18, 2008 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_lists/roll_call_vote_cfm.cfm?congress=110&session=2&vote=00151">80–14</a>)</li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title" style="padding-bottom:0.25em">Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Great_Seal_of_the_United_States_(obverse).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Great Seal of the United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Great_Seal_of_the_United_States_%28obverse%29.svg/140px-Great_Seal_of_the_United_States_%28obverse%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Great_Seal_of_the_United_States_%28obverse%29.svg/210px-Great_Seal_of_the_United_States_%28obverse%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Great_Seal_of_the_United_States_%28obverse%29.svg/280px-Great_Seal_of_the_United_States_%28obverse%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.245em;line-height:1.15em;padding-right:0.65em">Long title</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:left;line-height:1.3em">An act to provide for the continuation of agricultural programs through fiscal year 2012, and for other purposes.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.245em;line-height:1.15em;padding-right:0.65em">Nicknames</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:left;line-height:1.3em"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>2008 U.S. Farm Bill</li><li>Agricultural Security Improvement Act of 2008</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.245em;line-height:1.15em;padding-right:0.65em">Enacted by</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:left;line-height:1.3em">the <a href="/wiki/110th_United_States_Congress" title="110th United States Congress">110th United States Congress</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.245em;line-height:1.15em;padding-right:0.65em">Effective</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:left;line-height:1.3em">May 22, 2008</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#bbddff">Citations</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.245em;line-height:1.15em;padding-right:0.65em">Public law</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:left;line-height:1.3em"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/PLAW-110publ234/pdf/PLAW-110publ234.pdf">110–234</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.245em;line-height:1.15em;padding-right:0.65em"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Statutes_at_Large" title="United States Statutes at Large"><span class="wrap">Statutes at Large</span></a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:left;line-height:1.3em">122 <a href="/wiki/United_States_Statutes_at_Large" title="United States Statutes at Large">Stat.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://legislink.org/us/stat-122-923">923</a> <i>through</i> 122 Stat. 1551 (628 pages)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#bbddff">Codification</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-top:0.245em;line-height:1.15em;padding-right:0.65em">Acts repealed</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:left;line-height:1.3em">May 22, 2008</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#bbddff"><span class="nourlexpansion"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/bdquery/z?d110:HR2419:@@@S">Legislative history</a></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align:left;line-height:1.3em"><div><ul style="line-height:1.3em;text-align:left"><li><b>Introduced</b> in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">House of Representatives</a> as <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.congress.gov/bill/110th-congress/house-bill/2419">H.R. 2419</a> by <a href="/wiki/Collin_Peterson" title="Collin Peterson">Collin Peterson</a> (<a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">D</a>–<a href="/wiki/Minnesota" title="Minnesota">MN</a>) on May 22, 2007</li><li><b>Committee consideration</b> by <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Agriculture" title="United States House Committee on Agriculture">Agriculture</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Foreign_Affairs" title="United States House Committee on Foreign Affairs">Foreign Affairs</a></li><li><b>Passed the House of Representatives</b> on July 27, 2007 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://clerk.house.gov/evs/2007/roll756.xml">231–191</a>)</li><li><b>Passed the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">Senate</a></b> as the Food and Energy Security Act on December 14, 2007 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_lists/roll_call_vote_cfm.cfm?congress=110&session=1&vote=00434">79–14</a>)</li><li><b>Reported by the joint conference committee</b> on May 13, 2008; <b>agreed to by the House of Representatives</b> on May 14, 2008 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://clerk.house.gov/evs/2008/roll315.xml">318–106</a>) and by the <b>Senate</b> on May 15, 2008 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_lists/roll_call_vote_cfm.cfm?congress=110&session=2&vote=00130">81–15</a>)</li><li><b>Vetoed</b> by President <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> on May 21, 2008</li><li><b>Overridden by the House of Representatives</b> on May 21, 2008 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://clerk.house.gov/evs/2008/roll346.xml">316–108</a>)</li><li><b>Overridden by the Senate and became law</b> on May 22, 2008 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_lists/roll_call_vote_cfm.cfm?congress=110&session=2&vote=00140">82–13</a>)</li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008</b> (<a href="/wiki/Act_of_Congress#Public_law,_private_law,_designation" title="Act of Congress"><abbr title="Public Law">Pub. L.</abbr></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.govinfo.gov/link/plaw/110/public/246?link-type=html">110–246 (text)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.govinfo.gov/link/plaw/110/public/246?link-type=pdf&.pdf">(PDF)</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.congress.gov/bill/110th-congress/house-bill/6124">H.R. 6124</a>, 122 <a href="/wiki/United_States_Statutes_at_Large" title="United States Statutes at Large">Stat.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://legislink.org/us/stat-122-1651">1651</a>, enacted <span data-sort-value="000000002008-06-18-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">June 18, 2008</span>, also known as the <b>2008 U.S. Farm Bill</b>) was a $288 billion, five-year <a href="/wiki/Agricultural_policy" title="Agricultural policy">agricultural policy</a> bill that was passed into law by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">United States Congress</a> on June 18, 2008. The bill was a continuation of the <a href="/wiki/2002_Farm_Bill" class="mw-redirect" title="2002 Farm Bill">2002 Farm Bill</a>. It continues the United States' long history of <a href="/wiki/Agricultural_subsidy#United_States" title="Agricultural subsidy">agricultural</a> <a href="/wiki/Subsidies" class="mw-redirect" title="Subsidies">subsidies</a> as well as pursuing areas such as energy, conservation, nutrition, and rural development.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some specific initiatives in the bill include increases in <a href="/wiki/Food_Stamp" class="mw-redirect" title="Food Stamp">Food Stamp</a> benefits, increased support for the production of <a href="/wiki/Cellulosic_ethanol" title="Cellulosic ethanol">cellulosic ethanol</a>, and money for the research of pests, diseases and other agricultural problems. </p><p>On January 1, 2013, Congress passed the <a href="/wiki/American_Taxpayer_Relief_Act_of_2012" title="American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012">American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012</a> to avert the fiscal cliff and the next day President <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> signed the Act into law.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (Public Law No: 112-240) The "fiscal cliff" deal was primarily enacted to avoid automatic tax hikes and spending cuts, but also included provisions extending portions of the 2008 Farm Bill for nine months through September 30, 2013. Senate Majority Leader <a href="/wiki/Harry_Reid" title="Harry Reid">Harry Reid</a> demonstrated a commitment to working on a new five-year Farm Bill by reintroducing last session's Senate Farm Bill in the <a href="/wiki/113th_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="113th Congress">113th Congress</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legislative_history">Legislative history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Food,_Conservation,_and_Energy_Act_of_2008&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Legislative history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>One version of this legislation, the Farm, Nutrition, and Bioenergy Act of 2007 was passed by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">United States House of Representatives</a> on July 27, 2007. Despite opposition from some senators, including a failed amendment proposal by Senator <a href="/wiki/Richard_Lugar" title="Richard Lugar">Richard Lugar</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Veto#United_States" title="Veto">veto</a> threat by <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">President Bush</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">Senate</a> version of the bill, called the Food and Energy Security Act, was passed by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Agriculture,_Nutrition_and_Forestry" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senate Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition and Forestry">Senate Agriculture Committee</a> on October 25, 2007, and later by the full Senate on December 14.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In late April 2008, congressional negotiators finally reached a deal to reconcile the House and Senate bills. The <a href="/wiki/Contract" title="Contract">deal</a> increased spending on food stamps and other food programs while mostly maintaining the current farm subsidies, despite <a href="/wiki/2007%E2%80%932008_world_food_price_crisis" title="2007–2008 world food price crisis">record farm profits</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On May 15, the House and Senate passed the bill, but President Bush issued a veto on May 21. The House voted to <a href="/wiki/Veto_override" class="mw-redirect" title="Veto override">overturn the president's veto</a> shortly thereafter, and with the margins by which the bill was passed, a Senate <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/override" class="extiw" title="wikt:override">override</a> also occurred; so the Congress overrode the president's veto, passing the bill into law (<a href="/wiki/Act_of_Congress#Public_law,_private_law,_designation" title="Act of Congress"><abbr title="Public Law">Pub. L.</abbr></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.govinfo.gov/link/plaw/110/public/234?link-type=html">110–234 (text)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.govinfo.gov/link/plaw/110/public/234?link-type=pdf&.pdf">(PDF)</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.congress.gov/bill/110th-congress/house-bill/2419">H.R. 2419</a>, 122 <a href="/wiki/United_States_Statutes_at_Large" title="United States Statutes at Large">Stat.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://legislink.org/us/stat-122-923">923</a>, enacted <span data-sort-value="000000002008-05-22-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">May 22, 2008</span>).<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the veto override was moot, as a 34-page section of the bill was omitted in the version sent to the White House. In effect, the President vetoed a bill Congress never considered. The bill had to be re-passed by Congress.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The House passed the Farm Bill again on May 22, and the Senate shortly thereafter. President Bush again vetoed the measure, but this veto was overridden in both Houses on June 18, so the Farm Bill in its entirety became law.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A similar situation occurred in 2005 with the <a href="/wiki/Deficit_Reduction_Act_of_2005" title="Deficit Reduction Act of 2005">Deficit Reduction Act</a>, where in the enrolling process certain mistakes were made changing the text of the bill. In that case, the bill was considered to be law even with the mistakes since the Speaker of the House and the President Pro Tem of the Senate attested that the language sent to the President was indeed the text that was passed by Congress.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>. </p><p>The bill originally caused controversy because the "<a href="/wiki/PAYGO" title="PAYGO">pay-as-you-go</a>" (Clause 10 of Rule XXI of the Rules of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">United States House of Representatives</a>) rule was <a href="/wiki/Waive" class="mw-redirect" title="Waive">waived</a>. That rule prohibits the consideration of bills that increase the deficit in either a six-year period or an eleven-year period. The bill itself did not cause such an increase if using a "<a href="/wiki/Baseline_(budgeting)" title="Baseline (budgeting)">baseline</a>", which is an estimate of future revenue and spending levels of the U.S. government, that was issued in 2007. A more recent baseline, issued in 2008, showed a large increase in the deficit over the applicable time periods. While other points of order are waived under certain circumstances, the paygo point of order is rarely ignored.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Provisions">Provisions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Food,_Conservation,_and_Energy_Act_of_2008&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Provisions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2008_Farm_Bill_logo_(USA).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/2008_Farm_Bill_logo_%28USA%29.jpg/220px-2008_Farm_Bill_logo_%28USA%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/14/2008_Farm_Bill_logo_%28USA%29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="280" data-file-height="224" /></a><figcaption>2008 U.S. Farm Bill logo.</figcaption></figure> <p>In regard to farm regulation, this Act focused on adjusting payment levels and eligibility requirements while bringing forth a new <a href="/wiki/Average_Crop_Revenue_Election" title="Average Crop Revenue Election">Average Crop Revenue Election</a> program. Along with this, a permanent disaster assistance program was introduced with adjustments to the <a href="/wiki/Crop_insurance" title="Crop insurance">crop insurance</a> program. Several new titles looked towards <a href="/wiki/Horticultural" class="mw-redirect" title="Horticultural">horticultural</a> crops, organic agriculture, livestock, and poultry. Also, funding is increased and more programs are instituted to support producers who are alternating to organic agriculture. Some new rules were implemented within the Act for governing hog and poultry production contracts and also safety regarding poultry plant foods.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As for conservation, working land conservation and improved environmental practices were implemented. An expansion of the <a href="/wiki/Conservation_Security_Program" title="Conservation Security Program">Conservation Security Program</a> gives rise to the new Conservation Stewardship Program which is a voluntary program that influences producers to address resource concerns. This involved improving, maintaining, and managing conservation practices that already exist and also taking part in extra activities.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The same changes apply to the energy title of the Act which also expanded the development of bio-based energy sources along with other renewable sources. Tax provisions on <a href="/wiki/Biofuels" class="mw-redirect" title="Biofuels">biofuels</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Ethanol" title="Ethanol">ethanol</a> were introduced as well.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Components">Components</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Food,_Conservation,_and_Energy_Act_of_2008&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Components"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Act accelerated the commercialization of advanced <a href="/wiki/Biofuel" title="Biofuel">biofuels</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Cellulosic_ethanol" title="Cellulosic ethanol">cellulosic ethanol</a>, encourage the production of <a href="/wiki/Biomass" title="Biomass">biomass crops</a>, and expand the current Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Program. </p><p>On April 29, 2008, the Farm Bill contained three major components: </p> <ul><li>The Average Crop Revenue Election (ACRE) program that will allow farmers to choose revenue-based, market oriented protection instead of subsidy payments based on politically set target prices;</li> <li>$4 billion over baseline funding for conservation and working lands programs;</li> <li>Funding for local food programs such as the <a href="/wiki/Farmers_Market_Promotion_Program" title="Farmers Market Promotion Program">Farmers Market Promotion Program</a>, Community Food Project grants and the Healthy Food Enterprise Development Center—programs.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>This bill included a single line provision (Sec. 14219. Elimination of statute of limitations applicable to collection of debt by administrative offset.) which has already been implemented to collect the tax debt of grandparents.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Main_sections">Main sections</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Food,_Conservation,_and_Energy_Act_of_2008&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Main sections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Section 9003 of the Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 provided for <a href="/wiki/Grant_(money)" title="Grant (money)">grants</a> covering up to 30% of the cost of developing and building demonstration-scale <a href="/wiki/Biorefinery" title="Biorefinery">biorefineries</a> for producing "<a href="/wiki/Advanced_biofuel" class="mw-redirect" title="Advanced biofuel">advanced biofuels</a>", which essentially includes all fuels that are not produced from corn kernel starch. It also allows for <a href="/wiki/Loan_guarantee" title="Loan guarantee">loan guarantees</a> of up to $250 million for building commercial-scale biorefineries to produce advanced biofuels. The bill funds the biorefinery program by drawing $75 million in funds from the <a href="/wiki/Commodity_Credit_Corporation" title="Commodity Credit Corporation">Commodity Credit Corporation</a> (CCC) for <a href="/wiki/Fiscal_year" title="Fiscal year">fiscal year</a> (FY) 2009, increasing to $245 million by FY 2010. It also authorizes $150 million per year in <a href="/wiki/Discretionary_fund" class="mw-redirect" title="Discretionary fund">discretionary funds</a> for the program. </p><p>Section 15321 of the bill established a new <a href="/wiki/Tax_credit" title="Tax credit">tax credit</a> for producers of <a href="/wiki/Cellulosic_biofuel" class="mw-redirect" title="Cellulosic biofuel">cellulosic biofuels</a>, that is, biofuels produced from wood, grasses, or the non-edible parts of plants. The new cellulosic biofuel producer credit is set at $1.01 per gallon and applies only to fuel produced and used as fuel in the United States. In addition, Section 9005 of the bill provided $55 million in CCC funds in FY 2009 to support advanced biofuel production, increasing to $105 million by FY 2012. It also authorizes up to $25 million per year in discretionary funding. </p><p>The more crop-oriented measures include Section 9010 of the bill, which allowed the CCC to buy sugar from U.S. producers and sell it to bioenergy producers, and Section 9011, which creates the Biomass Crop Assistance Program to support the establishment and production of biomass crops. </p><p>Section 9007 of the bill renames the U.S. Department of Agriculture's current Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Program as the "Rural Energy for America Program", providing $55 million in CCC funds for FY 2009, increasing to $70 million for FY 2011 and 2012, while authorizing another $25 million in discretionary funds. The program will provide grants of up to 25% of the cost of renewable energy systems and <a href="/wiki/Efficient_energy_use" title="Efficient energy use">energy efficiency</a> improvements for agricultural producers and rural small businesses, as well as guarantees for loans as large as $25 million. </p><p>Section 9009 of the bill creates a new "Rural Energy Self-Sufficiency Initiative", which will support efforts to develop community-wide renewable energy systems. The bill provides no firm funding for the initiative but authorizes up to $5 million per year in discretionary funds. </p><p>Section 9013 also authorizes up to $5 million per year to support community-wide wood-fueled energy systems. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Energy_efficiency,_renewable_energy_and_progress"><span id="Energy_efficiency.2C_renewable_energy_and_progress"></span>Energy efficiency, renewable energy and progress</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Food,_Conservation,_and_Energy_Act_of_2008&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Energy efficiency, renewable energy and progress"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Efficient_energy_use" title="Efficient energy use">Efficient energy use</a>, <a href="/wiki/Global_warming" class="mw-redirect" title="Global warming">Global warming</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy" title="Renewable energy">Renewable energy</a></div> <p>The USDA announced on 2008-08-27 that 639 farms and rural businesses in 43 states and the <a href="/wiki/Virgin_Islands" title="Virgin Islands">Virgin Islands</a> had been selected to receive $35 million in grants and <a href="/wiki/Loan_guarantee" title="Loan guarantee">loan guarantees</a> for renewable energy systems and energy efficiency improvements. While many of the awards typically go towards more energy-efficient grain dryers, the USDA notes that a farm in <a href="/wiki/Iowa" title="Iowa">Iowa</a> will use its grant to replace a <a href="/wiki/Propane" title="Propane">propane</a> heating system with a <a href="/wiki/Geothermal_heating" title="Geothermal heating">geothermal heating</a> system, while a firm in <a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a> will purchase energy-efficient electric motors for an irrigation well.<sup id="cite_ref-apps1.eere.energy.gov_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-apps1.eere.energy.gov-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On January 16, 2009, the USDA also announced the first loan guarantee for a commercial-scale <a href="/wiki/Cellulosic_ethanol" title="Cellulosic ethanol">cellulosic ethanol</a> plant.<sup id="cite_ref-usda.gov_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-usda.gov-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Section 9003 allowed the USDA Rural Development office to approve this $80 million loan to Range Fuels Inc.<sup id="cite_ref-usda.gov_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-usda.gov-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Range Fuels produces low carbon bio fuels from any and all biomass.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The $80 million loan is dedicated to building a facility that will produce cellulosic ethanol from wood chips. In 2010 the plant is expected to achieve an output level of 20 million gallons of ethanol per year. Other benefits of the plant include an estimated 63 jobs that will be created to build and operate the facility.<sup id="cite_ref-usda.gov_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-usda.gov-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The grants and loans were awarded through the Renewable Energy Systems and Energy Efficiency Improvements Program of the <a href="/wiki/USDA_Rural_Development" title="USDA Rural Development">USDA Rural Development</a> office. The program was created by Section 9006 of the 2002 <a href="/wiki/Farm_Bill" class="mw-redirect" title="Farm Bill">Farm Bill</a> and expanded under the 2008 Farm Bill.<sup id="cite_ref-apps1.eere.energy.gov_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-apps1.eere.energy.gov-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A few renewable energy source programs under the act included: </p> <ul><li>Bio-refinery Assistance Program: This program aided those who sought help in development and construction of their <a href="/wiki/Biorefinery" title="Biorefinery">biorefinery</a>.</li> <li>Repowering Assistance: USDA provided $35 million in funds to assist biorefineries in transferring to alternate energy sources for heating and powering their facilities.</li> <li>Bioenergy Program for Advanced Biofuels: This program gave payments to agricultural producers for the use of advanced <a href="/wiki/Biofuel" title="Biofuel">biofuels</a> which included fuels obtained from renewable biomass. Around $300 million in funds were released to the program.</li> <li>Biodiesel Education Program: $1 million annually was distributed to this program to make fleet owners aware of the benefits of <a href="/wiki/Biodiesel" title="Biodiesel">biodiesel</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biomass" title="Biomass">Biomass</a> Research and Development: $118 million was allocated to this area and mainly worked towards the benefit of universities, laboratories, and research agencies.</li> <li>Rural Energy Self-Sufficiency Initiative: The goal of this program was to inform a community of its energy use by providing assessments of the location and an analysis of where savings were possible. $5 million annually was available for this program.</li> <li>Biomass Crop Assistance Program: The government issued funds for up to 75% of the cost of research to produce crops for the conversion of <a href="/wiki/Bioenergy" title="Bioenergy">bioenergy</a>.</li> <li>Forest Biomass for Energy Program: This program focused on getting people to use forest biomass for energy and appropriated $15 million annually to the cause.</li></ul> <p><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Food_assistance">Food assistance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Food,_Conservation,_and_Energy_Act_of_2008&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Food assistance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Food and Nutrition Programs comprise approximately 80% of the total 2008 Food, Conservation & Energy Act bill budget.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Improvements to domestic food nutrition and assistance for low-income families is greatly supported by the bill. This area provides for the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), Emergency Food Assistance Program, as well as the free fresh fruit and vegetable snack program which is meant to help schools with students in need. Also, the act provides help for organizations such as <a href="/wiki/Food_bank" title="Food bank">food banks</a> and soup kitchens. Promoting savings is another provision of the act by improving resources limits and no longer counting tax-preferred retirement accounts and education accounts toward the limit of resources. The purchasing power of SNAP is also going to stop losing value each year under the act and the rules of SNAP will fully account for annual <a href="/wiki/Inflation" title="Inflation">inflation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The bill also increased funding, with the program being available in 35 elementary schools in each state. It allows more schools to be added in proportion to the student population of each state and schools are selected based on free and reduced lunch percentage. The program no longer permits nuts but rather looks to fresh fruits and vegetables instead.<sup id="cite_ref-schoolnutrition1_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-schoolnutrition1-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With the extra nutrition title funding, it appropriates $4 million to establish a pilot program in many different schools in several states. This will provide whole grain products to participating school <a href="/wiki/Nutrition" title="Nutrition">nutrition</a> programs. $50 million a year is distributed to provide schools with fresh fruits and vegetables with the help of the Farm Bill while $3 million is used to conduct surveys about the school nutrition to examine what exactly the students eat.<sup id="cite_ref-schoolnutrition1_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-schoolnutrition1-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Opposition">Opposition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Food,_Conservation,_and_Energy_Act_of_2008&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Opposition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Reports from the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> and the <a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Organization" title="World Trade Organization">World Trade Organization</a> (WTO) in 2007 criticized the United States and other developed nations for their continued farm trade subsidies.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Such subsidies, according to the reports, prevent fair competition from developing nations.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Because of its continued refusal to conform to WTO guidelines, the United States was the target of up to $4 billion of potential trade sanctions by <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>President <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a> also expressed opposition to the bill, and vetoed it because of its high cost and negative impact on poorer farmers; his veto threat enabled numerous Republican congressmen to attach <a href="/wiki/Pork_barrel_spending" class="mw-redirect" title="Pork barrel spending">pork</a> to it, making the bill more expensive than it would have been otherwise, since Democratic leaders needed Republican votes to override the veto.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bush claimed that it was too generous for already wealthy farmers who did not truly need the extra financial assistance.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Others argued that the bill should include more subsidies for renewable energy. In negotiations between Congressional legislators and the White House, Bush indicated that the cap on payments to anyone making over $750,000 per year was still too high, and that if the cap were lowered to anyone making over $200,000, he would support the bill.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Food experts, international aid groups, and the <a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a> suggested that the bill did not focus enough on the globally growing food crisis around the world. Some of the money could have been used to feed poor children who were suffering in other countries but instead farmers in the United States, whom the bill was supposedly designed to assist, were largely flourishing. Only about one percent of the bill's total cost was sent abroad to provide a relatively small amount of food relief to those in need. International aid groups criticized farm bills in the United States for ignoring poor farmers in developing countries by causing them to compete with wealthy, taxpaying American farmers. Billions of dollars in <a href="/wiki/Subsidy" title="Subsidy">subsidies</a> were distributed to these farmers no matter how much they grow, the groups said, and <a href="/wiki/Legislator" title="Legislator">lawmakers</a> failed to help the people in need.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Payment_limits">Payment limits</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Food,_Conservation,_and_Energy_Act_of_2008&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Payment limits"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A major factor and controversial issue involved in the act included the amount of payments the farmers were receiving. Many people who qualified to receive funding were taking advantage of this opportunity by taking steps to substantially increase the funds they were gaining. This included getting access to more land thus leading to more government funds or even using a <a href="/wiki/Spouse" title="Spouse">spouse</a> to potentially be eligible for more payments. Spouses were automatically credited for being married to an actively engaged farmer which allowed for more benefits. So in order to prevent this, certain laws were enacted within the act that reduced this problem so that large operations would be less likely to try and game the system and collect high amounts of direct payments.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One of the limits that was imposed under the Farm Bill's laws was that farms are not eligible if non-farm income exceeds $500,000 or if <a href="/wiki/Gross_farm_income" title="Gross farm income">gross farm income</a> is over $750,000 over a three-year period. <a href="/wiki/Direct_and_Counter-Cyclical_Program" title="Direct and Counter-Cyclical Program">Direct and Counter-Cyclical Program</a> limits are the same as what they were in the 2002 Farm Bill. Payments are limited to $40,000 for Direct Payments and for Counter-Cyclical Payments to $65,000 per entity. Also, a limit of $65,000 per individual is placed under ACRE payments. The only real requirement for being able to receive these program payments is to be actively engaged in farming, contributing capital, land, or machinery, and providing labor/management.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Research">Research</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Food,_Conservation,_and_Energy_Act_of_2008&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Research"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The bill created the <a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Food_and_Agriculture" title="National Institute of Food and Agriculture">National Institute of Food and Agriculture</a> (NIFA) which consolidated federal sector agricultural research. In addition the bill mandated: </p> <ul><li>$78 million total for <a href="/wiki/Organic_agriculture" class="mw-redirect" title="Organic agriculture">organic agriculture</a> research, fiscal year (FY) 09-12 [+ $25 million/year authorized, subject to appropriations]</li> <li>$230 million total for specialty crops research, FY09-12 [+ $100 million/year authorized]</li> <li>$118 million total for biomass research and development, FY08-12 [+ $35 million/year authorized]</li> <li>IFAFS were still authorized, but the $200 million in mandatory funding per year was removed.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>All mandatory funds were to be distributed by the new NIFA through competitive grants.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Food,_Conservation,_and_Energy_Act_of_2008&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hoosieragtoday.com/wire/news/00199_Ag-Committee-Reports-2007-Farm-Bill-for-Senate-Consideration_192407.php">"Ag Committee Reports 2007 Farm Bill for Senate Consideration"</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged December 2019">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup>, Hoosieragtoday.com</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.investopedia.com/terms/a/american-taxpayer-relief-act-2012.asp">"American Taxpayer Relief Act Of 2012"</a>. <i>Investopedia</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=USDA.gov&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.csrees.usda.gov%2Fabout%2Foffices%2Fcompprogs_ifafs.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFood%2C+Conservation%2C+and+Energy+Act+of+2008" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Food,_Conservation,_and_Energy_Act_of_2008&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/COMPS-10237/uslm/COMPS-10237.xml">Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008</a> as amended (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/COMPS-10237/pdf/COMPS-10237.pdf">PDF</a>/<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/COMPS-10237/">details</a>) in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Government_Publishing_Office" title="United States Government Publishing Office">GPO</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.govinfo.gov/help/comps">Statute Compilations collection</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.govinfo.gov/link/plaw/110/public/246?link-type=pdf&.pdf">Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008</a> as enacted (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.govinfo.gov/link/plaw/110/public/246?link-type=details">details</a>) in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Statutes_at_Large" title="United States Statutes at Large">US Statutes at Large</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.govinfo.gov/link/plaw/110/public/234?link-type=pdf&.pdf">Pub.L. 110–234</a> as published (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.govinfo.gov/link/plaw/110/public/234?link-type=details">details</a>) in the US Statutes at Large</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.congress.gov/bill/110th-congress/house-bill/2419">H.R. 2419</a> on <a href="/wiki/Congress.gov" title="Congress.gov">Congress.gov</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.congress.gov/bill/110th-congress/house-bill/6124">H.R. 6124</a> on Congress.gov</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.congress.gov/bill/110th-congress/senate-bill/2302">S. 2302</a> on Congress.gov</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thenation.com/doc/20071231/pentland_gumpert">"USDA Bets the Farm on Animal ID Program"</a>, from <i>The Nation</i>, thenation.com</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://discoursedb.org/wiki/2007_U.S._Farm_Bill">2007 U.S. Farm Bill</a> at Discourse DB, discoursedb.org</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cfra.org/policy/2007">2007 Farm Bill Options</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080513204910/http://www.cfra.org/policy/2007">Archived</a> 2008-05-13 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, from <i>Center for Rural Affairs</i>, cfra.org</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fb.org/index.php?fuseaction=newsroom.farmbill2007">2007 Farm Bill Options</a> from <i>Farm Bureau</i>, fb.org</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080911151014/http://www.farmland.org/programs/campaign/documents/AFT_2008FarmBillOverview_May2008.pdf"><i>American Farmland Trust</i></a>, Farm Bill Overview</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080528195516/http://agriculture.house.gov/inside/Legislation/110/FB/Conf/Title_VII_fs.pdf">Link to house page for more information on research in 2007 Farm Bill</a>, agriculture.house.gov</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R42442.pdf">Expiration and Extension of the 2008 Farm Bill</a> <a href="/wiki/Congressional_Research_Service" title="Congressional Research Service">Congressional Research Service</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dol.gov/ilab/issues/child-labor/fcea.htm">Consultative Group to Eliminate the Use of Child Labor and Forced Labor in Imported Agricultural Products</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="George_W._Bush" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar 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href="/wiki/Template:George_W._Bush" title="Template:George W. Bush"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:George_W._Bush" title="Template talk:George W. Bush"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:George_W._Bush" title="Special:EditPage/Template:George W. Bush"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="George_W._Bush" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">George W. Bush</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of presidents of the United States">43rd</a> <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a> (2001–2009)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Texas" title="List of governors of Texas">46th</a> <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Texas" title="Governor of Texas">Governor of Texas</a> (1995–2000)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_George_W._Bush" title="Presidency of George W. Bush">Presidency</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_George_W._Bush" title="Presidential transition of George W. Bush">Transition</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_George_W._Bush" title="First inauguration of George W. Bush">1st inauguration</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Second_inauguration_of_George_W._Bush" title="Second inauguration of George W. Bush">2nd inauguration</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_George_W._Bush_presidency" title="Timeline of the George W. Bush presidency">Timeline</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_George_W._Bush_presidency_(2001)" title="Timeline of the George W. Bush presidency (2001)">2001</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_George_W._Bush_presidency_(2002)" title="Timeline of the George W. Bush presidency (2002)">2002</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_George_W._Bush_presidency_(2003)" title="Timeline of the George W. Bush presidency (2003)">2003</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_George_W._Bush_presidency_(2004)" title="Timeline of the George W. Bush presidency (2004)">2004</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_George_W._Bush_presidency_(2005)" title="Timeline of the George W. Bush presidency (2005)">2005</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_George_W._Bush_presidency_(2006)" title="Timeline of the George W. Bush presidency (2006)">2006</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_George_W._Bush_presidency_(2007)" title="Timeline of the George W. Bush presidency (2007)">2007</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_George_W._Bush_presidency_(2008%E2%80%932009)" title="Timeline of the George W. Bush presidency (2008–2009)">2008</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_George_W._Bush_presidency_(2008%E2%80%932009)#January_2009" title="Timeline of the George W. Bush presidency (2008–2009)">January 2009</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Domestic_policy_of_the_George_W._Bush_administration" title="Domestic policy of the George W. Bush administration">Domestic policy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_George_W._Bush_legislation_and_programs" title="List of George W. Bush legislation and programs">Legislation and programs</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Economic_policy_of_the_George_W._Bush_administration" title="Economic policy of the George W. Bush administration">Economic policy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_George_W._Bush_administration" title="Foreign policy of the George W. Bush administration">Foreign policy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_presidential_trips_made_by_George_W._Bush" title="List of international presidential trips made by George W. Bush">International trips</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bush_Doctrine" title="Bush Doctrine">Bush Doctrine</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Russia%E2%80%93United_States_summits" title="List of Russia–United States summits">Russia summits</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Slovenia_Summit_2001" title="Slovenia Summit 2001">Slovenia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Slovakia_Summit_2005" title="Slovakia Summit 2005">Slovakia</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)">War in Afghanistan</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/U.S.%E2%80%93Iraq_Status_of_Forces_Agreement" title="U.S.–Iraq Status of Forces Agreement">Status of Forces Agreement</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Patriot_Act" title="Patriot Act">Patriot Act</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/No_Child_Left_Behind_Act" title="No Child Left Behind Act">No Child Left Behind Act</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Medicare_Prescription_Drug,_Improvement,_and_Modernization_Act" title="Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act">Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/USA_Freedom_Corps" title="USA Freedom Corps">USA Freedom Corps</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security" title="United States Department of Homeland Security">Department of Homeland Security</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Space_policy_of_the_George_W._Bush_administration" title="Space policy of the George W. Bush administration">Space policy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Strategic_Offensive_Reductions_Treaty" title="Strategic Offensive Reductions Treaty">Strategic Offensive Reductions Treaty</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/War_on_terror" title="War on terror">"War on Terror"</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/President%27s_Council_on_Service_and_Civic_Participation" title="President's Council on Service and Civic Participation">President's Council on Service and Civic Participation</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/President%27s_Volunteer_Service_Award" title="President's Volunteer Service Award">award</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dismissal_of_U.S._attorneys_controversy" title="Dismissal of U.S. attorneys controversy">Dismissal of U.S. attorneys controversy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bush_White_House_email_controversy" title="Bush White House email controversy">Email controversy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_George_W._Bush" title="List of federal judges appointed by George W. Bush">Judicial appointments</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush_Supreme_Court_candidates" title="George W. Bush Supreme Court candidates">Supreme Court candidates</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Roberts_Supreme_Court_nomination" class="mw-redirect" title="John Roberts Supreme Court nomination">John Roberts</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Harriet_Miers_Supreme_Court_nomination" title="Harriet Miers Supreme Court nomination">Harriet Miers</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Alito_Supreme_Court_nomination" title="Samuel Alito Supreme Court nomination">Samuel Alito</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush_judicial_appointment_controversies" title="George W. Bush judicial appointment controversies">controversies</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush_Cabinet" class="mw-redirect" title="George W. Bush Cabinet">Cabinet</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_pardoned_by_George_W._Bush" title="List of people pardoned by George W. Bush">Pardons</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Efforts_to_impeach_George_W._Bush" title="Efforts to impeach George W. Bush">Impeachment efforts</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:George_W._Bush/Executive_orders" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Author:George W. Bush/Executive orders">Executive orders</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:George_W._Bush/Presidential_Proclamations" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Author:George W. Bush/Presidential Proclamations">Presidential proclamations</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_Barack_Obama" title="Presidential transition of Barack Obama">Obama transition</a></span></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/George-W-Bush.jpeg/100px-George-W-Bush.jpeg" decoding="async" width="100" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/George-W-Bush.jpeg/150px-George-W-Bush.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/George-W-Bush.jpeg/200px-George-W-Bush.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="2267" data-file-height="3000" /></span></span><br /><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg/100px-Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg/150px-Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg/200px-Seal_of_the_President_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2424" data-file-height="2425" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Life and<br />legacy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush_Childhood_Home" title="George W. Bush Childhood Home">Childhood home</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Early_life_of_George_W._Bush" title="Early life of George W. Bush">Early life and career</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush_Presidential_Center" title="George W. Bush Presidential Center">Presidential library</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Presidential_portraits_of_George_W._and_Laura_Bush" title="Presidential portraits of George W. and Laura Bush">Presidential portrait</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush_military_service_controversy" title="George W. Bush military service controversy">Military service controversy</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Killian_documents_controversy" title="Killian documents controversy">Killian documents controversy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Killian_documents_authenticity_issues" title="Killian documents authenticity issues">authenticity issues</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Professional_life_of_George_W._Bush" title="Professional life of George W. Bush">Professional life</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Governorship_of_George_W._Bush" title="Governorship of George W. Bush">Governorship of Texas</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Prairie_Chapel_Ranch" title="Prairie Chapel Ranch">Prairie Chapel Ranch</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Walker%27s_Point_Estate" title="Walker's Point Estate">Walker's Point Estate</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Clinton_Bush_Haiti_Fund" title="Clinton Bush Haiti Fund">Clinton Bush Haiti Fund</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Speeches</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Axis_of_evil" title="Axis of evil">Axis of evil</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mission_Accomplished_speech" title="Mission Accomplished speech">Mission Accomplished</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/February_2001_George_W._Bush_speech_to_a_joint_session_of_Congress" title="February 2001 George W. Bush speech to a joint session of Congress">Joint session of Congress</a> (2001)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/September_2001_George_W._Bush_speech_to_a_joint_session_of_Congress" title="September 2001 George W. Bush speech to a joint session of Congress">Joint session of Congress (September 11 attacks)</a> (2001)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/State_of_the_Union" title="State of the Union">State of the Union addresses</a> </span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2002_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2002 State of the Union Address">2002</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2003_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2003 State of the Union Address">2003</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2004_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2004 State of the Union Address">2004</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2005_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2005 State of the Union Address">2005</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2006_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2006 State of the Union Address">2006</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2007_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2007 State of the Union Address">2007</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2008_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2008 State of the Union Address">2008</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Electoral_history_of_George_W._Bush" title="Electoral history of George W. Bush">Elections</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">U.S. House</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1978_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="1978 United States House of Representatives elections">1978</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Gubernatorial</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1994_Texas_gubernatorial_election" title="1994 Texas gubernatorial election">1994</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1998_Texas_gubernatorial_election" title="1998 Texas gubernatorial election">1998</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Presidential</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush_2000_presidential_campaign" title="George W. Bush 2000 presidential campaign">2000 campaign</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2000_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2000 Republican Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2000_Republican_Party_vice_presidential_candidate_selection" title="2000 Republican Party vice presidential candidate selection">running mate selection</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2000_Republican_National_Convention" title="2000 Republican National Convention">convention</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_debates" title="2000 United States presidential debates">debates</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_presidential_election" title="2000 United States presidential election">election</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Bush_v._Gore" title="Bush v. Gore">Bush v. Gore</a></i></span></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush_2004_presidential_campaign" title="George W. Bush 2004 presidential campaign">2004 campaign</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2004_Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2004 Republican Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2004_Republican_National_Convention" title="2004 Republican National Convention">convention</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2004_United_States_presidential_debates" title="2004 United States presidential debates">debates</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2004_United_States_presidential_election" title="2004 United States presidential election">election</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Public_image_of_George_W._Bush" title="Public image of George W. Bush">Public image</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bushism" title="Bushism">Bushisms</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_nicknames_used_by_George_W._Bush" title="List of nicknames used by George W. Bush">Nicknames</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_books_and_films_about_George_W._Bush" class="mw-redirect" title="List of books and films about George W. Bush">As the subject of books and films</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fictionalized_portrayals_of_George_W._Bush" title="Fictionalized portrayals of George W. Bush">Fictionalized portrayals</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Miss_Me_Yet%3F" title="Miss Me Yet?">Miss Me Yet?</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">"<a href="/wiki/Yo,_Blair" title="Yo, Blair">Yo, Blair</a>"</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_George_W._Bush" title="Bibliography of George W. Bush">Books</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/A_Charge_to_Keep" title="A Charge to Keep">A Charge to Keep</a></i> (1999)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Decision_Points" title="Decision Points">Decision Points</a></i> (2010)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/41:_A_Portrait_of_My_Father" title="41: A Portrait of My Father">41: A Portrait of My Father</a></i> (2014)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Portraits_of_Courage" title="Portraits of Courage">Portraits of Courage</a></i> (2017)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Out_of_Many,_One:_Portraits_of_America%27s_Immigrants" title="Out of Many, One: Portraits of America's Immigrants">Out of Many, One</a></i> (2021)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Popular<br />culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fahrenheit_9/11" title="Fahrenheit 9/11"><i>Fahrenheit 9/11</i> (2004 documentary)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/W._(film)" title="W. (film)"><i>W.</i> (2008 film)</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bush_family" title="Bush family">Family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Laura_Bush" title="Laura Bush">Laura Bush</a> (wife)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Bush_(born_1981)" title="Barbara Bush (born 1981)">Barbara Pierce Bush</a> (daughter)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jenna_Bush_Hager" title="Jenna Bush Hager">Jenna Bush Hager</a> (daughter)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a> (father)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Bush" title="Barbara Bush">Barbara Bush</a> (mother)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pauline_Robinson_Bush" title="Pauline Robinson Bush">Robin Bush</a> (sister)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jeb_Bush" title="Jeb Bush">Jeb Bush</a> (brother)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Neil_Bush" title="Neil Bush">Neil Bush</a> (brother)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Marvin_Bush" title="Marvin Bush">Marvin Bush</a> (brother)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Bush_Koch" title="Dorothy Bush Koch">Dorothy Bush Koch</a> (sister)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Barney_(dog)" title="Barney (dog)">Barney</a> (dog)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Miss_Beazley" title="Miss Beazley">Miss Beazley</a> (dog)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/India_(cat)" title="India (cat)">India</a> (cat)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Spot_Fetcher" title="Spot Fetcher">Spot Fetcher</a> (dog)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><b><a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">← Bill Clinton</a></b></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><b><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama →</a></b></span></li></ul> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:George_W._Bush" title="Category:George W. Bush">Category</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="United_States_federal_agriculture_legislation" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:US_farm_acts" title="Template:US farm acts"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:US_farm_acts" title="Template talk:US farm acts"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:US_farm_acts" title="Special:EditPage/Template:US farm acts"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_States_federal_agriculture_legislation" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Agricultural_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Agricultural policy of the United States">United States federal agriculture legislation</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_farm_bill" title="United States farm bill">Farm bills</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Farm_Loan_Act" title="Federal Farm Loan Act">Federal Farm Loan Act (1916)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agricultural_Adjustment_Act" title="Agricultural Adjustment Act">Agricultural Adjustment Act (1933)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agricultural_Adjustment_Act_Amendment_of_1935" title="Agricultural Adjustment Act Amendment of 1935">Agricultural Adjustment Act Amendment of 1935</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soil_Conservation_and_Domestic_Allotment_Act_of_1936" title="Soil Conservation and Domestic Allotment Act of 1936">Soil Conservation and Domestic Allotment Act of 1936</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agricultural_Adjustment_Act_of_1938" title="Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938">Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agricultural_Act_of_1948" title="Agricultural Act of 1948">Agricultural Act of 1948</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agricultural_Act_of_1949" title="Agricultural Act of 1949">Agricultural Act of 1949</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agricultural_Act_of_1954" title="Agricultural Act of 1954">Agricultural Act of 1954</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agricultural_Act_of_1956" title="Agricultural Act of 1956">Agricultural Act of 1956</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_Farm_and_Rural_Development_Act_of_1961" title="Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act of 1961">Agricultural Act of 1961</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_and_Agriculture_Act_of_1965" title="Food and Agriculture Act of 1965">Food and Agriculture Act of 1965</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agricultural_Act_of_1970" title="Agricultural Act of 1970">Agricultural Act of 1970</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_and_Consumer_Protection_Act_of_1973" title="Agriculture and Consumer Protection Act of 1973">Agriculture and Consumer Protection Act of 1973</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_and_Agriculture_Act_of_1977" title="Food and Agriculture Act of 1977">Food and Agriculture Act of 1977</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_and_Food_Act_of_1981" title="Agriculture and Food Act of 1981">Agriculture and Food Act of 1981</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_Security_Act_of_1985" title="Food Security Act of 1985">Food Security Act of 1985</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food,_Agriculture,_Conservation,_and_Trade_Act_of_1990" title="Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990">Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Agriculture_Improvement_and_Reform_Act_of_1996" title="Federal Agriculture Improvement and Reform Act of 1996">Federal Agriculture Improvement and Reform Act of 1996</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farm_Security_and_Rural_Investment_Act_of_2002" title="Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002">Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agricultural_Act_of_2014" title="Agricultural Act of 2014">Agricultural Act of 2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_Improvement_Act_of_2018" title="Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018">Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other<br />agricultural<br />legislation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hatch_Act_of_1887" title="Hatch Act of 1887">Hatch Act of 1887</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agricultural_Experiment_Stations_Act_of_1887" title="Agricultural Experiment Stations Act of 1887">Agricultural Experiment Stations Act of 1887</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_Appropriation_Act_of_1905" title="Agriculture Appropriation Act of 1905">Agriculture Appropriation Act of 1905</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agricultural_Appropriations_Act_of_1922" class="mw-redirect" title="Agricultural Appropriations Act of 1922">Agricultural Appropriations Act of 1922</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cotton_Futures_Act" title="Cotton Futures Act">Cotton Futures Act (1914)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cotton_Futures_Act_of_1916" title="Cotton Futures Act of 1916">Cotton Futures Act (1916)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grain_Standards_Act_of_1916" class="mw-redirect" title="Grain Standards Act of 1916">Grain Standards Act (1916)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheat_Price_Guarantee_Act" title="Wheat Price Guarantee Act">Wheat Price Guarantee Act (1919)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Future_Trading_Act" title="Future Trading Act">Future Trading Act (1921)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grain_Futures_Act" title="Grain Futures Act">Grain Futures Act (1922)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capper%E2%80%93Volstead_Act" title="Capper–Volstead Act">Capper–Volstead Act (1922)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agricultural_Marketing_Act_of_1929" title="Agricultural Marketing Act of 1929">Agricultural Marketing Act (1929)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farm_Credit_Act_of_1933" title="Farm Credit Act of 1933">Farm Credit Act of 1933</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frazier%E2%80%93Lemke_Farm_Bankruptcy_Act" title="Frazier–Lemke Farm Bankruptcy Act">Frazier–Lemke Farm Bankruptcy Act (1934)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bankhead%E2%80%93Jones_Act_of_1935" title="Bankhead–Jones Act of 1935">Bankhead–Jones Act of 1935</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commodity_Exchange_Act" title="Commodity Exchange Act">Commodity Exchange Act (1936)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bankhead%E2%80%93Jones_Farm_Tenant_Act_of_1937" title="Bankhead–Jones Farm Tenant Act of 1937">Bankhead-Jones Farm Tenant Act (1937)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agricultural_Marketing_Agreement_Act_of_1937" title="Agricultural Marketing Agreement Act of 1937">Agricultural Marketing Agreement Act of 1937</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Seed_Act" title="Federal Seed Act">Federal Seed Act of 1939</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agricultural_Trade_Development_and_Assistance_Act_of_1954" title="Agricultural Trade Development and Assistance Act of 1954">Agricultural Trade Development and Assistance Act of 1954</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Wool_Act_of_1954" title="National Wool Act of 1954">National Wool Act of 1954</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Plant_Pest_Act_of_1957" title="Federal Plant Pest Act of 1957">Federal Plant Pest Act of 1957</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agricultural_Fair_Practices_Act_of_1967" title="Agricultural Fair Practices Act of 1967">Agricultural Fair Practices Act of 1967</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farm_Credit_Act_of_1971" title="Farm Credit Act of 1971">Farm Credit Act of 1971</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_Farm_and_Rural_Development_Act_of_1972" title="Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act of 1972">Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act of 1972</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commodity_Futures_Trading_Commission_Act_of_1974" title="Commodity Futures Trading Commission Act of 1974">Commodity Futures Trading Commission Act of 1974</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agricultural_Trade_Act_of_1978" title="Agricultural Trade Act of 1978">Agricultural Trade Act of 1978</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agricultural_Adjustment_Act_of_1980" title="Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1980">Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1980</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Aquaculture_Act_of_1980" title="National Aquaculture Act of 1980">National Aquaculture Act of 1980</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Basin_Economic_Recovery_Act_of_1983" title="Caribbean Basin Economic Recovery Act of 1983">Caribbean Basin Economic Recovery Act of 1983</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extra-Long_Staple_Cotton_Act_of_1983" title="Extra-Long Staple Cotton Act of 1983">Extra-Long Staple Cotton Act of 1983 </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agricultural_Credit_Act_of_1987" title="Agricultural Credit Act of 1987">Agricultural Credit Act of 1987</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunger_Prevention_Act_of_1988" title="Hunger Prevention Act of 1988">Hunger Prevention Act of 1988</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alien_Species_Prevention_and_Enforcement_Act_of_1992" title="Alien Species Prevention and Enforcement Act of 1992">Alien Species Prevention and Enforcement Act of 1992</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amendments_to_the_National_Wool_Act" title="Amendments to the National Wool Act">National Wool Act Amendments of 1993</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Crop_Insurance_Reform_and_Department_of_Agriculture_Reorganization_Act_of_1994" title="Federal Crop Insurance Reform and Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act of 1994">Federal Crop Insurance Reform and Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act of 1994</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agricultural_Research,_Extension,_and_Education_Reform_Act_of_1998" title="Agricultural Research, Extension, and Education Reform Act of 1998">Agricultural Research, Extension, and Education Reform Act of 1998</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_Risk_Protection_Act_of_2000" title="Agriculture Risk Protection Act of 2000">Agriculture Risk Protection Act of 2000</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    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