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[o]" accesskey="o"> Log in</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing">learn more</a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y">Contributions</a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n">Talk</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div 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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prehistory_and_antiquity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Prehistory and antiquity </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prehistory_and_antiquity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Middle_Ages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Middle_Ages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Middle Ages </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Middle_Ages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Union_with_Hungary_and_Austria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Union_with_Hungary_and_Austria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Union with Hungary and Austria </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Union_with_Hungary_and_Austria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_World_Wars_and_Yugoslavia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_World_Wars_and_Yugoslavia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 The World Wars and Yugoslavia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_World_Wars_and_Yugoslavia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Independence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Independence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5 Independence </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Independence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Geography </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Geography subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Climate </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Biodiversity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biodiversity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Biodiversity </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Biodiversity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Governance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Governance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Governance </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Governance-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Governance subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Governance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Law_and_judicial_system" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Law_and_judicial_system"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Law and judicial system </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Law_and_judicial_system-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Foreign_relations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foreign_relations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Foreign relations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foreign_relations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Croatian_diaspora" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Croatian_diaspora"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Croatian diaspora </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Croatian_diaspora-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Military" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Military"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 Military </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Military-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Administrative_divisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administrative_divisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.5 Administrative divisions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administrative_divisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Economy </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Economy subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Tourism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Infrastructure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Infrastructure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Infrastructure </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Infrastructure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2.1 Transport </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2.2 Ports </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Energy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Energy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2.3 Energy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Energy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Demographics </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Demographics subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Religion </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Languages </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 Education </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Healthcare" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Healthcare"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.4 Healthcare </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Healthcare-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Language" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Language"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Language </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Language-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Culture </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Culture subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Arts,_literature,_and_music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arts,_literature,_and_music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 Arts, literature, and music </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arts,_literature,_and_music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2 Media </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Film_Industry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Film_Industry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.3 Film Industry </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Film_Industry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cuisine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cuisine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.4 Cuisine </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cuisine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.5 Sports </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Technology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Technology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Technology </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Technology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Explanatory_notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Explanatory_notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Explanatory notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Explanatory_notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Citations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-General_and_cited_references" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General_and_cited_references"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 General and cited references </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General_and_cited_references-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Croatia</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 284 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-284" aria-hidden="true" > 284 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kroasia" title="Kroasia – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Kroasia" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Acèh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8D" title="Хоруатиэ – Kabardian" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Хоруатиэ" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="Kabardian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Адыгэбзэ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Хорватие – Adyghe" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Хорватие" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="Adyghe" class="interlanguage-link-target">Адыгабзэ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kroasi%C3%AB" title="Kroasië – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Kroasië" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kroatien" title="Kroatien – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Kroatien" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%AD%E1%88%AE%E1%8A%A4%E1%88%BD%E1%8B%AB" title="ክሮኤሽያ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ክሮኤሽያ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kroatia" title="Kroatia – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Kroatia" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Anarâškielâ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="क्रोएशिया – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="क्रोएशिया" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target">अंगिका</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Croatia" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ænglisc</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B0" title="Хорватиа – Abkhazian" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Хорватиа" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Аԥсшәа</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="كرواتيا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كرواتيا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croacia" title="Croacia – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Croacia" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A9%DC%AA%DC%98%DC%90%DC%9B%DC%9D%DC%90" title="ܩܪܘܐܛܝܐ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܩܪܘܐܛܝܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target">ܐܪܡܝܐ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BD%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A1%D5%A9%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Խրուաթիա – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Խրուաթիա" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Արեւմտահայերէն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cruatsii" title="Cruatsii – Aromanian" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Cruatsii" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Armãneashti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croacia" title="Croacia – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Croacia" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Arpetan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croacia" title="Croacia – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Croacia" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="क्रोएशिया – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="क्रोएशिया" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">अवधी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koro%C3%A1sia" title="Koroásia – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Koroásia" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Avañe'ẽ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Хорватия – Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Хорватия" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target">Авар</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kruwatiya" title="Kruwatiya – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Kruwatiya" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aymar aru</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xorvatiya" title="Xorvatiya – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Xorvatiya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="کوروواسی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="کوروواسی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kroasia" title="Kroasia – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Kroasia" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE" title="ক্রোয়েশিয়া – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ক্রোয়েশিয়া" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Croatia" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kroasia" title="Kroasia – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Kroasia" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Banyumasan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Хорватия – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Хорватия" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Харватыя – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Харватыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Харватыя – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Харватыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="क्रोएशिया – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="क्रोएशिया" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kroasya" title="Kroasya – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Kroasya" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kroasia" title="Kroasia – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Kroasia" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bislama</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Хърватия – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Хърватия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krowozien" title="Krowozien – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Krowozien" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%81%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A4%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A1%E0%BC%8D" title="ཁུརོ་ཤི་ཡ། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཁུརོ་ཤི་ཡ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target">བོད་ཡིག</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hrvatska" title="Hrvatska – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Hrvatska" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kroatia" title="Kroatia – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Kroatia" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Хорвати – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Хорвати" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target">Буряад</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cro%C3%A0cia" title="Croàcia – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Croàcia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Хорвати – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Хорвати" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krowatiya" title="Krowatiya – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Krowatiya" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chorvatsko" title="Chorvatsko – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Chorvatsko" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ch mw-list-item"><a href="https://ch.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croacia" title="Croacia – Chamorro" lang="ch" hreflang="ch" data-title="Croacia" data-language-autonym="Chamoru" data-language-local-name="Chamorro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Chamoru</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croacia" title="Croacia – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Croacia" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Chavacano de Zamboanga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurohesha" title="Kurohesha – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Kurohesha" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiShona</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia – Tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Croatia" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiTumbuka</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croazia" title="Croazia – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Croazia" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target">Corsu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Croatia" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Croatia" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dagbanli</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kroatien" title="Kroatien – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kroatien" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="كرواتيا – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="كرواتيا" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kroatia" title="Kroatia – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Kroatia" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Davvisámegiella</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kroaati" title="Kroaati – Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Kroaati" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deitsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kroatien" title="Kroatien – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kroatien" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%86%DE%AA%DE%83%DE%AE%DE%87%DE%AD%DE%9D%DE%A8%DE%87%DE%A7" title="ކުރޮއޭޝިއާ – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ކުރޮއޭޝިއާ" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ދިވެހިބަސް</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daalch%C3%AD%C3%AD%CA%BC_Dadik%CA%BC%C4%85%CC%81%C4%85hnii_Bik%C3%A9yah" title="Daalchííʼ Dadikʼą́ąhnii Bikéyah – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Daalchííʼ Dadikʼą́ąhnii Bikéyah" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Diné bizaad</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chorwatska" title="Chorwatska – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Chorwatska" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dolnoserbski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="क्रोएसिया – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="क्रोएसिया" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target">डोटेली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dz mw-list-item"><a href="https://dz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%80%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A4%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A1" title="ཀུརོ་ཤི་ཡ – Dzongkha" lang="dz" hreflang="dz" data-title="ཀུརོ་ཤི་ཡ" data-language-autonym="ཇོང་ཁ" data-language-local-name="Dzongkha" class="interlanguage-link-target">ཇོང་ཁ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horvaatia" title="Horvaatia – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Horvaatia" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Κροατία – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κροατία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cru%C3%A0sia" title="Cruàsia – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Cruàsia" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Emiliàn e rumagnòl</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Хорватия Мастор – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Хорватия Мастор" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target">Эрзянь</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croacia" title="Croacia – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Croacia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kroatio" title="Kroatio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kroatio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croacia" title="Croacia – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Croacia" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target">Estremeñu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kroazia" title="Kroazia – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kroazia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia – Ewe" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Croatia" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="Ewe" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eʋegbe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="کرواسی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کرواسی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Croatia" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kroatia" title="Kroatia – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Kroatia" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croatie" title="Croatie – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Croatie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kroaasje" title="Kroaasje – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Kroaasje" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korowaasiya" title="Korowaasiya – Fula" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Korowaasiya" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="Fula" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fulfulde</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cravuazie" title="Cravuazie – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Cravuazie" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Furlan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Chr%C3%B3it" title="An Chróit – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Chróit" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yn_Chroit" title="Yn Chroit – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Yn Chroit" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kroa%C8%9Biya" title="Kroațiya – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Kroațiya" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gagauz</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poblachd_na_Cr%C3%B2thaise" title="Poblachd na Cròthaise – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Poblachd na Cròthaise" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croacia" title="Croacia – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Croacia" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E7%BE%85%E5%9C%B0%E4%BA%9E" title="克羅地亞 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="克羅地亞" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target">贛語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%95%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%8F%E0%AA%B6%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%AF%E0%AA%BE" title="ક્રોએશિયા – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ક્રોએશિયા" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%BA%F0%90%8D%82%F0%90%8C%BF%F0%90%8D%85%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8D%84%F0%90%8D%83%F0%90%8C%BE%F0%90%8C%B0" title="𐌺𐍂𐌿𐍅𐌰𐍄𐍃𐌾𐌰 – Gothic" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌺𐍂𐌿𐍅𐌰𐍄𐍃𐌾𐌰" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gothic" class="interlanguage-link-target">𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="क्रोएशिया – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="क्रोएशिया" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target">गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Croatia" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%81%AC%EB%A1%9C%EC%95%84%ED%8B%B0%EC%95%84" title="크로아티아 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="크로아티아" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kroatiya" title="Kroatiya – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Kroatiya" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koloatia" title="Koloatia – Hawaiian" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Koloatia" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="Hawaiian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hawaiʻi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BD%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%A9%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Խորվաթիա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Խորվաթիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="क्रोएशिया – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="क्रोएशिया" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chorwatska" title="Chorwatska – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Chorwatska" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hornjoserbsce</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hrvatska" title="Hrvatska – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Hrvatska" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kroatia" title="Kroatia – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Kroatia" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kroatia" title="Kroatia – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Kroatia" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Igbo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kroasia" title="Kroasia – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Kroasia" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE" title="ক্রোয়েশিয়া – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="ক্রোয়েশিয়া" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target">বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kroasia" title="Kroasia – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kroasia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Croatia" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Croatia" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huvasiiq" title="Huvasiiq – Inupiaq" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Huvasiiq" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="Inupiaq" class="interlanguage-link-target">Iñupiatun</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Хорвати – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Хорвати" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IKrowati" title="IKrowati – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="IKrowati" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiZulu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kr%C3%B3at%C3%ADa" title="Króatía – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Króatía" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croazia" title="Croazia – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Croazia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%90%D7%98%D7%99%D7%94" title="קרואטיה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קרואטיה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kroasia" title="Kroasia – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Kroasia" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krowasii" title="Krowasii – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Krowasii" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kabɩyɛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8A%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%B6%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF" title="ಕ್ರೊಯೆಶಿಯ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕ್ರೊಯೆಶಿಯ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kroasia" title="Kroasia – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Kroasia" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kapampangan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Хорватия – Karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Хорватия" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Къарачай-малкъар</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AE%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ხორვატია – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ხორვატია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%B2rwack%C3%B4" title="Chòrwackô – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Chòrwackô" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kaszëbsczi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Хорватия – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Хорватия" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kroati" title="Kroati – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Kroati" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korowatiya" title="Korowatiya – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Korowatiya" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ikinyarwanda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rn mw-list-item"><a href="https://rn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croacia" title="Croacia – Rundi" lang="rn" hreflang="rn" data-title="Croacia" data-language-autonym="Ikirundi" data-language-local-name="Rundi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ikirundi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kroatia" title="Kroatia – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kroatia" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Хорватия – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Хорватия" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Коми</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kroatia" title="Kroatia – Kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Kroatia" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kongo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xrvatska" title="Xrvatska – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Xrvatska" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kotava</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwowasi" title="Kwowasi – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Kwowasi" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kroasi" title="Kroasi – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Kroasi" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kriyòl gwiyannen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xirwatistan" title="Xirwatistan – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Xirwatistan" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Хорватия – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Хорватия" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croazia" title="Croazia – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Croazia" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kroasia" title="Kroasia – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Kroasia" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladino</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%A3%E0%BA%BB%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B5" title="ປະເທດກຣົວຊີ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ປະເທດກຣົວຊີ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target">ລາວ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horvateja" title="Horvateja – Latgalian" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Horvateja" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="Latgalian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latgaļu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Croatia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horv%C4%81tija" title="Horvātija – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Horvātija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kroatien" title="Kroatien – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Kroatien" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Хорватия – Lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Хорватия" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Лезги</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kroatija" title="Kroatija – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kroatija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croa%C3%A7ia" title="Croaçia – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Croaçia" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ligure</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kroati%C3%AB" title="Kroatië – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Kroatië" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kroasia" title="Kroasia – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Kroasia" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingála</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corvatsca" title="Corvatsca – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Corvatsca" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horvatii" title="Horvatii – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Horvatii" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Livvinkarjala</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/xrvatskas" title="xrvatskas – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="xrvatskas" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target">La .lojban.</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia – Ganda" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Croatia" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="Ganda" class="interlanguage-link-target">Luganda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cruazia" title="Cruazia – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Cruazia" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horv%C3%A1torsz%C3%A1g" title="Horvátország – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Horvátország" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kroasia" title="Kroasia – Madurese" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Kroasia" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="Madurese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Madhurâ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="क्रोएसिया – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="क्रोएसिया" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target">मैथिली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Хрватска – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Хрватска" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kr%C3%B4asia" title="Krôasia – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Krôasia" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8A%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF" title="ക്രൊയേഷ്യ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ക്രൊയേഷ്യ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kroazja" title="Kroazja – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Kroazja" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koro%C4%81tia" title="Koroātia – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Koroātia" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target">Māori</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="क्रोएशिया – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="क्रोएशिया" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AE%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ხორვატია – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ხორვატია" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="كرواتيا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كرواتيا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="کرواسی – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="کرواسی" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Croatia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%80%EA%AF%AD%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%91%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%8C%EA%AF%A5" title="ꯀ꯭ꯔꯣꯑꯦꯁꯤꯌꯥ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯀ꯭ꯔꯣꯑꯦꯁꯤꯌꯥ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kroasia" title="Kroasia – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Kroasia" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target">Minangkabau</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Croatia" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cro%C3%A1cia" title="Croácia – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Croácia" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Mirandés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Хорватия – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Хорватия" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target">Мокшень</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Хорват – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Хорват" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%81%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%A1%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%84%E1%80%B6" title="ခရိုအေးရှားနိုင်ငံ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ခရိုအေးရှားနိုင်ငံ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia – Fijian" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Croatia" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fijian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Na Vosa Vakaviti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kroati%C3%AB" title="Kroatië – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kroatië" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kroasi%C3%AB" title="Kroasië – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Kroasië" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nedersaksies</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="क्रोएसिया – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="क्रोएसिया" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="क्रोएसिया – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="क्रोएसिया" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AD%E3%82%A2%E3%83%81%E3%82%A2" title="クロアチア – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="クロアチア" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croazia" title="Croazia – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Croazia" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Napulitano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Хорвати – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Хорвати" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kroaatien" title="Kroaatien – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Kroaatien" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kroaysha" title="Kroaysha – Pitcairn-Norfolk" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Kroaysha" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Pitcairn-Norfolk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norfuk / Pitkern</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kroatia" title="Kroatia – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kroatia" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kroatia" title="Kroatia – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kroatia" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croatie" title="Croatie – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Croatie" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nouormand</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kroatia" title="Kroatia – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Kroatia" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target">Novial</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cro%C3%A0cia" title="Croàcia – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Croàcia" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Хорватий – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Хорватий" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Олык марий</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%95%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%8F%E0%AC%B8%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%86" title="କ୍ରୋଏସିଆ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="କ୍ରୋଏସିଆ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target">ଓଡ଼ିଆ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirooshiyaa" title="Kirooshiyaa – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Kirooshiyaa" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oromoo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xorvatiya" title="Xorvatiya – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Xorvatiya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%8F%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86" title="ਕ੍ਰੋਏਸ਼ੀਆ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਕ੍ਰੋਏਸ਼ੀਆ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="क्रोएशिया – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="क्रोएशिया" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target">पालि</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kroasiya" title="Kroasiya – Pangasinan" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Kroasiya" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="Pangasinan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Pangasinan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia – Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Croatia" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target">Pangcah</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="کروشیا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کروشیا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%81%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%A1%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9E%E1%80%BB%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%81%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%91%E1%80%AE" title="ခရိုအေးသျားခမ်းထီ – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="ခရိုအေးသျားခမ်းထီ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target">ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kroasia" title="Kroasia – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Kroasia" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target">Papiamentu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="کرواسيا – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="کرواسيا" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kruoyesha" title="Kruoyesha – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Kruoyesha" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Patois</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D3%A7%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Хӧрватска – Komi-Permyak" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Хӧрватска" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="Komi-Permyak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Перем коми</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croachie" title="Croachie – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Croachie" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Picard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croassia" title="Croassia – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Croassia" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krowesia" title="Krowesia – Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Krowesia" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tok Pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tok Pisin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kroatien" title="Kroatien – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Kroatien" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chorwacja" title="Chorwacja – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Chorwacja" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Κροατία – Pontic" lang="pnt" hreflang="pnt" data-title="Κροατία" data-language-autonym="Ποντιακά" data-language-local-name="Pontic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ποντιακά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cro%C3%A1cia" title="Croácia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Croácia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xorvatiya" title="Xorvatiya – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Xorvatiya" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qaraqalpaqsha</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C4%B1rvatistan" title="Hırvatistan – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Hırvatistan" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qırımtatarca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ty mw-list-item"><a href="https://ty.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toro%C4%81tia" title="Toroātia – Tahitian" lang="ty" hreflang="ty" data-title="Toroātia" data-language-autonym="Reo tahiti" data-language-local-name="Tahitian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Reo tahiti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croa%C8%9Bia" title="Croația – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Croația" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kroatiya" title="Kroatiya – Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Kroatiya" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Romani čhib</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croazia" title="Croazia – Romansh" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Croazia" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Romansh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Rumantsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurwatsuyu" title="Hurwatsuyu – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Hurwatsuyu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Хорватія – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Хорватія" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русиньскый</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Хорватия – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Хорватия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Хорватия – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Хорватия" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Croatia" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sakizaya</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koroasia" title="Koroasia – Samoan" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Koroasia" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samoan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gagana Samoa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="क्रोएशिया – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="क्रोएशिया" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sg mw-list-item"><a href="https://sg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kroas%C3%AFi" title="Kroasïi – Sango" lang="sg" hreflang="sg" data-title="Kroasïi" data-language-autonym="Sängö" data-language-local-name="Sango" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sängö</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%B3%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9F" title="ᱠᱨᱳᱭᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱠᱨᱳᱭᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cro%C3%A0tzia" title="Croàtzia – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Croàtzia" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croatie" title="Croatie – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Croatie" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia – Taroko" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Croatia" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="Taroko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seediq</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kroatien" title="Kroatien – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Kroatien" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seeltersk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kroatia" title="Kroatia – Southern Sotho" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Kroatia" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="Southern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sesotho</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kroacia" title="Kroacia – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kroacia" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croazzia" title="Croazzia – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Croazzia" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%92%E0%B7%82%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F" title="ක්‍රොඒෂියා – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ක්‍රොඒෂියා" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Croatia" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="ڪروشيا – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ڪروشيا" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/IKhuroshiya" title="IKhuroshiya – Swati" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="IKhuroshiya" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="Swati" class="interlanguage-link-target">SiSwati</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chorv%C3%A1tsko" title="Chorvátsko – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Chorvátsko" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hrva%C5%A1ka" title="Hrvaška – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Hrvaška" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%80%D1%8A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Хръватьска – Church Slavic" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Хръватьска" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="Church Slavic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chorwacyjo" title="Chorwacyjo – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Chorwacyjo" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuruweshiya" title="Kuruweshiya – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Kuruweshiya" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="کرواتیا – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کرواتیا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-srn mw-list-item"><a href="https://srn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krvatkondre" title="Krvatkondre – Sranan Tongo" lang="srn" hreflang="srn" data-title="Krvatkondre" data-language-autonym="Sranantongo" data-language-local-name="Sranan Tongo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sranantongo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Хрватска – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Хрватска" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hrvatska" title="Hrvatska – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Hrvatska" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kroasia" title="Kroasia – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Kroasia" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kroatia" title="Kroatia – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kroatia" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kroatien" title="Kroatien – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kroatien" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Croatia" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE" title="குரோவாசியா – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="குரோவாசியா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kruwatya" title="Kruwatya – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Kruwatya" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taqbaylit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croazie" title="Croazie – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Croazie" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tarandíne</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Хорватия – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Хорватия" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%B0%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%81%B6%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B0%E1%80%9D%E1%80%BA%E1%82%87%E1%80%A2%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9E%E1%80%BB%E1%82%83%E1%80%B8" title="မိူင်းၶရူဝ်ႇဢေးသျႃး – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="မိူင်းၶရူဝ်ႇဢေးသျႃး" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target">ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia – Atayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="Croatia" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Atayal" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tayal</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%B7%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE" title="క్రోయేషియా – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="క్రోయేషియా" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kro%C3%A1sia" title="Kroásia – Tetum" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Kroásia" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="Tetum" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tetun</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" title="ประเทศโครเอเชีย – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ประเทศโครเอเชีย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Хорватия – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Хорватия" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuloisia" title="Kuloisia – Tongan" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Kuloisia" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="Tongan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lea faka-Tonga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A7%E1%8E%B6%E1%8E%A1%E1%8F%8F%E1%8E%A0" title="ᎧᎶᎡᏏᎠ – Cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎧᎶᎡᏏᎠ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="Cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᏣᎳᎩ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia – Cheyenne" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Croatia" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="Cheyenne" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tsetsêhestâhese</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C4%B1rvatistan" title="Hırvatistan – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Hırvatistan" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horwati%C3%BDa" title="Horwatiýa – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Horwatiýa" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkmençe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia – Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Croatia" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Twi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ki%CC%B1rowesiya" title="Ki̱rowesiya – Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Ki̱rowesiya" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tyap</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Хорватия – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Хорватия" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target">Удмурт</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Хорватія – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Хорватія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%B4%D8%A7" title="کروئیشا – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کروئیشا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%89%D9%8A%DB%95" title="كرودىيە – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="كرودىيە" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Croatia" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vahcuengh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cro%C3%A0sia" title="Croàsia – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Croàsia" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horvatii" title="Horvatii – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Horvatii" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vepsän kel’</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Croatia" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kroas%C3%A4n" title="Kroasän – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Kroasän" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horvaatia" title="Horvaatia – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Horvaatia" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Võro</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crowaceye" title="Crowaceye – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Crowaceye" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Walon</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E7%BE%85%E5%9C%B0%E4%BA%9E" title="克羅地亞 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="克羅地亞" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kroati%C3%AB" title="Kroatië – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Kroatië" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target">West-Vlams</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kroasya" title="Kroasya – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Kroasya" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korwaasi" title="Korwaasi – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Korwaasi" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target">Wolof</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E7%BD%97%E5%9C%B0%E4%BA%9A" title="克罗地亚 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="克罗地亚" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia – Tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Croatia" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="Tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Xitsonga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%90%D7%98%D7%99%D7%A2" title="קראאטיע – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="קראאטיע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kroat%C3%AD%C3%A0" title="Kroatíà – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Kroatíà" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E7%BE%85%E5%9C%B0%E4%BA%9E" title="克羅地亞 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="克羅地亞" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/X%C4%B1rvat%C4%B1stan" title="Xırvatıstan – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Xırvatıstan" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kroaoti%C3%AB" title="Kroaotië – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Kroaotië" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zeêuws</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kroat%C4%97j%C4%97" title="Kroatėjė – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Kroatėjė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Žemaitėška</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E7%BD%97%E5%9C%B0%E4%BA%9A" title="克罗地亚 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="克罗地亚" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ann mw-list-item"><a href="https://ann.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuresha" title="Kuresha – Obolo" lang="ann" hreflang="ann" data-title="Kuresha" data-language-autonym="Obolo" data-language-local-name="Obolo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Obolo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kroasi" title="Kroasi – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Kroasi" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Betawi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kroasia" title="Kroasia – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Kroasia" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kumoring</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rsk mw-list-item"><a href="https://rsk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Горватска – Pannonian Rusyn" lang="rsk" hreflang="rsk" data-title="Горватска" data-language-autonym="Руски" data-language-local-name="Pannonian Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Руски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xorvatij%C9%99" title="Xorvatijə – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Xorvatijə" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tolışi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B4%BD%E2%B5%94%E2%B5%A1%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%9C%E2%B5%A2%E2%B4%B0" title="ⴽⵔⵡⴰⵜⵢⴰ – Standard Moroccan Tamazight" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⴽⵔⵡⴰⵜⵢⴰ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="Standard Moroccan Tamazight" class="interlanguage-link-target">ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q224#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div 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href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Croatia&params=45_10_N_15_30_E_">45°10′N 15°30′E / 45.167°N 15.500°E / 45.167; 15.500</a></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-pp-default" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy#semi" title="This article is semi-protected."><img alt="Page semi-protected" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/30px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043282317">.mw-parser-output .ib-country{border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country td,.mw-parser-output .ib-country th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-full-data{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-header{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.2}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-names{padding-top:0.25em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-name-style{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-image{padding:0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-anthem{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding-top:0.5em;margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-largest,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-lang{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-ethnic,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-religion,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-sovereignty{font-weight:normal;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li2{text-indent:0.5em;margin-left:1em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-website{line-height:11pt}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption3{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn{text-align:left;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style><table class="infobox ib-country vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"><div class="fn org country-name">Republic of Croatia</div><div class="ib-country-names">Republika Hrvatska (<a href="/wiki/Croatian_language" title="Croatian language">Croatian</a>)<a href="#cite_note-1">[a]</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="noresize" style="display:table; width:100%;"> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding-left:5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Croatia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Croatia"><img alt="Flag of Croatia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/125px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="63" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/188px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/250px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Croatia" title="Flag of Croatia">Flag</a></div> </div> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding: 0px 5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Croatia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Croatia"><img alt="Coat of arms of Croatia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Coat_of_arms_of_Croatia.svg/70px-Coat_of_arms_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Coat_of_arms_of_Croatia.svg/105px-Coat_of_arms_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Coat_of_arms_of_Croatia.svg/140px-Coat_of_arms_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1386" data-file-height="1844" /></a></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Croatia" title="Coat of arms of Croatia"> Coat of arms</a></div> </div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data anthem">Anthem: "<a href="/wiki/Lijepa_na%C5%A1a_domovino" title="Lijepa naša domovino">Lijepa naša domovino</a>" ("Our Beautiful Homeland") <div style="display:inline-block;margin-top:0.4em;"><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" 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src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ALijepa_nasa_domovino_instrumental.ogg&lang=ro&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ro" label="română ‪(ro)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ALijepa_nasa_domovino_instrumental.ogg&lang=ru&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ru" label="русский ‪(ru)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ALijepa_nasa_domovino_instrumental.ogg&lang=sq&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="sq" label="shqip ‪(sq)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ALijepa_nasa_domovino_instrumental.ogg&lang=sr&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="sr" label="српски / srpski ‪(sr)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ALijepa_nasa_domovino_instrumental.ogg&lang=uk&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="uk" label="українська ‪(uk)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ALijepa_nasa_domovino_instrumental.ogg&lang=zh-hans&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh-Hans" label="中文（简体） ‪(zh-hans)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3ALijepa_nasa_domovino_instrumental.ogg&lang=zh-hant&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="zh-Hant" label="中文（繁體） ‪(zh-hant)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></audio><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><div><a href="/wiki/File:EU-Croatia_(orthographic_projection).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/EU-Croatia_%28orthographic_projection%29.png/220px-EU-Croatia_%28orthographic_projection%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/EU-Croatia_%28orthographic_projection%29.png/330px-EU-Croatia_%28orthographic_projection%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/EU-Croatia_%28orthographic_projection%29.png/440px-EU-Croatia_%28orthographic_projection%29.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="2000" /></a>Show globe</div><div><a href="/wiki/File:EU-Croatia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/EU-Croatia.svg/250px-EU-Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/EU-Croatia.svg/375px-EU-Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/EU-Croatia.svg/500px-EU-Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2045" data-file-height="1720" /></a>Show map of Europe</div></div><div class="ib-country-map-caption"><div style="text-align:center;line-height:1.15em;">Location of Croatia (dark green)– in <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> (green & dark grey) – in the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> (green)</div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital<div class="ib-country-largest">and largest city</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Zagreb" title="Zagreb">Zagreb</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Croatia&params=45_48_47_N_15_58_39_E_type:city">45°48′47″N 15°58′39″E / 45.81306°N 15.97750°E / 45.81306; 15.97750</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Official languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Croatian_language" title="Croatian language">Croatian</a><a href="#cite_note-2">[b]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Writing_system" title="Writing system">Writing system</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Latin_alphabet" title="Latin alphabet">Latin</a><a href="#cite_note-3">[c]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic group">Ethnic groups</a> <div class="ib-country-ethnic"> (2021)</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>91.6% <a href="/wiki/Croats" title="Croats">Croats</a></li><li>3.2% <a href="/wiki/Serbs_of_Croatia" title="Serbs of Croatia">Serbs</a></li><li>5.2% <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Croatia" title="Demographics of Croatia">others</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion <div class="ib-country-religion"> (2021)</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li style="white-space;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1116488514">.mw-parser-output .treeview ul{padding:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .treeview li{padding:0;margin:0;list-style-type:none;list-style-image:none}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li{background:url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Treeview-grey-line.png")no-repeat 0 -2981px;padding-left:21px;text-indent:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li:last-child{background-position:0 -5971px}.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>.mw-empty-elt:first-child+.emptyline,.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>li:first-child{background-position:0 9px}</style><div class="treeview"> <ul><li>87.4% <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> <ul><li>79.0% <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Croatia" title="Catholic Church in Croatia">Catholicism</a></li> <li>3.3% <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy_in_Croatia" title="Eastern Orthodoxy in Croatia">Orthodoxy</a></li> <li>5.1% other <a href="/wiki/Christian" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian">Christian</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></li><li style="white-space;">6.4% <a href="/wiki/Irreligion_in_Croatia" title="Irreligion in Croatia">no religion</a></li><li style="white-space;">2.3% <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Croatia" title="Religion in Croatia">other</a></li><li style="white-space;">3.9% undeclared<a href="#cite_note-4">[1]</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Croat" class="mw-redirect" title="Croat">Croatian</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Croatia" title="Politics of Croatia">Government</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Unitary_parliamentary_republic" title="Unitary parliamentary republic">Unitary parliamentary republic</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/President_of_Croatia" title="President of Croatia">President</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Zoran_Milanovi%C4%87" title="Zoran Milanović">Zoran Milanović</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Croatia" title="Prime Minister of Croatia">Prime Minister</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Andrej_Plenkovi%C4%87" title="Andrej Plenković">Andrej Plenković</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_Croatian_Parliament" title="Speaker of the Croatian Parliament">Speaker of the Parliament</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Gordan_Jandrokovi%C4%87" title="Gordan Jandroković">Gordan Jandroković</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Legislature</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sabor" class="mw-redirect" title="Sabor">Sabor</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Croatia" title="History of Croatia">Establishment history</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Croatia" title="Duchy of Croatia">Duchy</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">7th century</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Croatia_(925%E2%80%931102)" title="Kingdom of Croatia (925–1102)">Kingdom</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">925</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Croatia_in_personal_union_with_Hungary" title="Croatia in personal union with Hungary">Croatia in personal union with Hungary</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1102</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Joined <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Croatia_(Habsburg)" title="Kingdom of Croatia (Habsburg)">Habsburg Monarchy</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1 January 1527</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Secession from <a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary">Austria-Hungary</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">29 October 1918</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Creation_of_Yugoslavia" title="Creation of Yugoslavia">Creation of Yugoslavia</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">4 December 1918</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Republic_of_Croatia" title="Socialist Republic of Croatia">Socialist Republic of Croatia</a> of <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" title="Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">9 May 1944</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Independence_of_Croatia" title="Independence of Croatia">Declaration of independence</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">25 June 1991</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Croatia" title="Geography of Croatia">Area </a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">56,561<a href="#cite_note-Hrvatska-LZMK-5">[2]</a> km2 (21,838 sq mi) (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area" title="List of countries and dependencies by area">124th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Water (%)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">1.09</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Croatia" title="Demographics of Croatia">Population</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• 2023 estimate</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Neutral decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Decrease_Neutral.svg/11px-Decrease_Neutral.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Decrease_Neutral.svg/17px-Decrease_Neutral.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Decrease_Neutral.svg/22px-Decrease_Neutral.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="347" data-file-height="346" /> 3,861,967<a href="#cite_note-6">[3]</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_population" title="List of countries and dependencies by population">128th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• 2021 census</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Neutral decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Decrease_Neutral.svg/11px-Decrease_Neutral.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Decrease_Neutral.svg/17px-Decrease_Neutral.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Decrease_Neutral.svg/22px-Decrease_Neutral.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="347" data-file-height="346" /> 3,871,833<a href="#cite_note-Census_2021-7">[4]</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_population" title="List of countries and dependencies by population">128th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Density</div></th><td class="infobox-data">68.4/km2 (177.2/sq mi) (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_population_density" title="List of countries and dependencies by population density">152nd</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style>(<a href="/wiki/Purchasing_power_parity" title="Purchasing power parity">PPP</a>)</th><td class="infobox-data">2025 estimate</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> $196.12 billion<a href="#cite_note-IMFWEO.HR-8">[5]</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)" title="List of countries by GDP (PPP)">79th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Per capita</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> $51,223<a href="#cite_note-IMFWEO.HR-8">[5]</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)_per_capita" title="List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita">41st</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488">(nominal)</th><td class="infobox-data">2025 estimate</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> $96.29 billion<a href="#cite_note-IMFWEO.HR-8">[5]</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)" title="List of countries by GDP (nominal)">74th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Per capita</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> $25,081<a href="#cite_note-IMFWEO.HR-8">[5]</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)_per_capita" title="List of countries by GDP (nominal) per capita">51st</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gini_coefficient" title="Gini coefficient">Gini</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488">(2023)</th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Negative increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/11px-Increase_Negative.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/17px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/22px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 29.7<a href="#cite_note-eurogini-9">[6]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style>low inequality</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">HDI</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488">(2022)</th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 0.878<a href="#cite_note-HDI-10">[7]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">very high (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of countries by Human Development Index">39th</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Currency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">Euro</a> (<a href="/wiki/Euro_sign" title="Euro sign">€</a>) (<a href="/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">EUR</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Time zone</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Coordinated_Universal_Time" title="Coordinated Universal Time">UTC</a>+1 (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Time" title="Central European Time">CET</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Coordinated_Universal_Time" title="Coordinated Universal Time">UTC</a>+2 (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Summer_Time" title="Central European Summer Time">CEST</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_Croatia" title="Telephone numbers in Croatia">Calling code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_Croatia" title="Telephone numbers in Croatia">+385</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:HR" title="ISO 3166-2:HR">HR</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Country_code_top-level_domain" title="Country code top-level domain">Internet TLD</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/.hr" title=".hr">.hr</a> and <a href="/wiki/.eu" title=".eu">.eu</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> Croatia,<a href="#cite_note-12">[d]</a> officially the Republic of Croatia<a href="#cite_note-13">[e]</a> is a country in <a href="/wiki/Central_Europe" title="Central Europe">Central</a> and <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Europe" title="Southeast Europe">Southeast Europe</a>, on the coast of the <a href="/wiki/Adriatic_Sea" title="Adriatic Sea">Adriatic Sea</a>. It borders <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a> to the northwest, <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a> to the northeast, <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a> to the east, <a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a> and <a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a> to the southeast, and shares a <a href="/wiki/Maritime_border" class="mw-redirect" title="Maritime border">maritime border</a> with <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> to the west. Its capital and largest city, <a href="/wiki/Zagreb" title="Zagreb">Zagreb</a>, forms one of the country's <a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Croatia" title="Administrative divisions of Croatia">primary subdivisions</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Counties_of_Croatia" title="Counties of Croatia">twenty counties</a>. Other major urban centers include <a href="/wiki/Split,_Croatia" title="Split, Croatia">Split</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rijeka" title="Rijeka">Rijeka</a> and <a href="/wiki/Osijek" title="Osijek">Osijek</a>. The country spans 56,594 square kilometres (21,851 square miles), and has a population of nearly 3.9 million. The <a href="/wiki/Croats" title="Croats">Croats</a> arrived in modern-day Croatia in the late 6th century, then part of <a href="/wiki/Illyria" title="Illyria">Roman Illyria</a>. By the 7th century, they had organized the territory into <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Croatia" title="Duchy of Croatia">two duchies</a>. Croatia was first internationally recognized as independent on 7 June 879 during the reign of Duke <a href="/wiki/Branimir_of_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="Branimir of Croatia">Branimir</a>. <a href="/wiki/Tomislav_of_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="Tomislav of Croatia">Tomislav</a> became the first king by 925, elevating Croatia to the status of a <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Croatia_(925%E2%80%931102)" title="Kingdom of Croatia (925–1102)">kingdom</a>. During the succession crisis after the <a href="/wiki/Trpimirovi%C4%87_dynasty" title="Trpimirović dynasty">Trpimirović dynasty</a> ended, Croatia <a href="/wiki/Croatia_in_personal_union_with_Hungary" title="Croatia in personal union with Hungary">entered</a> a <a href="/wiki/Personal_union" title="Personal union">personal union</a> with <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary" title="Kingdom of Hungary">Hungary</a> in 1102. In 1527, faced with <a href="/wiki/Hundred_Years%27_Croatian%E2%80%93Ottoman_War" title="Hundred Years' Croatian–Ottoman War">Ottoman conquest</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Croatian_Parliament" title="Croatian Parliament">Croatian Parliament</a> elected <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor">Ferdinand I of Austria</a> to the Croatian throne. In October 1918, the <a href="/wiki/State_of_Slovenes,_Croats_and_Serbs" title="State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs">State of Slovenes, Croats, and Serbs</a>, independent from the <a href="/wiki/Habsburg_monarchy" title="Habsburg monarchy">Habsburg Empire</a>, was proclaimed in Zagreb, and in December 1918, it <a href="/wiki/Creation_of_Yugoslavia" title="Creation of Yugoslavia">merged</a> into the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia" title="Kingdom of Yugoslavia">Kingdom of Yugoslavia</a>. Following the Axis <a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Yugoslavia" title="Invasion of Yugoslavia">invasion of Yugoslavia</a> in April 1941, most of Croatia was incorporated into a Nazi-installed puppet state, the <a href="/wiki/Independent_State_of_Croatia" title="Independent State of Croatia">Independent State of Croatia</a>. A <a href="/wiki/Croatian_Partisans" title="Croatian Partisans">resistance movement</a> led to the creation of the <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Republic_of_Croatia" title="Socialist Republic of Croatia">Socialist Republic of Croatia</a>, which after the war became a founding member and constituent of the <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" title="Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia</a>. On 25 June 1991, Croatia <a href="/wiki/Independence_of_Croatia" title="Independence of Croatia">declared independence</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Croatian_War_of_Independence" title="Croatian War of Independence">War of Independence</a> was successfully fought over the next four years. Croatia is a <a href="/wiki/Republic" title="Republic">republic</a> and has a <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_system" title="Parliamentary system">parliamentary system</a>. It is a member of the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Eurozone" title="Eurozone">Eurozone</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Schengen_Area" title="Schengen Area">Schengen Area</a>, <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Europe" title="Council of Europe">Council of Europe</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe" title="Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe">OSCE</a>, the <a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Organization" title="World Trade Organization">World Trade Organization</a>, a founding member of the <a href="/wiki/Union_for_the_Mediterranean" title="Union for the Mediterranean">Union for the Mediterranean</a>, and is currently in the process of joining the <a href="/wiki/OECD" title="OECD">OECD</a>. An active participant in <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_peacekeeping" title="United Nations peacekeeping">United Nations peacekeeping</a>, Croatia contributed troops to the <a href="/wiki/International_Security_Assistance_Force" title="International Security Assistance Force">International Security Assistance Force</a> and was elected to fill a non-permanent seat on the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council" title="United Nations Security Council">United Nations Security Council</a> in the <a href="/wiki/2007_United_Nations_Security_Council_election" title="2007 United Nations Security Council election">2008–2009 term</a> for the first time. Croatia is a <a href="/wiki/Developed_country" title="Developed country">developed country</a> with an advanced <a href="/wiki/World_Bank_high-income_economy" title="World Bank high-income economy">high-income economy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-14">[9]</a> <a href="/wiki/Service_(economics)" title="Service (economics)">Service</a>, <a href="/wiki/Secondary_sector_of_the_economy" title="Secondary sector of the economy">industrial sectors</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Agriculture" title="Agriculture">agriculture</a> dominate the <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Croatia" title="Economy of Croatia">economy</a>. <a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Croatia" title="Tourism in Croatia">Tourism</a> is a significant source of revenue for the country, with nearly 20 million tourist arrivals as of 2019.<a href="#cite_note-15">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-16">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-17">[12]</a> Since the 2000s, the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Croatia" title="Government of Croatia">Croatian government</a> has heavily invested in infrastructure, especially <a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Croatia" title="Transport in Croatia">transport routes and facilities</a> along the <a href="/wiki/Pan-European_corridors" title="Pan-European corridors">Pan-European corridors</a>. Croatia has also positioned itself as a regional energy leader in the early 2020s and is contributing to the diversification of Europe's energy supply via its floating <a href="/wiki/Liquefied_natural_gas" title="Liquefied natural gas">liquefied natural gas</a> import terminal off <a href="/wiki/Krk" title="Krk">Krk</a> island, <a href="/wiki/LNG_Hrvatska" title="LNG Hrvatska">LNG Hrvatska</a>.<a href="#cite_note-lng-18">[13]</a> Croatia provides <a href="/wiki/Welfare_spending" title="Welfare spending">social security</a>, <a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Croatia" title="Healthcare in Croatia">universal health care</a>, and tuition-free <a href="/wiki/Education_in_Croatia" title="Education in Croatia">primary and secondary education</a> while supporting <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Croatia" title="Culture of Croatia">culture</a> through public institutions and corporate investments in <a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_Croatia" title="Mass media in Croatia">media</a> and <a href="/wiki/Croatian_literature" title="Croatian literature">publishing</a>. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Names_of_the_Croats_and_Croatia" title="Names of the Croats and Croatia">Names of the Croats and Croatia</a></div> Croatia's <a href="/wiki/Endonym_and_exonym" title="Endonym and exonym">non-native</a> <a href="/wiki/Names_of_the_Croats_and_Croatia" title="Names of the Croats and Croatia">name</a> derives from <a href="/wiki/Medieval_Latin" title="Medieval Latin">Medieval Latin</a> Croātia, itself a derivation of <a href="/wiki/West_Slavic_languages" title="West Slavic languages">North-West Slavic</a> *Xərwate, by <a href="/wiki/Slavic_liquid_metathesis_and_pleophony" title="Slavic liquid metathesis and pleophony">liquid metathesis</a> from Common Slavic period *Xorvat, from proposed <a href="/wiki/Proto-Slavic_language" title="Proto-Slavic language">Proto-Slavic</a> <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/x%D1%8Arvat%D1%8A" class="extiw" title="wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/xъrvatъ">*Xъrvátъ</a> which possibly comes from the 3rd-century <a href="/wiki/Scythian_languages" title="Scythian languages">Scytho-Sarmatian</a> form attested in the <a href="/wiki/Tanais_Tablets" title="Tanais Tablets">Tanais Tablets</a> as Χοροάθος (Khoroáthos, alternate forms comprise Khoróatos and Khoroúathos).<a href="#cite_note-Gluhak-1993-19">[14]</a> The origin of the ethnonym is uncertain, but most probably is from <a href="/wiki/Ossetian_language" title="Ossetian language">Proto-Ossetian</a> / <a href="/wiki/Scythian_languages#Alanian" title="Scythian languages">Alanian</a> *xurvæt- or *xurvāt-, in the meaning of "one who guards" ("guardian, protector").<a href="#cite_note-20">[15]</a> The oldest preserved record of the Croatian ethnonym's native variation *xъrvatъ is of the variable stem, attested in the <a href="/wiki/Ba%C5%A1ka_tablet" title="Baška tablet">Baška tablet</a> in <a href="/wiki/Style_(form_of_address)" title="Style (form of address)">style</a> zvъnъmirъ kralъ xrъvatъskъ ("<a href="/wiki/Demetrius_Zvonimir_of_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="Demetrius Zvonimir of Croatia">Zvonimir</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of rulers of Croatia">Croatian king</a>"),<a href="#cite_note-Fučić-1971-21">[16]</a> while the Latin variation Croatorum is archaeologically confirmed on a church inscription found in <a href="/wiki/Bija%C4%87i" title="Bijaći">Bijaći</a> near <a href="/wiki/Trogir" title="Trogir">Trogir</a> dated to the end of the 8th or early 9th century.<a href="#cite_note-22">[17]</a> The presumably oldest stone <a href="/wiki/Epigraphy" title="Epigraphy">inscription</a> with fully preserved ethnonym is the 9th-century <a href="/wiki/Branimir_inscription" title="Branimir inscription">Branimir inscription</a> found near <a href="/wiki/Benkovac" title="Benkovac">Benkovac</a>, where Duke <a href="/wiki/Branimir_of_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="Branimir of Croatia">Branimir</a> is styled Dux Cruatorvm, likely dated between 879 and 892, during his rule.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMužić2007195–198-23">[18]</a> The Latin term Chroatorum is attributed to a charter of Duke <a href="/wiki/Trpimir_I_of_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="Trpimir I of Croatia">Trpimir I of Croatia</a>, dated to 852 in a 1568 copy of a lost original, but it is not certain if the original was indeed older than the Branimir inscription.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMužić200727-24">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMužić2007171-25">[20]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Croatia" title="History of Croatia">History of Croatia</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prehistory_and_antiquity">Prehistory and antiquity</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Croatia_before_the_Croats" title="History of Croatia before the Croats">History of Croatia before the Croats</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:111px;max-width:111px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:156px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:ZGvucdove.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Ceramic sculpture" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/ZGvucdove.jpg/109px-ZGvucdove.jpg" decoding="async" width="109" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/ZGvucdove.jpg/164px-ZGvucdove.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/ZGvucdove.jpg/218px-ZGvucdove.jpg 2x" data-file-width="615" data-file-height="880" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:107px;max-width:107px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:156px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Croatian_Apoxyomenos_Louvre_n04.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Stone Sculpture" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Croatian_Apoxyomenos_Louvre_n04.jpg/105px-Croatian_Apoxyomenos_Louvre_n04.jpg" decoding="async" width="105" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Croatian_Apoxyomenos_Louvre_n04.jpg/158px-Croatian_Apoxyomenos_Louvre_n04.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Croatian_Apoxyomenos_Louvre_n04.jpg/210px-Croatian_Apoxyomenos_Louvre_n04.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3337" data-file-height="5001" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">Left: The <a href="/wiki/Vu%C4%8Dedol_dove" class="mw-redirect" title="Vučedol dove">Vučedol dove</a>, a sculpture from 2800–2500 BC. Right: <a href="/wiki/Croatian_Apoxyomenos" title="Croatian Apoxyomenos">Croatian Apoxyomenos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">Ancient Greek</a> statue, 2nd or 1st century BC.</div></div></div></div> The area known as Croatia today was inhabited throughout the <a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Prehistoric period">prehistoric period</a>. <a href="/wiki/Neanderthal" title="Neanderthal">Neanderthal</a> fossils dating to the middle <a href="/wiki/Palaeolithic" class="mw-redirect" title="Palaeolithic">Palaeolithic</a> period were unearthed in northern Croatia, best presented at the <a href="/wiki/Krapina_Neanderthal_site" title="Krapina Neanderthal site">Krapina site</a>.<a href="#cite_note-26">[21]</a> Remnants of <a href="/wiki/Neolithic" title="Neolithic">Neolithic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chalcolithic" title="Chalcolithic">Chalcolithic</a> cultures were found in all regions.<a href="#cite_note-27">[22]</a> The largest proportion of sites is in the valleys of northern Croatia. The most significant are <a href="/wiki/Baden_culture" title="Baden culture">Baden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Star%C4%8Devo_culture" title="Starčevo culture">Starčevo</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Vu%C4%8Dedol_culture" title="Vučedol culture">Vučedol cultures</a>.<a href="#cite_note-28">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-29">[24]</a> <a href="/wiki/Iron_Age" title="Iron Age">Iron Age</a> hosted the early Illyrian <a href="/wiki/Hallstatt_culture" title="Hallstatt culture">Hallstatt culture</a> and the Celtic <a href="/wiki/La_T%C3%A8ne_culture" title="La Tène culture">La Tène culture</a>.<a href="#cite_note-30">[25]</a> The region of modern-day Croatia was settled by <a href="/wiki/Illyrians" title="Illyrians">Illyrians</a> and <a href="/wiki/Liburnians" title="Liburnians">Liburnians</a>, while the first Greek colonies were established on the islands of <a href="/wiki/Hvar" title="Hvar">Hvar</a>,<a href="#cite_note-31">[26]</a> <a href="/wiki/Kor%C4%8Dula" title="Korčula">Korčula</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Vis_(island)" title="Vis (island)">Vis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-32">[27]</a> In 9 AD, the territory of today's Croatia became part of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a>. Emperor <a href="/wiki/Diocletian" title="Diocletian">Diocletian</a> was native to the region. He <a href="/wiki/Diocletian%27s_Palace" title="Diocletian's Palace">had a large palace built</a> in <a href="/wiki/Split,_Croatia" title="Split, Croatia">Split</a>, to which he retired after abdicating in AD 305.<a href="#cite_note-33">[28]</a> During the 5th century, the <a href="/wiki/Last_de_jure_Western_Roman_Emperor" class="mw-redirect" title="Last de jure Western Roman Emperor">last de jure Western Roman Emperor</a> <a href="/wiki/Julius_Nepos" title="Julius Nepos">Julius Nepos</a> ruled a small realm from the palace after fleeing Italy in 475.<a href="#cite_note-34">[29]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Middle_Ages">Middle Ages</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Croatia" title="Duchy of Croatia">Duchy of Croatia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Croatia_(925%E2%80%931102)" title="Kingdom of Croatia (925–1102)">Kingdom of Croatia (925–1102)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Croatia_(1102%E2%80%931526)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Croatia (1102–1526)">Kingdom of Croatia (1102–1526)</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ragusa" title="Republic of Ragusa">Republic of Ragusa</a></div> The Roman period ends with <a href="/wiki/Avars_(Carpathians)" class="mw-redirect" title="Avars (Carpathians)">Avar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Croat" class="mw-redirect" title="Croat">Croat</a> invasions in the late 6th and first half of the 7th century and the destruction of almost all Roman towns. Roman survivors retreated to more favourable sites on the coast, islands, and mountains. The city of <a href="/wiki/Dubrovnik" title="Dubrovnik">Dubrovnik</a> was founded by such survivors from <a href="/wiki/Epidaurum" title="Epidaurum">Epidaurum</a>.<a href="#cite_note-AAPatton-35">[30]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Balkans925.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Balkans925.png/240px-Balkans925.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="308" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Balkans925.png/360px-Balkans925.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/21/Balkans925.png 2x" data-file-width="472" data-file-height="605" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Croatia_(925%E2%80%931102)" title="Kingdom of Croatia (925–1102)">Kingdom of Croatia</a> c. 925, during the reign of <a href="/wiki/King_Tomislav" class="mw-redirect" title="King Tomislav">King Tomislav</a></figcaption></figure> There's some uncertainty about the <a href="/wiki/Origin_hypotheses_of_the_Croats" title="Origin hypotheses of the Croats">ethnogenesis of Croats</a>. The most accepted theory, the Slavic theory, proposes migration of <a href="/wiki/White_Croats" title="White Croats">White Croats</a> from <a href="/wiki/White_Croatia" title="White Croatia">White Croatia</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Migration_Period" title="Migration Period">Migration Period</a>. Conversely, the Iranian theory proposes <a href="/wiki/Sarmatian" class="mw-redirect" title="Sarmatian">Sarmatian</a>-<a href="/wiki/Alans" title="Alans">Alanic</a> origin of Proto-Croats, based on <a href="/wiki/Tanais_Tablets" title="Tanais Tablets">Tanais Tablets</a> containing <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">Ancient Greek</a> inscriptions of given names Χορούαθος, Χοροάθος, and Χορόαθος (Khoroúathos, Khoroáthos, and Khoróathos) and their interpretation as <a href="/wiki/Anthroponym" class="mw-redirect" title="Anthroponym">anthroponyms</a> related to the <a href="/wiki/Names_of_the_Croats_and_Croatia" title="Names of the Croats and Croatia">Croatian ethnonym</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Nikšić-Heršak-36">[31]</a> According to the work <a href="/wiki/De_Administrando_Imperio" title="De Administrando Imperio">De Administrando Imperio</a> written by 10th-century Byzantine Emperor <a href="/wiki/Constantine_VII" title="Constantine VII">Constantine VII</a>, <a href="/wiki/Croats" title="Croats">Croats</a> settled in the <a href="/wiki/Roman_province_of_Dalmatia" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman province of Dalmatia">Roman province of Dalmatia</a> in the first half of the 7th century after they defeated the <a href="/wiki/Pannonian_Avars" title="Pannonian Avars">Avars</a>.<a href="#cite_note-37">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoldstein199913-38">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-39">[34]</a> Although there exist some scholarly disputes about the account's reliability and interpretation,<a href="#cite_note-40">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-41">[36]</a> recent archaeological data has established that the migration and settlement of the Slavs/Croats was in the late 6th and early 7th century.<a href="#cite_note-Belos00-42">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-43">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-44">[39]</a> Eventually, a <a href="/wiki/Dukedom_(administrative_division)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dukedom (administrative division)">dukedom</a> was formed, <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Croatia" title="Duchy of Croatia">Duchy of Croatia</a>, ruled by <a href="/wiki/Borna_(duke)" title="Borna (duke)">Borna</a>, as attested by chronicles of <a href="/wiki/Einhard" title="Einhard">Einhard</a> starting in 818. The record represents the first document of Croatian realms, <a href="/wiki/Vassal_states" class="mw-redirect" title="Vassal states">vassal states</a> of <a href="/wiki/Francia" title="Francia">Francia</a> at the time.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMužić2007157–160-45">[40]</a> Its neighbor to the North was <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Lower_Pannonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Principality of Lower Pannonia">Principality of Lower Pannonia</a>, at the time ruled by duke <a href="/wiki/Ljudevit_(Lower_Pannonia)" title="Ljudevit (Lower Pannonia)">Ljudevit</a> who ruled the territories between the <a href="/wiki/Drava" title="Drava">Drava</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sava" title="Sava">Sava</a> rivers, centred from his fort at <a href="/wiki/Sisak" title="Sisak">Sisak</a>. This population and territory throughout history was tightly related and connected to Croats and Croatia.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBudak2018178–185-46">[41]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Oton_Ivekovic,_Krunidba_kralja_Tomislava.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Oton_Ivekovic%2C_Krunidba_kralja_Tomislava.jpg/220px-Oton_Ivekovic%2C_Krunidba_kralja_Tomislava.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Oton_Ivekovic%2C_Krunidba_kralja_Tomislava.jpg/330px-Oton_Ivekovic%2C_Krunidba_kralja_Tomislava.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Oton_Ivekovic%2C_Krunidba_kralja_Tomislava.jpg/440px-Oton_Ivekovic%2C_Krunidba_kralja_Tomislava.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1098" data-file-height="682" /></a><figcaption>Coronation of <a href="/wiki/King_Tomislav" class="mw-redirect" title="King Tomislav">King Tomislav</a> by <a href="/wiki/Oton_Ivekovi%C4%87" title="Oton Iveković">Oton Iveković</a></figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Christianisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Christianisation">Christianisation</a> of Croats began in the 7th century at the time of archon <a href="/wiki/Porga_of_Croatia" title="Porga of Croatia">Porga of Croatia</a>, initially probably encompassed only the elite and related people,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBudak2018144–145-47">[42]</a> but mostly finished by the 9th century.<a href="#cite_note-48">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-49">[44]</a> The Frankish overlordship ended during the reign of <a href="/wiki/Mislav_of_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="Mislav of Croatia">Mislav</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMužić2007169–170-50">[45]</a> or his successor <a href="/wiki/Trpimir_I_of_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="Trpimir I of Croatia">Trpimir I</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBudak2018106-51">[46]</a> The native Croatian royal dynasty was founded by duke Trpimir I in the mid 9th century, who defeated the Byzantine and Bulgarian forces.<a href="#cite_note-52">[47]</a> The first native Croatian ruler recognised by the Pope was duke <a href="/wiki/Branimir_of_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="Branimir of Croatia">Branimir</a>, who received papal recognition from <a href="/wiki/Pope_John_VIII" title="Pope John VIII">Pope John VIII</a> on 7 June 879.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMužić2007195–198-23">[18]</a> <a href="/wiki/Tomislav_of_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="Tomislav of Croatia">Tomislav</a> was the first <a href="/wiki/King_of_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Croatia">king of Croatia</a>, noted as such in a letter of <a href="/wiki/Pope_John_X" title="Pope John X">Pope John X</a> in 925. Tomislav defeated Hungarian and Bulgarian invasions.<a href="#cite_note-Posavec-53">[48]</a> The medieval Croatian kingdom reached its peak in the 11th century during the reigns of <a href="/wiki/Petar_Kre%C5%A1imir_IV" class="mw-redirect" title="Petar Krešimir IV">Petar Krešimir IV</a> (1058–1074) and <a href="/wiki/Dmitar_Zvonimir" class="mw-redirect" title="Dmitar Zvonimir">Dmitar Zvonimir</a> (1075–1089).<a href="#cite_note-Margetić-54">[49]</a> When <a href="/wiki/Stephen_II_of_Croatia" title="Stephen II of Croatia">Stjepan II</a> died in 1091, ending the Trpimirović dynasty, Dmitar Zvonimir's brother-in-law <a href="/wiki/Ladislaus_I_of_Hungary" title="Ladislaus I of Hungary">Ladislaus I of Hungary</a> claimed the Croatian crown. This led to a <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gvozd_Mountain" title="Battle of Gvozd Mountain">war</a> and <a href="/wiki/Personal_union_of_Croatia_and_Hungary" class="mw-redirect" title="Personal union of Croatia and Hungary">personal union with Hungary</a> in 1102 under <a href="/wiki/Coloman,_King_of_Hungary" title="Coloman, King of Hungary">Coloman</a>.<a href="#cite_note-HR-HU-Heka-55">[50]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Union_with_Hungary_and_Austria">Union with Hungary and Austria</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Croatia_(Habsburg)" title="Kingdom of Croatia (Habsburg)">Kingdom of Croatia (Habsburg)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary">Austria-Hungary</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Croatian%E2%80%93Ottoman_wars" title="Croatian–Ottoman wars">Croatian–Ottoman wars</a></div> For the next four centuries, the Kingdom of Croatia was ruled by the <a href="/wiki/Sabor" class="mw-redirect" title="Sabor">Sabor</a> (parliament) and a <a href="/wiki/Ban_of_Croatia" title="Ban of Croatia">Ban</a> (viceroy) appointed by the king.<a href="#cite_note-Povijest-saborovanja-56">[51]</a> This period saw the rise of influential nobility such as the <a href="/wiki/Frankopan" class="mw-redirect" title="Frankopan">Frankopan</a> and <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0ubi%C4%87" class="mw-redirect" title="Šubić">Šubić</a> families to prominence, and ultimately numerous Bans from the two families.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFont200517-57">[52]</a> An increasing threat of <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman</a> conquest and a struggle against the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Venice" title="Republic of Venice">Republic of Venice</a> for control of coastal areas ensued. The Venetians controlled most of Dalmatia by 1428, except the <a href="/wiki/City-state_of_Dubrovnik" class="mw-redirect" title="City-state of Dubrovnik">city-state of Dubrovnik</a>, which became independent. <a href="/wiki/Hundred_Years%27_Croatian%E2%80%93Ottoman_War" title="Hundred Years' Croatian–Ottoman War">Ottoman conquests</a> led to the 1493 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Krbava_field" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Krbava field">Battle of Krbava field</a> and the 1526 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Moh%C3%A1cs" title="Battle of Mohács">Battle of Mohács</a>, both ending in decisive Ottoman victories. King <a href="/wiki/Louis_II_of_Hungary" title="Louis II of Hungary">Louis II</a> died at Mohács, and in 1527, the <a href="/wiki/Croatian_Parliament_met_in_Cetin" class="mw-redirect" title="Croatian Parliament met in Cetin">Croatian Parliament met in Cetin</a> and chose Ferdinand I of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Habsburg" title="House of Habsburg">House of Habsburg</a> as the new ruler of Croatia, under the condition that he protects Croatia against the Ottoman Empire while respecting its political rights.<a href="#cite_note-Povijest-saborovanja-56">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrucht2005422–423-58">[53]</a> Following the decisive Ottoman victories, Croatia was split into civilian and military territories in 1538. The military territories became known as the <a href="/wiki/Croatian_Military_Frontier" title="Croatian Military Frontier">Croatian Military Frontier</a> and were under direct Habsburg control. Ottoman advances in Croatia continued until the 1593 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Sisak" title="Battle of Sisak">Battle of Sisak</a>, the first decisive Ottoman defeat, when borders stabilised.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrucht2005422–423-58">[53]</a> During the <a href="/wiki/Great_Turkish_War" title="Great Turkish War">Great Turkish War</a> (1683–1698), <a href="/wiki/Slavonia" title="Slavonia">Slavonia</a> was regained, but western <a href="/wiki/Bosnia_(region)" title="Bosnia (region)">Bosnia</a>, which had been part of Croatia before the Ottoman conquest, remained outside Croatian control.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrucht2005422–423-58">[53]</a> The present-day border between the two countries is a remnant of this outcome. <a href="/wiki/Dalmatia" title="Dalmatia">Dalmatia</a>, the southern part of the border, was similarly defined by the <a href="/wiki/Cretan_War_(1645%E2%80%931669)" title="Cretan War (1645–1669)">Fifth</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Seventh_Ottoman%E2%80%93Venetian_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Seventh Ottoman–Venetian Wars">Seventh Ottoman–Venetian Wars</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELane1973409-59">[54]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dragutin_Weing%C3%A4rtner,_Hrvatski_sabor_1848._god.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Dragutin_Weing%C3%A4rtner%2C_Hrvatski_sabor_1848._god.jpg/220px-Dragutin_Weing%C3%A4rtner%2C_Hrvatski_sabor_1848._god.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Dragutin_Weing%C3%A4rtner%2C_Hrvatski_sabor_1848._god.jpg/330px-Dragutin_Weing%C3%A4rtner%2C_Hrvatski_sabor_1848._god.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Dragutin_Weing%C3%A4rtner%2C_Hrvatski_sabor_1848._god.jpg/440px-Dragutin_Weing%C3%A4rtner%2C_Hrvatski_sabor_1848._god.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1199" data-file-height="823" /></a><figcaption>Ban <a href="/wiki/Josip_Jela%C4%8Di%C4%87" title="Josip Jelačić">Josip Jelačić</a> at the opening of the first modern <a href="/wiki/Croatian_Parliament" title="Croatian Parliament">Croatian Parliament</a> (Sabor), June 5, 1848. The Croatian tricolour flag can be seen in the background.</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Croatian%E2%80%93Ottoman_wars" title="Croatian–Ottoman wars">Ottoman wars</a> drove demographic changes. During the 16th century, Croats from western and northern <a href="/wiki/Bosnia_(region)" title="Bosnia (region)">Bosnia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lika" title="Lika">Lika</a>, <a href="/wiki/Krbava" title="Krbava">Krbava</a>, the area between the rivers <a href="/wiki/Una_(Sava)" title="Una (Sava)">Una</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kupa" title="Kupa">Kupa</a>, and especially from western <a href="/wiki/Slavonia" title="Slavonia">Slavonia</a>, migrated towards <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a>. Present-day <a href="/wiki/Burgenland_Croats" title="Burgenland Croats">Burgenland Croats</a> are direct descendants of these settlers.<a href="#cite_note-60">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-61">[56]</a> To replace the fleeing population, the Habsburgs encouraged Bosnians to provide military service in the <a href="/wiki/Military_Frontier" title="Military Frontier">Military Frontier</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Croatian_Parliament" title="Croatian Parliament">Croatian Parliament</a> supported <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Charles_VI" class="mw-redirect" title="Emperor Charles VI">King Charles III</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Pragmatic_Sanction_of_1713" title="Pragmatic Sanction of 1713">Pragmatic Sanction</a> and signed their own <a href="/wiki/Pragmatic_Sanction_in_1712" class="mw-redirect" title="Pragmatic Sanction in 1712">Pragmatic Sanction in 1712</a>.<a href="#cite_note-62">[57]</a> Subsequently, the emperor pledged to respect all privileges and political rights of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Croatia_(Habsburg)" title="Kingdom of Croatia (Habsburg)">Kingdom of Croatia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Queen_Maria_Theresa" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen Maria Theresa">Queen Maria Theresa</a> made significant contributions to Croatian affairs, such as introducing compulsory education. <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_the_Kingdom_of_Croatia-Slavonia_(1885).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Map_of_the_Kingdom_of_Croatia-Slavonia_%281885%29.png/220px-Map_of_the_Kingdom_of_Croatia-Slavonia_%281885%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="204" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Map_of_the_Kingdom_of_Croatia-Slavonia_%281885%29.png/330px-Map_of_the_Kingdom_of_Croatia-Slavonia_%281885%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Map_of_the_Kingdom_of_Croatia-Slavonia_%281885%29.png/440px-Map_of_the_Kingdom_of_Croatia-Slavonia_%281885%29.png 2x" data-file-width="542" data-file-height="502" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Croatia-Slavonia" title="Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia">Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia</a> was an autonomous kingdom within <a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary">Austria-Hungary</a> created in 1868 following the <a href="/wiki/Croatian%E2%80%93Hungarian_Settlement" title="Croatian–Hungarian Settlement">Croatian–Hungarian Settlement</a>.</figcaption></figure> Between 1797 and 1809, the <a href="/wiki/First_French_Empire" title="First French Empire">First French Empire</a> increasingly occupied the eastern <a href="/wiki/Adriatic" class="mw-redirect" title="Adriatic">Adriatic</a> coastline and its hinterland, ending the Venetian and the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ragusa" title="Republic of Ragusa">Ragusan republics</a>, establishing the <a href="/wiki/Illyrian_Provinces" title="Illyrian Provinces">Illyrian Provinces</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrucht2005422–423-58">[53]</a> In response, the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Navy" title="Royal Navy">Royal Navy</a> <a href="/wiki/Blockade_of_the_Adriatic_Sea" class="mw-redirect" title="Blockade of the Adriatic Sea">blockaded the Adriatic Sea</a>, leading to the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lissa_(1811)" title="Battle of Lissa (1811)">Battle of Vis</a> in 1811.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAdkinsAdkins2008359–362-63">[58]</a> The Illyrian provinces were captured by the Austrians in 1813 and absorbed by the <a href="/wiki/Austrian_Empire" title="Austrian Empire">Austrian Empire</a> following the <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Vienna" title="Congress of Vienna">Congress of Vienna</a> in 1815. This led to the formation of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Dalmatia" title="Kingdom of Dalmatia">Kingdom of Dalmatia</a> and the restoration of the <a href="/wiki/Croatian_Littoral" title="Croatian Littoral">Croatian Littoral</a> to the Kingdom of Croatia under one crown.<a href="#cite_note-64">[59]</a> The 1830s and 1840s featured <a href="/wiki/Romantic_nationalism" title="Romantic nationalism">romantic nationalism</a> that inspired the <a href="/wiki/Croatian_National_Revival" class="mw-redirect" title="Croatian National Revival">Croatian National Revival</a>, a political and cultural campaign advocating the unity of <a href="/wiki/South_Slavs" title="South Slavs">South Slavs</a> within the empire. Its primary focus was establishing a standard language as a counterweight to <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_language" title="Hungarian language">Hungarian</a> while promoting <a href="/wiki/Croatian_literature" title="Croatian literature">Croatian literature</a> and culture.<a href="#cite_note-CRIS-Stančić-65">[60]</a> During the <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Revolution_of_1848" title="Hungarian Revolution of 1848">Hungarian Revolution of 1848</a>, Croatia sided with Austria. Ban <a href="/wiki/Josip_Jela%C4%8Di%C4%87" title="Josip Jelačić">Josip Jelačić</a> helped defeat the Hungarians in 1849 and ushered in a <a href="/wiki/Germanisation" title="Germanisation">Germanisation</a> policy.<a href="#cite_note-66">[61]</a> By the 1860s, the failure of the policy became apparent, leading to the <a href="/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_Compromise_of_1867" title="Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867">Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867</a>. The creation of a <a href="/wiki/Personal_union" title="Personal union">personal union</a> between the Austrian Empire and the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hungary" title="Kingdom of Hungary">Kingdom of Hungary</a> followed. The treaty left Croatia's status to Hungary, which was resolved by the <a href="/wiki/Croatian%E2%80%93Hungarian_Settlement" title="Croatian–Hungarian Settlement">Croatian–Hungarian Settlement</a> of 1868 when the kingdoms of Croatia and Slavonia were united.<a href="#cite_note-67">[62]</a> The Kingdom of Dalmatia remained under de facto Austrian control, while <a href="/wiki/Rijeka" title="Rijeka">Rijeka</a> retained the status of <a href="/wiki/Corpus_separatum_(Fiume)" title="Corpus separatum (Fiume)">corpus separatum</a> previously introduced in 1779.<a href="#cite_note-HR-HU-Heka-55">[50]</a> After <a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary">Austria-Hungary</a> <a href="/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_rule_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Austro-Hungarian rule in Bosnia and Herzegovina">occupied Bosnia and Herzegovina</a> following the <a href="/wiki/1878_Treaty_of_Berlin" class="mw-redirect" title="1878 Treaty of Berlin">1878 Treaty of Berlin</a>, the Military Frontier was abolished. The Croatian and <a href="/wiki/Slavonian_Military_Frontier" title="Slavonian Military Frontier">Slavonian</a> sectors of the Frontier returned to Croatia in 1881,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrucht2005422–423-58">[53]</a> under provisions of the Croatian–Hungarian Settlement.<a href="#cite_note-68">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-Dubravica-69">[64]</a> Renewed efforts to <a href="/wiki/Reform_Austria-Hungary" class="mw-redirect" title="Reform Austria-Hungary">reform Austria-Hungary</a>, entailing <a href="/wiki/Federalisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Federalisation">federalisation</a> with Croatia as a federal unit, were stopped by <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>.<a href="#cite_note-70">[65]</a> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_World_Wars_and_Yugoslavia">The World Wars and Yugoslavia</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Creation_of_Yugoslavia" title="Creation of Yugoslavia">Creation of Yugoslavia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia" title="Kingdom of Yugoslavia">Kingdom of Yugoslavia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Banovina_of_Croatia" title="Banovina of Croatia">Banovina of Croatia</a>, <a href="/wiki/World_War_II_in_Yugoslavia" title="World War II in Yugoslavia">World War II in Yugoslavia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Republic_of_Croatia" title="Socialist Republic of Croatia">Socialist Republic of Croatia</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:224px;max-width:224px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Demonstracije_u_Zagrebu_1918.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Demonstracije_u_Zagrebu_1918.jpg/220px-Demonstracije_u_Zagrebu_1918.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Demonstracije_u_Zagrebu_1918.jpg/330px-Demonstracije_u_Zagrebu_1918.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Demonstracije_u_Zagrebu_1918.jpg/440px-Demonstracije_u_Zagrebu_1918.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1964" data-file-height="1301" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Mass protests in Zagreb against the unification of the <a href="/wiki/State_of_Slovenes,_Croats_and_Serbs" title="State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs">State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Serbia" title="Kingdom of Serbia">Kingdom of Serbia</a> in 1918</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Radic_govori_na_skupstini.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Radic_govori_na_skupstini.jpg/220px-Radic_govori_na_skupstini.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Radic_govori_na_skupstini.jpg/330px-Radic_govori_na_skupstini.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Radic_govori_na_skupstini.jpg/440px-Radic_govori_na_skupstini.jpg 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="312" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Stjepan_Radi%C4%87" title="Stjepan Radić">Stjepan Radić</a>, leader of the <a href="/wiki/Croatian_Peasant_Party" title="Croatian Peasant Party">Croatian Peasant Party</a> who advocated federal organisation of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia" title="Kingdom of Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a> at the assembly in <a href="/wiki/Dubrovnik" title="Dubrovnik">Dubrovnik</a>, <a href="/wiki/1928" title="1928">1928</a>. His death at the end of the same year as a result of an assassination in the National Assembly by <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Radical_Party" title="People's Radical Party">NRS</a> member, <a href="/wiki/Serbs" title="Serbs">Serbian</a> nationalist politician <a href="/wiki/Puni%C5%A1a_Ra%C4%8Di%C4%87" title="Puniša Račić">Puniša Račić</a>, leads the country to a serious political crisis.</div></div></div></div></div> On 29 October 1918, the Croatian Parliament (Sabor) declared independence and decided to join the newly formed <a href="/wiki/State_of_Slovenes,_Croats,_and_Serbs" class="mw-redirect" title="State of Slovenes, Croats, and Serbs">State of Slovenes, Croats, and Serbs</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Povijest-saborovanja-56">[51]</a> which in turn entered into union with the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Serbia" title="Kingdom of Serbia">Kingdom of Serbia</a> on 4 December 1918 to form the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Serbs,_Croats,_and_Slovenes" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes">Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes</a>.<a href="#cite_note-71">[66]</a> The Croatian Parliament never ratified the union with Serbia and Montenegro.<a href="#cite_note-Povijest-saborovanja-56">[51]</a> The <a href="/wiki/1921_constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="1921 constitution">1921 constitution</a> defining the country as a <a href="/wiki/Unitary_state" title="Unitary state">unitary state</a> and abolition of Croatian Parliament and historical administrative divisions effectively ended Croatian autonomy. The new constitution was opposed by the most widely supported national political party—the <a href="/wiki/Croatian_Peasant_Party" title="Croatian Peasant Party">Croatian Peasant Party</a> (HSS) led by <a href="/wiki/Stjepan_Radi%C4%87" title="Stjepan Radić">Stjepan Radić</a>.<a href="#cite_note-72">[67]</a> The political situation deteriorated further as Radić was assassinated in the <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Yugoslav Parliament">National Assembly</a> in 1928, culminating in King <a href="/wiki/Alexander_I_of_Yugoslavia" title="Alexander I of Yugoslavia">Alexander I</a>'s establishment of the <a href="/wiki/6_January_Dictatorship" title="6 January Dictatorship">6 January Dictatorship</a> in 1929.<a href="#cite_note-73">[68]</a> The dictatorship formally ended in 1931 when the king imposed a more unitary constitution.<a href="#cite_note-74">[69]</a> The HSS, now led by <a href="/wiki/Vladko_Ma%C4%8Dek" title="Vladko Maček">Vladko Maček</a>, continued to advocate federalisation, resulting in the <a href="/wiki/Cvetkovi%C4%87%E2%80%93Ma%C4%8Dek_Agreement" title="Cvetković–Maček Agreement">Cvetković–Maček Agreement</a> of August 1939 and the autonomous <a href="/wiki/Banovina_of_Croatia" title="Banovina of Croatia">Banovina of Croatia</a>. The Yugoslav government retained control of defence, internal security, foreign affairs, trade, and transport while other matters were left to the Croatian Sabor and a crown-appointed Ban.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKlemenčičŽagar2004121–123-75">[70]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Adolf_Hitler_meets_Ante_Paveli%C4%87.1941.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Adolf_Hitler_meets_Ante_Paveli%C4%87.1941.jpg/220px-Adolf_Hitler_meets_Ante_Paveli%C4%87.1941.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Adolf_Hitler_meets_Ante_Paveli%C4%87.1941.jpg/330px-Adolf_Hitler_meets_Ante_Paveli%C4%87.1941.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Adolf_Hitler_meets_Ante_Paveli%C4%87.1941.jpg/440px-Adolf_Hitler_meets_Ante_Paveli%C4%87.1941.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1734" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Fascist leaders of <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a> and its puppet state <a href="/wiki/Independent_State_of_Croatia" title="Independent State of Croatia">Independent State of Croatia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ante_Paveli%C4%87" title="Ante Pavelić">Ante Pavelić</a>, meeting in <a href="/wiki/Berghof_(residence)" title="Berghof (residence)">Berghof</a> outside <a href="/wiki/Berchtesgaden" title="Berchtesgaden">Berchtesgaden</a>, Germany, 1941</figcaption></figure> In April 1941, <a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Yugoslavia" title="Invasion of Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia was occupied</a> by <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fascist_Italy_(1922%E2%80%931943)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fascist Italy (1922–1943)">Fascist Italy</a>. Following the invasion, a German-Italian installed puppet state named the <a href="/wiki/Independent_State_of_Croatia" title="Independent State of Croatia">Independent State of Croatia</a> (NDH) was established. Most of Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and the region of <a href="/wiki/Syrmia" title="Syrmia">Syrmia</a> were incorporated into this state. Parts of Dalmatia were <a href="/wiki/Treaties_of_Rome_(1941)" title="Treaties of Rome (1941)">annexed by Italy</a>, Hungary annexed the northern Croatian regions of <a href="/wiki/Baranya_(region)" title="Baranya (region)">Baranja</a> and <a href="/wiki/Me%C4%91imurje_(region)" title="Međimurje (region)">Međimurje</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKlemenčičŽagar2004153–156-76">[71]</a> The NDH regime was led by <a href="/wiki/Ante_Paveli%C4%87" title="Ante Pavelić">Ante Pavelić</a> and ultranationalist <a href="/wiki/Usta%C5%A1e" title="Ustaše">Ustaše</a>, a fringe movement in pre-war Croatia.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001337-77">[72]</a> With German and Italian military and political support,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001272-78">[73]</a> the regime introduced <a href="/wiki/Nazi_racial_theories" title="Nazi racial theories">racial laws</a> and launched a <a href="/wiki/Genocide_of_Serbs_in_the_Independent_State_of_Croatia" title="Genocide of Serbs in the Independent State of Croatia">genocide campaign against Serbs</a>, <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Croatia" title="History of the Jews in Croatia">Jews</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Croatia" title="Romani people in Croatia">Roma</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKlemenčičŽagar2004184-79">[74]</a> Many were imprisoned in <a href="/wiki/Concentration_camps_in_the_Independent_State_of_Croatia" title="Concentration camps in the Independent State of Croatia">concentration camps</a>; the largest was the <a href="/wiki/Jasenovac_concentration_camp" title="Jasenovac concentration camp">Jasenovac complex</a>.<a href="#cite_note-logori-80">[75]</a> <a href="/wiki/Croatian_Partisans" title="Croatian Partisans">Anti-fascist Croats</a> were targeted by the regime as well.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoldstein1999138-81">[76]</a> Several <a href="/wiki/Italian_concentration_camps" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian concentration camps">concentration camps</a> (most notably the <a href="/wiki/Rab_concentration_camp" title="Rab concentration camp">Rab</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gonars_concentration_camp" title="Gonars concentration camp">Gonars</a> and <a href="/wiki/Molat_concentration_camp" title="Molat concentration camp">Molat</a> camps) were established in Italian-occupied territories, mostly for <a href="/wiki/Slovenes" title="Slovenes">Slovenes</a> and Croats.<a href="#cite_note-logori-80">[75]</a> At the same time, the Yugoslav Royalist and <a href="/wiki/Serbian_nationalism" title="Serbian nationalism">Serbian nationalist</a> <a href="/wiki/Chetniks" title="Chetniks">Chetniks</a> pursued a <a href="/wiki/Chetnik_war_crimes_in_World_War_II" title="Chetnik war crimes in World War II">genocidal campaign</a> against Croats and <a href="/wiki/Bosniaks" title="Bosniaks">Muslims</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKlemenčičŽagar2004184-79">[74]</a><a href="#cite_note-82">[77]</a> aided by Italy.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001744-83">[78]</a> Nazi German forces committed crimes and reprisals against civilians in retaliation for Partisan actions, such as in the villages of <a href="/wiki/Massacre_of_villages_under_Kame%C5%A1nica" title="Massacre of villages under Kamešnica">Kamešnica</a> and <a href="/wiki/Memorial_Centre_Lipa_Remembers" title="Memorial Centre Lipa Remembers">Lipa</a> in 1944.<a href="#cite_note-84">[79]</a><a href="#cite_note-85">[80]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jela%C4%8Di%C4%87ev_trg_12.5.1945.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Jela%C4%8Di%C4%87ev_trg_12.5.1945.jpg/220px-Jela%C4%8Di%C4%87ev_trg_12.5.1945.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Jela%C4%8Di%C4%87ev_trg_12.5.1945.jpg/330px-Jela%C4%8Di%C4%87ev_trg_12.5.1945.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Jela%C4%8Di%C4%87ev_trg_12.5.1945.jpg/440px-Jela%C4%8Di%C4%87ev_trg_12.5.1945.jpg 2x" data-file-width="748" data-file-height="512" /></a><figcaption>People of Zagreb celebrating <a href="/wiki/Zagreb_in_World_War_II" title="Zagreb in World War II">liberation</a> on 12 May 1945 by <a href="/wiki/Croatian_Partisans" title="Croatian Partisans">Croatian Partisans</a></figcaption></figure> A <a href="/wiki/National_Liberation_Movement_in_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="National Liberation Movement in Croatia">resistance movement</a> emerged. On 22 June 1941,<a href="#cite_note-Pavličević-86">[81]</a> the <a href="/wiki/1st_Sisak_Partisan_Detachment" class="mw-redirect" title="1st Sisak Partisan Detachment">1st Sisak Partisan Detachment</a> was formed near <a href="/wiki/Sisak" title="Sisak">Sisak</a>, the first military unit formed by a resistance movement in <a href="/wiki/German-occupied_Europe" title="German-occupied Europe">occupied Europe</a>.<a href="#cite_note-pavlicevic-2007-87">[82]</a> That sparked the beginning of the <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Partisan" class="mw-redirect" title="Yugoslav Partisan">Yugoslav Partisan</a> movement, a communist, multi-ethnic anti-fascist resistance group led by <a href="/wiki/Josip_Broz_Tito" title="Josip Broz Tito">Josip Broz Tito</a>.<a href="#cite_note-88">[83]</a> In ethnic terms, Croats were the second-largest contributors to the Partisan movement after Serbs.<a href="#cite_note-:1-89">[84]</a> In per capita terms, Croats contributed proportionately to their population within Yugoslavia.<a href="#cite_note-90">[85]</a> By May 1944 (according to Tito), Croats made up 30% of the Partisan's ethnic composition, despite making up 22% of the population.<a href="#cite_note-:1-89">[84]</a> The movement grew fast, and at the <a href="/wiki/Tehran_Conference" title="Tehran Conference">Tehran Conference</a> in December 1943, the Partisans gained recognition from the <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allies</a>.<a href="#cite_note-91">[86]</a><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Event_in_Zagreb_in_honour_of_Tito.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Event_in_Zagreb_in_honour_of_Tito.jpg/220px-Event_in_Zagreb_in_honour_of_Tito.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Event_in_Zagreb_in_honour_of_Tito.jpg/330px-Event_in_Zagreb_in_honour_of_Tito.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Event_in_Zagreb_in_honour_of_Tito.jpg/440px-Event_in_Zagreb_in_honour_of_Tito.jpg 2x" data-file-width="576" data-file-height="431" /></a><figcaption>Cardinal <a href="/wiki/Aloysius_Stepinac" title="Aloysius Stepinac">Aloysius Stepinac</a> with the Croatian communist leader <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Bakari%C4%87" title="Vladimir Bakarić">Vladimir Bakarić</a> at the celebration of <a href="/wiki/International_Workers%27_Day" title="International Workers' Day">May Day</a>, shortly before Stepinac was arrested and convicted by the communists</figcaption></figure> With Allied support in logistics, equipment, training and airpower, and with the assistance of <a href="/wiki/Red_Army" title="Red Army">Soviet troops</a> taking part in the 1944 <a href="/wiki/Belgrade_Offensive" class="mw-redirect" title="Belgrade Offensive">Belgrade Offensive</a>, the Partisans gained control of Yugoslavia and the border regions of <a href="/wiki/Trieste#World_War_II_and_aftermath" title="Trieste">Italy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Carinthia_(state)#From_1920_to_the_Present" class="mw-redirect" title="Carinthia (state)">Austria</a> by May 1945. Members of the <a href="/wiki/Croatian_Armed_Forces_(Independent_State_of_Croatia)" title="Croatian Armed Forces (Independent State of Croatia)">NDH armed forces</a> and other Axis troops, as well as civilians, were in retreat towards Austria. Following their surrender, many were killed in the <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_death_march_of_Nazi_collaborators" class="mw-redirect" title="Yugoslav death march of Nazi collaborators">Yugoslav death march of Nazi collaborators</a>.<a href="#cite_note-92">[87]</a> In the following years, <a href="/wiki/Germans_of_Croatia" title="Germans of Croatia">ethnic Germans</a> faced <a href="/wiki/Flight_and_expulsion_of_Germans_(1944%E2%80%9350)#Yugoslavia" class="mw-redirect" title="Flight and expulsion of Germans (1944–50)">persecution in Yugoslavia</a>, and many were interned.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoldstein1999158-93">[88]</a> The political aspirations of the Partisan movement were reflected in the <a href="/wiki/State_Anti-fascist_Council_for_the_National_Liberation_of_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="State Anti-fascist Council for the National Liberation of Croatia">State Anti-fascist Council for the National Liberation of Croatia</a>, which developed in 1943 as the bearer of Croatian statehood and later transformed into the Parliament in 1945, and <a href="/wiki/AVNOJ" class="mw-redirect" title="AVNOJ">AVNOJ</a>—its counterpart at the Yugoslav level.<a href="#cite_note-94">[89]</a><a href="#cite_note-95">[90]</a> Based on the studies on <a href="/wiki/World_War_II_in_Yugoslavia_casualties" class="mw-redirect" title="World War II in Yugoslavia casualties">wartime and post-war casualties</a> by demographer <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_%C5%BDerjavi%C4%87" title="Vladimir Žerjavić">Vladimir Žerjavić</a> and statistician <a href="/wiki/Bogoljub_Ko%C4%8Dovi%C4%87" title="Bogoljub Kočović">Bogoljub Kočović</a>, a total of 295,000 people from the territory (not including territories <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Peace_with_Italy,_1947" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaty of Peace with Italy, 1947">ceded from Italy</a> after the war) died, which amounted to 7.3% of the population,<a href="#cite_note-96">[91]</a> among whom were 125–137,000 Serbs, 118–124,000 Croats, 16–17,000 Jews, and 15,000 Roma.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEŽerjavić1992159-97">[92]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKočović1985173-98">[93]</a> In addition, from areas joined to Croatia after the war, a total of 32,000 people died, among whom 16,000 were Italians and 15,000 were Croats.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEŽerjavić1993b640–641-99">[94]</a> Approximately 200,000 Croats from the entirety of Yugoslavia (including Croatia) and abroad were killed in total throughout the war and its immediate aftermath, approximately 5.4% of the population.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKočović1985126-100">[95]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGeiger2012117–118-101">[96]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nixontito19712.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Nixontito19712.jpg/220px-Nixontito19712.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Nixontito19712.jpg/330px-Nixontito19712.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Nixontito19712.jpg/440px-Nixontito19712.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2934" data-file-height="1981" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Josip_Broz_Tito" title="Josip Broz Tito">Josip Broz Tito</a> led <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" title="Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a> from 1944 to 1980; Pictured: Tito with the US president <a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Richard Nixon</a> in the <a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a>, 1971</figcaption></figure> After <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, Croatia became a <a href="/wiki/Single-party" class="mw-redirect" title="Single-party">single-party</a> socialist <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Republic_of_Croatia" title="Socialist Republic of Croatia">federal unit</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" title="Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">SFR Yugoslavia</a>, ruled by the <a href="/wiki/League_of_Communists_of_Croatia" title="League of Communists of Croatia">Communists</a>, but having a degree of autonomy within the federation. In 1967, Croatian authors and linguists published a <a href="/wiki/Declaration_on_the_Status_and_Name_of_the_Croatian_Standard_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Declaration on the Status and Name of the Croatian Standard Language">Declaration on the Status and Name of the Croatian Standard Language</a> demanding equal treatment for their language.<a href="#cite_note-Šute-Deklaracija-102">[97]</a> The declaration contributed to a national movement seeking greater civil rights and redistribution of the Yugoslav economy, culminating in the <a href="/wiki/Croatian_Spring" title="Croatian Spring">Croatian Spring</a> of 1971, which was suppressed by Yugoslav leadership.<a href="#cite_note-JL-Savka-103">[98]</a> Still, the <a href="/wiki/1974_Yugoslav_Constitution" title="1974 Yugoslav Constitution">1974 Yugoslav Constitution</a> gave increased autonomy to federal units, basically fulfilling a goal of the Croatian Spring and providing a legal basis for independence of the federative constituents.<a href="#cite_note-Rich-104">[99]</a> Following Tito's death in 1980, the political situation in Yugoslavia deteriorated. National tension was fanned by the 1986 <a href="/wiki/SANU_Memorandum" title="SANU Memorandum">SANU Memorandum</a> and the <a href="/wiki/1989_coups_in_Vojvodina,_Kosovo_and_Montenegro" class="mw-redirect" title="1989 coups in Vojvodina, Kosovo and Montenegro">1989 coups in Vojvodina, Kosovo, and Montenegro</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrucht2005433-105">[100]</a><a href="#cite_note-106">[101]</a> In January 1990, the Communist Party fragmented along national lines, with the Croatian <a href="/wiki/Political_faction" title="Political faction">faction</a> demanding a looser federation.<a href="#cite_note-Pauković-14Congress-2009-107">[102]</a> In the same year, the <a href="/wiki/1990_Croatian_parliamentary_election" title="1990 Croatian parliamentary election">first multi-party elections</a> were held in Croatia, while <a href="/wiki/Franjo_Tu%C4%91man" title="Franjo Tuđman">Franjo Tuđman</a>'s win exacerbated nationalist tensions.<a href="#cite_note-Independent-Tuđman-Obituary-108">[103]</a> Some of the <a href="/wiki/Serbs_in_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="Serbs in Croatia">Serbs in Croatia</a> left Sabor and declared autonomy of the unrecognised <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Serbian_Krajina" title="Republic of Serbian Krajina">Republic of Serbian Krajina</a>, intent on achieving independence from Croatia.<a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-Autonomy-AUG1990-109">[104]</a><a href="#cite_note-EE-CIS-book-110">[105]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Independence">Independence</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Breakup_of_Yugoslavia" title="Breakup of Yugoslavia">Breakup of Yugoslavia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Croatian_War_of_Independence" title="Croatian War of Independence">Croatian War of Independence</a>, <a href="/wiki/Independence_of_Croatia" title="Independence of Croatia">Independence of Croatia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/History_of_Croatia_since_1995" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Croatia since 1995">History of Croatia since 1995</a></div> As tensions rose, Croatia <a href="/wiki/Independence_of_Croatia" title="Independence of Croatia">declared independence</a> on 25 June 1991. However, the full implementation of the declaration only came into effect after a <a href="/wiki/Brioni_Agreement" title="Brioni Agreement">three-month moratorium on the decision</a> on 8 October 1991.<a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-Declaration-26June1991-111">[106]</a><a href="#cite_note-Sabor-Independence-8Oct1991-112">[107]</a> In the meantime, tensions escalated into <a href="/wiki/Croatian_War_of_Independence" title="Croatian War of Independence">overt war</a> when the Serbian-controlled <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_People%27s_Army" title="Yugoslav People's Army">Yugoslav People's Army</a> (JNA) and various Serb paramilitary groups attacked Croatia.<a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-Otkos10-113">[108]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vukovar_Memorial_Cemetery_%E2%80%93_Eternal_Flame,_20150429160745.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Vukovar_Memorial_Cemetery_%E2%80%93_Eternal_Flame%2C_20150429160745.jpg/220px-Vukovar_Memorial_Cemetery_%E2%80%93_Eternal_Flame%2C_20150429160745.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Vukovar_Memorial_Cemetery_%E2%80%93_Eternal_Flame%2C_20150429160745.jpg/330px-Vukovar_Memorial_Cemetery_%E2%80%93_Eternal_Flame%2C_20150429160745.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Vukovar_Memorial_Cemetery_%E2%80%93_Eternal_Flame%2C_20150429160745.jpg/440px-Vukovar_Memorial_Cemetery_%E2%80%93_Eternal_Flame%2C_20150429160745.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1728" data-file-height="1152" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/National_Memorial_Cemetery_of_The_Victims_of_Homeland_War_in_Vukovar" class="mw-redirect" title="National Memorial Cemetery of The Victims of Homeland War in Vukovar">National Memorial Cemetery of The Victims of Homeland War in Vukovar</a>, the central place of holding the <a href="/wiki/Remembrance_Day_(Croatia)" title="Remembrance Day (Croatia)">National Remembrance Day</a>, public holiday on <a href="/wiki/November_18" title="November 18">November 18</a>, for all the victims of the war in Croatia and the <a href="/wiki/Vukovar_massacre" title="Vukovar massacre">Vukovar massacre</a>, one of the symbolic and crucial events in the <a href="/wiki/Croatian_War_of_Independence" title="Croatian War of Independence">Croatian War of Independence</a> <a href="/wiki/1991" title="1991">1991</a></figcaption></figure> By the end of 1991, a high-intensity conflict fought along a wide front reduced Croatia's control to about two-thirds of its territory.<a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-Iceland-114">[109]</a><a href="#cite_note-LATimes-OccupiedPct-1Aug91-115">[110]</a> Serb paramilitary groups then began a campaign of killing, terror, and expulsion of the Croats in the occupied territories, killing thousands<a href="#cite_note-116">[111]</a> of Croat civilians and expelling or displacing as many as 400,000-500,000 Croats and other non-Serbs from their homes.<a href="#cite_note-117">[112]</a><a href="#cite_note-auto-118">[113]</a> Serbs living in Croatian towns, especially those near the front lines, were subjected to various forms of discrimination.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoldstein1999233-119">[114]</a> Croatian Serbs in Eastern and Western Slavonia and parts of the Krajina were forced to flee or were expelled by Croatian forces, though on a restricted scale and in lesser numbers.<a href="#cite_note-120">[115]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Croatia" title="Government of Croatia">Croatian Government</a> publicly deplored these practices and sought to stop them, indicating that they were not a part of the Government's policy.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAllen199646-121">[116]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:16_obljetnica_vojnoredarstvene_operacije_Oluja_05082011_Kninska_tvrdjava_155.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/16_obljetnica_vojnoredarstvene_operacije_Oluja_05082011_Kninska_tvrdjava_155.jpg/260px-16_obljetnica_vojnoredarstvene_operacije_Oluja_05082011_Kninska_tvrdjava_155.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/16_obljetnica_vojnoredarstvene_operacije_Oluja_05082011_Kninska_tvrdjava_155.jpg/390px-16_obljetnica_vojnoredarstvene_operacije_Oluja_05082011_Kninska_tvrdjava_155.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/16_obljetnica_vojnoredarstvene_operacije_Oluja_05082011_Kninska_tvrdjava_155.jpg/520px-16_obljetnica_vojnoredarstvene_operacije_Oluja_05082011_Kninska_tvrdjava_155.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="665" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Army_of_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="Army of Croatia">Croatian soldiers</a> raising the flag on the <a href="/wiki/Knin_fortress" class="mw-redirect" title="Knin fortress">Knin fortress</a> at a commemoration of the <a href="/wiki/Operation_Storm" title="Operation Storm">Operation Storm</a>, the Croatian military action which liberated occupied Croatian territories in <a href="/wiki/1995" title="1995">1995</a></figcaption></figure> On 15 January 1992, Croatia gained <a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_recognition" title="Diplomatic recognition">diplomatic recognition</a> by the <a href="/wiki/European_Economic_Community" title="European Economic Community">European Economic Community</a>, followed by the United Nations.<a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-Germany-23Dec91-122">[117]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYT-UN-membership-123">[118]</a> The war effectively ended in August 1995 with a <a href="/wiki/Operation_Storm" title="Operation Storm">decisive victory</a> by Croatia;<a href="#cite_note-LATimes-Storm-Complete-124">[119]</a> the event is commemorated each year on 5 August as <a href="/wiki/Victory_Day_(Croatia)" title="Victory Day (Croatia)">Victory and Homeland Thanksgiving Day and the Day of Croatian Defenders</a>.<a href="#cite_note-125">[120]</a> Following the Croatian victory, about 200,000 Serbs from the self-proclaimed <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Serbian_Krajina" title="Republic of Serbian Krajina">Republic of Serbian Krajina</a> fled the region<a href="#cite_note-bbc-storm-126">[121]</a> and hundreds of mainly elderly Serb civilians were killed in the aftermath of the military operation, often in revenge attacks. There were instances of their property being looted, seized or burned down. Approximately half have returned since then.<a href="#cite_note-auto-118">[113]</a> Their homes were subsequently settled by Croat refugees from Bosnia and Herzegovina.<a href="#cite_note-127">[122]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">failed verification</a>] The <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Slavonia,_Baranja_and_Western_Syrmia_(1995%E2%80%931998)" title="Eastern Slavonia, Baranja and Western Syrmia (1995–1998)">remaining occupied areas</a> were restored to Croatia following the <a href="/wiki/Erdut_Agreement" title="Erdut Agreement">Erdut Agreement</a> of November 1995, concluding with the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Transitional_Administration_for_Eastern_Slavonia,_Baranja_and_Western_Sirmium" title="United Nations Transitional Administration for Eastern Slavonia, Baranja and Western Sirmium">UNTAES</a> mission in January 1998.<a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-UNTAES-16Jan98-128">[123]</a> Most sources number the war deaths at around 20,000.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated3-129">[124]</a><a href="#cite_note-setimes1-130">[125]</a><a href="#cite_note-tehrantimes1-131">[126]</a> After the end of the war, Croatia faced the challenges of post-war reconstruction, the return of refugees, establishing democracy, protecting human rights, and general social and economic development. The 2000s were characterized by democratization, economic growth, structural and social reforms, and problems such as unemployment, corruption, and the inefficiency of public administration.<a href="#cite_note-132">[127]</a> In November 2000 and March 2001, the Parliament amended the Constitution, first adopted on 22 December 1990, changing its bicameral structure back into its historic unicameral form and reducing presidential powers.<a href="#cite_note-133">[128]</a><a href="#cite_note-134">[129]</a> Croatia joined the <a href="/wiki/Partnership_for_Peace" title="Partnership for Peace">Partnership for Peace</a> on 25 May 2000<a href="#cite_note-135">[130]</a> and became a member of the <a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Organization" title="World Trade Organization">World Trade Organization</a> on 30 November 2000.<a href="#cite_note-136">[131]</a> On 29 October 2001, Croatia signed a <a href="/wiki/Stabilisation_and_Association_Agreement" class="mw-redirect" title="Stabilisation and Association Agreement">Stabilisation and Association Agreement</a> with the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>,<a href="#cite_note-137">[132]</a> submitted a formal application for the EU membership in 2003,<a href="#cite_note-138">[133]</a> was given the status of a candidate country in 2004,<a href="#cite_note-139">[134]</a> and began <a href="/wiki/2013_enlargement_of_the_European_Union#Negotiation_progress" title="2013 enlargement of the European Union">accession negotiations</a> in 2005.<a href="#cite_note-140">[135]</a> Although the Croatian economy had enjoyed a significant boom in the early 2000s, the financial crisis in 2008 forced the government to cut spending, thus provoking a public outcry.<a href="#cite_note-141">[136]</a> Croatia served on the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council" title="United Nations Security Council">United Nations Security Council</a> in the 2008–2009 term for the first time, assuming the non-permanent seat in December 2008.<a href="#cite_note-MVPEI-UNSC-2008-2009-142">[137]</a> On 1 April 2009, Croatia joined <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a>.<a href="#cite_note-143">[138]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tratado_de_Lisboa_13_12_2007_(081).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Tratado_de_Lisboa_13_12_2007_%28081%29.jpg/220px-Tratado_de_Lisboa_13_12_2007_%28081%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Tratado_de_Lisboa_13_12_2007_%28081%29.jpg/330px-Tratado_de_Lisboa_13_12_2007_%28081%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Tratado_de_Lisboa_13_12_2007_%28081%29.jpg/440px-Tratado_de_Lisboa_13_12_2007_%28081%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="521" data-file-height="310" /></a><figcaption>Croatia became the 28th EU member country on 1 July 2013.</figcaption></figure> A wave of anti-government protests in 2011 reflected a general dissatisfaction with the current political and economic situation. The protests brought together diverse political persuasions in response to recent government corruption scandals and called for early elections. On 28 October 2011 <a href="/wiki/List_of_MPs_elected_in_the_Croatian_parliamentary_election,_2007" class="mw-redirect" title="List of MPs elected in the Croatian parliamentary election, 2007">MPs</a> voted to dissolve Parliament and the protests gradually subsided. <a href="/wiki/President_of_Croatia" title="President of Croatia">President</a> Ivo Josipović agreed to a dissolution of <a href="/wiki/Croatian_Parliament" title="Croatian Parliament">Sabor</a> on Monday, 31 October and scheduled new elections for Sunday 4 December 2011.<a href="#cite_note-144">[139]</a><a href="#cite_note-145">[140]</a><a href="#cite_note-146">[141]</a> On 30 June 2011, Croatia successfully completed EU accession negotiations.<a href="#cite_note-EU-Negotiations-Completed-147">[142]</a> The country signed the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Accession_2011" title="Treaty of Accession 2011">Accession Treaty</a> on 9 December 2011 and held a <a href="/wiki/2012_Croatian_European_Union_membership_referendum" title="2012 Croatian European Union membership referendum">referendum</a> on 22 January 2012, where Croatian citizens voted in favor of an EU membership.<a href="#cite_note-EU-Accession-Treaty-148">[143]</a><a href="#cite_note-149">[144]</a> <a href="/wiki/Croatia_joined_the_European_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Croatia joined the European Union">Croatia joined the European Union</a> on 1 July 2013. Croatia was affected by the <a href="/wiki/2015_European_migrant_crisis" title="2015 European migrant crisis">2015 European migrant crisis</a> when Hungary's closure of borders with Serbia pushed over 700,000 refugees and migrants to pass through Croatia on their way to other EU countries.<a href="#cite_note-150">[145]</a> On 19 October 2016, <a href="/wiki/Andrej_Plenkovi%C4%87" title="Andrej Plenković">Andrej Plenković</a> began serving as the current Croatian Prime Minister.<a href="#cite_note-151">[146]</a> The most recent presidential elections, held on 5 January 2020, elected <a href="/wiki/Zoran_Milanovi%C4%87" title="Zoran Milanović">Zoran Milanović</a> as president.<a href="#cite_note-152">[147]</a> On 25 January 2022, the <a href="/wiki/OECD" title="OECD">OECD</a> Council decided to open accession negotiations with Croatia. Throughout the accession process, Croatia was to implement numerous reforms that will advance all spheres of activity – from public services and the justice system to education, transport, finance, health, and trade. In line with the OECD Accession Roadmap from June 2022, Croatia will undergo technical reviews by 25 OECD committees and is so far progressing at a faster pace than expected. Full membership is expected in 2025 and is the last big foreign policy goal Croatia still has to achieve.<a href="#cite_note-153">[148]</a><a href="#cite_note-154">[149]</a><a href="#cite_note-155">[150]</a><a href="#cite_note-156">[151]</a> On 1 January 2023, Croatia adopted the <a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">euro</a> as its official currency, replacing the <a href="/wiki/Croatian_kuna" title="Croatian kuna">kuna</a>, and became the 20th <a href="/wiki/Eurozone" title="Eurozone">Eurozone</a> member. On the same day, Croatia became the 27th member of the border-free <a href="/wiki/Schengen_Area" title="Schengen Area">Schengen Area</a>, thus marking its full EU integration.<a href="#cite_note-157">[152]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Croatia" title="Geography of Croatia">Geography of Croatia</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Satellite_image_of_Croatia_in_September_2003.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Satellite_image_of_Croatia_in_September_2003.jpg/220px-Satellite_image_of_Croatia_in_September_2003.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="213" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Satellite_image_of_Croatia_in_September_2003.jpg/330px-Satellite_image_of_Croatia_in_September_2003.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Satellite_image_of_Croatia_in_September_2003.jpg/440px-Satellite_image_of_Croatia_in_September_2003.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2172" data-file-height="2100" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Croatia" title="Geography of Croatia">Satellite image of Croatia</a></figcaption></figure> Croatia is situated in <a href="/wiki/Central_Europe" title="Central Europe">Central</a> and Southeast Europe, on the coast of the <a href="/wiki/Adriatic_Sea" title="Adriatic Sea">Adriatic Sea</a>. Hungary is to the northeast, <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a> to the east, <a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a> and <a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a> to the southeast and <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a> to the northwest.<a href="#cite_note-158">[153]</a>It lies mostly between latitudes <a href="/wiki/42nd_parallel_north" title="42nd parallel north">42°</a> and <a href="/wiki/47%C2%B0_N" class="mw-redirect" title="47° N">47° N</a> and longitudes <a href="/wiki/13th_meridian_east" title="13th meridian east">13°</a> and <a href="/wiki/20%C2%B0_E" class="mw-redirect" title="20° E">20° E</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE2018_Statistical_Yearbook_of_the_Republic_of_Croatia44-159">[154]</a> Part of the territory in the extreme south surrounding <a href="/wiki/Dubrovnik" title="Dubrovnik">Dubrovnik</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Practical_exclave" class="mw-redirect" title="Practical exclave">practical exclave</a> connected to the rest of the mainland by <a href="/wiki/Territorial_waters" title="Territorial waters">territorial waters</a>, but separated on land by a short coastline strip belonging to Bosnia and Herzegovina around <a href="/wiki/Neum" title="Neum">Neum</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Pelje%C5%A1ac_Bridge" title="Pelješac Bridge">Pelješac Bridge</a> connects the exclave with mainland Croatia.<a href="#cite_note-160">[155]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dugi_otok_island.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Dugi_otok_island.jpg/220px-Dugi_otok_island.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Dugi_otok_island.jpg/330px-Dugi_otok_island.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Dugi_otok_island.jpg/440px-Dugi_otok_island.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1133" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tela%C5%A1%C4%87ica_Nature_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Telašćica Nature Park">Telašćica Nature Park</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:20230429.Donau.zwischen_km_1255_und_1333.-032.1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/20230429.Donau.zwischen_km_1255_und_1333.-032.1.jpg/220px-20230429.Donau.zwischen_km_1255_und_1333.-032.1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/20230429.Donau.zwischen_km_1255_und_1333.-032.1.jpg/330px-20230429.Donau.zwischen_km_1255_und_1333.-032.1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/20230429.Donau.zwischen_km_1255_und_1333.-032.1.jpg/440px-20230429.Donau.zwischen_km_1255_und_1333.-032.1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="9248" data-file-height="5473" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/River_cruise" title="River cruise">Tourist cruise</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Danube" title="Danube">Danube</a> river, eastern <a href="/wiki/Slavonia" title="Slavonia">Slavonia</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aerial_view_of_the_Adriatic_Sea_at_Stiniva_Bay_on_Vis_island_in_Croatia_(48608804397).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Aerial_view_of_the_Adriatic_Sea_at_Stiniva_Bay_on_Vis_island_in_Croatia_%2848608804397%29.jpg/220px-Aerial_view_of_the_Adriatic_Sea_at_Stiniva_Bay_on_Vis_island_in_Croatia_%2848608804397%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Aerial_view_of_the_Adriatic_Sea_at_Stiniva_Bay_on_Vis_island_in_Croatia_%2848608804397%29.jpg/330px-Aerial_view_of_the_Adriatic_Sea_at_Stiniva_Bay_on_Vis_island_in_Croatia_%2848608804397%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Aerial_view_of_the_Adriatic_Sea_at_Stiniva_Bay_on_Vis_island_in_Croatia_%2848608804397%29.jpg/440px-Aerial_view_of_the_Adriatic_Sea_at_Stiniva_Bay_on_Vis_island_in_Croatia_%2848608804397%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5402" data-file-height="3599" /></a><figcaption>Stiniva Bay beach on island of <a href="/wiki/Vis_(island)" title="Vis (island)">Vis</a></figcaption></figure> The territory covers 56,594 square kilometres (21,851 square miles), consisting of 56,414 square kilometres (21,782 square miles) of land and 128 square kilometres (49 square miles) of water. It is the world's 127th largest country.<a href="#cite_note-CIA-161">[156]</a> Elevation ranges from the mountains of the <a href="/wiki/Dinaric_Alps" title="Dinaric Alps">Dinaric Alps</a> with the highest point of the <a href="/wiki/Dinara" title="Dinara">Dinara</a> peak at 1,831 metres (6,007 feet) near the border with Bosnia and Herzegovina in the south<a href="#cite_note-CIA-161">[156]</a> to the shore of the Adriatic Sea which makes up its entire southwest border. Insular Croatia consists of over <a href="/wiki/A_thousand_islands_and_islets" class="mw-redirect" title="A thousand islands and islets">a thousand islands and islets</a> varying in size, 48 of which are <a href="/wiki/List_of_inhabited_islands_of_Croatia" title="List of inhabited islands of Croatia">permanently inhabited</a>. The largest islands are <a href="/wiki/Cres" title="Cres">Cres</a> and <a href="/wiki/Krk" title="Krk">Krk</a>,<a href="#cite_note-CIA-161">[156]</a> each of them having an area of around 405 square kilometres (156 square miles). The hilly northern parts of <a href="/wiki/Hrvatsko_Zagorje" title="Hrvatsko Zagorje">Hrvatsko Zagorje</a> and the flat plains of Slavonia in the east which is part of the <a href="/wiki/Pannonian_Basin" title="Pannonian Basin">Pannonian Basin</a> are traversed by major rivers such as <a href="/wiki/Danube" title="Danube">Danube</a>, <a href="/wiki/Drava" title="Drava">Drava</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kupa" title="Kupa">Kupa</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Sava" title="Sava">Sava</a>. The Danube, Europe's second longest river, runs through the city of <a href="/wiki/Vukovar" title="Vukovar">Vukovar</a> in the extreme east and forms part of the border with <a href="/wiki/Vojvodina" title="Vojvodina">Vojvodina</a>. The central and southern regions near the Adriatic coastline and islands consist of low mountains and forested highlands. Natural resources found in quantities significant enough for production include oil, coal, bauxite, low-grade iron ore, calcium, gypsum, natural asphalt, silica, mica, clays, salt, and hydropower.<a href="#cite_note-CIA-161">[156]</a> <a href="/wiki/Karst_topography" class="mw-redirect" title="Karst topography">Karst topography</a> makes up about half of Croatia and is especially prominent in the Dinaric Alps.<a href="#cite_note-162">[157]</a> Croatia hosts <a href="/wiki/List_of_caves_in_Croatia" title="List of caves in Croatia">deep caves</a>, 49 of which are deeper than 250 m (820.21 ft), 14 deeper than 500 m (1,640.42 ft) and three deeper than 1,000 m (3,280.84 ft). Croatia's most famous lakes are the <a href="/wiki/Plitvice_lakes" class="mw-redirect" title="Plitvice lakes">Plitvice lakes</a>, a system of 16 lakes with waterfalls connecting them over <a href="/wiki/Dolomite_(mineral)" title="Dolomite (mineral)">dolomite</a> and <a href="/wiki/Limestone" title="Limestone">limestone</a> cascades. The lakes are renowned for their distinctive colours, ranging from turquoise to mint green, grey or blue.<a href="#cite_note-BBC-Plitvice-163">[158]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Croatia_K%C3%B6ppen.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Croatia_K%C3%B6ppen.svg/220px-Croatia_K%C3%B6ppen.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="295" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Croatia_K%C3%B6ppen.svg/330px-Croatia_K%C3%B6ppen.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Croatia_K%C3%B6ppen.svg/440px-Croatia_K%C3%B6ppen.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="765" data-file-height="1026" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen-Geiger climate classification</a> map of Croatia</figcaption></figure> Most of Croatia has a moderately warm and rainy <a href="/wiki/Continental_climate" title="Continental climate">continental climate</a> as defined by the <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen climate classification</a>. Mean monthly temperature ranges between −3 <a href="/wiki/Celsius" title="Celsius">°C</a> (27 <a href="/wiki/Fahrenheit" title="Fahrenheit">°F</a>) in January and 18 °C (64 °F) in July. The coldest parts of the country are <a href="/wiki/Lika" title="Lika">Lika</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gorski_Kotar" title="Gorski Kotar">Gorski Kotar</a> featuring a snowy, forested climate at elevations above 1,200 metres (3,900 feet). The warmest areas are at the Adriatic coast and especially in its immediate hinterland characterised by <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_climate" title="Mediterranean climate">Mediterranean climate</a>, as the sea moderates temperature highs. Consequently, temperature peaks are more pronounced in continental areas. The lowest temperature of −35.5 °C (−31.9 °F) was recorded on 3 February 1919 in <a href="/wiki/%C4%8Cakovec" title="Čakovec">Čakovec</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE2018_Statistical_Yearbook_of_the_Republic_of_Croatia40-164">[159]</a> and the highest temperature of 42.8 °C (109.0 °F) was recorded on 4 August 1981 in <a href="/wiki/Plo%C4%8De" title="Ploče">Ploče</a>.<a href="#cite_note-record_temp-165">[160]</a> Mean annual precipitation ranges between 600 millimetres (24 inches) and 3,500 millimetres (140 inches) depending on geographic region and climate type. The least precipitation is recorded in the outer islands (<a href="/wiki/Bi%C5%A1evo" title="Biševo">Biševo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lastovo" title="Lastovo">Lastovo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Svetac" title="Svetac">Svetac</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vis_(island)" title="Vis (island)">Vis</a>) and the eastern parts of Slavonia. However, in the latter case, rain occurs mostly during the <a href="/wiki/Growing_season" title="Growing season">growing season</a>. The maximum precipitation levels are observed in the Dinaric Alps, in the Gorski Kotar peaks of <a href="/wiki/Risnjak" title="Risnjak">Risnjak</a> and <a href="/wiki/Snje%C5%BEnik" class="mw-redirect" title="Snježnik">Snježnik</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE2018_Statistical_Yearbook_of_the_Republic_of_Croatia40-164">[159]</a> Prevailing winds in the interior are light to moderate northeast or southwest, and in the coastal area, prevailing winds are determined by local features. Higher wind velocities are more often recorded in cooler months along the coast, generally as the cool northeasterly <a href="/wiki/Bora_(wind)" title="Bora (wind)">bura</a> or less frequently as the warm southerly <a href="/wiki/Jugo" class="mw-redirect" title="Jugo">jugo</a>. The sunniest parts are the outer islands, Hvar and Korčula, where more than 2700 hours of sunshine are recorded per year, followed by the middle and southern Adriatic Sea area in general, and northern Adriatic coast, all with more than 2000 hours of sunshine per year.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE2018_Statistical_Yearbook_of_the_Republic_of_Croatia41-166">[161]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Biodiversity">Biodiversity</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Protected_areas_of_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="Protected areas of Croatia">Protected areas of Croatia</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Register_of_Protected_Natural_Values_of_Croatia" title="Register of Protected Natural Values of Croatia">Register of Protected Natural Values of Croatia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Natural_and_Cultural_Heritage_of_Croatia" title="Natural and Cultural Heritage of Croatia">Natural and Cultural Heritage of Croatia</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Waterfalls_at_Plitvica_stream_in_Plitvice_Lakes_National_Park,_Croatia_(48607294088).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Waterfalls_at_Plitvica_stream_in_Plitvice_Lakes_National_Park%2C_Croatia_%2848607294088%29.jpg/220px-Waterfalls_at_Plitvica_stream_in_Plitvice_Lakes_National_Park%2C_Croatia_%2848607294088%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Waterfalls_at_Plitvica_stream_in_Plitvice_Lakes_National_Park%2C_Croatia_%2848607294088%29.jpg/330px-Waterfalls_at_Plitvica_stream_in_Plitvice_Lakes_National_Park%2C_Croatia_%2848607294088%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Waterfalls_at_Plitvica_stream_in_Plitvice_Lakes_National_Park%2C_Croatia_%2848607294088%29.jpg/440px-Waterfalls_at_Plitvica_stream_in_Plitvice_Lakes_National_Park%2C_Croatia_%2848607294088%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5464" data-file-height="3640" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Plitvice_Lakes_National_Park" title="Plitvice Lakes National Park">Plitvice Lakes National Park</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RRI-0036-1962_view_to_Motovun.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/RRI-0036-1962_view_to_Motovun.jpg/220px-RRI-0036-1962_view_to_Motovun.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/RRI-0036-1962_view_to_Motovun.jpg/330px-RRI-0036-1962_view_to_Motovun.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/RRI-0036-1962_view_to_Motovun.jpg/440px-RRI-0036-1962_view_to_Motovun.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5466" data-file-height="3070" /></a><figcaption>Landscapes of <a href="/wiki/Motovun" title="Motovun">Motovun</a> in <a href="/wiki/Istria_County" title="Istria County">Istrian peninsula</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gale%C5%A1njak_Island_in_Croatia_(17114069092).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Gale%C5%A1njak_Island_in_Croatia_%2817114069092%29.jpg/220px-Gale%C5%A1njak_Island_in_Croatia_%2817114069092%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Gale%C5%A1njak_Island_in_Croatia_%2817114069092%29.jpg/330px-Gale%C5%A1njak_Island_in_Croatia_%2817114069092%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Gale%C5%A1njak_Island_in_Croatia_%2817114069092%29.jpg/440px-Gale%C5%A1njak_Island_in_Croatia_%2817114069092%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1224" /></a><figcaption>Heart-shaped island of <a href="/wiki/Gale%C5%A1njak" title="Galešnjak">Galešnjak</a></figcaption></figure> Croatia can be subdivided into <a href="/wiki/Ecoregion" title="Ecoregion">ecoregions</a> based on climate and geomorphology. The country is one of the richest in Europe in terms of biodiversity.<a href="#cite_note-167">[162]</a><a href="#cite_note-168">[163]</a> Croatia has four types of biogeographical regions—the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Biogeographic_Region" title="Mediterranean Biogeographic Region">Mediterranean</a> along the coast and in its immediate hinterland, <a href="/wiki/Alpine_Biogeographic_Region" title="Alpine Biogeographic Region">Alpine</a> in most of Lika and Gorski Kotar, <a href="/wiki/Pannonian_Biogeographic_Region" title="Pannonian Biogeographic Region">Pannonian</a> along Drava and Danube, and <a href="/wiki/Continental_Biogeographic_Region" title="Continental Biogeographic Region">Continental</a> in the remaining areas. The most significant are <a href="/wiki/Karst" title="Karst">karst</a> habitats which include submerged karst, such as <a href="/wiki/Zrmanja" title="Zrmanja">Zrmanja</a> and <a href="/wiki/Krka_(Croatia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Krka (Croatia)">Krka</a> canyons and tufa barriers, as well as underground habitats. The country contains three ecoregions: <a href="/wiki/Dinaric_Mountains_mixed_forests" title="Dinaric Mountains mixed forests">Dinaric Mountains mixed forests</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pannonian_mixed_forests" title="Pannonian mixed forests">Pannonian mixed forests</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Illyrian_deciduous_forests" title="Illyrian deciduous forests">Illyrian deciduous forests</a>.<a href="#cite_note-DinersteinOlson2017-169">[164]</a> The karst geology harbours approximately <a href="/wiki/List_of_caves_in_Croatia" title="List of caves in Croatia">7,000 caves and pits</a>, some of which are the habitat of the only known aquatic cave <a href="/wiki/Vertebrate" title="Vertebrate">vertebrate</a>—the <a href="/wiki/Olm" title="Olm">olm</a>. Forests are abundant, covering 2,490,000 hectares (6,200,000 acres) or 44% of Croatian land area. Other habitat types include wetlands, grasslands, bogs, fens, scrub habitats, coastal and marine habitats.<a href="#cite_note-MCult-Biodiversity-170">[165]</a> In terms of <a href="/wiki/Phytogeography" title="Phytogeography">phytogeography</a>, Croatia is a part of the <a href="/wiki/Boreal_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Boreal Kingdom">Boreal Kingdom</a> and is a part of Illyrian and Central European provinces of the <a href="/wiki/Circumboreal_Region" title="Circumboreal Region">Circumboreal Region</a> and the Adriatic province of the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Mediterranean Region">Mediterranean Region</a>. The <a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Fund_for_Nature" title="World Wide Fund for Nature">World Wide Fund for Nature</a> divides Croatia between three ecoregions—Pannonian mixed forests, <a href="/wiki/Dinaric_Mountains_mixed_forests" title="Dinaric Mountains mixed forests">Dinaric Mountains mixed forests</a> and <a href="/wiki/Illyrian_deciduous_forests" title="Illyrian deciduous forests">Illyrian deciduous forests</a>.<a href="#cite_note-DU-Sustdev-171">[166]</a> Croatia hosts 37,000 known plant and animal species, but their actual number is estimated to be between 50,000 and 100,000.<a href="#cite_note-MCult-Biodiversity-170">[165]</a> More than a thousand species are endemic, especially in Velebit and Biokovo mountains, Adriatic islands and karst rivers. Legislation protects 1,131 species.<a href="#cite_note-MCult-Biodiversity-170">[165]</a> The most serious threat is habitat loss and degradation. A further problem is presented by invasive alien species, especially <a href="/wiki/Caulerpa_taxifolia" title="Caulerpa taxifolia">Caulerpa taxifolia</a> algae. Invasive algae are regularly monitored and removed to protect <a href="/wiki/Benthic_habitat" class="mw-redirect" title="Benthic habitat">benthic habitat</a>. Indigenous cultivated plant strains and domesticated animal breeds are numerous. They include five breeds of horses, five of cattle, eight of sheep, two of pigs, and one poultry. Indigenous breeds include nine that are endangered or critically endangered.<a href="#cite_note-MCult-Biodiversity-170">[165]</a> Croatia has 444 <a href="/wiki/Protected_areas_of_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="Protected areas of Croatia">protected areas</a>, encompassing 9% of the country. Those include eight <a href="/wiki/List_of_national_parks_of_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of national parks of Croatia">national parks</a>, two strict reserves, and ten <a href="/wiki/Nature_park" title="Nature park">nature parks</a>. The most famous protected area and the oldest <a href="/wiki/National_park" title="National park">national park</a> in Croatia is <a href="/wiki/Plitvice_Lakes_National_Park" title="Plitvice Lakes National Park">Plitvice Lakes National Park</a>, a <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Sites_in_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="World Heritage Sites in Croatia">UNESCO World Heritage Site</a>. Velebit Nature Park is a part of the UNESCO <a href="/wiki/Man_and_the_Biosphere_Programme" title="Man and the Biosphere Programme">Man and the Biosphere Programme</a>. The strict and special reserves, as well as the national and nature parks, are managed and protected by the central government, while other protected areas are managed by counties. In 2005, the National Ecological Network was set up, as the first step in the preparation of the EU accession and joining of the <a href="/wiki/Natura_2000" title="Natura 2000">Natura 2000</a> network.<a href="#cite_note-MCult-Biodiversity-170">[165]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Governance">Governance</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Croatia" title="Politics of Croatia">Politics of Croatia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Croatia" title="Human rights in Croatia">Human rights in Croatia</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:259px;max-width:259px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:127px;max-width:127px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Zoran_Milanovi%C4%87_at_Palazzo_del_Quirinale_2021_(11)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Zoran Milanović" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Zoran_Milanovi%C4%87_at_Palazzo_del_Quirinale_2021_%2811%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/125px-Zoran_Milanovi%C4%87_at_Palazzo_del_Quirinale_2021_%2811%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="125" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Zoran_Milanovi%C4%87_at_Palazzo_del_Quirinale_2021_%2811%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/188px-Zoran_Milanovi%C4%87_at_Palazzo_del_Quirinale_2021_%2811%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Zoran_Milanovi%C4%87_at_Palazzo_del_Quirinale_2021_%2811%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/250px-Zoran_Milanovi%C4%87_at_Palazzo_del_Quirinale_2021_%2811%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="420" data-file-height="570" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_the_President_of_Croatia.svg/15px-Flag_of_the_President_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_the_President_of_Croatia.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_President_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_the_President_of_Croatia.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_President_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/President_of_Croatia" title="President of Croatia">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Zoran_Milanovi%C4%87" title="Zoran Milanović">Zoran Milanović</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:128px;max-width:128px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Obisk_predsednika_vlade_Hrva%C5%A1ke_Andreja_Plenkovi%C4%87a_-_28._3._2023_(52777071695)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Andrej Plenković" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Obisk_predsednika_vlade_Hrva%C5%A1ke_Andreja_Plenkovi%C4%87a_-_28._3._2023_%2852777071695%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/126px-Obisk_predsednika_vlade_Hrva%C5%A1ke_Andreja_Plenkovi%C4%87a_-_28._3._2023_%2852777071695%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="126" height="169" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Obisk_predsednika_vlade_Hrva%C5%A1ke_Andreja_Plenkovi%C4%87a_-_28._3._2023_%2852777071695%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/189px-Obisk_predsednika_vlade_Hrva%C5%A1ke_Andreja_Plenkovi%C4%87a_-_28._3._2023_%2852777071695%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Obisk_predsednika_vlade_Hrva%C5%A1ke_Andreja_Plenkovi%C4%87a_-_28._3._2023_%2852777071695%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/252px-Obisk_predsednika_vlade_Hrva%C5%A1ke_Andreja_Plenkovi%C4%87a_-_28._3._2023_%2852777071695%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="596" data-file-height="801" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Zastava_predsjednika_Vlade_RH.svg/15px-Zastava_predsjednika_Vlade_RH.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Zastava_predsjednika_Vlade_RH.svg/23px-Zastava_predsjednika_Vlade_RH.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Zastava_predsjednika_Vlade_RH.svg/30px-Zastava_predsjednika_Vlade_RH.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Croatia" title="Prime Minister of Croatia">Prime Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Andrej_Plenkovi%C4%87" title="Andrej Plenković">Andrej Plenković</a></div></div></div></div></div> The Republic of Croatia is a unitary, constitutional state using a <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_system" title="Parliamentary system">parliamentary system</a>. Government powers in Croatia are legislative, executive, and judiciary powers.<a href="#cite_note-VRH-PoliticalStructure-172">[167]</a> The <a href="/wiki/President_of_Croatia" title="President of Croatia">president of the republic</a> (<a href="/wiki/Croatian_language" title="Croatian language">Croatian</a>: Predsjednik Republike) is the <a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">head of state</a>, directly elected to a five-year term and is limited by the Constitution to two terms. In addition to serving as <a href="/wiki/Commander_in_chief" class="mw-redirect" title="Commander in chief">commander in chief</a> of the armed forces, the president has the procedural duty of appointing the prime minister with the parliament and has some influence on foreign policy.<a href="#cite_note-VRH-PoliticalStructure-172">[167]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Croatian_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="Croatian Government">Government</a> is headed by the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Croatia" title="Prime Minister of Croatia">prime minister</a>, who has four deputy prime ministers and 16 ministers in charge of particular sectors.<a href="#cite_note-Govt-Ministers-173">[168]</a> As the <a href="/wiki/Executive_(government)" title="Executive (government)">executive branch</a>, it is responsible for proposing legislation and a budget, enforcing the laws, and guiding foreign and internal policies. The Government is seated at <a href="/wiki/Banski_dvori" class="mw-redirect" title="Banski dvori">Banski dvori</a> in Zagreb.<a href="#cite_note-VRH-PoliticalStructure-172">[167]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Law_and_judicial_system">Law and judicial system</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Law_of_Croatia" title="Law of Croatia">Law of Croatia</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tleft"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:204px;max-width:204px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Sabor-pro%C4%8Delje.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Sabor-pro%C4%8Delje.jpg/200px-Sabor-pro%C4%8Delje.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Sabor-pro%C4%8Delje.jpg/300px-Sabor-pro%C4%8Delje.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Sabor-pro%C4%8Delje.jpg/400px-Sabor-pro%C4%8Delje.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="852" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Parliament" title="Croatian Parliament">Croatian Parliament (Sabor) in Zagreb</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:St._Mark%27s_Square_(13023806233).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/St._Mark%27s_Square_%2813023806233%29.jpg/200px-St._Mark%27s_Square_%2813023806233%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/St._Mark%27s_Square_%2813023806233%29.jpg/300px-St._Mark%27s_Square_%2813023806233%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/St._Mark%27s_Square_%2813023806233%29.jpg/400px-St._Mark%27s_Square_%2813023806233%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Banski_dvori" class="mw-redirect" title="Banski dvori">Banski dvori</a> in Zagreb, seat of the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Croatia" title="Government of Croatia">Government of Croatia</a></div></div></div></div></div> A <a href="/wiki/Unicameral" class="mw-redirect" title="Unicameral">unicameral</a> parliament (Sabor) holds <a href="/wiki/Legislative_power" class="mw-redirect" title="Legislative power">legislative power</a>. The number of Sabor members can vary from 100 to 160. They are elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms. Legislative sessions take place from 15 January to 15 July, and from 15 September to 15 December annually.<a href="#cite_note-Sabor-about-174">[169]</a> The two largest <a href="/wiki/Political_parties_in_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="Political parties in Croatia">political parties in Croatia</a> are the <a href="/wiki/Croatian_Democratic_Union" title="Croatian Democratic Union">Croatian Democratic Union</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Croatia" title="Social Democratic Party of Croatia">Social Democratic Party of Croatia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Sabor-MPs-175">[170]</a> Croatia has a <a href="/wiki/Civil_law_(legal_system)" title="Civil law (legal system)">civil law</a> legal system in which law arises primarily from written statutes, with judges serving as implementers and not creators of law. Its development was largely influenced by German and Austrian legal systems. Croatian law is divided into two principal areas—<a href="/wiki/Private_law" title="Private law">private</a> and <a href="/wiki/Public_law" title="Public law">public law</a>. Before <a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Croatia_to_the_European_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Accession of Croatia to the European Union">EU accession negotiations</a> were completed, Croatian legislation had been fully harmonised with the <a href="/wiki/Community_acquis" class="mw-redirect" title="Community acquis">Community acquis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-DELHRV-overview-176">[171]</a> The main national courts are the <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Court_of_Croatia" title="Constitutional Court of Croatia">Constitutional Court</a>, which oversees violations of the Constitution, and the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Croatia" title="Supreme Court of Croatia">Supreme Court</a>, which is the highest court of appeal. Administrative, Commercial, <a href="/wiki/County_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="County Court">County</a>, Misdemeanor, and Municipal courts handle cases in their respective domains.<a href="#cite_note-VSRH-about-177">[172]</a> Cases falling within judicial jurisdiction are in the first instance decided by a single professional judge, while appeals are deliberated in mixed tribunals of professional judges. Lay magistrates also participate in trials.<a href="#cite_note-178">[173]</a> The <a href="/wiki/State%27s_Attorney_Office_of_the_Republic_of_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="State's Attorney Office of the Republic of Croatia">State's Attorney Office</a> is the judicial body constituted of public prosecutors empowered to instigate prosecution of perpetrators of offences.<a href="#cite_note-179">[174]</a> Law enforcement agencies are organised under the authority of the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_the_Interior_(Croatia)" title="Ministry of the Interior (Croatia)">Ministry of the Interior</a> which consist primarily of the national police force. Croatia's security service is the <a href="/wiki/Security_and_Intelligence_Agency_(Croatia)" title="Security and Intelligence Agency (Croatia)">Security and Intelligence Agency</a> (SOA).<a href="#cite_note-180">[175]</a><a href="#cite_note-181">[176]</a> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foreign_relations">Foreign relations</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Croatia" title="Foreign relations of Croatia">Foreign relations of Croatia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Croatia_and_the_euro" title="Croatia and the euro">Croatia and the euro</a></div> Croatia has established diplomatic relations with 194 countries.<a href="#cite_note-182">[177]</a> supporting 57 embassies, 30 consulates and eight permanent diplomatic missions. 56 foreign embassies and 67 <a href="/wiki/Consul_(representative)" title="Consul (representative)">consulates</a> operate in the country in addition to offices of international organisations such as the <a href="/wiki/European_Bank_for_Reconstruction_and_Development" title="European Bank for Reconstruction and Development">European Bank for Reconstruction and Development</a> (EBRD), <a href="/wiki/International_Organization_for_Migration" title="International Organization for Migration">International Organization for Migration</a> (IOM), <a href="/wiki/Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe" title="Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe">Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe</a> (OSCE), <a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a>, <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a> (WHO), <a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Tribunal_for_the_former_Yugoslavia" title="International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia">International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia</a> (ICTY), <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Development_Programme" title="United Nations Development Programme">United Nations Development Programme</a> (UNDP), <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_High_Commissioner_for_Refugees" title="United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees">United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees</a> (UNHCR), and <a href="/wiki/UNICEF" title="UNICEF">UNICEF</a>.<a href="#cite_note-183">[178]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Family_photo_from_2023_NATO_Vilnius_summit_(53038388599).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Family_photo_from_2023_NATO_Vilnius_summit_%2853038388599%29.jpg/220px-Family_photo_from_2023_NATO_Vilnius_summit_%2853038388599%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Family_photo_from_2023_NATO_Vilnius_summit_%2853038388599%29.jpg/330px-Family_photo_from_2023_NATO_Vilnius_summit_%2853038388599%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Family_photo_from_2023_NATO_Vilnius_summit_%2853038388599%29.jpg/440px-Family_photo_from_2023_NATO_Vilnius_summit_%2853038388599%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7800" data-file-height="5203" /></a><figcaption>President <a href="/wiki/Zoran_Milanovi%C4%87" title="Zoran Milanović">Zoran Milanović</a> at the <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> summit on 11 July 2023, <a href="/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius">Vilnius</a>, Lithuania</figcaption></figure> As of 2019, the Croatian <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_and_European_Integration_(Croatia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs and European Integration (Croatia)">Ministry of Foreign Affairs and European Integration</a> employed 1,381[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">needs update</a>] personnel and expended 765.295 million kunas (€101.17 million).<a href="#cite_note-184">[179]</a> Stated aims of Croatian foreign policy include enhancing relations with neighbouring countries, developing international co-operation and promotion of the Croatian economy and Croatia itself.<a href="#cite_note-MVPEI-Goals-185">[180]</a> Croatia is a member of the European Union. As of 2021, Croatia had unsolved border issues with Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Serbia, and Slovenia.<a href="#cite_note-Border_issues-186">[181]</a> Croatia is a member of NATO.<a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-Bush-Zagreb-187">[182]</a><a href="#cite_note-BBC-Croatia-NATO-188">[183]</a> On 1 January 2023, Croatia simultaneously joined both the <a href="/wiki/Schengen_Area" title="Schengen Area">Schengen Area</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Eurozone" title="Eurozone">Eurozone</a>,<a href="#cite_note-BBC-Croatia-EU-189">[184]</a> having previously joined the ERM II on 10 July 2020. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Croatian_diaspora">Croatian diaspora</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Croatian_diaspora" title="Croatian diaspora">Croatian diaspora</a></div> The Croatian diaspora consists of communities of ethnic <a href="/wiki/Croats" title="Croats">Croats</a> and Croatian citizens living outside Croatia. Croatia maintains intensive contacts with Croatian communities abroad (e.g., administrative and financial support of cultural, sports activities, and economic initiatives). Croatia actively maintain foreign relations to strengthen and guarantee the rights of the Croatian minority in various host countries.<a href="#cite_note-190">[185]</a><a href="#cite_note-191">[186]</a><a href="#cite_note-192">[187]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Military">Military</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_Croatia" title="Armed Forces of Croatia">Armed Forces of Croatia</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:204px;max-width:204px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:MORH_T._Brandt_4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/MORH_T._Brandt_4.jpg/200px-MORH_T._Brandt_4.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/MORH_T._Brandt_4.jpg/300px-MORH_T._Brandt_4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/MORH_T._Brandt_4.jpg/400px-MORH_T._Brandt_4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1597" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Air_Force" title="Croatian Air Force">Croatian</a> <a href="/wiki/Dassault_Rafale" title="Dassault Rafale">Dassault Rafale</a> fighter, 191 Squadron of the <a href="/wiki/Croatian_Air_Force" title="Croatian Air Force">Croatian Air Force</a>.</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:2nd_Mechanized_Battalion_%22Pume%22.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/2nd_Mechanized_Battalion_%22Pume%22.jpg/200px-2nd_Mechanized_Battalion_%22Pume%22.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/2nd_Mechanized_Battalion_%22Pume%22.jpg/300px-2nd_Mechanized_Battalion_%22Pume%22.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/2nd_Mechanized_Battalion_%22Pume%22.jpg/400px-2nd_Mechanized_Battalion_%22Pume%22.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1600" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/2nd_Mechanized_Battalion_(Croatia)" class="mw-redirect" title="2nd Mechanized Battalion (Croatia)">2nd Mechanized Battalion</a> largest of two mechanized infantry battalions within the <a href="/wiki/Guards_Armoured_Mechanized_Brigade_(Croatia)" title="Guards Armoured Mechanized Brigade (Croatia)">Guards Armoured Mechanized Brigade (GOMBR)</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Croatian_Army" title="Croatian Army">Croatian Army</a>.</div></div></div></div></div> The Croatian Armed Forces (CAF) consist of the <a href="/wiki/Croatian_Air_Force_and_Air_Defence" class="mw-redirect" title="Croatian Air Force and Air Defence">Air Force</a>, <a href="/wiki/Croatian_Army" title="Croatian Army">Army</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Croatian_Navy" title="Croatian Navy">Navy</a> branches in addition to the Education and Training Command and Support Command. The CAF is headed by the <a href="/wiki/General_Staff_of_the_Armed_Forces_of_the_Republic_of_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Croatia">General Staff</a>, which reports to the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_(Croatia)" title="Ministry of Defence (Croatia)">defence minister</a>, who in turn reports to the president. According to the constitution, the president is the <a href="/wiki/Commander-in-chief" title="Commander-in-chief">commander-in-chief</a> of the armed forces. In case of immediate threat during wartime, he issues orders directly to the General Staff.<a href="#cite_note-CAFstructure-193">[188]</a> Following the 1991–95 war, defence spending and CAF size began a constant decline. As of 2019<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Croatia&action=edit">[update]</a>, military spending was an estimated 1.68% of the country's GDP, 67th globally.<a href="#cite_note-194">[189]</a> In 2005 the budget fell below the NATO-required 2% of GDP, down from the record high of 11.1% in 1994.<a href="#cite_note-sipri-195">[190]</a> Traditionally relying on conscripts, the CAF went through a period of reforms focused on downsizing, restructuring and <a href="/wiki/Professionalisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Professionalisation">professionalisation</a> in the years before <a href="/wiki/Accession_of_Croatia_to_NATO" class="mw-redirect" title="Accession of Croatia to NATO">accession to NATO</a> in April 2009. According to a presidential decree issued in 2006, the CAF employed around 18,100 active duty military personnel, 3,000 civilians and 2,000 voluntary conscripts between 18 and 30 years old in peacetime.<a href="#cite_note-CAFstructure-193">[188]</a> Until 2008 military service was obligatory for men at age 18 and conscripts served six-month tours of duty, reduced in 2001 from the earlier scheme of nine months. Conscientious objectors could instead opt for eight months of civilian service.<a href="#cite_note-vojnirokkraci-196">[191]</a> Compulsory conscription was abolished in January 2008,<a href="#cite_note-CIA-161">[156]</a> but is set to be reintroduced in January 2025 with two months of active duty. The decision was influenced by the rising tensions in Europe and the region, following the <a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian invasion of Ukraine</a>.<a href="#cite_note-197">[192]</a><a href="#cite_note-198">[193]</a> As of May 2019<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Croatia&action=edit">[update]</a>, the Croatian military had 72 members stationed in foreign countries as part of United Nations-led international peacekeeping forces.<a href="#cite_note-199">[194]</a> As of 2019<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Croatia&action=edit">[update]</a>, 323 troops served the NATO-led <a href="/wiki/International_Security_Assistance_Force" title="International Security Assistance Force">ISAF</a> force in Afghanistan. Another 156 served with <a href="/wiki/Kosovo_Force" title="Kosovo Force">KFOR</a> in Kosovo.<a href="#cite_note-200">[195]</a><a href="#cite_note-201">[196]</a> Croatia has a <a href="/wiki/Military_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Military industry">military-industrial</a> sector that exported around 493 million kunas (€65,176 million) worth of military equipment in 2020.<a href="#cite_note-202">[197]</a> Croatian-made weapons and vehicles used by CAF include the standard sidearm <a href="/wiki/HS2000" title="HS2000">HS2000</a> manufactured by <a href="/wiki/HS_Produkt" title="HS Produkt">HS Produkt</a> and the <a href="/wiki/M-84D" title="M-84D">M-84D</a> battle tank designed by the <a href="/wiki/%C4%90uro_%C4%90akovi%C4%87_factory" class="mw-redirect" title="Đuro Đaković factory">Đuro Đaković factory</a>. Uniforms and helmets worn by CAF soldiers are locally produced and marketed to other countries.<a href="#cite_note-vojna_ind-203">[198]</a> According to the 2024 <a href="/wiki/Global_Peace_Index" title="Global Peace Index">Global Peace Index</a>, Croatia is the 15th most peaceful country in the world.<a href="#cite_note-204">[199]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Administrative_divisions">Administrative divisions</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Counties_of_Croatia" title="Counties of Croatia">Counties of Croatia</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/NUTS_of_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="NUTS of Croatia">NUTS of Croatia</a></div> <div style="position: relative; ;"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="locmap noviewer noresize thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:502px"><div style="position:relative;width:500px;border:1px solid lightgray"><a href="/wiki/File:Counties_of_Croatia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Map of Croatian counties and county capitals. Zagreb is capital of the Zagreb County enveloping the city of Zagreb"><img alt="Map of Croatian counties and county capitals. Zagreb is capital of the Zagreb County enveloping the city of Zagreb" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Counties_of_Croatia.svg/500px-Counties_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="500" height="484" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Counties_of_Croatia.svg/750px-Counties_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Counties_of_Croatia.svg/1000px-Counties_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1097" data-file-height="1062" /></a><div class="od notheme" style="top:31.206%;left:67.402%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><img alt="Požega" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;bottom:4px;left:-3em"><div><a href="/wiki/Po%C5%BEega,_Croatia" title="Požega, Croatia">Požega</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:20.567%;left:62.99%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><img alt="Virovitica" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:4px;left:-3em"><div><a href="/wiki/Virovitica" title="Virovitica">Virovitica</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:19.149%;left:54.902%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><img alt="Bjelovar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:4px;left:-3em"><div><a href="/wiki/Bjelovar" title="Bjelovar">Bjelovar</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:13.83%;left:54.657%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><img alt="Koprivnica" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div><a href="/wiki/Koprivnica" title="Koprivnica">Koprivnica</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:8.812%;left:49.02%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><img alt="Čakovec" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;bottom:4px;left:-3em"><div><a href="/wiki/%C4%8Cakovec" title="Čakovec">Čakovec</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:10.638%;left:47.549%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><img alt="Varaždin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:4px;left:-3em"><div><a href="/wiki/Vara%C5%BEdin" title="Varaždin">Varaždin</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:13.617%;left:40.735%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><img alt="Krapina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:4px;left:-3em"><div><a href="/wiki/Krapina" title="Krapina">Krapina</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:33.333%;left:12.255%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><img alt="Pazin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;bottom:4px;left:-3em"><div><a href="/wiki/Pazin" title="Pazin">Pazin</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:31.56%;left:19.363%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><img alt="Rijeka" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;bottom:4px;left:-3em"><div><a href="/wiki/Rijeka" title="Rijeka">Rijeka</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:20.939%;left:42.327%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><img alt="Zagreb" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:4px;left:-3em"><div><a href="/wiki/Zagreb" title="Zagreb">Zagreb</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:26.378%;left:82.021%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><img alt="Osijek" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div><a href="/wiki/Osijek" title="Osijek">Osijek</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:30.857%;left:86.787%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><img alt="Vukovar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div><a href="/wiki/Vukovar" title="Vukovar">Vukovar</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:35.02%;left:72.274%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><img alt="Slavonski Brod" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:4px;left:-3em"><div><a href="/wiki/Slavonski_Brod" title="Slavonski Brod">Slavonski Brod</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:27.893%;left:36.046%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><img alt="Karlovac" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:4px;left:-3em"><div><a href="/wiki/Karlovac" title="Karlovac">Karlovac</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:88.495%;left:73.668%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><img alt="Dubrovnik" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div><a href="/wiki/Dubrovnik" title="Dubrovnik">Dubrovnik</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:70.022%;left:49.077%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><img alt="Split" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div><a href="/wiki/Split,_Croatia" title="Split, Croatia">Split</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:65.263%;left:41.171%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><img alt="Šibenik" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0ibenik" title="Šibenik">Šibenik</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:57.066%;left:31.366%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><img alt="Zadar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div><a href="/wiki/Zadar" title="Zadar">Zadar</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:27.965%;left:48.121%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><img alt="Sisak" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:4px;left:-3em"><div><a href="/wiki/Sisak" title="Sisak">Sisak</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:47.922%;left:33.426%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><img alt="Gospić" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;bottom:4px;left:-3em"><div><a href="/wiki/Gospi%C4%87" title="Gospić">Gospić</a></div></div></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Counties_of_Croatia.svg" title="File:Counties of Croatia.svg">class=notpageimage| </a></div>Counties of Croatia</div></div></div> </div> Croatia was first divided into counties in the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Medieval-Counties-205">[200]</a> The divisions changed over time to reflect losses of territory to Ottoman conquest and subsequent liberation of the same territory, changes of the political status of Dalmatia, Dubrovnik, and <a href="/wiki/Istria" title="Istria">Istria</a>. The traditional division of the country into counties was abolished in the 1920s when the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes and the subsequent Kingdom of Yugoslavia introduced <a href="/wiki/Oblast" title="Oblast">oblasts</a> and <a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_the_Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia" title="Subdivisions of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia">banovinas</a> respectively.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrucht2005429-206">[201]</a> Communist-ruled Croatia, as a constituent part of post-World War II Yugoslavia, abolished earlier divisions and introduced municipalities, subdividing Croatia into approximately one hundred municipalities. Counties were reintroduced in 1992 legislation, significantly altered in terms of territory relative to the pre-1920s subdivisions. In 1918, the <a href="/wiki/Transleithania" class="mw-redirect" title="Transleithania">Transleithanian</a> part was divided into eight counties with their seats in <a href="/wiki/Bjelovar" title="Bjelovar">Bjelovar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gospi%C4%87" title="Gospić">Gospić</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ogulin" title="Ogulin">Ogulin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Osijek" title="Osijek">Osijek</a>, <a href="/wiki/Po%C5%BEega,_Croatia" title="Požega, Croatia">Požega</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vara%C5%BEdin" title="Varaždin">Varaždin</a>, Vukovar, and Zagreb.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBiondich200011-207">[202]</a><a href="#cite_note-CountiesAct1992-208">[203]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Castle_of_Varazdin_(17).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Castle_of_Varazdin_%2817%29.jpg/220px-Castle_of_Varazdin_%2817%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Castle_of_Varazdin_%2817%29.jpg/330px-Castle_of_Varazdin_%2817%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Castle_of_Varazdin_%2817%29.jpg/440px-Castle_of_Varazdin_%2817%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5710" data-file-height="3310" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Vara%C5%BEdin" title="Varaždin">Varaždin</a>, capital of Croatia between 1767 and 1776, is the seat of <a href="/wiki/Vara%C5%BEdin_county" class="mw-redirect" title="Varaždin county">Varaždin county</a>; Pictured: Old Town fortress, one of 15 Croatia's sites inscribed on the <a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Croatia#Tentative_list" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Croatia">UNESCO World Heritage tentative list</a></figcaption></figure> As of 1992, Croatia is divided into <a href="/wiki/Counties_of_Croatia" title="Counties of Croatia">20 counties</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Capital_city_of_Zagreb" class="mw-redirect" title="Capital city of Zagreb">capital city of Zagreb</a>, the latter having the dual authority and legal status of a county and a city. County borders changed in some instances, last revised in 2006. The counties subdivide into <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in Croatia">127 cities</a> and <a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Croatia" title="Municipalities of Croatia">429 municipalities</a>.<a href="#cite_note-CountiesAct2006-209">[204]</a> <a href="/wiki/Nomenclature_of_Territorial_Units_for_Statistics" title="Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics">Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics</a> (NUTS) <a href="/wiki/Division_of_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="Division of Croatia">division</a> is performed in several tiers. NUTS 1 level considers the entire country in a single unit; three NUTS 2 regions come below that. Those are Northwest Croatia, Central and Eastern (Pannonian) Croatia, and Adriatic Croatia. The latter encompasses the counties along the Adriatic coast. Northwest Croatia includes Koprivnica-Križevci, Krapina-Zagorje, Međimurje, Varaždin, the city of Zagreb, and Zagreb counties and the Central and Eastern (Pannonian) Croatia includes the remaining areas—Bjelovar-Bilogora, Brod-Posavina, Karlovac, Osijek-Baranja, Požega-Slavonia, Sisak-Moslavina, Virovitica-Podravina, and Vukovar-Syrmia counties. Individual counties and the city of Zagreb also represent NUTS 3 level subdivision units in Croatia. The NUTS <a href="/wiki/Administrative_division" title="Administrative division">local administrative unit</a> (LAU) divisions are two-tiered. LAU 1 divisions match the counties and the city of Zagreb in effect making those the same as NUTS 3 units, while LAU 2 subdivisions correspond to cities and municipalities.<a href="#cite_note-210">[205]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Croatia" title="Economy of Croatia">Economy of Croatia</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Croatian_euro_coins_(8).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Croatian_euro_coins_%288%29.jpg/180px-Croatian_euro_coins_%288%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="270" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Croatian_euro_coins_%288%29.jpg/270px-Croatian_euro_coins_%288%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Croatian_euro_coins_%288%29.jpg/360px-Croatian_euro_coins_%288%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2667" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>On January 1, 2023, Croatia joined the <a href="/wiki/Eurozone" title="Eurozone">eurozone</a>, replacing <a href="/wiki/Croatian_kuna" title="Croatian kuna">Croatian kuna</a> with <a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">euro</a> as its national currency.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rimac_Nevera.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Rimac_Nevera.jpg/220px-Rimac_Nevera.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Rimac_Nevera.jpg/330px-Rimac_Nevera.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Rimac_Nevera.jpg/440px-Rimac_Nevera.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6320" data-file-height="3467" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Rimac_Automobili" title="Rimac Automobili">Rimac Automobili</a> were designed and made in Croatia</figcaption></figure> Croatia's economy qualifies as <a href="/wiki/High-income" class="mw-redirect" title="High-income">high-income</a> and <a href="/wiki/Developed_country" title="Developed country">developed</a>.<a href="#cite_note-World_Bank_Country_Classification-211">[206]</a> <a href="/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund" title="International Monetary Fund">International Monetary Fund</a> data projects that Croatian <a href="/wiki/Nominal_GDP" class="mw-redirect" title="Nominal GDP">nominal GDP</a> will reach $88.08 Billion in 2024, or $22,966 per capita.<a href="#cite_note-:2-212">[207]</a> <a href="/wiki/Purchasing_power_parity" title="Purchasing power parity">Purchasing power parity</a> (PPP) GDP will increase to $175.269 Billion, or $45,702 per capita.<a href="#cite_note-:2-212">[207]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Eurostat" title="Eurostat">Eurostat</a>, Croatian GDP per capita in PPS stood at 76% of the EU average in 2023, with real GDP growth for the year being 2.8%.<a href="#cite_note-213">[208]</a><a href="#cite_note-214">[209]</a> The average net salary of a Croatian worker in April 2024 was €1,326 per month, the average gross salary roughly €1,834 per month.<a href="#cite_note-Web_|_Državni_zavod_za_statistiku-215">[210]</a> The unemployment rate dropped to 5.6% in that month, down from 7.2% in July 2019 and 9.6% in December 2018.<a href="#cite_note-Web_|_Državni_zavod_za_statistiku-215">[210]</a> The unemployment rate between 1996 and 2018 averaged 17.38%, reaching an all-time high of 23.60% in January 2002 and a record low of 8.40% in September 2018.<a href="#cite_note-216">[211]</a> In 2017, economic output was dominated by the <a href="/wiki/Service_sector" class="mw-redirect" title="Service sector">service sector</a> — accounting for 70.1% of GDP — followed by the <a href="/wiki/Industrial_sector" class="mw-redirect" title="Industrial sector">industrial sector</a> with 26.2% and agriculture accounting for 3.7%.<a href="#cite_note-cia-217">[212]</a> According to 2017 data, 1.9% of the workforce were employed in agriculture, 27.3% by industry and 70.8% in services.<a href="#cite_note-cia-217">[212]</a> Shipbuilding, food processing, pharmaceuticals, information technology, biochemical, and timber industry dominate the industrial sector. In 2018, Croatian exports were valued at 108 Billion kunas (€14.61 Billion) with 176 Billion kunas (€23.82 Billion) worth of imports. Croatia's largest <a href="/wiki/International_trade" title="International trade">trading partner</a> was the rest of the European Union, led by Germany, Italy, and Slovenia.<a href="#cite_note-218">[213]</a> According to Eurostat, Croatia has the highest quantity of water resources per capita in the EU (30,000 m3).<a href="#cite_note-219">[214]</a> As a result of the war, economic infrastructure sustained massive damage, particularly the tourism industry. From 1989 to 1993, the GDP fell 40.5%. The Croatian state still controls significant economic sectors, with government expenditures accounting for 40% of GDP.<a href="#cite_note-DOS-220">[215]</a> A particular concern is a backlogged judiciary system, with inefficient <a href="/wiki/Public_administration" title="Public administration">public administration</a> and corruption, upending land ownership. In the 2022 <a href="/wiki/Corruption_Perceptions_Index" title="Corruption Perceptions Index">Corruption Perceptions Index</a>, published by <a href="/wiki/Transparency_International" title="Transparency International">Transparency International</a>, the country ranked 57th.<a href="#cite_note-ti_2022-221">[216]</a> At the end of June 2020, the national debt stood at 85.3% of GDP.<a href="#cite_note-222">[217]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tourism">Tourism</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Croatia" title="Tourism in Croatia">Tourism in Croatia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Croatian_National_Tourist_Board" title="Croatian National Tourist Board">Croatian National Tourist Board</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dubrovnik_june_2011..JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Dubrovnik_june_2011..JPG/220px-Dubrovnik_june_2011..JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Dubrovnik_june_2011..JPG/330px-Dubrovnik_june_2011..JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Dubrovnik_june_2011..JPG/440px-Dubrovnik_june_2011..JPG 2x" data-file-width="4272" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Dubrovnik" title="Dubrovnik">Dubrovnik</a> is Croatia's most visited and most popular destination.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Island_Brac_(20785918360).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Island_Brac_%2820785918360%29.jpg/220px-Island_Brac_%2820785918360%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Island_Brac_%2820785918360%29.jpg/330px-Island_Brac_%2820785918360%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Island_Brac_%2820785918360%29.jpg/440px-Island_Brac_%2820785918360%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4514" data-file-height="3009" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Zlatni_Rat" title="Zlatni Rat">Zlatni Rat</a> beach on the Island of <a href="/wiki/Bra%C4%8D" title="Brač">Brač</a> is one of the foremost spots of <a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Croatia" title="Tourism in Croatia">tourism in Croatia</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cityscape_Rovinj_at_sunrise.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Cityscape_Rovinj_at_sunrise.jpg/220px-Cityscape_Rovinj_at_sunrise.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Cityscape_Rovinj_at_sunrise.jpg/330px-Cityscape_Rovinj_at_sunrise.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Cityscape_Rovinj_at_sunrise.jpg/440px-Cityscape_Rovinj_at_sunrise.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4417" data-file-height="2484" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Rovinj" title="Rovinj">Rovinj</a> is one of the most visited cities in <a href="/wiki/Istria" title="Istria">Istria</a>, alongside Pula and Poreč.</figcaption></figure> Tourism dominates the Croatian service sector and accounts for up to 20% of GDP. Tourism income for 2019 was estimated to be €10.5 billion.<a href="#cite_note-223">[218]</a> Its positive effects are felt throughout the economy, increasing retail business, and increasing seasonal employment. The industry is counted as an export business because foreign visitor spending significantly reduces the country's trade imbalance.<a href="#cite_note-224">[219]</a> The tourist industry has rapidly grown, recording a sharp rise in tourist numbers since independence, attracting more than 17 million visitors each year (as of 2017<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Croatia&action=edit">[update]</a>).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE2018_Statistical_Yearbook_of_the_Republic_of_Croatia425-225">[220]</a> Germany, Slovenia, Austria, Italy, United Kingdom, Czechia, Poland, Hungary, France, Netherlands, Slovakia and Croatia itself provide the most visitors.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE2018_Statistical_Yearbook_of_the_Republic_of_Croatia427-226">[221]</a> Tourist stays averaged 4.7 days in 2019.<a href="#cite_note-227">[222]</a> Much of the tourist industry is concentrated along the coast. <a href="/wiki/Opatija" title="Opatija">Opatija</a> was the first holiday resort. It first became popular in the middle of the 19th century. By the 1890s, it had become one of the largest European health resorts.<a href="#cite_note-228">[223]</a> Resorts sprang up along the coast and islands, offering services catering to <a href="/wiki/Mass_tourism" class="mw-redirect" title="Mass tourism">mass tourism</a> and various niche markets. The most significant are <a href="/wiki/Nautical_tourism" title="Nautical tourism">nautical tourism</a>, supported by marinas with more than 16 thousand berths, <a href="/wiki/Cultural_tourism" title="Cultural tourism">cultural tourism</a> relying on the appeal of medieval coastal cities and cultural events taking place during the summer. Inland areas offer <a href="/wiki/Agrotourism" class="mw-redirect" title="Agrotourism">agrotourism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mountain_resort" title="Mountain resort">mountain resorts</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Spa" title="Spa">spas</a>. Zagreb is a significant destination, rivalling major coastal cities and resorts.<a href="#cite_note-229">[224]</a> Croatia has unpolluted marine areas with nature reserves and 116 <a href="/wiki/Blue_Flag_beach" title="Blue Flag beach">Blue Flag beaches</a>.<a href="#cite_note-230">[225]</a> Croatia was ranked first in Europe for swimming water quality in 2022 by <a href="/wiki/European_Environmental_Agency" class="mw-redirect" title="European Environmental Agency">European Environmental Agency</a>.<a href="#cite_note-231">[226]</a> Croatia ranked as the 23rd-most popular tourist destination in the world according to the <a href="/wiki/World_Tourism_Organization" class="mw-redirect" title="World Tourism Organization">World Tourism Organization</a> in 2019.<a href="#cite_note-UNWTO-232">[227]</a> About 15% of these visitors,[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Avoid_weasel_words" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Avoid weasel words">which?</a>][<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">quantify</a>] or over one million per year, participate in <a href="/wiki/Naturism" title="Naturism">naturism</a>, for which Croatia is famous. It was the first European country to develop commercial naturist resorts.<a href="#cite_note-233">[228]</a> In 2023, luggage storage company Bounce gave Croatia the highest solo travel index in the world (7.58),<a href="#cite_note-234">[229]</a> while a joint <a href="/wiki/Pinterest" title="Pinterest">Pinterest</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zola_(company)" title="Zola (company)">Zola</a> wedding trends report from 2023 put Croatia among the most popular <a href="/wiki/Honeymoon" title="Honeymoon">honeymoon</a> destinations.<a href="#cite_note-235">[230]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Infrastructure">Infrastructure</h3></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Transport">Transport</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Croatia" title="Transport in Croatia">Transport in Croatia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Croatia" title="Energy in Croatia">Energy in Croatia</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/84px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (December 2020)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tleft"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:204px;max-width:204px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Airbus_A320-232_Croatia_Airlines_9A-CTJ_(cn_1009).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Airbus_A320-232_Croatia_Airlines_9A-CTJ_%28cn_1009%29.JPG/200px-Airbus_A320-232_Croatia_Airlines_9A-CTJ_%28cn_1009%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Airbus_A320-232_Croatia_Airlines_9A-CTJ_%28cn_1009%29.JPG/300px-Airbus_A320-232_Croatia_Airlines_9A-CTJ_%28cn_1009%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Airbus_A320-232_Croatia_Airlines_9A-CTJ_%28cn_1009%29.JPG/400px-Airbus_A320-232_Croatia_Airlines_9A-CTJ_%28cn_1009%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1454" data-file-height="1090" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Croatia_Airlines" title="Croatia Airlines">Croatia Airlines</a> is the national airline of Croatia and was formed in <a href="/wiki/1989" title="1989">1989</a>.</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Zagreb_Glavni_kolodvor_1p_-_pruga_prema_zapadu.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Zagreb_Glavni_kolodvor_1p_-_pruga_prema_zapadu.jpg/200px-Zagreb_Glavni_kolodvor_1p_-_pruga_prema_zapadu.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Zagreb_Glavni_kolodvor_1p_-_pruga_prema_zapadu.jpg/300px-Zagreb_Glavni_kolodvor_1p_-_pruga_prema_zapadu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Zagreb_Glavni_kolodvor_1p_-_pruga_prema_zapadu.jpg/400px-Zagreb_Glavni_kolodvor_1p_-_pruga_prema_zapadu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="3375" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/H%C5%BD_series_6112" title="HŽ series 6112">HŽ series 6112</a> manufactured by the Croatian company <a href="/wiki/Kon%C4%8Dar_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Končar Group">Končar Group</a>, operated by <a href="/wiki/Croatian_Railways" title="Croatian Railways">Croatian Railways</a></div></div></div></div></div> The <a href="/wiki/Motorways_in_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="Motorways in Croatia">motorway network</a> was largely built in the late 1990s and the 2000s. As of December 2020, Croatia had completed 1,313.8 kilometres (816.4 miles) of motorways, connecting Zagreb to other regions and following various <a href="/wiki/International_E-road_network" title="International E-road network">European routes</a> and four <a href="/wiki/Pan-European_corridors" title="Pan-European corridors">Pan-European corridors</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Helsinki-1997-236">[231]</a><a href="#cite_note-NN-Motorways2009-237">[232]</a><a href="#cite_note-238">[233]</a> The busiest motorways are the <a href="/wiki/A1_(Croatia)" title="A1 (Croatia)">A1</a>, connecting Zagreb to Split and the <a href="/wiki/A3_(Croatia)" title="A3 (Croatia)">A3</a>, passing east to west through northwest Croatia and Slavonia.<a href="#cite_note-HC-promet-239">[234]</a> A widespread network of <a href="/wiki/State_roads_in_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="State roads in Croatia">state roads in Croatia</a> acts as motorway <a href="/wiki/Feeder_line_(network)" title="Feeder line (network)">feeder roads</a> while connecting major settlements. The high quality and safety levels of the Croatian motorway network were tested and confirmed by EuroTAP and EuroTest programmes.<a href="#cite_note-240">[235]</a><a href="#cite_note-241">[236]</a> Croatia has an <a href="/wiki/List_of_railways_in_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of railways in Croatia">extensive rail network</a> spanning 2,604 kilometres (1,618 miles), including 984 kilometres (611 miles) of electrified railways and 254 kilometres (158 miles) of double track railways (as of 2017<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Croatia&action=edit">[update]</a>).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE2018_Statistical_Yearbook_of_the_Republic_of_Croatia350-242">[237]</a> The most significant railways in Croatia are within the Pan-European transport corridors Vb and X connecting <a href="/wiki/Rijeka" title="Rijeka">Rijeka</a> to <a href="/wiki/Budapest" title="Budapest">Budapest</a> and Ljubljana to Belgrade, both via <a href="/wiki/Zagreb" title="Zagreb">Zagreb</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Helsinki-1997-236">[231]</a> <a href="/wiki/Croatian_Railways" title="Croatian Railways">Croatian Railways</a> operates all rail services.<a href="#cite_note-243">[238]</a> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pelje%C5%A1ac_bridge_-_Most_Pelje%C5%A1ac_-_Croatia_-_2022-06-16.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Pelje%C5%A1ac_bridge_-_Most_Pelje%C5%A1ac_-_Croatia_-_2022-06-16.jpg/220px-Pelje%C5%A1ac_bridge_-_Most_Pelje%C5%A1ac_-_Croatia_-_2022-06-16.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Pelje%C5%A1ac_bridge_-_Most_Pelje%C5%A1ac_-_Croatia_-_2022-06-16.jpg/330px-Pelje%C5%A1ac_bridge_-_Most_Pelje%C5%A1ac_-_Croatia_-_2022-06-16.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Pelje%C5%A1ac_bridge_-_Most_Pelje%C5%A1ac_-_Croatia_-_2022-06-16.jpg/440px-Pelje%C5%A1ac_bridge_-_Most_Pelje%C5%A1ac_-_Croatia_-_2022-06-16.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1106" data-file-height="753" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Pelje%C5%A1ac_Bridge" title="Pelješac Bridge">Pelješac Bridge</a> connects the peninsula of <a href="/wiki/Pelje%C5%A1ac" title="Pelješac">Pelješac</a> and through it the southernmost part, including <a href="/wiki/Dubrovnik" title="Dubrovnik">Dubrovnik</a>, with the <a href="/wiki/Croatia_proper" class="mw-redirect" title="Croatia proper">Croatian mainland</a>.</figcaption></figure> The construction of 2.4-kilometre-long <a href="/wiki/Pelje%C5%A1ac_Bridge" title="Pelješac Bridge">Pelješac Bridge</a>, the biggest infrastructure project in Croatia connects the two halves of Dubrovnik-Neretva County and shortens the route from the West to the <a href="/wiki/Pelje%C5%A1ac" title="Pelješac">Pelješac</a> peninsula and the islands of <a href="/wiki/Kor%C4%8Dula" title="Korčula">Korčula</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lastovo" title="Lastovo">Lastovo</a> by more than 32 km. The construction of the Pelješac Bridge started in July 2018 after Croatian road operator <a href="/wiki/Hrvatske_ceste" title="Hrvatske ceste">Hrvatske ceste</a> (HC) signed a 2.08 billion <a href="/wiki/Croatian_kuna" title="Croatian kuna">kuna</a> deal for the works with a Chinese consortium led by <a href="/wiki/China_Road_and_Bridge_Corporation" title="China Road and Bridge Corporation">China Road and Bridge Corporation</a> (CRBC). The project is co-financed by the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> with 357 million euro. The construction was completed in July 2022.<a href="#cite_note-244">[239]</a> There are <a href="/wiki/International_airport" title="International airport">international airports</a> in <a href="/wiki/Dubrovnik_Airport" title="Dubrovnik Airport">Dubrovnik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Osijek_Airport" title="Osijek Airport">Osijek</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pula_Airport" title="Pula Airport">Pula</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rijeka_Airport" title="Rijeka Airport">Rijeka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Split_Airport" title="Split Airport">Split</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zadar_Airport" title="Zadar Airport">Zadar</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Zagreb_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Zagreb International Airport">Zagreb</a>.<a href="#cite_note-MMPI-Airports-245">[240]</a> The largest and busiest is Franjo Tuđman Airport in Zagreb.<a href="#cite_note-246">[241]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS">better source needed</a>] As of January 2011<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Croatia&action=edit">[update]</a>, Croatia complies with <a href="/wiki/International_Civil_Aviation_Organization" title="International Civil Aviation Organization">International Civil Aviation Organization</a> aviation safety standards and the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Aviation_Administration" title="Federal Aviation Administration">Federal Aviation Administration</a> upgraded it to Category 1 rating.<a href="#cite_note-247">[242]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ports">Ports</h4></div> The busiest cargo seaport is the <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Rijeka" title="Port of Rijeka">Port of Rijeka</a>. The busiest passenger ports are <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Split" title="Port of Split">Split</a> and Zadar.<a href="#cite_note-WB-Rijeka-248">[243]</a><a href="#cite_note-MMPI-RL-plan-249">[244]</a> Many minor ports serve ferries connecting numerous islands and coastal cities with ferry lines to several cities in Italy.<a href="#cite_note-AOLPP-Rijeka-250">[245]</a> The largest <a href="/wiki/Inland_port" title="Inland port">river port</a> is <a href="/wiki/Vukovar" title="Vukovar">Vukovar</a>, located on the <a href="/wiki/Danube" title="Danube">Danube</a>, representing the nation's outlet to the Pan-European transport corridor VII.<a href="#cite_note-Helsinki-1997-236">[231]</a><a href="#cite_note-MMPI-River-Navigation-251">[246]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Energy">Energy</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Croatia" title="Energy in Croatia">Energy in Croatia</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gra%C4%8Dac_(HR),_Po%C5%A1tak_--_2022_--_0004.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Gra%C4%8Dac_%28HR%29%2C_Po%C5%A1tak_--_2022_--_0004.jpg/220px-Gra%C4%8Dac_%28HR%29%2C_Po%C5%A1tak_--_2022_--_0004.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Gra%C4%8Dac_%28HR%29%2C_Po%C5%A1tak_--_2022_--_0004.jpg/330px-Gra%C4%8Dac_%28HR%29%2C_Po%C5%A1tak_--_2022_--_0004.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Gra%C4%8Dac_%28HR%29%2C_Po%C5%A1tak_--_2022_--_0004.jpg/440px-Gra%C4%8Dac_%28HR%29%2C_Po%C5%A1tak_--_2022_--_0004.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5475" data-file-height="3650" /></a><figcaption>Poštak Wind Farm near <a href="/wiki/Gra%C4%8Dac" title="Gračac">Gračac</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zadar_County" title="Zadar County">Zadar County</a>.</figcaption></figure> 610 kilometres (380 miles) of crude oil pipelines serve Croatia, connecting the <a href="/wiki/Rijeka" title="Rijeka">Rijeka</a> oil terminal with refineries in Rijeka and <a href="/wiki/Sisak" title="Sisak">Sisak</a>, and several transhipment terminals. The system has a capacity of 20 million tonnes per year.<a href="#cite_note-JANAF-system-252">[247]</a> The natural gas transportation system comprises 2,113 kilometres (1,313 miles) of trunk and regional pipelines, and more than 300 associated structures, connecting production rigs, the Okoli natural gas storage facility, 27 end-users and 37 distribution systems.<a href="#cite_note-Plinacro-system-253">[248]</a> Croatia also plays an important role in regional energy security. The floating <a href="/wiki/Liquefied_natural_gas" title="Liquefied natural gas">liquefied natural gas</a> import terminal off <a href="/wiki/Krk" title="Krk">Krk</a> island <a href="/wiki/LNG_Hrvatska" title="LNG Hrvatska">LNG Hrvatska</a> commenced operations on January 1, 2021, positioning Croatia as a regional energy leader and contributing to diversification of Europe's energy supply.<a href="#cite_note-lng-18">[13]</a> In 2010, Croatian energy production covered 85% of nationwide natural gas and 19% of oil demand.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE2010_Statistical_Yearbook_of_the_Republic_of_Croatia298–302-254">[249]</a> In 2016, Croatia's primary energy production involved natural gas (24.8%), hydropower (28.3%), crude oil (13.6%), fuelwood (27.6%), and heat pumps and other renewable energy sources (5.7%).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE2018_Statistical_Yearbook_of_the_Republic_of_Croatia307-255">[250]</a> In 2017, net total electrical power production reached 11,543 GWh, while it imported 12,157 GWh or about 40% of its electric power energy needs.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE2018_Statistical_Yearbook_of_the_Republic_of_Croatia304-256">[251]</a> <a href="/wiki/Kr%C5%A1ko_Nuclear_Power_Plant" title="Krško Nuclear Power Plant">Krško Nuclear Power Plant</a> (Slovenia) supplies a large part of Croatian imports. 50% is owned by <a href="/wiki/Hrvatska_elektroprivreda" title="Hrvatska elektroprivreda">Hrvatska elektroprivreda</a>, providing 15% of Croatia's electricity.<a href="#cite_note-EUB-NEK-257">[252]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Croatia" title="Demographics of Croatia">Demographics of Croatia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Croats" title="Croats">Croats</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Croatia" title="List of cities and towns in Croatia">List of cities and towns in Croatia</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Croatia_ethnicities_2021.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Croatia_ethnicities_2021.svg/310px-Croatia_ethnicities_2021.svg.png" decoding="async" width="310" height="310" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Croatia_ethnicities_2021.svg/465px-Croatia_ethnicities_2021.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Croatia_ethnicities_2021.svg/620px-Croatia_ethnicities_2021.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="900" /></a><figcaption>Ethnic structure of Croatia in 2021.</figcaption></figure>Ethnic map of <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Croatia">Croatia</a> by municipalities (2021) <div class="notheme barbox tright" style="overflow-x: auto;"> <div style="border:1px solid silver; font-size:88%; padding:0.4em; width:; background: white; color: black;"> <table style="text-align:left; border-collapse:collapse; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr style="background:#ddd"><th style="text-align:center;" colspan="5">Ethnic composition (2021)</th></tr> <tr style="font-size:88%; height:4px;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; text-align:left;"></td> <td style="width:100px; text-align:left;"></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; width:1em; text-align:right;"></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Croats" title="Croats">Croats</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:blue; width:91.6%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">91.6%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Serbs" title="Serbs">Serbs</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:cyan; width:3.2%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">3.2%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic groups in Croatia">Other</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:gray; width:5.2%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">5.2%</td> </tr> <tr><td colspan="5" style="padding:5px; text-align:left;">2021 Croatian Census<a href="#cite_note-Census_2021-7">[4]</a></td></tr> </tbody></table> </div> </div> With an estimated population of 3.87 million in 2021,<a href="#cite_note-258">[253]</a> Croatia <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_population" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by population">ranks 127th by population</a> in the world.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Its 2018 <a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_and_dependent_territories_by_population_density" class="mw-redirect" title="List of sovereign states and dependent territories by population density">population density</a> was 72.9 inhabitants per square kilometre, making Croatia one of the more sparsely populated European countries.<a href="#cite_note-who0-259">[254]</a> The overall <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_life_expectancy" title="List of countries by life expectancy">life expectancy in Croatia</a> at birth was 76.3 years in 2018.<a href="#cite_note-cia-217">[212]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Total_fertility_rate" title="Total fertility rate">total fertility rate</a> of 1.41 children per mother, is one of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_and_dependent_territories_by_fertility_rate" class="mw-redirect" title="List of sovereign states and dependent territories by fertility rate">lowest in the world</a>, far below the replacement rate of 2.1; it remains considerably below the high of 6.18 children rate in 1885.<a href="#cite_note-cia-217">[212]</a><a href="#cite_note-260">[255]</a> Croatia's <a href="/wiki/Death_rate" class="mw-redirect" title="Death rate">death rate</a> has continuously exceeded its <a href="/wiki/Birth_rate" title="Birth rate">birth rate</a> since 1998.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE2018_Statistical_Yearbook_of_the_Republic_of_Croatia113-261">[256]</a> Croatia subsequently has one of the world's oldest populations, with an average age of 43.3 years.<a href="#cite_note-262">[257]</a> The population rose steadily from 2.1 million in 1857 until 1991, when it peaked at 4.7 million, with the exceptions of censuses taken in 1921 and 1948, i.e., following the world wars.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE2018_Statistical_Yearbook_of_the_Republic_of_Croatia107-263">[258]</a> The natural growth rate is negative<a href="#cite_note-CIA-161">[156]</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Demographic_transition" title="Demographic transition">demographic transition</a> completed in the 1970s.<a href="#cite_note-264">[259]</a> In recent years, the Croatian government has been pressured to increase permit quotas for foreign workers, reaching an all-time high of 68.100 in 2019.<a href="#cite_note-265">[260]</a> In accordance with its immigration policy, Croatia is trying to entice emigrants to return.<a href="#cite_note-266">[261]</a> From 2008 to 2018, Croatia's population dropped by 10%.<a href="#cite_note-267">[262]</a> The population decrease was greater a result of war for independence. The war displaced large numbers of the population and emigration increased. In 1991, in predominantly occupied areas, more than 400,000 Croats were either removed from their homes by <a href="/wiki/Serbs_in_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="Serbs in Croatia">Serb</a> forces or fled the violence.<a href="#cite_note-268">[263]</a> During the war's final days, about 150–200,000 Serbs fled before the arrival of Croatian forces during <a href="/wiki/Operation_Storm" title="Operation Storm">Operation Storm</a>.<a href="#cite_note-bbc-storm-126">[121]</a><a href="#cite_note-269">[264]</a> After the war, the number of displaced persons fell to about 250,000. The Croatian government cared for displaced persons via the social security system and the Office of Displaced Persons and Refugees.<a href="#cite_note-270">[265]</a> Most of the territories abandoned during the war were settled by Croat refugees from Bosnia and Herzegovina, mostly from north-western Bosnia, while some displaced people returned to their homes.<a href="#cite_note-Index-Cro-Refugees-271">[266]</a><a href="#cite_note-PresidentRH-refugees-272">[267]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:492px;max-width:492px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:164px;max-width:164px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:157px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Religious_belief_in_Croatia,_2011.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Religious_belief_in_Croatia%2C_2011.svg/162px-Religious_belief_in_Croatia%2C_2011.svg.png" decoding="async" width="162" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Religious_belief_in_Croatia%2C_2011.svg/243px-Religious_belief_in_Croatia%2C_2011.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Religious_belief_in_Croatia%2C_2011.svg/324px-Religious_belief_in_Croatia%2C_2011.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1097" data-file-height="1061" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Religious believers according to the 2011 census</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:163px;max-width:163px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:157px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:CroatianDialectsByMunicipality.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/CroatianDialectsByMunicipality.png/161px-CroatianDialectsByMunicipality.png" decoding="async" width="161" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/CroatianDialectsByMunicipality.png/242px-CroatianDialectsByMunicipality.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/CroatianDialectsByMunicipality.png/322px-CroatianDialectsByMunicipality.png 2x" data-file-width="2200" data-file-height="2151" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Map of the <a href="/wiki/Shtokavian" title="Shtokavian">Shtokavian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chakavian" title="Chakavian">Chakavian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kajkavian" title="Kajkavian">Kajkavian</a> dialects in Croatia by municipality</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:159px;max-width:159px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:157px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Croatia,_population_density.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Croatia%2C_population_density.svg/157px-Croatia%2C_population_density.svg.png" decoding="async" width="157" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Croatia%2C_population_density.svg/236px-Croatia%2C_population_density.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Croatia%2C_population_density.svg/314px-Croatia%2C_population_density.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="900" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">2011 Croatian <a href="/wiki/Population_density" title="Population density">population density</a> by county in persons per km2</div></div></div></div></div> According to the 2013 United Nations report, 17.6% of Croatia's population were immigrants.<a href="#cite_note-273">[268]</a> According to the 2021 census, the majority of inhabitants are Croats (91.6%), followed by Serbs (3.2%), <a href="/wiki/Bosniaks_of_Croatia" title="Bosniaks of Croatia">Bosniaks</a> (0.62%), <a href="/wiki/Romani_people_in_Croatia" title="Romani people in Croatia">Roma</a> (0.46%), <a href="/wiki/Albanians_of_Croatia" title="Albanians of Croatia">Albanians</a> (0.36%), <a href="/wiki/Italians_of_Croatia" title="Italians of Croatia">Italians</a> (0.36%), <a href="/wiki/Hungarians_of_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="Hungarians of Croatia">Hungarians</a> (0.27%), <a href="/wiki/Czechs_of_Croatia" title="Czechs of Croatia">Czechs</a> (0.20%), <a href="/wiki/Slovenes_of_Croatia" title="Slovenes of Croatia">Slovenes</a> (0.20%), <a href="/wiki/Slovaks_of_Croatia" title="Slovaks of Croatia">Slovaks</a> (0.10%), <a href="/wiki/Macedonians_of_Croatia" title="Macedonians of Croatia">Macedonians</a> (0.09%), <a href="/wiki/Germans_of_Croatia" title="Germans of Croatia">Germans</a> (0.09%), <a href="/wiki/Montenegrins_of_Croatia" title="Montenegrins of Croatia">Montenegrins</a> (0.08%), and others (1.56%).<a href="#cite_note-Census_2021-7">[4]</a> Approximately 4 million Croats <a href="/wiki/Croatian_diaspora" title="Croatian diaspora">live abroad</a>.<a href="#cite_note-274">[269]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1219497266">.mw-parser-output .largestCities-table-background{background:#f9f9f9;color:#222}.mw-parser-output .largestCities-cell-background{background:#f0f0f0;color:#222}</style> <div> <table style="font-size:88%;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; width: 100%; border: 1px solid darkgray;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="10" style="padding:0.3em 0.75em;"><div style="float:right; width:6em; height:2.6em"> </div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini" style="float: left;height:2.6em;"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Largest_cities_of_Croatia" title="Template:Largest cities of Croatia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Largest_cities_of_Croatia" title="Template talk:Largest cities of Croatia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Largest_cities_of_Croatia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Largest cities of Croatia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div> <div style="height:2.6em;line-height:1.3em;">Largest cities or towns in Croatia <div style="display:inline;font-weight:normal;">(2011 Census by <a href="/wiki/Croatian_Bureau_of_Statistics" title="Croatian Bureau of Statistics">Croatian Bureau of Statistics</a>)<a href="#cite_note-275">[270]</a></div></div> </th></tr> <tr> <th></th> <th>Rank </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in Croatia">Name</a> </th> <th>Counties </th> <th>Pop. </th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="11" style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/File:Zagreb_(30594984567).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Zagreb"><img alt="Zagreb" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Zagreb_%2830594984567%29.jpg/120px-Zagreb_%2830594984567%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Zagreb_%2830594984567%29.jpg/180px-Zagreb_%2830594984567%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Zagreb_%2830594984567%29.jpg/240px-Zagreb_%2830594984567%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Zagreb" title="Zagreb">Zagreb</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Split_080620-133710-IMG_0968x.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Split"><img alt="Split" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Split_080620-133710-IMG_0968x.jpg/120px-Split_080620-133710-IMG_0968x.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Split_080620-133710-IMG_0968x.jpg/180px-Split_080620-133710-IMG_0968x.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Split_080620-133710-IMG_0968x.jpg/240px-Split_080620-133710-IMG_0968x.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2304" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Split,_Croatia" title="Split, Croatia">Split</a> </td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">1</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Zagreb" title="Zagreb">Zagreb</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Zagreb" title="Zagreb">Zagreb</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">790,017 </td> <td rowspan="11" style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/File:Rijeka_riva_city.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Rijeka"><img alt="Rijeka" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Rijeka_riva_city.png/120px-Rijeka_riva_city.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="73" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Rijeka_riva_city.png/180px-Rijeka_riva_city.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Rijeka_riva_city.png/240px-Rijeka_riva_city.png 2x" data-file-width="1905" data-file-height="1160" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Rijeka" title="Rijeka">Rijeka</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Osijek_(29263092303).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Osijek"><img alt="Osijek" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Osijek_%2829263092303%29.jpg/120px-Osijek_%2829263092303%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Osijek_%2829263092303%29.jpg/180px-Osijek_%2829263092303%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Osijek_%2829263092303%29.jpg/240px-Osijek_%2829263092303%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6016" data-file-height="4016" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Osijek" title="Osijek">Osijek</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">2</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Split,_Croatia" title="Split, Croatia">Split</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Split-Dalmatia_County" title="Split-Dalmatia County">Split-Dalmatia</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">178,102 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">3</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Rijeka" title="Rijeka">Rijeka</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Primorje-Gorski_Kotar_County" title="Primorje-Gorski Kotar County">Primorje-Gorski Kotar</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">128,624 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">4</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Osijek" title="Osijek">Osijek</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Osijek-Baranja_County" title="Osijek-Baranja County">Osijek-Baranja</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">108,048 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">5</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Zadar" title="Zadar">Zadar</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Zadar_County" title="Zadar County">Zadar</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">75,062 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">6</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Pula" title="Pula">Pula</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Istria_County" title="Istria County">Istria</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">57,460 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">7</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Slavonski_Brod" title="Slavonski Brod">Slavonski Brod</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Brod-Posavina_County" title="Brod-Posavina County">Brod-Posavina</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">59,141 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">8</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Karlovac" title="Karlovac">Karlovac</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Karlovac_County" title="Karlovac County">Karlovac</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">55,705 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">9</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Vara%C5%BEdin" title="Varaždin">Varaždin</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Vara%C5%BEdin_County" title="Varaždin County">Varaždin</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">46,946 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">10</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0ibenik" title="Šibenik">Šibenik</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0ibenik-Knin_County" title="Šibenik-Knin County">Šibenik-Knin</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">46,332 </td></tr> </tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Croatia" title="Religion in Croatia">Religion in Croatia</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_cathedrals_in_Croatia" title="List of cathedrals in Croatia">List of cathedrals in Croatia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Croatia" title="Catholic Church in Croatia">Catholic Church in Croatia</a></div> Croatia has no official religion. <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_religion" title="Freedom of religion">Freedom of religion</a> is a Constitutional right that protects all <a href="/wiki/Religious_denomination" title="Religious denomination">religious communities</a> as <a href="/wiki/Separation_of_church_and_state" title="Separation of church and state">equal before the law and considers them separated from the state</a>. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HR-Sibenik-Kathedrale-01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/HR-Sibenik-Kathedrale-01.jpg/220px-HR-Sibenik-Kathedrale-01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/HR-Sibenik-Kathedrale-01.jpg/330px-HR-Sibenik-Kathedrale-01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/HR-Sibenik-Kathedrale-01.jpg/440px-HR-Sibenik-Kathedrale-01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1866" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%C5%A0ibenik_Cathedral" title="Šibenik Cathedral">Šibenik Cathedral</a>, since <a href="/wiki/2000" title="2000">2000</a> on the <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_List" class="mw-redirect" title="World Heritage List">World Heritage List</a></figcaption></figure> According to the 2011 census, 91.36% of Croatians identify as Christian; of these, Catholics make up the largest group, accounting for 86.28% of the population, after which follows <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy" title="Eastern Orthodoxy">Eastern Orthodoxy</a> (4.44%), <a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestantism</a> (0.34%), and other Christians (0.30%). The largest religion after Christianity is <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> (1.47%). 4.57% of the population describe itself as non-religious.<a href="#cite_note-Census2011-religion-276">[271]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/Eurostat" title="Eurostat">Eurostat</a> Eurobarometer Poll of 2010, 69% of the population responded that "they believe there is a God".<a href="#cite_note-277">[272]</a> In a 2009 Gallup poll, 70% answered yes to the question "Is religion an important part of your daily life?"<a href="#cite_note-278">[273]</a> Yet, only 24% of the population attends religious services regularly.<a href="#cite_note-Pew_Survey_2017_-_Final_Topline-279">[274]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Languages">Languages</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Croatian_language" title="Croatian language">Croatian language</a>, <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of Croatia">Languages of Croatia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Minority_languages_of_Croatia" title="Minority languages of Croatia">Minority languages of Croatia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bunjevac_dialect" title="Bunjevac dialect">Bunjevac dialect</a></div> Croatian is the official language of the Republic of Croatia. <a href="/wiki/Minority_languages_of_Croatia" title="Minority languages of Croatia">Minority languages are in official use</a> in local government units where more than a third of the population consists of national minorities or where local enabling legislation applies. Those languages are <a href="/wiki/Czech_language" title="Czech language">Czech</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_language" title="Hungarian language">Hungarian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italian_language_in_Croatia" title="Italian language in Croatia">Italian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Serbian_language_in_Croatia" title="Serbian language in Croatia">Serbian</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Slovak_language" title="Slovak language">Slovak</a>.<a href="#cite_note-280">[275]</a><a href="#cite_note-Franceschini546-281">[276]</a> The following minority languages are also recognised: <a href="/wiki/Albanian_language" title="Albanian language">Albanian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bosnian_language" title="Bosnian language">Bosnian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_language" title="Bulgarian language">Bulgarian</a>, German, <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>, <a href="/wiki/Macedonian_language" title="Macedonian language">Macedonian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Montenegrin_language" title="Montenegrin language">Montenegrin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Romanian_language" title="Romanian language">Romanian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Istro-Romanian_language" title="Istro-Romanian language">Istro-Romanian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Romani_language" title="Romani language">Romani</a>, Russian, <a href="/wiki/Rusyn_language" title="Rusyn language">Rusyn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slovene_language" title="Slovene language">Slovene</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_language" title="Ukrainian language">Ukrainian</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Franceschini546-281">[276]</a> According to the 2011 Census, 95.6% of citizens declared Croatian as their native language, 1.2% declared Serbian as their native language, while no other language reaches more than 0.5%.<a href="#cite_note-Census-2011-languages-282">[277]</a> Croatian is a member of the <a href="/wiki/South_Slavic_languages" title="South Slavic languages">South Slavic languages</a> and is written using the <a href="/wiki/Latin_alphabet" title="Latin alphabet">Latin alphabet</a>. There are three major dialects spoken on the territory of Croatia, with standard Croatian based on the <a href="/wiki/Shtokavian" title="Shtokavian">Shtokavian</a> dialect. The <a href="/wiki/Chakavian" title="Chakavian">Chakavian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kajkavian" title="Kajkavian">Kajkavian</a> dialects are distinguished from Shtokavian by their <a href="/wiki/Lexicon" title="Lexicon">lexicon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phonology" title="Phonology">phonology</a> and <a href="/wiki/Syntax" title="Syntax">syntax</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Brozović-HRV-283">[278]</a> A 2011 survey revealed that 78% of Croats claim knowledge of at least one foreign language.<a href="#cite_note-Index-lang-284">[279]</a> According to a 2005 EC survey, 49% of Croats speak English as the second language, 34% speak German, 14% speak Italian, 10% speak French, 4% speak Russian and 2% speak Spanish. However several large municipalities support <a href="/wiki/Minority_languages_of_Croatia" title="Minority languages of Croatia">minority languages</a>. A majority of Slovenes (59%) have some knowledge of Croatian.<a href="#cite_note-EBS-243-285">[280]</a> The country is a part of various language-based international associations, most notably the <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_European_Union" title="Languages of the European Union">European Union Language Association.</a><a href="#cite_note-286">[281]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Education">Education</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Education_in_Croatia" title="Education in Croatia">Education in Croatia</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/84px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (December 2020)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tleft"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:204px;max-width:204px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:National_and_University_Library_in_Zagreb.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/National_and_University_Library_in_Zagreb.jpg/200px-National_and_University_Library_in_Zagreb.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/National_and_University_Library_in_Zagreb.jpg/300px-National_and_University_Library_in_Zagreb.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/National_and_University_Library_in_Zagreb.jpg/400px-National_and_University_Library_in_Zagreb.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4320" data-file-height="3240" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/National_and_University_Library_in_Zagreb" title="National and University Library in Zagreb">National and University Library</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:University_of_Zagreb.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/University_of_Zagreb.jpg/200px-University_of_Zagreb.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/University_of_Zagreb.jpg/300px-University_of_Zagreb.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/University_of_Zagreb.jpg/400px-University_of_Zagreb.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="1728" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Zagreb" title="University of Zagreb">University of Zagreb</a> is the largest Croatian university and the oldest university in the area covering Central Europe south of <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a> and all of Southeastern Europe.</div></div></div></div></div> Literacy in Croatia stands at 99.2 per cent.<a href="#cite_note-287">[282]</a> Primary education in Croatia starts at the age of six or seven and consists of eight grades. In 2007 a law was passed to increase free, noncompulsory education until 18 years of age. Compulsory education consists of eight grades of elementary school. Secondary education is provided by <a href="/wiki/Gymnasium_(school)" title="Gymnasium (school)">gymnasiums</a> and vocational schools. As of 2019, there are 2,103 elementary schools and 738 schools providing various forms of secondary education.<a href="#cite_note-288">[283]</a> Primary and secondary education are also available in languages of recognised minorities in Croatia, where classes are held in Czech, Hungarian, Italian, Serbian, German and Slovak languages.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE2018_Statistical_Yearbook_of_the_Republic_of_Croatia488–489-289">[284]</a> There are 133 elementary and secondary level <a href="/wiki/Music_school" title="Music school">music</a> and <a href="/wiki/Art_schools" class="mw-redirect" title="Art schools">art schools</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE2018_Statistical_Yearbook_of_the_Republic_of_Croatia486-290">[285]</a> as well as 83 elementary and 44 secondary schools for disabled children and youth<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE2018_Statistical_Yearbook_of_the_Republic_of_Croatia484-485-291">[286]</a> and 11 elementary and 52 secondary schools for adults.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE2018_Statistical_Yearbook_of_the_Republic_of_Croatia485-292">[287]</a> Nationwide <a href="/wiki/Leaving_exams" class="mw-redirect" title="Leaving exams">leaving exams</a> (<a href="/wiki/Croatian_language" title="Croatian language">Croatian</a>: državna matura) were introduced for secondary education students in the school year 2009–2010. It comprises three compulsory subjects (Croatian language, mathematics, and a foreign language) and optional subjects and is a prerequisite for university education.<a href="#cite_note-MZOS-Matura-293">[288]</a> Croatia has eight public universities and two private universities.<a href="#cite_note-iro-294">[289]</a> The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Zadar" title="University of Zadar">University of Zadar</a>, the first university in Croatia, was founded in 1396 and remained active until 1807, when other institutions of higher education took over until the foundation of the renewed University of Zadar in 2002.<a href="#cite_note-Zadar-Uni-295">[290]</a> The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Zagreb" title="University of Zagreb">University of Zagreb</a>, founded in 1669, is the oldest continuously operating university in Southeast Europe.<a href="#cite_note-Zagreb-Uni-296">[291]</a> There are also 15 <a href="/wiki/Institute_of_technology" title="Institute of technology">polytechnics</a>, of which two are private, and 30 higher education institutions, of which 27 are private.<a href="#cite_note-iro-294">[289]</a> In total, there are 131 institutions of higher education in Croatia, attended by more than 160 thousand students.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE2018_Statistical_Yearbook_of_the_Republic_of_Croatia490-297">[292]</a> There are 254 companies, government or education system institutions and non-profit organisations in Croatia pursuing scientific research and development of technology. Combined, they spent around 3 billion kuna (€400 million) gross and employed 11,801 full-time research staff in 2016.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE2018_Statistical_Yearbook_of_the_Republic_of_Croatia503-298">[293]</a> Among the scientific institutes operating in Croatia, the largest is the <a href="/wiki/Ru%C4%91er_Bo%C5%A1kovi%C4%87_Institute" title="Ruđer Bošković Institute">Ruđer Bošković Institute</a> in Zagreb.<a href="#cite_note-JL-IRB-299">[294]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Croatian_Academy_of_Sciences_and_Arts" title="Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts">Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts</a> in Zagreb is a <a href="/wiki/Learned_society" title="Learned society">learned society</a> promoting language, culture, arts and science from its inception in 1866.<a href="#cite_note-HAZU-founding-300">[295]</a> Croatia was ranked 43rd in the <a href="/wiki/Global_Innovation_Index" title="Global Innovation Index">Global Innovation Index</a> in 2024.<a href="#cite_note-301">[296]</a> The <a href="/wiki/European_Investment_Bank" title="European Investment Bank">European Investment Bank</a> provided digital infrastructure and equipment to around 150 primary and secondary schools in Croatia. Twenty of these schools got specialised assistance in the form of gear, software, and services to help them integrate the teaching and administrative operations.<a href="#cite_note-:13-302">[297]</a><a href="#cite_note-303">[298]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Healthcare">Healthcare</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Croatia" title="Healthcare in Croatia">Healthcare in Croatia</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:KBC_Rebro_aerial.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/KBC_Rebro_aerial.jpg/220px-KBC_Rebro_aerial.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/KBC_Rebro_aerial.jpg/330px-KBC_Rebro_aerial.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/KBC_Rebro_aerial.jpg/440px-KBC_Rebro_aerial.jpg 2x" data-file-width="751" data-file-height="530" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/University_Hospital_Centre_Zagreb" title="University Hospital Centre Zagreb">University Hospital Centre Zagreb</a> is the largest hospital in Croatia and the teaching hospital of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Zagreb" title="University of Zagreb">University of Zagreb</a>.</figcaption></figure> Croatia has a <a href="/wiki/Universal_health_care" title="Universal health care">universal health care</a> system, whose roots can be traced back to the Hungarian-Croatian Parliament Act of 1891, providing a form of mandatory insurance of all factory workers and craftsmen.<a href="#cite_note-RSP-1891-304">[299]</a> The population is covered by a basic health insurance plan provided by statute and optional insurance. In 2017, annual healthcare related expenditures reached 22.2 billion kuna (around €3.0 billion).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE2018_Statistical_Yearbook_of_the_Republic_of_Croatia546-305">[300]</a> Healthcare expenditures comprise only 0.6% of private health insurance and public spending.<a href="#cite_note-Vjesnik-Zdravstvo-306">[301]</a> In 2017, Croatia spent around 6.6% of its GDP on healthcare.<a href="#cite_note-307">[302]</a> In 2020, Croatia ranked 41st in the world in life expectancy with 76.0 years for men and 82.0 years for women, and it had a low <a href="/wiki/Infant_mortality_rate" class="mw-redirect" title="Infant mortality rate">infant mortality rate</a> of 3.4 per 1,000 <a href="/wiki/Live_birth_(human)" title="Live birth (human)">live births</a>.<a href="#cite_note-308">[303]</a> There are hundreds of healthcare institutions in Croatia, including 75 hospitals, and 13 clinics with 23,049 beds. The hospitals and clinics care for more than 700 thousand patients per year and employ 6,642 <a href="/wiki/Medical_doctors" class="mw-redirect" title="Medical doctors">medical doctors</a>, including 4,773 specialists.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE2018_Statistical_Yearbook_of_the_Republic_of_Croatia525-309">[304]</a> There is a total of 69,841 health workers.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE2018_Statistical_Yearbook_of_the_Republic_of_Croatia524-310">[305]</a> There are 119 emergency units in health centres, responding to more than a million calls.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE2018_Statistical_Yearbook_of_the_Republic_of_Croatia532-311">[306]</a> The principal cause of death in 2016 was <a href="/wiki/Cardiovascular_disease" title="Cardiovascular disease">cardiovascular disease</a> at 39.7% for men and 50.1% for women, followed by tumours, at 32.5% for men and 23.4% for women.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE2018_Statistical_Yearbook_of_the_Republic_of_Croatia118-312">[307]</a> In 2016 it was estimated that 37.0% of Croatians are smokers.<a href="#cite_note-313">[308]</a> According to 2016 data, 24.40% of the Croatian adult population is obese.<a href="#cite_note-314">[309]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Language">Language</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Croatian_language" title="Croatian language">Croatian language</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Shtokavian_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Shtokavian dialect">Shtokavian dialect</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chakavian_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Chakavian dialect">Chakavian dialect</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kajkavian_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Kajkavian dialect">Kajkavian dialect</a></div> Standard <a href="/wiki/Croatian_language" title="Croatian language">Croatian</a> is the official language of the Republic of Croatia,<a href="#cite_note-315">[310]</a> and has been an <a href="/wiki/Official_languages_of_the_European_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Official languages of the European Union">official language of the European Union</a> since Croatia's accession in 2013.<a href="#cite_note-Ustav-RH-316">[311]</a><a href="#cite_note-VL-Hrvatski-EU-317">[312]</a> Croatian replaced <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> as the official language of the Croatian government in the 19th century.<a href="#cite_note-Iadertina-Hr-318">[313]</a> Following the <a href="/wiki/Vienna_Literary_Agreement" title="Vienna Literary Agreement">Vienna Literary Agreement</a> in 1850, the language and its Latin alphabet underwent reforms to create an unified "Croatian or Serbian" or "<a href="/wiki/Serbo-Croatian" title="Serbo-Croatian">Serbo-Croatian</a>" standard, which under various names became the official language of <a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia" title="Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-319">[314]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" title="Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">SFR Yugoslavia</a>, from 1972 to 1989, the language was constitutionally designated as the "Croatian literary language" and the "Croatian or Serbian language". It was the result of a resistance to and <a href="/wiki/Language_secessionism" title="Language secessionism">secession</a> from "Serbo-Croatian" in the form of the <a href="/wiki/Declaration_on_the_Status_and_Name_of_the_Croatian_Literary_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Declaration on the Status and Name of the Croatian Literary Language">Declaration on the Status and Name of the Croatian Literary Language</a> as part of the <a href="/wiki/Croatian_Spring" title="Croatian Spring">Croatian Spring</a>.<a href="#cite_note-320">[315]</a> Since gaining independence in the early 1990s, the Republic of Croatia constitutionally designates the language as "Croatian language" and regulates it through <a href="/wiki/Linguistic_prescription" title="Linguistic prescription">linguistic prescription</a>. The long-standing aspiration for development of its own expressions and thus enrichment of the language, as opposed to the adoption of foreign solutions in the form of <a href="/wiki/Loanwords" class="mw-redirect" title="Loanwords">loanwords</a>, has been described by linguists as <a href="/wiki/Croatian_linguistic_purism" title="Croatian linguistic purism">Croatian linguistic purism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-321">[316]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Croatia" title="Culture of Croatia">Culture of Croatia</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Sites_in_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="World Heritage Sites in Croatia">World Heritage Sites in Croatia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Register_of_Cultural_Goods_of_Croatia" title="Register of Cultural Goods of Croatia">Register of Cultural Goods of Croatia</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Trogir_promen%C3%A1da_B%C3%A1na_Berislavi%C4%87e.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Trogir_promen%C3%A1da_B%C3%A1na_Berislavi%C4%87e.jpg/220px-Trogir_promen%C3%A1da_B%C3%A1na_Berislavi%C4%87e.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Trogir_promen%C3%A1da_B%C3%A1na_Berislavi%C4%87e.jpg/330px-Trogir_promen%C3%A1da_B%C3%A1na_Berislavi%C4%87e.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Trogir_promen%C3%A1da_B%C3%A1na_Berislavi%C4%87e.jpg/440px-Trogir_promen%C3%A1da_B%C3%A1na_Berislavi%C4%87e.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3091" /></a><figcaption>The historic centre of <a href="/wiki/Trogir" title="Trogir">Trogir</a> has been included in the <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> list of <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a> since 1997.<a href="#cite_note-322">[317]</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pola,_anfiteatro,_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Pola%2C_anfiteatro%2C_01.jpg/220px-Pola%2C_anfiteatro%2C_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Pola%2C_anfiteatro%2C_01.jpg/330px-Pola%2C_anfiteatro%2C_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Pola%2C_anfiteatro%2C_01.jpg/440px-Pola%2C_anfiteatro%2C_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2432" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Pula_Arena" title="Pula Arena">Pula Arena</a>, Roman amphitheatre located in <a href="/wiki/Pula" title="Pula">Pula</a>, constructed between 27 BC and AD 68.</figcaption></figure> Because of its geographical position, Croatia represents a blend of four different cultural spheres. It has been a crossroads of influences from western culture and the east since the schism between the <a href="/wiki/Western_Roman_Empire" title="Western Roman Empire">Western Roman Empire</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a>, and also from <a href="/wiki/Central_Europe" title="Central Europe">Central Europe</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Mediterranean culture">Mediterranean culture</a>.<a href="#cite_note-HTZ-History-Culture-323">[318]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Illyrian_movement" title="Illyrian movement">Illyrian movement</a> was the most significant period of national cultural history, as the 19th century proved crucial to the emancipation of Croatians and saw unprecedented developments in all fields of art and culture, giving rise to many <a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Croatia" title="List of people from Croatia">historical figures</a>.<a href="#cite_note-CRIS-Stančić-65">[60]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Culture_(Croatia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Culture (Croatia)">Ministry of Culture</a> is tasked with preserving the nation's <a href="/wiki/Natural_and_Cultural_Heritage_of_Croatia" title="Natural and Cultural Heritage of Croatia">cultural and natural heritage</a> and overseeing its development. Further activities supporting the development of culture are undertaken at the local government level.<a href="#cite_note-MKult-Djelokrug-324">[319]</a> The <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a>'s <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Sites_by_country" title="World Heritage Sites by country">World Heritage List</a> includes <a href="/wiki/Ten_sites_in_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="Ten sites in Croatia">ten sites in Croatia</a> and a list of Intangible Cultural Heritage of Croatia.<a href="#cite_note-325">[320]</a> The country is also rich with <a href="/wiki/Intangible_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Intangible culture">intangible culture</a> and holds 15 of <a href="/wiki/UNESCO%27s_World%27s_intangible_culture_masterpieces" class="mw-redirect" title="UNESCO's World's intangible culture masterpieces">UNESCO's World's intangible culture masterpieces</a>, ranking fourth in the world.<a href="#cite_note-326">[321]</a> A global cultural contribution from Croatia is the necktie, derived from the <a href="/wiki/Cravat_(early)" title="Cravat (early)">cravat</a> originally worn by the 17th-century Croatian mercenaries in France.<a href="#cite_note-NYT-tie-327">[322]</a><a href="#cite_note-Huzjan-328">[323]</a> In 2019, Croatia had 95 professional theatres, 30 professional children's theatres, and 51 amateur theatres visited by more than 2.27 million viewers per year. Professional theatres employ 1,195 artists. There are 42 professional orchestras, ensembles, and choirs, attracting an annual attendance of 297 thousand. There are 75 cinemas with 166 screens and attendance of 5.026 million.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE2018_Statistical_Yearbook_of_the_Republic_of_Croatia512–513-329">[324]</a> Croatia has 222 museums, visited by more than 2.71 million people in 2016. Furthermore, there are 1,768 libraries, containing 26.8 million volumes, and 19 state archives.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE2018_Statistical_Yearbook_of_the_Republic_of_Croatia516–521-330">[325]</a> The book publishing market is dominated by several major publishers and the industry's centrepiece event—<a href="/wiki/Interliber" title="Interliber">Interliber</a> exhibition held annually at <a href="/wiki/Zagreb_Fair" title="Zagreb Fair">Zagreb Fair</a>.<a href="#cite_note-JL-Interliber-331">[326]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Arts,_literature,_and_music">Arts, literature, and music</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Croatian_art" title="Croatian art">Croatian art</a>, <a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Croatia" title="Architecture of Croatia">Architecture of Croatia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Croatian_literature" title="Croatian literature">Croatian literature</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Croatian_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Croatian music">Croatian music</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:247px;max-width:247px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:124px;max-width:124px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:157px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Peristyle,_Split_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Peristyle%2C_Split_2.jpg/122px-Peristyle%2C_Split_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="122" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Peristyle%2C_Split_2.jpg/183px-Peristyle%2C_Split_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Peristyle%2C_Split_2.jpg/244px-Peristyle%2C_Split_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="619" data-file-height="800" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Historical nucleus of <a href="/wiki/Split,_Croatia" title="Split, Croatia">Split</a> with the 4th-century <a href="/wiki/Diocletian%27s_Palace" title="Diocletian's Palace">Diocletian's Palace</a> was inscribed on the <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> list of <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Sites</a> in 1979.</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:119px;max-width:119px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:157px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:EuphrasiusBasilika.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/EuphrasiusBasilika.jpg/117px-EuphrasiusBasilika.jpg" decoding="async" width="117" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/EuphrasiusBasilika.jpg/176px-EuphrasiusBasilika.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/EuphrasiusBasilika.jpg/234px-EuphrasiusBasilika.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1712" data-file-height="2288" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Euphrasian_Basilica" title="Euphrasian Basilica">Euphrasian Basilica</a> in <a href="/wiki/Pore%C4%8D" title="Poreč">Poreč</a>, example of early <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_architecture" title="Byzantine architecture">Byzantine architecture</a>, on the <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_List" class="mw-redirect" title="World Heritage List">World Heritage List</a> since 1997</div></div></div></div></div> Architecture in Croatia reflects influences of bordering nations. Austrian and Hungarian influence is visible in public spaces and buildings in the north and the central regions, architecture found along coasts of Dalmatia and Istria exhibits Venetian influence.<a href="#cite_note-332">[327]</a> Squares named after culture heroes, parks, and pedestrian-only zones, are features of Croatian towns and cities, especially where large scale <a href="/wiki/Baroque_architecture" title="Baroque architecture">Baroque</a> urban planning took place, for instance in Osijek (<a href="/wiki/Tvr%C4%91a" title="Tvrđa">Tvrđa</a>), Varaždin, and Karlovac.<a href="#cite_note-Telegraph-Baroque-333">[328]</a><a href="#cite_note-JL-Karlovac-Baroque-334">[329]</a> The subsequent influence of the <a href="/wiki/Art_Nouveau" title="Art Nouveau">Art Nouveau</a> was reflected in contemporary architecture.<a href="#cite_note-IPU-Art-Nouveau-335">[330]</a> The architecture is the Mediterranean with a Venetian and Renaissance influence in major coastal urban areas exemplified in works of <a href="/wiki/Giorgio_da_Sebenico" title="Giorgio da Sebenico">Giorgio da Sebenico</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicolas_of_Florence&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nicolas of Florence (page does not exist)">Nicolas of Florence</a> such as the <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0ibenik_Cathedral" title="Šibenik Cathedral">Cathedral of St. James</a> in Šibenik. The oldest preserved examples of Croatian architecture are the 9th-century churches, with the largest and the most representative among them being <a href="/wiki/Church_of_St._Donatus" title="Church of St. Donatus">Church of St. Donatus</a> in <a href="/wiki/Zadar" title="Zadar">Zadar</a>.<a href="#cite_note-MVPEI-Art-336">[331]</a><a href="#cite_note-TZZadar-Donat-337">[332]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Marco_Marulo_1903_Ljetopis_dru%C5%A1tva_hrvatskih_knji%C5%BEevnika_za_1900-1903.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Marco_Marulo_1903_Ljetopis_dru%C5%A1tva_hrvatskih_knji%C5%BEevnika_za_1900-1903.jpg/170px-Marco_Marulo_1903_Ljetopis_dru%C5%A1tva_hrvatskih_knji%C5%BEevnika_za_1900-1903.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Marco_Marulo_1903_Ljetopis_dru%C5%A1tva_hrvatskih_knji%C5%BEevnika_za_1900-1903.jpg/255px-Marco_Marulo_1903_Ljetopis_dru%C5%A1tva_hrvatskih_knji%C5%BEevnika_za_1900-1903.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Marco_Marulo_1903_Ljetopis_dru%C5%A1tva_hrvatskih_knji%C5%BEevnika_za_1900-1903.jpg/340px-Marco_Marulo_1903_Ljetopis_dru%C5%A1tva_hrvatskih_knji%C5%BEevnika_za_1900-1903.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1014" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Marko_Maruli%C4%87" title="Marko Marulić">Marko Marulić</a> (18 August 1450 – 5 January 1524), Croatian poet, lawyer, judge, and Renaissance humanist who coined the term "<a href="/wiki/Psychology" title="Psychology">psychology</a>". He is the <a href="/wiki/National_poet" title="National poet">national poet</a> of Croatia.</figcaption></figure> Besides the architecture encompassing the oldest artworks, there is a history of artists in Croatia reaching the Middle Ages. In that period the stone portal of the <a href="/wiki/Trogir_Cathedral" title="Trogir Cathedral">Trogir Cathedral</a> was made by <a href="/wiki/Radovan_(master)" title="Radovan (master)">Radovan</a>, representing the most important monument of <a href="/wiki/Romanesque_art" title="Romanesque art">Romanesque</a> sculpture from <a href="/wiki/Croatia_in_the_union_with_Hungary" class="mw-redirect" title="Croatia in the union with Hungary">Medieval Croatia</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Renaissance_in_Croatia" title="Renaissance in Croatia">Renaissance</a> had the greatest impact on the Adriatic Sea coast since the remainder was embroiled in the Hundred Years' Croatian–Ottoman War. With the waning of the Ottoman Empire, art flourished during the <a href="/wiki/Baroque" title="Baroque">Baroque</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rococo" title="Rococo">Rococo</a>. The 19th and 20th centuries brought affirmation of numerous Croatian artisans, helped by several patrons of the arts such as bishop <a href="/wiki/Josip_Juraj_Strossmayer" title="Josip Juraj Strossmayer">Josip Juraj Strossmayer</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Essehist-Strossmayer-338">[333]</a> Croatian artists of the period achieving renown were <a href="/wiki/Vlaho_Bukovac" title="Vlaho Bukovac">Vlaho Bukovac</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Me%C5%A1trovi%C4%87" title="Ivan Meštrović">Ivan Meštrović</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Generali%C4%87" title="Ivan Generalić">Ivan Generalić</a>.<a href="#cite_note-MVPEI-Art-336">[331]</a><a href="#cite_note-:0-339">[334]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bascanska_ploca.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Bascanska_ploca.jpg/220px-Bascanska_ploca.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Bascanska_ploca.jpg/330px-Bascanska_ploca.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Bascanska_ploca.jpg/440px-Bascanska_ploca.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="509" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Ba%C5%A1ka_tablet" title="Baška tablet">Baška tablet</a> is the oldest <a href="/wiki/Glagolitic_script" title="Glagolitic script">Glagolitic</a> monument in Croatia. It documents the donation of land gifted by <a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of rulers of Croatia">Croatian</a> <a href="/wiki/Demetrius_Zvonimir_of_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="Demetrius Zvonimir of Croatia">King Dmitar Zvonimir</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Benedictines" title="Benedictines">Benedictine</a> monastery of St Lucy.</figcaption></figure> The Baška tablet, a stone inscribed with the <a href="/wiki/Glagolitic_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Glagolitic alphabet">glagolitic alphabet</a> found on the Krk island and dated to <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1100, is considered to be the oldest surviving prose in Croatian.<a href="#cite_note-KRK-Baška-340">[335]</a> The beginning of more vigorous development of Croatian literature is marked by the Renaissance and <a href="/wiki/Marko_Maruli%C4%87" title="Marko Marulić">Marko Marulić</a>. Besides Marulić, Renaissance playwright <a href="/wiki/Marin_Dr%C5%BEi%C4%87" title="Marin Držić">Marin Držić</a>, Baroque poet <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Gunduli%C4%87" title="Ivan Gundulić">Ivan Gundulić</a>, <a href="/wiki/Croatian_national_revival" class="mw-redirect" title="Croatian national revival">Croatian national revival</a> poet <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Ma%C5%BEurani%C4%87" title="Ivan Mažuranić">Ivan Mažuranić</a>, novelist, playwright, and poet <a href="/wiki/August_%C5%A0enoa" title="August Šenoa">August Šenoa</a>, children's writer <a href="/wiki/Ivana_Brli%C4%87-Ma%C5%BEurani%C4%87" title="Ivana Brlić-Mažuranić">Ivana Brlić-Mažuranić</a>, writer and journalist <a href="/wiki/Marija_Juri%C4%87_Zagorka" title="Marija Jurić Zagorka">Marija Jurić Zagorka</a>, poet and writer <a href="/wiki/Antun_Gustav_Mato%C5%A1" title="Antun Gustav Matoš">Antun Gustav Matoš</a>, poet <a href="/wiki/Antun_Branko_%C5%A0imi%C4%87" title="Antun Branko Šimić">Antun Branko Šimić</a>, <a href="/wiki/Expressionist" class="mw-redirect" title="Expressionist">expressionist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Realism_(arts)" title="Realism (arts)">realist</a> writer <a href="/wiki/Miroslav_Krle%C5%BEa" title="Miroslav Krleža">Miroslav Krleža</a>, poet <a href="/wiki/Tin_Ujevi%C4%87" title="Tin Ujević">Tin Ujević</a> and novelist, and short story writer <a href="/wiki/Ivo_Andri%C4%87" title="Ivo Andrić">Ivo Andrić</a> are often cited as the greatest figures in Croatian literature.<a href="#cite_note-LZMK-341">[336]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYT-Readerguide-342">[337]</a> Croatian music varies from classical operas to modern-day rock. <a href="/wiki/Vatroslav_Lisinski" title="Vatroslav Lisinski">Vatroslav Lisinski</a> created the country's first opera, Love and Malice, in 1846. <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Zajc" title="Ivan Zajc">Ivan Zajc</a> composed more than a thousand pieces of music, including masses and oratorios. Pianist <a href="/wiki/Ivo_Pogoreli%C4%87" title="Ivo Pogorelić">Ivo Pogorelić</a> has performed across the world.<a href="#cite_note-:0-339">[334]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Media">Media</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Media_of_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Croatia">Media of Croatia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Croatia" title="Cinema of Croatia">Cinema of Croatia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Television_in_Croatia" title="Television in Croatia">Television in Croatia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_Croatia" title="List of radio stations in Croatia">List of radio stations in Croatia</a></div> In Croatia, the Constitution guarantees the freedom of the press and the freedom of speech.<a href="#cite_note-worldpress-343">[338]</a> Croatia ranked 64th in the 2019 <a href="/wiki/Press_Freedom_Index" class="mw-redirect" title="Press Freedom Index">Press Freedom Index</a> report compiled by <a href="/wiki/Reporters_Without_Borders" title="Reporters Without Borders">Reporters Without Borders</a> which noted that journalists who investigate corruption, organised crime or war crimes face challenges and that the Government was trying to influence the public broadcaster <a href="/wiki/Croatian_Radiotelevision" title="Croatian Radiotelevision">HRT</a>'s editorial policies.<a href="#cite_note-index-344">[339]</a> In its 2019 Freedom in the World report, the <a href="/wiki/Freedom_House" title="Freedom House">Freedom House</a> classified freedoms of press and speech in Croatia as generally free from political interference and manipulation, noting that journalists still face threats and occasional attacks.<a href="#cite_note-345">[340]</a> The state-owned news agency <a href="/wiki/HINA" class="mw-redirect" title="HINA">HINA</a> runs a <a href="/wiki/Wire_service" class="mw-redirect" title="Wire service">wire service</a> in Croatian and English on politics, economics, society, and culture.<a href="#cite_note-HINA-about-346">[341]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Zgrada_HRT_Zagreb.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Zgrada_HRT_Zagreb.jpg/220px-Zgrada_HRT_Zagreb.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Zgrada_HRT_Zagreb.jpg/330px-Zgrada_HRT_Zagreb.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Zgrada_HRT_Zagreb.jpg/440px-Zgrada_HRT_Zagreb.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1201" data-file-height="580" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Radio" title="Croatian Radio">Radio Zagreb</a>, now a part of <a href="/wiki/Croatian_language" title="Croatian language">Croatian</a> national <a href="/wiki/Public_broadcasting" title="Public broadcasting">public broadcasting</a> company, <a href="/wiki/Croatian_Radiotelevision" title="Croatian Radiotelevision">Croatian Radiotelevision</a>, was the first public radio station in <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Europe" title="Southeast Europe">Southeast Europe</a>.<a href="#cite_note-347">[342]</a></figcaption></figure> As of January 2021<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Croatia&action=edit">[update]</a>, there are thirteen nationwide free-to-air <a href="/wiki/DVB-T" title="DVB-T">DVB-T</a> television channels, with <a href="/wiki/Croatian_Radiotelevision" title="Croatian Radiotelevision">Croatian Radiotelevision</a> (HRT) operating four, <a href="/wiki/RTL_(Croatian_TV_channel)" title="RTL (Croatian TV channel)">RTL Televizija</a> three, and <a href="/wiki/Nova_TV_(Croatia)" title="Nova TV (Croatia)">Nova TV</a> operating two channels, and the <a href="/wiki/Croatian_Olympic_Committee" title="Croatian Olympic Committee">Croatian Olympic Committee</a>, Kapital Net d.o.o., and Author d.o.o. companies operate the remaining three.<a href="#cite_note-348">[343]</a> Also, there are 21 regional or local DVB-T television channels.<a href="#cite_note-OIV-DVBT-349">[344]</a> The HRT is also broadcasting a satellite TV channel.<a href="#cite_note-HRT-Sat-350">[345]</a> In 2020, there were 147 radio stations and 27 TV stations in Croatia.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE2018_Statistical_Yearbook_of_the_Republic_of_Croatia510-351">[346]</a><a href="#cite_note-352">[347]</a> Cable television and <a href="/wiki/IPTV" class="mw-redirect" title="IPTV">IPTV</a> networks are gaining ground. Cable television already serves 450 thousand people, around 10% of the total population of the country.<a href="#cite_note-Lider-IPTV-353">[348]</a><a href="#cite_note-JL-cableTV-354">[349]</a> In 2010, 267 newspapers and 2,676 magazines were published in Croatia.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE2018_Statistical_Yearbook_of_the_Republic_of_Croatia510-351">[346]</a> The print media market is dominated by the Croatian-owned <a href="/wiki/Hanza_Media" title="Hanza Media">Hanza Media</a> and Austrian-owned <a href="/wiki/Styria_Media_Group" title="Styria Media Group">Styria Media Group</a> who publish their flagship dailies <a href="/wiki/Jutarnji_list" title="Jutarnji list">Jutarnji list</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ve%C4%8Dernji_list" title="Večernji list">Večernji list</a> and <a href="/wiki/24sata_(Croatia)" title="24sata (Croatia)">24sata</a>. Other influential newspapers are <a href="/wiki/Novi_list" title="Novi list">Novi list</a> and <a href="/wiki/Slobodna_Dalmacija" title="Slobodna Dalmacija">Slobodna Dalmacija</a>.<a href="#cite_note-EPH-Print-355">[350]</a><a href="#cite_note-Styria-dailies-356">[351]</a> In 2020, 24sata was the most widely circulated daily newspaper, followed by Večernji list and Jutarnji list.<a href="#cite_note-357">[352]</a><a href="#cite_note-358">[353]</a> <a href="/wiki/Croatia_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Croatia in the Eurovision Song Contest">Croatia</a> competed in the <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Eurovision Song Contest">Eurovision Song Contest</a> as part of <a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest" title="Yugoslavia in the Eurovision Song Contest">Yugoslavia</a> since 1961. The first and only victory Yugoslavia achieved in the competition was accomplished by the Croatian pop band <a href="/wiki/Riva_(band)" title="Riva (band)">Riva</a> in 1989. Since its debut at the <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1993" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1993">1993 contest</a>, Croatia won two fourth places at the <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1996" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1996">1996</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_1999" title="Eurovision Song Contest 1999">1999</a> contests, and one second place at the <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2024" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2024">2024 contest</a>, marking the country's best result to date as an independent nation.<a href="#cite_note-359">[354]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Film_Industry">Film Industry</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Croatia" title="Cinema of Croatia">Cinema of Croatia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Television_in_Croatia" title="Television in Croatia">Television in Croatia</a></div> Croatia's film industry is small and heavily subsidised by the government, mainly through grants approved by the Ministry of Culture with films often being co-produced by HRT.<a href="#cite_note-JL-Film-360">[355]</a><a href="#cite_note-HRT-coproducing-361">[356]</a> Croatian cinema produces between five and ten feature films per year.<a href="#cite_note-362">[357]</a> <a href="/wiki/Pula_Film_Festival" title="Pula Film Festival">Pula Film Festival</a>, the national film awards event held annually in <a href="/wiki/Pula" title="Pula">Pula</a>, is the most prestigious film event featuring national and international productions.<a href="#cite_note-Vjesnik-PulaFilm-363">[358]</a> <a href="/wiki/Animafest_Zagreb" title="Animafest Zagreb">Animafest Zagreb</a>, founded in 1972, is the prestigious annual film festival dedicated to the animated film. The first greatest accomplishment by Croatian filmmakers was achieved by <a href="/wiki/Du%C5%A1an_Vukoti%C4%87" title="Dušan Vukotić">Dušan Vukotić</a> when he won the 1961 <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Animated_Short_Film" title="Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film">Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film</a> for <a href="/wiki/Surogat" title="Surogat">Ersatz</a> (<a href="/wiki/Croatian_language" title="Croatian language">Croatian</a>: Surogat).<a href="#cite_note-Vjesnik-surogat-364">[359]</a> Croatian film producer <a href="/wiki/Branko_Lustig" title="Branko Lustig">Branko Lustig</a> won the <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Picture" title="Academy Award for Best Picture">Academy Awards for Best Picture</a> for <a href="/wiki/Schindler%27s_List" title="Schindler's List">Schindler's List</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gladiator_(2000_film)" title="Gladiator (2000 film)">Gladiator</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Film_Producer_Branko_Lustig_Becomes_Honorary_Citizen_of_Zagreb-365">[360]</a> In addition to that, Croatian filmmaker <a href="/w/index.php?title=Neboj%C5%A1a_Slijep%C4%8Devi%C4%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nebojša Slijepčević (page does not exist)">Nebojša Slijepčević</a> [<a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neboj%C5%A1a_Slijep%C4%8Devi%C4%87" class="extiw" title="hr:Nebojša Slijepčević">hr</a>] got nominated for <a href="/wiki/97th_Academy_Awards" title="97th Academy Awards">97th Academy Awards</a> in category for <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Live_Action_Short_Film" title="Academy Award for Best Live Action Short Film">Best Live Action Short Film</a> for his 2024 movie <a href="/wiki/The_Man_Who_Could_Not_Remain_Silent" title="The Man Who Could Not Remain Silent">The Man Who Could Not Remain Silent</a> (<a href="/wiki/Croatian_language" title="Croatian language">Croatian</a>: Čovjek koji nije mogao šutjeti), making it first Croatian nomination in that category, and first since it's <a href="/wiki/Croatian_independence" class="mw-redirect" title="Croatian independence">independence</a>.<a href="#cite_note-366">[361]</a> Before and since its <a href="/wiki/Independence_of_Croatia" title="Independence of Croatia">independence</a>, Croatia has become a popular filming destination amongs international filming productions, and a lot of <a href="/wiki/Blockbuster_(entertainment)" title="Blockbuster (entertainment)">blockbuster</a> films and TV series have been filmed in Croatia including: <a href="/wiki/Game_of_Thrones" title="Game of Thrones">Game of Thrones</a>, <a href="/wiki/Star_Wars:_The_Last_Jedi" title="Star Wars: The Last Jedi">Star Wars: The Last Jedi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robin_Hood_(2018_film)" title="Robin Hood (2018 film)">Robin Hood</a> in Dubrovnik, <a href="/wiki/Speak_No_Evil_(2024_film)" title="Speak No Evil (2024 film)">Speak No Evil</a> and <a href="/wiki/Season_of_the_Witch_(2011_film)" title="Season of the Witch (2011 film)">Season of the Witch</a> in Istria, <a href="/wiki/Infinity_Pool_(film)" title="Infinity Pool (film)">Infinity Pool</a> in Šibenik, <a href="/wiki/Canary_Black" title="Canary Black">Canary Black</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hitman%27s_Wife%27s_Bodyguard" title="Hitman's Wife's Bodyguard">Hitman's Wife's Bodyguard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sophie%27s_Choice_(film)" title="Sophie's Choice (film)">Sophie's Choice</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fiddler_on_the_Roof_(film)" title="Fiddler on the Roof (film)">Fiddler on the roof</a> in Zagreb, <a href="/wiki/Mamma_Mia!_Here_We_Go_Again" title="Mamma Mia! Here We Go Again">Mamma Mia! Here We Go Again</a> on island of Vis, <a href="/wiki/Hercules_(2014_film)" title="Hercules (2014 film)">Hercules</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Weekend_Away" title="The Weekend Away">The Weekend Away</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bliss_(2021_film)" title="Bliss (2021 film)">Bliss</a> in Split, <a href="/wiki/The_Peacemaker_(1997_film)" title="The Peacemaker (1997 film)">The Peacemaker</a> and many others.<a href="#cite_note-367">[362]</a><a href="#cite_note-368">[363]</a> Croatia became international filming location due to its biodiversity, landscape that can accommodate every visual requirements and cheaper filming costs.<a href="#cite_note-369">[364]</a><a href="#cite_note-370">[365]</a> In last 11 years there has been 122 projects for international films in Croatia, and €263 million spent as part of the Filming in Croatia which increased in last years due to high demand for its location.<a href="#cite_note-371">[366]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cuisine">Cuisine</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Croatian_cuisine" title="Croatian cuisine">Croatian cuisine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Croatian_wine" title="Croatian wine">Croatian wine</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kuhane_strukle_0210_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Kuhane_strukle_0210_1.jpg/220px-Kuhane_strukle_0210_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Kuhane_strukle_0210_1.jpg/330px-Kuhane_strukle_0210_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Kuhane_strukle_0210_1.jpg/440px-Kuhane_strukle_0210_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="796" data-file-height="439" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Zagorski_%C5%A1trukli" title="Zagorski štrukli">Zagorski štrukli</a></figcaption></figure> Croatian traditional cuisine varies from one region to another. Dalmatia and Istria have culinary influences of <a href="/wiki/Italian_cuisine" title="Italian cuisine">Italian</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_cuisine" title="Mediterranean cuisine">Mediterranean cuisines</a> which prominently feature various seafood, cooked vegetables and pasta, and condiments such as olive oil and garlic. <a href="/wiki/Austrian_cuisine" title="Austrian cuisine">Austrian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_cuisine" title="Hungarian cuisine">Hungarian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turkish_cuisine" title="Turkish cuisine">Turkish</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Balkan_cuisine" title="Balkan cuisine">Balkan</a> culinary styles influenced continental cuisine. In that area, meats, freshwater fish, and vegetable dishes are predominant.<a href="#cite_note-HTZ-cuisine-372">[367]</a> There are two distinct wine-producing regions in Croatia. The continental in the northeast of the country, especially Slavonia, produces premium wines, particularly whites. Along the north coast, Istrian and Krk wines are similar to those in neighbouring Italy, while further south in Dalmatia, Mediterranean-style red wines are the norm.<a href="#cite_note-HTZ-cuisine-372">[367]</a> Annual production of wine exceeds 72 million litres as of 2017<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Croatia&action=edit">[update]</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE2018_Statistical_Yearbook_of_the_Republic_of_Croatia265-373">[368]</a> Croatia was almost exclusively a wine-consuming country up until the late 18th century when a more massive beer production and consumption started.<a href="#cite_note-skenderovic-374">[369]</a> There are 11 restaurants in Croatia with a <a href="/wiki/Michelin_star" class="mw-redirect" title="Michelin star">Michelin star</a> and 89 restaurants bearing some of the Michelin's marks.<a href="#cite_note-375">[370]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sports">Sports</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Croatia" title="Sport in Croatia">Sport in Croatia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Croatia_at_the_Olympics" title="Croatia at the Olympics">Croatia at the Olympics</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/84px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (January 2021)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a>. Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Croatia" title="Special:EditPage/Croatia">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (January 2022) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Croatia_WC2018_final.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Croatia_WC2018_final.jpg/200px-Croatia_WC2018_final.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Croatia_WC2018_final.jpg/300px-Croatia_WC2018_final.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Croatia_WC2018_final.jpg/400px-Croatia_WC2018_final.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1880" data-file-height="1160" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Croatia_national_football_team" title="Croatia national football team">Croatia national football team</a> came in second at the <a href="/wiki/2018_FIFA_World_Cup" title="2018 FIFA World Cup">2018 World Cup</a> in Russia.</figcaption></figure> There are more than 400,000 active sportspeople in Croatia.<a href="#cite_note-Perman-400-376">[371]</a> In 2006, there were over 277 thousand members of sports associations and nearly 3,600 are <a href="/wiki/Chess" title="Chess">chess</a> and <a href="/wiki/Contract_bridge" title="Contract bridge">contract bridge</a> association members.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTE2010_Statistical_Yearbook_of_the_Republic_of_Croatia514-377">[372]</a> Association football is the most popular sport. The <a href="/wiki/Croatian_Football_Federation" title="Croatian Football Federation">Croatian Football Federation</a> (<a href="/wiki/Croatian_language" title="Croatian language">Croatian</a>: Hrvatski nogometni savez), with more than 118,000 registered players, is the largest sporting association.<a href="#cite_note-CFF-members-378">[373]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Croatia_national_football_team" title="Croatia national football team">Croatian national football team</a> came in third in <a href="/wiki/1998_FIFA_World_Cup" title="1998 FIFA World Cup">1998</a> and <a href="/wiki/2022_FIFA_World_Cup" title="2022 FIFA World Cup">2022</a> and second in the <a href="/wiki/2018_FIFA_World_Cup" title="2018 FIFA World Cup">2018 FIFA World Cup</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Prva_HNL" class="mw-redirect" title="Prva HNL">Prva HNL</a> football league attracts the highest <a href="/wiki/List_of_sports_attendance_figures" title="List of sports attendance figures">average attendance</a> of any professional sports league. In <a href="/wiki/2010%E2%80%9311_Prva_HNL" class="mw-redirect" title="2010–11 Prva HNL">season 2010–11</a>, it attracted 458,746 spectators.<a href="#cite_note-Index-attendance-379">[374]</a> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:For%C3%A7a_Croata.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/For%C3%A7a_Croata.jpg/200px-For%C3%A7a_Croata.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/For%C3%A7a_Croata.jpg/300px-For%C3%A7a_Croata.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/For%C3%A7a_Croata.jpg/400px-For%C3%A7a_Croata.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4272" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption>Croatia is one of the most successful <a href="/wiki/Croatia_men%27s_national_water_polo_team" title="Croatia men's national water polo team">water polo nations</a>. National water polo team has won three world championships, <a href="/wiki/Water_polo_at_the_2007_World_Aquatics_Championships_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_tournament" title="Water polo at the 2007 World Aquatics Championships – Men's tournament">Melbourne 2007</a>, <a href="/wiki/Water_polo_at_the_2017_World_Aquatics_Championships_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_tournament" title="Water polo at the 2017 World Aquatics Championships – Men's tournament">Budapest 2017</a> and <a href="/wiki/Water_polo_at_the_2024_World_Aquatics_Championships_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_tournament" title="Water polo at the 2024 World Aquatics Championships – Men's tournament">Doha 2024</a>.</figcaption></figure> Croatian athletes competing at international events since Croatian independence in 1991 won 44 <a href="/wiki/Croatia_at_the_Olympics" title="Croatia at the Olympics">Olympic medals</a>, including 15 gold medals.<a href="#cite_note-HOO-medalists-380">[375]</a> Also, Croatian athletes won 16 gold medals at world championships, including four in athletics at the World Championships in Athletics. Croatia won their first major trophy at the <a href="/wiki/2003_World_Men%27s_Handball_Championship" title="2003 World Men's Handball Championship">2003 World Men's Handball Championship</a>. In tennis, they won <a href="/wiki/Davis_Cup" title="Davis Cup">Davis Cup</a> in 2005 and 2018. Croatia's most successful male players <a href="/wiki/Goran_Ivani%C5%A1evi%C4%87" title="Goran Ivanišević">Goran Ivanišević</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marin_%C4%8Cili%C4%87" title="Marin Čilić">Marin Čilić</a> have both won <a href="/wiki/Grand_Slam_(tennis)" title="Grand Slam (tennis)">Grand Slam</a> titles and have got into the top 3 of the <a href="/wiki/ATP_rankings" title="ATP rankings">ATP rankings</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ognjen_Cvitan" title="Ognjen Cvitan">Ognjen Cvitan</a> won the <a href="/wiki/World_Junior_Chess_Championship" title="World Junior Chess Championship">World Junior Chess Championship</a> in 1981. In waterpolo, they have three world titles. <a href="/wiki/Iva_Majoli" title="Iva Majoli">Iva Majoli</a> became the first Croatian female player to win the French Open when she won it in <a href="/wiki/1997_French_Open_%E2%80%93_Women%27s_Singles" class="mw-redirect" title="1997 French Open – Women's Singles">1997</a>. Croatia hosted several major sports competitions, including the <a href="/wiki/2009_World_Men%27s_Handball_Championship" title="2009 World Men's Handball Championship">2009 World Men's Handball Championship</a>, the <a href="/wiki/2007_World_Table_Tennis_Championships" title="2007 World Table Tennis Championships">2007 World Table Tennis Championships</a>, the <a href="/wiki/2000_World_Rowing_Championships" title="2000 World Rowing Championships">2000 World Rowing Championships</a>, the <a href="/wiki/1987_Summer_Universiade" title="1987 Summer Universiade">1987 Summer Universiade</a>, the <a href="/wiki/1979_Mediterranean_Games" title="1979 Mediterranean Games">1979 Mediterranean Games</a>, and several <a href="/wiki/European_Championship" title="European Championship">European Championships</a>, including the <a href="/wiki/2000_European_Men%27s_Handball_Championship" title="2000 European Men's Handball Championship">2000</a> and <a href="/wiki/2018_European_Men%27s_Handball_Championship" title="2018 European Men's Handball Championship">2018</a> <a href="/wiki/European_Men%27s_Handball_Championship" title="European Men's Handball Championship">European Men's Handball Championship</a>. The governing sports authority is the <a href="/wiki/Croatian_Olympic_Committee" title="Croatian Olympic Committee">Croatian Olympic Committee</a> (<a href="/wiki/Croatian_language" title="Croatian language">Croatian</a>: Hrvatski olimpijski odbor), founded on 10 September 1991 and recognised by the <a href="/wiki/International_Olympic_Committee" title="International Olympic Committee">International Olympic Committee</a> since 17 January 1992, in time to permit the Croatian athletes to appear at the <a href="/wiki/1992_Winter_Olympics" title="1992 Winter Olympics">1992 Winter Olympics</a> in <a href="/wiki/Albertville" title="Albertville">Albertville</a>, France representing the newly independent nation for the first time at the <a href="/wiki/Olympic_Games" title="Olympic Games">Olympic Games</a>.<a href="#cite_note-HOO-COO-381">[376]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Technology">Technology</h2></div> In November 1992, the first international connection linking Zagreb and Vienna became operational, making it the first internet in Croatia.<a href="#cite_note-382">[377]</a><a href="#cite_note-383">[378]</a> 70% of the Croatia's population regularly uses the internet and 55% have been reported to have basic technological skills.<a href="#cite_note-384">[379]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/32px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/48px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Croatia.svg/64px-Flag_of_Croatia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Croatia" title="Portal:Croatia">Croatia portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><a href="/wiki/File:P_countries-vector.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/P_countries-vector.svg/31px-P_countries-vector.svg.png" decoding="async" width="31" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/P_countries-vector.svg/47px-P_countries-vector.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/P_countries-vector.svg/62px-P_countries-vector.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a><a href="/wiki/Portal:Countries" title="Portal:Countries">Countries portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="map" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/28px-Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/42px-Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/56px-Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Europe" title="Portal:Europe">Europe portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Croatia" title="Outline of Croatia">Outline of Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Croatia-related_articles" title="Index of Croatia-related articles">Index of Croatia-related articles</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Explanatory_notes">Explanatory notes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> In the recognised <a href="/wiki/Minority_languages_of_Croatia" title="Minority languages of Croatia">minority languages of Croatia</a> and the most spoken second languages: <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Czech_language" title="Czech language">Czech</a>: Chorvatská republika</li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: Republik Kroatien</li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: République de Croatie</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_language" title="Hungarian language">Hungarian</a>: Horvát Köztársaság</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>: Repubblica di Croazia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rusyn_language" title="Rusyn language">Rusyn</a>: Републіка Хорватія</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_language" title="Serbian language">Serbian</a>: Република Хрватска</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_language" title="Slovak language">Slovak</a>: Chorvátska republika</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovene_language" title="Slovene language">Slovene</a>: Republika Hrvaška</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_language" title="Ukrainian language">Ukrainian</a>: Респу́бліка Хорва́тія</li></ul></dd></dl> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> Apart from Croatian, <a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Croatia" title="Regions of Croatia">counties</a> have <a href="/wiki/Minority_languages_of_Croatia" title="Minority languages of Croatia">official regional languages</a> that are used for official government business and commercially. The most notable minority languages in Croatia are <a href="/wiki/Italian_language_in_Croatia" title="Italian language in Croatia">Italian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Serbian_language_in_Croatia" title="Serbian language in Croatia">Serbian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_language" title="Hungarian language">Hungarian</a>. Other recognized minority languages include: <a href="/wiki/Slovenian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Slovenian language">Slovenian</a>, <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>, <a href="/wiki/Czech_language" title="Czech language">Czech</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slovak_language" title="Slovak language">Slovak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_language" title="Ukrainian language">Ukrainian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Romani_language" title="Romani language">Romani</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> The writing system of Croatia is legally <a href="/wiki/Croatian_language#Official_status" title="Croatian language">protected by the Croatian Parliament</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/kroʊˈeɪʃə/</a> <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/2\/24\/En-us-Croatia.ogg\/En-us-Croatia.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"En-us-Croatia.ogg"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/24/En-us-Croatia.ogg/En-us-Croatia.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:En-us-Croatia.ogg" title="File:En-us-Croatia.ogg">ⓘ</a>, <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">kroh-AY-shə</a>; <a href="/wiki/Croatian_language" title="Croatian language">Croatian</a>: Hrvatska, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style>pronounced <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Serbo-Croatian" title="Help:IPA/Serbo-Croatian">[xř̩ʋaːtskaː]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> Croatian: Republika Hrvatska <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-2" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/3\/33\/Hr-Republika_Hrvatska.oga\/Hr-Republika_Hrvatska.oga.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"listen"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Hr-Republika Hrvatska.oga"},"classes":["noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/33/Hr-Republika_Hrvatska.oga/Hr-Republika_Hrvatska.oga.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button">listen</a><a href="/wiki/File:Hr-Republika_Hrvatska.oga" title="File:Hr-Republika Hrvatska.oga">ⓘ</a>, IPA transcription of "Republika Hrvatska", <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991">pronounced <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Serbo-Croatian" title="Help:IPA/Serbo-Croatian">[ˈrepǔblika ˈxř̩ʋaːtskaː]</a>. </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Citations">Citations</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output 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BRILL. pp. 175, 179–182. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789004186460" title="Special:BookSources/9789004186460"><bdi>9789004186460</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Becoming+Slav%2C+Becoming+Croat%3A+Identity+Transformations+in+Post-Roman+and+Early+Medieval+Dalmatia&rft.pages=175%2C+%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E179-%3C%2Fspan%3E182&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9789004186460&rft.aulast=Dzino&rft.aufirst=Danijel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6UbOtJcF8rQC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACroatia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Belos00-42"><a href="#cite_ref-Belos00_42-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBelošević2000" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Belošević, Janko (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://morepress.unizd.hr/journals/index.php/pov/article/view/2231">"Razvoj i osnovne značajke starohrvatskih grobalja horizonta 7.-9. stoljeća na povijesnim prostorima Hrvata"</a>. Radovi (in Croatian). 39 (26): 71–97. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.15291%2Fradovipov.2231">10.15291/radovipov.2231</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0352-6712">0352-6712</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radovi&rft.atitle=Razvoj+i+osnovne+zna%C4%8Dajke+starohrvatskih+grobalja+horizonta+7.-9.+stolje%C4%87a+na+povijesnim+prostorima+Hrvata&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=26&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E71-%3C%2Fspan%3E97&rft.date=2000&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.15291%2Fradovipov.2231&rft.issn=0352-6712&rft.aulast=Belo%C5%A1evi%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Janko&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmorepress.unizd.hr%2Fjournals%2Findex.php%2Fpov%2Farticle%2Fview%2F2231&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACroatia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFabijanić2013" class="citation book cs1">Fabijanić, Tomislav (2013). "14C date from early Christian basilica gemina in Podvršje (Croatia) in the context of Slavic settlement on the eastern Adriatic coast". The early Slavic settlement of Central Europe in the light of new dating evidence. Wroclaw: Institute of Archaeology and Ethnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences. pp. 251–260. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-83-63760-10-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-83-63760-10-6"><bdi>978-83-63760-10-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=14C+date+from+early+Christian+basilica+gemina+in+Podvr%C5%A1je+%28Croatia%29+in+the+context+of+Slavic+settlement+on+the+eastern+Adriatic+coast&rft.btitle=The+early+Slavic+settlement+of+Central+Europe+in+the+light+of+new+dating+evidence&rft.place=Wroclaw&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E251-%3C%2Fspan%3E260&rft.pub=Institute+of+Archaeology+and+Ethnology+of+the+Polish+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-83-63760-10-6&rft.aulast=Fabijani%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Tomislav&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACroatia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBekić2016" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Bekić, Luka (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/348500715">Rani srednji vijek između Panonije i Jadrana: ranoslavenski keramički i ostali arheološki nalazi od 6. do 8. stoljeća</a> [Early medieval between Pannonia and the Adriatic: early Slavic ceramic and other archaeological finds from the sixth to eighth century] (in Croatian and English). Pula: Arheološki muzej Istre. pp. 101, 119, 123, 138–140, 157–162, 173–174, 177–179. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-953-8082-01-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-953-8082-01-6"><bdi>978-953-8082-01-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rani+srednji+vijek+izme%C4%91u+Panonije+i+Jadrana%3A+ranoslavenski+kerami%C4%8Dki+i+ostali+arheolo%C5%A1ki+nalazi+od+6.+do+8.+stolje%C4%87a&rft.place=Pula&rft.pages=101%2C+119%2C+123%2C+%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E138-%3C%2Fspan%3E140%2C+%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E157-%3C%2Fspan%3E162%2C+%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E173-%3C%2Fspan%3E174%2C+%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E177-%3C%2Fspan%3E179&rft.pub=Arheolo%C5%A1ki+muzej+Istre&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-953-8082-01-6&rft.aulast=Beki%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Luka&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F348500715&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACroatia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMužić2007157–160-45"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMužić2007157–160_45-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMužić2007">Mužić 2007</a>, pp. 157–160. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBudak2018178–185-46"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBudak2018178–185_46-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBudak2018">Budak 2018</a>, pp. 178–185. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBudak2018144–145-47"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBudak2018144–145_47-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBudak2018">Budak 2018</a>, pp. 144–145. </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIvandija1968" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Ivandija, Antun (April 1968). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hrcak.srce.hr/index.php?show=clanak&id_clanak_jezik=64623&lang=en">"Pokrštenje Hrvata prema najnovijim znanstvenim rezultatima"</a> [Christianization of Croats according to the most recent scientific results]. Bogoslovska smotra (in Croatian). 37 (3–4). University of Zagreb, Catholic Faculty of Theology: 440–444. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0352-3101">0352-3101</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bogoslovska+smotra&rft.atitle=Pokr%C5%A1tenje+Hrvata+prema+najnovijim+znanstvenim+rezultatima&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E3%E2%80%93%3C%2Fspan%3E4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E440-%3C%2Fspan%3E444&rft.date=1968-04&rft.issn=0352-3101&rft.aulast=Ivandija&rft.aufirst=Antun&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhrcak.srce.hr%2Findex.php%3Fshow%3Dclanak%26id_clanak_jezik%3D64623%26lang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACroatia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFŽivković2013a" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Tibor_%C5%BDivkovi%C4%87" title="Tibor Živković">Živković, Tibor</a> (2013a). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://slavica-petropolitana.spbu.ru/files/2013_1/Zivkovic.pdf">"On the Baptism of the Serbs and Croats in the Time of Basil I (867–886)"</a> (PDF). Studia Slavica et Balcanica Petropolitana (1): 33–53.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Studia+Slavica+et+Balcanica+Petropolitana&rft.atitle=On+the+Baptism+of+the+Serbs+and+Croats+in+the+Time+of+Basil+I+%28867%E2%80%93886%29&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E33-%3C%2Fspan%3E53&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=%C5%BDivkovi%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Tibor&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fslavica-petropolitana.spbu.ru%2Ffiles%2F2013_1%2FZivkovic.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACroatia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMužić2007169–170-50"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMužić2007169–170_50-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMužić2007">Mužić 2007</a>, pp. 169–170. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBudak2018106-51"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBudak2018106_51-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBudak2018">Budak 2018</a>, pp. 106. </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrković2001" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Brković, Milko (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hrcak.srce.hr/en/clanak/18748">"Diplomatička analiza papinskih pisama druge polovice IX. stoljeća destinatarima u Hrvatskoj"</a> [The Papal Letters of the second half of the IXth Century to addressees in Croatia]. Radovi (in Croatian) (43). Zadar: HAZU: 29–44.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radovi&rft.atitle=Diplomati%C4%8Dka+analiza+papinskih+pisama+druge+polovice+IX.+stolje%C4%87a+destinatarima+u+Hrvatskoj&rft.issue=43&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E29-%3C%2Fspan%3E44&rft.date=2001&rft.aulast=Brkovi%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Milko&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhrcak.srce.hr%2Fen%2Fclanak%2F18748&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACroatia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Posavec-53"><a href="#cite_ref-Posavec_53-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPosavec1998" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Posavec, Vladimir (March 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hrcak.srce.hr/index.php?show=clanak&id_clanak_jezik=62779">"Povijesni zemljovidi i granice Hrvatske u Tomislavovo doba"</a> [Historical maps and borders of Croatia in age of Tomislav]. Radovi Zavoda Za Hrvatsku Povijest (in Croatian). 30 (1): 281–290. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0353-295X">0353-295X</a>. Retrieved 16 October 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radovi+Zavoda+Za+Hrvatsku+Povijest&rft.atitle=Povijesni+zemljovidi+i+granice+Hrvatske+u+Tomislavovo+doba&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E281-%3C%2Fspan%3E290&rft.date=1998-03&rft.issn=0353-295X&rft.aulast=Posavec&rft.aufirst=Vladimir&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhrcak.srce.hr%2Findex.php%3Fshow%3Dclanak%26id_clanak_jezik%3D62779&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACroatia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Margetić-54"><a href="#cite_ref-Margetić_54-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMargetić1997" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Lujo_Margeti%C4%87" title="Lujo Margetić">Margetić, Lujo</a> (January 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hrcak.srce.hr/index.php?show=clanak&id_clanak_jezik=76963">"Regnum Croatiae et Dalmatiae u doba Stjepana II"</a> [Regnum Croatiae et Dalmatiae in age of Stjepan II]. Radovi Zavoda Za Hrvatsku Povijest (in Croatian). 29 (1): 11–20. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0353-295X">0353-295X</a>. Retrieved 16 October 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radovi+Zavoda+Za+Hrvatsku+Povijest&rft.atitle=Regnum+Croatiae+et+Dalmatiae+u+doba+Stjepana+II.&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E11-%3C%2Fspan%3E20&rft.date=1997-01&rft.issn=0353-295X&rft.aulast=Margeti%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Lujo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhrcak.srce.hr%2Findex.php%3Fshow%3Dclanak%26id_clanak_jezik%3D76963&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACroatia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-HR-HU-Heka-55">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HR-HU-Heka_55-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-HR-HU-Heka_55-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeka2008" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Heka, Ladislav (October 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hrcak.srce.hr/index.php?show=clanak&id_clanak_jezik=68144">"Hrvatsko-ugarski odnosi od sredinjega vijeka do nagodbe iz 1868. s posebnim osvrtom na pitanja Slavonije"</a> [Croatian-Hungarian relations from the Middle Ages to the Compromise of 1868, with a special survey of the Slavonian issue]. Scrinia Slavonica (in Croatian). 8 (1). Hrvatski institut za povijest – Podružnica za povijest Slavonije, Srijema i Baranje: 152–173. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1332-4853">1332-4853</a>. 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Retrieved 18 October 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Povijest+saborovanja&rft.pub=Sabor&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sabor.hr%2FDefault.aspx%3Fsec%3D404&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACroatia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFont200517-57"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFont200517_57-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFont2005">Font 2005</a>, p. 17. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrucht2005422–423-58">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrucht2005422–423_58-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrucht2005422–423_58-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrucht2005422–423_58-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrucht2005422–423_58-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFrucht2005422–423_58-4">e</a> <a href="#CITEREFFrucht2005">Frucht 2005</a>, pp. 422–423. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELane1973409-59"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELane1973409_59-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLane1973">Lane 1973</a>, p. 409. </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hkd.at/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=61&Itemid=102&lang=hr">"Povijest Gradišćanskih Hrvatov"</a> [History of Burgenland Croats] (in Croatian). Croatian Cultural Association in Burgenland. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121114132821/http://www.hkd.at/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=61&Itemid=102&lang=hr">Archived</a> from the original on 14 November 2012. 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Senjski Zbornik: Prilozi Za Geografiju, Etnologiju, Gospodarstvo, Povijest I Kulturu (in Croatian). 17 (1): 45–60. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0582-673X">0582-673X</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Senjski+Zbornik%3A+Prilozi+Za+Geografiju%2C+Etnologiju%2C+Gospodarstvo%2C+Povijest+I+Kulturu&rft.atitle=TURSKI+RATOVI+i+HRVATSKA+DIJASPORA+u+XVI.+STOLJE%C4%86U&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E45-%3C%2Fspan%3E60&rft.date=1990-10-30&rft.issn=0582-673X&rft.aulast=Valenti%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Mirko&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhrcak.srce.hr%2F74388&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACroatia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sabor.hr/hr/o-saboru/povijest-saborovanja">"Povijest saborovanja"</a>. Hrvatski sabor (in Croatian). 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Zbornik Pravnog Fakulteta Sveučilišta u Rijeci (in Croatian). 28 (2). <a href="/wiki/University_of_Rijeka" title="University of Rijeka">University of Rijeka</a>: 931–971. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1330-349X">1330-349X</a>. 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Politička Misao (in Croatian). 38 (3). <a href="/wiki/University_of_Zagreb" title="University of Zagreb">University of Zagreb</a>, Faculty of Political Sciences: 159–172. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0032-3241">0032-3241</a>. 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Amalthea. p. 231. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-85002-284-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-85002-284-2"><bdi>978-3-85002-284-2</bdi></a>. 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Retrieved 17 October 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radovi+Zavoda+za+povijesne+znanosti+HAZU+u+Zadru&rft.atitle=Ivan+Pernar+o+hrvatsko-srpskim+odnosima+nakon+atentata+u+Beogradu+1928.+godine&rft.issue=51&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E203-%3C%2Fspan%3E218&rft.date=2009-11&rft.issn=1330-0474&rft.aulast=Begonja&rft.aufirst=Zlatko&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhrcak.srce.hr%2Findex.php%3Fshow%3Dclanak%26id_clanak_jezik%3D74560&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACroatia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJob2002" class="citation book cs1">Job, Cvijeto (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yH3Hz2AXonwC">Yugoslavia's ruin: the bloody lessons of nationalism, a patriot's warning</a>. <a href="/wiki/Rowman_%26_Littlefield" title="Rowman & Littlefield">Rowman & Littlefield</a>. p. 9. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7425-1784-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7425-1784-4"><bdi>978-0-7425-1784-4</bdi></a>. Retrieved 27 October 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Yugoslavia%27s+ruin%3A+the+bloody+lessons+of+nationalism%2C+a+patriot%27s+warning&rft.pages=9&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-7425-1784-4&rft.aulast=Job&rft.aufirst=Cvijeto&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyH3Hz2AXonwC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACroatia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKlemenčičŽagar2004121–123-75"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKlemenčičŽagar2004121–123_75-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKlemenčičŽagar2004">Klemenčič & Žagar 2004</a>, pp. 121–123. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKlemenčičŽagar2004153–156-76"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKlemenčičŽagar2004153–156_76-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKlemenčičŽagar2004">Klemenčič & Žagar 2004</a>, pp. 153–156. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001337-77"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001337_77-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTomasevich2001">Tomasevich 2001</a>, p. 337. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001272-78"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETomasevich2001272_78-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTomasevich2001">Tomasevich 2001</a>, p. 272. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKlemenčičŽagar2004184-79">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKlemenčičŽagar2004184_79-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKlemenčičŽagar2004184_79-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFKlemenčičŽagar2004">Klemenčič & Žagar 2004</a>, p. 184. </li> <li id="cite_note-logori-80">^ <a href="#cite_ref-logori_80-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-logori_80-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.enciklopedija.hr/natuknica.aspx?ID=32708">"koncentracijski logori"</a>. 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Povijest Hrvatske. Naklada Pavičić. pp. 441–442. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-953-6308-71-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-953-6308-71-2"><bdi>978-953-6308-71-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Povijest+Hrvatske&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E441-%3C%2Fspan%3E442&rft.pub=Naklada+Pavi%C4%8Di%C4%87&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-953-6308-71-2&rft.aulast=Pavli%C4%8Devi%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Dragutin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACroatia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVipotnik2011" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Vipotnik, Matea (22 June 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vecernji.hr/vijesti/josipovic-antifasizam-je-duhovni-otac-domovinskog-rata-clanak-303250">"Josipović: Antifašizam je duhovni otac Domovinskog rata"</a> [Josipović: Anti-Fascism is a Spiritual Forerunner of the Croatian War of Independence]. <a href="/wiki/Ve%C4%8Dernji_list" title="Večernji list">Večernji list</a> (in Croatian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130517085659/http://www.vecernji.hr/vijesti/josipovic-antifasizam-je-duhovni-otac-domovinskog-rata-clanak-303250">Archived</a> from the original on 17 May 2013. 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London, England: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 207. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-23034-781-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-23034-781-6"><bdi>978-0-23034-781-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Partisans+and+the+Serbs&rft.btitle=Serbia+and+the+Serbs+in+World+War+Two&rft.place=London%2C+England&rft.pages=207&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-23034-781-6&rft.aulast=Hoare&rft.aufirst=Marko+Attila&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACroatia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoare2002" class="citation journal cs1">Hoare, Marko Attila (2002). "Whose is the partisan movement? Serbs, Croats and the legacy of a shared resistance". 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Retrieved 28 August 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SUMMARY+OF+JUDGEMENT+FOR+MILAN+MARTI%C4%86&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.un.org%2Ficty%2Fpressreal%2F2007%2Fpr1162e-summary.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACroatia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-118">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_118-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_118-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/8/5/croatia-marks-25-years-since-war-with-tolerance-message">"Croatia marks 25 years since war with tolerance message"</a>. AlJazeera. 5 August 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AlJazeera&rft.atitle=Croatia+marks+25+years+since+war+with+tolerance+message&rft.date=2020-08-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2020%2F8%2F5%2Fcroatia-marks-25-years-since-war-with-tolerance-message&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACroatia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGoldstein1999233-119"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGoldstein1999233_119-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGoldstein1999">Goldstein 1999</a>, p. 233. </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBassiouniManikas1996" class="citation book cs1">Bassiouni, Mahmoud Cherif; Manikas, Peter (1996). The Law of the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia. 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London: Routledge. p. 28. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-31797-475-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-31797-475-8"><bdi>978-1-31797-475-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=International+Trials+and+Reconciliation%3A+Assessing+the+Impact+of+the+International+Criminal+Tribunal+for+the+Former+Yugoslavia&rft.place=London&rft.pages=28&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-31797-475-8&rft.au=Janine+Natalya+Clark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D373cAwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACroatia" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYTimes-UNTAES-16Jan98-128"><a href="#cite_ref-NYTimes-UNTAES-16Jan98_128-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHedges1998" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Chris_Hedges" title="Chris Hedges">Hedges, Chris</a> (16 January 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1998/01/16/world/an-ethnic-morass-is-returned-to-croatia.html">"An Ethnic Morass Is Returned to Croatia"</a>. 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Retrieved 18 October 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+War+for+All+the+Oceans&rft.pub=Penguin+Books&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-14-311392-8&rft.aulast=Adkins&rft.aufirst=Roy&rft.au=Adkins%2C+Lesley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3u9jdSlnGiMC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACroatia" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAgičićFeletarFilipčićJelić2000" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Agičić, Damir; Feletar, Dragutin; Filipčić, Anita; Jelić, Tomislav; Stiperski, Zoran (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9SArPwAACAAJ">Povijest i zemljopis Hrvatske: priručnik za hrvatske manjinske škole</a> [History and Geography of Croatia: Minority School Manual] (in Croatian). 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Retrieved 18 October 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Povijest+i+zemljopis+Hrvatske%3A+priru%C4%8Dnik+za+hrvatske+manjinske+%C5%A1kole&rft.pub=Nakladna+ku%C4%87a+%22Dr.+Feletar%22&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-953-6235-40-7&rft.aulast=Agi%C4%8Di%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Damir&rft.au=Feletar%2C+Dragutin&rft.au=Filip%C4%8Di%C4%87%2C+Anita&rft.au=Jeli%C4%87%2C+Tomislav&rft.au=Stiperski%2C+Zoran&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9SArPwAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACroatia" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAllen1996" class="citation book cs1">Allen, Beverly (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/rapewarfarehidde00alle">Rape Warfare: The Hidden Genocide in Bosnia-Herzegovina and Croatia</a>. University of Minnesota Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0816628186" title="Special:BookSources/978-0816628186"><bdi>978-0816628186</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rape+Warfare%3A+The+Hidden+Genocide+in+Bosnia-Herzegovina+and+Croatia&rft.pub=University+of+Minnesota+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0816628186&rft.aulast=Allen&rft.aufirst=Beverly&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Frapewarfarehidde00alle&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACroatia" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBanac1984" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ivo_Banac" title="Ivo Banac">Banac, Ivo</a> (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KfqbujXqQBkC">The national question in Yugoslavia: origins, history, politics</a>. <a href="/wiki/Cornell_University_Press" title="Cornell University Press">Cornell University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8014-9493-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8014-9493-2"><bdi>978-0-8014-9493-2</bdi></a>. Retrieved 18 October 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+national+question+in+Yugoslavia%3A+origins%2C+history%2C+politics&rft.pub=Cornell+University+Press&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=978-0-8014-9493-2&rft.aulast=Banac&rft.aufirst=Ivo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKfqbujXqQBkC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACroatia" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBiondich2000" class="citation book cs1">Biondich, Mark (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dZBgIIZ18WMC">Stjepan Radić, the Croat Peasant Party, and the politics of mass mobilization, 1904–1928</a>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Toronto_Press" title="University of Toronto Press">University of Toronto Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8020-8294-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8020-8294-7"><bdi>978-0-8020-8294-7</bdi></a>. Retrieved 18 October 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Stjepan+Radi%C4%87%2C+the+Croat+Peasant+Party%2C+and+the+politics+of+mass+mobilization%2C+1904%E2%80%931928&rft.pub=University+of+Toronto+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-8020-8294-7&rft.aulast=Biondich&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdZBgIIZ18WMC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACroatia" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBudak2018" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Neven_Budak" title="Neven Budak">Budak, Neven</a> (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.leykam-international.hr/publikacija.php?id=167">Hrvatska povijest od 550. do 1100</a> [Croatian history from 550 until 1100]. Leykam international. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-953-340-061-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-953-340-061-7"><bdi>978-953-340-061-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hrvatska+povijest+od+550.+do+1100.&rft.pub=Leykam+international&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-953-340-061-7&rft.aulast=Budak&rft.aufirst=Neven&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.leykam-international.hr%2Fpublikacija.php%3Fid%3D167&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACroatia" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCresswell2006" class="citation book cs1">Cresswell, Peterjon (10 July 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kwOYuX-Oy18C">Time Out Croatia</a> (First ed.). London, Berkeley & Toronto: Time Out Group Ltd & Ebury Publishing, <a href="/wiki/Random_House" title="Random House">Random House</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-904978-70-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-904978-70-1"><bdi>978-1-904978-70-1</bdi></a>. Retrieved 10 March 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Time+Out+Croatia&rft.place=London%2C+Berkeley+%26+Toronto&rft.edition=First&rft.pub=Time+Out+Group+Ltd+%26+Ebury+Publishing%2C+Random+House&rft.date=2006-07-10&rft.isbn=978-1-904978-70-1&rft.aulast=Cresswell&rft.aufirst=Peterjon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkwOYuX-Oy18C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACroatia" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFisher2006" class="citation book cs1">Fisher, Sharon (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7TiFZQHwAjQC">Political change in post-Communist Slovakia and Croatia: from nationalist to Europeanist</a>. <a href="/wiki/Palgrave_Macmillan" title="Palgrave Macmillan">Palgrave Macmillan</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4039-7286-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4039-7286-6"><bdi>978-1-4039-7286-6</bdi></a>. Retrieved 18 October 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Political+change+in+post-Communist+Slovakia+and+Croatia%3A+from+nationalist+to+Europeanist&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-4039-7286-6&rft.aulast=Fisher&rft.aufirst=Sharon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7TiFZQHwAjQC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACroatia" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFont2005" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Font, Márta (July 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hrcak.srce.hr/index.php?show=clanak&id_clanak_jezik=13778">"Ugarsko Kraljevstvo i Hrvatska u srednjem vijeku"</a> [Hungarian Kingdom and Croatia in the Middle Ages]. Povijesni prilozi (in Croatian). 28 (28). Croatian Institute of History: 7–22. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0351-9767">0351-9767</a>. Retrieved 17 October 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Povijesni+prilozi&rft.atitle=Ugarsko+Kraljevstvo+i+Hrvatska+u+srednjem+vijeku&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=28&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E7-%3C%2Fspan%3E22&rft.date=2005-07&rft.issn=0351-9767&rft.aulast=Font&rft.aufirst=M%C3%A1rta&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhrcak.srce.hr%2Findex.php%3Fshow%3Dclanak%26id_clanak_jezik%3D13778&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACroatia" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFForbrigDemeš2007" class="citation book cs1">Forbrig, Joerg; Demeš, Pavol (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MWTrLQAACAAJ">Reclaiming democracy: civil society and electoral change in central and eastern Europe</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_German_Marshall_Fund_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="The German Marshall Fund of the United States">The German Marshall Fund of the United States</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-80-969639-0-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-80-969639-0-4"><bdi>978-80-969639-0-4</bdi></a>. Retrieved 18 October 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Reclaiming+democracy%3A+civil+society+and+electoral+change+in+central+and+eastern+Europe&rft.pub=The+German+Marshall+Fund+of+the+United+States&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-80-969639-0-4&rft.aulast=Forbrig&rft.aufirst=Joerg&rft.au=Deme%C5%A1%2C+Pavol&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMWTrLQAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACroatia" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrucht2005" class="citation book cs1">Frucht, Richard C. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lVBB1a0rC70C">Eastern Europe: An Introduction to the People, Lands, and Culture</a>. ABC-CLIO. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57607-800-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57607-800-6"><bdi>978-1-57607-800-6</bdi></a>. Retrieved 18 October 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Eastern+Europe%3A+An+Introduction+to+the+People%2C+Lands%2C+and+Culture&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-57607-800-6&rft.aulast=Frucht&rft.aufirst=Richard+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlVBB1a0rC70C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACroatia" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeiger2012" class="citation journal cs1">Geiger, Vladimir (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hrcak.srce.hr/103223?lang=en">"Human losses of Croats in World War II and the immediate post-war period caused by the Chetniks (Yugoslav Army in the Fatherland) and the Partizans (People's Liberation Army and the partizan detachment of Yugoslavia/Yugoslav Army) and the Yugoslav Communist authoritities. Numerical indicators"</a>. Review of Croatian History. VIII (1): 77–121.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Review+of+Croatian+History&rft.atitle=Human+losses+of+Croats+in+World+War+II+and+the+immediate+post-war+period+caused+by+the+Chetniks+%28Yugoslav+Army+in+the+Fatherland%29+and+the+Partizans+%28People%27s+Liberation+Army+and+the+partizan+detachment+of+Yugoslavia%2FYugoslav+Army%29+and+the+Yugoslav+Communist+authoritities.+Numerical+indicators&rft.volume=VIII&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E77-%3C%2Fspan%3E121&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Geiger&rft.aufirst=Vladimir&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhrcak.srce.hr%2F103223%3Flang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACroatia" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoldstein1999" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ivo_Goldstein" title="Ivo Goldstein">Goldstein, Ivo</a> (1999). Croatia: A History. <a href="/wiki/C._Hurst_%26_Co." title="C. Hurst & Co.">C. Hurst & Co.</a> <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781850655251" title="Special:BookSources/9781850655251"><bdi>9781850655251</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Croatia%3A+A+History&rft.pub=C.+Hurst+%26+Co.&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=9781850655251&rft.aulast=Goldstein&rft.aufirst=Ivo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACroatia" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKasapović2001" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Kasapović, Mirjana, ed. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=z7sVAQAAIAAJ">Hrvatska Politika 1990–2000</a> [Croatian Politics 1990–2000] (in Croatian). <a href="/wiki/University_of_Zagreb" title="University of Zagreb">University of Zagreb</a>, Faculty of Political Science. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-953-6457-08-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-953-6457-08-3"><bdi>978-953-6457-08-3</bdi></a>. Retrieved 18 October 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hrvatska+Politika+1990%E2%80%932000&rft.pub=University+of+Zagreb%2C+Faculty+of+Political+Science&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-953-6457-08-3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dz7sVAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACroatia" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKlemenčičŽagar2004" class="citation book cs1">Klemenčič, Matjaž; Žagar, Mitja (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ORSMBFwjAKcC">The former Yugoslavia's diverse peoples: a reference sourcebook</a>. <a href="/wiki/ABC-CLIO" class="mw-redirect" title="ABC-CLIO">ABC-CLIO</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57607-294-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57607-294-3"><bdi>978-1-57607-294-3</bdi></a>. Retrieved 17 October 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+former+Yugoslavia%27s+diverse+peoples%3A+a+reference+sourcebook&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-57607-294-3&rft.aulast=Klemen%C4%8Di%C4%8D&rft.aufirst=Matja%C5%BE&rft.au=%C5%BDagar%2C+Mitja&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DORSMBFwjAKcC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACroatia" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKočović1985" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Bogoljub_Ko%C4%8Dovi%C4%87" title="Bogoljub Kočović">Kočović, Bogoljub</a> (1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sPxmAAAAMAAJ">Žrtve Drugog svetskog rata u Jugoslaviji</a> [World War II Victims in Yugoslavia] (in Serbian). Naše delo.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%C5%BDrtve+Drugog+svetskog+rata+u+Jugoslaviji&rft.pub=Na%C5%A1e+delo&rft.date=1985&rft.aulast=Ko%C4%8Dovi%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Bogoljub&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DsPxmAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACroatia" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLane1973" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Frederic_C._Lane" title="Frederic C. Lane">Lane, Frederic Chapin</a> (1973). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PQpU2JGJCMwC">Venice, a Maritime Republic</a>. JHU Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-1460-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-1460-0"><bdi>978-0-8018-1460-0</bdi></a>. Retrieved 18 October 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Venice%2C+a+Maritime+Republic&rft.pub=JHU+Press&rft.date=1973&rft.isbn=978-0-8018-1460-0&rft.aulast=Lane&rft.aufirst=Frederic+Chapin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPQpU2JGJCMwC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACroatia" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMidlarsky2005" class="citation book cs1">Midlarsky, Manus I. (20 October 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/killingtrapgenoc0000midl">The Killing Trap: Genocide in the Twentieth Century</a> (First ed.). <a href="/wiki/Cambridge" title="Cambridge">Cambridge</a>: <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-139-44539-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-139-44539-9"><bdi>978-1-139-44539-9</bdi></a>. Retrieved 25 March 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Killing+Trap%3A+Genocide+in+the+Twentieth+Century&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.edition=First&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2005-10-20&rft.isbn=978-1-139-44539-9&rft.aulast=Midlarsky&rft.aufirst=Manus+I.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fkillingtrapgenoc0000midl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACroatia" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMagaš2007" class="citation book cs1">Magaš, Branka (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OY5pAAAAMAAJ">Croatia Through History: The Making of a European State</a>. Saqi Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-86356-775-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-86356-775-9"><bdi>978-0-86356-775-9</bdi></a>. Retrieved 18 October 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Croatia+Through+History%3A+The+Making+of+a+European+State&rft.pub=Saqi+Books&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-86356-775-9&rft.aulast=Maga%C5%A1&rft.aufirst=Branka&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOY5pAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACroatia" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMužić2007" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Mužić, Ivan (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190808024028/http://www.muzic-ivan.info/hrvatska_povijest.pdf">Hrvatska povijest devetoga stoljeća</a> [Croatian Ninth Century History] (PDF) (in Croatian). Naklada Bošković. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-953-263-034-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-953-263-034-3"><bdi>978-953-263-034-3</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.muzic-ivan.info/hrvatska_povijest.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 8 August 2019. Retrieved 14 October 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hrvatska+povijest+devetoga+stolje%C4%87a&rft.pub=Naklada+Bo%C5%A1kovi%C4%87&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-953-263-034-3&rft.aulast=Mu%C5%BEi%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Ivan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.muzic-ivan.info%2Fhrvatska_povijest.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACroatia" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTomasevich2001" class="citation book cs1">Tomasevich, Jozo (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fqUSGevFe5MC">War and Revolution in Yugoslavia, 1941–1945: Occupation and Collaboration</a>. Stanford Univ: Stanford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8047-3615-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8047-3615-2"><bdi>978-0-8047-3615-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=War+and+Revolution+in+Yugoslavia%2C+1941%E2%80%931945%3A+Occupation+and+Collaboration&rft.place=Stanford+Univ&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-8047-3615-2&rft.aulast=Tomasevich&rft.aufirst=Jozo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfqUSGevFe5MC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACroatia" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFŽerjavić1993b" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_%C5%BDerjavi%C4%87" title="Vladimir Žerjavić">Žerjavić, Vladimir</a> (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hrcak.srce.hr/index.php?show=clanak&id_clanak_jezik=52846">"Doseljavanja i iseljavanja s područja Istre, Rijeke i Zadra u razdoblju 1910–1971"</a> [Immigration and emigration from the Istria, Rijeka and Zadar areas in the period from 1910 to 1971]. Journal for General Social Issues (in Croatian). 2 (4-5(6–7)). <a href="/wiki/Zagreb" title="Zagreb">Zagreb</a>, Croatia: 631–653.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+for+General+Social+Issues&rft.atitle=Doseljavanja+i+iseljavanja+s+podru%C4%8Dja+Istre%2C+Rijeke+i+Zadra+u+razdoblju+1910%E2%80%931971.&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=4-5%286%E2%80%937%29&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E631-%3C%2Fspan%3E653&rft.date=1993&rft.aulast=%C5%BDerjavi%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Vladimir&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhrcak.srce.hr%2Findex.php%3Fshow%3Dclanak%26id_clanak_jezik%3D52846&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACroatia" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFŽerjavić1992" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_%C5%BDerjavi%C4%87" title="Vladimir Žerjavić">Žerjavić, Vladimir</a> (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OCotAAAAMAAJ">Opsesije i megalomanije oko Jasenovca i Bleiburga</a> [Obsession and Megalomania over Jasenovac and Bleiburg] (in Croatian). Globus. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/86-343-0661-5" title="Special:BookSources/86-343-0661-5"><bdi>86-343-0661-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Opsesije+i+megalomanije+oko+Jasenovca+i+Bleiburga&rft.pub=Globus&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=86-343-0661-5&rft.aulast=%C5%BDerjavi%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Vladimir&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOCotAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACroatia" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDIP1990_(a)" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150514021334/http://www.izbori.hr/arhiva/pdf/1990/1990_2_1_Sabor_Statistika_Stat_podaci.pdf">"Statistički pokazatelji o provedenim izborima za zastupnike u Sabor Socijalističke Republike Hrvatske – Prilog"</a> [Statistical Indicators on Performed Elections of Representatives in the Parliament of the Socialist Republic of Croatia – Annex] (PDF) (in Croatian). Zagreb, Croatia: Croatian State Electoral Committee. 1990. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.izbori.hr/arhiva/pdf/1990/1990_2_1_Sabor_Statistika_Stat_podaci.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 14 May 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Statisti%C4%8Dki+pokazatelji+o+provedenim+izborima+za+zastupnike+u+Sabor+Socijalisti%C4%8Dke+Republike+Hrvatske+%E2%80%93+Prilog&rft.place=Zagreb%2C+Croatia&rft.pub=Croatian+State+Electoral+Committee&rft.date=1990&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.izbori.hr%2Farhiva%2Fpdf%2F1990%2F1990_2_1_Sabor_Statistika_Stat_podaci.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACroatia" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF2010_Statistical_Yearbook_of_the_Republic_of_Croatia" class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.dzs.hr/Hrv_Eng/ljetopis/2010/SLJH2010.pdf">2010 – Statistical Yearbook of the Republic of Croatia</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/Croatian_Bureau_of_Statistics" title="Croatian Bureau of Statistics">Croatian Bureau of Statistics</a>. December 2010. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1333-3305">1333-3305</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www.dzs.hr/Hrv_Eng/ljetopis/2010/SLJH2010.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022. Retrieved 7 October 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=2010+%E2%80%93+Statistical+Yearbook+of+the+Republic+of+Croatia&rft.pub=Croatian+Bureau+of+Statistics&rft.date=2010-12&rft.issn=1333-3305&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fweb.dzs.hr%2FHrv_Eng%2Fljetopis%2F2010%2FSLJH2010.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACroatia" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF2018_Statistical_Yearbook_of_the_Republic_of_Croatia" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://podaci.dzs.hr/media/wsdkedwa/sljh2018.pdf">Statistical Yearbook of the Republic of Croatia 2018</a> (PDF) (in Croatian and English). Zagreb: <a href="/wiki/Croatian_Bureau_of_Statistics" title="Croatian Bureau of Statistics">Croatian Bureau of Statistics</a>. December 2018. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1333-3305">1333-3305</a>. Retrieved 28 February 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Statistical+Yearbook+of+the+Republic+of+Croatia+2018&rft.place=Zagreb&rft.pub=Croatian+Bureau+of+Statistics&rft.date=2018-12&rft.issn=1333-3305&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpodaci.dzs.hr%2Fmedia%2Fwsdkedwa%2Fsljh2018.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACroatia" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 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data-file-height="355" /><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Croatia" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Croatia">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/51px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Croatia" class="extiw" title="s:Special:Search/Croatia">Texts</a> from Wikisource</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/27px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" 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title="v:Special:Search/Croatia">Resources</a> from Wikiversity</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/27px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/41px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/54px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Croatia" class="extiw" title="voy:Croatia">Travel information</a> from Wikivoyage</li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/16px-Gnome-globe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/24px-Gnome-globe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/32px-Gnome-globe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Atlas_of_Croatia" class="extiw" title="commons:Atlas of Croatia">Wikimedia Atlas of Croatia</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/16px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/24px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Openstreetmap_logo.svg/32px-Openstreetmap_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256" /> Geographic data related to <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/214885">Croatia</a> at <a href="/wiki/OpenStreetMap" title="OpenStreetMap">OpenStreetMap</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ifs.du.edu/ifs/frm_CountryProfile.aspx?Country=HR">Key Development Forecasts for Croatia</a> from <a href="/wiki/International_Futures" title="International Futures">International Futures</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Croatia_articles574" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Croatia_topics" title="Template:Croatia topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Croatia_topics" title="Template talk:Croatia topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Croatia_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Croatia topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Croatia_articles574" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Croatia</a> <a href="/wiki/Index_of_Croatia-related_articles" title="Index of Croatia-related articles">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Croatia" title="History of Croatia">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Croatia_before_the_Croats" title="History of Croatia before the Croats">Prehistoric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Origin_hypotheses_of_the_Croats" title="Origin hypotheses of the Croats">Origins of Croats</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/White_Croats" title="White Croats">White Croats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Croatia" title="White Croatia">White Croatia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Croatia" title="Duchy of Croatia">Medieval duchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalmatian_city-states" title="Dalmatian city-states">Dalmatian city-states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavs_in_Lower_Pannonia" title="Slavs in Lower Pannonia">Lower Pannonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Croatia" title="Red Croatia">Red Croatia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Narentines" title="Narentines">Narentines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zachlumia" title="Zachlumia">Zachlumia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travunia" title="Travunia">Travunia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kanalites" title="Kanalites">Kanalites</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Croatia_(925%E2%80%931102)" title="Kingdom of Croatia (925–1102)">Medieval kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ban_of_Croatia" title="Ban of Croatia">Ban of Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ban_of_Slavonia" title="Ban of Slavonia">Ban of Slavonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatia_in_personal_union_with_Hungary" title="Croatia in personal union with Hungary">Personal union with Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venetian_Dalmatia" title="Venetian Dalmatia">Venetian Dalmatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ragusa" title="Republic of Ragusa">Republic of Ragusa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Croatia_(Habsburg)" title="Kingdom of Croatia (Habsburg)">Habsburg kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illyrian_Provinces" title="Illyrian Provinces">Illyrian Provinces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Croatia-Slavonia" title="Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia">Austrio-Hungarian kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_of_Slovenes,_Croats_and_Serbs" title="State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs">World War I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia" title="Kingdom of Yugoslavia">Kingdom of Yugoslavia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banovina_of_Croatia" title="Banovina of Croatia">Banovina</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_in_Yugoslavia" title="World War II in Yugoslavia">World War II</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Independent_State_of_Croatia" title="Independent State of Croatia">'Independent State'</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Republic_of_Croatia" title="Socialist Republic of Croatia">Socialist Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence_of_Croatia" title="Independence of Croatia">Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_War_of_Independence" title="Croatian War of Independence">War of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Croatia_(1995%E2%80%93present)" title="History of Croatia (1995–present)">Croatia since 1995</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatia%E2%80%93NATO_relations" title="Croatia–NATO relations">NATO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_enlargement_of_the_European_Union" title="2013 enlargement of the European Union">European Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Croatia" title="Geography of Croatia">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Croatia#Climate" title="Geography of Croatia">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_extreme_points_of_Croatia" title="List of extreme points of Croatia">Extreme points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Croatia" title="List of islands of Croatia">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_Croatia" title="List of lakes of Croatia">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mammals_of_Croatia" title="List of mammals of Croatia">Mammals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_in_Croatia" title="List of mountains in Croatia">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_protected_areas_of_Croatia" title="List of protected areas of Croatia">Protected areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Croatia" title="List of rivers of Croatia">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topography_of_Croatia" title="Topography of Croatia">Topography</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Croatia" title="Politics of Croatia">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Croatia" title="Administrative divisions of Croatia">Administrative divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Croatia" title="Constitution of Croatia">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Croatia" title="President of Croatia">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Croatia" title="Government of Croatia">Government</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Croatia" title="Prime Minister of Croatia">Prime Minister</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Croatia" title="Human rights in Croatia">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Croatia" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in Croatia">LGBT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Croatia" title="Law enforcement in Croatia">Law enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_Croatia" title="Armed Forces of Croatia">Military</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Staff_of_the_Armed_Forces_(Croatia)" class="mw-redirect" title="General Staff of the Armed Forces (Croatia)">General Staff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_of_the_General_Staff_of_the_Armed_Forces_(Croatia)" title="Chief of the General Staff of the Armed Forces (Croatia)">Chief of the General Staff</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Parliament" title="Croatian Parliament">Parliament</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_Croatian_Parliament" title="Speaker of the Croatian Parliament">Speaker</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Croatia" title="List of political parties in Croatia">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Croatia" title="Elections in Croatia">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Croatia" title="Foreign relations of Croatia">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_security_and_intelligence_system" title="Croatian security and intelligence system">Security and intelligence</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Croatia" title="Economy of Croatia">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_brands" title="Croatian brands">Brands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Croatia" title="Energy in Croatia">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Croatian_counties_by_GDP" title="List of Croatian counties by GDP">Gross domestic product (GDP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industry_of_Croatia" title="Industry of Croatia">Industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Croatian_currency" title="History of Croatian currency">History of currency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_National_Bank" title="Croatian National Bank">National Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatia_and_the_euro" title="Croatia and the euro">The euro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Privatization_in_Croatia" title="Privatization in Croatia">Privatization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zagreb_Stock_Exchange" title="Zagreb Stock Exchange">Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Croatia" title="Telecommunications in Croatia">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Croatia" title="Tourism in Croatia">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Croatia" title="Transport in Croatia">Transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Croatia" title="Category:Society of Croatia">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Croats" title="Croats">Croats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Croatia" title="Demographics of Croatia">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Croatia" title="Education in Croatia">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ethnic_groups_in_Croatia" title="Category:Ethnic groups in Croatia">Ethnic groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genetic_studies_on_Croats" title="Genetic studies on Croats">Genetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Croatia" title="Healthcare in Croatia">Healthcare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Croatia#Languages" title="Demographics of Croatia">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Croatia" title="Religion in Croatia">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Croatia" title="Women in Croatia">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Croatia" title="Culture of Croatia">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Croatia" title="Architecture of Croatia">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_art" title="Croatian art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Croatia" title="Cinema of Croatia">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_cuisine" title="Croatian cuisine">Cuisine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_wine" title="Croatian wine">Wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_language" title="Croatian language">Croatian language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_literature" title="Croatian literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Croatia" title="Music of Croatia">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Croatia" title="Public holidays in Croatia">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_Croatia" title="List of radio stations in Croatia">Radio stations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Croatia" title="Sport in Croatia">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Croatia" title="Television in Croatia">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Croatia" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Croatia">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_Croatia" title="National symbols of Croatia">Symbols</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lijepa_na%C5%A1a_domovino" title="Lijepa naša domovino">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_checkerboard" title="Croatian checkerboard">Checkerboard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Croatia" title="Coat of arms of Croatia">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_national_costume" title="Croatian national costume">Costume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Zvonimir" title="Crown of Zvonimir">Crown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orders,_decorations,_and_medals_of_Croatia" title="Orders, decorations, and medals of Croatia">Decorations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Croatian_flags" title="List of Croatian flags">Flags</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_interlace" title="Croatian interlace">Interlace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Croatian_mottos" title="List of Croatian mottos">Motto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Names_of_the_Croats_and_Croatia" title="Names of the Croats and Croatia">Names</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Croatia" title="Outline of Croatia">Outline</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Croatia-related_articles" title="Index of Croatia-related articles">Index</a></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Croatia" title="Category:Croatia">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Croatia" 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title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Countries_and_dependencies_of_Europe1244" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_and_dependent_territories_in_Europe" title="List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Europe">Countries and dependencies</a> of <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">Sovereign states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andorra" title="Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a>2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a>2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a>3</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein" title="Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Marino" title="San Marino">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_City" title="Vatican City">Vatican City</a>4</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">States with limited recognition</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abkhazia" title="Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a>2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Cyprus" title="Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a>2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Ossetia" title="South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a>2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transnistria" title="Transnistria">Transnistria</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependent territories</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Denmark</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Faroe_Islands" title="Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a>3 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Danish_Realm" title="Danish Realm">autonomous country of the Kingdom of Denmark</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">United Kingdom</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akrotiri_and_Dhekelia" title="Akrotiri and Dhekelia">Akrotiri and Dhekelia</a>2 (Sovereign Base Areas)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a> (<a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories" title="British Overseas Territories">British Overseas Territory</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Crown_Dependencies" title="Crown Dependencies">Crown Dependencies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bailiwick_of_Guernsey" title="Bailiwick of Guernsey">Bailiwick of Guernsey</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alderney" title="Alderney">Alderney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guernsey" title="Guernsey">Guernsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sark" title="Sark">Sark</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jersey" title="Jersey">Bailiwick of Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man" title="Isle of Man">Isle of Man</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Special areas of internal sovereignty</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Finland</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%85land" title="Åland">Åland</a> (<a href="/wiki/Autonomous_administrative_division" title="Autonomous administrative division">autonomous region</a> subject to the <a href="/wiki/%C3%85land_convention" title="Åland convention">Åland convention</a> of 1921)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Norway</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Svalbard" title="Svalbard">Svalbard</a> (<a href="/wiki/Unincorporated_area" title="Unincorporated area">unincorporated area</a> subject to the <a href="/wiki/Svalbard_Treaty" title="Svalbard Treaty">Svalbard Treaty</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">United Kingdom</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a> (<a href="/wiki/Countries_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Countries of the United Kingdom">country of the United Kingdom</a> subject to the <a href="/wiki/Good_Friday_Agreement" title="Good Friday Agreement">British-Irish Agreement</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>1 Spans the conventional boundary between Europe and another continent.</li> <li>2 Considered European for cultural, political and historical reasons but is geographically in Western Asia.</li> <li>3 <a href="/wiki/Island#Oceanic_islands" title="Island">Oceanic islands</a> within the vicinity of Europe are usually grouped with the continent even though they are not situated on its continental shelf.</li> <li>4 Governed by the <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a> which has sovereignty over Vatican City.</li></ul> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Europe" title="Category:Europe">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Europe" title="Portal:Europe">Europe portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Countries_and_territories_of_the_Mediterranean_Sea249" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Countries_and_territories_of_the_Mediterranean_Sea" title="Template:Countries and territories of the Mediterranean Sea"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Countries_and_territories_of_the_Mediterranean_Sea" title="Template talk:Countries and territories of the Mediterranean Sea"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Countries_and_territories_of_the_Mediterranean_Sea" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Countries and territories of the Mediterranean Sea"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Countries_and_territories_of_the_Mediterranean_Sea249" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Countries and territories of the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean Sea</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Sovereign states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">States with limited recognition</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Cyprus" title="Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestine" title="Palestine">Palestine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a> and other territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akrotiri_and_Dhekelia" title="Akrotiri and Dhekelia">Akrotiri and Dhekelia</a> (<a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">UK</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a> (UK)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta">Ceuta</a> and <a href="/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla">Melilla</a> (Spain)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Marginal_seas" class="mw-redirect" title="Marginal seas">Marginal seas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adriatic_Sea" title="Adriatic Sea">Adriatic Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aegean_Sea" title="Aegean Sea">Aegean Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alboran_Sea" title="Alboran Sea">Alboran Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balearic_Sea" title="Balearic Sea">Balearic Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ionian_Sea" title="Ionian Sea">Ionian Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levantine_Sea" title="Levantine Sea">Levantine Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_Sea" title="Libyan Sea">Libyan Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ligurian_Sea" title="Ligurian Sea">Ligurian Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_of_Crete" title="Sea of Crete">Sea of Crete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_of_Marmara" title="Sea of Marmara">Sea of Marmara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_of_Sardinia" title="Sea of Sardinia">Sea of Sardinia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thracian_Sea" title="Thracian Sea">Thracian Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyrrhenian_Sea" title="Tyrrhenian Sea">Tyrrhenian Sea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Countries_on_the_Balkan_Peninsula147" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Balkan_countries" title="Template:Balkan countries"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Balkan_countries" title="Template talk:Balkan countries"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Balkan_countries" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Balkan countries"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Countries_on_the_Balkan_Peninsula147" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Countries on the <a href="/wiki/Balkans" title="Balkans">Balkan Peninsula</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographically fully located</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:#f6f6f6;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Balkan_topo_en.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Balkan_topo_en.jpg/100px-Balkan_topo_en.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Balkan_topo_en.jpg/150px-Balkan_topo_en.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Balkan_topo_en.jpg/200px-Balkan_topo_en.jpg 2x" data-file-width="840" data-file-height="767" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Significantly located</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a> (<a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Greece#Mainland" title="Geography of Greece">mainland</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_Serbia" title="Central Serbia">Central Serbia</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Partially located</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:#f6f6f6;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Croatia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Croatia" title="Administrative divisions of Croatia">southern mainland</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Subdivisions_of_Slovenia" title="Subdivisions of Slovenia">south-western part</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mostly outside the peninsula</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> (<a href="/wiki/Monfalcone" title="Monfalcone">Monfalcone</a> and <a href="/wiki/Trieste" title="Trieste">Trieste</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a> (<a href="/wiki/Northern_Dobruja" title="Northern Dobruja">Northern Dobruja</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> (<a href="/wiki/East_Thrace" title="East Thrace">East Thrace</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:#f6f6f6;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_Balkans" title="Languages of the Balkans">Balkan languages</a> (<a href="/wiki/Balkan_sprachbund" title="Balkan sprachbund">Sprachbund</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balkanization" title="Balkanization">Balkanization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Balkans" title="History of the Balkans">History of the Balkans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Europe" title="Southeast Europe">Southeast Europe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Member_states_of_the_European_Union324" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Member_states_of_the_European_Union" title="Template:Member states of the European Union"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Member_states_of_the_European_Union" title="Template talk:Member states of the European Union"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Member_states_of_the_European_Union" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Member states of the European Union"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Member_states_of_the_European_Union324" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Member_state_of_the_European_Union" title="Member state of the European Union">Member states</a> of the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:European_Union_main_map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/European_Union_main_map.svg/80px-European_Union_main_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="64" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/European_Union_main_map.svg/120px-European_Union_main_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/European_Union_main_map.svg/160px-European_Union_main_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="680" data-file-height="540" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Potential_enlargement_of_the_European_Union" title="Potential enlargement of the European Union">Potential enlargement</a> and <a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_from_the_European_Union" title="Withdrawal from the European Union">Former members</a></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Council_of_Europe106" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Council_of_Europe" title="Template:Council of Europe"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Council_of_Europe" title="Template talk:Council of Europe"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Council_of_Europe" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Council of Europe"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Council_of_Europe106" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Europe" title="Council of Europe">Council of Europe</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Institutions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Secretary_General_of_the_Council_of_Europe" title="Secretary General of the Council of Europe">Secretary General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_of_Ministers_of_the_Council_of_Europe" title="Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe">Committee of Ministers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_Assembly_of_the_Council_of_Europe" title="Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe">Parliamentary Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_the_Council_of_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Congress of the Council of Europe">Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Court_of_Human_Rights" title="European Court of Human Rights">Court of Human Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commissioner_for_Human_Rights" title="Commissioner for Human Rights">Commissioner for Human Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Commission_for_the_Efficiency_of_Justice" title="European Commission for the Efficiency of Justice">Commission for the Efficiency of Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Commission_against_Racism_and_Intolerance" title="European Commission against Racism and Intolerance">Commission against Racism and Intolerance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venice_Commission" title="Venice Commission">Venice Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pompidou_Group" title="Pompidou Group">Pompidou Group</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Member_states_of_the_Council_of_Europe" title="Member states of the Council of Europe">Members</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andorra" title="Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenia_in_the_Council_of_Europe" title="Armenia in the Council of Europe">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan_in_the_Council_of_Europe" title="Azerbaijan in the Council of Europe">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greece_in_the_Council_of_Europe" title="Greece in the Council of Europe">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein" title="Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Marino" title="San Marino">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Observers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Europe%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Council of Europe–European Union relations">EU relations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Czechoslovakia" title="Czechoslovakia">Czechoslovakia (1991–1992)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia_in_the_Council_of_Europe" title="Russia in the Council of Europe">Russia (1996–2022)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saar_Protectorate" title="Saar Protectorate">Saar (assoc. 1950–1956)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbia_and_Montenegro" title="Serbia and Montenegro">Serbia and Montenegro (2003–2006)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe_(OSCE)248" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:OSCE" title="Template:OSCE"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:OSCE" title="Template talk:OSCE"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:OSCE" title="Special:EditPage/Template:OSCE"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe_(OSCE)248" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe" title="Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe">Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE)</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andorra" title="Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" title="Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein" title="Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Marino" title="San Marino">San Marino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Partners for Cooperation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Relations: OSCE-participating States</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenia%E2%80%93OSCE_relations" title="Armenia–OSCE relations">Armenia–OSCE relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan%E2%80%93OSCE_relations" title="Azerbaijan–OSCE relations">Azerbaijan–OSCE relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_of_Italy_to_OSCE" title="List of ambassadors of Italy to OSCE">List of ambassadors of Italy to OSCE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomats_of_the_United_Kingdom_to_the_OSCE" title="List of diplomats of the United Kingdom to the OSCE">List of diplomats of the United Kingdom to the OSCE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Mission_to_the_Organization_for_Security_and_Cooperation_in_Europe" title="United States Mission to the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe">United States Mission to the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bodies and posts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_Assembly_of_the_Organization_for_Security_and_Co-operation_in_Europe" title="Parliamentary Assembly of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe">Parliamentary Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Court_of_Conciliation_and_Arbitration" title="Court of Conciliation and Arbitration">Court of Conciliation and Arbitration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_for_Democratic_Institutions_and_Human_Rights" title="Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights">Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Commissioner_on_National_Minorities" title="High Commissioner on National Minorities">Commissioner on National Minorities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSCE_Representative_on_Freedom_of_the_Media" title="OSCE Representative on Freedom of the Media">Representative on Freedom of the Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSCE_Minsk_Group" title="OSCE Minsk Group">OSCE Minsk Group</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active field missions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OSCE_Presence_in_Albania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OSCE Presence in Albania (page does not exist)">Presence in Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OSCE_Mission_to_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OSCE Mission to Bosnia and Herzegovina (page does not exist)">Mission to Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSCE_Mission_in_Kosovo" title="OSCE Mission in Kosovo">Mission in Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OSCE_Mission_to_Montenegro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OSCE Mission to Montenegro (page does not exist)">Mission to Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OSCE_Mission_to_Moldova&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OSCE Mission to Moldova (page does not exist)">Mission to Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OSCE_Mission_to_Serbia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OSCE Mission to Serbia (page does not exist)">Mission to Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OSCE_Mission_to_Skopje&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OSCE Mission to Skopje (page does not exist)">Mission to Skopje</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OSCE_Centre_in_Ashgabat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OSCE Centre in Ashgabat (page does not exist)">Centre in Ashgabat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OSCE_Programme_Office_in_Astana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OSCE Programme Office in Astana (page does not exist)">Programme Office in Astana</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OSCE_Programme_Office_in_Bishkek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OSCE Programme Office in Bishkek (page does not exist)">Programme Office in Bishkek</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OSCE_Programme_Office_in_Dushanbe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OSCE Programme Office in Dushanbe (page does not exist)">Programme Office in Dushanbe</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=OSCE_Project_Co-ordinator_in_Uzbekistan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="OSCE Project Co-ordinator in Uzbekistan (page does not exist)">Project Co-ordinator in Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Personal_Representatives_of_the_OSCE_Chairperson-in-Office&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Personal Representatives of the OSCE Chairperson-in-Office (page does not exist)">Personal Representatives of the OSCE Chairperson-in-Office</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former field missions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/OSCE_Needs_Assessment_Team_in_Armenia" title="OSCE Needs Assessment Team in Armenia">Needs Assessment Team in Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSCE_Mission_to_Croatia" title="OSCE Mission to Croatia">Mission to Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosovo_Verification_Mission" title="Kosovo Verification Mission">Kosovo Verification Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_Security_Initiative" title="Community Security Initiative">Community Security Initiative in Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSCE_Special_Monitoring_Mission_to_Ukraine" title="OSCE Special Monitoring Mission to Ukraine">Special Monitoring Mission to Ukraine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Organisation_internationale_de_la_Francophonie304" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:La_Francophonie" title="Template:La Francophonie"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:La_Francophonie" title="Template talk:La Francophonie"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:La_Francophonie" title="Special:EditPage/Template:La Francophonie"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Organisation_internationale_de_la_Francophonie304" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Organisation_internationale_de_la_Francophonie" title="Organisation internationale de la Francophonie">Organisation internationale de la Francophonie</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Member_states_of_the_Organisation_internationale_de_la_Francophonie" title="Member states of the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie">Members</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andorra" title="Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benin" title="Benin">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burundi" title="Burundi">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Verde" title="Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_African_Republic" title="Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chad" title="Chad">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comoros" title="Comoros">Comoros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Republic of the Congo">Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djibouti" title="Djibouti">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominica" title="Dominica">Dominica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equatorial_Guinea" title="Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivory_Coast" title="Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritania" title="Mauritania">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucia" title="Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="São Tomé and Príncipe">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seychelles" title="Seychelles">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Togo" title="Togo">Togo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanuatu" title="Vanuatu">Vanuatu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">National/regional members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_Community_of_Belgium" title="French Community of Belgium">French Community of Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Brunswick" title="New Brunswick">New Brunswick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Associate members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Caledonia" title="New Caledonia">New Caledonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Observers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angola" title="Angola">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Costa_Rica" title="Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czechia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic" title="Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Polynesia" title="French Polynesia">French Polynesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Gambia" title="The Gambia">Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia">Nova Scotia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saarland" title="Saarland">Saarland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Suspended members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinea" title="Guinea">Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger">Niger</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organization</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assembl%C3%A9e_parlementaire_de_la_Francophonie" title="Assemblée parlementaire de la Francophonie">Assemblée parlementaire de la Francophonie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agence_de_Coop%C3%A9ration_Culturelle_et_Technique" title="Agence de Coopération Culturelle et Technique">Agence de Coopération Culturelle et Technique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agence_universitaire_de_la_Francophonie" title="Agence universitaire de la Francophonie">Agence universitaire de la Francophonie</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UN_French_Language_Day" title="UN French Language Day">UN French Language Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Francophonie_Day" title="International Francophonie Day">International Francophonie Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeux_de_la_Francophonie" title="Jeux de la Francophonie">Jeux de la Francophonie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prix_des_cinq_continents_de_la_francophonie" title="Prix des cinq continents de la francophonie">Prix des cinq continents de la francophonie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assembl%C3%A9e_des_francophones_fonctionnaires_des_organisations_internationales" title="Assemblée des francophones fonctionnaires des organisations internationales">AFFOI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TV5Monde" title="TV5Monde">TV5Monde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_La_Francophonie" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in La Francophonie">LGBT rights</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Francophone_economy" title="Francophone economy">Francophone economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senghor_University" title="Senghor University">Senghor University</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Organisation_internationale_de_la_Francophonie" title="Category:Organisation internationale de la Francophonie">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q224#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata3003" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q224#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata3003" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q224#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000121120050">ISNI</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/152376980">VIAF</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1212674/">FAST</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJqBvTfkJyB3h3MYHMm8G3">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4073841-3">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n81035140">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12363401c">France</a><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb15304388d">2</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11951317p">3</a></li></ul></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12363401c">BnF data</a><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb15304388d">2</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11951317p">3</a></li></ul></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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</div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-b766959bd-v47bn","wgBackendResponseTime":170,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"4.319","walltime":"5.024","ppvisitednodes":{"value":32940,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":1066608,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":104546,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":23,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":124,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":1369756,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 4227.319 1 -total"," 42.62% 1801.739 2 Template:Reflist"," 18.72% 791.431 183 Template:Cite_web"," 13.24% 559.521 1 Template:Infobox_country"," 7.97% 336.850 53 Template:Cite_journal"," 7.27% 307.189 66 Template:Sfn"," 6.27% 265.074 54 Template:Cite_book"," 5.58% 235.948 47 Template:Cite_news"," 3.73% 157.667 3 Template:ISO_3166_code"," 3.37% 142.519 1 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[\"CITEREFClissoldHenry_Clifford_Darby1968\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCresswell2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDIP1990_(a)\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDarja_Radović_Mahečić2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDinersteinOlsonJoshiVynne2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDubravica2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDzino2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFabijanić2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFisher2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFont2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFForbrigDemeš2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFranceschini2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFraničević2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFrucht2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFučić1971\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGeiger2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGibbonJohn_Bagnell_BuryBoorstin1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGluhak1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGoldstein\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGoldstein1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGraaffNyce2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGreenberg2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHedges1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHeka2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHeka2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHeršakNikšić2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHintz2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHoare2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHoare2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHoare2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHuzjan2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIvandija1968\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJ._B._Bury1923\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJanine_Natalya_Clark2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJelovac2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJerbić2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJob2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKaplan1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKapović2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKarakaš_Obradov_Marica2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKasapović2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKatičić1989\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKinzer1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKlemenčičŽagar2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKozlica2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKočović1985\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLane1973\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMacGregor2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMagas1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMagaš2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMandić1952\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMargetić1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMatas2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMatasović2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMatković2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMaurović2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMeštrović2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMidlarsky2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMontgomery1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMrđenFriganović1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMurphy1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMužić2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNash1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNicolson2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNova2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNujić2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPauković2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPavličević2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPerman2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPili2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPiliVerković2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPiteša2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPiteša2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPolatschek1989\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPosavec1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPotrebicaDizdar2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPowers1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPredoević2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPuljizBežovanMatkovićŠućur2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRadovićČivićTopić2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRich1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRitchieRoser2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRitchieRoser2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRoser2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSalopek2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSkenderović2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSmith2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStančić2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSteven_Lee_Myers2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStošić\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSudetic1990\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSudetic1991\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFTafra2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTanja_Poletan_Jugović2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTežak-Gregl2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTežak-Gregl2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTomasevich2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTomorad2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTrkulja2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTuckerPriscilla_Mary_Roberts2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTurk1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFUNSC23_August_1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFValentić1990\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVeljkovićStojan_de_Prato2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVidak2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVipotnik2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVozab2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVurušić2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWilkes1995\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFWorld_Intellectual_Property_Organization2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFZrinščak2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFv.k.2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFČuvalo2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFŠute1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFŽerjavić1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFŽerjavić1993b\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFŽerjavić1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFŽivković2013a\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"!\"] = 3,\n [\"As of\"] = 8,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Balkan countries\"] = 1,\n [\"Bar box\"] = 1,\n [\"Bar percent\"] = 3,\n [\"Better source needed\"] = 1,\n [\"Cbignore\"] = 1,\n [\"Circa\"] = 1,\n [\"Citation\"] = 3,\n [\"Citation needed\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite CIA World Factbook\"] = 3,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 53,\n [\"Cite encyclopedia\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 53,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 47,\n [\"Cite thesis\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 177,\n [\"Clear\"] = 2,\n [\"Convert\"] = 23,\n [\"Coord\"] = 2,\n [\"Council of Europe\"] = 1,\n [\"Countries and territories of the Mediterranean Sea\"] = 1,\n [\"Countries of Europe\"] = 1,\n [\"Croatia Yearbook 2018\"] = 1,\n [\"Croatia topics\"] = 1,\n [\"Croatian Census 2011\"] = 3,\n [\"Croatian Census 2021\"] = 2,\n [\"Croatian counties\"] = 1,\n [\"DecreaseNeutral\"] = 2,\n [\"Efn\"] = 5,\n [\"Failed verification\"] = 1,\n [\"Flagicon image\"] = 2,\n [\"Further\"] = 7,\n [\"Harvid\"] = 4,\n [\"Hlist\"] = 1,\n [\"IPA\"] = 2,\n [\"IPAc-en\"] = 1,\n [\"ISBN\"] = 1,\n [\"Increase\"] = 4,\n [\"Infobox country\"] = 1,\n [\"Interlanguage link\"] = 1,\n [\"La Francophonie\"] = 1,\n [\"Lang\"] = 12,\n [\"Langx\"] = 17,\n [\"Largest cities of Croatia\"] = 1,\n [\"Main\"] = 27,\n [\"Map caption\"] = 1,\n [\"Member states of the European Union\"] = 1,\n [\"More citations needed section\"] = 1,\n [\"Multiple image\"] = 9,\n [\"Native name\"] = 1,\n [\"Navboxes\"] = 1,\n [\"Notelist\"] = 1,\n [\"OSCE\"] = 1,\n [\"Osmrelation-inline\"] = 1,\n [\"Other uses\"] = 1,\n [\"PD-notice\"] = 1,\n [\"Portal\"] = 1,\n [\"Pp\"] = 1,\n [\"Pp-move\"] = 1,\n [\"Pronunciation\"] = 1,\n [\"Quantify\"] = 1,\n [\"Refbegin\"] = 1,\n [\"Refend\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Respell\"] = 1,\n [\"See also\"] = 4,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 66,\n [\"Sfn whitelist\"] = 1,\n [\"SfnRef\"] = 2,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Sister project links\"] = 1,\n [\"Switcher\"] = 1,\n [\"Tree list\"] = 1,\n [\"Tree list/end\"] = 1,\n [\"Ublist\"] = 1,\n [\"Unbulleted list\"] = 1,\n [\"Update section\"] = 3,\n [\"Update span\"] = 1,\n [\"Use British English\"] = 1,\n [\"Use dmy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Vunblist\"] = 1,\n [\"Which\"] = 1,\n [\"Wikiatlas\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREF2018_Statistical_Yearbook_of_the_Republic_of_Croatia\"] = 1,\n}\nciteref_patterns = table#1 {\n}\n","limitreport-profile":[["?","520","18.2"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","460","16.1"],["recursiveClone \u003CmwInit.lua:45\u003E","220","7.7"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::gsub","220","7.7"],["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:672\u003E","180","6.3"],["\u003Cmw.lua:694\u003E","140","4.9"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::sub","100","3.5"],["makeCheckSelfFunction 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Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2001-09-03T22:10:33Z","dateModified":"2025-02-15T05:17:29Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/1\/1b\/Flag_of_Croatia.svg","headline":"country in Central Europe"}</script> </body> </html>