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Golgi Apparatus and Cancer: Targeting Enzymes and Pathways for Novel Therapeutic Approaches – Cell Biology
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<main class="site-main" id="main"> <article id="post-89" class="post-89 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-golgi-apparatus tag-cancer tag-cancer-therapy tag-cdk5 tag-enzymes tag-glycosylation tag-golgi-apparatus tag-golgi-fragmentation tag-igf-1r tag-molecular-probes tag-targeted-drug-delivery" itemtype="https://schema.org/CreativeWork" itemscope> <div class="inside-article"> <div class="featured-image page-header-image-single "> <img width="1200" height="628" src="https://cellbiology.blog/archive/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/banner-33-min-scaled-e1731741344801.jpg" class="attachment-full size-full" alt="" itemprop="image" decoding="async" fetchpriority="high" /> </div> <header class="entry-header"> <h1 class="entry-title" itemprop="headline">Golgi Apparatus and Cancer: Targeting Enzymes and Pathways for Novel Therapeutic Approaches</h1> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="posted-on"><time class="entry-date published" datetime="2024-11-16T12:45:52+05:30" itemprop="datePublished">November 16, 2024</time></span> <span class="byline">by <span class="author vcard" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person" itemscope><a class="url fn n" href="https://cellbiology.blog/archive/author/cellbiology/" title="View all posts by cellbiology" rel="author" itemprop="url"><span class="author-name" itemprop="name">cellbiology</span></a></span></span> </div> </header> <div class="entry-content" itemprop="text"> <h4><b>Introduction</b></h4> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">It is also known as the cell’s “post office” since is the primary organelle involved in the processing, packing, and transport of proteins and lipids within the cell. This organelle has a significant function in different cellular activities such as protein glycosylation, compartmentalization, and transport. In fact, in cancer biology, the Golgi apparatus has attracted a new focus to become a beneficial target for therapy. Abnormalities in Golgi apparatus integrity and localization correlate with tumorigenesis and are accompanied by changes in migratory, invasive, and metastatic capabilities. Recognizing the molecular processes that occur in cancer cells related to the Golgi apparatus creates new opportunities to explore new therapeutic approaches that may act upon specific Golgi-associated signals and enzymes. In this article, the author focuses on the current findings associated with the Golgi-targeting strategies in cancer treatment, which can signify new therapeutic avenues when managing the organelle.</span></p> <h4><b>The Role of the Golgi Apparatus in Cancer</b></h4> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Golgi apparatus has a critical role in managing several cellular processes, which are commonly altered by cancer cells as a way of sustaining their growth. The Golgi is also linked to post-translational modification, common of which is glycosylation, which influences protein folding, stability, and signaling. The changes in glycosylation patterns, where the pattern of sugar groups is not consistent with normal cells, are typical for many types of cancer and manifest themselves through increased tumor malignancy and the ability to invade healthy tissues and evade the immune response. Furthermore, the structural characteristics and localization of the Golgi play an essential role in regulating the proper functioning of the cell. In cancer cells, the Golgi apparatus undergoes remodeling, which manifests as fragmentation and promotes cell migration and metastasis. Based on these disruptions in Golgi structure and function, the Golgi apparatus is a potential therapeutic target since focusing on Golgi to maintain normal function may be adverse to cancer cells.</span></p> <p></div></div> <div style="background: #f7f7f7;border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.07);"> <div style="padding: 30px;"><div class="Adblock-main"> <div class="Adblock-head"> <h2>Yearwise Publication Trend on <b>“<a href="https://cellbiology.blog/publication-trends/index/golgi apparatus" target="_blank" title="golgi apparatus - yearwise publication trends">golgi apparatus</a>”</b></h2> </div> </div><div class="results-container"><div class="chart-block" style="padding:15px;"> <div class="left"> <div id="results" class="results"></div> </div> <div class="right"> <div class="chart-container"><canvas id="publicationChart"></canvas></div> </div> <div class="keywordsdiv"> <div style="text-align:center;"><b>Find publication trends on relevant topics</b> </div> <span class="gp-icon icon-tags"><svg viewBox="0 0 512 512" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" height="1em"><path d="M20 39.5c-8.836 0-16 7.163-16 16v176c0 4.243 1.686 8.313 4.687 11.314l224 224c6.248 6.248 16.378 6.248 22.626 0l176-176c6.244-6.244 6.25-16.364.013-22.615l-223.5-224A15.999 15.999 0 00196.5 39.5H20zm56 96c0-13.255 10.745-24 24-24s24 10.745 24 24-10.745 24-24 24-24-10.745-24-24z"></path><path d="M259.515 43.015c4.686-4.687 12.284-4.687 16.97 0l228 228c4.686 4.686 4.686 12.284 0 16.97l-180 180c-4.686 4.687-12.284 4.687-16.97 0-4.686-4.686-4.686-12.284 0-16.97L479.029 279.5 259.515 59.985c-4.686-4.686-4.686-12.284 0-16.97z"></path></svg></span> <span id="keyword-stats"></span> </div> </div></div></div><div class="inside-article"><style> table { margin: 0 0 1.5em; 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if (!statistics || Object.keys(statistics).length === 0) { resultsContainer.innerHTML = '<p>No data found.</p>'; return; } var tableHTML = `<div class='pub-scroll'> <table class='tablediv' border='1' cellspacing='0' cellpadding='0'> <tr> <th>Year</th> <th>Publication Count</th> </tr>`; Object.entries(statistics).sort(([yearA], [yearB]) => yearB - yearA).forEach(([year, count]) => { const displayCount = count === 0 ? 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For example, Golgi mannosidase II (GMII), an enzyme that is involved in the processing of N-glycans, which are involved in cell-cell interactions and signaling. There are stern efforts to design small molecules targeting GMII because of their potent anticancer properties due to their capability of inhibiting glycosylation changes that are pervasive in cancer cells. Nonetheless, the synthesis of selective GMII inhibitors remained a problem since its potent analogs elicited adverse effects linked to inherited lysosomal storage diseases. New approaches have been made in recent years that brought forward new inhibitors that have different binding profiles more suitable for targeting solely GMII with an increased likelihood of success at treating cancer.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Another enzyme is cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), which, as well as being overexpressed in numerous tumors, has been associated with inflammation and cancer proliferation. Bodipy-based COX-2 selective fluorescent probes have been designed for targeting the Golgi apparatus that permits visualizing Golgi-related events in cancer cells. These probes facilitate the determination of cancer cells and the dynamic changes of the Golgi apparatus during cancer development, providing potential for diagnosis and treatment.</span></p> <h4><b>Golgi Fragmentation and Its Impact on Cancer Cell Behavior</b></h4> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Golgi fragmentation is a well-documented occurrence in different types of cancer, such as breast, lung, and prostate cancer. These changes in Golgi’s ultrastructure are not a simple reaction to cellular stress but rather an influence on cancer cell movement and metastasis. Disassembly of the Golgi helps direct protein and vesicles to the front of the moving cells, which supports cancer cell migration. </span><span style="font-weight: 400;">Specifically, it was observed that IGF-1R, an important signaling receptor, localizes to the direct apparatus in response to phosphorylation signals, which promote cancer cell movement.</span><span style="font-weight: 400;"> It could affect the enzymes and processes that control these phenomena and thereby weaken the ‘assaultiveness’ of carcinogenic cells.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) is involved in dEGFR and Golgi fragmentation in Alzheimer’s disease, while this mechanism is identical to that in cancer. It was observed that interference with the CDK5 activity helps to revert Golgi disorganization and decrease cancer cells’ ability to migrate and invade, thus it could be a potential therapeutic target in cancer. Hence, through the regulation of phosphorylation of specific Golgi proteins, including GRASP65, it is possible to orchestrate the structural and functional integrity of the Golgi in cancer cells or any other pathologic context that may distort its normal localization and function and evoke pro-migratory signals.</span></p> <p></div></div> <div style="background: #f7f7f7;border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.07);"> <div style="padding: 30px;"><div class="Adblock-main"> <div class="Adblock-head"> <h2>Recent Publications on <b>“<a href="https://cellbiology.blog/recent-publications/index/golgi apparatus" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="golgi apparatus - yearwise publication list">golgi apparatus</a>”</b></h2> </div> </div> <div class="pb-main"><div class="article-scroll"><div id="results_recent" class="results"></div></div><div class="keywordsdiv" style="margin: 0px 15px;margin-top:20px;"> <div style="text-align:center;"><b>Find publications on relevant topics</b> </div> <span class="gp-icon icon-tags"><svg viewBox="0 0 512 512" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" height="1em"><path d="M20 39.5c-8.836 0-16 7.163-16 16v176c0 4.243 1.686 8.313 4.687 11.314l224 224c6.248 6.248 16.378 6.248 22.626 0l176-176c6.244-6.244 6.25-16.364.013-22.615l-223.5-224A15.999 15.999 0 00196.5 39.5H20zm56 96c0-13.255 10.745-24 24-24s24 10.745 24 24-10.745 24-24 24-24-10.745-24-24z"></path><path d="M259.515 43.015c4.686-4.687 12.284-4.687 16.97 0l228 228c4.686 4.686 4.686 12.284 0 16.97l-180 180c-4.686 4.687-12.284 4.687-16.97 0-4.686-4.686-4.686-12.284 0-16.97L479.029 279.5 259.515 59.985c-4.686-4.686-4.686-12.284 0-16.97z"></path></svg></span> <span id="keyword-papers"></span> </div></div></div><div class="inside-article"> <style> .pb-main{ border: solid 1px #ccc; border-top: none; margin-bottom: 20px; padding-bottom: 25px; background:#fff; } .author-main { border: solid 1px #ccc; border-top: none; margin-bottom: 20px; padding-bottom: 25px; background:#fff; } .publication-block { padding: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; background-color: #f9f9f9; text-align: left; background: #FFF; border-bottom: solid 1px #ccc; margin-left: 15px; margin-right: 15px; } .publication-block h3 { margin: 0 0 10px; color: #000!important; } .publication-block a { font-size: 16px !important; line-height: 1em; font-weight: 600; text-transform: none; color: #000; padding: 0px; } .publication-block a:hover{ color: #227cdc; text-decoration:underline; } .article-scroll { max-height: 445px; overflow-y: auto; overflow-x: hidden; } ::-webkit-scrollbar-track { -webkit-box-shadow: inset 0 0 6px rgba(0,0,0,0.3); background-color: #efefef; border-radius:30px; } ::-webkit-scrollbar { width: 6px; background-color: #efefef; border-radius:30px; } ::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb { background-color: #ababab; 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publicationBlock.innerHTML = publicationHTML; resultsContainer.appendChild(publicationBlock); }); } function displayKeywordPapers(keywords) { var resultsContainer = document.getElementById('keyword-papers'); resultsContainer.innerHTML = ''; if (!keywords || keywords.length === 0) { resultsContainer.innerHTML = '<p>No data found.</p>'; return; } var keywordHTML = ''; keywords.forEach((key, index) => { let key_replace = key.replace(/ /g, '-'); key_replace = key_replace.toLowerCase(); keywordHTML += `<a href="https://cellbiology.blog/recent-publications/index/${key_replace}" target="_blank" title="${key} - publication list">${key}</a>`; if (index < keywords.length - 1) { keywordHTML += ', '; } }); resultsContainer.innerHTML = keywordHTML; } // Call the function with the PHP data var recent_papers = [ { "title": "Visulization of peroxynitrite variation for accurate diagnosis and assessing treatment response of hepatic fibrosis using a Golgi-targetable ratiometric fluorescent probe.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38851042", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "\\\\\\\"Golgi-customized Trojan horse\\\\\\\" nanodiamonds impair GLUT1 plasma membrane localization and inhibit tumor glycolysis.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38789089", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Hyperactivation of SREBP induces Pannexin-1-dependent lytic cell death.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38880128", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Metabolic and phenotypic changes induced by PFAS exposure in two human hepatocyte cell models.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38906088", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Fluorescent probes for targeting the Golgi apparatus: design strategies and applications.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38904177", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Single-cell transcriptomic analysis to identify endomembrane regulation of metalloproteins and motor proteins in autoimmunity.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38960478", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "The Immune Checkpoint Protein PD-L1 Regulates Ciliogenesis and Hedgehog Signaling.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38920633", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Grouper TIM-1 promotes nodavirus infection by inhibiting immune and inflammation response.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/39117128", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Genetic Screening of Factors in the Plant Protein Secretion.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/39115782", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Sphingosine 1-Phosphate Stimulates ER to Golgi Ceramide Traffic to Promote Survival in T98G Glioma Cells.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/39125841", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Cellular and functional evaluation of LDLR missense variants reported in hypercholesterolemic patients demonstrates their hypomorphic impacts on trafficking and LDL internalization.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/39114568", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "The Entamoeba histolytica Vps26 (EhVps26) retromeric protein is involved in phagocytosis: Bioinformatic and experimental approaches.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/39116045", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Identification and characterization of the COPII vesicle-forming GTPase Sar1 in .", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38887666", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Multi-Omic Analysis Reveals Genetic Determinants and Therapeutic Targets of Chronic Kidney Disease and Kidney Function.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38892221", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Further defining the molecular spectrum and long-term follow-up of 17 patients with Dyggve-Melchior-Clausen and Smith-McCort dysplasia type 2.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38860472", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "[Effect of electroacupuncture on autophagy of ovarian granulosa cells in rats with premature ovarian insufficiency].", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38867630", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "A structure-guided strategy to design Golgi apparatus-targeted type-I\/II aggregation-induced emission photosensitizers for efficient photodynamic therapy.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38801870", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "GOLPH3 inhibits erastin-induced ferroptosis in colorectal cancer cells.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38825780", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "Sar1A overexpression in Chinese hamster ovary cells and its effects on antibody productivity and secretion.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38806389", "publishedDate": "2024" }, { "title": "ZW10: an emerging orchestrator of organelle dynamics during the cell division cycle.", "url": "https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38830800", "publishedDate": "2024" } ]; var keywordsArray = ["Golgi apparatus","cancer","Golgi fragmentation","glycosylation","cancer therapy","targeted drug delivery","enzymes","IGF-1R","CDK5","molecular probes"]; displayResults_recent(recent_papers); displayKeywordPapers(keywordsArray); // function stripslashes(str) { // if (typeof str === 'string') { // return str.replace(/\/g, ''); // } // } </script></p> <h4><b>Golgi-Targeted Drug Delivery Systems</b></h4> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The fact that targeted drug delivery systems that make use of the properties of the Golgi apparatus is an encouraging therapeutic prospect. One of the potential methods is based on crescent microgels with antibodies immobilized on their surfaces and enzymes such as glucose oxidase. These microgels exploit and destroy cancer cells by mounting a high concentration of reactive oxygen species inside the Golgi system with a minimal effect on the surrounding healthy cells. This method demonstrates the goals set by applying the Golgi apparatus as a specific site to direct anti-cancer drugs, thus avoiding unwanted general side effects of chemotherapy.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Other strategies are supramolecular nanomedicines ready to inflict two anticancer drugs on the tumor’s Golgi apparatus. These nanomedicines work as “Trojan horses”: They carry drugs across cell membranes and facilitate their accumulation in the Golgi apparatus Just where their healing properties become apparent. These delivery systems can accumulate drugs within the Golgi, where they can abolish the function of cancer cell processes that are dependent on healthy Golgi function, such as glycosylation and protein trafficking, making them a potent weapon against cancer.</span></p> <h4><b>Future Directions and Therapeutic Potential</b></h4> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The targeting of the Golgi apparatus and its associated enzymes presents a novel and underexplored avenue for cancer therapy. As our understanding of the Golgi’s role in cancer continues to evolve, new therapeutic targets and strategies are likely to emerge. Future research should focus on the identification of additional Golgi-specific enzymes and pathways that can be modulated to inhibit cancer progression. Furthermore, the development of selective inhibitors and targeted delivery systems that minimize off-target effects will be crucial for translating these findings into clinical practice.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">A significant challenge lies in understanding the full extent of Golgi-related disruptions in cancer and how they can be leveraged therapeutically. The integration of advanced imaging techniques and molecular biology tools will aid in elucidating the complex interactions between the Golgi and cancer cell signaling networks. Ultimately, the ability to specifically target the Golgi apparatus could revolutionize cancer treatment, offering more precise and effective therapies with reduced side effects.</span></p> <h4><b>Conclusion</b></h4> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The Golgi apparatus has been shown to have several functions in cancer, including cell motility, invasion, and overall tumor development. Through delighting in Golgi-associated enzymes and pathways, investigators are identifying several new prospects that could dramatically affect tumor therapy. From the inhibitors of enzymes to the pharmaceutics targeted delivery systems, the Golgi apparatus is becoming a major target in cancer research. Future studies in this area will help establish unique methods to inhibit the functionality of cancer-producing cells and enhance the prognosis of patients suffering from the disease.</span></p> <p></p> <h4><b>References</b></h4> <ol> <li>Hu, X., Hai, Z., Wu, C., Zhan, W. and Liang, G., 2020. <a href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.analchem.0c04186">A golgi-targeting and dual-color “turn-on” probe for spatially precise imaging of furin.</a> <i>Analytical Chemistry</i>, <i>93</i>(3), pp.1636-1642.</li> <li>He, H., Tan, W., Guo, J., Yi, M., Shy, A.N. and Xu, B., 2020. <a href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00306">Enzymatic noncovalent synthesis.</a> <i>Chemical reviews</i>, <i>120</i>(18), pp.9994-10078.</li> <li>Armstrong, Z., Kuo, C.L., Lahav, D., Liu, B., Johnson, R., Beenakker, T.J., De Boer, C., Wong, C.S., Van Rijssel, E.R., Debets, M.F. and Florea, B.I., 2020. <a href="https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/jacs.0c03880">Manno-epi-cyclophellitols enable activity-based protein profiling of human α-mannosidases and discovery of new Golgi mannosidase II inhibitors.</a> <i>Journal of the American Chemical Society</i>, <i>142</i>(30), pp.13021-13029.</li> <li>He, H., Liu, S., Wu, D. and Xu, B., 2020. <a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/ange.202006290">Enzymatically formed peptide assemblies sequestrate proteins and relocate inhibitors to selectively kill cancer cells.</a> <i>Angewandte Chemie</i>, <i>132</i>(38), pp.16587-16592.</li> <li>Rieger, L., O’Shea, S., Godsmark, G., Stanicka, J., Kelly, G. and O’Connor, R., 2020. <a href="https://www.science.org/doi/abs/10.1126/scisignal.aba3176">IGF-1 receptor activity in the Golgi of migratory cancer cells depends on adhesion-dependent phosphorylation of Tyr1250 and Tyr1251.</a> <i>Science Signaling</i>, <i>13</i>(633), p.eaba3176.</li> <li>Liu, Q., Yuan, Z., Guo, X. and van Esch, J.H., 2020. <a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/anie.202005034">Dual‐functionalized crescent microgels for selectively capturing and killing cancer cells.</a> <i>Angewandte Chemie International Edition</i>, <i>59</i>(33), pp.14076-14080.</li> <li>Hatori, Y., Kubo, T., Sato, Y., Inouye, S., Akagi, R. and Seyama, T., 2020. <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/9/2/129">Visualization of the redox status of cytosolic glutathione using the organelle-and cytoskeleton-targeted redox sensors. </a><i>Antioxidants</i>, <i>9</i>(2), p.129.</li> </ol> <p></div></div> <div style="background: #f7f7f7;border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.07);"> <div style="padding: 30px;"><div class="Adblock-main"> <div class="Adblock-head"> <h2>Top Experts on “<b style="color:#000;font-size:22px;">golgi apparatus</b>“</h2> </div> </div><div class="author-main"><div id="results_author"></div><div style="text-align: center;"><a class="register-button" href="https://cellbiology.blog/expert-search" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Find experts on any field</a></div></div><div class="inside-article" style="background: none;border: none;box-shadow: none;margin-top: -70px;"> <style> .author-block { padding: 15px; 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Email: ", "email": "s-mizu@tagen.tohoku.ac.jp", "slug_tail": "s-mizukami" } }; //console.log(authors_data); displayResults_author(authors_data); var keywordsArray = ["Golgi apparatus","cancer","Golgi fragmentation","glycosylation","cancer therapy","targeted drug delivery","enzymes","IGF-1R","CDK5","molecular probes"]; displayKeywordAuthors(keywordsArray); </script></p> </div> <footer class="entry-meta" aria-label="Entry meta"> <span class="cat-links"><span class="gp-icon icon-categories"><svg viewBox="0 0 512 512" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="1em" height="1em"><path d="M0 112c0-26.51 21.49-48 48-48h110.014a48 48 0 0143.592 27.907l12.349 26.791A16 16 0 00228.486 128H464c26.51 0 48 21.49 48 48v224c0 26.51-21.49 48-48 48H48c-26.51 0-48-21.49-48-48V112z" /></svg></span><span class="screen-reader-text">Categories </span><a href="https://cellbiology.blog/archive/category/golgi-apparatus/" rel="category tag">Golgi Apparatus</a></span> <span 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