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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Motor_sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Motor sports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Motor_sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Configurations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Configurations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Configurations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Configurations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Surfaces" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Surfaces"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Surfaces</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Surfaces-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Motorsport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Motorsport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Motorsport</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Motorsport-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Motorsport subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Motorsport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Track_layout" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Track_layout"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Track layout</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Track_layout-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Road_circuits" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Road_circuits"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Road circuits</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Road_circuits-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Converted_airfields" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Converted_airfields"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Converted airfields</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Converted_airfields-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Race track</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 33 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-33" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">33 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%A9_%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%82" title="حلبة سباق – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حلبة سباق" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circuitu_de_carreres" title="Circuitu de carreres – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Circuitu de carreres" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0dman_meydan%C4%B1" title="İdman meydanı – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İdman meydanı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%81%D1%8A%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Писта за автомобилни състезания – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Писта за автомобилни състезания" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circuit_de_curses" title="Circuit de curses – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Circuit de curses" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%A1vodi%C5%A1t%C4%9B" title="Závodiště – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Závodiště" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racerbane" title="Racerbane – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Racerbane" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rennstrecke" title="Rennstrecke – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Rennstrecke" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circuito_de_carreras" title="Circuito de carreras – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Circuito de carreras" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dromo" title="Dromo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Dromo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lasterketa_zirkuitu" title="Lasterketa zirkuitu – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Lasterketa zirkuitu" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%82%D9%87" title="میدان مسابقه – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="میدان مسابقه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A1sch%C3%BArsa" title="Ráschúrsa – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Ráschúrsa" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circu%C3%ADto_de_carreiras" title="Circuíto de carreiras – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Circuíto de carreiras" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B2%BD%EC%A3%BC%EB%A1%9C" title="경주로 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="경주로" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lico" title="Lico – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Lico" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirkuit_balap" title="Sirkuit balap – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Sirkuit balap" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circuito_(sport)" title="Circuito (sport) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Circuito (sport)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A1%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9C_%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%9D" title="מסלול מרוצים – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מסלול מרוצים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sac%C4%ABk%C5%A1u_trase" title="Sacīkšu trase – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Sacīkšu trase" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balapan_lumba" title="Balapan lumba – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Balapan lumba" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racerbane" title="Racerbane – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Racerbane" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tor_wy%C5%9Bcigowy" title="Tor wyścigowy – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Tor wyścigowy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="Гоночный трек – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гоночный трек" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Race_track" title="Race track – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Race track" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretek%C3%A1rsky_okruh" title="Pretekársky okruh – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Pretekársky okruh" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dirkali%C5%A1%C4%8De" title="Dirkališče – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Dirkališče" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trkali%C5%A1te" title="Trkalište – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Trkalište" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilparata" title="Kilparata – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kilparata" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racerbana" title="Racerbana – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Racerbana" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yar%C4%B1%C5%9F_pisti" title="Yarış pisti – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Yarış pisti" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="Гоночний трек – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Гоночний трек" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B3%BD%E9%81%93" title="賽道 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="賽道" data-language-autonym="粵語" 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class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_tracks&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Race tracks">Race tracks</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Facility built for racing of animals, vehicles, or athletes</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Racecourse" 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For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Racecourse_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Racecourse (disambiguation)">Racecourse (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Race_track_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Race track (disambiguation)">Race track (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Race_track" title="Special:EditPage/Race track">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Race+track%22">"Race track"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Race+track%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Race+track%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Race+track%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Race+track%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Race+track%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Killarney_Race_Track_in_Tableview_Cape_Town.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Killarney_Race_Track_in_Tableview_Cape_Town.jpg/220px-Killarney_Race_Track_in_Tableview_Cape_Town.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Killarney_Race_Track_in_Tableview_Cape_Town.jpg/330px-Killarney_Race_Track_in_Tableview_Cape_Town.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Killarney_Race_Track_in_Tableview_Cape_Town.jpg/440px-Killarney_Race_Track_in_Tableview_Cape_Town.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4550" data-file-height="1123" /></a><figcaption>An aerial view of the <a href="/wiki/Killarney_Race_Track" class="mw-redirect" title="Killarney Race Track">Killarney</a> motorsport race track in Cape Town, South Africa</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BTCC_Brands06_PaddockHill.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/BTCC_Brands06_PaddockHill.jpg/220px-BTCC_Brands06_PaddockHill.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/BTCC_Brands06_PaddockHill.jpg/330px-BTCC_Brands06_PaddockHill.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/BTCC_Brands06_PaddockHill.jpg/440px-BTCC_Brands06_PaddockHill.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1066" /></a><figcaption>Touring Car race at <a href="/wiki/Brands_Hatch" title="Brands Hatch">Brands Hatch</a> circuit</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>race track</b> (<b>racetrack</b>, <b>racing track</b> or <b>racing circuit</b>) is a facility built for <a href="/wiki/Racing" title="Racing">racing</a> of vehicles, athletes, or animals (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Horse_racing" title="Horse racing">horse racing</a> or <a href="/wiki/Greyhound_racing" title="Greyhound racing">greyhound racing</a>). A race track also may feature <a href="/wiki/Grandstand" title="Grandstand">grandstands</a> or concourses. Race tracks are also used in the study of <a href="/wiki/Animal_locomotion" title="Animal locomotion">animal locomotion</a>. </p><p>A <i>racetrack</i> is a permanent facility or building. <i>Racecourse</i> is an alternate term for a horse racing track, found in countries such as the United Kingdom, India, Australia, Hong Kong, and the United Arab Emirates. Race tracks built for bicycles are known as <i><a href="/wiki/Velodrome" title="Velodrome">velodromes</a></i>. <i>Circuit</i> is a common alternate term for race track, given the circuit configuration of most race tracks, allowing races to occur over several laps. Some race tracks may also be known as <i>speedways</i>, or <i>raceways</i>. </p><p>A <i>race course</i>, as opposed to a <i>racecourse</i>, is a nonpermanent track for sports, particularly <a href="/wiki/Road_running" title="Road running">road running</a>, <a href="/wiki/Water_sports" class="mw-redirect" title="Water sports">water sports</a>, <a href="/wiki/Road_racing" title="Road racing">road racing</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Rallying" title="Rallying">rallying</a>. Many sports usually held on race tracks also can occur on temporary tracks, such as the <a href="/wiki/Monaco_Grand_Prix" title="Monaco Grand Prix">Monaco</a> and <a href="/wiki/Singapore_Grand_Prix" title="Singapore Grand Prix">Singapore</a> Grands Prix in <a href="/wiki/Formula_One" title="Formula One">Formula One</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Racecourse_In_Chester3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Racecourse_In_Chester3.jpg/220px-Racecourse_In_Chester3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Racecourse_In_Chester3.jpg/330px-Racecourse_In_Chester3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Racecourse_In_Chester3.jpg/440px-Racecourse_In_Chester3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>A typical racecourse</figcaption></figure> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_track&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some evidence remains of racetracks being developed in several ancient civilizations. The most developed ancient race tracks were the <a href="/wiki/Hippodrome" title="Hippodrome">hippodromes</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">Ancient Greeks</a> and the circuses (<i>circi</i>) of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a>. Both of these structures were designed for horse and <a href="/wiki/Chariot" title="Chariot">chariot</a> racing. The stadium of the <a href="/wiki/Circus_Maximus" title="Circus Maximus">Circus Maximus</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Ancient Rome</a> could hold 200,000 spectators. </p><p>Racing facilities existed during the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a>, and records exist of a public racecourse being opened at <a href="/wiki/Newmarket_Racecourse" title="Newmarket Racecourse">Newmarket</a>, in London, in 1174. In 1780, the <a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Derby" title="Earl of Derby">Earl of Derby</a> created a horse-racing course on his estate at Epsom; the <a href="/wiki/Epsom_Derby" title="Epsom Derby">English Derby</a> continues to be held there today. Racecourses in the British Isles are based on grass, known as turf tracks. In the United States, the race tracks are soil. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1911boardtrackracing.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/1911boardtrackracing.jpg/220px-1911boardtrackracing.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d1/1911boardtrackracing.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="174" /></a><figcaption>Motorcycles racing on a highly banked board track in 1911</figcaption></figure> <p>With the advent of the automobile in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, race tracks were designed to suit the nature of powered machines. The earliest tracks were modified horse-racing courses. Racing automobiles in such facilities began in September 1896, at <a href="/wiki/Narragansett_Park_(1867%E2%80%931924)" title="Narragansett Park (1867–1924)">Narragansett Park</a> in <a href="/wiki/Cranston,_Rhode_Island" title="Cranston, Rhode Island">Cranston, Rhode Island</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Indianapolis_Motor_Speedway" title="Indianapolis Motor Speedway">Indianapolis Motor Speedway</a> was opened in August 1909. </p><p>Beginning in the early 1900s, motorcycle races were run on high, banked, wooden race tracks called <a href="/wiki/Board_track_racing" title="Board track racing">board tracks</a>. During the 1920s, many of the races on the <a href="/wiki/American_Automobile_Association" title="American Automobile Association">AAA</a> Championship circuit were run on such board tracks. Modern racetracks are designed with spectator safety being paramount, following incidents of spectator and <a href="/wiki/Track_marshal" class="mw-redirect" title="Track marshal">track marshals</a> fatalities. These often involve run-off areas, barriers, and high fencing. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sports">Sports</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_track&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Sports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vbjkhsdfwkueyew0076.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Vbjkhsdfwkueyew0076.JPG/220px-Vbjkhsdfwkueyew0076.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Vbjkhsdfwkueyew0076.JPG/330px-Vbjkhsdfwkueyew0076.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Vbjkhsdfwkueyew0076.JPG/440px-Vbjkhsdfwkueyew0076.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Aut%C3%B3dromo_Jos%C3%A9_Carlos_Pace" class="mw-redirect" title="Autódromo José Carlos Pace">Autódromo José Carlos Pace</a> Racetrack showing safety fencing</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ice_Racing.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Ice_Racing.jpg/220px-Ice_Racing.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Ice_Racing.jpg/330px-Ice_Racing.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Ice_Racing.jpg/440px-Ice_Racing.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2280" data-file-height="1432" /></a><figcaption>Motorcycle ice racing</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:In_Car_Micheal_Fitzgerald_Cork_Racing.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/In_Car_Micheal_Fitzgerald_Cork_Racing.jpg/220px-In_Car_Micheal_Fitzgerald_Cork_Racing.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/In_Car_Micheal_Fitzgerald_Cork_Racing.jpg/330px-In_Car_Micheal_Fitzgerald_Cork_Racing.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/In_Car_Micheal_Fitzgerald_Cork_Racing.jpg/440px-In_Car_Micheal_Fitzgerald_Cork_Racing.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1080" /></a><figcaption>View of a race track from a race car at Wakefield Park, Australia</figcaption></figure> <p>Racetracks are used for: </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Animal_sports">Animal sports</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_track&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Animal sports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Camel_racing" title="Camel racing">Camel racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greyhound_racing" title="Greyhound racing">Greyhound racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harness_racing" title="Harness racing">Harness racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horse_racing" title="Horse racing">Horse racing</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Human_sports">Human sports</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_track&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Human sports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bobsleigh" title="Bobsleigh">Bobsleigh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycle_sport" title="Cycle sport">Cycle sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skeleton_(sport)" title="Skeleton (sport)">Skeleton (sport)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Track_and_field" title="Track and field">Track and field</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Motor_sports">Motor sports</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_track&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Motor sports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Auto_racing" title="Auto racing">Auto racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drag_racing" title="Drag racing">Drag racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kart_racing" title="Kart racing">Kart racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motorcycle_racing" title="Motorcycle racing">Motorcycle racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stock_car_racing" title="Stock car racing">Stock car racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Track_racing" title="Track racing">Track racing</a> (motorcycles)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truck_racing" title="Truck racing">Truck racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drift_racing" class="mw-redirect" title="Drift racing">Drift racing</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Configurations">Configurations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_track&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Configurations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hongkongjockeyclub.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Hongkongjockeyclub.jpg/220px-Hongkongjockeyclub.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Hongkongjockeyclub.jpg/330px-Hongkongjockeyclub.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Hongkongjockeyclub.jpg/440px-Hongkongjockeyclub.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1784" data-file-height="1084" /></a><figcaption>Horseracing track, <a href="/wiki/Happy_Valley_Racecourse" title="Happy Valley Racecourse">Happy Valley Racecourse</a> in Hong Kong, showing grandstands</figcaption></figure> <p>Some racetracks offer little in the way of permanent infrastructure other than the track; others incorporate spectator facilities such as <a href="/wiki/Grandstand" title="Grandstand">grandstands</a>, hospitality or facilities for competitors, such as pit lanes and garages, paddocks and stables. Several racetracks are incorporated into larger venues or complexes, incorporating golf courses, museums, hotels, and conference centres. Some racetracks are small enough to be contained indoors, for sports such as <a href="/wiki/Motocross" title="Motocross">motocross</a>, <a href="/wiki/Track_cycling" title="Track cycling">track cycling</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sport_of_athletics" title="Sport of athletics">athletics</a>. </p><p>Many racetracks are multi-use, allowing different types of sport on the same track, or incorporating many tracks in one venue. Commonly, <a href="/wiki/Running_track" title="Running track">running tracks</a> are incorporated within general use or <a href="/wiki/Soccer" class="mw-redirect" title="Soccer">soccer</a> stadiums, either permanently visible or covered by stands or pitches. </p><p>Many horse and motorsport tracks are configurable, allowing different routes or sections. Some venues contain smaller tracks inside larger ones, with access tunnels and bridges for spectators. Some racetracks incorporate a short course and a longer course which uses part of the shorter one, usually the main straight, such as <a href="/wiki/Brands_Hatch" title="Brands Hatch">Brands Hatch</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Le_Mans" title="Le Mans">Le Mans</a> road race venue is centred on a smaller permanent circuit within its complex. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vallelunga.race.circuit.in.italy.arp.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Vallelunga.race.circuit.in.italy.arp.jpg/220px-Vallelunga.race.circuit.in.italy.arp.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Vallelunga.race.circuit.in.italy.arp.jpg/330px-Vallelunga.race.circuit.in.italy.arp.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Vallelunga.race.circuit.in.italy.arp.jpg/440px-Vallelunga.race.circuit.in.italy.arp.jpg 2x" data-file-width="991" data-file-height="745" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/ACI_Vallelunga_Circuit" class="mw-redirect" title="ACI Vallelunga Circuit">ACI Vallelunga</a> car racing track near Rome, Italy, a typical meandering layout with <a href="/wiki/Run-off_area" title="Run-off area">run-off areas</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Surfaces">Surfaces</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_track&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Surfaces"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stadion_Haunstetten.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Stadion_Haunstetten.jpg/220px-Stadion_Haunstetten.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Stadion_Haunstetten.jpg/330px-Stadion_Haunstetten.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Stadion_Haunstetten.jpg/440px-Stadion_Haunstetten.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6702" data-file-height="1535" /></a><figcaption>Stadion Haunstetten, a sand track</figcaption></figure> <p>Surfaces include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Running_track" title="Running track">All-weather running track</a> (Tartan) (athletics)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artificial_turf" title="Artificial turf">Artificial turf</a> (electric radio controlled off-road racing)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Asphalt/<a href="/wiki/Asphalt_concrete" title="Asphalt concrete">tarmac</a> (motorsports, athletics, cycling)</li> <li>Carpet (electric radio controlled racing)<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concrete" title="Concrete">Concrete</a> (motorsports)</li> <li>Dirt (horses, greyhounds, automobiles, motorbikes (track racing), stock cars, radio controlled off-road racing, cycling)</li> <li>Grass (horses, amateur motorsports, <a href="/wiki/Cross_country_running" title="Cross country running">cross country running</a>)</li> <li>Ice (<a href="/wiki/Speed_skating_rink" title="Speed skating rink">speed skating</a> – when on dirt tracks, bobsleighs, speed skating, <a href="/wiki/Ice_racing" title="Ice racing">ice motor racing</a>)</li> <li>Sand (horses, camels, greyhounds, <a href="/wiki/Rally_raid" title="Rally raid">rally raid</a>)</li> <li>Wood (cycling) (<a href="/wiki/Board_track_racing" title="Board track racing">board track racing</a> – now defunct)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Motorsport">Motorsport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_track&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Motorsport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Car track" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Track_car_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Track car (disambiguation)">Track car</a>.</div> <p>Race tracks are primarily designed for <a href="/wiki/Road_racing" title="Road racing">road racing</a> competition through speed, featuring defined start-finish lines or posts, and sometimes even a series of defined timing points that divide the track into time sectors. A racetrack for cars (i.e. a car track) is a closed circuit, instead of a <a href="/wiki/Street_circuit" title="Street circuit">street circuit</a> utilizing temporarily closed public <a href="/wiki/Road" title="Road">roads</a>. </p><p>Race tracks can host individual or team sports. Racetracks can feature <a href="/wiki/Rolling_start" title="Rolling start">rolling starts</a>, or fixed starts, with associated equipment (starting blocks, cages, wheel traps etc.) They invariably feature a <a href="/wiki/Pit_lane" class="mw-redirect" title="Pit lane">pit lane</a>, and usually timing equipment. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Track_layout">Track layout</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_track&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Track layout"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> Some car tracks are of an <a href="/wiki/Oval" title="Oval">oval</a> shape, and can be banked, which allows almost universal spectator views or high speed racing (cycling, stock cars). A famous one is <a href="/wiki/Nard%C3%B2_Ring" title="Nardò Ring">Nardò</a> where high-speed manufacturer testing often takes place, and the <a href="/wiki/Indianapolis_Motor_Speedway" title="Indianapolis Motor Speedway">Indianapolis Motor Speedway</a>. Some oval tracks are variations on an oval shape, for practical reasons or to introduce varying difficulties such as <a href="/wiki/Talladega_Superspeedway" title="Talladega Superspeedway">Talladega</a> (a tri-oval). Most race tracks have meandering circuits with many curves, <a href="/wiki/Chicane" title="Chicane">chicanes</a> and changes in height, to allow for a challenge in skill to the competitors, notably <a href="/wiki/Motocross" title="Motocross">motocross</a> and <a href="/wiki/Touring_car_racing" title="Touring car racing">touring car racing</a> – these tend to predominate throughout most of the world, but especially in Europe.</p><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nard%C3%B2_ring.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Nard%C3%B2_ring.jpg/220px-Nard%C3%B2_ring.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Nard%C3%B2_ring.jpg/330px-Nard%C3%B2_ring.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Nard%C3%B2_ring.jpg/440px-Nard%C3%B2_ring.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>Photograph from space of <a href="/wiki/Nard%C3%B2_Ring" title="Nardò Ring">Nardò Ring</a> in Italy, it is 12.6 kilometres (7.8 mi) long and is perfectly round – the image was taken from the <a href="/wiki/International_Space_Station" title="International Space Station">ISS</a> at an angle making it appear elliptical.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Road_circuits">Road circuits</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_track&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Road circuits"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Street_circuit" title="Street circuit">Street circuit</a></div> <p>Flatter meandering motorsport courses are sometimes called 'road circuits', originating in the fact that the earliest road racing circuits were simply closed-off public roads. Some car racetracks are specifically configured in a long straight, namely <a href="/wiki/Drag_racing" title="Drag racing">drag racing</a>. </p><p>True road circuits are still in use, e.g. the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Grand_Prix" title="Australian Grand Prix">Australian GP</a> has been run in <a href="/wiki/Adelaide_Street_Circuit" title="Adelaide Street Circuit">Adelaide</a> and continues to be in <a href="/wiki/Melbourne_Grand_Prix_Circuit" class="mw-redirect" title="Melbourne Grand Prix Circuit">Melbourne</a> on regular city streets. The most famous of these are the <a href="/wiki/Monaco_Grand_Prix" title="Monaco Grand Prix">Monaco GP</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Circuit_de_la_Sarthe" title="Circuit de la Sarthe">Circuit de la Sarthe</a> circuit in <a href="/wiki/Le_Mans" title="Le Mans">Le Mans</a>, France. These are not permanent facilities built for racing (although parts of the Circuit de la Sarthe are purpose-built, and closed to the public). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Converted_airfields">Converted airfields</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_track&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Converted airfields"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, many wartime airfields, particularly in Great Britain, were left without further use. This coincided with a post-war boom in motorsport, and many airfields were converted to race tracks, where the circuit layout usually combined parts of the runways and the surrounding perimeter taxiways. The famous British track at <a href="/wiki/Silverstone_Circuit" title="Silverstone Circuit">Silverstone</a> is a former <a href="/wiki/Class_A_airfield" title="Class A airfield">Class A airfield</a>, as are <a href="/wiki/Castle_Combe_Circuit" title="Castle Combe Circuit">Castle Combe</a> and <a href="/wiki/Goodwood_Circuit" title="Goodwood Circuit">Goodwood</a>. The long runways were perfect for drag strips such as at <a href="/wiki/Santa_Pod_Raceway" title="Santa Pod Raceway">Santa Pod Raceway</a>. This type of track also appears on the popular motoring show <i><a href="/wiki/Top_Gear_(2002_TV_series)" title="Top Gear (2002 TV series)">Top Gear</a></i>, which is filmed at <a href="/wiki/Dunsfold_Aerodrome" title="Dunsfold Aerodrome">Dunsfold Aerodrome</a>, in Surrey, United kingdom </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_track&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animal_locomotion" title="Animal locomotion">Animal locomotion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auto_racing" title="Auto racing">Auto racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_motor_racing_circuits_by_FIA_grade" title="List of motor racing circuits by FIA grade">List of motor racing circuits by FIA grade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_horse_racing_venues" title="List of horse racing venues">List of horse racing venues</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_track&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.neobuggy.net/2014/12/01/2015-ifmar-yatabe-worlds-astrogate/">"2015 IFMAR Yatabe Worlds: Astrogate"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304040845/http://www.neobuggy.net/2014/12/01/2015-ifmar-yatabe-worlds-astrogate/">Archived</a> from the original on 4 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 December</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2015+IFMAR+Yatabe+Worlds%3A+Astrogate&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.neobuggy.net%2F2014%2F12%2F01%2F2015-ifmar-yatabe-worlds-astrogate%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARace+track" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150218063550/http://news.efra.ws/fileadmin/news/2014/12/Result%20postal%20vote%20November%20Electric%20IFMAR2014%26Datechange%20%281%29.pdf">"Subject: Electric Section Postal Vote Result & Electric date change"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>International Federation Of Model Auto Racing</i>. 14 December 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.efra.ws/fileadmin/news/2014/12/Result%20postal%20vote%20November%20Electric%20IFMAR2014&Datechange%20%281%29.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2015-02-18.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=International+Federation+Of+Model+Auto+Racing&rft.atitle=Subject%3A+Electric+Section+Postal+Vote+Result+%26+Electric+date+change&rft.date=2014-12-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.efra.ws%2Ffileadmin%2Fnews%2F2014%2F12%2FResult%2520postal%2520vote%2520November%2520Electric%2520IFMAR2014%26Datechange%2520%25281%2529.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARace+track" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140822091429/http://www.ifmar.org/pdf/rules/ifmar_wc_electric_track_2014.pdf">"IFMAR Electric Track Racing and Technical Rules"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/IFMAR" class="mw-redirect" title="IFMAR">IFMAR</a></i>. 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ifmar.org/pdf/rules/ifmar_wc_electric_track_2014.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2014-08-22. <q>The track surface for 1/12th Class is recommended to be indoors on standardised needle carpet.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IFMAR&rft.atitle=IFMAR+Electric+Track+Racing+and+Technical+Rules&rft.date=2014&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ifmar.org%2Fpdf%2Frules%2Fifmar_wc_electric_track_2014.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARace+track" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.roarracing.com/downloads/2013_ROAR_Rule_Book.pdf">"ROAR Rulebook"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>ROAR Racing</i>. 2013. p. 14. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150817060529/http://www.roarracing.com/downloads/2013_ROAR_Rule_Book.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2015-08-17.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ROAR+Racing&rft.atitle=ROAR+Rulebook&rft.pages=14&rft.date=2013&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.roarracing.com%2Fdownloads%2F2013_ROAR_Rule_Book.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARace+track" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Race_track&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: 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