CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="390"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "www.tandfonline.com",cType: 'managed',cRay: '90a4fa4c1af440d8',cH: 'fdOLHxbSmpGlsJzqJyPu0pX0f_kNtZhhjZnh_WgBb9c-1738276973-1.2.1.1-9kLLCPBQktNJJ9nQbrzFM3tm0tLvk1u.uDmfbSG8IhYwvbNAO7iGavBQuLA57UIS',cUPMDTk: "\/action\/authorSubmission?show=instructions&journalCode=tled20&__cf_chl_tk=JcfzyrqOF4OztFtToIGXEwMMYoqpvBSasqPZf3NEXTQ-1738276973-1.0.1.1-96l2DJgQOYw7tZo5cl9FzxXKQ9QU3EZm8X7LtlnDw0U",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1738276973',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '390000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/action\/authorSubmission?show=instructions&journalCode=tled20&__cf_chl_f_tk=JcfzyrqOF4OztFtToIGXEwMMYoqpvBSasqPZf3NEXTQ-1738276973-1.0.1.1-96l2DJgQOYw7tZo5cl9FzxXKQ9QU3EZm8X7LtlnDw0U",md: "BdM1SRTaQ687PetKbVEjBaJshGGO_stwx0TRgdq0wxA-1738276973-1.2.1.1-h82TYJst6c2.NiziONji8xHI3Gac6mWoOiHmwV4soAtNHdb2Z0IfOzl96BlPjtVhG.8irUW2YyAPFtfEPJpEPBVcl06XWU_V8Qn0iMXNnGKk_EzN2hvN0._nM61RGTx5mJqLd_CDJnippCVdWw1Elytk6Xc1DvnBrwvLT0fmJCZsxvBCCvZuPddp2iNySL1oVc9UAGUUcvSury_OzDm4z8IIsrouLeD9uLIcijopz9j5KzDGnt2XC3.P8rO.OUCoO54tYKD0Fkc6SY0MIrp8yFVhj9szPaF70YaFixxvTmmuPoYIs7gQbskj3MBqPpAv5l58W8NknpwbGqhHCkjMU1.57VnFaRuu5YxolOHUwKfAGWFPiUTvWAp1EsWZ1neog_ht5Vh61UrW2MG1fgDP1_sPKkO2VQnzf44x79P_Nu7efanuUFjTh70pj_shO8znJUQcJrGY.Aditww9dHfTdE_jF9aH.MwOJAHyfIYkpUi4duyeTiQiMZj8n5wueD7n2QA1dRGj.db3hThIJE7U.9cXg6.ACdCzX8oFH7z9JplSGsjL4RlihsRUsDH88gHjTGQ78z5k4NMIqncGhS01KH5UtC8SEyaYP5o0w4BpKs9T7pWy2.iRmEoXRQIdEQjDdxqAchdf7jR9kH255daQCCwgw.99C0ireDBpBjXsl4PpR3NGydiF7G7aKP5_gFifq1aoqDzpoypq_1Tm72RBsZ4HaDRRmhmTWPNk.12KjaIxzIUtEdQtu_uhbzuCBSm3z5INeRIN1Pk14MvP65Caur24BtR2R1bTXzxKWoSfb.mjhKx8gWkJ1.eh70m902Shebfj3dqHMYRq5gob7qHnf6iN4brm5nW7TXkXpCysVKorBzvRu.QQQ2xl1HmBeXwFZqUbWAcehTHFL8fQPxjyyj5p5oWwy6rYvpur2EbH7Y_yE9diePdeUufRHBtyoL2_rI_smff5fYHiLmDQxhXIVjzv1evRjIv1FKyZgERVpxBAI8riDYPmmcG0TXyIfuC3kG4jZMnsqD9mUqux8Fc06gMU4ZypKBd5GHImHc80PBU_cNrqpd8jZQVHULCjWmGuMd8NiQ.b7xI9oIfay0oPvm1kvGp1Ylwbix_0acZlNXcLQCl3NEW5lqudbIZkcQdqLPuquuPuRxdGJlWjFa5iRukYXU_3moWWSx9B4WQ8JeeN7e3LdtdPuTBt5KxZYiGj6SVa0ZbgAbMFcprUfkD6aEfSP3ZM1i.VvGZC_gYwJ7cYPtz2XR3vUijkNUTdSDGpbrntHkYi5TpIjkQHzHGHzmT226fIsoGwIKEg5V33S4FYuAwgLpk7iFxEzPPqjl8E7zwi3ZON2UTFDCM.vPuyGObkNswn5mc5KBQYEjRmVorFSgMcYDUOWZm7KSjyjvNc8sJkpMoW1Q94q79BhSpx0wl57orGNi.Nk2xzS3VRdWWQF9IClQ8G0Ut.VsSKZjFRuqDIJK9hPCGn66P1LTePzwk3c3OrPndiF00GRZ2vacqVGOteHB.8h_d1pdy_MQFAii4MTq9YA0WT1wyWkmc9DyU3KUaZ4IvWRrQfT8ZxgUeEgXqfRdJRdZpLR3d3NYJEOPNpxT2Ol8szm67Pckybg32BsWAH9tnk5w7dX29lc69lPqX3DVintrR5LZRZl8O.9JVJaQfPOgSJFcDxDnoSr_on4HGLuIE4aOKBfdsoXQ54KS.4RFvh3lh03uU0cZm9AwkcVXtf6bFVM7KanKufhYITCyVlznywXePw7_IEUqRPrvZkmOocgiqKYRacna2xSbLFKaL6OQR2_Uf9yaNlDIzoqO0qDEnZjMro_X3i_V7GxnibB9owxTi3PpaPyMxmITQCPJh.avnKw8l3rk2lixLwkPCGxCd8wNdPt0iZVZkmEvrJ51.l.YIHe.mYs6TsbIr7It0GZ0YZmwVMqOdAy7llUCdEc74pn8ILlinJpqZPBSI4OfAwWPXghA_vJPWLhN7cvVTj4y2Oen7K6ihbbaL8w_aOgNXoqMZX7QfgNrTYQl9xQGkWpaXljuM0LuLkeT4z1G6lnX8DQPGMpHtnrtdg6Kn5n54.yAl54_Z4bUrU4vYfajVqT0F9oZSz6__KxxKYjEGrw8A0QN2IY5IvsYlwtVmM3YQ7_2L3WFolCk3CU2Nap9OjCPce0HwBRO9yebw5Nd8NLv1wQzyyIxnSQ.Bzlq67S6kenxQvHlk4leA.uyngFvJS9qhKeKP4OvnARaKVfgbqfduYa17VtX0wEIf5obb25wkjCSKLCaHfazudEATUAs1tvXgw.sbqE5uFL3uS9_irW4Bwf7nl04B3dWsW4qt7MKHQ0p.fq710r90lcJxUzEStyuGtz.OVcjgdAZxF_o22qujRX_ZiylcNJyzkc8TMunEfuriGvaSn_nBe44L5ydawoGU6jM5YMnnEsdi7aFRoYJXD7tcqJ6dDEKMwfpISQkheHEXKZUx2xY0OWZcE1E3_UP2wbi2ph360q_q.qaqaNbIwOkjsCns6cr_DzOQpaZ18zqBQdHhlRKRohLH13EuZDUYSKtntOeApq0KAActgimENAONNd0Wp06XVs_Dv5y2KUIXM.Tgbeu4NyT.eXvSb7PRjvB0bpTlTJSbU0N1WgiYWPACJfsxnSYKvYcfeUQFFuaVE._UMv2yt8fAkdXx765pZy3CtzT3Y",mdrd: "g7LVs2jlOQVXx8xIjf3YRec0CG6ebJaaLNtmj7O9i1A-1738276973-1.2.1.1-k5tokzGP.HPQXqdIFHqm88IADPL2nikYHxWdEIXDJHfWj.ATkhmSs8nABfXG_iUl2NE9OsJZKoaORBAdowfWeoBwYgp8CFvW87QjIhB_gpNAA9JNQ.F9JqXeaMV9KGFA_STUxOq1FjpxjnsTHAjwDzuLMBL4oDocTpZ5B3MF.V1nd785.vg31RoAjqPqS7njyu79RSy6jZmhnA6tulELpkDy_QT3WbT2JRvQjwCc5z7EaNXQz02IYoR6PM56_f3XieTQhvr1i9tLBHYVzQRfheQ26W9jPKnD3mquD8MkuATXHkmWlcjbucdKOM08WlyZ7pUQDKK5g_.IDSlveFaPfJyjqrm9_3JubZlw3Ccjm3JM.JlSOw8Kfew68TXo7EcneWVmdaLhcMLhth7Uu.Euf19calgLErsBYBnAhtTJz5xM9MufzzGxJCg_Su.yqOSpanFFdfjTNKkxJ1TMe.6qdnoWswdQU5cvIXtisdfRAqm1GX.V63ankIHXcf6EZHhveTAuXfdOs2i0bMVidqlt17NHqbXzcAKi63JyK5zeyG9QZioA7maXIHD0fcGOv_CBpe_CUTgtNITRJGr14iTE50bH6td14oDWuf.HNph5We7hbVcoyU1B5qqsAPT.hdsZ8MY3MDU8ZAuP1N85NTbKrlvb0WmFBmEgEgSiXkqQltiIiNgQxFaQKlSm1XssVjZuOWGR5O26xsm_MGvzleVOxogxPDsWP9OfPZM6277.A3YCgu5llU.kULtRfxL8vRgKoXbILzi7TeVtvJUjSPS_7sdO7_fiQhuFmqQHv2r4ns_5JloqCG9gJjjhYi_RGwZCREuqvXCTZ7pL3wmnQKsK2r2yoIgXObT8gbJJahHXhtYA5191pwc4QwOQxdKj5YnHUrZAwESGt.I.B0f7RKqsqcEE_ryv4RmL92o.FrJ7bHKR..9ZNrhp8nkHYZzfjb5td10sUnaYymdBWKqHVbL98pbAY1l6iJH6FHUUZJpvgjtC7jh27QEqbeaTg.fBhxrZlaLp3Rna6_n3BS5yiaHXpu.XxlIXPukDxMM98gOoDlpMZpM4VLjWt_GPSCwCYn6_lEXfWSjy3UI0_ypT53TJFvWLveHF921lTxQ3FN9IOdYn0yLuOZNli4b3OjvZ2FQUd9DjKKFWBoonSiyEtLyuvKQtSOv9QfAMJZHwrA4pNYQO_Ws2zAhybGtjsFWTgbcCH7S.YP8SUoE3D93cyaifej5sy39k0plbup1qAInk6MSW.LoE4zTIGfvzom0cmGPV0.o7sJyeRG0r7sQZy.VVVElu_uJXld7vVgg0v4xHv6XNuQF4FJNEAyLOb63V4ptMqVu18lllzkGRkMDwzCRAqY2.cPs.bgrULCNesTEB74yfCYJnCZQOV5fripGxDoznBV1QMeX8u2rRU1.UK5ASjZcdKb87pSENSepaJFm3JgRdq5RanhwxZuvy3B0ckDcuaQvkD7mKSzHYfHetbvg4Dsimhyd1Q1_FWFdwxxkFEeUjm_8rNAzodzdLJ47b43DCGL2n4bubBV.G4UzasFiVuaS9ubsoUezZSNu86ZtAGVgGkuEG7rMG_XydOgjKVCzMDG7KzTD4ImxLP20x9V3HDdhGRsCAU7C9_eiO0NimWOquts1.J2aSx2zShsivXig2TdW96Io.4L1PVnJsEZWvvLK94tpg20NyUL5awxnulleYwsUydPCynKANcuF2AZS7ngvSTT7FkC8DHPWoqyxyOJa4NakczAlaVKUA8_AfuJ3X5UYxJ4p3DiTl03nUpZD5NtyZYTEj6WQLJ6ipUe.1RpIIA4WJKaOmvwp0exUYQjVql60UDLblNzSzMQmLB8YgrYbPb_pNQ3cLzG0DJ_SMoJtqW1P61tJnZ9Zw6nn1Tcfob_ncN8xVpSoItHP98ne1lNFhz6LysUs4NI1v9XbZyKqKApbtHgE27UWUnA60PbI"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=90a4fa4c1af440d8';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/action\/authorSubmission?show=instructions&journalCode=tled20&__cf_chl_rt_tk=JcfzyrqOF4OztFtToIGXEwMMYoqpvBSasqPZf3NEXTQ-1738276973-1.0.1.1-96l2DJgQOYw7tZo5cl9FzxXKQ9QU3EZm8X7LtlnDw0U" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>