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class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Projekt"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Obsah" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Obsah</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">přesunout do postranního panelu</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">skrýt</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(úvod)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Přírodní_podmínky" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Přírodní_podmínky"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Přírodní podmínky</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Přírodní_podmínky-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Historie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pamětihodnosti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pamětihodnosti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Pamětihodnosti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pamětihodnosti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Doprava" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Doprava"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Doprava</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Doprava-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Přepnout podsekci Doprava</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Doprava-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Letiště" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Letiště"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Letiště</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Letiště-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Železnice" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Železnice"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Železnice</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Železnice-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mashhad_Urban_Railway" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mashhad_Urban_Railway"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Mashhad Urban Railway</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mashhad_Urban_Railway-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Partnerská_města" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Partnerská_města"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Partnerská města</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Partnerská_města-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Galerie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Galerie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Galerie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Galerie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Odkazy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Odkazy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Odkazy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Odkazy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Přepnout podsekci Odkazy</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Odkazy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Reference" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reference"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Reference</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reference-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literatura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literatura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Literatura</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literatura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Související_články" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Související_články"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Související články</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Související_články-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Externí_odkazy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Externí_odkazy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>Externí odkazy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Externí_odkazy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Obsah" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Přepnout obsah" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Přepnout obsah</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Mašhad</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Přejděte k článku v jiném jazyce. Je dostupný v 98 jazycích" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-98" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">98 jazyků</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masjhad" title="Masjhad – afrikánština" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Masjhad" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%AF" title="مشهد – arabština" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مشهد" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%AF" title="مشهد – arabština (egyptská)" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="مشهد" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="arabština (egyptská)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C9%99%C5%9Fh%C9%99d" title="Məşhəd – ázerbájdžánština" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Məşhəd" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="ázerbájdžánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%AF" title="مشهد – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="مشهد" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D3%99%D1%88%D2%BB%D3%99%D0%B4" title="Мәшһәд – baškirština" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Мәшһәд" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baškirština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%88%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%B4" title="Мешхед – běloruština" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Мешхед" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="běloruština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8D%D1%88%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%B4" title="Мэшхэд – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Мэшхэд" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Машхад – bulharština" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Машхад" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulharština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6" title="মাশহাদ – bengálština" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মাশহাদ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengálština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mashhad" title="Mashhad – bretonština" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Mashhad" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ma%C5%A1had" title="Mašhad – bosenština" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Mašhad" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosenština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%88%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%B4" title="Мешхед – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Мешхед" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mashad" title="Mashad – katalánština" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Mashad" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%88%D1%85%D3%80%D0%B5%D0%B4" title="МешхӀед – čečenština" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="МешхӀед" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="čečenština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ma%C5%A1had" title="Mašhad – cebuánština" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Mašhad" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%95%D8%B4%DA%BE%DB%95%D8%AF" title="مەشھەد – kurdština (sorání)" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="مەشھەد" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurdština (sorání)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mashhad" title="Mashhad – dánština" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Mashhad" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maschhad" title="Maschhad – němčina" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Maschhad" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="němčina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B1%CF%83%CF%87%CE%AC%CE%BD%CF%84" title="Μασχάντ – řečtina" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μασχάντ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="řečtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mashhad" title="Mashhad – angličtina" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Mashhad" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angličtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ma%C5%9Dhado" title="Maŝhado – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Maŝhado" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mashhad" title="Mashhad – španělština" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Mashhad" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="španělština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mashhad" title="Mashhad – estonština" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Mashhad" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxhad" title="Maxhad – baskičtina" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Maxhad" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskičtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="nejlepší článek"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%AF" title="مشهد – perština" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مشهد" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ma%C5%A1had" title="Mašhad – finština" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Mašhad" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machhad" title="Machhad – francouzština" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Machhad" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francouzština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mashhad" title="Mashhad – galicijština" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Mashhad" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicijština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%AF" title="مشهد – gilačtina" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="مشهد" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="gilačtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mashhad" title="Mashhad – hauština" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Mashhad" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hauština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%94%D7%93" title="משהד – hebrejština" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="משהד" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrejština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%A6" title="मशहद – hindština" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मशहद" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ma%C5%A1had" title="Mašhad – chorvatština" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Mašhad" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="chorvatština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meshed" title="Meshed – maďarština" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Meshed" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="maďarština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A1%D5%B7%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%A4" title="Մաշհադ – arménština" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մաշհադ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mashhad" title="Mashhad – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Mashhad" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masyhad" title="Masyhad – indonéština" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Masyhad" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonéština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mashdad" title="Mashdad – interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Mashdad" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mashad" title="Mashad – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Mashad" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mashhad" title="Mashhad – italština" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Mashhad" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A5%E3%83%8F%E3%83%89" title="マシュハド – japonština" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="マシュハド" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%A8%E1%83%B0%E1%83%94%E1%83%93%E1%83%98" title="მეშჰედი – gruzínština" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მეშჰედი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruzínština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%88%D2%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Машһад – kazaština" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Машһад" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazaština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A7%88%EC%8A%88%ED%95%98%EB%93%9C" title="마슈하드 – korejština" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="마슈하드" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korejština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Me%C5%9Fhed" title="Meşhed – kurdština" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Meşhed" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%88%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%B4" title="Мешхед – kyrgyzština" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Мешхед" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kyrgyzština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexatum" title="Mexatum – latina" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Mexatum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Me%C5%A1hedas" title="Mešhedas – litevština" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Mešhedas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litevština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Me%C5%A1heda" title="Mešheda – lotyština" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Mešheda" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lotyština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8D%D1%88%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%B4" title="Мэшхэд – mokšanština" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Мэшхэд" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="mokšanština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mashhad" title="Mashhad – malgaština" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Mashhad" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgaština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahara" title="Mahara – maorština" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Mahara" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="maorština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B6%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D" title="മശ്‌ഹദ് – malajálamština" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മശ്‌ഹദ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajálamština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Машхад – mongolština" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Машхад" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%A6" title="मशहद – maráthština" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="मशहद" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="maráthština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mashad" title="Mashad – malajština" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Mashad" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%88%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%B4_%D0%BE%D1%88" title="Мешхед ош – erzjanština" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Мешхед ош" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="erzjanština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%AF" title="مشهد – mázandaránština" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="مشهد" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mázandaránština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mashhad" title="Mashhad – nizozemština" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Mashhad" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nizozemština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mashhad" title="Mashhad – norština (bokmål)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Mashhad" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norština (bokmål)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%88%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%B4" title="Мешхед – osetština" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Мешхед" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="osetština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%A6" title="ਮਸ਼ਹਦ – paňdžábština" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮਸ਼ਹਦ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="paňdžábština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meszhed" title="Meszhed – polština" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Meszhed" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B4%DB%81%D8%AF" title="مشہد – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="مشہد" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%AF" title="مشهد – paštština" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="مشهد" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paštština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexede" title="Mexede – portugalština" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Mexede" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mashhad" title="Mashhad – kečuánština" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Mashhad" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="kečuánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ma%C8%99had" title="Mașhad – rumunština" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Mașhad" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumunština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%88%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%B4" title="Мешхед – ruština" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Мешхед" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mashhad" title="Mashhad – skotština" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Mashhad" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="skotština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B4%DA%BE%D8%AF" title="مشھد – sindhština" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="مشھد" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ma%C5%A1had" title="Mašhad – srbochorvatština" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Mašhad" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="srbochorvatština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mashhad" title="Mashhad – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Mashhad" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ma%C5%A1had" title="Mašhad – slovenština" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Mašhad" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovenština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meshhed" title="Meshhed – albánština" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Meshhed" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albánština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Машхад – srbština" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Машхад" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="srbština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mashhad" title="Mashhad – švédština" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Mashhad" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="švédština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meszhed" title="Meszhed – slezština" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Meszhed" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="slezština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D" title="மஸ்சாத் – tamilština" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மஸ்சாத்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%88%D2%B3%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Машҳад – tádžičtina" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Машҳад" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tádžičtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%94" title="แมชแฮด – thajština" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="แมชแฮด" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thajština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ma%C5%9Fat" title="Maşat – turkmenština" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Maşat" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turkmenština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Me%C5%9Fhed" title="Meşhed – turečtina" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Meşhed" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turečtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D3%99%D1%88%D2%BB%D3%99%D0%B4" title="Мәшһәд – tatarština" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Мәшһәд" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%95%D8%B4%DA%BE%DB%95%D8%AF" title="مەشھەد – ujgurština" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="مەشھەد" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="ujgurština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%88%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%B4" title="Мешхед – ukrajinština" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Мешхед" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrajinština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B4%DB%81%D8%AF" title="مشہد – urdština" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="مشہد" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mashhad" title="Mashhad – uzbečtina" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Mashhad" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbečtina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Me%C5%A1hed" title="Mešhed – vepština" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Mešhed" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="vepština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mashhad" title="Mashhad – vietnamština" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Mashhad" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mashhad" title="Mashhad – warajština" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Mashhad" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="warajština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mashhad" title="Mashhad – wolofština" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Mashhad" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="wolofština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E4%BB%80%E5%93%88%E5%BE%B7" title="马什哈德 – čínština (dialekty Wu)" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="马什哈德" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="čínština (dialekty Wu)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%A8%E1%83%B0%E1%83%94%E1%83%93%E1%83%98" title="მეშჰედი – mingrelština" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="მეშჰედი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrelština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E4%BB%80%E5%93%88%E5%BE%B7" title="馬什哈德 – čínština" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="馬什哈德" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="čínština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mashhad" title="Mashhad – čínština (dialekty Minnan)" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Mashhad" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="čínština (dialekty Minnan)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A6%AC%E6%96%AF%E5%93%88%E5%BE%B7" title="馬斯哈德 – kantonština" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="馬斯哈德" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonština" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q121157#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Editovat mezijazykové odkazy" class="wbc-editpage">Upravit odkazy</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Jmenné prostory"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ma%C5%A1had" title="Zobrazit obsahovou stránku [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Článek</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diskuse:Ma%C5%A1had&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Diskuse ke stránce (stránka neexistuje) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Diskuse</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Změnit variantu jazyka" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">čeština</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Zobrazení"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ma%C5%A1had"><span>Číst</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ma%C5%A1had&veaction=edit" title="Editovat tuto stránku [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Editovat</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ma%C5%A1had&action=edit" title="Editovat zdrojový kód této stránky [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Editovat zdroj</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ma%C5%A1had&action=history" title="Starší verze této stránky. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Zobrazit historii</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Nástroje ke stránce"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Nástroje" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Nástroje</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Nástroje</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">přesunout do postranního panelu</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">skrýt</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Další možnosti" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Akce </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ma%C5%A1had"><span>Číst</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ma%C5%A1had&veaction=edit" title="Editovat tuto stránku [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Editovat</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ma%C5%A1had&action=edit" title="Editovat zdrojový kód této stránky [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Editovat zdroj</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ma%C5%A1had&action=history"><span>Zobrazit historii</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Obecné </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Co_odkazuje_na/Ma%C5%A1had" title="Seznam všech wikistránek, které sem odkazují [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Odkazuje sem</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Souvisej%C3%ADc%C3%AD_zm%C4%9Bny/Ma%C5%A1had" rel="nofollow" title="Nedávné změny stránek, na které je odkazováno [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Související změny</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=cs" title="Nahrát obrázky či jiná multimédia [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Načíst soubor</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD_str%C3%A1nky" title="Seznam všech speciálních stránek [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Speciální stránky</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ma%C5%A1had&oldid=24213702" title="Trvalý odkaz na současnou verzi této stránky"><span>Trvalý odkaz</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ma%C5%A1had&action=info" title="Více informací o této stránce"><span>Informace o stránce</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Citovat&page=Ma%C5%A1had&id=24213702&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informace o tom, jak citovat tuto stránku"><span>Citovat stránku</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcs.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMa%25C5%25A1had"><span>Získat zkrácené URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcs.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMa%25C5%25A1had"><span>Stáhnout QR kód</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tisk/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Kniha&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Ma%C5%A1had"><span>Vytvořit knihu</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:DownloadAsPdf&page=Ma%C5%A1had&action=show-download-screen"><span>Stáhnout jako PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ma%C5%A1had&printable=yes" title="Tato stránka v podobě vhodné k tisku [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Verze k tisku</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Na jiných projektech </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Mashhad" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q121157" title="Odkaz na propojenou položku datového úložiště [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Položka Wikidat</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Nástroje ke stránce"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Vzhled"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Vzhled</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">přesunout do postranního panelu</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">skrýt</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output">Souřadnice: <a class="external text" href="//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?language=cs&pagename=Ma%C5%A1had&params=36.2974944_N_59.6059231_E_type:city"><span style="white-space:pre">36°17′51″ s. š.</span>, <span style="white-space:pre">59°36′21″ v. d.</span></a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Z Wikipedie, otevřené encyklopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="cs" dir="ltr"><div class="uvodni-upozorneni hatnote noprint">O městě v <a href="/wiki/Izrael" title="Izrael">Izraeli</a> pojednává článek <a href="/wiki/Ma%C5%A1had_(Izrael)" title="Mašhad (Izrael)">Mašhad (Izrael)</a>.</div> <table class="infobox" style="width:22em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;background-color: #eaeaea;">Mašhad <br /> <i>مشهد</i></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Soubor:Aerial_view_of_imam_reza_shrine_-_1976_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Posvátný okrsek imáma Rezy v centru Mašhadu"><img alt="Posvátný okrsek imáma Rezy v centru Mašhadu" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Aerial_view_of_imam_reza_shrine_-_1976_%282%29.jpg/250px-Aerial_view_of_imam_reza_shrine_-_1976_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Aerial_view_of_imam_reza_shrine_-_1976_%282%29.jpg/375px-Aerial_view_of_imam_reza_shrine_-_1976_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Aerial_view_of_imam_reza_shrine_-_1976_%282%29.jpg/500px-Aerial_view_of_imam_reza_shrine_-_1976_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1128" /></a></span><div>Posvátný okrsek imáma Rezy v centru Mašhadu</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color: #eaeaea;">Poloha</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Zem%C4%9Bpisn%C3%A9_sou%C5%99adnice" title="Zeměpisné souřadnice">Souřadnice</a></th><td class="plainlinks" style="text-align:left;"><span></span><span class="coordinates"><a class="external text" href="//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?language=cs&pagename=Ma%C5%A1had&params=36.2974944_N_59.6059231_E_type:city"><span style="white-space:pre">36°17′51″ s. š.</span>, <span style="white-space:pre">59°36′21″ v. d.</span></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Nadmo%C5%99sk%C3%A1_v%C3%BD%C5%A1ka" title="Nadmořská výška">Nadmořská výška</a></th><td style="text-align:left;">985 m n. m.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/%C4%8Casov%C3%A9_p%C3%A1smo" title="Časové pásmo">Časové pásmo</a></th><td style="text-align:left;"><span class="wd"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B03:30" title="UTC+03:30">UTC+03:30</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/St%C3%A1t" title="Stát">Stát</a></th><td style="text-align:left;"><span style="display:none">Írán</span><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Dr%C3%A1n" title="Írán"><img alt="Írán" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/22px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/33px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/44px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Dr%C3%A1n" title="Írán">Írán</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Dr%C3%A1nsk%C3%A9_provincie" class="mw-redirect" title="Íránské provincie">Provincie</a></th><td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Chor%C3%A1s%C3%A1n_Razav%C3%AD" title="Chorásán Razaví">Chorásán Razaví</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;text-align:left;"><div class="" style="width:250px;;margin:0 auto"> <div class=""> <div class="location-map thumbimage" style="width:250px;position:relative;margin:0 auto;"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Mašhad"><img alt="Mašhad" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Iran_location_map.svg/250px-Iran_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="223" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Iran_location_map.svg/375px-Iran_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Iran_location_map.svg/500px-Iran_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1071" /></span></span><div style="font-size:88%; line-height:1.2em; position:absolute; z-index:2; left:78.565478536585%; top:23.887132903226%"><div style="position:relative;float:left;left:-3px;top:-3px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Red_pog.png/7px-Red_pog.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Red_pog.png/11px-Red_pog.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Red_pog.png/14px-Red_pog.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div style="position:absolute; width:156px; max-width:156px; top:-0.5em; text-align:right; left:-161.5px;"><span style="background:;padding:1px 2px 0 2px">Mašhad</span></div></div></div> <div class="thumbcaption"></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color: #eaeaea;">Rozloha a obyvatelstvo</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Rozloha" title="Rozloha">Rozloha</a></th><td style="text-align:left;">327 km²</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left">Počet obyvatel</th><td style="text-align:left;"><span class="wd">3 001 184 (2016)<sup id="cite_ref-2ff3c6a77940473a7daebab82ac80747e414aedd_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2ff3c6a77940473a7daebab82ac80747e414aedd-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-717d744e7a6b7bab2645dd133e63d87887b40fbe_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-717d744e7a6b7bab2645dd133e63d87887b40fbe-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Hustota_zalidn%C4%9Bn%C3%AD" title="Hustota zalidnění">Hustota zalidnění</a></th><td style="text-align:left;">9 177,9 obyv./km²</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left">Etnické složení</th><td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Per%C5%A1an%C3%A9" title="Peršané">Peršané</a>, etnické menšiny</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left">Náboženské složení</th><td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Isl%C3%A1m" title="Islám">šíitští muslimové</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color: #eaeaea;">Správa</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Starosta" title="Starosta">Starosta</a></th><td style="text-align:left;">Sajjid Hášem Hášemí</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left">Vznik</th><td style="text-align:left;"><span class="wd"><a href="/wiki/818" title="818">818</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left">Oficiální web</th><td style="text-align:left;"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mashhad.ir">www<wbr />.mashhad<wbr />.ir</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Telefonn%C3%AD_p%C5%99edvolba" title="Telefonní předvolba">Telefonní předvolba</a></th><td style="text-align:left;">051</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;text-align:left;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Logo Wikimedia Commons"><img alt="Logo Wikimedia Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Mashhad" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Mashhad">multimediální obsah</a></b> na <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Commons</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;font-size: smaller; white-space: nowrap;">Některá data mohou pocházet z <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121157" class="extiw" title="d:Q121157">datové položky</a>.</td></tr></tbody></table><div style="display: none;"></div> <p><b>Mašhad</b> (zastarale též <i>Mašchad</i>, <a href="/wiki/Per%C5%A1tina" title="Perština">persky</a> <b>مشهد</b>) je druhé největší město v <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Dr%C3%A1n" title="Írán">Íránu</a>, správní centrum provincie <a href="/wiki/Chor%C3%A1s%C3%A1n_Razav%C3%AD" title="Chorásán Razaví">Chorásán Razaví</a> a také jedno z posvátných (poutních) míst <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0%C3%ADit%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Šíité">šíitského</a> <a href="/wiki/Isl%C3%A1m" title="Islám">islámu</a>. Nachází se asi 850 km východně od hlavního města <a href="/wiki/Teher%C3%A1n" title="Teherán">Teheránu</a> ve výši cca 985 m n. m.. Údolím, kde leží, protéká řeka <a href="/w/index.php?title=K%C3%A1%C5%A1%C3%A1f&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kášáf (stránka neexistuje)">Kášáf</a>. </p><p>Mašhad je jedním s nejrychleji se rozvíjejících sídel v Íránu, již v druhé dekádě 21. století překročil počet obyvatel města 3 miliony. V roce 2016 v městské aglomeraci Mašhadu bylo zaregistrováno 3 372 660 obyvatel.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Do Mašhadu každoročně zavítají zhruba dva miliony poutníků, aby navštívili hrob osmého <a href="/wiki/Im%C3%A1m" title="Imám">imáma</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Al%C3%AD_ibn_Musa_al_Reza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alí ibn Musa al Reza (stránka neexistuje)">Alího al Rezy</a>, jediného z dvanácti šíitských imámů, který je pohřben v íránské půdě.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Město má <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDeleznice" title="Železnice">železniční</a> spojení s Teheránem a vlastní <a href="/wiki/Leti%C5%A1t%C4%9B" title="Letiště">letiště</a> – je zde také <a href="/wiki/Univerzita" title="Univerzita">univerzita</a>. Pro oblast Mašhadu je charakteristické především <a href="/wiki/Zem%C4%9Bd%C4%9Blstv%C3%AD" title="Zemědělství">zemědělství</a>, hlavním produktem je <a href="/wiki/Ov%C4%8D%C3%AD_vlna" title="Ovčí vlna">vlna</a>, z níž se vyrábějí proslulé perské <a href="/wiki/Koberec" title="Koberec">koberce</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Přírodní_podmínky"><span id="P.C5.99.C3.ADrodn.C3.AD_podm.C3.ADnky"></span>Přírodní podmínky</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ma%C5%A1had&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Editace sekce: Přírodní podmínky" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ma%C5%A1had&action=edit&section=1" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Přírodní podmínky"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>V Mašhadu ležícím na severovýchodě <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Dr%C3%A1n" title="Írán">Íránu</a> poblíž hranic s <a href="/wiki/Turkmenist%C3%A1n" title="Turkmenistán">Turkmenistánem</a> (pohoří <a href="/wiki/Kopet_Dag" title="Kopet Dag">Kopet Dag</a>) bývá velmi proměnlivé počasí, od suchých období až po dny s vydatnými srážkami (přívalové <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9%C5%A1%C5%A5" title="Déšť">deště</a>). V zimě je často velmi chladno, výjimkou nejsou ani <a href="/wiki/Sn%C3%ADh" title="Sníh">sněhové</a> bouře, kdy je celá oblast odříznuta od okolního světa. Nejmírnější <a href="/wiki/Podneb%C3%AD" title="Podnebí">klima</a> je zpravidla na podzim. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historie">Historie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ma%C5%A1had&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Editace sekce: Historie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ma%C5%A1had&action=edit&section=2" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Historie"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Soubor:Painting,_portrait_of_Nader_Shah_seated_on_a_carpet,_oil_on_canvas,_probably_Tehran,_1780s_or_1790s.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Painting%2C_portrait_of_Nader_Shah_seated_on_a_carpet%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_probably_Tehran%2C_1780s_or_1790s.jpg/150px-Painting%2C_portrait_of_Nader_Shah_seated_on_a_carpet%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_probably_Tehran%2C_1780s_or_1790s.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="241" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Painting%2C_portrait_of_Nader_Shah_seated_on_a_carpet%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_probably_Tehran%2C_1780s_or_1790s.jpg/225px-Painting%2C_portrait_of_Nader_Shah_seated_on_a_carpet%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_probably_Tehran%2C_1780s_or_1790s.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Painting%2C_portrait_of_Nader_Shah_seated_on_a_carpet%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_probably_Tehran%2C_1780s_or_1790s.jpg/300px-Painting%2C_portrait_of_Nader_Shah_seated_on_a_carpet%2C_oil_on_canvas%2C_probably_Tehran%2C_1780s_or_1790s.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1389" data-file-height="2232" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/N%C3%A1dir_%C5%A0%C3%A1h" title="Nádir Šáh">Nádir Šáh</a>, který učinil z Mašhadu hlavní město Persie</figcaption></figure><p>Mašhad (<i>Místo mučednictví</i>) byl založen kolem roku <a href="/wiki/823" title="823">823</a> v oblasti, kde předtím stála vesnice Sánábád. Jeho <a href="/wiki/Arab%C5%A1tina" title="Arabština">arabské</a> pojmenování odkazuje na imáma ar-Rezu, který zde byl na příkaz <a href="/wiki/Chal%C3%ADfa" title="Chalífa">chalífy</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Ma%27m%C3%BAn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Ma'mún (stránka neexistuje)">al-Ma'múna</a> podle pověsti v roce <a href="/wiki/818" title="818">818</a> otráven. Al-Ma'mún zde dal zřídit <a href="/wiki/Mauzoleum" title="Mauzoleum">mauzoleum</a> pro svého otce <a href="/wiki/H%C3%A1r%C3%BAn_ar-Ra%C5%A1%C3%ADd" title="Hárún ar-Rašíd">Hárúna ar-Rašída</a>, který v Sánábádu rovněž zemřel, a v něm povolil pohřbít i ar-Rezu. Brzy sem začali proudit zbožní šíité a z lokality se stalo vyhledávané poutní místo. Byla postavena svatyně ke cti mrtvého imáma, jež je dnes po četných přestavbách jednou z nejvýznamnějších sakrálních památek celého Íránu. </p><p>V roce <a href="/wiki/1220" title="1220">1220</a> vyplenili Mašhad <a href="/wiki/Mongolov%C3%A9" title="Mongolové">Mongolové</a>, ale město se ze zkázy poměrně rychle vzpamatovalo a za <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tim%C3%BArovci&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Timúrovci (stránka neexistuje)">Timúrovců</a> a <a href="/wiki/Saf%C3%ADovci" title="Safíovci">Safíovců</a> zažilo nový rozkvět – hospodářský i kulturní. Po nástupu <a href="/wiki/N%C3%A1dir_%C5%A0%C3%A1h" title="Nádir Šáh">Nádira Šáha</a>, panovníka původem z Chorásánu (<a href="/wiki/1736" title="1736">1736</a>–<a href="/wiki/1747" title="1747">1747</a>), se Mašhad stal nakrátko hlavním městem Persie a sídlem <a href="/wiki/Af%C5%A1%C3%A1rovci" title="Afšárovci">afšárovských</a> šáhů. Nádir Šáh zde dal zřídit svou hrobku, přestavěl svatyni a celkově podporoval rozvoj aglomerace. </p><p>Ačkoli město bylo vždy převážně muslimské, žily v něm i různé náboženské menšiny, zejména početná <a href="/wiki/Judaismus" title="Judaismus">židovská</a> komunita. V roce <a href="/wiki/1839" title="1839">1839</a>, již za vlády nové dynastie <a href="/wiki/K%C3%A1d%C5%BE%C3%A1rovci" title="Kádžárovci">Kádžárovců</a>, jež přenesla hlavní město do Teheránu, byli židé násilně obráceni na islám a stali se z nich "nováčci ve víře" (<i>džadíd al-islám</i>). Navenek museli zachovávat muslimské zvyky, ve skutečnosti však mnozí z nich dál tajně vyznávali náboženství svých předků. </p><p>Ve <a href="/wiki/20._stolet%C3%AD" title="20. století">20. století</a> se město nerušeně rozrůstalo a bombardování <a href="/wiki/Rusko" title="Rusko">ruskými</a> vojsky během perské konstituční revoluce (<a href="/wiki/1912" title="1912">1912</a>) zůstalo jen epizodou. V nedávné době politickou atmosféru v Mašhadu silně rozjitřily masové <a href="/wiki/Demonstrace_(protest)" title="Demonstrace (protest)">demonstrace</a> z května <a href="/wiki/1992" title="1992">1992</a> (proti nařízení strhnout všechny nelegálně postavené domy) a pumový <a href="/wiki/Atent%C3%A1t" title="Atentát">atentát</a> v posvátném okrsku, při němž <a href="/wiki/20._%C4%8Derven" title="20. červen">20. června</a> <a href="/wiki/1994" title="1994">1994</a> přišlo o život 26 lidí. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pamětihodnosti"><span id="Pam.C4.9Btihodnosti"></span>Pamětihodnosti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ma%C5%A1had&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Editace sekce: Pamětihodnosti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ma%C5%A1had&action=edit&section=3" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Pamětihodnosti"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Soubor:RezaShrine.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/RezaShrine.jpg/220px-RezaShrine.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/RezaShrine.jpg/330px-RezaShrine.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/RezaShrine.jpg/440px-RezaShrine.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Svatyně imáma Rezy</figcaption></figure> <p>Nejvýznamnější památkou Mašhadu je posvátný okrsek imáma al Rezy, ležící na křižovatce čtyř hlavních komunikací ve východní části města. Jeho počátky spadají již do dob chalífy al-Ma'múna a jeho nástupců, za <a href="/wiki/Mahm%C3%BAd_z_Ghazny" title="Mahmúd z Ghazny">Mahmúda z Ghazny</a> (proslulého mecenáše umění) byl soubor staveb v roce <a href="/wiki/1009" title="1009">1009</a> upravován a později ozdoben kachlemi. Po těžkých poškozeních během ničivého vpádu Mongolů, kteří vyplenili celý Mašhad, dal jeden z <a href="/wiki/%C4%8Cingisch%C3%A1n" title="Čingischán">Čingischánových</a> potomků, <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Dlchan%C3%A1t" title="Ílchanát">ílchán</a> Öldžejtü (<a href="/wiki/1304" title="1304">1304</a>–<a href="/wiki/1316" title="1316">1316</a>), chrámový komplex zrekonstruovat. Zhruba dnešní podobu získal prostor za vlády Timúrovce Šáhrucha a jeho zbožné manželky Góharšád v <a href="/wiki/15._stolet%C3%AD" title="15. století">15. století</a>. </p><p>Svatyně sestává z více než dvaceti samostatných staveb, počítaje v to dvě <a href="/wiki/Me%C5%A1ita" title="Mešita">mešity</a>, několik <a href="/wiki/Medresa" title="Medresa">medres</a> a bývalý <a href="/wiki/Karavanseraj" class="mw-redirect" title="Karavanseraj">karavanseraj</a>. Je zde řada nádvoří (největší se nazývá Staré), monumenální vstupní haly (<a href="/wiki/%C3%8Dv%C3%A1n" title="Íván">ívány</a>), pozlacené kupole a <a href="/wiki/Minaret" title="Minaret">minarety</a>. Nejnavštěvovanějšími objekty jsou Mauzoleum imáma ar-Rezy se vstupním, tzv. <i>Zlatým ívánem</i> a Góharšádina mešita z <a href="/wiki/15._stolet%C3%AD" title="15. století">15. století</a>. </p><p>Severozápadně od svatyně, u křižovatky ulic <i>Chejábán-e ájatolláh Šírází</i> a <i>Chejábán-e Ázadí</i>, se nachází Mauzoleum Nádira Šáha s hrobkou, <a href="/wiki/Krypta" title="Krypta">kryptou</a> a malým <a href="/wiki/Muzeum" title="Muzeum">muzeem</a>. <a href="/wiki/Beton" title="Beton">Betonová</a> stavba z šedesátých let <a href="/wiki/20._stolet%C3%AD" title="20. století">20. století</a> je opatřena mohutným podstavcem, na němž se vypíná Nádirova jezdecká socha ve velitelské pozici. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Doprava">Doprava</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ma%C5%A1had&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Editace sekce: Doprava" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ma%C5%A1had&action=edit&section=4" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Doprava"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Letiště"><span id="Leti.C5.A1t.C4.9B"></span>Letiště</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ma%C5%A1had&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Editace sekce: Letiště" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ma%C5%A1had&action=edit&section=5" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Letiště"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>V Mašhadu je mezinárodní letiště (letiště Mašhad), sloužící k vnitrostátní i mezinárodní dopravě, většina letů se však orientuje na sousední či muslimské země, což souvisí s poutnickým charakterem města v rámci světového šíitismu. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Železnice"><span id=".C5.BDeleznice"></span>Železnice</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ma%C5%A1had&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Editace sekce: Železnice" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ma%C5%A1had&action=edit&section=6" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Železnice"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Soubor:Mashhad_Metro_Shariati_Station_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Mashhad_Metro_Shariati_Station_1.jpg/220px-Mashhad_Metro_Shariati_Station_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Mashhad_Metro_Shariati_Station_1.jpg/330px-Mashhad_Metro_Shariati_Station_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Mashhad_Metro_Shariati_Station_1.jpg/440px-Mashhad_Metro_Shariati_Station_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4224" data-file-height="2368" /></a><figcaption>Stanice metra Šariati</figcaption></figure> <p>Mašhad je denně obsluhován jak <a href="/wiki/Lokaln%C3%AD_vlak" class="mw-redirect" title="Lokalní vlak">lokálními</a>, tak <a href="/wiki/Region%C3%A1ln%C3%AD_vlak" title="Regionální vlak">regionálními</a>, inter-regionálními a inter-regionálně-expresními vlaky, které ho spojují s nejbližším okolím a zbytkem země. Je na třech významných vlakových linkách a to Teherán-Mašhad, která spojuje Mašhad s hlavním městem země, Mašhad-<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bafq&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bafq (stránka neexistuje)">Bafq</a>, ta spojuje Mašhad s jihem a Mašhad-<a href="/wiki/Sarachs" title="Sarachs">Sarachs</a>. Sarachs je na hranicích s Turkmenistánem, proto přes něj jezdí některé nákladní vlaky směrem na Uzbekistán a Kazachstán. V prosinci 2016 vyjela linka také z <a href="/wiki/Nachi%C4%8Devan" title="Nachičevan">Nachičevanu</a>, města v <a href="/wiki/%C3%81zerb%C3%A1jd%C5%BE%C3%A1n" title="Ázerbájdžán">Ázerbájdžánu</a>. </p><p>Spoje, ať už linkové nebo nákladní, jsou zde poskytovány společnostmi <a href="/w/index.php?title=RAJA_Rail_Transportation_Co.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RAJA Rail Transportation Co. (stránka neexistuje)">RAJA Rail Transportation Co.</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Joopar_Co.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joopar Co. (stránka neexistuje)">Joopar Co.</a> a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fadak_Trains_Co.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fadak Trains Co. (stránka neexistuje)">Fadak Trains Co.</a> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mashhad_Urban_Railway"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mashhad_Urban_Railway&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mashhad Urban Railway (stránka neexistuje)">Mashhad Urban Railway</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ma%C5%A1had&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Editace sekce: Mashhad Urban Railway" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ma%C5%A1had&action=edit&section=7" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Mashhad Urban Railway"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="noprint ambox labelced labelced-page labelced-page-type-maintenance ambox-style plainlinks"> <div class="labelced_message"><div class="labelced_image ambox-image mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="ikona" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Ambox_outdated_content.svg/48px-Ambox_outdated_content.svg.png" decoding="async" width="48" height="48" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Ambox_outdated_content.svg/72px-Ambox_outdated_content.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Ambox_outdated_content.svg/96px-Ambox_outdated_content.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></span></span></div> <div class="labelced_message_inner"> <div class="labelced_message_headline ambox-text">Tento článek potřebuje aktualizaci, neboť obsahuje zastaralé informace.</div> <div class="labelced_message_text hide-when-compact ambox-text">Můžete Wikipedii pomoci tím, že ho <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ma%C5%A1had&action=edit">vylepšíte</a></span>, aby odrážel aktuální stav a nedávné události. Historické informace nemažte, raději je převeďte do minulého času a případně přesuňte do části článku věnované dějinám.</div> </div> </div> </div> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metro_Mashhad_Urban_Railway_Corporation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Metro Mashhad Urban Railway Corporation (stránka neexistuje)">Metro Mashhad Urban Railway Corporation</a> (MURCO) je společnost konstruující dopravní systém pro Mašhad sestávající z dopravních jednotek jako je <a href="/wiki/Metro" title="Metro">metro</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Light_rail&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Light rail (stránka neexistuje)">light rail</a> (obdoba <a href="/wiki/Rychlodr%C3%A1%C5%BEn%C3%AD_tramvaj" title="Rychlodrážní tramvaj">rychlodrážní tramvaje</a>), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Light_metro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Light metro (stránka neexistuje)">light metro</a> nebo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Urban_rail&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Urban rail (stránka neexistuje)">urban rail</a>. Systém (Mashad Urban Railway) je o 4 linkách, dlouhých 84,5 kilometrů. Společnost, která je zodpovědná za řízení systému, se jmenuje <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mashhad_Urban_Railway_Operation_Company&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mashhad Urban Railway Operation Company (stránka neexistuje)">Mashhad Urban Railway Operation Company</a> (MUROC). </p><p>Linka číslo 1 je LRT linka (obsluhována light railem, neboli rychlodrážní tramvají) v provozu od 21. února 2011. Základní linka má 22 stanic a je dlouhá 19,5 kilometru. Spojuje <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nakhrisi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nakhrisi (stránka neexistuje)">Nakhrisi</a> na východě and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vakilabad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vakilabad (stránka neexistuje)">Vakilabad</a> na západě. Od roku 2016 byla prodloužena až na Mašhadské letiště o 2 zastávky a 4,5 kilometru. Linka přibližně polovinu ujede v tunelech, druhou na povrchu. </p><p>Linka číslo dva je obsluhována metrem a je dlouhá 14,5 kilometru. Má 13 stanic a má jednu přestupní zastávku s linkou 1. Spojuje severní <a href="/w/index.php?title=Koohsangi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Koohsangi (stránka neexistuje)">Koohsangi</a> s jižním <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tabarsi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tabarsi (stránka neexistuje)">Tabarsi</a>. </p><p>Start linky 3 byl naplánován na rok 2021 a tunely pro linku 4 čtyři se začaly kopat v roce 2019. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Partnerská_města"><span id="Partnersk.C3.A1_m.C4.9Bsta"></span>Partnerská města</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ma%C5%A1had&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Editace sekce: Partnerská města" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ma%C5%A1had&action=edit&section=8" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Partnerská města"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="flagicon" style=""><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Turecko" title="Turecko"><img alt="Turecko" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/22px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/33px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/44px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turecko" title="Turecko">Turecko</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon" style=""><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A1kist%C3%A1n" title="Pákistán"><img alt="Pákistán" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/33px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/44px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kar%C3%A1%C4%8D%C3%AD" title="Karáčí">Karáčí</a>, <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A1kist%C3%A1n" title="Pákistán">Pákistán</a> (květen 2012)</li> <li><span class="flagicon" style=""><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Malajsie" title="Malajsie"><img alt="Malajsie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Flag_of_Malaysia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Malaysia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur" title="Kuala Lumpur">Kuala Lumpur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malajsie" title="Malajsie">Malajsie</a> (2006)</li> <li><span class="flagicon" style=""><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A1kist%C3%A1n" title="Pákistán"><img alt="Pákistán" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/22px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/33px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/44px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A1haur" title="Láhaur">Láhaur</a>, <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A1kist%C3%A1n" title="Pákistán">Pákistán</a> (2006)</li> <li><span class="flagicon" style=""><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Afgh%C3%A1nist%C3%A1n" title="Afghánistán"><img alt="Afghánistán" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Maz%C3%A1r-e_%C5%A0ar%C3%ADf" class="mw-redirect" title="Mazár-e Šaríf">Mazár-e Šaríf</a>, <a href="/wiki/Afgh%C3%A1nist%C3%A1n" title="Afghánistán">Afghánistán</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon" style=""><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Indon%C3%A9sie" title="Indonésie"><img alt="Indonésie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Surabaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Surabaya">Surabaya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indon%C3%A9sie" title="Indonésie">Indonésie</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon" style=""><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%C4%8C%C3%ADna" title="Čína"><img alt="Čína" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Urum%C4%8Di" title="Urumči">Urumči</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C4%8C%C3%ADna" title="Čína">Čína</a>Galerie</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Galerie">Galerie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ma%C5%A1had&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Editace sekce: Galerie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ma%C5%A1had&action=edit&section=9" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Galerie"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Soubor:Kooh_Sangi_(3).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Schody s vodní kaskádou na vrchu Sangi"><img alt="Schody s vodní kaskádou na vrchu Sangi" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Kooh_Sangi_%283%29.jpg/120px-Kooh_Sangi_%283%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Kooh_Sangi_%283%29.jpg/180px-Kooh_Sangi_%283%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Kooh_Sangi_%283%29.jpg/240px-Kooh_Sangi_%283%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="532" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Schody s vodní kaskádou na vrchu Sangi</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Soubor:MachadRail02.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Železniční stanice Mašhad"><img alt="Železniční stanice Mašhad" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/MachadRail02.jpg/120px-MachadRail02.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="82" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/MachadRail02.jpg/180px-MachadRail02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/81/MachadRail02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="204" data-file-height="139" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Železniční stanice Mašhad</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Soubor:Hedayat_Little_Bazaar-_Near_Holy_shrine_of_Imam_Reza_-_Mashhad_03.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Bazar Hedajat"><img alt="Bazar Hedajat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Hedayat_Little_Bazaar-_Near_Holy_shrine_of_Imam_Reza_-_Mashhad_03.JPG/120px-Hedayat_Little_Bazaar-_Near_Holy_shrine_of_Imam_Reza_-_Mashhad_03.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Hedayat_Little_Bazaar-_Near_Holy_shrine_of_Imam_Reza_-_Mashhad_03.JPG/180px-Hedayat_Little_Bazaar-_Near_Holy_shrine_of_Imam_Reza_-_Mashhad_03.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Hedayat_Little_Bazaar-_Near_Holy_shrine_of_Imam_Reza_-_Mashhad_03.JPG/240px-Hedayat_Little_Bazaar-_Near_Holy_shrine_of_Imam_Reza_-_Mashhad_03.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Bazar Hedajat</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Soubor:Shahrdari_Mashhad.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mašhadská radnice"><img alt="Mašhadská radnice" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Shahrdari_Mashhad.jpg/120px-Shahrdari_Mashhad.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Shahrdari_Mashhad.jpg/180px-Shahrdari_Mashhad.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Shahrdari_Mashhad.jpg/240px-Shahrdari_Mashhad.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Mašhadská radnice</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Soubor:Museum_of_Anthropology_-_Mashhad_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hammam (lázně) Mehdího Kulí Bega"><img alt="Hammam (lázně) Mehdího Kulí Bega" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Museum_of_Anthropology_-_Mashhad_1.jpg/120px-Museum_of_Anthropology_-_Mashhad_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Museum_of_Anthropology_-_Mashhad_1.jpg/180px-Museum_of_Anthropology_-_Mashhad_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Museum_of_Anthropology_-_Mashhad_1.jpg/240px-Museum_of_Anthropology_-_Mashhad_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="532" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Hammam (lázně) <a href="/wiki/Mehd%C3%AD_Kul%C3%AD_Beg" title="Mehdí Kulí Beg">Mehdího Kulí Bega</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Odkazy">Odkazy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ma%C5%A1had&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Editace sekce: Odkazy" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ma%C5%A1had&action=edit&section=10" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Odkazy"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reference">Reference</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ma%C5%A1had&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Editace sekce: Reference" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ma%C5%A1had&action=edit&section=11" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Reference"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2ff3c6a77940473a7daebab82ac80747e414aedd-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2ff3c6a77940473a7daebab82ac80747e414aedd_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="wd"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.citypopulation.de/Iran-MajorCities.html">Dostupné online</a></span>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-717d744e7a6b7bab2645dd133e63d87887b40fbe-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-717d744e7a6b7bab2645dd133e63d87887b40fbe_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="wd"><i><span lang="fa">جمعیت به تفکیک تقسیمات کشوری</span></i>. <span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amar.org.ir/Portals/0/census/1395/results/population-urban-95.xlsx">Dostupné online</a></span>. [cit. 2023-10-29].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal;"> <i>Iran: Razavi Khorasan</i> [online]. [cit. 2024-01-02]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.citypopulation.de/en/iran/khorasanerazavi/">Dostupné online</a>. (anglicky)</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelmonografie&rft.btitle=Iran%3A+Razavi+Khorasan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.citypopulation.de%2Fen%2Firan%2Fkhorasanerazavi%2F"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal;"> <i>World Pilgrimage Guide: Mashhad</i> [online]. [cit. 2024-04-01]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sacredsites.com/middle_east/iran/mashhad.html">Dostupné online</a>. (anglicky)</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitaceelmonografie&rft.btitle=World+Pilgrimage+Guide%3A+Mashhad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsacredsites.com%2Fmiddle_east%2Firan%2Fmashhad.html"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Literatura">Literatura</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ma%C5%A1had&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Editace sekce: Literatura" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ma%C5%A1had&action=edit&section=12" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Literatura"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal;">RASHAD, Mahmoud. <i>Iran. Geschichte, Kultur und lebendige Traditionen – antike Stätten und islamische Kunst in Persien</i>. Köln: DuMont, 2006. 400 s. <span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speci%C3%A1ln%C3%AD:Zdroje_knih/3-7701-3385-4" title="Speciální:Zdroje knih/3-7701-3385-4"><span class="ISBN">3-7701-3385-4</span></a></span>. (německy)</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/cs.wikipedia.org:templatecitacemonografie&rft.btitle=Iran.+Geschichte%2C+Kultur+und+lebendige+Traditionen+%E2%80%93+antike+St%C3%A4tten+und+islamische+Kunst+in+Persien&rft.isbn=3-7701-3385-4&rft.aulast=Rashad&rft.aufirst=Mahmoud&rft.place=K%C3%B6ln&rft.pub=DuMont&rft.date=2006&rft.tpages=400"><span style="display:none"> </span></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Související_články"><span id="Souvisej.C3.ADc.C3.AD_.C4.8Dl.C3.A1nky"></span>Související články</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ma%C5%A1had&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Editace sekce: Související články" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ma%C5%A1had&action=edit&section=13" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Související články"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seznam_m%C4%9Bst_v_%C3%8Dr%C3%A1nu" title="Seznam měst v Íránu">Seznam měst v Íránu</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Externí_odkazy"><span id="Extern.C3.AD_odkazy"></span>Externí odkazy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ma%C5%A1had&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Editace sekce: Externí odkazy" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editovat</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ma%C5%A1had&action=edit&section=14" title="Editovat zdrojový kód sekce Externí odkazy"><span>editovat zdroj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="sisterproject sisterproject-commons"><span class="sisterproject_image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons"><img alt="Logo Wikimedia Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></span> <span class="sisterproject_text">Obrázky, zvuky či videa k tématu <span class="sisterproject_text_target"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Mashhad" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Mashhad">Mašhad</a></span> na <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a></span></span><i> </i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070609235645/http://www.mashhad.ir/">mashhad.ir</a> – oficiální stránky města</li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23078045">.mw-parser-output .navbox2{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox2 .navbox2{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox2+.navbox2{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox2-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox2-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox2-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox2-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox2-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output th.navbox2-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox2,.mw-parser-output .navbox2-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox2-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox2-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox2-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox2-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox2-list{border-top:2px solid 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title="Francouzská národní knihovna">BNF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12061460w">cb12061460w</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12061460w">(data)</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4115118-5">4115118-5</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n79112324">n79112324</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/MusicBrainz" title="MusicBrainz">MBAREA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/efef18b5-26e0-4501-9a1a-2b00b51b1cf1">efef18b5-26e0-4501-9a1a-2b00b51b1cf1</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Archives_and_Records_Administration" title="National Archives and Records Administration">NARA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10044391">10044391</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/N%C3%A1rodn%C3%AD_knihovna_Izraele" title="Národní knihovna Izraele">NLI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007552618205171">987007552618205171</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Univerzitn%C3%AD_syst%C3%A9m_dokumentace" title="Univerzitní systém dokumentace">SUDOC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/079400566">079400566</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Virtual_International_Authority_File" title="Virtual International Authority File">VIAF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/137197011">137197011</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/WorldCat" title="WorldCat">WorldCat Entities</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJxGRpr3dQj4FYwK3D6dwC">E39PBJxGRpr3dQj4FYwK3D6dwC</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16915398">.mw-parser-output div/**/#portallinks a{font-weight:bold}</style><div id="portallinks" class="catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Port%C3%A1l:Obsah" title="Portál:Obsah">Portály</a>: <a href="/wiki/Port%C3%A1l:%C3%8Dr%C3%A1n" title="Portál:Írán">Írán</a> </div>    </div><noscript><img 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hedvábné stezce">Města na hedvábné stezce</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:B%C3%BDval%C3%A1_hlavn%C3%AD_m%C4%9Bsta" title="Kategorie:Bývalá hlavní města">Bývalá hlavní města</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Univerzitn%C3%AD_m%C4%9Bsta" title="Kategorie:Univerzitní města">Univerzitní města</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Skryté kategorie: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Monitoring:%C4%8Cl%C3%A1nky_s_v%C3%BDpo%C4%8Dty" title="Kategorie:Monitoring:Články s výpočty">Monitoring:Články s výpočty</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Monitoring:Um%C4%9Bl%C3%A1_LocMap" title="Kategorie:Monitoring:Umělá LocMap">Monitoring:Umělá LocMap</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Monitoring:Reference_z_Wikidat" title="Kategorie:Monitoring:Reference z Wikidat">Monitoring:Reference z Wikidat</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:%C3%9Adr%C5%BEba:%C4%8Cl%C3%A1nky_k_aktualizaci" title="Kategorie:Údržba:Články k 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