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1.6875em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="สารานุกรมเสรี" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-th.svg" width="100" height="18" style="width: 6.25em; height: 1.125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%84%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B2" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="ค้นหาวิกิ [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>ค้นหา</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" 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id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="หน้าตา"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="หน้าตา" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">หน้าตา</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=th.wikipedia.org&uselang=th" class=""><span>บริจาคให้วิกิพีเดีย</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88&returnto=%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5" title="แนะนำให้คุณสร้างบัญชีและเข้าสู่ระบบ แต่ไม่บังคับ" class=""><span>สร้างบัญชี</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99&returnto=%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5" title="แนะนำให้คุณเข้าสู่ระบบ แต่ไม่บังคับ [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>เข้าสู่ระบบ</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="ตัวเลือกเพิ่มเติม" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="เครื่องมือส่วนตัว" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">เครื่องมือส่วนตัว</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="เมนูผู้ใช้" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=th.wikipedia.org&uselang=th"><span>บริจาคให้วิกิพีเดีย</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88&returnto=%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5" title="แนะนำให้คุณสร้างบัญชีและเข้าสู่ระบบ แต่ไม่บังคับ"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>สร้างบัญชี</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99&returnto=%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5" title="แนะนำให้คุณเข้าสู่ระบบ แต่ไม่บังคับ [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>เข้าสู่ระบบ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> หน้าสำหรับผู้แก้ไขที่ออกจากระบบ <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89:%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B3" aria-label="เรียนรู้เพิ่มเกี่ยวกับการแก้ไข"><span>เรียนรู้เพิ่มเติม</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%89%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99" title="รายการการแก้ไขจากเลขที่อยู่ไอพีนี้ [y]" accesskey="y"><span>ส่วนร่วม</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%89%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99" title="อภิปรายเกี่ยวกับการแก้ไขจากเลขที่อยู่ไอพีนี้ [n]" accesskey="n"><span>คุย</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="ไซต์"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="สารบัญ" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">สารบัญ</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">ย้ายเมนูไปที่แถบด้านข้าง</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ซ่อน</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">บทนำ</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-นิยาม" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#นิยาม"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>นิยาม</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-นิยาม-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-อ้างอิง" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#อ้างอิง"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>อ้างอิง</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-อ้างอิง-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="สารบัญ" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">การลงคะแนนแบบหลายรอบในทันที</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="ไปที่บทความในภาษาอื่น ซึ่งมีใน 25 ภาษา" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-25" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">25 ภาษา</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%A9" title="جولة الإعادة المباشرة – อาหรับ" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جولة الإعادة المباشرة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="อาหรับ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vot_a_segon_torn_instantani" title="Vot a segon torn instantani – คาตาลัน" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Vot a segon torn instantani" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="คาตาลัน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternativn%C3%AD_hlasov%C3%A1n%C3%AD" title="Alternativní hlasování – เช็ก" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Alternativní hlasování" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="เช็ก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleidlais_amgen" title="Pleidlais amgen – เวลส์" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Pleidlais amgen" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="เวลส์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrierte_Stichwahl" title="Integrierte Stichwahl – เยอรมัน" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Integrierte Stichwahl" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="เยอรมัน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instant-runoff_voting" title="Instant-runoff voting – อังกฤษ" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Instant-runoff voting" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="อังกฤษ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segunda_vuelta_instant%C3%A1nea" title="Segunda vuelta instantánea – สเปน" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Segunda vuelta instantánea" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="สเปน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="บทความคัดสรร"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A3%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%84" title="رأی بدیل – เปอร์เซีย" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="رأی بدیل" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="เปอร์เซีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vote_%C3%A0_second_tour_instantan%C3%A9" title="Vote à second tour instantané – ฝรั่งเศส" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Vote à second tour instantané" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="ฝรั่งเศส" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glasovanje_s_trenuta%C4%8Dnim_razrje%C5%A1enjem" title="Glasovanje s trenutačnim razrješenjem – โครเอเชีย" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Glasovanje s trenutačnim razrješenjem" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="โครเอเชีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azonnali_t%C3%B6bbfordul%C3%B3s_szavaz%C3%A1s" title="Azonnali többfordulós szavazás – ฮังการี" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Azonnali többfordulós szavazás" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ฮังการี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pemungutan_suara_putaran_kedua_instan" title="Pemungutan suara putaran kedua instan – อินโดนีเซีย" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pemungutan suara putaran kedua instan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="อินโดนีเซีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voto_alternativo" title="Voto alternativo – อิตาลี" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Voto alternativo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="อิตาลี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%84%AA%E5%85%88%E9%A0%86%E4%BD%8D%E4%BB%98%E6%8A%95%E7%A5%A8%E5%88%B6" title="優先順位付投票制 – ญี่ปุ่น" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="優先順位付投票制" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="ญี่ปุ่น" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A6%89%EC%84%9D%EA%B2%B0%EC%84%A0%ED%88%AC%ED%91%9C%EC%A0%9C" title="즉석결선투표제 – เกาหลี" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="즉석결선투표제" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="เกาหลี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%BC%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%BE%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9E%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%99%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AF%E1%80%A6%E1%80%B8%E1%80%85%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%95%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B8_%E1%80%86%E1%80%94%E1%80%B9%E1%80%92%E1%80%99%E1%80%B2%E1%80%95%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B8%E1%80%85%E1%80%94%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA" title="ကြိုက်နှစ်သက်မှုဦးစားပေး ဆန္ဒမဲပေးစနစ် – พม่า" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ကြိုက်နှစ်သက်မှုဦးစားပေး ဆန္ဒမဲပေးစနစ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="พม่า" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternative_vote" title="Alternative vote – ดัตช์" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Alternative vote" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="ดัตช์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternativ_stemmegivning" title="Alternativ stemmegivning – นอร์เวย์บุคมอล" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Alternativ stemmegivning" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="นอร์เวย์บุคมอล" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Рейтинговое голосование – รัสเซีย" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Рейтинговое голосование" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="รัสเซีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instant-runoff_voting" title="Instant-runoff voting – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Instant-runoff voting" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5_%D1%81%D0%B0_%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BC_%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5%D0%BC" title="Гласање са тренутним отицањем – เซอร์เบีย" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Гласање са тренутним отицањем" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="เซอร์เบีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternativr%C3%B6stning" title="Alternativröstning – สวีเดน" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Alternativröstning" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="สวีเดน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternatif_oy" title="Alternatif oy – ตุรกี" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Alternatif oy" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="ตุรกี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%E1%BA%A7u_c%E1%BB%AD_thay_th%E1%BA%BF" title="Bầu cử thay thế – เวียดนาม" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Bầu cử thay thế" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="เวียดนาม" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8E%92%E5%BA%8F%E8%A4%87%E9%81%B8%E5%88%B6" title="排序複選制 – จีน" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="排序複選制" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="จีน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1491219#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="แก้ไขลิงก์ข้ามภาษา" class="wbc-editpage">แก้ไขลิงก์</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="เนมสเปซ"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5" title="ดูหน้าเนื้อหา [c]" accesskey="c"><span>บทความ</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A2:%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="อภิปรายเกี่ยวกับหน้าเนื้อหา (ไม่มีหน้านี้) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>อภิปราย</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="เปลี่ยนรูปแบบภาษา" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ไทย</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="ดู"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5"><span>อ่าน</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5&action=edit" title="แก้ไขรหัสต้นฉบับของหน้านี้ [e]" accesskey="e"><span>แก้ไข</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5&action=history" title="แก้ไขเก่าของหน้านี้ [h]" accesskey="h"><span>ดูประวัติ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="หน้าเครื่องมือ"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="เครื่องมือ" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">เครื่องมือ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">เครื่องมือ</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">ย้ายเมนูไปที่แถบด้านข้าง</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ซ่อน</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="ตัวเลือกเพิ่มเติม" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> การกระทำ </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5"><span>อ่าน</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5&action=edit" title="แก้ไขรหัสต้นฉบับของหน้านี้ [e]" accesskey="e"><span>แก้ไข</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5&action=history"><span>ดูประวัติ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ทั่วไป </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5" title="รายการหน้าวิกิทุกหน้าที่ลิงก์มาที่นี่ [j]" accesskey="j"><span>หน้าที่ลิงก์มา</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5" rel="nofollow" title="รายการเปลี่ยนแปลงล่าสุดในหน้าที่ลิงก์จากหน้านี้ [k]" accesskey="k"><span>การเปลี่ยนแปลงที่เกี่ยวโยง</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2:%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9B%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%94" title="อัปโหลดไฟล์ [u]" accesskey="u"><span>อัปโหลดไฟล์</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9" title="รายการหน้าพิเศษทั้งหมด [q]" accesskey="q"><span>หน้าพิเศษ</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5&oldid=11906605" title="ลิงก์ถาวรมารุ่นนี้ของหน้านี้"><span>ลิงก์ถาวร</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5&action=info" 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href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:QrKodu&url=https%3A%2F%2Fth.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E0%25B8%2581%25E0%25B8%25B2%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B8%25A5%25E0%25B8%2587%25E0%25B8%2584%25E0%25B8%25B0%25E0%25B9%2581%25E0%25B8%2599%25E0%25B8%2599%25E0%25B9%2581%25E0%25B8%259A%25E0%25B8%259A%25E0%25B8%25AB%25E0%25B8%25A5%25E0%25B8%25B2%25E0%25B8%25A2%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B8%25AD%25E0%25B8%259A%25E0%25B9%2583%25E0%25B8%2599%25E0%25B8%2597%25E0%25B8%25B1%25E0%25B8%2599%25E0%25B8%2597%25E0%25B8%25B5"><span>ดาวน์โหลดคิวอาร์โค้ด</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> พิมพ์/ส่งออก </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5"><span>สร้างหนังสือ</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5&action=show-download-screen"><span>ดาวน์โหลดเป็น PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5&printable=yes" title="รุ่นที่พร้อมพิมพ์ของหน้านี้ [p]" accesskey="p"><span>รุ่นพร้อมพิมพ์</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ในโครงการอื่น </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Instant-runoff_voting" hreflang="en"><span>วิกิมีเดียคอมมอนส์</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1491219" title="ลิงก์ไปยังสิ่งนี้ในคลังซึ่งเชื่อมโยงข้อมูลต่าง ๆ เข้าด้วยกัน [g]" accesskey="g"><span>สิ่งนี้ในวิกิสนเทศ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="หน้าเครื่องมือ"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="หน้าตา"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">หน้าตา</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">ย้ายเมนูไปที่แถบด้านข้าง</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ซ่อน</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">จากวิกิพีเดีย สารานุกรมเสรี</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="th" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9909451">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/A_coloured_voting_box_%28no_bg%29.svg/80px-A_coloured_voting_box_%28no_bg%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/A_coloured_voting_box_%28no_bg%29.svg/120px-A_coloured_voting_box_%28no_bg%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/A_coloured_voting_box_%28no_bg%29.svg/160px-A_coloured_voting_box_%28no_bg%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="text-align:left;text-align:center;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;"><a 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title="Oklahoma primary electoral system (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ระบบผู้สมัครรอบแรกของโอกลาโฮมา</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%94&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="การลงคะแนนตามลำดับความชอบยกชุด (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ตามชอบยกชุด</a></li></ul> </div> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A5" title="การลงคะแนนแบบคาร์ดินัล">คาร์ดินัล/ระบบเกรด</a></b></li></ul> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10552737"><div class="hlist" style="margin-left: 0em;"> <ul><li><a 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href="/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94" title="การเลือกตั้งระบบสัดส่วนแบบบัญชีรายชื่อปิด">บัญชีปิด</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%97%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%99" title="การเลือกตั้งระบบสัดส่วนแบบบัญชีรายชื่อท้องถิ่น">บัญชีท้องถิ่น</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%84%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%89%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%94" title="วิธีค่าเฉลี่ยสูงสุด">ค่าเฉลี่ยสูงสุด</a> (<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C" title="วิธีโดนต์">โดนต์</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C-%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%8C" title="วิธีเว็บสเตอร์/แซ็งต์-ลากูว์">แซ็งต์-ลากูว์</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99-%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C" title="วิธีฮันติงตัน-ฮิลล์">ฮันติงตัน-ฮิลล์</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%94" title="วิธีเหลือเศษสูงสุด">เหลือเศษสูงสุด</a> (<a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="โควตาแฮร์">แฮร์</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%9B" title="โควตาดรูป">ดรูป</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5" title="โควตาอิมเปรีอาลี">อิมเปรีอาลี</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%84-%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9F" title="โควตาฮาเกินบัค-บิชช็อฟ">ฮาเกินบัค-บิชช็อฟ</a>)</li></ul> </div> <hr /> <ul><li><b>ระบบสัดส่วนใน<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A" title="การลงคะแนนแบบจัดลำดับ">แบบจัดลำดับ</a></b></li></ul> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10552737"><div class="hlist" style="margin-left: 0em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%96%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%87" title="การเลือกตั้งแบบถ่ายโอนคะแนนเสียง">แบบถ่ายโอนคะแนนเสียง</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="วิธีเกรกอรี (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">เกรกอรี</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ระบบไรต์ (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ไรต์</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CPO-STV" title="CPO-STV">CPO-STV</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schulze_STV&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Schulze STV (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Schulze STV</a></li></ul> </div> <hr /> <ul><li><b>ระบบสัดส่วนใน<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="การลงคะแนนแบบคะแนนอนุมัติ">แบบคะแนนอนุมัติ</a></b></li></ul> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10552737"><div class="hlist" style="margin-left: 0em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9B%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%99" title="การลงคะแนนแบบคะแนนอนุมัติเป็นสัดส่วน">คะแนนอนุมัติเป็นสัดส่วน</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9B%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="การลงคะแนนแบบคะแนนอนุมัติเป็นสัดส่วนมีลำดับ (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">คะแนนอนุมัติเป็นสัดส่วนมีลำดับ</a></li></ul> </div> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Biproportional_apportionment" class="mw-redirect" title="Biproportional apportionment">ระบบสัดส่วนคู่</a></b></li></ul> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10552737"><div class="hlist" style="margin-left: 0em;"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fair_majority_voting&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fair majority voting (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">เสียงข้างมากแบบยุติธรรม</a></li></ul> </div> <hr /> <ul><li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Weighted_voting&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Weighted voting (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ระบบถ่วงน้ำหนัก</a></b></li></ul> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10552737"><div class="hlist" style="margin-left: 0em;"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Direct_representation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Direct representation (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">การมีผู้แทนโดยตรง</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Interactive_representation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Interactive representation (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">การมีผู้แทนแบบโต้ตอบ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liquid_democracy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liquid democracy (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ประชาธิปไตยแบบลื่นไหล</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="text-align:left;text-align:center;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A1" title="ระบบการลงคะแนนแบบผสม">ระบบผสม</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><b>ระบบผสมแบบไม่ชดเชยที่นั่ง</b></li></ul> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10552737"><div class="hlist" style="margin-left: 0em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99" title="การลงคะแนนระบบคู่ขนาน">ระบบคู่ขนาน (เสียงข้างมากผสม)</a></li></ul> </div> <hr /> <ul><li><b>ระบบผสมแบบชดเชยที่นั่ง</b></li></ul> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10552737"><div class="hlist" style="margin-left: 0em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="ระบบเลือกตั้งแบบสัดส่วนผสม">ระบบสัดส่วนสมาชิกผสม</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A1" title="ระบบสมาชิกเพิ่มเติม">ระบบสมาชิกเพิ่มเติม</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixed_single_vote" class="mw-redirect" title="Mixed single vote">ระบบเสียงเดียวผสม</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%9B%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A3" title="สกอร์โปโร">สกอร์โปโร</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A1" title="ระบบคะแนนเสียงเผื่อเลือกเพิ่ม">คะแนนเสียงเผื่อเลือกเพิ่ม</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88" title="ระบบเลือกตั้งแบบสัดส่วนสมาชิกคู่">สัดส่วนสมาชิกคู่</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rural%E2%80%93urban_proportional_representation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rural–urban proportional representation (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">สัดส่วนเขตกันดาร-เขตเมือง</a></li></ul> </div> <hr /> <ul><li><b>ระบบผสมอื่นๆ</b></li></ul> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10552737"><div class="hlist" style="margin-left: 0em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%82%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87" title="ระบบเสียงข้างมากแบบเพิ่มที่นั่ง">เสียงข้างมากเพิ่มที่นั่ง</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="text-align:left;text-align:center;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:#efefef; border-top:1px solid;"><b>ระบบอื่น ๆ และทฤษฎีเกี่ยวข้อง</b></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="การลงคะแนนแบบสะสม (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">การลงคะแนนแบบสะสม</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="การลงคะแนนเสียงแบบทวินาม (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">แบบทวินาม</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proxy_voting&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Proxy voting (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">การลงคะแนนด้วยตัวแทน</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proxy_voting&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Proxy voting (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">Delegated voting</a></li></ul></li> <li>การเลือกแบบสุ่ม (<a href="/wiki/Sortition" class="mw-redirect" title="Sortition">การจับสลาก</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Random_ballot&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Random ballot (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">บัตรลงคะแนนสุ่ม</a>)</li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Comparison_of_electoral_systems&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Comparison of electoral systems (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">การเปรียบเทียบระบบลงคะแนนต่างๆ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_choice_theory&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Social choice theory (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ทฤษฎีตัวเลือกสังคม</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arrow%27s_impossibility_theorem&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arrow's impossibility theorem (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ทฤษฎีของแอร์โรว์</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gibbard%E2%80%93Satterthwaite_theorem&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gibbard–Satterthwaite theorem (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ทฤษฎีของกิบบาร์ด-แซตเตอร์ธเวท</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Public_choice&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Public choice (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ทฤษฎีตัวเลือกสาธารณะ</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="background:#efefef;"> <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/16px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/24px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/32px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A2:%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87" title="สถานีย่อย:การเมือง">สถานีย่อยการเมือง</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10552737"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r10552732">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-ดู"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A:%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%99" title="แม่แบบ:ระบบการลงคะแนน"><abbr title="ดูแม่แบบนี้">ด</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-คุย"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A:%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="คุยเรื่องแม่แบบ:ระบบการลงคะแนน (ไม่มีหน้านี้)"><abbr title="อภิปรายแม่แบบนี้">ค</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-แก้"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:EditPage/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A:%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%99" title="พิเศษ:EditPage/แม่แบบ:ระบบการลงคะแนน"><abbr title="แก้ไขแม่แบบนี้">ก</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>การลงคะแนนแบบหลายรอบในทันที</b> (<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A4%E0%B8%A9" title="ภาษาอังกฤษ">อังกฤษ</a>: <span lang="en">instant-runoff voting, IRV</span>) หรือเรียก <b>ระบบคะแนนเสียงเผื่อเลือก<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></b> (alternative vote, AV)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <b>ระบบจัดลำดับความชอบ</b> (preferential voting, PV)<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> หรือใน<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90" class="mw-redirect" title="สหรัฐ">สหรัฐ</a>เรียก <b>การลงคะแนนระบบจัดลำดับตัวเลือก</b> (ranked-choice voting, RCV)<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> แต่ชื่อเหล่านี้อาจใช้เรียกในการลงคะแนนในระบบอื่นด้วย<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> การลงคะแนนระบบนี้ใช้<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%99" title="ระบบการลงคะแนน">การนับคะแนน</a>เรียงตามลำดับความชอบเพื่อหาผู้ชนะเพียงรายเดียว </p><p>ในการลงคะแนนระบบนี้ ผู้มีสิทธิเลือกตั้งลงคะแนนเลือกผู้สมัครได้หลายคนตามลำดับความชอบ โดยการนับคะแนนจะนับให้ลำดับแรกก่อน หากมีผู้สมัครในลำดับที่หนึ่งรายใดได้คะแนนเสียงข้างมากเด็ดขาด ผู้สมัครนั้นชนะการเลือกตั้งทันที หากยังไม่มีผู้ใดได้รับเสียงข้างมากเด็ดขาดเป็นลำดับที่หนึ่ง ในรอบถัดไปผู้สมัครที่ได้คะแนนน้อยที่สุดจะตกรอบ โดยในกรณีนี้คะแนนเสียงของผู้มีสิทธิเลือกตั้งที่ลงคะแนนให้ผู้สมัครคนที่ตกรอบจะโอนไปให้กับผู้สมัครในลำดับถัดไป โดยกระบวนการนับคะแนนจะทำต่อไปจนกว่าจะได้ผู้สมัครที่ได้คะแนนเสียงข้างมากเด็ดขาด </p><p>การลงคะแนนแบบหลายรอบในทันทีนี้ โดยหลักการแล้วคือ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%96%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%87" title="การเลือกตั้งแบบถ่ายโอนคะแนนเสียง">การเลือกตั้งแบบถ่ายโอนคะแนนเสียง</a> (single transferable vote) ที่ใช้เลือกผู้ชนะเพียงคนเดียว โดยวิธีนี้จะช่วยป้องกันไม่ให้มีผู้สมัครรายใดชนะการเลือกตั้งแบบไม่มี<a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%82%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%94" class="mw-redirect" title="เสียงข้างมากเด็ดขาด">เสียงข้างมากเด็ดขาด</a>ได้ ซึ่งสามารถเกิดได้หากใช้ระบบการเลือกตั้งแบบเสียงข้างมาก/พหุนิยม (plurality voting) ซึ่งทำให้เกิดภาวะ "เสียงแตก" ได้ในผู้สมัครที่มีนโยบายคล้ายคลึงกัน ซึ่งทำให้เสียงของผู้ลงคะแนนผู้สมัครคนที่คะแนนน้อยสูญไป </p><p>การลงคะแนนแบบหลายรอบในทันทีนั้นใช้ในการเลือกตั้งระดับชาติในหลายประเทศ เช่น การเลือกตั้งสมาชิก<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%8E%E0%B8%A3_(%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="สภาผู้แทนราษฎร (ออสเตรเลีย) (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">สภาผู้แทนราษฎรของออสเตรเลีย</a><sup id="cite_ref-Australian_Electoral_Commission_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Australian_Electoral_Commission-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> การเลือกตั้ง<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" title="ประธานาธิบดีอินเดีย">ประธานาธิบดีอินเดีย</a> และการเลือกตั้ง<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ประธานาธิบดีไอร์แลนด์ (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ประธานาธิบดีไอร์แลนด์</a><sup id="cite_ref-International_Constitutional_Law_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-International_Constitutional_Law-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> เป็นต้น </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="นิยาม"><span id=".E0.B8.99.E0.B8.B4.E0.B8.A2.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.A1"></span>นิยาม</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5&action=edit&section=1" title="แก้ไขส่วน: นิยาม"><span>แก้</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>ในการลงคะแนนแบบนี้นำชื่อมาจากการนับบัตรลงคะแนนที่แบ่งเป็นรอบ ๆ จำนวนหลายรอบ คล้ายกับใน<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9A" title="ระบบบัตรลงคะแนนหลายรอบ">ระบบบัตรลงคะแนนหลายรอบ</a> (exhaustive ballot) ยกเว้นแต่ตัวเลือกที่ผู้ลงคะแนนได้ลงลำดับไว้ไม่มีการเปลี่ยนแปลงในแต่ละรอบ<sup id="cite_ref-publications.parliament.uk_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-publications.parliament.uk-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> โดยชื่อเรียกอื่น ๆ ของการลงคะแนนระบบนี้ ได้แก่ การลงคะแนนแบบโอนเสียง การลงคะแนนแบบมีตัวแทน การลงคะแนนแบบจัดลำดับตัวเลือก การลงคะแนนแบบจัดลำดับตัวเลือกที่นั่งเดียว และการลงคะแนนแบบจัดลำดับความชอบ<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>ใน<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A4%E0%B8%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="อังกฤษ">อังกฤษ</a>และ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="นิวซีแลนด์">นิวซีแลนด์</a>เรียกระบบนี้ว่า "การลงคะแนนระบบจัดลำดับตัวแทน"<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ใน<a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="แคนาดา">แคนาดา</a>เรียกว่า "การลงคะแนนระบบจัดลำดับตัวเลือก"<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ใน<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="ออสเตรเลีย">ออสเตรเลีย</a>ซึ่งใช้การลงคะแนนแบบนี้ในการเลือกตั้งส่วนใหญ่ เรียกว่า "การลงคะแนนระบบจัดลำดับความชอบ" <sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ส่วน<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B3%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="องค์กรไม่แสวงหาผลกำไร">องค์กรไม่แสวงหาผลกำไร</a>แฟร์โวตของ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90" class="mw-redirect" title="สหรัฐ">สหรัฐ</a>เรียกว่า "การลงคะแนนระบบจัดลำดับตัวเลือก" สำหรับกรณีหาผู้ชนะเพียงคนเดียว และ <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%96%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%87" title="การเลือกตั้งแบบถ่ายโอนคะแนนเสียง">"การลงคะแนนแบบถ่ายโอนคะแนนเสียง"</a> สำหรับการหาผู้ชนะมากกว่าหนึ่งคน<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="อ้างอิง"><span id=".E0.B8.AD.E0.B9.89.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.87.E0.B8.AD.E0.B8.B4.E0.B8.87"></span>อ้างอิง</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5&action=edit&section=2" title="แก้ไขส่วน: อ้างอิง"><span>แก้</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r10205087">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFจันทร์อ่อน,_พงศ์ศักดิ์" class="citation web cs1">จันทร์อ่อน, พงศ์ศักดิ์. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idea.int/sites/default/files/publications/electoral-system-design-TH.pdf">"การออกแบบระบบเลือกตั้ง:คู่มือเล่มใหม่ของ International IDEA"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. สถาบันสิทธิมนุษยชนและสันติศึกษา มหาวิทยาลัยมหิดล. p. 114<span class="reference-accessdate">. สืบค้นเมื่อ <span class="nowrap">6 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%87%3A%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87+International+IDEA&rft.pages=114&rft.pub=%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B6%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2+%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A5&rft.au=%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%2C+%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A8%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%8C&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.idea.int%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fpublications%2Felectoral-system-design-TH.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.electoral-reform.org.uk/voting-systems/types-of-voting-system/alternative-vote/">"Alternative Vote"</a>. <i>www.electoral-reform.org.uk</i> (ภาษาอังกฤษแบบอเมริกัน)<span class="reference-accessdate">. สืบค้นเมื่อ <span class="nowrap">2019-05-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.electoral-reform.org.uk&rft.atitle=Alternative+Vote&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.electoral-reform.org.uk%2Fvoting-systems%2Ftypes-of-voting-system%2Falternative-vote%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sbs.com.au/news/explainer-what-is-preferential-voting">"Explainer: What is preferential voting?"</a>. <i>SBS News</i> (ภาษาอังกฤษ)<span class="reference-accessdate">. สืบค้นเมื่อ <span class="nowrap">2019-05-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=SBS+News&rft.atitle=Explainer%3A+What+is+preferential+voting%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sbs.com.au%2Fnews%2Fexplainer-what-is-preferential-voting&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFcorporateName=Australian_Electoral_Commission;_address=10_Mort_Street" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">corporateName=Australian Electoral Commission; address=10 Mort Street, Canberra ACT 2600; contact=13 23 26. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aec.gov.au/learn/preferential-voting.htm">"Preferential voting"</a>. <i>Australian Electoral Commission</i> (ภาษาอังกฤษแบบออสเตรเลีย)<span class="reference-accessdate">. สืบค้นเมื่อ <span class="nowrap">17 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Australian+Electoral+Commission&rft.atitle=Preferential+voting&rft.aulast=corporateName%3DAustralian+Electoral+Commission%3B+address%3D10+Mort+Street&rft.aufirst=Canberra+ACT+2600%3B+contact%3D13+23+26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aec.gov.au%2Flearn%2Fpreferential-voting.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A:Cite_web" title="แม่แบบ:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="หมวดหมู่:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">ลิงก์</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFFairVote.org" class="citation web cs1">FairVote.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fairvote.org/rcv">"Ranked Choice Voting / Instant Runoff"</a>. <i>FairVote</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. สืบค้นเมื่อ <span class="nowrap">2019-05-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FairVote&rft.atitle=Ranked+Choice+Voting+%2F+Instant+Runoff&rft.au=FairVote.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fairvote.org%2Frcv&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFToplak2017" class="citation journal cs1">Toplak, Jurij (2017). "Preferential Voting: Definition and Classification". <i>Lex Localis – Journal of Local Self-Government</i>. <b>15</b> (4): 737–61. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4335%2F15.4.737-761%282017%29">10.4335/15.4.737-761(2017)</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lex+Localis+%E2%80%93+Journal+of+Local+Self-Government&rft.atitle=Preferential+Voting%3A+Definition+and+Classification&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=737-61&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4335%2F15.4.737-761%282017%29&rft.aulast=Toplak&rft.aufirst=Jurij&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.opavote.com/methods/ranked-choice-voting">"Ranked-Choice Voting (RCV)"</a>. <i>www.opavote.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. สืบค้นเมื่อ <span class="nowrap">2019-05-30</span></span>. <q>For some people, ranked-choice voting means any voting method where voters rank candidates. For these people, ranked-choice voting includes not only instant runoff voting and the single transferable vote, but also Condorcet voting and the Borda count.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.opavote.com&rft.atitle=Ranked-Choice+Voting+%28RCV%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.opavote.com%2Fmethods%2Franked-choice-voting&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFFairVote.org" class="citation web cs1">FairVote.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fairvote.org/rcv">"Ranked Choice Voting / Instant Runoff"</a>. <i>FairVote</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. สืบค้นเมื่อ <span class="nowrap">2019-05-31</span></span>. <q>Examples of uses of RCV include: Australia (... multi-winner form of it for senate elections); Ireland (... multi-winner form for parliament and many local elections; Malta (multi-winner form for parliament)...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FairVote&rft.atitle=Ranked+Choice+Voting+%2F+Instant+Runoff&rft.au=FairVote.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fairvote.org%2Frcv&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFRubel2019" class="citation web cs1">Rubel, Alex (2019-05-24). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://shalhevetboilingpoint.com/top-stories/2019/05/23/ranked-choice-replaces-instant-runoff-as-new-election-format-in-first-just-community-decision-this-year/">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Ranked Choice' replaces 'Instant Runoff' as new election format in first Just Community decision this year"</a>. <i>The Boiling Point</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. สืบค้นเมื่อ <span class="nowrap">2019-05-31</span></span>. <q>The ranked choice system ... voters rank each candidate from favorite to least favorite, and the winner is the candidate who was, on average, voted the highest.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Boiling+Point&rft.atitle=%27Ranked+Choice%27+replaces+%27Instant+Runoff%27+as+new+election+format+in+first+Just+Community+decision+this+year&rft.date=2019-05-24&rft.aulast=Rubel&rft.aufirst=Alex&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fshalhevetboilingpoint.com%2Ftop-stories%2F2019%2F05%2F23%2Franked-choice-replaces-instant-runoff-as-new-election-format-in-first-just-community-decision-this-year%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Australian_Electoral_Commission-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Australian_Electoral_Commission_10-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aec.gov.au/">"Australian Electoral Commission"</a>. Aec.gov.au. 23 April 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. สืบค้นเมื่อ <span class="nowrap">30 April</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Australian+Electoral+Commission&rft.pub=Aec.gov.au&rft.date=2014-04-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aec.gov.au%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-International_Constitutional_Law-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-International_Constitutional_Law_11-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/ei00000_.html">"Ireland Constitution, Article 12(2.3)"</a>. International Constitutional Law. 1995<span class="reference-accessdate">. สืบค้นเมื่อ <span class="nowrap">15 February</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ireland+Constitution%2C+Article+12%282.3%29&rft.pub=International+Constitutional+Law&rft.date=1995&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.servat.unibe.ch%2Ficl%2Fei00000_.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-publications.parliament.uk-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-publications.parliament.uk_12-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200001/cmselect/cmproced/40/4005.htm">"Second Report: Election of a Speaker"</a>. House of Commons Select Committee on Procedure. 15 February 2001<span class="reference-accessdate">. สืบค้นเมื่อ <span class="nowrap">18 February</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Second+Report%3A+Election+of+a+Speaker&rft.pub=House+of+Commons+Select+Committee+on+Procedure&rft.date=2001-02-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpublications.parliament.uk%2Fpa%2Fcm200001%2Fcmselect%2Fcmproced%2F40%2F4005.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite id="CITEREFCary2011" class="citation journal cs1">Cary, David (1 January 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=2028012.2028015">"Estimating the Margin of Victory for Instant-runoff Voting"</a>. <i>Proceedings of the 2011 Conference on Electronic Voting Technology/Workshop on Trustworthy Elections</i>. EVT/WOTE'11: 3.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+2011+Conference+on+Electronic+Voting+Technology%2FWorkshop+on+Trustworthy+Elections&rft.atitle=Estimating+the+Margin+of+Victory+for+Instant-runoff+Voting&rft.pages=3&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.aulast=Cary&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdl.acm.org%2Fcitation.cfm%3Fid%3D2028012.2028015&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-12910547">"BBC News - Alternative vote"</a>. <i>bbc.com</i>. British Broadcasting Corporation. 8 February 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. สืบค้นเมื่อ <span class="nowrap">9 October</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=bbc.com&rft.atitle=BBC+News+-+Alternative+vote&rft.date=2012-02-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fuk-politics-12910547&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.critic.co.nz/news/article/7194/opinion-ousa-needs-the-alternative-vote">"Opinion: OUSA Needs the Alternative Vote"</a>. <i>Critic - Te Arohi</i>. Otago, New Zealand: Otago University Students' Association. 30 September 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. สืบค้นเมื่อ <span class="nowrap">9 October</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Critic+-+Te+Arohi&rft.atitle=Opinion%3A+OUSA+Needs+the+Alternative+Vote&rft.date=2017-09-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.critic.co.nz%2Fnews%2Farticle%2F7194%2Fopinion-ousa-needs-the-alternative-vote&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180226101409/http://www.london.ca/city-hall/elections/ranked-choice-voting/Pages/What-is-Ranked-Choice-Voting.aspx">"What is Ranked Choice Voting?"</a>. <i>City of London</i>. คลังข้อมูลเก่าเก็บจาก<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.london.ca/city-hall/elections/ranked-choice-voting/Pages/What-is-Ranked-Choice-Voting.aspx">แหล่งเดิม</a>เมื่อ 2018-02-26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=City+of+London&rft.atitle=What+is+Ranked+Choice+Voting%3F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.london.ca%2Fcity-hall%2Felections%2Franked-choice-voting%2FPages%2FWhat-is-Ranked-Choice-Voting.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2020/dec/12/liberal-plan-to-change-federal-voting-laws-may-have-crossbench-support">"Liberal plan to change federal voting laws may have crossbench support"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i> (ภาษาอังกฤษ). 11 December 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. สืบค้นเมื่อ <span class="nowrap">13 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Liberal+plan+to+change+federal+voting+laws+may+have+crossbench+support&rft.date=2020-12-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Faustralia-news%2F2020%2Fdec%2F12%2Fliberal-plan-to-change-federal-voting-laws-may-have-crossbench-support&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10205087"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fairvote.org/rcv#how_rcv_works">"How RCV Works"</a>. <i>FairVote</i> (ภาษาอังกฤษแบบอเมริกัน). 2019-08-17<span class="reference-accessdate">. สืบค้นเมื่อ <span class="nowrap">2018-08-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FairVote&rft.atitle=How+RCV+Works&rft.date=2019-08-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fairvote.org%2Frcv%23how_rcv_works&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fth.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10552737"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r10791470">.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Satisfaction_approval_voting" class="mw-redirect" title="Satisfaction approval voting">แบบคะแนนอนุมัติตามความชอบ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A1" title="ระบบสมาชิกเพิ่มเติม">ระบบสมาชิกเพิ่มเติม</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A1" title="ระบบลงคะแนนแบบเสียงเดียวผสม">แบบเสียงเดียวผสม</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A1" title="ระบบคะแนนเสียงเผื่อเลือกเพิ่ม">คะแนนเสียงเผื่อเลือกเพิ่ม</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88" title="ระบบเลือกตั้งแบบสัดส่วนสมาชิกคู่">แบบสมาชิกคู่</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rural-urban_proportional_representation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rural-urban proportional representation (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">เขตกันดาร-เขตเมือง</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">เกณฑ์</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Condorcet_criterion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Condorcet criterion 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class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">โควตา</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%9B" title="โควตาดรูป">โควตาดรูป</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%84-%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9F" title="โควตาฮาเกินบัค-บิชช็อฟ">โควตาฮาเกินบัค-บิชช็อฟ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="โควตาแฮร์">โควตาแฮร์</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B5" title="โควตาอิมเปรีอาลี">โควตาอิมเปรีอาลี</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" 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title="การจับสลาก">การจับสลาก</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">เปรียบเทียบ</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Comparison_of_electoral_systems&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Comparison of electoral systems (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">การเปรียบเทียบระบบลงคะแนน</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_electoral_systems_by_country&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of electoral systems by country (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ระบบการลงคะแนนในแต่ละประเทศ</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A2:%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87" title="สถานีย่อย:การเมือง">สถานีย่อย</a></b> — <b><a 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