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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American pharmacologist</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other people with the same name, see <a href="/wiki/Louis_Goodman_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Louis Goodman (disambiguation)">Louis Goodman (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Louis Goodman</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Louise_Goodman_Yale.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Louise_Goodman_Yale.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="175" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="140" data-file-height="175" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1906-08-27</span>)</span>August 27, 1906<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Portland,_Oregon" title="Portland, Oregon">Portland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oregon" title="Oregon">Oregon</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">November 19, 2000<span style="display:none">(2000-11-19)</span> (aged 94)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Salt_Lake_City" title="Salt Lake City">Salt Lake City</a>, <a href="/wiki/Utah" title="Utah">Utah</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Reed_College" title="Reed College">Reed College</a> (B.S.)<br /><a href="/wiki/University_of_Oregon" title="University of Oregon">University of Oregon</a> (M.D.)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data">Experimental chemotherapy; <i><a href="/wiki/The_Pharmacological_Basis_of_Therapeutics" class="mw-redirect" title="The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics">The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics</a></i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data">Helen Ricen (1906–1996)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">Carolyn, Debora</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data">National Academy of Sciences <small>(1965)</small></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><b>Scientific career</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fields</th><td class="infobox-data category">Pharmacology</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Institutions</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Yale_School_of_Medicine" title="Yale School of Medicine">Yale School of Medicine</a><br /><a href="/wiki/University_of_Vermont" title="University of Vermont">University of Vermont</a><br /><a href="/wiki/University_of_Utah" title="University of Utah">University of Utah</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Louis Sanford Goodman</b> (August 27, 1906 – November 19, 2000) was an American pharmacologist. He is best known for his collaborations with <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Gilman,_Sr." class="mw-redirect" title="Alfred Gilman, Sr.">Alfred Gilman, Sr.</a>, with whom he authored the popular textbook <i><a href="/wiki/The_Pharmacological_Basis_of_Therapeutics" class="mw-redirect" title="The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics">The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics</a></i> in 1941 and pioneered the first chemotherapy trials using <a href="/wiki/Nitrogen_mustard" title="Nitrogen mustard">nitrogen mustard</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life_and_career">Life and career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_S._Goodman&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Life and career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Goodman was born in <a href="/wiki/Portland,_Oregon" title="Portland, Oregon">Portland, Oregon</a> in 1906 and received his B.A. from <a href="/wiki/Reed_College" title="Reed College">Reed College</a> in 1928 and an M.D. from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oregon_Medical_School" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Oregon Medical School">University of Oregon Medical School</a> in 1932.<sup id="cite_ref-Altman_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Altman-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After interning at <a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_Hospital" title="Johns Hopkins Hospital">Johns Hopkins Hospital</a>, he joined the <a href="/wiki/Yale_School_of_Medicine" title="Yale School of Medicine">Yale School of Medicine</a> faculty, where he met Alfred Gilman. They began teaching pharmacology courses together and began to develop a textbook, which was published as <i>The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics</i> in 1941.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While at Yale, Goodman and Gilman were assigned a government contract in <a href="/wiki/Nitrogen_mustard" title="Nitrogen mustard">nitrogen mustard</a> research in 1942.<sup id="cite_ref-Schiff_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schiff-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With knowledge that the compound depleted white blood cells, the pharmacologists experimented with intravenous injections on a terminally ill <a href="/wiki/Lymphosarcoma" class="mw-redirect" title="Lymphosarcoma">lymphosarcoma</a> patient in <a href="/wiki/Gustaf_Lindskog" title="Gustaf Lindskog">Gustaf Lindskog</a>'s care. Though the tumor regenerated and killed the patient, the drug's success in briefly eliminating the tumor is considered a historic accomplishment in chemotherapy treatment, and the compound is still used as a chemotherapeutic agent.<sup id="cite_ref-Schiff_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schiff-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Goodman was appointed an assistant professor at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Vermont" title="University of Vermont">University of Vermont</a> in 1937, and became its chair of pharmacology and physiology in 1943.<sup id="cite_ref-Altman_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Altman-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NAS_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NAS-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Then, in 1944, he moved to Salt Lake City to found a department of pharmacology at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Utah" title="University of Utah">University of Utah</a> College of Medicine.<sup id="cite_ref-Deseret_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Deseret-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There, Goodman demonstrated that the paralysis induced by <a href="/wiki/Curare" title="Curare">curare</a> was temporary, which he did by injecting a colleague with the relaxant.<sup id="cite_ref-Altman_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Altman-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Goodman retired in 1971 and remained in Salt Lake City for the remainder of his life, continuing to teach at the College of Medicine.<sup id="cite_ref-Deseret_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Deseret-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He died on November 19, 2000, at the age of 94.<sup id="cite_ref-Altman_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Altman-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_S._Goodman&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Goodman married Helen Ricen in 1934, and they had two daughters, Carolyn and Debora. He is survived by his grandchildren, Jonathan, Rebecca, Miriam and Jacob and great-grandson Leo Goodman Liggins.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards_and_honors">Awards and honors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_S._Goodman&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Awards and honors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Goodman was elected to the <a href="/wiki/National_Academy_of_Sciences" title="National Academy of Sciences">National Academy of Sciences</a> in 1965.<sup id="cite_ref-NAS_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NAS-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_S._Goodman&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Altman-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Altman_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Altman_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Altman_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Altman_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFAltman2000" class="citation news cs1">Altman, Lawrence K. (28 November 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2000/11/28/us/dr-louis-s-goodman-94-chemotherapy-pioneer-dies.html">"Dr. Louis S. Goodman, 94, Chemotherapy Pioneer, Dies"</a>. <i>New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Dr.+Louis+S.+Goodman%2C+94%2C+Chemotherapy+Pioneer%2C+Dies&rft.date=2000-11-28&rft.aulast=Altman&rft.aufirst=Lawrence+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2000%2F11%2F28%2Fus%2Fdr-louis-s-goodman-94-chemotherapy-pioneer-dies.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouis+S.+Goodman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRitchie1996" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/J._Murdoch_Ritchie" title="J. Murdoch Ritchie">Ritchie, Murdoch</a> (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nasonline.org/publications/biographical-memoirs/memoir-pdfs/gilman-alfred.pdf"><i>A Biographical Memoir of Albert Gilman</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. National Academies Press<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Biographical+Memoir+of+Albert+Gilman&rft.pub=National+Academies+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.aulast=Ritchie&rft.aufirst=Murdoch&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasonline.org%2Fpublications%2Fbiographical-memoirs%2Fmemoir-pdfs%2Fgilman-alfred.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouis+S.+Goodman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Schiff-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Schiff_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Schiff_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchiff2011" class="citation journal cs1">Schiff, Judith Ann (May 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yalealumnimagazine.com/articles/3173/pioneers-in-chemotherapy">"Pioneers in chemotherapy"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Yale_Alumni_Magazine" title="Yale Alumni Magazine">Yale Alumni Magazine</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Yale+Alumni+Magazine&rft.atitle=Pioneers+in+chemotherapy&rft.date=2011-05&rft.aulast=Schiff&rft.aufirst=Judith+Ann&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yalealumnimagazine.com%2Farticles%2F3173%2Fpioneers-in-chemotherapy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouis+S.+Goodman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NAS-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NAS_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NAS_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/deceased-members/20001397.html">"Louis Goodman"</a>. National Academy of Sciences<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Louis+Goodman&rft.pub=National+Academy+of+Sciences&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasonline.org%2Fmember-directory%2Fdeceased-members%2F20001397.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouis+S.+Goodman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Deseret-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Deseret_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Deseret_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150402101040/http://www.deseretnews.com/article/795376/Dr-Louis-S-Goodman-dies-cancer-pioneer-U-professor.html?pg=all">"Dr. Louis S. Goodman dies, cancer pioneer, U. professor"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Deseret_News" title="Deseret News">Deseret News</a></i>. 26 November 2000. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.deseretnews.com/article/795376/Dr-Louis-S-Goodman-dies-cancer-pioneer-U-professor.html?pg=all">the original</a> on April 2, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Deseret+News&rft.atitle=Dr.+Louis+S.+Goodman+dies%2C+cancer+pioneer%2C+U.+professor&rft.date=2000-11-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.deseretnews.com%2Farticle%2F795376%2FDr-Louis-S-Goodman-dies-cancer-pioneer-U-professor.html%3Fpg%3Dall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALouis+S.+Goodman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Louis_S._Goodman&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nwda.orbiscascade.org/ark:/80444/xv60766">The Louis S. Goodman audio-visual collection 1968–1980</a> at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Utah" title="University of Utah">University of Utah</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19866818#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19866818#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19866818#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000119388154">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/109470909">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1760099/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJpjd6g9mtQQVcr4Hjjgrq">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/132895110">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80086280">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12359395h">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12359395h">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00441286">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Goodman, Louis Sanford"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/UMCV013576">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35133983">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=skuk0002699&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX955680">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external 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href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA02096215?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/163918">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/132895110">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/032593961">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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