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jQuery(document).ready( function($){ $("img").lazyload({ placeholder : "/static/js/grey.gif", effect : "fadeIn", threshold : 200 }); }); </script> <div id="ct" class="ct2 wp cl"> <div class="mn"> <div class="bm"> <div class="bm_h cl"> <h1 class="mt"><span class="z">博文</span> </h1> </div> <div class="bm_c"> <div class="vw mbm"> <div class="h pbm"> <h1 class="ph"> 哥本哈根植物园 | 丹麦植物科学的摇篮 <a href="https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog.php?mod=recommend"><img src="./static/image/blog/recommendico.gif" width="22px" height="22px" /><font style="font-size:14px; color:#930;" face="宋体">精选</font></a> </h1> <p class="xg2"> <span class="xg1">已有 5280 次阅读</span> <span class="xg1">2025-2-7 21:01</span> <span class="pipe">|</span><span class="xg1">系统分类:<a href="https://blog.sciencenet.cn/home.php?mod=space&do=blog&view=all&uid=38998&catid=3">观点评述</a></span> </p> </div> <div id="blog_article" class="d cl" ><p><span style="font-size: 14px;">【内容提要】</span><span style="font-size: 14px; font-family: 幼圆;">哥本哈根植物园</span><span style="font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 14px;">隶属于丹麦哥本哈根大学，始建于<span style="font-family:Georgia">1600</span>年，</span><span style="font-family: Georgia; font-size: 14px;"><span style="font-family:幼圆">由克里斯蒂安四世建立，历经多次搬迁，最终于</span>1871-1874<span style="font-family:幼圆">年间定址于现址。</span></span><span style="font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 14px;">植物园占地<span style="font-family:Georgia">10</span>公顷，</span><span style="font-family: Georgia; font-size: 14px;"><span style="font-family:幼圆">拥有</span>13000<span style="font-family:幼圆">多种活植物，设有</span>3000<span style="font-family:幼圆">平方米的棕榈屋，是科研和教育中心。拥有馆藏</span></span><span style="font-size: 14px; font-family: Georgia;">200</span><span style="font-size: 14px; font-family: 幼圆;">万份植物标本，参与濒危物种保护和种子库建设。</span><span style="font-size: 14px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia;">19</span><span style="font-family: 幼圆;">世纪植物学家 </span><span style="font-family: Georgia;">Nathaniel Wallich </span><span style="font-family: 幼圆;">等曾在此工作，推动了对亚洲植物的分类学研究。</span></span><span style="font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 14px;">作为丹麦最大的室外植物收藏地，哥本哈根植物园不仅是丹麦植物科学的摇篮，更是全球生物多样性保护的重要参与者。其融合历史遗产与现代科研的实践，为自然教育、生态保护及可持续发展提供了典范。</span></p><p><span style="font-family: 幼圆; font-size: 14px;"><img src="http://image.sciencenet.cn/home/202502/07/204404hd99zkjs8a99j16v.png" title="" alt="哥本哈根植物园.png"/></span></p><p><span style="font-size: 14px;"></span></p><p><strong><span style=";font-family:幼圆;color:#30C0B4;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Georgia">1 </span></span></strong><strong><span style=";font-family:Georgia;color:#30C0B4;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:幼圆">历史背景</span></span></strong></p><p><strong><span style=";font-family:Georgia;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:幼圆">成立时间与初衷</span></span></strong></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;"><span style=";font-family:Georgia;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:幼圆">哥本哈根植物园隶属于哥本哈根大学，最初成立于</span> 1600<span style="font-family:幼圆">年，最初目的是为医学学生提供药用植物研究资源。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;"><span style=";font-family:Georgia;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:幼圆">第一座植物园：位于城市中心的</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">“Købmagergade”</span><span style="font-family:幼圆">，规模较小，以种植药用植物为主。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;"><span style=";font-family:Georgia;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:幼圆">搬迁与扩建：</span>1874<span style="font-family:幼圆">年迁至现址（</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">Østerbro</span><span style="font-family:幼圆">区），占地约 </span><span style="font-family:Georgia">10</span><span style="font-family:幼圆">公顷，由丹麦著名景观设计师 </span><span style="font-family:Georgia">Eduard August von Regel </span><span style="font-family:幼圆">规划，成为北欧最大的植物园之一。</span></span></p><p><strong><span style=";font-family:Georgia;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:幼圆">标志性建筑</span></span></strong></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;"><span style=";font-family:Georgia;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:幼圆">历史悠久的温室群：</span>19<span style="font-family:幼圆">世纪建成，包括标志性的棕榈温室（</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">Palm House</span><span style="font-family:幼圆">）（</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">1874</span><span style="font-family:幼圆">年），高</span><span style="font-family:Georgia">16</span><span style="font-family:幼圆">米，至今仍是欧洲最古老的铸铁温室之一。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;"><span style=";font-family:Georgia;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:幼圆">现代设施：</span>2000<span style="font-family:幼圆">年后新增现代化温室，用于保护热带和亚热带植物。</span></span></p><p><img src="http://image.sciencenet.cn/home/202502/07/204427ol5zsh3kkslbgh5u.jpeg" title="" alt="1 Palmehuset2-Botanisk-Have-Jens-Astrup-StatensNaturhistoriske-Museum.jpeg"/></p><p><img src="http://image.sciencenet.cn/home/202502/07/205446shxa1eexckpxz9ey.png" title="" alt="温室鸟瞰图.png"/></p><p><strong><span style=";font-family:幼圆;color:#30C0B4;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Georgia">2 </span></span></strong><strong><span style=";font-family:Georgia;color:#30C0B4;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:幼圆">发展与学术角色</span></span></strong></p><p><strong><span style=";font-family:Georgia;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:幼圆">科研与教育中心</span></span></strong></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;"><span style=";font-family:Georgia;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:幼圆">作为哥本哈根大学自然科学院的组成部分，植物园长期支持植物分类学、生态学和保护生物学研究。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;"><span style=";font-family:Georgia;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:幼圆">植物标本馆：馆藏超过</span> 200<span style="font-family:幼圆">万份植物标本，涵盖全球植物多样性，为科研提供重要数据。</span></span></p><p><strong><span style=";font-family:Georgia;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:幼圆">植物保护与可持续实践</span></span></strong></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;"><span style=";font-family:Georgia;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:幼圆">濒危物种保护：参与北欧国家植物保护计划，重点保育北极和高山植物。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;"><span style=";font-family:Georgia;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:幼圆">种子</span></span><span style=";font-family:幼圆;font-size:16px">库</span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:幼圆">：与全球种子库（如斯瓦尔巴全球种子库）合作，保存丹麦本土及稀有植物遗传资源。</span></span></p><p><img src="http://bbs.sciencenet.cn/home.php?mod=attachment&filename=2%20JapanskCamellia_ChristinaEgerisVandborg_BotaniskHave_SNM-1080x720.jpeg&id=1415333" style=""/></p><p><img src="http://bbs.sciencenet.cn/home.php?mod=attachment&filename=6%20Kaktushuset-StatensNaturhistoriskeMuseum-6533%281%29.jpg&id=1415334" style=""/></p><p><img src="http://bbs.sciencenet.cn/home.php?mod=attachment&filename=3%20Victoria-aakande-BotaniskHave-%20Jens%20Astrup-SNM.jpg&id=1415335" style=""/></p><p><strong><span style="font-family: 幼圆; color: #30C0B4;"><span style="font-family:Georgia">3 </span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: Georgia; color: #30C0B4;"><span style="font-family:幼圆">主要贡献</span></span></strong></p><p><strong><span style=";font-family:Georgia;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:幼圆">学术研究</span></span></strong></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;"><span style=";font-family:Georgia;font-size:16px">19<span style="font-family:幼圆">世纪植物学家 </span><span style="font-family:Georgia">Nathaniel Wallich </span><span style="font-family:幼圆">等曾在此工作，推动了对亚洲植物的分类学研究。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;"><span style=";font-family:Georgia;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:幼圆">当代研究聚焦于植物适应性、入侵物种管理和极地植物生态。</span></span></p><p><strong><span style=";font-family:Georgia;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:幼圆">公众教育与文化影响</span></span></strong></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;"><span style=";font-family:Georgia;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:幼圆">教育项目：每年接待数万游客，提供导览、工作坊和儿童自然教育课程。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;"><span style=";font-family:Georgia;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:幼圆">城市绿洲：作为哥本哈根重要文化地标，融合科学、艺术与公共空间（如雕塑和季节性展览）。</span></span></p><p><img src="http://bbs.sciencenet.cn/home.php?mod=attachment&filename=5%20Palmehuset-botanisk-samling.JPG&id=1415337" style=""/></p><p><img src="http://bbs.sciencenet.cn/home.php?mod=attachment&filename=7%20Palmehusets-soejler-BotaniskHave.JPG&id=1415338" style=""/></p><p><img src="http://bbs.sciencenet.cn/home.php?mod=attachment&filename=6%20Kaktushuset-StatensNaturhistoriskeMuseum-6533%281%29.jpg&id=1415339" style=""/></p><p><strong><span style=";font-family:Georgia;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:幼圆">园艺与景观设计</span></span></strong></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;"><span style=";font-family:Georgia;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:幼圆">主题园区：包括丹麦本土植物区、岩石园、药用植物园和系统分类园区，展示植物进化关系。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;"><span style=";font-family:Georgia;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:幼圆">季节性景观：樱花、郁金香等季节性植物吸引大量游客，促进自然美学教育。</span></span></p><p><strong><span style=";font-family:幼圆;color:#30C0B4;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Georgia">5 </span></span></strong><strong><span style=";font-family:Georgia;color:#30C0B4;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:幼圆">现代挑战与未来方向</span></span></strong></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;"><span style=";font-family:Georgia;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:幼圆">气候适应：通过温室技术模拟不同生态环境，研究植物对气候变化的响应。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;"><span style=";font-family:Georgia;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:幼圆">数字化：开发虚拟植物园和在线数据库，提升公众参与度。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;"><span style=";font-family:Georgia;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:幼圆">城市生态：推广城市绿化理念，助力哥本哈根实现碳中和目标。</span></span></p><p><strong><span style="color: #30C0B4; font-size: 16px; font-family: Georgia;">6 </span></strong><strong><span style="color: #30C0B4; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">历史沿革</span></strong></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">哥本哈根大学首个植物园——药用植物园，由克里斯蒂安四世于</span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;font-size:16px">1600</span><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">年建立，位于水晶街，用于支持医学教学。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;"><span style=";font-family:Georgia;font-size:16px">1752</span><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">年，弗雷德里克五世建立奥德斯花园，由</span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;font-size:16px">G.C. Oeder</span><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">领导，强调植物的经济重要性，并启动《丹麦植物志》项目。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">奥德斯花园存在时间短暂</span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;font-size:16px">，1778</span><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">年国王购回土地，并在夏洛滕堡为新植物园捐赠新址。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">夏洛滕堡花园于</span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;font-size:16px">1778</span><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">年建立，设有植物博物馆和园长居所，通过出售植物和种子支持运营，推动植物学成为独立科学。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;"><span style=";font-family:Georgia;font-size:16px">1874</span><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">年新植物园在东斯特沃尔向公众开放，1905年园地面积缩减，但通过租赁和公众通行权补偿。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">为尊重花园历史布局，进行了多项变革，包括花坛迁移、路径系统建立、新设施安装及岩石园重组。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;"><span style=";font-family:Georgia;font-size:16px">1959</span><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">年至</span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;font-size:16px">1983</span><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">年间，为北极和寒温带植物建造了温室，</span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;font-size:16px">1977</span><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">年发布保护声明，</span><span style=";font-family:Georgia;font-size:16px">1982</span><span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">年棕榈温室修缮应对设施老化问题。</span></p><p><img src="http://bbs.sciencenet.cn/home.php?mod=attachment&filename=%CD%BC1%20%C7%BD%BA%F3%CE%AA%D2%A9%D3%C3%D6%B2%CE%EF%D4%B0%A3%A8Hortus%20Medicus%A3%A9%B5%C4%D2%C5%BC%A3%A1%A3%D5%E2%B7%F9%BB%AD%B4%B4%D7%F7%D3%DA1.png&id=1415323" style=""/></p><p><img src="http://bbs.sciencenet.cn/home.php?mod=attachment&filename=%CD%BC3%201870%20%C4%EA%B4%FA%B3%F5%C6%DA%D0%C2%B3%C9%C1%A2%B5%C4%D6%B2%CE%EF%D4%B0.png&id=1415324" style=""/></p><p><img src="http://bbs.sciencenet.cn/home.php?mod=attachment&filename=%CD%BC2%20%B4%D3%D0%C2%B8%DB%BF%B4%CF%C4%C2%E5%CC%D8%B1%A4%B5%C4%D6%B2%CE%EF%D4%B0%A1%A3%D6%BB%C4%DC%BF%B4%B5%BD%B8%DB%BF%DA%B7%BF%CE%DD%BA%F3%C3%E6%B5%C4%D6%B2%B1%BB.png&id=1415325" style=""/></p><p><img src="http://bbs.sciencenet.cn/home.php?mod=attachment&filename=%CD%BC4%201955%C4%EA%B4%D3%D6%B2%CE%EF%D4%B0%BF%B4%B5%BD%B5%C4%C0%ED%B9%A4%D1%A7%D4%BA%20%D5%D5%C6%AC%20%B8%E7%B1%BE%B9%FE%B8%F9%CA%D0%B5%B5%B0%B8%B9%DD.png&id=1415326" style=""/></p><p><img src="http://bbs.sciencenet.cn/home.php?mod=attachment&filename=%CD%BC5%201974%C4%EA%D6%B2%CE%EF%D4%B0%B0%D9%C4%EA%C7%EC%B5%E4%CA%B1%B5%C4%D7%D8%E9%B5%CE%DD%A1%A3%D5%D5%C6%AC%20%B8%E7%B1%BE%B9%FE%B8%F9%B2%A9%CE%EF%B9%DD.png&id=1415327" style=""/></p><p><img src="http://bbs.sciencenet.cn/home.php?mod=attachment&filename=&id=1415328" style=""/></p><p><img src="http://bbs.sciencenet.cn/home.php?mod=attachment&filename=&id=1415329" style=""/></p><p><strong><span style="color: #30C0B4; font-size: 16px; font-family: 幼圆;">结语</span></strong></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;"><span style=";font-family:Georgia;font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:幼圆">哥本哈根植物园是丹麦植物科学的中心和北欧重要的植物园，对于极地植物迁地保护和全球气候变化研究具有重要作用。</span></span></p><p></p> <br /><br /> <label style="font-size:13px; color:#850f0f">转载本文请联系原作者获取授权，同时请注明本文来自廖景平科学网博客。<br />链接地址：</label><a href="https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-38998-1472053.html" target="_blank" style="font-size:13px; color:#850f0f">https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-38998-1472053.html </a> <br /><br />上一篇：<a href='blog-38998-1471390.html' target='_black'>国家植物园 | 应注重生物多样性调查和特有物种保护</a><br />下一篇：<a href='blog-38998-1473234.html' target='_black'>英国皇家植物园 | 由皇家花园转变为国家植物园及最初50年进步</a>  </div> <div id="click_div"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="atd"> <tr></tr> </table> <script type="text/javascript"> function errorhandle_clickhandle(message, values) { if(values['id']) { showCreditPrompt(); show_click(values['idtype'], values['id'], values['clickid']); 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