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class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mostra/Nascondi l'indice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mostra/Nascondi l'indice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Medical Subject Headings</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vai a una voce in un'altra lingua. Disponibile in 51 lingue" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-51" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">51 lingue</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings - afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Medical Subject Headings" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%81%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B6%D9%8A%D8%B9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="نظام فهرسة المواضيع الطبية - arabo" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نظام فهرسة المواضيع الطبية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings - asturiano" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Medical Subject Headings" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibbi_subyekt_rubrikas%C4%B1" title="Tibbi subyekt rubrikası - azerbaigiano" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Tibbi subyekt rubrikası" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaigiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings - bielorusso" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Medical Subject Headings" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorusso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings - bulgaro" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Medical Subject Headings" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings - bosniaco" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Medical Subject Headings" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings - catalano" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Medical Subject Headings" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings - ceco" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Medical Subject Headings" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ceco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesh_ID" title="Mesh ID - gallese" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Mesh ID" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gallese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/MeSH" title="MeSH - danese" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="MeSH" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings - tedesco" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Medical Subject Headings" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings - greco" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Medical Subject Headings" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings - inglese" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Medical Subject Headings" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Medical Subject Headings" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings - spagnolo" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Medical Subject Headings" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings - estone" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Medical Subject Headings" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings - basco" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Medical Subject Headings" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%B9%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B6%D9%88%D8%B9%DB%8C_%D9%BE%D8%B2%D8%B4%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="سرعنوان‌های موضوعی پزشکی - persiano" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سرعنوان‌های موضوعی پزشکی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/MeSH" title="MeSH - finlandese" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="MeSH" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings - francese" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Medical Subject Headings" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings - galiziano" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Medical Subject Headings" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiziano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/MeSH" title="MeSH - ebraico" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="MeSH" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%95" title="चिकित्सा विषय शीर्षक - hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="चिकित्सा विषय शीर्षक" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings - croato" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Medical Subject Headings" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croato" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings - ungherese" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Medical Subject Headings" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungherese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings - indonesiano" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Medical Subject Headings" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/MeSH" title="MeSH - giapponese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="MeSH" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="giapponese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%98%ED%95%99%EC%A3%BC%EC%A0%9C%ED%91%9C%EB%AA%A9" title="의학주제표목 - coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="의학주제표목" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings - lituano" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Medical Subject Headings" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings - macedone" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Medical Subject Headings" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BD_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B9%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D" title="മെഡിക്കൽ സബ്‌ജക്ട് ഹെഡിങ്ങ്സ് - malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മെഡിക്കൽ സബ്‌ജക്ട് ഹെഡിങ്ങ്സ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tajuk_Subjek_Perubatan" title="Tajuk Subjek Perubatan - malese" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Tajuk Subjek Perubatan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings - olandese" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Medical Subject Headings" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="olandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/MeSH" title="MeSH - norvegese nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="MeSH" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegese nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/MeSH" title="MeSH - norvegese bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="MeSH" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegese bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings - polacco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Medical Subject Headings" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings - portoghese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Medical Subject Headings" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portoghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings - rumeno" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Medical Subject Headings" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings - russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Medical Subject Headings" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/MeSH" title="MeSH - serbo-croato" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="MeSH" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croato" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Medical Subject Headings" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings - sloveno" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Medical Subject Headings" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="sloveno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/MeSH" title="MeSH - serbo" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="MeSH" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/MeSH" title="MeSH - svedese" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="MeSH" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svedese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81" title="மருத்துவப் பாடத் தலைப்பு - tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மருத்துவப் பாடத் தலைப்பு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%82%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%8C" title="หัวข้อเนื้อหาทางการแพทย์ - thailandese" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="หัวข้อเนื้อหาทางการแพทย์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings - turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Medical Subject Headings" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings - ucraino" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Medical Subject Headings" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B6%D9%88%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%B7%D8%A8" title="عنوانات موضوعات طب - urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="عنوانات موضوعات طب" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6%E4%B8%BB%E9%A2%98%E8%AF%8D" title="医学主题词 - cinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="医学主题词" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="cinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span 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data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aspetto</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">sposta nella barra laterale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Da Wikipedia, l'enciclopedia libera.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="it" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Medical_Subject_Headings_logo.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Medical_Subject_Headings_logo.png/220px-Medical_Subject_Headings_logo.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="262" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Medical_Subject_Headings_logo.png/330px-Medical_Subject_Headings_logo.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/00/Medical_Subject_Headings_logo.png 2x" data-file-width="370" data-file-height="441" /></a><figcaption>Logo del vocabolario</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Medical Subject Headings</b> (acronimo: <b>MeSH</b>) è un enorme <a href="/wiki/Vocabolario_controllato" class="mw-redirect" title="Vocabolario controllato">vocabolario controllato</a> (o <a href="/wiki/Metadati" class="mw-redirect" title="Metadati">sistema di metadati</a>) ideato con l'obiettivo di <a href="/wiki/Indicizzazione_(motore_di_ricerca)" class="mw-redirect" title="Indicizzazione (motore di ricerca)">indicizzare</a> la <a href="/wiki/Letteratura_scientifica" title="Letteratura scientifica">letteratura scientifica</a> in ambito biomedico. Il <a href="/wiki/Tesauro" class="mw-redirect" title="Tesauro">tesauro</a> è stato creato dalla <i><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Medicine" title="National Library of Medicine">National Library of Medicine</a></i> (NLM) degli <a href="/wiki/Stati_Uniti" class="mw-redirect" title="Stati Uniti">Stati Uniti</a>, che è responsabile anche della sua gestione. Il MeSH viene adoperato per l'<a href="/wiki/Indicizzazione_(motore_di_ricerca)" class="mw-redirect" title="Indicizzazione (motore di ricerca)">indicizzazione</a> degli articoli delle oltre 5000 riviste mediche presenti nel <a href="/wiki/Database" class="mw-redirect" title="Database">database</a> <a href="/wiki/Bibliografia" title="Bibliografia">bibliografico</a> <a href="/wiki/Medline" class="mw-redirect" title="Medline">Medline</a>/<a href="/wiki/PubMed" title="PubMed">PubMed</a> e nel catalogo dei libri della NLM. Il vocabolario può essere consultato e scaricato gratuitamente da tutti gli utenti di <a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">internet</a>. La stampa dell'edizione cartacea è stata abbandonata nel <a href="/wiki/2007" title="2007">2007</a>. </p><p>Nei <a href="/wiki/Database" class="mw-redirect" title="Database">database</a> <a href="/wiki/Medline" class="mw-redirect" title="Medline">Medline</a> o <a href="/wiki/PubMed" title="PubMed">PubMed</a> il contenuto di ciascun articolo è indicizzato con 10-15 <a href="/wiki/Descrittore_(informazione)" title="Descrittore (informazione)">descrittori</a>, di cui solo uno o due termini indicano l'argomento principale: sono detti pertanto "principali" ("<i>major</i>" in <a href="/wiki/Lingua_inglese" title="Lingua inglese">inglese</a>) e identificati con l'apposizione di un asterisco. L'utilità di queste operazioni può essere verificata nelle operazioni di ricerca in quanto il ricorso al vocabolario controllato MeSH e ai descrittori permette di essere molto selettivi e di ridurre enormemente il "rumore" che si otterrebbe se si utilizzassero solo le parole libere del linguaggio comune. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Struttura_dei_MeSH">Struttura dei MeSH</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Medical_Subject_Headings&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la sezione Struttura dei MeSH" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Medical_Subject_Headings&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Struttura dei MeSH"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MeSH-example.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/MeSH-example.svg/220px-MeSH-example.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/MeSH-example.svg/330px-MeSH-example.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/MeSH-example.svg/440px-MeSH-example.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="520" /></a><figcaption>Esempio di struttura gerarchica dei MeSH: Alberi delle Neoplasie dello stomaco (<i>Stomach Neoplasms</i>)</figcaption></figure> <p>Il vocabolario è costituito da oltre 24.000 termini, organizzati <a href="/wiki/Gerarchia" title="Gerarchia">gerarchicamente</a>, dal più generale al più specifico, in sedici <a href="/wiki/Teoria_delle_categorie" title="Teoria delle categorie">categorie</a> identificata da lettere dell'alfabeto ("A" per l'<a href="/wiki/Anatomia" title="Anatomia">anatomia</a>, "B" per gli <a href="/wiki/Organismo" class="mw-redirect" title="Organismo">organismi</a>, "C" per le <a href="/wiki/Malattia" title="Malattia">malattie</a>, ecc.), ciascuna delle quali a sua volta è suddivisa in sottocategorie, identificate da numeri, sempre più specifiche a mano a mano che si procede in basso per cui la specificità del termine è proporzionale alla lunghezza del numero. Grazie alla struttura ramificata che scaturisce da questa classificazione, si ottengono degli elenchi di termini definiti "<a href="/wiki/Albero_(informatica)" title="Albero (informatica)">alberi</a>". Per es., nel caso della categoria "C" (Malattie), avremo ventitré sottocategorie ("C01": Infezioni batteriche e micotiche, "C02": Malattie virali, "C03": Malattie parassitarie, "C04" Neoplasie, "C05" Malattie del sistema muscolo scheletrico, "C06" malattie dell'apparato digerente, ecc.) ciascuna delle quali ne contiene numerose altre. </p><p>Un dato descrittore può apparire in più punti dell'albero gerarchico, e quindi può essere descritto da più codici alfanumerici. Nel caso, per es., delle "Neoplasie dello stomaco", patologia neoplasica ("C04") e dell'apparato digerente ("C06") potremo ottenere i seguenti alberi: </p> <ul><li>Neoplasie [C04] <ul><li>Neoplasie per sede Site [C04.588] <ul><li>Neoplasie dell'apparato digerente [C04.588.274] <ul><li>Neoplasie Gastrointestinali [C04.588.274.476] <ul><li>Neoplasie dello stomaco [C04.588.274.476.767]</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <p><i>oppure</i> </p> <ul><li>Malattie dell'apparato digerente [C06] <ul><li>Neoplasie dell'apparato digerente [C06.301] <ul><li>Neoplasie Gastrointestinali [C06.301.371] <ul><li>Neoplasie dello stomaco [C06.301.371.767]</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Traduzione_in_lingua_italiana">Traduzione in lingua italiana</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Medical_Subject_Headings&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la sezione Traduzione in lingua italiana" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Medical_Subject_Headings&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Traduzione in lingua italiana"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La traduzione dei MeSH dalla <a href="/wiki/Lingua_inglese" title="Lingua inglese">lingua inglese</a> a quella <a href="/wiki/Lingua_italiana" title="Lingua italiana">italiana</a> è curata dall'<a href="/wiki/Istituto_Superiore_di_Sanit%C3%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="Istituto Superiore di Sanità">Istituto Superiore di Sanità</a>. La traduzione è stata avviata nel <a href="/wiki/1986" title="1986">1986</a> nell'ambito dell'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Unified_Medical_Language_System&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Unified Medical Language System (la pagina non esiste)">Unified Medical Language System</a>, un progetto della statunitense NLM (<i>National Library of Medicine</i>) che persegue lo scopo di creare un linguaggio medico utilizzabile dai sistemi informatici. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Altri_progetti">Altri progetti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Medical_Subject_Headings&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la sezione Altri progetti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Medical_Subject_Headings&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Altri progetti"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div id="interProject" class="toccolours" style="display: none; clear: both; margin-top: 2em"><p id="sisterProjects" style="background-color: #efefef; color: black; font-weight: bold; margin: 0"><span>Altri progetti</span></p><ul title="Collegamenti verso gli altri progetti Wikimedia"> <li class="" title=""><span class="plainlinks" title="commons:Category:Medical Subject Headings"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Medical_Subject_Headings?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it" title="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons"><img alt="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/27px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/36px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span> contiene immagini o altri file su <b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Medical_Subject_Headings?uselang=it">Medical Subject Headings</a></span></b></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Collegamenti_esterni">Collegamenti esterni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Medical_Subject_Headings&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la sezione Collegamenti esterni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Medical_Subject_Headings&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Collegamenti esterni"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/meshhome.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">Sito ufficiale</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">nlm.nih.gov</span>.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199897#P856" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iss.it/site/mesh/Index.aspx"><span style="font-style:italic;">Istituto Superiore di Sanità, MeSH in lingua italiana</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">iss.it</span>.</cite></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r140554510">.mw-parser-output .CdA{border:1px solid #aaa;width:100%;margin:auto;font-size:90%;padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#f2f2f2;font-weight:bold;width:20%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .CdA{border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#202122}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .CdA{border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#202122}}</style><table class="CdA"><tbody><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Controllo_di_autorit%C3%A0" title="Aiuto:Controllo di autorità">Controllo di autorità</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/Virtual_International_Authority_File" title="Virtual International Authority File">VIAF</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/305937419">305937419</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n2013188677">n2013188677</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_nazionale_di_Israele" title="Biblioteca nazionale di Israele">J9U</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr>, <abbr title="ebraico">HE</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007333371805171">987007333371805171</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="noprint" style="width:100%; 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