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Dit is echter niet verplicht." class=""><span>Account aanmaken</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Aanmelden&returnto=Nirwana" title="U wordt van harte uitgenodigd om aan te melden, maar dit is niet verplicht [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Aanmelden</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Meer opties" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Persoonlijke hulpmiddelen" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Persoonlijke hulpmiddelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Gebruikersmenu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_nl.wikipedia.org&uselang=nl"><span>Doneren</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:GebruikerAanmaken&returnto=Nirwana" title="Registreer u vooral en meld u aan. 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accesskey="y"><span>Bijdragen</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:MijnOverleg" title="Overlegpagina van de anonieme gebruiker van dit IP-adres [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Overleg</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Inhoud" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhoud</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Top</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Nibbana_in_het_Theravada" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nibbana_in_het_Theravada"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Nibbana in het Theravada</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Nibbana_in_het_Theravada-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Nibbana in het Theravada-subkopje inklappen</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Nibbana_in_het_Theravada-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Nibbana_en_verlichting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nibbana_en_verlichting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Nibbana en verlichting</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nibbana_en_verlichting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nibbana_in_de_praktijk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nibbana_in_de_praktijk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Nibbana in de praktijk</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nibbana_in_de_praktijk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nirwana_in_het_Mahayana" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nirwana_in_het_Mahayana"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Nirwana in het Mahayana</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nirwana_in_het_Mahayana-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nirvana_in_de_Mahatmabrieven" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nirvana_in_de_Mahatmabrieven"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Nirvana in de Mahatmabrieven</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nirvana_in_de_Mahatmabrieven-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zie_ook" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zie_ook"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Zie ook</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zie_ook-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Externe_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Externe_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Externe links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Externe_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referentie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referentie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Referentie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referentie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Inhoudsopgave omschakelen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Inhoudsopgave omschakelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Nirwana</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ga naar een artikel in een andere taal. Beschikbaar in 89 talen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-89" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">89 talen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nirwana" title="Nirwana – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Nirwana" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7" title="نرفانا – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نرفانا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7" title="نيرفانا – Egyptisch Arabisch" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="نيرفانا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptisch Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nirvana" title="Nirvana – Azerbeidzjaans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Nirvana" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidzjaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nirwana" title="Nirwana – Beiers" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Nirwana" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Beiers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nirvana" title="Nirvana – Samogitisch" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Nirvana" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nirvana" title="Nirvana – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Nirvana" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%96%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Нірвана – Belarussisch" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Нірвана" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Нирвана – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Нирвана" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%97%E1%80%B9%E1%80%97%E1%80%AC%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%82%8F" title="နိဗ္ဗာန်ႏ – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="နိဗ္ဗာန်ႏ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A3" title="নির্বাণ – Bengaals" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="নির্বাণ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%96%E0%BD%91%E0%BD%BA%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%96%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%A4%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%94%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%93%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8D" title="བདེ་བར་གཤེགས་པའི་གནས། – Tibetaans" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="བདེ་བར་གཤེགས་པའི་གནས།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nirvana_(relijion)" title="Nirvana (relijion) – Bretons" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Nirvana (relijion)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Bretons" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nirvana" title="Nirvana – Bosnisch" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Nirvana" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nirvana" title="Nirvana – Catalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Nirvana" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B1%DA%A4%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7" title="نیرڤانا – Soranî" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="نیرڤانا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Soranî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nirv%C3%A1na" title="Nirvána – Tsjechisch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Nirvána" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nirfana" title="Nirfana – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Nirfana" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nirvana" title="Nirvana – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Nirvana" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nirwana" title="Nirwana – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Nirwana" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9D%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%B2%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B1" title="Νιρβάνα – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Νιρβάνα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nirvana" title="Nirvana – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Nirvana" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nirvano" title="Nirvano – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Nirvano" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nirvana_(espiritualidad)" title="Nirvana (espiritualidad) – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Nirvana (espiritualidad)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nirvaana" title="Nirvaana – Estisch" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Nirvaana" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nirvana" title="Nirvana – Baskisch" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Nirvana" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7" title="نیروانا – Perzisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نیروانا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perzisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nirvana" title="Nirvana – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Nirvana" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nirvana_(monde_indien)" title="Nirvana (monde indien) – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Nirvana (monde indien)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nirvana_(trassendence)" title="Nirvana (trassendence) – Friulisch" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Nirvana (trassendence)" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nirbhe%C3%A1na" title="Nirbheána – Iers" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Nirbheána" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Iers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nirvana" title="Nirvana – Galicisch" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Nirvana" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%A8%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%A3" title="નિર્વાણ – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="નિર્વાણ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%95%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%94" title="נירוואנה – Hebreeuws" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="נירוואנה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeuws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3" title="निर्वाण – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="निर्वाण" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nirvana" title="Nirvana – Kroatisch" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Nirvana" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nirv%C3%A1na" title="Nirvána – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Nirvána" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%86%D5%AB%D6%80%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1" title="Նիրվանա – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Նիրվանա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nirvana_(b%C3%BAddismi)" title="Nirvana (búddismi) – IJslands" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Nirvana (búddismi)" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="IJslands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nirvana" title="Nirvana – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Nirvana" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B6%85%E6%A7%83" title="涅槃 – Japans" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="涅槃" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nirwana" title="Nirwana – Javaans" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Nirwana" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="ნირვანა – Georgisch" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ნირვანა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Нирвана – Kazachs" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Нирвана" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazachs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%87%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%93" title="ព្រះនិព្វាន – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ព្រះនិព្វាន" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A3" title="ನಿರ್ವಾಣ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ನಿರ್ವಾಣ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%97%B4%EB%B0%98" title="열반 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="열반" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Нирвана – Kirgizisch" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Нирвана" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgizisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nirv%C4%81%E1%B9%87a" title="Nirvāṇa – Latijn" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Nirvāṇa" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latijn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nirwana" title="Nirwana – Luxemburgs" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Nirwana" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxemburgs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nirvana" title="Nirvana – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Nirvana" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nirvana" title="Nirvana – Litouws" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Nirvana" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litouws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nirv%C4%81na" title="Nirvāna – Lets" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Nirvāna" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Lets" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nirvana" title="Nirvana – Malagassisch" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Nirvana" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagassisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Нирвана – Macedonisch" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Нирвана" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3" title="निर्वाण – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="निर्वाण" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nirwana" title="Nirwana – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Nirwana" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%97%E1%80%B9%E1%80%97%E1%80%AC%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA" title="နိဗ္ဗာန် – Birmaans" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="နိဗ္ဗာန်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Birmaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3" title="निर्वाण – Nepalees" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="निर्वाण" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepalees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3" title="निर्वाण – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="निर्वाण" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nirvana" title="Nirvana – Noors - Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Nirvana" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Noors - Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nirvana" title="Nirvana – Noors - Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Nirvana" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Noors - Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nirvana_(bodisme)" title="Nirvana (bodisme) – Occitaans" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Nirvana (bodisme)" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A3" title="ਨਿਰਵਾਣ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਨਿਰਵਾਣ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nirwana" title="Nirwana – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Nirwana" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86" title="نروان – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="نروان" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nirvana" title="Nirvana – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Nirvana" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nirvana" title="Nirvana – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Nirvana" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Нирвана – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Нирвана" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nirvana" title="Nirvana – Sardijns" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Nirvana" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardijns" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nirvana" title="Nirvana – Servo-Kroatisch" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Nirvana" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Servo-Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%AB" title="නිර්වාණ – Singalees" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="නිර්වාණ" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Singalees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nirvana" title="Nirvana – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Nirvana" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nirv%C3%A1na" title="Nirvána – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Nirvána" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nirvana" title="Nirvana – Sloveens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Nirvana" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloveens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nirvana" title="Nirvana – Albanees" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Nirvana" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Нирвана – Servisch" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Нирвана" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Servisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nirvana" title="Nirvana – Zweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Nirvana" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Zweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99" title="นิพพาน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="นิพพาน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nirvana" title="Nirvana – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Nirvana" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nirvana" title="Nirvana – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Nirvana" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%96%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Нірвана – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Нірвана" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86" title="نروان – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="نروان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nirvana" title="Nirvana – Oezbeeks" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Nirvana" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Oezbeeks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ni%E1%BA%BFt-b%C3%A0n" title="Niết-bàn – Vietnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Niết-bàn" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nirvana_(relihiyon)" title="Nirvana (relihiyon) – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Nirvana (relihiyon)" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B6%85%E6%A7%83" title="涅槃 – Wuyu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="涅槃" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B6%85%E6%A7%83" title="涅槃 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="涅槃" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%A2%8C%BD" title="𢌽 – Kantonees" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="𢌽" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q42927#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Taalkoppelingen bewerken" class="wbc-editpage">Koppelingen bewerken</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> 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class="mw-file-description" title="Dhamma wiel"><img alt="Dhamma wiel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Dharma_Wheelmmm-APNG-animation2.png/30px-Dharma_Wheelmmm-APNG-animation2.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Dharma_Wheelmmm-APNG-animation2.png/45px-Dharma_Wheelmmm-APNG-animation2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Dharma_Wheelmmm-APNG-animation2.png/60px-Dharma_Wheelmmm-APNG-animation2.png 2x" data-file-width="120" data-file-height="120" /></a></span> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Boeddhisme" title="Boeddhisme">Boeddhisme</a></b> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Boeddhistische_concepten" title="Boeddhistische concepten">Concepten</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Geschiedenis_van_het_boeddhisme" title="Geschiedenis van het boeddhisme">Geschiedenis</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Boeddhistische_stromingen" title="Boeddhistische stromingen">Stromingen</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Boeddhistische_geschriften" title="Boeddhistische geschriften">Geschriften</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Boeddhistische_tempel" title="Boeddhistische tempel">Tempels</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Devotie_in_het_boeddhisme" title="Devotie in het boeddhisme">Devotie</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Boeddhisme_per_land" title="Boeddhisme per land">Per land</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lijst_van_boeddhistische_termen_(Pali_en_Sanskriet)" title="Lijst van boeddhistische termen (Pali en Sanskriet)">Termen</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Boeddhisme_van_A_tot_Z" title="Boeddhisme van A tot Z">Van A tot Z</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background-color: #ffeec2; text-align: center;"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Dharma_Wheel.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Dhamma wiel"><img alt="Dhamma wiel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Dharma_Wheel.svg/30px-Dharma_Wheel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Dharma_Wheel.svg/45px-Dharma_Wheel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Dharma_Wheel.svg/60px-Dharma_Wheel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </th></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Nirwana</b> (<a href="/wiki/Sanskriet" title="Sanskriet">Sanskriet</a> निर्वाण, <i>nirvāņa</i>, uitgeblust, onbeweeglijk) of <i><b>nibbana</b></i> (<a href="/wiki/Pali_(taal)" title="Pali (taal)">Pali</a>) is de hoogste staat die door de mens bereikt kan worden en waardoor heiligheid behaald wordt. Het uitgedoofd zijn verwijst naar het hoofddoel van het <a href="/wiki/Boeddhisme" title="Boeddhisme">boeddhisme</a>, het einde van begeerte, aversie en verwarring. Naast het boeddhisme kennen andere Indiase spirituele tradities ook een nirwana, vaak met een andere betekenis.<br /> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nibbana_in_het_Theravada">Nibbana in het Theravada</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nirwana&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Nibbana in het Theravada" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nirwana&action=edit&section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Nibbana in het Theravada"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In het <a href="/wiki/Theravada_(boeddhisme)" title="Theravada (boeddhisme)">theravada</a> verwijst het woord <b>nibbana</b> naar de verlichting die de Boeddha zelf bereikt had en die hij zijn studenten onderwees. Iemand die het nibbana behaald heeft, is iemand waarin de mentale oorzaken van het lijden (verlangens en aversie) niet meer kunnen ontstaan, omdat aan de oorzaak ervan (onwetendheid en verwarring) voor altijd een einde is gemaakt. </p><p>Het uitdoven of uitgaan van verlangens, haat, onwetendheid en verwarring is volgens de leer van de <a href="/wiki/Boeddha_(verlichte)" title="Boeddha (verlichte)">Boeddha</a> een logisch resultaat van de ontwikkeling van het <a href="/wiki/Achtvoudig_Pad" class="mw-redirect" title="Achtvoudig Pad">Achtvoudig Pad</a> tot aan het hoogste niveau. Verder kan gezegd worden dat iemand die het nibbana behaald heeft de <a href="/wiki/Vier_Nobele_Waarheden" class="mw-redirect" title="Vier Nobele Waarheden">Vier Nobele Waarheden</a> in al haar aspecten compleet begrijpt en deze ook volledig toegepast heeft. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nibbana_en_verlichting">Nibbana en verlichting</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nirwana&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Nibbana en verlichting" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nirwana&action=edit&section=2" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Nibbana en verlichting"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Uitgeblust zijn is in het theravada een van de kenmerken van ontwaking of verlichting (pali: <i>bodhi</i>). Iemand die werkelijk verlicht is, weet wat het nibbana is en ervaart het ook. </p><p>Nibbana is in de leer van het Theravada boeddhisme de volledige bevrijding uit het <i><a href="/wiki/Samsara" title="Samsara">samsara</a></i>, het steeds maar weer ervaren van lijden en geboorte, ziekte en dood. Het verschil tussen een leven in samsara en een leven in nibbana is dat iemand in samsara afwisselend verlangen, haat en verwarring meemaakt. Dit zorgt ervoor dat een leven in samsara pijnlijk en vol lijden is. In het nibbana is daar geen sprake van en ervaart men vrijheid van lijden: werkelijke gelukzaligheid. Het leven van iemand die leeft in het nibbana wordt gekenmerkt door compassie, vriendelijkheid, wijsheid, gelijkmoedigheid, onthechtheid en geluk. </p><p>Iemand die het nibbana behaald heeft, is een boeddha als dit op eigen kracht, zonder leraar, behaald is. Een <a href="/wiki/Sotapanna" title="Sotapanna">sotapanna</a> (de laagste graad van heiligheid) heeft de <a href="/wiki/Dhamma" title="Dhamma">dhamma</a> gezien en heeft een voorproefje van het nibbana gehad. De sotapanna is op weg naar het nibbana, maar heeft haar nog niet bereikt. De <a href="/wiki/Arahant" title="Arahant">arahant</a> (iemand die de hoogste graad van heiligheid bezit) heeft het nibbana (en verlichting) bereikt als discipel van een boeddha. </p><p>Iemand die het nibbana (of verlichting) bereikt heeft, ervaart in dit leven nog steeds de natuurlijke gevolgen van een geboorte als mens: ziekte, ouderdom en dood. Deze blijft er echter gelijkmoedig onder en de lichamelijke pijn veroorzaakt geen geestelijke of mentale pijn. Bij het overlijden ervaart iemand die het nibbana behaald heeft het <i><a href="/wiki/Parinibbana" title="Parinibbana">parinibbana</a></i> en wordt niet <a href="/wiki/Wedergeboorte_(boeddhisme)" title="Wedergeboorte (boeddhisme)">weder geboren</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nibbana_in_de_praktijk">Nibbana in de praktijk</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nirwana&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Nibbana in de praktijk" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nirwana&action=edit&section=3" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Nibbana in de praktijk"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Een boeddhistisch begrip wat nauw verwant is aan het nibbana is <i><a href="/wiki/Anatta" class="mw-redirect" title="Anatta">anatta</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Pali_(taal)" title="Pali (taal)">pali</a>) of niet-zelf. Indien het concept van niet-zelf niet correct begrepen wordt, kan ook het nibbana niet correct bevat worden. </p> <blockquote> <p><i>Het lijden bestaat, maar niemand ondergaat het.maar het leidt wel de weg</i><br /> <i>De daad is, maar een doener is er niet.</i><br /> <i>Nibbana bestaat, maar niet degene die het binnengaat.</i><br /> <i>Het pad is, maar geen reiziger begaat het.</i><br /> <i>—Visuddhamagga, XVI</i><br /> </p> </blockquote> <p>Nibbana is volgens het boeddhisme een praktisch iets wat zelf ervaren kan worden. <a href="/wiki/Ajahn_Chah" title="Ajahn Chah">Ajahn Chah</a> gebruikte de gelijkenis van de smaak van een appel, die op verschillende manieren beschreven kan worden en waarover verschillende theorieën ontwikkeld kunnen worden. Maar pas wanneer de appel is geproefd, is bekend wat de smaak van een appel echt is en blijkt dat de verschillende beschrijvingen misschien wel waar zijn, maar niet tot de essentie van de smaak van een appel behoren. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nirwana_in_het_Mahayana">Nirwana in het Mahayana</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nirwana&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Nirwana in het Mahayana" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nirwana&action=edit&section=4" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Nirwana in het Mahayana"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De later ontstane <a href="/wiki/Mahayana" title="Mahayana">mahayana</a>-stroming van het boeddhisme vond dat het nirwana-idee van het theravada en de overige <a href="/wiki/Vroege_boeddhistische_scholen" title="Vroege boeddhistische scholen">vroege boeddhistische scholen</a> te beperkt was. Het mahayana paste bepaalde boeddhistische spirituele idealen daarom aan, waarbij zij uit bleef gaan van de basisbeginselen van het boeddhisme. Deze nieuwe idealen werden vervolgens uitgewerkt in zowel praktische, logische als metafysische aspecten. Als gevolg hiervan week het <i>nirwana</i>-idee van het theravada uit naar de achtergrond en kwam daarvoor in de plaats het bodhi-ideaal van het mahayana. </p><p>Bodhi (<a href="/wiki/Sanskriet" title="Sanskriet">Sanskriet</a>; <a href="/wiki/Verlichting_(boeddhisme)" title="Verlichting (boeddhisme)">verlichting</a>) is het doel wat mahayana-boeddhisten nastreven. Met verlichting wordt hier meer specifiek de verlichting van een boeddha bedoeld en niet die van een arahant. De tegenpool van verlichting is onwetendheid en verwarring. </p><p>Volgens de aanhangers van het mahayana is nirwana niet de hoogste staat die bereikt kan worden, maar slechts een tussenstation op de weg naar ultieme verlichting (bodhi) van een boeddha. Mahayana-boeddhisten spreken ook wel over lager nirwana als ze het nirwana van het theravada bedoelen en over het hoger nirwana als ze de verlichting van een boeddha bedoelen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nirvana_in_de_Mahatmabrieven">Nirvana in de Mahatmabrieven</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nirwana&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Nirvana in de Mahatmabrieven" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nirwana&action=edit&section=5" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Nirvana in de Mahatmabrieven"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Volgens de <a href="/wiki/Theosofie" title="Theosofie">theosofische</a> <a href="/wiki/Mahatmabrieven" title="Mahatmabrieven">Mahatmabrieven</a> uit het einde van de 19e eeuw gaat het nirvana <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Devachan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Devachan (de pagina bestaat niet)">devachan</a></i> (hemel) te boven. Nirvana is een '<i>nog hogere bewustzijnstoestand, waarin alle objectieve dingen worden vergeten. Het is een toestand van absolute Rust en assimilatie met </i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parabrahm&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parabrahm (de pagina bestaat niet)">Parabrahm</a><i> - het is Parabrahm zelf.</i><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Devachan is de voortdurend veranderende bewustzijnstoestand, waar de Ego (het goddelijke zelf) na het overlijden zuiver geestelijke aspiraties geniet om daarna te worden wedergeboren in een nieuwe persoonlijkheid. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Avitchi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Avitchi (de pagina bestaat niet)">Avitchi</a></i> (hel) is de antithese van devachan. De Ego laat voor het binnentreden van devachan de schil (overleden persoonlijkheid) achter in <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kamaloka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kamaloka (de pagina bestaat niet)">kamaloka</a></i> (het gebied van <a href="/wiki/Kama_(filosofie)" title="Kama (filosofie)">kama</a>, begeerte), waar het geleidelijk uiteenvalt. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zie_ook">Zie ook</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nirwana&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Zie ook" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nirwana&action=edit&section=6" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Zie ook"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moksha" title="Moksha">moksha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verlichting_(boeddhisme)" title="Verlichting (boeddhisme)">Verlichting (boeddhisme)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parinibbana" title="Parinibbana">Parinibbana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samadhi_(boeddhisme)" title="Samadhi (boeddhisme)">Samadhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meditatie" title="Meditatie">Meditatie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoga" title="Yoga">Yoga</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Externe_links">Externe links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nirwana&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Externe links" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nirwana&action=edit&section=7" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Externe links"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67679320">.mw-parser-output .taalaanduiding{font-family:sans-serif;font-size:85%;cursor:help;color:var(--color-subtle,#555)}.mw-parser-output .taalaanduiding span{border-bottom:1px dotted var(--color-subtle,#555)}</style><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.buddhanet.net/e-learning/dharmadata/fdd43.htm">Dharma Data: Nirvana</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.accesstoinsight.org/lib/authors/thanissaro/likefire/index.html">The Mind Like Fire Unbound</a> Over het gebruik van het woord 'Nibbana' in de tijd van de Boeddha.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.buddhanet.net/e-learning/buddhism/nshell10.htm">Artikel over Nibbana in het boekje 'Buddhism in a Nutshell</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referentie">Referentie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nirwana&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Referentie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nirwana&action=edit&section=8" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Referentie"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>De Mahatma brieven</i>, Nederlandse vertaling, 1979, p. 217</span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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