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decoding=\"async\" width=\"40\" height=\"43\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Wikipedia_Asian_Month_Logo.svg/60px-Wikipedia_Asian_Month_Logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Wikipedia_Asian_Month_Logo.svg/80px-Wikipedia_Asian_Month_Logo.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"512\" data-file-height=\"555\" /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/td\u003E\u003Ctd class=\"mbox-text\"\u003EOd 1. do 30. novembra 2024. učestvujte u projektu \u003Ca href=\"/wiki/Wikipedia:Azijski_mjesec/2024.\" title=\"Wikipedia:Azijski mjesec/2024.\"\u003E\"Azijski mjesec\"\u003C/a\u003E.\u003C/td\u003E\u003C/tr\u003E\u003C/tbody\u003E\u003C/table\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E";}}());</script></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Sajt"> <div 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id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Početak</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Razlike_između_mejoze_i_mitoze" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Razlike_između_mejoze_i_mitoze"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Razlike između mejoze i mitoze</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Razlike_između_mejoze_i_mitoze-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Proces_mejoze" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Proces_mejoze"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Proces mejoze</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Proces_mejoze-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mejoza_I" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mejoza_I"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Mejoza I</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mejoza_I-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mejoza_II" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mejoza_II"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Mejoza II</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mejoza_II-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Važnost_mejoze" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Važnost_mejoze"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Važnost mejoze</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Važnost_mejoze-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Također_pogledajte" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Također_pogledajte"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Također pogledajte</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Također_pogledajte-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reference" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reference"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Reference</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reference-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sadržaj" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Uključi/isključi sadržaj" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Uključi/isključi sadržaj</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Mejoza</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Idi na članak na drugom jeziku. Dostupno na 72 jezika" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-72" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">72 jezika</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meiose" title="Meiose – afrikans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Meiose" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%82%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B5%D9%81" title="انقسام منصف – arapski" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="انقسام منصف" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arapski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meiosis" title="Meiosis – asturijski" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Meiosis" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meyoz_b%C3%B6l%C3%BCnm%C9%99" title="Meyoz bölünmə – azerbejdžanski" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Meyoz bölünmə" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbejdžanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%91%D0%B7" title="Меёз – bjeloruski" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Меёз" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bjeloruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Мейоза – bugarski" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Мейоза" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bugarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8" title="মিয়োসিস – bengalski" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মিয়োসিস" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meiosi" title="Meiosi – katalonski" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Meiosi" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mei%C3%B3za" title="Meióza – češki" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Meióza" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="češki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meiosis" title="Meiosis – velški" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Meiosis" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="velški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meiose" title="Meiose – danski" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Meiose" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meiose" title="Meiose – njemački" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Meiose" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="njemački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B5%CE%AF%CF%89%CF%83%CE%B7_(%CE%B2%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%AF%CE%B1)" title="Μείωση (βιολογία) – grčki" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μείωση (βιολογία)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grčki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meiosis" title="Meiosis – engleski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Meiosis" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mejozo" title="Mejozo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Mejozo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meiosis" title="Meiosis – španski" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Meiosis" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="španski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meioos" title="Meioos – estonski" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Meioos" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meiosi" title="Meiosi – baskijski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Meiosi" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B2" title="میوز – perzijski" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="میوز" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perzijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meioosi" title="Meioosi – finski" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Meioosi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A9iose" title="Méiose – francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Méiose" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A9%C3%B3is" title="Méóis – irski" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Méóis" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meiose" title="Meiose – galicijski" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Meiose" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%95%D7%96%D7%94" title="מיוזה – hebrejski" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מיוזה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3" title="अर्धसूत्रण – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अर्धसूत्रण" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mejoza" title="Mejoza – hrvatski" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Mejoza" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="hrvatski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meyoz" title="Meyoz – haićanski kreolski" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Meyoz" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haićanski kreolski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mei%C3%B3zis" title="Meiózis – mađarski" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Meiózis" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="mađarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A5%D5%B5%D5%B8%D5%A6" title="Մեյոզ – armenski" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մեյոզ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armenski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meiosis" title="Meiosis – indonezijski" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Meiosis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%BDriskipting" title="Rýriskipting – islandski" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Rýriskipting" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meiosi" title="Meiosi – italijanski" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Meiosi" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italijanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B8%9B%E6%95%B0%E5%88%86%E8%A3%82" title="減数分裂 – japanski" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="減数分裂" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meiosis" title="Meiosis – javanski" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Meiosis" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D%E1%83%96%E1%83%98" title="მეიოზი – gruzijski" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მეიოზი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruzijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%B7" title="Мейоз – kazaški" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Мейоз" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazaški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಮಿಯಾಸಿಸ್ – kanada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಮಿಯಾಸಿಸ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kanada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B0%90%EC%88%98%EB%B6%84%EC%97%B4" title="감수분열 – korejski" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="감수분열" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miyoz" title="Miyoz – kurdski" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Miyoz" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%B7" title="Мейоз – kirgiški" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Мейоз" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgiški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mejoz%C4%97" title="Mejozė – litvanski" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Mejozė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litvanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mejoze" title="Mejoze – latvijski" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Mejoze" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latvijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%98%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Мејоза – makedonski" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Мејоза" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%8A%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%82" title="ഊനഭംഗം – malajalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഊനഭംഗം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%B7" title="Мейоз – mongolski" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Мейоз" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meiosis" title="Meiosis – malajski" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Meiosis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meiose_(voortplanting)" title="Meiose (voortplanting) – nizozemski" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Meiose (voortplanting)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nizozemski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meiose" title="Meiose – norveški (Bokmal)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Meiose" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norveški (Bokmal)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meeyoosisii" title="Meeyoosisii – oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Meeyoosisii" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mejoza" title="Mejoza – poljski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Mejoza" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poljski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meiose" title="Meiose – portugalski" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Meiose" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meioz%C4%83" title="Meioză – rumunski" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Meioză" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumunski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%B7" title="Мейоз – ruski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Мейоз" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mejoza" title="Mejoza – srpskohrvatski" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Mejoza" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="srpskohrvatski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%8C%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%B1_%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B7%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA" title="ඌනන විභාජනය – sinhaleški" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ඌනන විභාජනය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="sinhaleški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meiosis" title="Meiosis – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Meiosis" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mei%C3%B3za" title="Meióza – slovački" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Meióza" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mejoza" title="Mejoza – slovenski" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Mejoza" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mejoza" title="Mejoza – albanski" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Mejoza" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%98%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Мејоза – srpski" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Мејоза" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="srpski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meios" title="Meios – švedski" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Meios" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="švedski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%92%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%81" title="ஒடுக்கற்பிரிவு – tamilski" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஒடுக்கற்பிரிவு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA" title="ไมโอซิส – tajlandski" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ไมโอซิส" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tajlandski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mayoz" title="Mayoz – turski" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Mayoz" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%B7" title="Мейоз – ukrajinski" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Мейоз" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrajinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D9%81" title="انتصاف – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="انتصاف" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meyoz" title="Meyoz – uzbečki" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Meyoz" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbečki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gi%E1%BA%A3m_ph%C3%A2n" title="Giảm phân – vijetnamski" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Giảm phân" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vijetnamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%87%8F%E6%95%B0%E5%88%86%E8%A3%82" title="减数分裂 – Wu kineski" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="减数分裂" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%87%8F%E6%95%B0%E5%88%86%E8%A3%82" title="减数分裂 – kineski" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="减数分裂" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ki%C3%A1m-s%C3%B2%CD%98_hun-lia%CC%8Dt" title="Kiám-sò͘ hun-lia̍t – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kiám-sò͘ hun-lia̍t" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B8%9B%E6%95%B8%E5%88%86%E8%A3%82" title="減數分裂 – kantonski" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="減數分裂" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Meiose_%28Overzicht%29.png/375px-Meiose_%28Overzicht%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Meiose_%28Overzicht%29.png/500px-Meiose_%28Overzicht%29.png 2x" data-file-width="717" data-file-height="813" /></a><figcaption>Prikaz mejoze</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Mejoza</b> (grč. μειόω - <i>meioun</i> = smanjiti, smanjenje) je <a href="/wiki/%C4%86elija" class="mw-disambig" title="Ćelija">ćelijska</a> dioba u kojoj se broj <a href="/wiki/Hromosom" title="Hromosom">hromosoma</a> u novonastalim ćelijama redukuje na polovinu u odnosu na majke ćelije. S obzirom da se broj <a href="/wiki/Hromosom" title="Hromosom">hromosoma</a> u kćerkama ćelijama u odnosu na majku ćeliju smanjuje na pola, ova dioba se naziva i redukciona (<a href="/wiki/Latinski" class="mw-redirect" title="Latinski">lat</a>. <i>reductio</i> = smanjenje).<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Razlike_između_mejoze_i_mitoze"><span id="Razlike_izme.C4.91u_mejoze_i_mitoze"></span>Razlike između mejoze i mitoze</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mejoza&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Uredi odlomak "Razlike između mejoze i mitoze"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mejoza&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Razlike između mejoze i mitoze"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Iako proces mejoze ima brojne sličnosti sa <a href="/wiki/Mitoza" title="Mitoza">mitozom</a>, razlikuje se u dva važna aspekta: </p> <table class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto"> <caption align="bottom" style="text-align:left;"> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Geneti%C4%8Dka_rekombinacija" title="Genetička rekombinacija">Rekombinacije</a> </th> <td>Mejoza </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Geneti%C4%8Dka_rekombinacija" title="Genetička rekombinacija">Genetička rekombinacija</a> <a href="/wiki/Gen" title="Gen">gena</a> između dva roditeljska hromosoma u <a href="/wiki/Homologni_hromosom" title="Homologni hromosom">homolognom paru</a>, što producira hromosome sa novim genetičkim kombinacijama u svakom generiranom <a href="/wiki/Gamet" title="Gamet">gametu</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mitoza </td> <td align="left">Duplira samo prethodne međufazne kombinacije i, ako je potrebno, popravlja teška oštećenja <a href="/wiki/DNK" class="mw-redirect" title="DNK">DNK</a>, obično između sestrinskih hromatida, bez miješanje u bilo kakve i koje <a href="/wiki/Gen" title="Gen">gene</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="2">Broj hromosoma (<a href="/wiki/Ploidija" title="Ploidija">ploidija</a>) </th> <td>Mejoza </td> <td align="left">Producira genetički nejednake – unikatne <a href="/wiki/Spol" title="Spol">spolne</a> ćelije, pri čemu svaka ima polovičan (<a href="/wiki/Ploidija" title="Ploidija">haploidni</a> ) broj roditeljskih hromosoma. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mitoza </td> <td align="left">Producira dvije genetički identične ćelije, od kojih svaka ima <a href="/wiki/Ploidija" title="Ploidija">diploidni</a> broj (jednostrukih) roditeljskih hromosoma (koji, u interfazi, nadomještaju nedostajuću hromatidu) </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>Mejoza počinje diploidnom ćelijom, koja sadrži dvije kopije svakog hromosoma, koji se nazivaju <a href="/wiki/Homologni_hromosom" title="Homologni hromosom">homolognim</a>. Prvo, ćelija prolazi kroz <a href="/wiki/Replikacija_DNK" title="Replikacija DNK">replikaciju DNK</a>, tako da se svaki homolog sada sastoji od dvije identične sestrinske hromatide. Zatim svaki set homologa međusobno razmjenjuje DNK <a href="/wiki/Homologna_rekombinacija" title="Homologna rekombinacija">homologna rekombinacija</a>, što je posljedica fizičke veze (<a href="/wiki/Crossingover" class="mw-redirect" title="Crossingover">crossing-overa</a>) između homologa. U prvoj mejotskoj podjeli, homologni hromosomi segregiraju u kćeri ćelije pomoću <a href="/wiki/Diobeno_vreteno" title="Diobeno vreteno">aparata diobenog vretena</a>. Ćelije potom ulaze u drugu diobu bez interventnog kruga replikacije <a href="/wiki/DNK" class="mw-redirect" title="DNK">DNK</a>. U drugoj diobi sestrinske hromatide se segregacijom odvoje u kćeri ćelije, od kojih nastaju ukupno četiri <a href="/wiki/Ploidija" title="Ploidija">haploidne</a> <a href="/wiki/Gamet" title="Gamet">gametne</a> ćelije. Ženke životinja imaju blagu varijaciju ovog obrasca i proizvedu jednu veliku <a href="/wiki/Jaje" title="Jaje">jajnu ćeliju</a> i dva mala polarna tijela. Zbog rekombinacije, pojedina hromatida se može sastojati od nove kombinacije gena majčinske i očeve DNK, što rezultira u potomcima koji se genetički razlikuju od bilo kojeg roditelja. Osim toga, pojedini gameti mogu uključivati i asortiman majke, djeda, i rekombinantnih hromatide. Ova <a href="/wiki/Geneti%C4%8Dka_raznolikost" title="Genetička raznolikost">genetička raznolikost</a> je rezultat <a href="/wiki/Spolno_razmno%C5%BEavanje" title="Spolno razmnožavanje">spolnog razmnožavanja</a> i doprinosi varijaciji <a href="/wiki/Osobina" title="Osobina">osobina</a>, nakon čega može djelovati <a href="/wiki/Prirodna_selekcija" class="mw-redirect" title="Prirodna selekcija">prirodna selekcija</a>. </p><p>Mejoza koristi mnoge iste mehanizme kao <a href="/wiki/Mitoza" title="Mitoza">mitoza</a>, tipa ćelijske diobe kod <a href="/wiki/Eukarioti" title="Eukarioti">eukariota</a>, kada se jedna ćelija podijeli u dvije identične ćerke ćelije. U nekih <a href="/wiki/Biljka" class="mw-redirect" title="Biljka">biljaka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gljiva" class="mw-redirect" title="Gljiva">gljiva</a> i <a href="/wiki/Protisti" title="Protisti">protista</a> rezultati mejoze formiraju <a href="/wiki/Spora" title="Spora">spore</a>: haploidne ćelije koje se mogu podijeliti vegetativno bez oplodnje. Neki eukarioti, poput <a href="/wiki/Rotifere" class="mw-redirect" title="Rotifere">bdeloidnih rotifera</a>, nemaju sposobnost za obavljanje mejoze i stekli su mogućnost reprodukcije putem <a href="/wiki/Partenogeneza" title="Partenogeneza">partenogeneze</a>. </p><p>Mejoza se ne javlja u <a href="/wiki/Archaea" title="Archaea">archaea</a> ili <a href="/wiki/Bakterija" title="Bakterija">bakterija</a>, koje se uglavnom razmnožavaju <a href="/wiki/Bespolno_razmno%C5%BEavanje" title="Bespolno razmnožavanje">aseksualnim procesima</a>, kao što je <a href="/w/index.php?title=Binarna_fisija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Binarna fisija (stranica ne postoji)">binarna fisija</a>. Međutim, "seksualni" proces poznat kao <a href="/w/index.php?title=Horizontalni_prijenos_gena&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Horizontalni prijenos gena (stranica ne postoji)">horizontalni prijenos gena</a> uključuje prijenos DNK iz jedne bakterije ili archaeae u drugu i rekombinacije ovih DNK molekula različitog roditeljskog porijekla. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Proces_mejoze">Proces mejoze</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mejoza&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Uredi odlomak "Proces mejoze"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mejoza&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Proces mejoze"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mejoza je specifična dioba ćelije koja rezultira polovičnim brojem hromosoma u četiri nove (haploidne) ćelije (od kojih nastaju <a href="/wiki/Gamet" title="Gamet">gameti</a>). Ovaj proces se odvija u svakoj seksualnoj reprodukciji eukariota (jednoćelijskim i višećelijskim), uključujući životinje, biljke i gljive. </p><p>U mejozi, replikacija <a href="/wiki/DNK" class="mw-redirect" title="DNK">DNK</a> molekule se odvija u dva stadija diobe ćelije da bi krajnji produkt bile četiri kćerke ćelije, koje imaju polovičan broj hromosoma u odnosnu na originalne, roditeljske ćelije. Dva poznata stadija u mejozi su označeni kao <i>mejoza I</i> i <i>mejoza II</i>. Prije nego mejoza počne, tokom S faze (faza sinteze) dolazi do replikacije molekule <a href="/wiki/DNK" class="mw-redirect" title="DNK">DNK</a>. U mejozi I, homologni hromosomi se „uparuju“ jedan s drugim tako da razmijenjuju <a href="/wiki/Genetika" title="Genetika">genetički</a> materijal u procesu koji se naziva krosingover (eng. <i>crossing over</i>). Homologni hromosomi se onda razdvoje na dvije kćerke ćelije, gdje svaka sadrži polovičan broj hromosoma roditeljske ćelije. Početkom anafaze I, upareni homologni hromosomi se razdvajaju, a svaki od njih nosi razmijenjeni segment (putem krosing overa) svog parnjaka. Ta pojava je osobito značajna za rekombinovanje roditeljskog genetičkog materijala. Na kraju mejoze I, sestre hromatide ostaju vezane i ne mogu se razdvojiti jedna od druge ukoliko je došlo do krosing overa. U mejozi II, dvije novonastale ćelije se dalje dijele. Međutim, mejoza II može početi i prije citokineze nakon mejoze II. Tokom ovog dijeljenja, sestre hromatide se odvajaju jedna od druge i razdvajaju se u četiri kćerke ćelije. Ove ćelije se razvijaju u gamete. </p><p>Činjenica da se tokom mejoze broj hromosoma polovi dozvoljava haploidnim gametima da, nakon međusobne fuzije (muških i ženskih, naprimjer oplodnjom) formiraju diploidni <a href="/wiki/Zigot" title="Zigot">zigot</a> koji se sastoji od mješavine majčinskih i očevih hromosoma. Dakle, mejoza i oplodnja olakšavaju seksualnu oplodnju, omogućavajući da generacije uspješno zadrže stalan broj hromosoma. Naprimjer, tipična diploidna ljudska ćelija sadrži 23 para hromosoma (ukupno 46, po 23 porijeklom od majke i oca). Mejozom se proizvode haploidni <a href="/wiki/Gamet" title="Gamet">gameti</a>, gdje svaki ima set od 23 <a href="/wiki/Hromosom" title="Hromosom">hromosoma</a>. Kada  se dva <a href="/wiki/Gamet" title="Gamet">gameta</a> ( muška i ženska polna ćelija) spoje rezultat je zigot koji je diploidan. Odnosno ćelija koja sadrži 23 hromosoma od majke i 23 hromosoma od oca.  </p><p>Mejoza je podijeljena na <i>mejozu I i mejozu II</i>. Mejoza I je podijeljena na četiri faze (profaza I, metafaza I, anafaza I i telefaza I). Mejoza II je podijeljena također na četiri faze (profaza II, metafaza II, anafaza II i telefaza II).  </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mejoza_I">Mejoza I</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mejoza&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Uredi odlomak "Mejoza I"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mejoza&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Mejoza I"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Meiosis_Overview.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Meiosis_Overview.svg/350px-Meiosis_Overview.svg.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="205" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Meiosis_Overview.svg/525px-Meiosis_Overview.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Meiosis_Overview.svg/700px-Meiosis_Overview.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption>Tok mejoze i rekombincija homolognih hromosoma putem <i>crossing-overa</i></figcaption></figure> <p>Mejoza, kao i mitoza započinje pripremom ćelije za predstojeću diobu. Dakle, prva odnosno početna faza mejoze je <b>Intefaza I</b>. Sama intefaza I je podijeljena na tri  faze: G1 faza, S faza i G2 faza. </p><p><i>G1 faza</i> – ovo je veoma aktivan period  u kojem  ćelija sintetizira ogroman niz proteina, uključujući  enzime i strukturne proteine koji su joj potrebni za rast. U G1 fazi svaki hromosom se sastoji od jedne molekule <a href="/wiki/DNK" class="mw-redirect" title="DNK">DNK</a>. </p><p><i>S faza</i> -  genetički materijal se replicira, odnosno ovo je faza kada dolazi do replikacije <a href="/wiki/DNK" class="mw-redirect" title="DNK">DNK</a>. </p><p><i>G2 faza</i> -  U ovoj fazi počinju krajnje pripreme ćelije za diobu. Sintetišu se ostali potrebni proteini, te počinje kondenzacija hromosoma što označava kraj interfaze i početak sljedeće faze u diobi ćelije. </p><p>Spiralizacija i prepoznatljivost <a href="/wiki/Hromosom" title="Hromosom">hromosoma</a> napreduju (zbog intenzivnijeg bojenja veće količine <a href="/wiki/DNK" class="mw-redirect" title="DNK">DNK</a> u relativno manjoj zapremini) od profaze ka metafazi I, a zatim slijedi obrnut proces, </p><p><b>Profaza I</b> </p><p>To je najduža faza mejoze. Tokom ove faze se razmijenjuje se <a href="/wiki/Genetika" title="Genetika">genetički</a> materijal između homolognih <a href="/wiki/Hromosom" title="Hromosom">hromosoma</a>, u procesu zvanom homologna rekombinacija. Homologna rekombinacija tokom mejoze proizvodi nove kombinacije sekvenci <a href="/wiki/DNK" class="mw-redirect" title="DNK">DNK</a>, zahvaljujući spomenutom krosing overu. Nove kombinacije DNK nastale tokom krosing overa su značajan izvor genetičke varijacije. Upareni i umnoženi hromosomi se nazivaju bivalentima ili tetradama zavisno da li mislimo na dva hromosoma ili četiri hromatide. Jedan hromosom je porijeklom od majke, drugi od oca. Proces uparivanja homolognih hromosoma se naziva <a href="/w/index.php?title=Konjugacija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konjugacija (stranica ne postoji)">konjugacija</a>, a počinje na mjestima označenim kao <a href="/wiki/Sinapsa" title="Sinapsa">sinapse</a> uz pomoću proteinskih struktura - <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sinaptonemnog_kompleksa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sinaptonemnog kompleksa (stranica ne postoji)">sinaptonemnog kompleksa</a>. Profaza se dijeli na četiri podfaze: leptoten,  zigoten, pahiten, diploten i dijakineza. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Crossover_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Crossover_2.jpg/300px-Crossover_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Crossover_2.jpg/450px-Crossover_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Crossover_2.jpg/600px-Crossover_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="540" /></a><figcaption>Proces krosing overa – genetičke rekombinacije roditeljskog genetičkog materijala. Majčinske <a href="/wiki/Hromatida" class="mw-redirect" title="Hromatida">hromatide</a> su crvene a očinske plave. Na suženjima (šavovima) su formirane <i>hijazme</i></figcaption></figure> <p><i><b>Leptoten</b></i> –  je početak profaze I, kada pojedinačni hromosomi (svaki sastavljen od dvije sestrinske <a href="/wiki/Hromatida" class="mw-redirect" title="Hromatida">hromatide</a>) izgledaju kao tanke izuvijane niti sa izraženom linearnom diferencijacijom. Udvostručeni hromosomi čine klupko ili razvučenu nitastu konfiguraciju. Na hromosomima se uočavaju <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hromomere&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hromomere (stranica ne postoji)">hromomere</a>, područja jače <a href="/w/index.php?title=Spiralizacija_hromosoma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spiralizacija hromosoma (stranica ne postoji)">spiralizacije hromosoma</a>. </p><p><i><b>Zigoten</b></i> – počinje uzdužnom konjugacijom – uparivanjem homolognih <a href="/wiki/Hromosom" title="Hromosom">hromosoma</a> tj. vezanja u <a href="/wiki/Bivalent" class="mw-redirect" title="Bivalent">bivalente</a>, homologne hromosomske parove (jedan porijeklom od majke a drugi od oca). Oni se međusobno spajaju složenom proteinskom strukturom koja se naziva <i>sinaptonemni kompleks</i>. Već je rečeno da je svaki hromosom sastavljen od dvije hromatide, tj. tada su <a href="/wiki/Bivalent" class="mw-redirect" title="Bivalent">bivalenti</a>, jer imaju četiri hromatide, zbog čega se i nazivaju <a href="/wiki/Tetrada" class="mw-redirect" title="Tetrada">tetrade</a> ( grč. <i>tetra</i> – četiri). <br />Dakle: </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Univalent" class="mw-redirect" title="Univalent">Univalent</a></b> je jedan <a href="/wiki/Hromosom" title="Hromosom">hromosom</a>, a dva su</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Bivalent" class="mw-redirect" title="Bivalent">Bivalent</a></b>;</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Monada" class="mw-redirect" title="Monada">Monada</a></b> je jedna <a href="/wiki/Hromatida" class="mw-redirect" title="Hromatida">hromatida</a>, a</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Dijada" class="mw-redirect" title="Dijada">Dijada</a></b> su dvije hromatide koje čine hromosom ili univalent,</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tetrada" class="mw-redirect" title="Tetrada">Tetrada</a></b> je sastavljena od četiri monade, tj. dva hromosoma i jednog bivalenta.</li></ul> <p><i><b>Pahiten</b></i> – je potfaza kada dolazi do formiranja hijazmi koje su preduvjet krosing overa, tj. rekombinacije roditeljskog <a href="/wiki/Genetika" title="Genetika">genetičkog</a> materijala. Hijazmama se vezuju <a href="/wiki/Hromatida" class="mw-redirect" title="Hromatida">hromatide</a> homolognih <a href="/wiki/Hromosom" title="Hromosom">hromosoma</a>. </p> <ul><li>Napomena:<br /> Na hijazmama, one početkom anafaze I pucaju, homologni hromosomi odnose rekombinirane dijelove hromatida, čime se ostvaruje rekombinacija roditeljskih <a href="/wiki/Gen" title="Gen">gena</a> (krosing over). Poslije razmjene, hromosom majke sadrži dio očevog homolognog hromosoma i obrnuto.</li></ul> <p>U pahitenu su hromosomi uočljivo kraći nego u zigotenu, što je posljedica približavanja susjednih zavoja hromoneme (poput skraćivanja opruge pod pritiskom). Koncem ove potfaze počinje djelimično razdvajanje konjugiranih homologa. </p><p><i><b>Diploten</b></i> – je faza u kojoj homologni hromosomi nastavljaju međusobno razdvajanje, ali ostaju povezani na mjestima hijazmi, gdje su čvrsto vezani. Položaj i broj hijazmi zavisi od morfologije i dužine hromosoma, a postoje i specijske razlike. Tako spojeni kompleksi bivalenata imaju različite oblike (u vidu broja <b>8</b>, slova <b>O</b> ili njihovih kombinacija, a bivalenti bez hijazmi (<i>neefektivna konjugacija</i>) se potpuno razdvajaju (u dva hromosoma oblika slova <b>I</b>). Hijazme ostaje postojane sve do anafaze I. </p><p><i><b>Dijakineza</b></i> – označava kraj prve mejotičke profaze, kada su tetrade sasvim uočljive. Od diplotenskih se razlikuju po nejasnijim obrisima i razilaženju uz jedrovu membranu, tako da dijakineza (pod <a href="/wiki/Optika" title="Optika">optičkim</a> <a href="/wiki/Mikroskop" title="Mikroskop">mikroskopom</a> ima najprepoznatljiviju konfiguraciju. Jedrova opna i <a href="/wiki/Jedarce" class="mw-redirect" title="Jedarce">jedarce</a> postupno dezintegriraju. </p> <ul><li>Prometafaza I je prelazni slijed pojava između profaze i metafaze mejoze I. Hromosomi putuju ka ekvatorskoj ravni ćelije i maksimalno se kondenziraju, a nastavlja se razlaganje jedarceta i jedrove membrane. Tada je najpouzdanije raspoznavanje individualne morfologije bivalenata i određivanje haploidnog broja hromosoma posmatrane <a href="/wiki/Vrsta" class="mw-disambig" title="Vrsta">vrste</a> <a href="/wiki/Organizam" class="mw-redirect" title="Organizam">organizama</a>.</li></ul> <p><b>Metafaza I</b> <br />Homologni parovi, odnosno bivalenti spojeni hijazmama se kače za mikrotubule diobenog vretena. Zatim se grupiraju u područje ćelijskog <a href="/wiki/Ekvator" title="Ekvator">ekvatora</a> gdje formiraju figuru koja se naziva ekvatorijalna ili metafazna ploča. Važno je naglasiti da se hromosomi ovdje nalaze u paru gdje jedan vodi porijeklo od majke, a drugi od oca. To je bitna razlika u odnosu na mitozu gdje su se na ekvatoru ćelije nalazili pojedinačni hromosomi. Centromere hromosoma se koncima diobenog vretena vezuju za polove ćelije (despiralizacijom hromoneme) pomoću hromosomskih niti, pri čemu se jedan hromosom koncima veže za jedan pol ćelije, a drugi hromosom za suprotni. </p><p><b>Anafaza I</b> <br />U ovoj fazi počinje razdvajanje homolognih hromosoma; hijazme pucaju i oni odlaze ka polovima ćelije.  Na oba pola odlaze polovične tetrade, tj rekombinirani univalenti (dijade). Dakle, broj hromosoma se smanjuje na pola, ali svaki hromosom sadrži dvije monade (jednu dijadu). U ovoj fazi, dakle dolazi do redukcije broja hromosoma. U ljudskim ćelijama ka polovima idu po  23 hromosoma i to po jedan hromosom iz svakog para hromosoma od 23 postojeća. Međutim, njihov <a href="/wiki/Genetika" title="Genetika">genetički</a> sadržaj je rekombinacija roditeljskih <a href="/wiki/Gen" title="Gen">gena</a>. Bitno je da se razdvajanje (segregacija) homolognih hromosoma (s obzirom na njihovo očevo ili majčino porijeklo) odvija nasumično što može rezultirati sa oko 8 miliona genotipski različitih gameta, ne računajući raznolikost uzrokovanu krosing-overom. </p><p><b>Telefaza I</b> <br />U ovoj fazi počinje i završava se kompletna citokineza. Nastaju dvije nove ćelije sa polovičnim brojem hromosoma. One su haploidne po broju hromosoma, ali diplodine po broju monada (hromatida) i lanaca <a href="/wiki/DNK" class="mw-redirect" title="DNK">DNK</a>, što će se u nastavku mejoze reducirati nastankom po četiri haploidne ćelije od kojih se dvije razgrađuju da bi se kao konačan proizvod dobile dvije definitivne haploidne muške i ženske <a href="/wiki/Spol" title="Spol">spolne</a> ćelije. Na kraju ove faze se formira jedrova opna oko kompleksa hromosoma i obrazuje se jedarce. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mejoza_II">Mejoza II</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mejoza&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Uredi odlomak "Mejoza II"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mejoza&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Mejoza II"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nakon mejoze I dolazi do ponovne pripreme ćelije za diobu, koja nije klasična interfaza, jer ne dolazi do replikacije <a href="/wiki/DNK" class="mw-redirect" title="DNK">DNK</a>. Ova faza se još naziva interkineza ili interfaza II. Njen tok liči na <a href="/wiki/Mitoza" title="Mitoza">mitozu</a>. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:MitosisAndMeiosis_de.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/MitosisAndMeiosis_de.png/250px-MitosisAndMeiosis_de.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="353" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/MitosisAndMeiosis_de.png/375px-MitosisAndMeiosis_de.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/MitosisAndMeiosis_de.png/500px-MitosisAndMeiosis_de.png 2x" data-file-width="1274" data-file-height="1800" /></a><figcaption>Poređenje podjele <a href="/wiki/Hromatida" class="mw-redirect" title="Hromatida">hromatida</a> i <a href="/wiki/Hromosom" title="Hromosom">hromosoma</a> tokom <a href="/wiki/Mitoza" title="Mitoza">mitoze</a> i mejoze u <a href="/wiki/%C4%8Covjek" title="Čovjek">ljudskoj</a> <a href="/wiki/%C4%86elije" class="mw-disambig" title="Ćelije">ćeliji</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Mejoza II također ima četiri faze: profaza II, metafaza II, anafaza II i telefaza II. Kraj ove faze rezultira nastankom četiri kćerke ćelije s haploidnim brojem hromosoma. </p><p><b>Profaza II</b> </p><p>U ovoj fazi se hromosomi spiralizuju i time skraćuju. Traje veoma kratko, a <a href="/wiki/Hromatida" class="mw-redirect" title="Hromatida">hromatide</a> su uočljivo razdvojene i spojene samo u području <a href="/wiki/Centromera" class="mw-redirect" title="Centromera">centromere</a>. </p><p><b>Metafaza II</b> </p><p>U ovoj fazi se hromosomi (<a href="/wiki/Dijada" class="mw-redirect" title="Dijada">dijade</a>) smještaju na ekvatorsku ravan (u <i>ekvatorsku ploču</i>) i pripremaju se za odvajanje hromatida (<a href="/wiki/Monada" class="mw-redirect" title="Monada">monade</a>) u sljedećoj fazi. Bitno su kraći nego u profazi II. Počinje formiranje niti i (hromosomskih) poluniti diobenog vretena. </p><p><b>Anafaza II</b> <br />Hromatide (monade) se razdvajaju i postaju samostalni hromosomi. Sada sestrinske hromatide postaju sestre hromosomi i povlače se prema suprotnim polovima ćelija. </p><p><b>Telofaza II</b> <br />Počinje i završava kao i telefaza I, dakle završetkom citokineze. Hromosomi se desipiralizuju, oblikuju se nova <a href="/wiki/Jedro" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Jedro">jedra</a> koja su genetički različita. Ovom fazom završava cijela mejoza i njen rezultat su četiri nove ćelije. U procesima <a href="/wiki/Spermatogeneza" title="Spermatogeneza">spermatogeneze</a> (spermiogeneze) i <a href="/wiki/Ovogeneza" title="Ovogeneza">ovogeneze</a> od njih će nastati muški ili ženski <a href="/wiki/Gamet" title="Gamet">gameti</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Važnost_mejoze"><span id="Va.C5.BEnost_mejoze"></span>Važnost mejoze</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mejoza&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Uredi odlomak "Važnost mejoze"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mejoza&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Važnost mejoze"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Osim već spomenute važnosti mejoze kao redukcione diobe koja omogućava konstantnost broja hromosoma svake vrste, bitno je napomenuti da mejoza omogućava <a href="/wiki/Geni" class="mw-redirect" title="Geni">gensku</a> rekombinaciju (različito razmještanje <a href="/wiki/Alel" title="Alel">alela</a>) i time osigurava genetičku raznolikost (varijabilnost) organizama iste vrste.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Također_pogledajte"><span id="Tako.C4.91er_pogledajte"></span>Također pogledajte</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mejoza&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Uredi odlomak "Također pogledajte"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mejoza&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Također pogledajte"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mitoza" title="Mitoza">Mitoza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hromosom" title="Hromosom">Hromosom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hromosomska_garnitura" title="Hromosomska garnitura">Hromosomska garnitura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spermatogeneza" title="Spermatogeneza">Spermatogeneza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ovogeneza" title="Ovogeneza">Ovogeneza</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reference">Reference</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mejoza&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Uredi odlomak "Reference"" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mejoza&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Reference"><span>uredi izvor</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3312388">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sofradžija A., Šoljan D., Hadžiselimović R. (2004): Biologija 1, Svjetlost, Sarajevo, <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Knji%C5%BEni_izvori/9958-10-686-8" title="Posebno:Knjižni izvori/9958-10-686-8">9958-10-686-8</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.pbf.hr/hr/content/download/3909/29084/version/1/file/Vjezba+9.pdf">http://www.pbf.hr/hr/content/download/3909/29084/version/1/file/Vjezba+9.pdf</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Mrtav_link" title="Wikipedia:Mrtav link"><span title=" Mrtav link od datuma Oktobar 2019">mrtav link</span></a></i>]</span></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p><br /> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3627399">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r3486241">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Commons logo"><img alt="Commons logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a><figcaption>Commons logo</figcaption></figure></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Po%C4%8Detna_strana" class="extiw" title="commons:Početna strana">Commons</a> ima datoteke na temu: <b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Meiosis?uselang=bs">Mejoza </a></span></b></div></div> </div></div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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