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Zafar</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Sayem Zafar"> <meta name="keywords" content="Sayem Zafar"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Sayem Zafar"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 77</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Sayem Zafar</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">77</span> The Development of Private Housing Schemes to Address the Housing Problem: A Case Study of Islamabad</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zafar%20Iqbal%20Zafar">Zafar Iqbal Zafar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdul%20Waheed"> Abdul Waheed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Capital Development Authority (CDA) Ordinance 1960 requires CDA to acquire land for the provision of housing in Islamabad. However, the pace of residential development was slow and the demand for housing was increasing rapidly. To resolve the growing housing problem, CDA involved the private sector in the development of housing schemes. Detailed bye-laws for regulation of private housing schemes were prepared and these bylaws were called “Modalities & Procedures”. This paper explains how the Modalities and Procedures of CDA have been successful in regulating the development of private housing schemes in Islamabad. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=housing%20schemes" title="housing schemes">housing schemes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=master%20plan" title=" master plan"> master plan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=development%20works" title=" development works"> development works</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zoning%20regulations" title=" zoning regulations"> zoning regulations</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145778/the-development-of-private-housing-schemes-to-address-the-housing-problem-a-case-study-of-islamabad" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/145778.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">201</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">76</span> Energy Harvesting and Storage System for Marine Applications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sayem%20Zafar">Sayem Zafar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahmood%20Rahi"> Mahmood Rahi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Rigorous international maritime regulations are in place to limit boat and ship hydrocarbon emissions. The global sustainability goals are reducing the fuel consumption and minimizing the emissions from the ships and boats. These maritime sustainability goals have attracted a lot of research interest. Energy harvesting and storage system is designed in this study based on hybrid renewable and conventional energy systems. This energy harvesting and storage system is designed for marine applications, such as, boats and small ships. These systems can be utilized for mobile use or off-grid remote electrification. This study analyzed the use of micro power generation for boats and small ships. The energy harvesting and storage system has two distinct systems i.e. dockside shore-based system and on-board system. The shore-based system consists of a small wind turbine, photovoltaic (PV) panels, small gas turbine, hydrogen generator and high-pressure hydrogen storage tank. This dockside system is to provide easy access to the boats and small ships for supply of hydrogen. The on-board system consists of hydrogen storage tanks and fuel cells. The wind turbine and PV panels generate electricity to operate electrolyzer. A small gas turbine is used as a supplementary power system to contribute in case the hybrid renewable energy system does not provide the required energy. The electrolyzer performs the electrolysis on distilled water to produce hydrogen. The hydrogen is stored in high-pressure tanks. The hydrogen from the high-pressure tank is filled in the low-pressure tanks on-board seagoing vessels to operate the fuel cell. The boats and small ships use the hydrogen fuel cell to provide power to electric propulsion motors and for on-board auxiliary use. For shore-based system, a small wind turbine with the total length of 4.5 m and the disk diameter of 1.8 m is used. The small wind turbine dimensions make it big enough to be used to charge batteries yet small enough to be installed on the rooftops of dockside facility. The small dimensions also make the wind turbine easily transportable. In this paper, PV, sizing and solar flux are studied parametrically. System performance is evaluated under different operating and environmental conditions. The parametric study is conducted to evaluate the energy output and storage capacity of energy storage system. Results are generated for a wide range of conditions to analyze the usability of hybrid energy harvesting and storage system. This energy harvesting method significantly improves the usability and output of the renewable energy sources. It also shows that small hybrid energy systems have promising practical applications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20harvesting" title="energy harvesting">energy harvesting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuel%20cell" title=" fuel cell"> fuel cell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hybrid%20energy%20system" title=" hybrid energy system"> hybrid energy system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrogen" title=" hydrogen"> hydrogen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind%20turbine" title=" wind turbine"> wind turbine</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104305/energy-harvesting-and-storage-system-for-marine-applications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104305.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">137</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">75</span> Performance Evaluation of Routing Protocols in Vehicular Adhoc Networks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salman%20Naseer">Salman Naseer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Usman%20Zafar"> Usman Zafar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iqra%20Zafar"> Iqra Zafar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study explores the implication of Vehicular Adhoc Network (VANET) - in the rural and urban scenarios that is one domain of Mobile Adhoc Network (MANET). VANET provides wireless communication between vehicle to vehicle and also roadside units. The Federal Commission Committee of United States of American has been allocated 75 MHz of the spectrum band in the 5.9 GHz frequency range for dedicated short-range communications (DSRC) that are specifically designed to enhance any road safety applications and entertainment/information applications. There are several vehicular related projects viz; California path, car 2 car communication consortium, the ETSI, and IEEE 1609 working group that have already been conducted to improve the overall road safety or traffic management. After the critical literature review, the selection of routing protocols is determined, and its performance was well thought-out in the urban and rural scenarios. Numerous routing protocols for VANET are applied to carry out current research. Its evaluation was conceded with the help of selected protocols through simulation via performance metric i.e. throughput and packet drop. Excel and Google graph API tools are used for plotting the graphs after the simulation results in order to compare the selected routing protocols which result with each other. In addition, the sum of the output from each scenario was computed to undoubtedly present the divergence in results. The findings of the current study present that DSR gives enhanced performance for low packet drop and high throughput as compared to AODV and DSDV in an urban congested area and in rural environments. On the other hand, in low-density area, VANET AODV gives better results as compared to DSR. The worth of the current study may be judged as the information exchanged between vehicles is useful for comfort, safety, and entertainment. Furthermore, the communication system performance depends on the way routing is done in the network and moreover, the routing of the data based on protocols implement in the network. The above-presented results lead to policy implication and develop our understanding of the broader spectrum of VANET. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AODV" title="AODV">AODV</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DSDV" title=" DSDV"> DSDV</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DSR" title=" DSR"> DSR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adhoc%20network" title=" Adhoc network"> Adhoc network</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66557/performance-evaluation-of-routing-protocols-in-vehicular-adhoc-networks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66557.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">286</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">74</span> Software Architectural Design Ontology</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Irfan%20Marwat">Muhammad Irfan Marwat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sadaqat%20Jan"> Sadaqat Jan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Syed%20Zafar%20Ali%20Shah"> Syed Zafar Ali Shah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Software architecture plays a key role in software development but absence of formal description of software architecture causes different impede in software development. To cope with these difficulties, ontology has been used as artifact. This paper proposes ontology for software architectural design based on IEEE model for architecture description and Kruchten 4+1 model for viewpoints classification. For categorization of style and views, ISO/IEC 42010 has been used. Corpus method has been used to evaluate ontology. The main aim of the proposed ontology is to classify and locate software architectural design information. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=semantic-based%20software%20architecture" title="semantic-based software architecture">semantic-based software architecture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=software%20architecture" title=" software architecture"> software architecture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ontology" title=" ontology"> ontology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=software%20engineering" title=" software engineering"> software engineering</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2056/software-architectural-design-ontology" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2056.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">548</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">73</span> Impact of Emotional Intelligence on Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment: A Study on Young Doctors of Pakistan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aisha%20Khalid">Aisha Khalid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Talha%20Aftab"> Talha Aftab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fareeha%20Zafar"> Fareeha Zafar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper investigates the impact of emotional intelligence on job satisfaction and organizational commitment at workplace in the doctors; age ranging from 25 to 32 years. Job satisfaction and organizational commitment have been considered as important issue in terms of high quality services and superior performance. This paper presents a field survey conducted in 9 different public sector hospitals which operate in Punjab, Pakistan. 250 questionnaires were distributed out of which 180 returned back were showing 72% response rate, confirming the significant positive relationship between emotional intelligence and job satisfaction and emotional intelligence and organizational commitment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emotional%20intelligence" title="emotional intelligence">emotional intelligence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=job%20satisfaction" title=" job satisfaction"> job satisfaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organizational%20commitment" title=" organizational commitment"> organizational commitment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=young%20doctors" title=" young doctors"> young doctors</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5669/impact-of-emotional-intelligence-on-job-satisfaction-and-organizational-commitment-a-study-on-young-doctors-of-pakistan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5669.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">573</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">72</span> Tracing the Evolution of English and Urdu Languages: A Linguistic and Cultural Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aamna%20Zafar">Aamna Zafar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Through linguistic and cultural analysis, this study seeks to trace the development of the English and Urdu languages. Along with examining how the vocabulary and syntax of English and Urdu have evolved over time and the linguistic trends that may be seen in these changes, this study will also look at the historical and cultural influences that have shaped the languages throughout time. The study will also look at how English and Urdu have changed over time, both in terms of language use and communication inside each other's cultures and globally. We'll research how these changes affect social relations and cultural identity, as well as how they might affect the future of these languages. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=linguistic%20and%20cultural%20analysis" title="linguistic and cultural analysis">linguistic and cultural analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=historical%20factors" title=" historical factors"> historical factors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cultural%20factors" title=" cultural factors"> cultural factors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vocabulary" title=" vocabulary"> vocabulary</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=syntax" title=" syntax"> syntax</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=significance" title=" significance"> significance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/176314/tracing-the-evolution-of-english-and-urdu-languages-a-linguistic-and-cultural-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/176314.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">75</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">71</span> Peat Resources, Paleo-Environmental Interpretation as well as Their Utilization, Hakaluki Haor, Moulvibazar and Sylhet District, Bangladesh</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20Masum">Mohammed Masum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Omer%20Faruk%20Khan"> Mohammad Omer Faruk Khan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Md.%20Nazwanul%20Haque"> Md. Nazwanul Haque</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anwar%20Sadat%20Md.%20Sayem"> Anwar Sadat Md. Sayem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Md.%20Azhar%20Hossain"> Md. Azhar Hossain </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study area is the Hakaluki Haor which is the second largest wet land of Bangladesh. It spans over the districts of Moulvibazar and Sylhet in southeast Bangladesh. The study was focused in the exploration of peat reserve, reconstruction of the paleo-environment as well as the utilization of the peat resources. Peat is found randomly from 0.5 m to 7 m below the surface and 1 m to 11 m thickness at over 40 beels as well as small plain lands of 90 km2 area of Hakaluki Haor. The total reserve of peat is 282 million ton in wet condition and 112 million ton in dry condition. The peat deposits of Hakaluki Haor area is the largest peat reserves of the Bangladesh. Peat bearing Hakaluki Haor is a low-lying wet land which geological term is synclinal depression. It may be a syncline between two anticlines which was filled with sediments as well as various plant materials derived from the hilly region (anticline) on both sides (west and east) of the Haor. The transportation may be triggered by large natural disasters or any tectonic reason. On the other hand vegetation occurred in this depression as aquatic plants which might have been destroyed by large natural disasters or any tectonic reason. As environment dictates the characteristics and the source of sediments, various aspects of the sediment are indicators of the environment. Peat has mainly industrial importance as a fuel for power production, traditionally used for cooking, domestic heating and in brick fields, also used as insulator in many industries, agricultural purposes, retaining moisture in soil, raw material in horticulture and colour industries etc. Power plants of about 100 MW capacities may be established in this region based on peat of Hakaluki Haor which may be continued more than one hundred years. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=peat" title="peat">peat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pale%20environment" title=" pale environment"> pale environment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hakaluki%20Haor" title=" Hakaluki Haor"> Hakaluki Haor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=beel" title=" beel"> beel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=syncline" title=" syncline"> syncline</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anticline" title=" anticline"> anticline</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15987/peat-resources-paleo-environmental-interpretation-as-well-as-their-utilization-hakaluki-haor-moulvibazar-and-sylhet-district-bangladesh" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15987.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">421</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">70</span> Ontology-Based Representation of Islamic Rules to Perform Salah</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamza%20Zafar">Hamza Zafar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Quratulain%20Rajput"> Quratulain Rajput</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Salah (نماز ) is one of five pillars of Islam and obligatory for every Muslims. However, due to the lack of Islamic knowledge it might be very difficult for a layperson to perform it correctly. This paper presents an ontology based representation of Islamic rules to perform Salah. The Salah ontology has been built under the guidance of domain expert in light of Quran and Hadith. The ontology consists of basic concepts as well as relationship among concepts and constraints on them. The basic concepts include cleanness, body cover, Salah timing and steps to perform Salah. The SWRL rule language has been used to represent rule to determine whether the Salah performed correctly or it should be repeated. Finally, we evaluate the use of the Salat ontology through user’s example queries using SPARQL queries. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prayer" title="prayer">prayer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=salah" title=" salah"> salah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ontology" title=" ontology"> ontology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SPARQL%20queries" title=" SPARQL queries"> SPARQL queries</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reasoning" title=" reasoning"> reasoning</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49552/ontology-based-representation-of-islamic-rules-to-perform-salah" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49552.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">417</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">69</span> Mutational Analysis of DNase I Gene in Diabetic Patients</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hateem%20Zafar%20Kayani">Hateem Zafar Kayani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nageen%20Hussain"> Nageen Hussain</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The main aim is to analyze the mutations of DNASE I gene in diabetic patients. A total of 120 diabetes patients and 120 controls were sampled. The total number of male diabetic patients included in the study was 79 (66%) while female patients were 41 (34%) in number. Exon 8 of the DNASE I gene was amplified by using thermo cycler. The possible band of interest was located at 165 base pairs. Two samples showed similar missense mutations at 127th position of exon 8 which replaced amino acid Arginine (Arg) to Glutamine (Gln). All controls showed no mutations. The association of diabetes with different levels of blood pressure and body mass index (BMI) were found to be significant. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deoxyribonuclease%20I" title="deoxyribonuclease I">deoxyribonuclease I</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polymerase%20chain%20reaction" title=" polymerase chain reaction"> polymerase chain reaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=insulin-dependent%20diabetes%20mellitus" title=" insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus"> insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-insulin%20dependent%20diabetes%20mellitus" title=" non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus"> non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13013/mutational-analysis-of-dnase-i-gene-in-diabetic-patients" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13013.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">325</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">68</span> Differential Antibrucella Activity of Bovine and Murine Macrophages</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raheela%20Akhtar">Raheela Akhtar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zafar%20Iqbal%20Chaudhary"> Zafar Iqbal Chaudhary</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yongqun%20Oliver%20He"> Yongqun Oliver He</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Younus"> Muhammad Younus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aftab%20Ahmad%20Anjum"> Aftab Ahmad Anjum</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Brucella abortus is an intracellular pathogen affecting macrophages. Macrophages release some components such as lysozymes (LZ), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrite intermediates (RNI) which are important tools against intracellular survival of Brucella. The antibrucella activity of bovine and murine macrophages was compared following stimulation with Brucella abortus lipopolysaccharides. Our results revealed that murine macrophages were ten times more potent to produce antibrucella components than bovine macrophages. The differential production of these components explained the differential Brucella killing ability of these species that was measured in terms of intramacrophagic survival of Brucella in murine and bovine macrophages. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bovine%20macrophages" title="bovine macrophages">bovine macrophages</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Brucella%20abortus" title=" Brucella abortus"> Brucella abortus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cell%20stimulation" title=" cell stimulation"> cell stimulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cytokines" title=" cytokines"> cytokines</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Murine%20macrophages" title=" Murine macrophages"> Murine macrophages</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14729/differential-antibrucella-activity-of-bovine-and-murine-macrophages" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14729.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">559</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">67</span> Chemical Bath Deposition Technique (CBD) of Cds Used in Closed Space Sublimation (CSS) of CdTe Solar Cell</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zafar%20Mahmood">Zafar Mahmood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fahimullah%20Babar"> Fahimullah Babar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Surriyia%20Naz"> Surriyia Naz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hafiz%20Ur%20Rehman"> Hafiz Ur Rehman</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cadmium Sulphide (CdS) was deposited on a Tec 15 glass substrate with the help of CBD (chemical bath deposition process) and then cadmium telluride CdTe was deposited on CdS with the help of CSS (closed spaced sublimation technique) for the construction of a solar cell. The thicknesses of all the deposited materials were measured with the help of Elipsometry. The IV graphs were drawn in order to observe the current voltage output. The efficiency of the cell was graphed with the fill factor as well (graphs not given here).The efficiency came out to be approximately 16.5 % and the CIGS (copper- indium –gallium- selenide) maximum efficiency is 20 %.The efficiency of a solar cell can further be enhanced by adapting quality materials, good experimental devices and proper procedures. The grain size was analyzed with the help of scanning electron microscope using RBS (Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CBD" title="CBD">CBD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CdS" title=" CdS"> CdS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CdTe" title=" CdTe"> CdTe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CSS" title=" CSS"> CSS</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62708/chemical-bath-deposition-technique-cbd-of-cds-used-in-closed-space-sublimation-css-of-cdte-solar-cell" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62708.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">364</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">66</span> A Conceptual Framework of Digital Twin for Homecare</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raja%20Omman%20Zafar">Raja Omman Zafar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yves%20Rybarczyk"> Yves Rybarczyk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Johan%20Borg"> Johan Borg</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This article proposes a conceptual framework for the application of digital twin technology in home care. The main goal is to bridge the gap between advanced digital twin concepts and their practical implementation in home care. This study uses a literature review and thematic analysis approach to synthesize existing knowledge and proposes a structured framework suitable for homecare applications. The proposed framework integrates key components such as IoT sensors, data-driven models, cloud computing, and user interface design, highlighting the importance of personalized and predictive homecare solutions. This framework can significantly improve the efficiency, accuracy, and reliability of homecare services. It paves the way for the implementation of digital twins in home care, promoting real-time monitoring, early intervention, and better outcomes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digital%20twin" title="digital twin">digital twin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=homecare" title=" homecare"> homecare</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=older%20adults" title=" older adults"> older adults</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=healthcare" title=" healthcare"> healthcare</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IoT" title=" IoT"> IoT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificial%20intelligence" title=" artificial intelligence"> artificial intelligence</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/184065/a-conceptual-framework-of-digital-twin-for-homecare" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/184065.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">71</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">65</span> Evidence on Scale Economies in National Bank of Pakistan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sohail%20Zafar">Sohail Zafar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sardar%20Javaid%20Iqbal%20Khan"> Sardar Javaid Iqbal Khan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We use a parametric approach within a translog cost function framework to estimate the economies of scale in National Bank of Pakistan from 1997 to 2013. The results indicate significant economies of scale throughout the sample at aggregates and disaggregates taking in account size subject to stipulation ownership. The factor markets often produce scale inefficiencies in the banking of developing countries like Pakistan such inefficiencies are common due to distortion in factor markets leading to the use of inappropriate factor proportions. The findings suggest that National Bank of Pakistan diversify their asset portfolios that it has cost advantage, therefore, expansion in size should be encouraged under current technology because it appears to be cost effective. In addition, our findings support the implementation of universal banking model in Pakistan. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scale%20economies" title="scale economies">scale economies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cost%20function" title=" cost function"> cost function</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=disaggregates" title=" disaggregates"> disaggregates</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aggregates" title=" aggregates"> aggregates</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51294/evidence-on-scale-economies-in-national-bank-of-pakistan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51294.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">325</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">64</span> Physico-Chemical Analysis of the Reclaimed Land Area of Kasur</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shiza%20Zafar">Shiza Zafar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The tannery effluents contaminated about 400 acres land area in Kasur, Pakistan, has been reclaimed by removing polluted water after the long term effluent logging from the nearby tanneries. In an effort to describe the status of reclaimed soil for agricultural practices, the results of physicochemical analysis of the soil are reported in this article. The concentrations of the parameters such as pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC), Organic Matter (OM), Organic Carbon (OC), Available Phosphorus (P), Potassium (K), and Sodium (Na) were determined by standard methods of analysis and results were computed and compared with various international standards for agriculture recommended by international organizations, groups of experts and or individual researchers. The results revealed that pH, EC, OM, OC, K, and Na are in accordance with the prescribed limits but P in soil exceeds the satisfactory range of P in agricultural soil. Thus, the reclaimed soil in Kasur can be inferred fit for the purpose of agricultural activities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20toxicity" title="soil toxicity">soil toxicity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=agriculture" title=" agriculture"> agriculture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reclaimed%20land" title=" reclaimed land"> reclaimed land</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physico-chemical%20analysis" title=" physico-chemical analysis"> physico-chemical analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26238/physico-chemical-analysis-of-the-reclaimed-land-area-of-kasur" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26238.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">379</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">63</span> The Mediation Effect of Customer Satisfaction in the Relationship between Service Quality, Corporate Image to Customer Loyalty</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rizwan%20Ali">Rizwan Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hammad%20Zafar"> Hammad Zafar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of this research is to investigate the mediation effect of customer satisfaction in the relationship between service quality, corporate image to customer loyalty, in Pakistan banking sector. The population of this research is banking customers and sample size of 210 respondents. This research uses the SPSS, Correlation, ANOVA and regression analysis techniques along with AMOS methods. The service quality and corporate image applied by the banks are not all variables can directly affect customer loyalty, but must first going through satisfaction. Which means that banks must first need to understand what the customer basic needs through variable service quality and corporate image so that the customers feel loyal when the level of satisfaction is resolved. The service quality provided by the banking industry needs to be improved in order to improve customer satisfaction and loyalty of banking services, especially for banks in Pakistan. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=customer%20loyalty" title="customer loyalty">customer loyalty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=service%20quality" title=" service quality"> service quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corporate%20image" title=" corporate image"> corporate image</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=customer%20satisfaction" title=" customer satisfaction"> customer satisfaction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154550/the-mediation-effect-of-customer-satisfaction-in-the-relationship-between-service-quality-corporate-image-to-customer-loyalty" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154550.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">103</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">62</span> Telecom Infrastructure Outsourcing: An Innovative Approach </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Irfan%20Zafar">Irfan Zafar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Over the years the Telecom Industry in the country has shown a lot of progress in terms of infrastructure development coupled with the availability of telecom services. This has however led to the cut throat completion among various operators thus leading to reduced tariffs to the customers. The profit margins have seen a reduction thus leading the operators to think of other avenues by adopting new models while keeping the quality of service intact. The outsourcing of the network and the resources is one such model which has shown promising benefits which includes lower costs, less risk, higher levels of customer support and engagement, predictable expenses, access to the emerging technologies, benefiting from a highly skilled workforce, adaptability, focus on the core business while reducing capital costs. A lot of research has been done on outsourcing in terms of reasons of outsourcing and its benefits. However this study is an attempt to analyze the effects of the outsourcing on an organizations performance (Telecommunication Sector) considering the variables (1) Cost Reduction (2) Organizational Performance (3) Flexibility (4) Employee Performance (5) Access to Specialized Skills & Technology and the (6) Outsourcing Risks. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=outsourcing" title="outsourcing">outsourcing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ICT" title=" ICT"> ICT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=telecommunication" title=" telecommunication"> telecommunication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IT" title=" IT"> IT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=networking" title=" networking "> networking </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31310/telecom-infrastructure-outsourcing-an-innovative-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31310.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">398</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">61</span> Morphometric Relationships of Unfarmed Puntius sophore, Collected from Chenab River, Punjab, Pakistan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alina%20Zafar">Alina Zafar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this particular research, various morphometric characters such as total length (TL), wet weight (WW), standard length (SL), fork length (FL), head length (HL), head width (HW), body depth (BD), body girth (BG), dorsal fin length (DFL), pelvic fin length (PelFL), pectoral fin length (PecFL), anal fin length (AFL), dorsal fin base (DFB), anal fin base (AFB), caudal fin length (CFL) and caudal fin width (CFW) of wild collected Puntius sophore were studied, to know the types of growth patterns and correlations in reference to length and weight, however, high significant relationships were recorded between total length and wet weight, as the correlation coefficient (r) possessed value of 0.989. The growth pattern was observed to be positively allometric as the value of ‘b’ was 3.22 (slightly higher than the ideal value, 3) with 95% confidence intervals ranging from 3.076 to 3.372. Wet weight and total length parameters showed high significant correlations (p < 0.001) with all other morphometric characters. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Puntius%20sophore" title="Puntius sophore">Puntius sophore</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=length%20and%20weight%20relation" title=" length and weight relation"> length and weight relation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=morphometrics" title=" morphometrics"> morphometrics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=small%20indigenous%20species" title=" small indigenous species"> small indigenous species</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148719/morphometric-relationships-of-unfarmed-puntius-sophore-collected-from-chenab-river-punjab-pakistan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148719.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">104</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">60</span> Performance Analysis of Routing Protocols for WLAN Based Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Noman%20Shabbir">Noman Shabbir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Roheel%20Nawaz"> Roheel Nawaz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20N.%20Iqbal"> Muhammad N. Iqbal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Junaid%20Zafar"> Junaid Zafar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper focuses on the performance evaluation of routing protocols in WLAN based Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). A comparative analysis of routing protocols such as Ad-hoc On-demand Distance Vector Routing System (AODV), Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) and Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR) is been made against different network parameters like network load, end to end delay and throughput in small, medium and large-scale sensor network scenarios to identify the best performing protocol. Simulation results indicate that OLSR gives minimum network load in all three scenarios while AODV gives the best throughput in small scale network but in medium and large scale networks, DSR is better. In terms of delay, OLSR is more efficient in small and medium scale network while AODV is slightly better in large networks. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=WLAN" title="WLAN">WLAN</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=WSN" title=" WSN"> WSN</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AODV" title=" AODV"> AODV</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DSR" title=" DSR"> DSR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=OLSR" title=" OLSR"> OLSR</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48412/performance-analysis-of-routing-protocols-for-wlan-based-wireless-sensor-networks-wsns" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/48412.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">448</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">59</span> Paucity of Trauma Literature from a Highly Burdened Developing Country</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rizwan%20Sultan">Rizwan Sultan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hasnain%20Zafar"> Hasnain Zafar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Trauma is the leading cause of death among young population not only in USA but Pakistan as well. The high prevalence of disease should result in larger amount of data and larger number of publications resulting in exploring room for improvement in the field. We aimed to review trauma literature generated from Pakistan in journals indexed with PubMed from January 2010 to December 2014. Search using term “Trauma AND Pakistan” filtering for relevant dates and species human was done on Pubmed. The abstracts and articles were reviewed by the authors to collect data on a preformed performa. 114 articles were published from Pakistan during these 5 years. 64% articles were published in international journals. 63% articles were published in journals with impact factor less than 1. 54% articles were published from one of the four provinces of Pakistan. 64% of articles provided level 4 while 14% articles provided level 5 evidence on the topic. 55% articles discussed epidemiology in non-representative populations. Trauma literature from Pakistan is not only lacking significantly but is also of poor quality and is unable to offer conclusions on this particular subject. There is a lot of space for improvement in the upcoming years. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trauma" title="trauma">trauma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=literature" title=" literature"> literature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pakistan" title=" Pakistan"> Pakistan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=level%20of%20evidence" title=" level of evidence"> level of evidence</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38720/paucity-of-trauma-literature-from-a-highly-burdened-developing-country" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38720.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">331</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">58</span> Socio-Demographic Predictors of Divorce Adjustment in Pakistani Women</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rukhsana%20Kausar">Rukhsana Kausar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nida%20Zafar"> Nida Zafar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present research investigated socio-demographic predictors of divorce adjustment in Pakistani women. The sample comprised of 80 divorced women from different areas of Lahore. Self developed Socio-Demographic predictor scale and Divorce Adjustment Scale by (Fisher, 2001) was used for assessment. Analyses showed that working divorced women living with joint family system are more adjusted as compared to non-working divorced women living with joint family system. Women having one child are more adjusted as compared to women having more than one child. Findings highlight importance of presence of father for healthy development of adolescents. Adjustment of divorcee women was positively associated with income, social support from the family, having favorable attitudes toward marital dissolution prior to divorce, and being the partner who initiated the divorce. In addition, older women showed some evidence of poorer adjustment than did younger women. Findings highlight importance of support for divorce adjustment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=socio-demographic" title="socio-demographic">socio-demographic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adjustment" title=" adjustment"> adjustment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=women" title=" women"> women</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=divorce" title=" divorce"> divorce</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28156/socio-demographic-predictors-of-divorce-adjustment-in-pakistani-women" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28156.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">468</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">57</span> Determining the Most Efficient Test Available in Software Testing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qasim%20Zafar">Qasim Zafar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Matthew%20Anderson"> Matthew Anderson</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Esteban%20Garcia"> Esteban Garcia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Steven%20Drager"> Steven Drager</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Software failures can present an enormous detriment to people's lives and cost millions of dollars to repair when they are unexpectedly encountered in the wild. Despite a significant portion of the software development lifecycle and resources are dedicated to testing, software failures are a relatively frequent occurrence. Nevertheless, the evaluation of testing effectiveness remains at the forefront of ensuring high-quality software and software metrics play a critical role in providing valuable insights into quantifiable objectives to assess the level of assurance and confidence in the system. As the selection of appropriate metrics can be an arduous process, the goal of this paper is to shed light on the significance of software metrics by examining a range of testing techniques and metrics as well as identifying key areas for improvement. Additionally, through this investigation, readers will gain a deeper understanding of how metrics can help to drive informed decision-making on delivering high-quality software and facilitate continuous improvement in testing practices. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=software%20testing" title="software testing">software testing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=software%20metrics" title=" software metrics"> software metrics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=testing%20effectiveness" title=" testing effectiveness"> testing effectiveness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=black%20box%20testing" title=" black box testing"> black box testing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=random%20testing" title=" random testing"> random testing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adaptive%20random%20testing" title=" adaptive random testing"> adaptive random testing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=combinatorial%20testing" title=" combinatorial testing"> combinatorial testing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuzz%20testing" title=" fuzz testing"> fuzz testing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=equivalence%20partition" title=" equivalence partition"> equivalence partition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=boundary%20value%20analysis" title=" boundary value analysis"> boundary value analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=white%20box%20testing" title=" white box testing"> white box testing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169666/determining-the-most-efficient-test-available-in-software-testing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169666.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">89</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">56</span> Role of Medicinal Plants in Treatment of Diseases and Drug Discovery in Azad Kashmir, Pakistan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Neelam%20Rashid">Neelam Rashid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Zafar"> Muhammad Zafar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mushtaq%20Ahmad"> Mushtaq Ahmad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khafsa%20Malik"> Khafsa Malik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Syed%20Nasar%20Shah"> Syed Nasar Shah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present study was conducted to study the role of medicinal plants used to cure different ailments in Azad Kashmir. Various ethno medicinal surveys were carried out during 2016 to enlist the uses of plants against various ailments by rural communities of the area. Information was obtained from 60 local people including 45 males (10 traditional health practitioners) and 15 females by semi structured interviews and group discussions. 65 plant species belonging to 45 families were reported. The dominant plant habit was herbaceous (56%) while decoction was the most common method of utilization (40%). The most cited turmoil was the gastrointestinal disorders. The data obtained were analyzed using ethno medicinal indices such as FL, UV, ICF, FC, and RFC. Results revealed that various species had numerous uses in curing of diseases. So conservation of biodiversity of these medicinal plants and traditional knowledge can play important role in improving the local health conditions of rural people and modern drug discovery and development. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=medicinal%20plants" title="medicinal plants">medicinal plants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ailments" title=" ailments"> ailments</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drug" title=" drug"> drug</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=health" title=" health"> health</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traditional" title=" traditional"> traditional</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85709/role-of-medicinal-plants-in-treatment-of-diseases-and-drug-discovery-in-azad-kashmir-pakistan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85709.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">249</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">55</span> Case for Simulating Consumer Response to Feed in Tariff Based on Socio-Economic Parameters</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fahad%20Javed">Fahad Javed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tasneem%20Akhter"> Tasneem Akhter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maria%20Zafar"> Maria Zafar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adnan%20Shafique"> Adnan Shafique</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Evaluation and quantification of techniques is critical element of research and development of technology. Simulations and models play an important role in providing the tools for such assessments. When we look at technologies which impact or is dependent on an average Joe consumer then modeling the socio-economic and psychological aspects of the consumer also gain an importance. For feed in tariff for home consumers which is being deployed for average consumer may force many consumers to be adapters of the technology. Understanding how consumers will adapt this technologies thus hold as much significance as evaluating how the techniques would work in consumer agnostic scenarios. In this paper we first build the case for simulators which accommodate socio-economic realities of the consumers to evaluate smart grid technologies, provide a glossary of data that can aid in this effort and present an abstract model to capture and simulate consumers' adaptation and behavioral response to smart grid technologies. We provide a case study to express the power of such simulators. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=smart%20grids" title="smart grids">smart grids</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simulation" title=" simulation"> simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=socio-economic%20parameters" title=" socio-economic parameters"> socio-economic parameters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=feed%20in%20tariff%20%28FiT%29" title=" feed in tariff (FiT)"> feed in tariff (FiT)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forecasting" title=" forecasting"> forecasting</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63585/case-for-simulating-consumer-response-to-feed-in-tariff-based-on-socio-economic-parameters" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63585.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">358</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">54</span> Bilateral Trade Costs Analysis of Policy Barriers for Growth Oriented Strategies in Exports</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shabana%20Noureen">Shabana Noureen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zafar%20Mahmood"> Zafar Mahmood</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Economies consistently engage in trade across borders and face tariff, non-tariff barriers and other quotas that constitute trade costs. The trade costs imposed by policy barriers on exports are considered an impediment in the export growth rate. This work aims to measure over-year trends in total and bilateral trade costs and their trends in relevance to policy barriers (tariff and non-tariff). The analysis through the micro-founded theoretically based gravity model showed that the total trade costs have a general decreasing trend in the world while in the case of developing countries, the rate by which these trends decline is very low. Bilateral trade cost estimates associated with the policy barriers represent that the non-tariff barriers in a developing country have a major role in sustaining the high trade costs as compared to the tariff barriers. This ultimately leads to a low net declining rate. This work emphasizes that for developing countries the non-tariff barriers are a major factor that renders their exports and to be uncompetitive in the world market. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trade%20costs" title="trade costs">trade costs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=policy%20barriers" title=" policy barriers"> policy barriers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tariff%20barriers" title=" tariff barriers"> tariff barriers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-tariff%20barriers" title=" non-tariff barriers"> non-tariff barriers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trade%20policies" title=" trade policies"> trade policies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=export%20growth" title=" export growth"> export growth</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129564/bilateral-trade-costs-analysis-of-policy-barriers-for-growth-oriented-strategies-in-exports" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129564.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">264</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">53</span> A Critical Discourse Study of Gender Identity Issues in Daniyal Mueenuddin’s Short Story “Saleema”</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zafar%20Ali">Zafar Ali</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this research is to highlight problems that are faced by women at the hands of men. Males in Pakistani society have power and use this power for the exploitation of women. Further, the purpose of the study is to make societies like Pakistan and especially the young generation, aware and enable them to resist such issues, and the role of discourse in this regard is to minimize its political and social repercussions. The study finds out different discursive techniques and manipulative language used in the short story to construct gender identity. The study also investigates socio-economic roles in the construction of gender identity. This study has been completed with the help of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) principles. CDA principles have been applied to the text of the selected short story Saleema from Daniyal Mueenuddin’s collection In Other Rooms, Other Wonders. Related passages, structures, expressions, and text are analyzed from the point of view of CDA, especially Norman Fairclough’s CDA approach. It was found from the analysis that women have no identity of their own in patriarchal societies like Pakistan. Further, it was found women are mistreated, and they have a very limited and defined role in Pakistan. They cannot go beyond the limit defined to them by men. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gender%20issues" title="gender issues">gender issues</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resourceful%20groups" title=" resourceful groups"> resourceful groups</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CDA" title=" CDA"> CDA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exploitation" title=" exploitation"> exploitation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153547/a-critical-discourse-study-of-gender-identity-issues-in-daniyal-mueenuddins-short-story-saleema" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153547.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">131</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">52</span> Attitude Towards E-Learning: A Case of University Teachers and Students</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhamamd%20Shahid%20Farooq">Muhamamd Shahid Farooq</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maazan%20Zafar"> Maazan Zafar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rizawana%20Akhtar"> Rizawana Akhtar </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> E-learning technologies are the blessings of advancements in science and technology. These facilitate the learners to get information at any place and any time by improving their self-confidence, self-efficacy and effectiveness in teaching learning process. E-learning provides an individualized learning experience for learners and remove barriers faced by students during new and creative ways of gaining information. It provides a wide range of facilities to enable the teachers and students for effective and purposeful learning. This study was conducted to explore the attitudes of university students and teachers towards e-learning working in a metropolitan university of Pakistan. The personal, institutional and technological characteristics of the teachers and students of higher education institution effect the adoption of e-learning. For this descriptive study 449 students and 35 university teachers were surveyed by using a Likert scale type questionnaire consisting of 52 statements relating to six factors "perceived usefulness, intention to adopt e-learning, ease of e-learning use, availability resources, e-learning stressors, and pressure to use e-learning". Data were analyzed by making comparisons on the basis of different demographic factors. The findings of the study show that both type of respondents have positive attitude towards e-learning. However, the male and female respondents differ in their opinion for e-learning implementation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=e-learning" title="e-learning">e-learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ICT" title=" ICT"> ICT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=e-sources%20of%20learning" title=" e-sources of learning"> e-sources of learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=questionnaire" title=" questionnaire"> questionnaire</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14348/attitude-towards-e-learning-a-case-of-university-teachers-and-students" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14348.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">527</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">51</span> Recovery of Helicobacter Pylori from Stagnant and Moving Water Biofilms</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maryam%20Zafar">Maryam Zafar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sajida%20Rasheed"> Sajida Rasheed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Imran%20Hashmi"> Imran Hashmi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Water as an environmental reservoir is reported to act as a habitat and transmission route to microaerophilic bacteria such as Heliobacter pylori. It has been studied that in biofilms are the predominant dwellings for the bacteria to grow in water and protective reservoir for numerous pathogens by protecting them against harsh conditions, such as shear stress, low carbon concentration and less than optimal temperature. In this study, influence of these and many other parameters was studied on H. pylori in stagnant and moving water biofilms both in surface and underground aquatic reservoirs. H. pylori were recovered from pipe of different materials such as Polyvinyl Chloride, Polypropylene and Galvanized iron pipe cross sections from an urban water distribution network. Biofilm swabbed from inner cross section was examined by molecular biology methods coupled with gene sequencing and H. pylori 16S rRNA peptide nucleic acid probe showing positive results for H. pylori presence. Studies showed that pipe material affect growth of biofilm which in turn provide additional survival mechanism for pathogens like H. pylori causing public health concerns. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biofilm" title="biofilm">biofilm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gene%20sequencing" title=" gene sequencing"> gene sequencing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heliobacter%20pylori" title=" heliobacter pylori"> heliobacter pylori</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pipe%20materials" title=" pipe materials"> pipe materials</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37768/recovery-of-helicobacter-pylori-from-stagnant-and-moving-water-biofilms" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37768.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">359</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">50</span> Cost Comparison between R.C.C. Structures and Composite Columns Structures</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Assad%20Rashid">Assad Rashid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Umair%20Ahmed"> Umair Ahmed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zafar%20Baig"> Zafar Baig</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A new trend in construction is widely influenced by the use of Steel-Concrete Composite Columns. The rapid growth in Steel-Concrete Composite construction has widely decreased the conventional R.C.C structures. Steel Concrete composite construction has obtained extensive receiving around the globe. It is considering the fact that R.C.C structures construction is most suitable and economical for low-rise construction, so it is used in farming systems in most of the buildings. However, increased dead load, span restriction, less stiffness and risky formwork make R.C.C construction uneconomical and not suitable when it comes to intermediate to high-rise buildings. A Base + Ground +11 storey commercial building was designed on ETABS 2017 and made a comparison between conventional R.C.C and encased composite column structure. After performing Equivalent Static non-linear analysis, it has been found that construction cost is 13.01% more than R.C.C structure but encased composite column building has 7.7% more floor area. This study will help in understanding the behavior of conventional R.C.C structure and Encased Composite column structure. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=composite%20columns%20structure" title="composite columns structure">composite columns structure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=equivalent%20static%20non-linear%20analysis" title=" equivalent static non-linear analysis"> equivalent static non-linear analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=comparison%20between%20R.C.C%20and%20encased%20composite%20column%20structures" title=" comparison between R.C.C and encased composite column structures"> comparison between R.C.C and encased composite column structures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cost-effective%20structure" title=" cost-effective structure"> cost-effective structure</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140964/cost-comparison-between-rcc-structures-and-composite-columns-structures" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140964.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">199</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">49</span> Model Based Fault Diagnostic Approach for Limit Switches</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zafar%20Mahmood">Zafar Mahmood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Surayya%20Naz"> Surayya Naz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nazir%20Shah%20Khattak"> Nazir Shah Khattak</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The degree of freedom relates to our capability to observe or model the energy paths within the system. Higher the number of energy paths being modeled leaves to us a higher degree of freedom, but increasing the time and modeling complexity rendering it useless for today’s world’s need for minimum time to market. Since the number of residuals that can be uniquely isolated are dependent on the number of independent outputs of the system, increasing the number of sensors required. The examples of discrete position sensors that may be used to form an array include limit switches, Hall effect sensors, optical sensors, magnetic sensors, etc. Their mechanical design can usually be tailored to fit in the transitional path of an STME in a variety of mechanical configurations. The case studies into multi-sensor system were carried out and actual data from sensors is used to test this generic framework. It is being investigated, how the proper modeling of limit switches as timing sensors, could lead to unified and neutral residual space while keeping the implementation cost reasonably low. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low-cost%20limit%20sensors" title="low-cost limit sensors">low-cost limit sensors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fault%20diagnostics" title=" fault diagnostics"> fault diagnostics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Single%20Throw%20Mechanical%20Equipment%20%28STME%29" title=" Single Throw Mechanical Equipment (STME)"> Single Throw Mechanical Equipment (STME)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parameter%20estimation" title=" parameter estimation"> parameter estimation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parity-space" title=" parity-space"> parity-space</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25825/model-based-fault-diagnostic-approach-for-limit-switches" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25825.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">617</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">48</span> Causes and Implications of Obesity in Urban School Going Children</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Amjad">Mohammad Amjad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Iqbal%20Zafar"> Muhammad Iqbal Zafar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ashfaq%20Ahmed%20Maan"> Ashfaq Ahmed Maan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Tayyab%20Kashif"> Muhammad Tayyab Kashif</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Obesity is an abnormal physical condition where an increased and undesirable fat accumulates in the human body. Obesity is an international phenomenon. In the present study, 12 schools were randomly selected from each district considering the areas i.e. Elite Private Schools in the private sector, Government schools in urban areas and Government schools in rural areas. Interviews were conducted with male students studying in grade 5 to grade 9 in each school. The sample size was 600 students; 300 from Faisalabad district and 300 from Rawalpindi district in Pakistan. A well-structured and pre-tested questionnaire was used for data collection. The calibrated scales were used to attain the heights and weights of the respondents. Obesity of school-going children depends on family types, family size, family history, junk food consumption, mother’s education, weekly time spent in walking, and sports facility at school levels. Academic performance, physical health and psychological health of school going children are affected with obesity. Concrete steps and policies could minimize the incidence of obesity in children in Pakistan. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=body%20mass%20index" title="body mass index">body mass index</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cardiovascular%20disease" title=" cardiovascular disease"> cardiovascular disease</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fast%20food" title=" fast food"> fast food</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=morbidity" title=" morbidity"> morbidity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=overweight" title=" overweight"> overweight</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86313/causes-and-implications-of-obesity-in-urban-school-going-children" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86313.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">183</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sayem%20Zafar&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sayem%20Zafar&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sayem%20Zafar&page=2" rel="next">&rsaquo;</a></li> </ul> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a 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