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id="toc-Foundation_of_the_Secular_Third_Order" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foundation_of_the_Secular_Third_Order"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Foundation of the Secular Third Order</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foundation_of_the_Secular_Third_Order-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Third_Order_of_St._Francis_in_Canada" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Third_Order_of_St._Francis_in_Canada"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Third Order of St. Francis in Canada</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Third_Order_of_St._Francis_in_Canada-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Third_Order_of_St._Francis_in_Great_Britain" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Third_Order_of_St._Francis_in_Great_Britain"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Third Order of St. Francis in Great Britain</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Third_Order_of_St._Francis_in_Great_Britain-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Third_Order_of_St._Francis_in_Ireland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Third_Order_of_St._Francis_in_Ireland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Third Order of St. Francis in Ireland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Third_Order_of_St._Francis_in_Ireland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Third_Order_of_St._Francis_in_the_United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Third_Order_of_St._Francis_in_the_United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Third Order of St. Francis in the United States</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Third_Order_of_St._Francis_in_the_United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Third_Order_of_St._Francis_in_Oceania" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Third_Order_of_St._Francis_in_Oceania"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Third Order of St. Francis in Oceania</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Third_Order_of_St._Francis_in_Oceania-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Rule" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Rule"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>The Rule</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Rule-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Structure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Structure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Structure</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Structure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spirituality" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spirituality"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Spirituality</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Spirituality-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Spirituality subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Spirituality-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Franciscan_spirituality" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Franciscan_spirituality"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Franciscan spirituality</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Franciscan_spirituality-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-St._Bonaventure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#St._Bonaventure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>St. Bonaventure</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-St._Bonaventure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-John_Duns_Scotus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#John_Duns_Scotus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>John Duns Scotus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-John_Duns_Scotus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Being_secular" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Being_secular"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Being secular</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Being_secular-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fraternity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fraternity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Fraternity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fraternity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Missionary_activity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Missionary_activity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Missionary activity</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Missionary_activity-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Missionary activity subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Missionary_activity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Environmental_justice" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Environmental_justice"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Environmental justice</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Environmental_justice-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Social_justice" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Social_justice"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Social justice</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Social_justice-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Work_and_leisure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Work_and_leisure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Work and leisure</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Work_and_leisure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Peace" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Peace"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Peace</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Peace-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Family" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Family"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>Family</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Family-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Youth" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Youth"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.6</span> <span>Youth</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Youth-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Entrance_into_the_Order,_and_formation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Entrance_into_the_Order,_and_formation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.7</span> <span>Entrance into the Order, and formation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Entrance_into_the_Order,_and_formation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Contemporary_Secular_Franciscans" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Contemporary_Secular_Franciscans"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Contemporary Secular Franciscans</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Contemporary_Secular_Franciscans-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Famous_Secular_Franciscans" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Famous_Secular_Franciscans"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Famous Secular Franciscans</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Famous_Secular_Franciscans-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" 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href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sekul%C3%A1rn%C3%AD_franti%C5%A1k%C3%A1nsk%C3%BD_%C5%99%C3%A1d" title="Sekulární františkánský řád – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Sekulární františkánský řád" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordo_Franciscanus_Saecularis" title="Ordo Franciscanus Saecularis – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ordo Franciscanus Saecularis" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orden_Franciscana_Seglar" title="Orden Franciscana Seglar – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Orden Franciscana Seglar" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sekulara_franciskana_ordeno" title="Sekulara franciskana ordeno – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Sekulara franciskana ordeno" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordre_franciscain_s%C3%A9culier" title="Ordre franciscain séculier – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ordre franciscain séculier" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franjeva%C4%8Dki_svjetovni_red" title="Franjevački svjetovni red – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Franjevački svjetovni red" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordo_Fransiskan_Sekuler" title="Ordo Fransiskan Sekuler – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ordo Fransiskan Sekuler" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordine_francescano_secolare" title="Ordine francescano secolare – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ordine francescano secolare" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferences_vil%C3%A1gi_rend" title="Ferences világi rend – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ferences világi rend" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orde_van_Franciscaanse_Seculieren" title="Orde van Franciscaanse Seculieren – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Orde van Franciscaanse Seculieren" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franciszka%C5%84ski_Zakon_%C5%9Awieckich" title="Franciszkański Zakon Świeckich – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Franciszkański Zakon Świeckich" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordem_Franciscana_Secular" title="Ordem Franciscana Secular – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ordem Franciscana Secular" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C4%8Di%C5%A1kov_svetni_red" title="Frančiškov svetni red – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Frančiškov svetni red" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tertiarer" title="Tertiarer – Swedish" 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.navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Secular Franciscan Order</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="nickname" lang="[[Latin]]"><i>Ordo Franciscanus Saecularis</i></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:OFS-Mezin%C3%A1rodn%C3%AD_znak.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/OFS-Mezin%C3%A1rodn%C3%AD_znak.jpg/150px-OFS-Mezin%C3%A1rodn%C3%AD_znak.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8f/OFS-Mezin%C3%A1rodn%C3%AD_znak.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="151" data-file-height="140" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Abbreviation</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">OFS, Secular Franciscan</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Formation</th><td class="infobox-data note">1221</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Founder</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Francis_of_Assisi" title="Francis of Assisi">Francis of Assisi</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Religious_Order" class="mw-redirect" title="Religious Order">Catholic Religious Order</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Minister General</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Tibor Kauser<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Main organ</div></th><td class="infobox-data">International Council</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ciofs.info/">www.ciofs.info</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Secular Franciscan Order</b> (<a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: <i lang="la">Ordo Franciscanus Saecularis</i>; abbreviated <b>OFS</b>) is the third branch of the Franciscan Family<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> formed by <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic</a> men and women who seek to observe the Gospel of <a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Christianity" title="Jesus in Christianity">Jesus</a> by following the example of <a href="/wiki/Francis_of_Assisi" title="Francis of Assisi">Francis of Assisi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Secular Franciscans are not like the other third orders,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> since they are not under the higher direction of the same institute. Brothers and sisters of the Secular Franciscan Order make a spiritual commitment (promises) to their own Rule, and Secular Franciscan fraternities can not exist without the assistance of the first or second Franciscan Orders. The Secular Franciscan Order was the third of the <a href="/wiki/Third_Order_of_Saint_Francis" title="Third Order of Saint Francis">three families</a> founded by Francis of Assisi 800 years ago.<sup id="cite_ref-CathEncOrder_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CathEncOrder-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Francis_Exp_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Francis_Exp-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Originally known as the Brothers and Sisters of Penance, the Order is open to any Catholic, in good standing, at least 18 years in age, not bound by <a href="/wiki/Religious_vows" title="Religious vows">religious vows</a> to another <a href="/wiki/Religious_order" title="Religious order">religious order</a> and is made up of both the <a href="/wiki/Laity" title="Laity">laity</a> (male and female non-clergy) and <a href="/wiki/Secular_clergy" title="Secular clergy">secular clergy</a> (deacons, priests, bishops and even Popes).<sup id="cite_ref-SFORule_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SFORule-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although Secular Franciscans make a public profession and are consecrated, they are not bound by public vows as are <a href="/wiki/Religious_(Catholic_Church)" class="mw-redirect" title="Religious (Catholic Church)">religious</a> living in community.<sup id="cite_ref-SFOIdentity_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SFOIdentity-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Third_Order_Regular_of_Saint_Francis_of_Penance" title="Third Order Regular of Saint Francis of Penance">Third Order Regular</a> (TOR), which grew out of the Third Order Secular, do make religious vows and live in community.<sup id="cite_ref-SFOIdentity_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SFOIdentity-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Because the Order belongs to the spiritual family of the <a href="/wiki/Franciscans" title="Franciscans">Franciscans</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a> has entrusted its pastoral care and spiritual assistance to the Franciscan First Order (<a href="/wiki/Order_of_Friars_Minor" title="Order of Friars Minor">Order of Friars Minor</a>, Order of Friars Minor Capuchin, and <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Friars_Minor_Conventual" title="Order of Friars Minor Conventual">Order of Friars Minor Conventual</a>) and Franciscan Third Order Regular (TOR), which belong to the same spiritual family.<sup id="cite_ref-SFOConst_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SFOConst-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Secular_Franciscan_Order&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Third_Order_of_Saint_Francis" title="Third Order of Saint Francis">Third Order of Saint Francis</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foundation_of_the_Secular_Third_Order">Foundation of the Secular Third Order</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Secular_Franciscan_Order&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Foundation of the Secular Third Order"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Francisbyelgreco.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Francisbyelgreco.jpg/220px-Francisbyelgreco.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Francisbyelgreco.jpg/330px-Francisbyelgreco.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Francisbyelgreco.jpg/440px-Francisbyelgreco.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="625" /></a><figcaption>The Secular Franciscan Order and other Franciscan movements are disciples of Francis of Assisi (1182–1226). Painting by <a href="/wiki/El_Greco" title="El Greco">El Greco</a> (1541–1614).</figcaption></figure> <p>The preaching of St. Francis, as well as his example, exercised such a powerful attraction on people that many married men and women wanted to join the First or the Second Order. Because being married was incompatible with the order, Francis found a middle way and gave them a rule animated by the Franciscan spirit. In the composition of this rule St. Francis was assisted by his friend <a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_IX" title="Pope Gregory IX">Cardinal Ugolino di Conti</a> (later Pope Gregory IX).<sup id="cite_ref-Jarrett_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jarrett-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Where the Third Order was first introduced is unknown. The preponderance of opinion is Florence, chiefly on the authority of Mariano of Florence, or Faenza, who cites the first papal bull known on the subject (<i>Regesta pontificum</i>). The less authoritative <i>Fioretti</i> assigns Cannara, a small town two hours' walk from the Portiuncula, as the birthplace of the Third Order.<sup id="cite_ref-Jarrett_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jarrett-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mariano, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_of_Celano" title="Thomas of Celano">Thomas of Celano</a>, and the Bull for Faenza (16 December 1221) suggest that 1221 was the earliest date for founding of the Third Order. </p><p>Another story tells of <a href="/wiki/Luchesius_Modestini" title="Luchesius Modestini">Luchesius Modestini</a>, a greedy merchant from Poggibonzi, who had his life changed by meeting Francis about 1213. He and his wife Buonadonna were moved to dedicate their lives to prayer and serving the poor. While many couples of that era who experienced a religious conversion chose to separate and enter monasteries, this couple felt called to live out this new way of life together. Francis was moved to write a Rule for them which would allow them to do so. Thus began the Brothers and Sisters of Penance in the Franciscan movement, which came to be called the Franciscan Third Order.<sup id="cite_ref-Habig_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Habig-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Chiesa della Buona Morte in the city of <a href="/wiki/Cannara" title="Cannara">Cannara</a> (Church of the Good Death, previously named "Church of the Stigmata of S. Francesco") claims to be the birthplace of the Third Order. Another contender from the same city is the Church of S. Francesco. </p><p>This way of life was quickly embraced by many couples and single men and women who did not feel called to the stark poverty of the friars and nuns, especially widows. They zealously practiced the lessons Francis taught concerning prayer, humility, peacemaking, self-denial, fidelity to the duties of their state, and above all charity. Like Francis, they cared for lepers and outcasts. Even canonical <a href="/wiki/Hermit" title="Hermit">hermits</a> were able to follow this Rule and bring themselves into the orbit of the Franciscan vision. The Order came to be a force in the medieval legal system, since one of its tenets forbade the use of arms, and thus the male members of the order could not be drafted into the constant and frequent battles between cities and regions in that era. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Third_Order_of_St._Francis_in_Canada">Third Order of St. Francis in Canada</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Secular_Franciscan_Order&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Third Order of St. Francis in Canada"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Secular_Franciscan_Order" title="Special:EditPage/Secular Franciscan Order">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The Third Order of St. Francis was established by the Friars Minor <a href="/wiki/Recollects" title="Recollects">Recollects</a> at Quebec in 1671 and later at Three Rivers and Montreal.<sup id="cite_ref-NA_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NA-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1681 a Recollect notes that "many pious people of Quebec belong to the Third Order". After the cession of Canada to England in 1763 following the French defeat in the Seven Years' War, the Third Order, deprived of its directors, gradually disappeared but was revived In the 1840s. </p><p>The 1840 revival was led by <a href="/wiki/Ignace_Bourget" title="Ignace Bourget">Ignace Bourget</a>, Bishop of Montreal. Noted naturalist <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Abel_Provancher" title="Léon Abel Provancher">Léon Abel Provancher</a> was particularly active. In 1866, having received faculties from the General of the Friars Minor, Provancher established a fraternity in his parish at <a href="/wiki/Portneuf,_Quebec" title="Portneuf, Quebec">Portneuf</a> Quebec,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and promoted the Third Order in his writings. For two years he edited a monthly review he published on the Third Order. </p><p>On a pilgrimage to Jerusalem, Provancher met <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Janssoone" title="Frédéric Janssoone">Frédéric Janssoone</a> and the two became friends. In 1881 Janssoone went to Canada, where he gave new spirit to the Third Order, inaugurating and visiting fraternities. On one occasion, he preached a four-hour sermon on the Stations of the Cross in the church of Sainte-Marie-Madeleine in Cap-de-la-Madeleine, to a women's Third Order group from Montreal.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several bishops, among them Bishop <a href="/wiki/Louis-Fran%C3%A7ois_Richer_Lafl%C3%A8che" title="Louis-François Richer Laflèche">Louis-François Richer Laflèche</a> of <a href="/wiki/Trois-Rivi%C3%A8res" title="Trois-Rivières">Trois-Rivières</a> and Archbishop Taschereau, welcomed him as its promoter. </p><p>The foundation of a community of Friars Minor at Montreal in 1890 inaugurated a new era of growth for the Third Order. As of 2016 there were over 5,000 active members in approximately 200 fraternities.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Third_Order_of_St._Francis_in_Great_Britain">Third Order of St. Francis in Great Britain</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Secular_Franciscan_Order&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Third Order of St. Francis in Great Britain"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Little is known of the Third Order in Great Britain prior to the Reformation. In 1385 there were 8 fraternities in the British Isles, compared with twenty-nine in France. William Staney, the first commissary of the order in England after the <a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Monasteries" class="mw-redirect" title="Dissolution of the Monasteries">Dissolution of the Monasteries</a>, wrote "A Treatise of the Third Order of St. Francis", published at Douai in 1617. <a href="/wiki/Alice_Ingham" title="Alice Ingham">Alice Ingham</a> became a member of the lay society of the third order of St Francis in 1872. She later went on to found the Sisters of St. Joseph's Society for Foreign Missions.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1877 the English Franciscans initiated publication of <i>The Franciscan Annual and monthly bulletin of the Third Order</i>. A national conference of British tertiaries, with a view to strengthening and consolidating the order, was held in 1898 at Liverpool. A second national conference was held at Leeds. </p><p>As in other regions, the members of the Order are now self-governing, under the auspices of a National Fraternity. In Britain, the National Fraternity is made up of nine regional fraternities. In Scotland there are fraternities in Edinburgh, Glasgow, and Inverness.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Third_Order_of_St._Francis_in_Ireland">Third Order of St. Francis in Ireland</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Secular_Franciscan_Order&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Third Order of St. Francis in Ireland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Third Order was active in Dublin during the medieval period. There were tertiaries assisting the Conventual Franciscans at Drogheda in 1855. Although the friary closed in 2000, the Secular Franciscans continue to meet in Drogheda.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A renewal of the Third Order in Dublin began around 1860. A fraternity was established by the Capuchins in Cork in 1866<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and another in Kilkenny.<sup id="cite_ref-annual_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-annual-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Matt_Talbot" title="Matt Talbot">Matt Talbot</a> joined the Third Order in <a href="/wiki/Merchants_Quay" class="mw-redirect" title="Merchants Quay">Merchants Quay</a> in 1890.<sup id="cite_ref-mattt_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mattt-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Merchants Quay was later turned into a Third Order Centre with rooms where tertiaries could meet and relax.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the late nineteenth century the Irish Franciscans produced the <i>Irish Franciscan Tertiary</i>, a monthly journal for the Third Order Franciscans.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Six hundred tertiaries met in Dublin in 1971 to celebrate the seven hundred and fiftieth anniversary of the founding of the order. As of 2014, Secular Franciscans in Ireland numbered over 1200.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Third_Order_of_St._Francis_in_the_United_States">Third Order of St. Francis in the United States</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Secular_Franciscan_Order&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Third Order of St. Francis in the United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Early Franciscan missionaries established fraternities in the Southern and Southwestern states, where there was extensive French and Spanish Catholic influence. A fraternity was established at Santa Fe before 1680. Another fraternity operated in Santa Fe, New Mexico almost from the time of the <a href="/wiki/Reconquista" title="Reconquista">Reconquest</a> (1692–1695), as reported by the Father Guardian (<i>custos</i>), José Bernal, dated 17 September 1794. Single individuals among Native Americans were sometimes classified as tertiaries. It is likely that a confraternity was founded at <a href="/wiki/St._Augustine,_Florida" title="St. Augustine, Florida">St. Augustine, Florida</a>, before the close of the 16th century, as this was the first Spanish settlement in what is now the United States. A confraternity was established at <a href="/wiki/San_Antonio,_Texas" class="mw-redirect" title="San Antonio, Texas">San Antonio, Texas</a>, before the middle of the 18th century. The establishment of provinces of the order of Friars Minor brought about the establishment of many confraternities. In 1919 a number of friar provincials set up a national organization.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With the approval of a new Rule in 1978, the fraternities were reorganized as an independent arm of the Franciscan Movement. The National Fraternity of the United States was formed and divided into thirty regions. As of 2016, there are over 12,000 Secular Franciscans in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-francon_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-francon-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Third_Order_of_St._Francis_in_Oceania">Third Order of St. Francis in Oceania</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Secular_Franciscan_Order&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Third Order of St. Francis in Oceania"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Secular Franciscans Oceania is the National Fraternity for Australia, Papua New Guinea, Sabah, Singapore, and New Zealand. The Republic of Korea has its own National Fraternity.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_Rule">The Rule</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Secular_Franciscan_Order&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: The Rule"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The earliest Rule was found in the Guarnacci Library in <a href="/wiki/Volterra" title="Volterra">Volterra</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-TORCommentary_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TORCommentary-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This primitive document is known as the Earlier Exhortation, or the Earlier Version, of "The Letter to All the Faithful" and was likely composed before 1215. An expanded version, the Later Exhortation, was completed by about 1220. Both Exhortations were composed by Francis.<sup id="cite_ref-TORCommentary_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TORCommentary-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both documents call the lay faithful to a life of penance, i.e., of turning away from sin and toward God.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In the Earlier Exhortation, Francis describes the elements of the conversion process: </p> <blockquote> <p>1) love God 2) love one's neighbor 3) turn away from our sinful tendencies 4) "receive the Body and Blood of our Lord Jesus Christ" and, as a result of the above, 5) producing worthy fruits of penance – a renewed life characterized by charity, forgiveness and compassion toward others.<sup id="cite_ref-SFORule_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SFORule-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </blockquote> <p>Francis speaks in ecstatic terms of those who embrace this way of life: "Oh, how happy and blessed are these men and women when they do these things and persevere in doing them since the Spirit of the Lord will rest upon them and He will make His home and dwelling among them. They are children of the heavenly Father whose works they do, and they are spouses, brothers and mothers of Our Lord <a href="/wiki/Jesus_Christ" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesus Christ">Jesus Christ</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-SFORule_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SFORule-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The "primitive rule" was approved by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Honorius_III" title="Pope Honorius III">Pope Honorius III</a> in 1221 with the <i>Memoriale Propositi,</i> and revised in 1289 by the Franciscan <a href="/wiki/Pope_Nicholas_IV" title="Pope Nicholas IV">Pope Nicholas IV</a> with the <i>Supra montem,</i> and by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_XIII" title="Pope Leo XIII">Pope Leo XIII</a> approving in 1883 <i>Misericors Dei Filius</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Francis_Exp_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Francis_Exp-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The current rule was given by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Paul_VI" title="Pope Paul VI">Pope Paul VI</a> in 1978 with the Apostolic letter <i>Seraphicus Patriarcha</i><sup id="cite_ref-Seraphicus_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Seraphicus-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is designed to adapt the Secular Franciscan Order to the changing needs and expectations of the Church.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The spirit of the Rule is found in Article 4: </p> <dl><dd><i>The rule and life of the Secular Franciscan is this: To observe the Gospel of our Lord Jesus Christ by following the example of St. Francis of Assisi, who made Christ the inspiration and the center of his life with God and people. Christ, the gift of the Father’s love, is the way to him, the Truth into which the Holy Spirit leads us, and the life which he has come to give abundantly. Secular Franciscans should devote themselves especially to careful reading of the Gospel, going from Gospel to life and life to the Gospel.</i><sup id="cite_ref-SFORule_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SFORule-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Structure">Structure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Secular_Franciscan_Order&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Secular_Franciscan_Order" title="Special:EditPage/Secular Franciscan Order">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The Secular Franciscan Order is a <a href="/wiki/Associations_of_the_faithful" class="mw-redirect" title="Associations of the faithful">public association of the faithful</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-SFOConst1_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SFOConst1-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is divided into fraternities at various levels: local, regional, national, and international. The OFS is governed by the universal law of the Church and by its own Rule, Constitutions, Ritual, and statutes. The interpretation of the Rule and of the Constitutions is done by the Holy See. The practical interpretation of the Constitutions, with the purpose of harmonizing its application in different areas and at the various levels of the Order, belongs to the General Chapter of the OFS. The clarification of specific points which require a timely decision belongs to the Presidency of the International Council of the OFS. The International Council of the OFS statutes are approved by the General Chapter of the OFS and confirmed by the Union of the Franciscan Ministers General. </p><p>National fraternities have their own statutes approved by the Presidency of the International Council of the OFS. The regional and the local fraternities may have their own statutes approved by the council of the higher level. The fraternities at different levels are animated and guided by the minister or president, with the council, in accordance with the Rule, the Constitutions, and their own Statutes. These offices are conferred through elections. NAFRA reports that in the United States there are currently 30 regions, 700 fraternities, and 14,500 professed members. In 2002, the CIOFS reported a worldwide membership of 400,000 professed members. </p><p>The International Fraternity is constituted by the organic union of all the Catholic Secular Franciscan fraternities in the world. It is identical to the OFS with its own juridical personality within the Church, organized and in conformity with the Constitutions and its own Statutes. The International Fraternity is guided and animated by the Minister or President with the International Council (CIOFS), which has its seat in Rome, Italy. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Spirituality">Spirituality</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Secular_Franciscan_Order&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Spirituality"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Franciscan_spirituality">Franciscan spirituality</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Secular_Franciscan_Order&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Franciscan spirituality"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Francis's spirituality was simply to "observe the Gospel."<sup id="cite_ref-TLAFL_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TLAFL-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pope Pius XII stated in 1956: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p><i>There is, then, a Franciscan doctrine in accordance with which God is holy, is great, and above all, is good, indeed the supreme Good. For in this doctrine, God is love. He lives by love, creates for love, becomes flesh and redeems, that is, he saves and makes holy, for love. There is also a Franciscan way of contemplating Jesus: the meeting of uncreated Love with created love. Similarly, there is a method of loving Him and of imitating Him: in reality it sees the Man-God, and prefers to consider Him in His holy Humanity, because this reveals Him more clearly and, as it were, allows Him to be touched. From this arises a burning devotion to the Incarnation and the Passion of Jesus, because these (mysteries) allow us to see Him, not so much in His glory, in His omnipotent grandeur, or in His eternal triumph, as rather in His human love – so tender in the manger, so sorrowful on the cross.</i> <sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p></blockquote> <p>As a summary of the elements of Franciscan spirituality, a Franciscan should live: </p> <ul><li>in communion with Christ poor and crucified,</li> <li>in the love of God,</li> <li>in brother/sisterhood with all people and all of creation,</li> <li>participating in the life and mission of the Church,</li> <li>in continual conversion,</li> <li>in a life of prayer – liturgical, personal, communal,</li> <li>as instruments of peace.<sup id="cite_ref-TLAFL_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TLAFL-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fran%C3%A7ois,_Claude_(dit_Fr%C3%A8re_Luc)_-_Saint_Bonaventure.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Fran%C3%A7ois%2C_Claude_%28dit_Fr%C3%A8re_Luc%29_-_Saint_Bonaventure.jpg/220px-Fran%C3%A7ois%2C_Claude_%28dit_Fr%C3%A8re_Luc%29_-_Saint_Bonaventure.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Fran%C3%A7ois%2C_Claude_%28dit_Fr%C3%A8re_Luc%29_-_Saint_Bonaventure.jpg/330px-Fran%C3%A7ois%2C_Claude_%28dit_Fr%C3%A8re_Luc%29_-_Saint_Bonaventure.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Fran%C3%A7ois%2C_Claude_%28dit_Fr%C3%A8re_Luc%29_-_Saint_Bonaventure.jpg/440px-Fran%C3%A7ois%2C_Claude_%28dit_Fr%C3%A8re_Luc%29_-_Saint_Bonaventure.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="583" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Bonaventure" title="Bonaventure">Bonaventure</a> (1221–1274), painting by Claude François, ca. 1650–1660.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="St._Bonaventure">St. Bonaventure</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Secular_Franciscan_Order&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: St. Bonaventure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Bonaventure" title="Bonaventure">Bonaventure</a>, the seraphic doctor, is regarded as deeply penetrated and imbued with the mind of Francis of Assisi. <a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Gilson" title="Étienne Gilson">Étienne Gilson</a> has said that in reading Saint Bonaventure, one receives the impression that it is as if Saint Francis has been raised up and is philosophizing.<sup id="cite_ref-EWTN_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EWTN-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bonaventure sought to know God in Him in order to love and serve Him. Besides his popular writing, Bonaventure has written works of pure spirituality in strict dependence and vital application on Christ, because he felt that all knowledge that is not founded on Christ is vain. The work which sums up all his doctrine is the "<a href="/wiki/Collationes_in_Hexaemeron" title="Collationes in Hexaemeron">Collationes in Hexaemeron</a>", a synthesis of all human knowledge, including spirituality.<sup id="cite_ref-EWTN_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EWTN-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="John_Duns_Scotus">John Duns Scotus</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Secular_Franciscan_Order&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: John Duns Scotus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:John_Duns_Scotus_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1178460.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/John_Duns_Scotus_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1178460.jpg/220px-John_Duns_Scotus_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1178460.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/John_Duns_Scotus_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1178460.jpg/330px-John_Duns_Scotus_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1178460.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/John_Duns_Scotus_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1178460.jpg/440px-John_Duns_Scotus_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1178460.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Duns_Scotus" title="Duns Scotus">John Duns Scotus</a> (c1266–1308)</figcaption></figure> <p>The second of the Franciscan masters produced no notable treatise on spirituality, but <a href="/wiki/Duns_Scotus" title="Duns Scotus">John Duns Scotus</a> has systematized the primacy on which Franciscan spirituality is founded. He has given many suggestions and produced many texts such that his disciples and his commentators can be guided by him, and thus came to reveal Franciscan thought and its spirituality, though he differs notably from Bonaventure.<sup id="cite_ref-EWTN_34-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EWTN-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In early education, in training, and in his days at <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">Oxford</a> as student and later as master, John Duns Scotus deepened the understanding of the real and the concrete. He entered the School to profit from the works of <a href="/wiki/Alexander_of_Hales" title="Alexander of Hales">Alexander of Hales</a>, <a href="/wiki/Albertus_Magnus" title="Albertus Magnus">Albert the Great</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bonaventure" title="Bonaventure">Bonaventure</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Aquinas" title="Thomas Aquinas">Thomas Aquinas</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Roger_Bacon" title="Roger Bacon">Roger Bacon</a>. Thus John Duns Scotus joined his predecessor Bonaventure on a similar interpretation of the function and mission of Jesus Christ given by Francis, that Christ is the highest grace God offers His creatures, and their response controls their attitude to God.<sup id="cite_ref-EWTN_34-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EWTN-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Being_secular">Being secular</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Secular_Franciscan_Order&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Being secular"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>One of the most important consequences of the Secular Franciscan charism is that the spiritual formation of the OFS must cater for those whose vocation is, motivated by the Gospel, to live in secular circumstances. Intimate union with Christ lies at the heart of the OFS vocation. Secular Franciscans should seek to encounter the living and active person of Christ in their brothers and sisters, in Sacred Scripture, in the Church and in liturgical activity. They do this by studying, loving and living in an integrated human and evangelical life.<sup id="cite_ref-SFOAU_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SFOAU-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Twenty-first century Secular Franciscans live out the secular aspect of their charism by paying attention to three things. First, they draw on the rich experience of Franciscan figures of the past, who were both contemplative and dedicated to activities as parents, single people, kings, craftsmen, recluses, and people involved in welfare activities. Second, at the beginning of the third millennium, they face a test of their creativity when confronted by the new evangelisation. Third, they cultivate a deep knowledge of Francis the prophet, an example from the past, leading them into the future.<sup id="cite_ref-SFOAU_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SFOAU-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fraternity">Fraternity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Secular_Franciscan_Order&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Fraternity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Secular Franciscan charism is not given to an individual person but to a group of brothers and sisters. Thus from the outset, it is a group that is shaped by the Holy Church, and it is only in this context that the charism can thrive.<sup id="cite_ref-SFOAU_35-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SFOAU-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The fraternity of the Order finds its origin in the inspiration of Francis to whom the Most High revealed the essential Gospel quality of life in fraternal communion. The vocation of the Order is, therefore, a vocation to live the Gospel in fraternal communion. For one's initial formation, participation in the meetings of the local fraternity is an indispensable presupposition for initiation into community of prayer and into fraternal life.<sup id="cite_ref-SFOAU_35-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SFOAU-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Missionary_activity">Missionary activity</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Secular_Franciscan_Order&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Missionary activity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Secular_Franciscan_Order" title="Special:EditPage/Secular Franciscan Order">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Secular_Franciscan_Order,_pin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Secular_Franciscan_Order%2C_pin.jpg/220px-Secular_Franciscan_Order%2C_pin.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="221" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Secular_Franciscan_Order%2C_pin.jpg/330px-Secular_Franciscan_Order%2C_pin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/44/Secular_Franciscan_Order%2C_pin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="351" /></a><figcaption>Secular Franciscans can be recognized by the <a href="/wiki/Tau_Cross" class="mw-redirect" title="Tau Cross">Tau Cross</a> they wear as a lapel pin (here) or pendant.</figcaption></figure> <p>The Secular Franciscans commit themselves to live the Gospel according to Franciscan spirituality in their secular condition. The Secular Franciscan must personally and assiduously study the Gospel and Sacred Scripture to foster love for the word of the Gospel and help the brothers and sisters to know and understand it as it is proclaimed by the Church with the assistance of the Spirit. Secular Franciscans, called in earlier times "the brothers and sisters of penance", propose to live in the spirit of continual conversion. Some means to cultivate this characteristic of the Franciscan vocation, individually and in fraternity, are: listening to and celebrating the Word of God; review of life; spiritual retreats; the help of a spiritual adviser; and penitential celebrations. Secular Franciscans should pledge themselves to live the spirit of the Beatitudes and, in a special way, the spirit of poverty. Evangelical poverty demonstrates confidence in the Father, affects interior freedom, and disposes them to promote a more just distribution of wealth. They must provide for their own families and serve society by means of their work and material goods. They have a particular manner of living evangelical poverty. To understand and achieve it requires a strong personal commitment and the stimulation of the fraternity in prayer and dialogue, communal review of life, and attentiveness to the instructions of the Church and the demands of society. They pledge themselves to reduce their own personal needs so as to be better able to share spiritual and material goods with their brothers and sisters, especially those most in need. They should give thanks to God for the goods they have received, using them as good stewards and not as owners. They should take a firm position against consumerism and against ideologies and practices which prefer riches over human and religious values and which permit the exploitation of the human person. They should love and practice purity of heart, the source of true fraternity.<sup id="cite_ref-StigmataofStFrancis_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-StigmataofStFrancis-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Environmental_justice">Environmental justice</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Secular_Franciscan_Order&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Environmental justice"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Environmental_justice" title="Environmental justice">Environmental justice</a></div> <p>Following the example of Francis of Assisi, patron saint of ecology, they collaborate with efforts to fight pollution and to conserve all that is valuable in nature. This conservation keeps in mind that the exploitation of the environment often puts disproportionate hardships on the poor, especially if they live in the affected areas. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Social_justice">Social justice</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Secular_Franciscan_Order&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Social justice"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Secular Franciscans are called to make their own contribution, inspired by the person and message of Francis, towards a civilization in which the dignity of the human person, shared responsibility, and love may be living realities. They should firmly commit themselves to oppose every form of exploitation, discrimination, and exclusion and against every attitude of indifference in relation to others. They promote the building of fraternity among peoples: they should be committed to create worthy conditions of life for all and to work for the freedom of all people. Secular Franciscans attempt to be in the forefront in the field of public life. They should collaborate as much as possible for the passage of just laws and ordinances. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Work_and_leisure">Work and leisure</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Secular_Franciscan_Order&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Work and leisure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>For Francis, work is a gift and to work is a grace. Daily work is not only the means of livelihood, but the opportunity to serve God and neighbor as well as a way to develop one's own personality. In the conviction that work is a right and a duty and that every form of occupation deserves respect, the brothers and sisters should commit themselves to collaborate so that all persons may have the possibility to work and so that working conditions may always be more humane. Leisure and recreation have their own value and are necessary for personal development. Secular Franciscans should maintain a balance between work and rest and should strive to make meaningful use of their leisure time. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Peace">Peace</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Secular_Franciscan_Order&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Peace"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Secular Franciscans are called to be bearers of peace in their families and in society The renunciation of the use of violence, characteristic of the followers of Francis, does not mean the renunciation of action. Peace is the work of justice and the fruit of reconciliation and of fraternal love. While acknowledging both the personal and national right to self-defense, they should respect the choice of those who, because of conscientious objection, refuse to bear arms. However, the brothers and sisters should take care that their interventions are always inspired by Christian love. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Family">Family</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Secular_Franciscan_Order&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Family"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Secular Franciscans should consider their own family to be the first place in which to live their Christian commitment and Franciscan vocation. They should make space within it for prayer, for the Word of God, and for Christian catechesis. They should concern themselves with respect for all life in every situation from conception until death. Married couples find in the Rule of the OFS an effective aid in their own journey of Christian life, aware that in the sacrament of matrimony their love shares in the love that Christ has for his Church. The beauty and the strength of the human love of the spouses is a profound witness for their own family, the Church, and the world. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Youth">Youth</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Secular_Franciscan_Order&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Youth"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Out of the conviction of the need to educate children to take an interest in community, "bringing them the awareness of being living, active members of the People of God" and because of the fascination which Francis of Assisi can exercise on them, the formation of groups of children should be encouraged. With the help of a pedagogy and an organization suitable to their age, these children should be initiated into a knowledge and love of the Franciscan life. National statutes will give an appropriate orientation for the organization of these groups and their relationship to the fraternity and to the groups of <b>Franciscan youth</b>. The Franciscan Youth is formed by those young people who feel called by the Holy Spirit to share the experience of the Christian life in fraternity, in the light of the message of Francis, deepening their own vocation within the context of the Secular Franciscan Order.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Entrance_into_the_Order,_and_formation"><span id="Entrance_into_the_Order.2C_and_formation"></span>Entrance into the Order, and formation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Secular_Franciscan_Order&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Entrance into the Order, and formation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Conditions for admission are: to profess the Catholic faith, to live in communion with the Church, to be of good moral standing, and to show clear signs of a vocation. Membership in the Order is attained through a time of initiation, a time of formation, and the Profession of the Rule. The journey of formation, which is expected to develop throughout life, begins with entrance into the fraternity. Those responsible for formation are: the candidate, the entire fraternity, the minister with the council, the master of formation, and the assistant as spiritual guide. Profession is the solemn ecclesial act by which the candidate renews the baptismal promises and in a public profession consecrates their lives to the service of God's kingdom and to live the Gospel in the world according to the example of Francis and following the Rule of the OFS.<sup id="cite_ref-FranciscanBrothersOfPeace_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FranciscanBrothersOfPeace-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Contemporary_Secular_Franciscans">Contemporary Secular Franciscans</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Secular_Franciscan_Order&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Contemporary Secular Franciscans"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Secular_Franciscan_Order" title="Special:EditPage/Secular Franciscan Order">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">June 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Membership of the Secular Franciscan Order includes lay men and women as well as diocesan priests. A number of Popes have been members of this Order. Professed members use the letters OFS after their name in line with the official name of the Order. </p><p>The current rule was given by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Paul_VI" title="Pope Paul VI">Pope Paul VI</a> in 1978 with the Apostolic letter <i>Seraphicus Patriarcha</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Seraphicus_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Seraphicus-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is designed to adapt the Secular Franciscan Order to the needs and expectations of the Church in the conditions of changing times. </p><p>Under this new Rule, the tertiaries of the Franciscan movement were set up as an autonomous Order, with their own Minister General as head of the Order. They were removed from the jurisdiction of the friars of the First Order and of the Third Order Regular. In 1990 a new set of <a href="/wiki/Constitutions" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitutions">Constitutions</a> were written and approved by the General Chapter of the Order held in <a href="/wiki/Madrid,_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Madrid, Spain">Madrid, Spain</a>, to clarify issues related to the revised Rule. In 2000, the appropriate agencies of the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a>, in the name of <a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">Pope</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Paul_II" class="mw-redirect" title="John Paul II">John Paul II</a>, gave the official approval to the final form of the Constitutions, with an effective date of 8 February 2001. The Order is now known as the Secular Franciscan Order (abbreviated as OFS). The Secular Franciscan Order is a fully recognized order within the Catholic Church and part of the Franciscan family. The present active membership of the Order worldwide is about 350,000 across more than 100 countries.<sup id="cite_ref-ofsgb_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ofsgb-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A summary of the elements of Franciscan spirituality, includes living in communion with Christ poor and crucified, in the love of God, and in brother/sisterhood with all people and all of creation.<sup id="cite_ref-TLAFL_32-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TLAFL-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Famous_Secular_Franciscans">Famous Secular Franciscans</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Secular_Franciscan_Order&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Famous Secular Franciscans"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Secular_Franciscan_Order" title="Special:EditPage/Secular Franciscan Order">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2020</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The following people belonging to the Order have been proclaimed saints: </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Louis-ix.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Louis-ix.jpg/220px-Louis-ix.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="284" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2a/Louis-ix.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="232" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Louis_IX_of_France" title="Louis IX of France">Louis IX of France</a> (1214–1270) was declared Patron of the Order.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Marianne_Stokes_St_Elizabeth_of_Hungary_Spinning_for_the_Poor.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Marianne_Stokes_St_Elizabeth_of_Hungary_Spinning_for_the_Poor.jpg/220px-Marianne_Stokes_St_Elizabeth_of_Hungary_Spinning_for_the_Poor.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="369" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Marianne_Stokes_St_Elizabeth_of_Hungary_Spinning_for_the_Poor.jpg/330px-Marianne_Stokes_St_Elizabeth_of_Hungary_Spinning_for_the_Poor.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Marianne_Stokes_St_Elizabeth_of_Hungary_Spinning_for_the_Poor.jpg/440px-Marianne_Stokes_St_Elizabeth_of_Hungary_Spinning_for_the_Poor.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="1006" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_of_Hungary" title="Elizabeth of Hungary">Elizabeth of Hungary</a> (1207–1231) is the Patroness of the Order.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Joan_of_Arc_miniature_graded.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Joan_of_Arc_miniature_graded.jpg/220px-Joan_of_Arc_miniature_graded.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="328" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Joan_of_Arc_miniature_graded.jpg/330px-Joan_of_Arc_miniature_graded.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Joan_of_Arc_miniature_graded.jpg/440px-Joan_of_Arc_miniature_graded.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1812" data-file-height="2700" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Joan_of_Arc" title="Joan of Arc">Joan of Arc</a> (1412–1431)</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_of_Hungary" title="Elizabeth of Hungary">Elizabeth of Hungary</a><sup id="cite_ref-USA_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USA-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (d.1231)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_of_Viterbo" title="Rose of Viterbo">Rose of Viterbo</a> (d. 1251)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_III_of_Castile" title="Ferdinand III of Castile">Ferdinand III of Castile</a><sup id="cite_ref-USA_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USA-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (d. 1252)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_IX_of_France" title="Louis IX of France">Louis IX of France</a><sup id="cite_ref-USA_40-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USA-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (d.1270)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_of_Cortona" title="Margaret of Cortona">Margaret of Cortona</a> (d. 1297)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivo_of_Kermartin" title="Ivo of Kermartin">Ivo of Kermartin</a> (d.1303)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amato_Ronconi" title="Amato Ronconi">Amato Ronconi</a> of Saldezzo (d.1304)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_of_Foligno" title="Angela of Foligno">Angela of Foligno</a> (d.1309)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elz%C3%A9ar_of_Sabran" title="Elzéar of Sabran">Elzéar of Sabran</a> (d.1323)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Roch" title="Saint Roch">Roch</a> (d.1327)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_of_Portugal" title="Elizabeth of Portugal">Elizabeth of Portugal</a> (d.1336)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conrad_of_Piacenza" title="Conrad of Piacenza">Conrad of Piacenza</a><sup id="cite_ref-USA_40-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USA-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (d.1351)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridget_of_Sweden" title="Bridget of Sweden">Bridget of Sweden</a><sup id="cite_ref-USA_40-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USA-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (d.1373)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_of_Arc" title="Joan of Arc">Joan of Arc</a><sup id="cite_ref-USA_40-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USA-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (d.1431)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Genoa" title="Catherine of Genoa">Catherine of Genoa</a><sup id="cite_ref-USA_40-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USA-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (d.1510)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_More" title="Thomas More">Thomas More</a><sup id="cite_ref-USA_40-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USA-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (d.1535)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Merici" title="Angela Merici">Angela Merici</a><sup id="cite_ref-USA_40-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USA-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (d. 1540)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Borromeo" title="Charles Borromeo">Charles Borromeo</a><sup id="cite_ref-USA_40-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USA-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (d.1584)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Frances_de_Chantal" title="Jane Frances de Chantal">Jane Frances de Chantal</a> (d.1641)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariana_de_Jes%C3%BAs_de_Paredes" title="Mariana de Jesús de Paredes">Mariana de Jesús de Paredes</a> (d.1645)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_of_Saint_Joseph_Betancur" class="mw-redirect" title="Peter of Saint Joseph Betancur">Peter of Saint Joseph Betancur</a> (d.1667)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Frances_of_the_Five_Wounds" title="Mary Frances of the Five Wounds">Mary Frances of the Five Wounds</a> (d.1791)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Benedetto_Cottolengo" title="Giuseppe Benedetto Cottolengo">Giuseppe Benedetto Cottolengo</a> (d.1842)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincenza_Gerosa" title="Vincenza Gerosa">Vincenza Gerosa</a> (d.1847)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincent_Pallotti" title="Vincent Pallotti">Vincent Pallotti</a><sup id="cite_ref-USA_40-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USA-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (d.1850)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emily_de_Vialar" title="Emily de Vialar">Emily de Vialar</a> (d.1856)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Vianney" title="John Vianney">John Vianney</a><sup id="cite_ref-USA_40-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USA-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (d.1859)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Cafasso" title="Joseph Cafasso">Joseph Cafasso</a><sup id="cite_ref-USA_40-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USA-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (d.1860)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Martin_and_Marie-Az%C3%A9lie_Gu%C3%A9rin" title="Louis Martin and Marie-Azélie Guérin">Louis Martin and Marie-Azélie Guérin</a><sup id="cite_ref-ofsgb_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ofsgb-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (d. 1877 and 1894)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marguerite_Bays" title="Marguerite Bays">Marguerite Bays</a> (d.1879)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Giuseppa_Rossello" title="Maria Giuseppa Rossello">Maria Giuseppa Rossello</a> (d.1880)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bosco" title="John Bosco">John Bosco</a><sup id="cite_ref-USA_40-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USA-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (d.1888)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_X" title="Pope Pius X">Pope Pius X</a> (d.1914)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Guanella" title="Luigi Guanella">Luigi Guanella</a> (d.1915)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Xavier_Cabrini" title="Frances Xavier Cabrini">Frances Xavier Cabrini</a><sup id="cite_ref-USA_40-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USA-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (d.1917)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_John_XXIII" title="Pope John XXIII">Pope John XXIII</a> (d.1963)</li></ul> </div> <p>Seventeen members of the Third Order of St. Francis were included in the canonization of the <a href="/wiki/Twenty-six_Martyrs_of_Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="Twenty-six Martyrs of Japan">26 Martyrs of Japan</a>. More members of the Third Order of St. Francis were included in the canonization of the <a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Japan" title="Martyrs of Japan">Martyrs of Japan</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Martyrs" title="Chinese Martyrs">Chinese Martyrs</a>. </p><p>Numerous Secular Franciscans have been beatified, including: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ul><li>Viridiana de Attavantis (d.1242)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerard_of_Villamagna" title="Gerard of Villamagna">Gerard of Villamagna</a> (d.1242)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Humiliana_of_Cerchi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Humiliana of Cerchi (page does not exist)">Humiliana of Cerchi</a> (d.1246)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luchesius_Modestini" title="Luchesius Modestini">Luchesius of Poggibonsi</a> (d.1260)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_X" title="Pope Gregory X">Pope Gregory X</a> (d.1276)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Novellone_of_Faenza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Novellone of Faenza (page does not exist)">Novellone of Faenza</a> (d.1280)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pietro_Pettinaio" title="Pietro Pettinaio">Peter of Siena</a> (d.1289)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bartholomew_of_San_Gimignano&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bartholomew of San Gimignano (page does not exist)">Bartholomew of San Gimignano</a> (d.1300)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_of_Citt%C3%A0_della_Pieve&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James of Città della Pieve (page does not exist)">James of Città della Pieve</a> (d.1304)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Pelingotto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Pelingotto (page does not exist)">John Pelingotto</a> (d.1304)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Joan_of_Signa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joan of Signa (page does not exist)">Joan of Signa</a> (d.1307)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christina_of_Tuscany&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christina of Tuscany (page does not exist)">Christina of Tuscany</a> (d.1310)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramon_Llull" title="Ramon Llull">Ramon Llull</a> (d.1315)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ubald_of_San_Gimignano&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ubald of San Gimignano (page does not exist)">Ubald of San Gimignano</a> (d.1320)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Cresci&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peter Cresci (page does not exist)">Peter Cresci</a> (d.1323)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_of_Pesaro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Francis of Pesaro (page does not exist)">Francis of Pesaro</a> (d.1350)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michelina_of_Pesaro" title="Michelina of Pesaro">Michelina of Pesaro</a> (d.1356)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Delphina_of_Glandeves&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Delphina of Glandeves (page does not exist)">Delphina of Glandeves</a> (d.1358)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_I,_Duke_of_Brittany" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles I, Duke of Brittany">Charles of Blois</a> (d.1364)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hugolino_Magalotti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hugolino Magalotti (page does not exist)">Hugolino Magalotti</a> (d.1373)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oddino_Barrotti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oddino Barrotti (page does not exist)">Oddino Barrotti</a> (d.1400)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Cufitella&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Cufitella (page does not exist)">William Cufitella</a> (d.1404)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jeanne-Marie_de_Maill%C3%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jeanne-Marie de Maillé (page does not exist)">Jeanne-Marie de Maillé</a> (d.1414)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Gambacorti_of_Pisa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peter Gambacorti of Pisa (page does not exist)">Peter Gambacorti of Pisa</a> (d.1435)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicholas_of_Forcapalena&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nicholas of Forcapalena (page does not exist)">Nicholas of Forcapalena</a> (d.1449)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paula_Gambara-Costa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paula Gambara-Costa (page does not exist)">Paula Gambara-Costa</a> (d.1515)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludovica_Albertoni" title="Ludovica Albertoni">Ludovica Albertoni</a> (d.1533)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hippolytus_Galantini" class="mw-redirect" title="Hippolytus Galantini">Hippolytus Galantini</a> (d.1619)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contardo_Ferrini" title="Contardo Ferrini">Contardo Ferrini</a> (d.1902)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erminio_Pampuni&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Erminio Pampuni (page does not exist)">Erminio Pampuni</a> (d.1930)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_J%C3%A4gerst%C3%A4tter" title="Franz Jägerstätter">Franz Jägerstätter</a> (d.1943)</li></ul> </div> <p>One other Secular Franciscan has served as Bishop of Rome (Pope): </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_IX" title="Pope Gregory IX">Gregory IX</a><sup id="cite_ref-USA_40-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USA-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (d.1241)</li></ul> </div> <p>Other famous Secular Franciscans include: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dante_Alighieri" title="Dante Alighieri">Dante Alighieri</a><sup id="cite_ref-USA_40-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USA-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (d.1321)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giotto_di_Bondone" class="mw-redirect" title="Giotto di Bondone">Giotto di Bondone</a><sup id="cite_ref-USA_40-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USA-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (d.1337)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cola_di_Rienzo" title="Cola di Rienzo">Cola di Rienzo</a> (d.1354)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrarch" title="Petrarch">Petrarch</a> (d.1374)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Columbus" title="Christopher Columbus">Christopher Columbus</a><sup id="cite_ref-USA_40-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USA-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (d.1506)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raphael" title="Raphael">Raphael</a><sup id="cite_ref-USA_40-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USA-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (d.1520)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vasco_da_Gama" title="Vasco da Gama">Vasco da Gama</a> (d.1524)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michelangelo" title="Michelangelo">Michelangelo</a><sup id="cite_ref-USA_40-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USA-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (d.1564)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Pierluigi_da_Palestrina" title="Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina">Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina</a><sup id="cite_ref-USA_40-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USA-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (d.1594)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miguel_de_Cervantes" title="Miguel de Cervantes">Miguel de Cervantes</a> (d.1616)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lope_de_Vega" title="Lope de Vega">Lope de Vega</a> (d.1635)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Galvani" title="Luigi Galvani">Luigi Galvani</a> (d.1798)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alessandro_Volta" title="Alessandro Volta">Alessandro Volta</a> (d.1827)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9-Marie_Amp%C3%A8re" title="André-Marie Ampère">André-Marie Ampère</a> (d.1836)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Garc%C3%ADa_Moreno" title="Gabriel García Moreno">Gabriel García Moreno</a> (d. 1875)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Georgiana_Fullerton" title="Lady Georgiana Fullerton">Lady Georgiana Fullerton</a> (d.1885)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Liszt" title="Franz Liszt">Franz Liszt</a><sup id="cite_ref-USA_40-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USA-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (d.1886)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Edward_Manning" title="Henry Edward Manning">Henry Edward Manning</a><sup id="cite_ref-USA_40-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USA-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (d.1892)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Gounod" title="Charles Gounod">Charles Gounod</a><sup id="cite_ref-USA_40-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USA-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (d.1893)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Pasteur" title="Louis Pasteur">Louis Pasteur</a> (d.1895)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coventry_Patmore" title="Coventry Patmore">Coventry Patmore</a> (d.1896)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Vaughan" title="Herbert Vaughan">Herbert Vaughan</a><sup id="cite_ref-USA_40-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USA-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (d.1903)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Herbert,_Baroness_Herbert_of_Lea" title="Elizabeth Herbert, Baroness Herbert of Lea">Elizabeth, Lady Herbert of Lea</a> (d.1911)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom%C3%A1s_Mac_Curtain" title="Tomás Mac Curtain">Tomás Mac Curtain</a> (d.1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terence_MacSwiney" title="Terence MacSwiney">Terence MacSwiney</a> (d.1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Gaudi" class="mw-redirect" title="Antonio Gaudi">Antonio Gaudi</a> (d. 1926)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_McCann" title="Joe McCann">Joe McCann</a> (d.1972)<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Michael_Talbot" title="John Michael Talbot">John Michael Talbot</a><sup id="cite_ref-USA_40-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USA-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Secular_Franciscan_Order&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Little_Flowers_of_St._Francis" title="Little Flowers of St. Francis">Little Flowers of St. Francis</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Order_of_Saint_Francis" title="Third Order of Saint Francis">Third Order of Saint Francis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Order_Regular_of_Saint_Francis_of_Penance" title="Third Order Regular of Saint Francis of Penance">Third Order Regular of Saint Francis of Penance</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Secular_Franciscan_Order&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ciofs.org/portal/index.php/en/contacts">Secular Franciscan Order - contacts</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFIriarte1982" class="citation book cs1">Iriarte, Lazaro (1982). <i>Franciscan history : the three orders of St. Francis of Assisi</i>. Chicago: Franciscan Herald Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0819908312" title="Special:BookSources/0819908312"><bdi>0819908312</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Franciscan+history+%3A+the+three+orders+of+St.+Francis+of+Assisi&rft.place=Chicago&rft.pub=Franciscan+Herald+Press&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=0819908312&rft.aulast=Iriarte&rft.aufirst=Lazaro&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecular+Franciscan+Order" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://secularfranciscansusa.org/the-rule-of-the-secular-franciscan-order/">"Rule of the Secular Franciscan Order"</a>. <i>Secular Franciscan Order - USA</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 27,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Secular+Franciscan+Order+-+USA&rft.atitle=Rule+of+the+Secular+Franciscan+Order&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsecularfranciscansusa.org%2Fthe-rule-of-the-secular-franciscan-order%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecular+Franciscan+Order" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSS_John_Paul_II2020" class="citation web cs1">SS John Paul II (January 27, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/archive/cod-iuris-canonici/eng/documents/cic_lib2-cann208-329_en.html">"Code 303 of the Code of Canon Law"</a>. <i>Code of Canon Law</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Code+of+Canon+Law&rft.atitle=Code+303+of+the+Code+of+Canon+Law&rft.date=2020-01-27&rft.au=SS+John+Paul+II&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vatican.va%2Farchive%2Fcod-iuris-canonici%2Feng%2Fdocuments%2Fcic_lib2-cann208-329_en.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecular+Franciscan+Order" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CathEncOrder-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CathEncOrder_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHerbermann1913" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Franciscan Order". <i><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a></i>. New York: Robert Appleton Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Franciscan+Order&rft.btitle=Catholic+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Robert+Appleton+Company&rft.date=1913&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecular+Franciscan+Order" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Francis_Exp-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Francis_Exp_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Francis_Exp_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.christusrex.org/www1/ofm/fra/FRAht11.html">"History of the Franciscan Movement"</a>. The Franciscan Experience<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 June</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Franciscan+Movement&rft.pub=The+Franciscan+Experience&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.christusrex.org%2Fwww1%2Fofm%2Ffra%2FFRAht11.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecular+Franciscan+Order" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIriarte1979" class="citation book cs1">Iriarte, Lazaro (1979). <i>Franciscan History</i>. Valencia, Spain: Assisi Editorial. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780819908315" title="Special:BookSources/9780819908315"><bdi>9780819908315</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Franciscan+History&rft.place=Valencia%2C+Spain&rft.pub=Assisi+Editorial&rft.date=1979&rft.isbn=9780819908315&rft.aulast=Iriarte&rft.aufirst=Lazaro&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecular+Franciscan+Order" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SFORule-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SFORule_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SFORule_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SFORule_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SFORule_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nafra-sfo.org/sforule.html">"Rule of the Secular Franciscan Order"</a>. National Fraternity of the Secular Franciscan Order<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 June</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rule+of+the+Secular+Franciscan+Order&rft.pub=National+Fraternity+of+the+Secular+Franciscan+Order&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nafra-sfo.org%2Fsforule.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecular+Franciscan+Order" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SFOIdentity-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SFOIdentity_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SFOIdentity_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMichael_Higgins" class="citation web cs1">Michael Higgins. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.franciscanfriarstor.com/archive/theorder/Secular_Franciscans/stf_identity_and_affiliation.htm">"Identity and Affiliation"</a>. The Franciscans, TOR<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 June</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Identity+and+Affiliation&rft.pub=The+Franciscans%2C+TOR&rft.au=Michael+Higgins&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.franciscanfriarstor.com%2Farchive%2Ftheorder%2FSecular_Franciscans%2Fstf_identity_and_affiliation.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecular+Franciscan+Order" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SFOConst-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SFOConst_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nafra-sfo.org/GC2000.doc">"General Constitutions of the Secular Franciscan Order"</a>. US National Fraternity SFO<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 December</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=General+Constitutions+of+the+Secular+Franciscan+Order&rft.pub=US+National+Fraternity+SFO&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nafra-sfo.org%2FGC2000.doc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecular+Franciscan+Order" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jarrett-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Jarrett_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jarrett_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14637b.htm">Jarrett, Bede, Ferdinand Heckmann, Benedict Zimmerman, Livarius Oliger, Odoric Jouve, Lawrence Hess, and John Doyle. "Third Orders." The Catholic Encyclopedia</a> Vol. 14. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1912. 13 June 2016</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Habig-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Habig_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://secularfranciscansusa.org/event/bl-luchesius/2024-04-28/"><i>The Franciscan Book of Saints</i>. (Marion Habig, ed.)</a> Franciscan Herald Press, 1979, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780819907516" title="Special:BookSources/9780819907516">9780819907516</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NA-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NA_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14637b.htm">New Advent website, ‘Third Orders’</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/12505a.htm">Phillips, Edward. "Léon Abel Provancher." The Catholic Encyclopedia</a> Vol. 12. 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Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F48521">10.1093/ref:odnb/48521</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ingham%2C+Alice+%5Bname+in+religion+Mary+Francis%5D+%281830%E2%80%931890%29%2C+Roman+Catholic+nun&rft.btitle=Oxford+Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.series=Oxford+Dictionary+of+National+Biography&rft.edition=online&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2004-09-23&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fref%3Aodnb%2F48521&rft.aulast=O%27Brien&rft.aufirst=Susan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Foxforddnb.com%2Fview%2Farticle%2F48521&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecular+Franciscan+Order" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(Subscription or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxforddnb.com/help/subscribe#public">UK public library membership</a> required.)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ofsgb.org/">National Fraternity of the Secular Franciscan Order in Great Britain (OFSGB)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.highlanes.ie/Content.aspx?PageID=71">"Highlanes Gallery - The Franciscans in Drogheda"</a>. <i>www.highlanes.ie</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Francis [afterw.] and tertiary record</i></a>. 1878.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Franciscan+annals+and+monthly+bulletin+of+the+third+order+of+st.+Francis+%5Bafterw.%5D+and+tertiary+record&rft.date=1878&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DuPIDAAAAQAAJ%26q%3DHistory%2Bof%2Bthe%2Bthird%2BOrder%2BFranciscans%2Bin%2BIreland%26pg%3DPA215&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecular+Franciscan+Order" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mattt-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-mattt_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoylan1998" class="citation book cs1">Boylan, Henry (1998). <i>A Dictionary of Irish Biography, 3rd Edition</i>. Dublin: Gill and MacMillan. p. 419. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7171-2945-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-7171-2945-4"><bdi>0-7171-2945-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Dictionary+of+Irish+Biography%2C+3rd+Edition&rft.place=Dublin&rft.pages=419&rft.pub=Gill+and+MacMillan&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0-7171-2945-4&rft.aulast=Boylan&rft.aufirst=Henry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecular+Franciscan+Order" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.franciscansdublin.ie/church/secular-franciscan-order-sfo/">"Secular Franciscan Order SFO | Franciscans Dublin"</a>. <i>www.franciscansdublin.ie</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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September 24, 2014</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ladypovertyregion.org/about-the-secular-franciscan-order">"About the Secular Franciscan Order"</a>. <i>Lady Poverty Region - Secular Franciscan Order</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-07-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Lady+Poverty+Region+-+Secular+Franciscan+Order&rft.atitle=About+the+Secular+Franciscan+Order&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fladypovertyregion.org%2Fabout-the-secular-franciscan-order&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecular+Franciscan+Order" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-francon-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-francon_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.franciscanconnection.org/about/franciscans.htm">"---Franciscan Connection---"</a>. <i>www.franciscanconnection.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 June</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Franciscan+Rule+-+Commentary&rft.pub=The+Franciscans%2C+TOR&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.franciscanfriarstor.com%2Farchive%2Fresources%2Fstf_commentary_on_the%2520holy_rule.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecular+Franciscan+Order" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Seraphicus-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Seraphicus_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Seraphicus_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPope_Paul_VI" class="citation web cs1">Pope Paul VI. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/holy_father/paul_vi/apost_letters/documents/hf_p-vi_apl_19780624_seraphicus-patriarcha_lt.html">"Seraphicus Patriarcha (in Latin)"</a>. The Vatican<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 June</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Seraphicus+Patriarcha+%28in+Latin%29&rft.pub=The+Vatican&rft.au=Pope+Paul+VI&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vatican.va%2Fholy_father%2Fpaul_vi%2Fapost_letters%2Fdocuments%2Fhf_p-vi_apl_19780624_seraphicus-patriarcha_lt.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecular+Franciscan+Order" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SFOConst1-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SFOConst1_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://secularfranciscansusa.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/GC2000.pdf">General Constitutions of the Secular Franciscan Order</a> art. 1 § 5. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 November</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Speech+of+Pope+Pius+XII&rft.pub=The+Catholic+Resistance+in+Canada&rft.date=1956-07-01&rft.au=Pope+Pius+XII&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ecclesiamilitans.com%2Faddress_to_franciscan_tertiaries.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecular+Franciscan+Order" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EWTN-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EWTN_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EWTN_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EWTN_34-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EWTN_34-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFValentin_Breton" class="citation web cs1">Valentin Breton. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ewtn.com/library/SPIRIT/FRANSPIR.TXT">"Franciscan Spirituality"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 November</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Franciscan+Spirituality&rft.pub=EWTN&rft.au=Valentin+Breton&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ewtn.com%2Flibrary%2FSPIRIT%2FFRANSPIR.TXT&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecular+Franciscan+Order" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SFOAU-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SFOAU_35-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SFOAU_35-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SFOAU_35-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SFOAU_35-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPatrick_Colbourne" class="citation web cs1">Patrick Colbourne. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sfo.franciscans.org.au/sfo04/3charism.htm">"The Franciscan Charism in the Rule of the Secular Franciscan Order"</a>. SFO Australia<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 November</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Franciscan+Charism+in+the+Rule+of+the+Secular+Franciscan+Order&rft.pub=SFO+Australia&rft.au=Patrick+Colbourne&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsfo.franciscans.org.au%2Fsfo04%2F3charism.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecular+Franciscan+Order" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-StigmataofStFrancis-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-StigmataofStFrancis_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://stigmataofstfrancis.org/faq/">"Frequently Asked Questions"</a>. Secular Franciscan Fraternity, Stigmata of St Francis<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 November</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Frequently+Asked+Questions&rft.pub=Secular+Franciscan+Fraternity%2C+Stigmata+of+St+Francis&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstigmataofstfrancis.org%2Ffaq%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecular+Franciscan+Order" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ciofs.org/youfra/index.php/en/test-3">"ABOUT US"</a>. <i>www.ciofs.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-07-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.ciofs.org&rft.atitle=ABOUT+US&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ciofs.org%2Fyoufra%2Findex.php%2Fen%2Ftest-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecular+Franciscan+Order" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FranciscanBrothersOfPeace-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FranciscanBrothersOfPeace_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.brothersofpeace.org/index.php/vocations/secular-franciscan-order">"Vocations"</a>. Franciscan Brothers of Peace<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 November</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Vocations&rft.pub=Franciscan+Brothers+of+Peace&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.brothersofpeace.org%2Findex.php%2Fvocations%2Fsecular-franciscan-order&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecular+Franciscan+Order" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ofsgb-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ofsgb_39-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ofsgb_39-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ofsgb.org/join-us/">Secular Franciscan Order of Great Britain website, ‘Join Us’ page</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-USA-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-USA_40-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-USA_40-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-USA_40-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-USA_40-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-USA_40-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-USA_40-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-USA_40-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-USA_40-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-USA_40-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-USA_40-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-USA_40-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-USA_40-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-USA_40-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-USA_40-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-USA_40-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-USA_40-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-USA_40-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-USA_40-17"><sup><i><b>r</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-USA_40-18"><sup><i><b>s</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-USA_40-19"><sup><i><b>t</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-USA_40-20"><sup><i><b>u</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-USA_40-21"><sup><i><b>v</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-USA_40-22"><sup><i><b>w</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-USA_40-23"><sup><i><b>x</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-USA_40-24"><sup><i><b>y</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-USA_40-25"><sup><i><b>z</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-USA_40-26"><sup><i><b>aa</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.secularfranciscansusa.org/faq-items/are-there-any-well-known-or-famous-secular-franciscans/">Secular Franciscans USA website, FAQs</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/news/northern-ireland/forgotten-official-ira-man-joe-mccann-was-part-of-republican-revival-in-60s-35303770.html">"Forgotten Official IRA man Joe McCann was part of republican revival in 60s"</a>. <i>Belfasttelegraph</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Belfasttelegraph&rft.atitle=Forgotten+Official+IRA+man+Joe+McCann+was+part+of+republican+revival+in+60s&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.belfasttelegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fnorthern-ireland%2Fforgotten-official-ira-man-joe-mccann-was-part-of-republican-revival-in-60s-35303770.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecular+Franciscan+Order" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> This article incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHerbermann1913" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/Third_Orders" class="extiw" title="s:Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Third Orders">Third Orders</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a></i>. New York: Robert Appleton Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Third+Orders&rft.btitle=Catholic+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Robert+Appleton+Company&rft.date=1913&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecular+Franciscan+Order" class="Z3988"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Secular_Franciscan_Order&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.secularfranciscansusa.org/">Secular Franciscan Order USA website</a> Practical information about the order</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Secular_Franciscan_Order&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeonard_FoleyJovian_WeigelPatti_Normile2000" class="citation book cs1">Leonard Foley; Jovian Weigel; Patti Normile (2000). <i>To Live As Francis Lived: A Guide for Secular Franciscans (The Path of Franciscan Spirituality)</i>. Cincinnati, Ohio: St. Anthony Messenger Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-86716-396-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-86716-396-8"><bdi>0-86716-396-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=To+Live+As+Francis+Lived%3A+A+Guide+for+Secular+Franciscans+%28The+Path+of+Franciscan+Spirituality%29&rft.place=Cincinnati%2C+Ohio&rft.pub=St.+Anthony+Messenger+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-86716-396-8&rft.au=Leonard+Foley&rft.au=Jovian+Weigel&rft.au=Patti+Normile&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASecular+Franciscan+Order" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links_2">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Secular_Franciscan_Order&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: External 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of Assisi"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Francis_of_Assisi" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Francis_of_Assisi" title="Francis of Assisi">Francis of Assisi</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Franciscans" title="Franciscans">Organisations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Friars_Minor" title="Order of Friars Minor">Order of Friars Minor</a> (<a href="/wiki/Custody_of_the_Holy_Land" title="Custody of the Holy Land">Custody of the Holy Land</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poor_Clares" title="Poor Clares">Order of Saint Clare</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Secular Franciscan Order</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Third_Order_of_Saint_Francis" title="Third Order of Saint Francis">Third Order of Saint Francis</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="10" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:StFrancis_part.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/StFrancis_part.jpg/120px-StFrancis_part.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/StFrancis_part.jpg/180px-StFrancis_part.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/StFrancis_part.jpg/240px-StFrancis_part.jpg 2x" data-file-width="735" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Works by Francis</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canticle_of_the_Sun" title="Canticle of the Sun">Canticle of the Sun</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Created</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sanctuary_of_Greccio" title="Sanctuary of Greccio">Sanctuary of Greccio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nativity_scene" title="Nativity scene">Nativity scene (live)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Honors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_Saints_Francis_and_Catherine" title="Feast of Saints Francis and Catherine">Feast of Saints Francis and Catherine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Animal_Day" title="World Animal Day">World Animal Day</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Literature about</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Little_Flowers_of_St._Francis" title="Little Flowers of St. Francis">Little Flowers of St. Francis</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Visual art</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Nativity_with_Saint_Francis_and_Saint_Lawrence" title="Nativity with Saint Francis and Saint Lawrence">Nativity with Saint Francis and Saint Lawrence</a></i> (Caravaggio)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Saint_Francis_in_Meditation_(Caravaggio)" title="Saint Francis in Meditation (Caravaggio)">Saint Francis in Meditation</a></i> (Caravaggio)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Saint_Francis_in_Prayer_(Caravaggio)" title="Saint Francis in Prayer (Caravaggio)">Saint Francis in Prayer</a></i> (Caravaggio)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Saint_Francis_of_Assisi_in_Ecstasy_(Caravaggio)" title="Saint Francis of Assisi in Ecstasy (Caravaggio)">Saint Francis of Assisi in Ecstasy</a></i> (Caravaggio)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Saint_Francis_Receiving_the_Stigmata_(Giotto)" title="Saint Francis Receiving the Stigmata (Giotto)">Saint Francis Receiving the Stigmata</a></i> (Giotto)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Francisco_(Nuno_Gon%C3%A7alves)" title="São Francisco (Nuno Gonçalves)">São Francisco</a></i> (Gonçalves)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/St_Francis_(Francisco_de_Zurbar%C3%A1n)" title="St Francis (Francisco de Zurbarán)">St Francis</a></i> (Zurbarán)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Saint_Francis_Receiving_the_Stigmata_(van_Eyck)" title="Saint Francis Receiving the Stigmata (van Eyck)">Saint Francis Receiving the Stigmata</a></i> (van Eyck)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/St._Francis_in_Ecstasy_(Bellini)" title="St. Francis in Ecstasy (Bellini)">St. Francis in Ecstasy</a></i> (Bellini)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Saint_Francis_of_Assisi_in_Ecstasy_(El_Greco,_1600)" title="Saint Francis of Assisi in Ecstasy (El Greco, 1600)">Saint Francis of Assisi in Ecstasy</a></i> (studio of El Greco)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/St._Francis_in_Ecstasy_(Zurbar%C3%A1n)" title="St. Francis in Ecstasy (Zurbarán)">St. Francis in Ecstasy</a></i> (Zurbarán)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Music</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/All_Creatures_of_Our_God_and_King" title="All Creatures of Our God and King">All Creatures of Our God and King</a>"</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Canticle_of_the_Sun_(Sowerby)" title="The Canticle of the Sun (Sowerby)">The Canticle of the Sun</a></i> (Sowerby)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Le_Laudi" title="Le Laudi">Le Laudi</a></i> (Suter oratorio)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deux_l%C3%A9gendes_(Liszt)" title="Deux légendes (Liszt)"><i>Légende No. 1</i> (Liszt)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Laudato_si%27_(oratorio)" title="Laudato si' (oratorio)">Laudato si'</a></i> (Reulein oratorio)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Quatre_petites_pri%C3%A8res_de_saint_Fran%C3%A7ois_d%27Assise" title="Quatre petites prières de saint François d'Assise">Quatre petites prières de saint François d'Assise</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Stage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Nobilissima_Visione" title="Nobilissima Visione">Nobilissima Visione</a></i> (1938 ballet)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Saint_Fran%C3%A7ois_d%27Assise" title="Saint François d'Assise">Saint François d'Assise</a></i> (1983 Messiaen opera)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Samstag_aus_Licht" title="Samstag aus Licht">Samstag aus Licht</a></i> (1983 Stockhausen opera)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Frate_Sole" title="Frate Sole">Frate Sole</a></i> (1918)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Flowers_of_St._Francis" title="The Flowers of St. Francis">The Flowers of St. Francis</a></i> (1950)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Francis_of_Assisi_(film)" title="Francis of Assisi (film)">Francis of Assisi</a></i> (1961)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Francesco_di_Assisi" title="Francesco di Assisi">Francesco di Assisi</a></i> (1966)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Brother_Sun,_Sister_Moon" title="Brother Sun, Sister Moon">Brother Sun, Sister Moon</a></i> (1972)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Francesco_(1989_film)" title="Francesco (1989 film)">Francesco</a></i> (1989)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/St._Francis_(film)" title="St. Francis (film)">St. Francis</a></i> (2002)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Clare_and_Francis" title="Clare and Francis">Clare and Francis</a></i> (2007)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_places_named_after_Saint_Francis" title="List of places named after Saint Francis">List of places named after Saint Francis</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Madonna_of_Foligno" title="Madonna of Foligno">Madonna of Foligno</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolf_of_Gubbio" title="Wolf of Gubbio">Wolf of Gubbio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discalced" title="Discalced">Discalced</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prayer_of_Saint_Francis" title="Prayer of Saint Francis">Prayer of Saint Francis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_Saint_Francis" title="Society of Saint Francis">Society of Saint Francis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Francis" title="Pope Francis">Pope Francis</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Sermon_of_St._Francis" title="The Sermon of St. Francis">The Sermon of St. Francis</a>" (poem)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pranchiyettan_%26_the_Saint" title="Pranchiyettan & the Saint">Pranchiyettan & the Saint</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background-color:gold"><div><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:046CupolaSPietro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/16px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/24px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/32px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Catholicism">Catholicism portal</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Franciscans" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist wraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background: #A0522D; color: white;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Franciscans" title="Template:Franciscans"><abbr title="View this template" style="color: white">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Franciscans" title="Template talk:Franciscans"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color: white">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Franciscans" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Franciscans"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color: white">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Franciscans" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Franciscans" title="Franciscans"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Franciscans</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background: #A0522D; color: white;"><div>Organisations founded or inspired by <a href="/wiki/Francis_of_Assisi" title="Francis of Assisi"><b><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Saint Francis</span></b></a> (1181–1226)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #A0522D; color: white;;width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rule_of_Saint_Francis" title="Rule of Saint Francis">Rule of Saint Francis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clare_of_Assisi" title="Clare of Assisi">Rule of Saint Clare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tau_cross" title="Tau cross">Tau Cross</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Franciscan_Crown" title="Franciscan Crown">Franciscan Crown</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Custos_(Franciscans)" title="Custos (Franciscans)">Custos</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Custody_of_the_Holy_Land" title="Custody of the Holy Land">Custodian of the Holy Land</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minister_General_(Franciscan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister General (Franciscan)">Minister General</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ministers_general_of_the_Order_of_Friars_Minor" class="mw-redirect" title="List of ministers general of the Order of Friars Minor">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_Saint_Francis_of_Assisi" title="Basilica of Saint Francis of Assisi">Basilica of Saint Francis of Assisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assisi" title="Assisi">Assisi</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mount_of_piety" title="Mount of piety">Monte di Pietá</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franciscan_missions_to_the_Maya" title="Franciscan missions to the Maya">Franciscan missions to the Maya</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Studium_Biblicum_Franciscanum" title="Studium Biblicum Franciscanum">Studium Biblicum Franciscanum</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franciscans_International" title="Franciscans International">Franciscans International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franciscan_spirituality_in_Protestantism" title="Franciscan spirituality in Protestantism">Franciscan spirituality in Protestantism</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px;padding:0.8em 0.9em 3em;"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FrancescoCoA_PioM.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="PioM"><img alt="PioM" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/FrancescoCoA_PioM.svg/80px-FrancescoCoA_PioM.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="49" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/FrancescoCoA_PioM.svg/120px-FrancescoCoA_PioM.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/FrancescoCoA_PioM.svg/160px-FrancescoCoA_PioM.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1917" data-file-height="1172" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #A0522D; color: white;;width:1%">Orders<br />and groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Friars_Minor" title="Order of Friars Minor">Order of Friars Minor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Friars_Minor_Conventual" title="Order of Friars Minor Conventual">Order of Friars Minor Conventual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Friars_Minor_Capuchin" title="Order of Friars Minor Capuchin">Order of Friars Minor Capuchin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franciscan_Friars_of_the_Immaculate" title="Franciscan Friars of the Immaculate">Franciscan Friars of the Immaculate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franciscan_Friars_of_the_Renewal" title="Franciscan Friars of the Renewal">Franciscan Friars of the Renewal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poor_Clares" title="Poor Clares">Poor Clares</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capuchin_Poor_Clares" title="Capuchin Poor Clares">Capuchin Poor Clares</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colettine_Poor_Clares" title="Colettine Poor Clares">Colettine Poor Clares</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conceptionists" title="Conceptionists">Conceptionists</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Secular Franciscan Order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Order_of_Saint_Francis" title="Third Order of Saint Francis">Third Order of Saint Francis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brothers_and_Sisters_of_Penance_of_Saint_Francis" title="Brothers and Sisters of Penance of Saint Francis">Brothers and Sisters of Penance of Saint Francis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minims_(religious_order)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minims (religious order)">Order of Minims</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Militia_Immaculatae" title="Militia Immaculatae">Militia Immaculatae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franciscan_Minims_of_the_Perpetual_Help_of_Mary" title="Franciscan Minims of the Perpetual Help of Mary">Franciscan Minims of the Perpetual Help of Mary</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #A0522D; color: white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Popes</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_IX" title="Pope Gregory IX">Gregory IX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_X" title="Pope Gregory X">Gregory X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Nicholas_IV" title="Pope Nicholas IV">Nicholas IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Sixtus_IV" title="Pope Sixtus IV">Sixtus IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Julius_II" title="Pope Julius II">Julius II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Sixtus_V" title="Pope Sixtus V">Sixtus V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Clement_XIV" title="Pope Clement XIV">Clement XIV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_X" title="Pope Pius X">Pius X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_John_XXIII" title="Pope John XXIII">John XXIII</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background: #A0522D; color: 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style="background-color:gold"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Catholic_laity" title="Template:Catholic laity"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Catholic_laity" title="Template talk:Catholic laity"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Catholic_laity" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Catholic laity"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Catholic_laity" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_laity" title="Catholic laity">Catholic laity</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background-color:gold"><div>Organizations of <a href="/wiki/Catholic_laity" title="Catholic laity">lay</a> members of the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a> who are neither in <a href="/wiki/Holy_orders_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Holy orders in the Catholic Church">holy orders</a> nor members of <a href="/wiki/Religious_institute" title="Religious institute">religious institutes</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Personal_ordinariate" title="Personal ordinariate">Personal ordinariates</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Personal_prelature" title="Personal prelature">prelatures</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Personal_Apostolic_Administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Personal Apostolic Administration">apostolic<br />administrations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_ordinariate" title="Military ordinariate">Military ordinariates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordinariate_for_Eastern_Catholic_faithful" title="Ordinariate for Eastern Catholic faithful">Ordinariate for Eastern Catholic faithful</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opus_Dei" title="Opus Dei">Opus Dei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglican_Use" title="Anglican Use">Anglican Use</a>: <a href="/wiki/Personal_Ordinariate_of_the_Chair_of_Saint_Peter" title="Personal Ordinariate of the Chair of Saint Peter">Chair of Saint Peter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Personal_Ordinariate_of_Our_Lady_of_the_Southern_Cross" title="Personal Ordinariate of Our Lady of the Southern Cross">Our Lady of the Southern Cross</a>, <a href="/wiki/Personal_Ordinariate_of_Our_Lady_of_Walsingham" title="Personal Ordinariate of Our Lady of Walsingham">Our Lady of Walsingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_Apostolic_Administration_of_Saint_John_Mary_Vianney" title="Personal Apostolic Administration of Saint John Mary Vianney">Saint John Mary Vianney</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/50px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/75px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/100px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="815" data-file-height="1105" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Third_order" title="Third order">Third orders</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Augustinian_Recollects" title="Order of Augustinian Recollects">Order of Augustinian Recollects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_order#Third_Order_of_Saint_Augustine" title="Third order">Order of Saint Augustine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oblates_of_Saint_Benedict" class="mw-redirect" title="Oblates of Saint Benedict">Oblates of Saint Benedict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secular_Order_of_Discalced_Carmelites" title="Secular Order of Discalced Carmelites">Secular Order of Discalced Carmelites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Order_of_Saint_Dominic" title="Third Order of Saint Dominic">Order of Saint Dominic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Order_of_Saint_Francis" title="Third Order of Saint Francis">Order of Saint Francis</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Secular Franciscan Order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Blessed_Virgin_Mary_of_Mercy" title="Order of the Blessed Virgin Mary of Mercy">Order of Mercy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Minims" title="Order of Minims">Order of Minims</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Order_Secular_of_the_Most_Holy_Trinity" class="mw-redirect" title="Third Order Secular of the Most Holy Trinity">Order Secular of the Most Holy Trinity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premonstratensians" title="Premonstratensians">Order of Saint Norbert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lay_Carmelites" title="Lay Carmelites">Order of Our Lady of Mount Carmel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_Salesian_Cooperators" title="Association of Salesian Cooperators">Association of Salesian Cooperators</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Servite_Order" title="Servite Order">Order of Servites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Confraternity" title="Confraternity">Confraternities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Archconfraternity" title="Archconfraternity">Archconfraternities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archconfraternity_of_the_Holy_Family" title="Archconfraternity of the Holy Family">Archconfraternity of the Holy Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archconfraternity_of_the_Most_Precious_Blood" title="Archconfraternity of the Most Precious Blood">Archconfraternity of the Most Precious Blood</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Confraternities_of_the_Cord" title="Confraternities of the Cord">Confraternities of the Cord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confraternity_of_penitents" title="Confraternity of penitents">Confraternity of Penitents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flagellant_confraternities" title="Flagellant confraternities">Flagellant confraternities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purgatorial_society" title="Purgatorial society">Purgatorial society</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Individual</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Confraternity_of_Christian_Doctrine" title="Confraternity of Christian Doctrine">Confraternity of Christian Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confraternity_of_Catholic_Saints" title="Confraternity of Catholic Saints">Confraternity of Catholic Saints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confraternity_of_the_Rosary" title="Confraternity of the Rosary">Confraternity of the Rosary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bona_Mors_Confraternity" title="Bona Mors Confraternity">Bona Mors Confraternity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Children_of_Mary_of_the_Sacred_Heart" title="Children of Mary of the Sacred Heart">Children of Mary of the Sacred Heart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hospitalit%C3%A9_Notre_Dame_de_Lourdes" title="Hospitalité Notre Dame de Lourdes">Hospitalité Notre Dame de Lourdes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illustrious_Brotherhood_of_Our_Blessed_Lady" title="Illustrious Brotherhood of Our Blessed Lady">Illustrious Brotherhood of Our Blessed Lady</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penitentes_(New_Mexico)" title="Penitentes (New Mexico)">Penitentes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penitential_Brotherhood_of_the_Holy_Eucharist" title="Penitential Brotherhood of the Holy Eucharist">Penitential Brotherhood of the Holy Eucharist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_the_Holy_Name" title="Society of the Holy Name">Society of the Holy Name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venerabile_Arciconfraternita_della_Misericordia_di_Firenze" title="Venerabile Arciconfraternita della Misericordia di Firenze">Ven. Arc. Misericordia di Florence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_and_Venerable_Confraternity_of_the_Most_Blessed_Sacrament_of_Mafra" title="Royal and Venerable Confraternity of the Most Blessed Sacrament of Mafra">RVISSM</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Directory_of_International_Associations_of_the_Faithful" title="Directory of International Associations of the Faithful">International<br />associations<br />of the faithful</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catenian_Association" title="Catenian Association">Catenian Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemin_Neuf_Community" title="Chemin Neuf Community">Chemin Neuf Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Life_Community" title="Christian Life Community">Christian Life Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Life_Movement" title="Christian Life Movement">Christian Life Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooperators_of_Opus_Dei" class="mw-redirect" title="Cooperators of Opus Dei">Cooperators of Opus Dei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Couples_for_Christ" title="Couples for Christ">Couples for Christ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cursillo" title="Cursillo">Cursillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communion_and_Liberation" title="Communion and Liberation">Communion and Liberation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Community" title="Emmanuel Community">Emmanuel Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fimcap" title="Fimcap">FIMCAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Focolare_Movement" title="Focolare Movement">Focolare Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heralds_of_the_Gospel" title="Heralds of the Gospel">Heralds of the Gospel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Alliance_of_Catholic_Knights" title="International Alliance of Catholic Knights">International Alliance of Catholic Knights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Catholic_Conference_of_Scouting" title="International Catholic Conference of Scouting">International Catholic Conference of Scouting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Federation_of_Catholic_Universities" title="International Federation of Catholic Universities">International Federation of Catholic Universities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolph_Kolping" title="Adolph Kolping">International Kolping Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Catholic_Esperantists" title="International Union of Catholic Esperantists">International Union of Catholic Esperantists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lay_Claretian_Movement" title="Lay Claretian Movement">Lay Claretian Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%27Arche" title="L'Arche">L'Arche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legion_of_Mary" title="Legion of Mary">Legion of Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Militia_Christi" class="mw-redirect" title="Militia Christi">Militia Christi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Militia_Immaculatae" title="Militia Immaculatae">Militia of the Immaculata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neocatechumenal_Way" title="Neocatechumenal Way">Neocatechumenal Way</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pax_Romana_(organization)" title="Pax Romana (organization)">Pax Romana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priests_for_Life" title="Priests for Life">Priests for Life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regnum_Christi" title="Regnum Christi">Regnum Christi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_of_Sant%27Egidio" title="Community of Sant'Egidio">Sant'Egidio Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SIGNIS" title="SIGNIS">SIGNIS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schoenstatt_Apostolic_Movement" title="Schoenstatt Apostolic Movement">Schoenstatt Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teams_of_Our_Lady" title="Teams of Our Lady">Teams of Our Lady</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teresian_Association" class="mw-redirect" title="Teresian Association">Teresian Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Guides_and_Scouts_of_Europe" title="International Union of Guides and Scouts of Europe">UIGSE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Catholic_Apostolate" title="Union of Catholic Apostolate">Union of Catholic Apostolate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Association_of_the_Christian_faithful" title="Association of the Christian faithful">Other associations<br />of the faithful</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostolate_for_Family_Consecration" title="Apostolate for Family Consecration">Apostolate for Family Consecration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_Vatican_Lay_Workers" title="Association of Vatican Lay Workers">Association of Vatican Lay Workers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Charismatic_Renewal" title="Catholic Charismatic Renewal">Catholic Charismatic Renewal</a> (<a href="/wiki/Can%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Nova" title="Canção Nova">Canção Nova</a>) (<a href="/wiki/Shalom_Catholic_Community" title="Shalom Catholic Community">Shalom Catholic Community</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Christian_Outreach" title="Catholic Christian Outreach">Catholic Christian Outreach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Worker_Movement" title="Catholic Worker Movement">Catholic Worker Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fellowship_of_Catholic_University_Students" title="Fellowship of Catholic University Students">Fellowship of Catholic University Students</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madonna_House_Apostolate" title="Madonna House Apostolate">Madonna House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryknoll_Lay_Missioners" title="Maryknoll Lay Missioners">Maryknoll Lay Missioners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NET_Ministries" title="NET Ministries">NET Ministries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope%27s_Worldwide_Prayer_Network" title="Pope's Worldwide Prayer Network">Pope's Worldwide Prayer Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Angels_Foundation" title="Queen of Angels Foundation">Queen of Angels Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Paul%27s_Outreach" title="Saint Paul's Outreach">Saint Paul's Outreach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_Saint_Vincent_de_Paul" title="Society of Saint Vincent de Paul">Society of Saint Vincent de Paul</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Movements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Marian_movements_and_societies" title="Catholic Marian movements and societies">Catholic Marian movements and societies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Action" title="Catholic Action">Catholic Action</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azione_Cattolica" title="Azione Cattolica">Azione Cattolica</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Women%27s_League" title="Catholic Women's League">Catholic Women's League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Worker_Movement" title="Catholic Worker Movement">Catholic Worker Movement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_Movement_of_Christian_Workers" title="World Movement of Christian Workers">World Movement of Christian Workers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Christian_Workers" title="Young Christian Workers">Young Christian Workers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Family_Movement" title="Christian Family Movement">Christian Family Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courage_International" title="Courage International">Courage International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Shaddai_(movement)" title="El Shaddai (movement)">El Shaddai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_Rosary_Crusade" title="Family Rosary Crusade">Family Rosary Crusade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fidesco_International" title="Fidesco International">Fidesco International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pilgrimage_to_Chartres" title="Pilgrimage to Chartres">Notre-Dame de Chrétienté</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theology_on_Tap" title="Theology on Tap">Theology on Tap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voice_of_the_Faithful" title="Voice of the Faithful">Voice of the Faithful</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Men%27s_Institute" title="Young Men's Institute">Young Men's Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/We_Are_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="We Are Church">We Are Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_catechesis" title="Catholic catechesis">Catholic catechesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic Congress">Catholic Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Extension" title="Catholic Extension">Catholic Extension</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_higher_education" title="Catholic higher education">Catholic higher education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_youth_work" title="Catholic youth work">Catholic youth work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_campus_ministry" title="Catholic campus ministry">Catholic campus ministry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dicastery_for_the_Laity,_Family_and_Life" title="Dicastery for the Laity, Family and Life">Dicastery for the Laity, Family and Life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lay_Centre_at_Foyer_Unitas" title="Lay Centre at Foyer Unitas">Lay Centre at Foyer Unitas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_Catholics" title="Lists of Catholics">Lists of Catholics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Council_for_the_Laity" title="Pontifical Council for the Laity">Pontifical Council for the Laity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiz%C3%A9_Community" title="Taizé Community">Taizé Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_call_to_holiness" title="Universal call to holiness">Universal call to holiness</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Charities" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_charities" title="Catholic charities">Charities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aid_to_the_Church_in_Need" title="Aid to the Church in Need">Aid to the Church in Need</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caritas_Internationalis" title="Caritas Internationalis">Caritas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Charities_USA" title="Catholic Charities USA">Catholic Charities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Home_Missions" title="Catholic Home Missions">Home Missions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Near_East_Welfare_Association" title="Catholic Near East Welfare Association">CNEWA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Relief_Services" title="Catholic Relief Services">Relief Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CIDSE" title="CIDSE">CIDSE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pax_Christi" title="Pax Christi">Pax Christi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_Saint_Vincent_de_Paul" title="Society of Saint Vincent de Paul">Society of Saint Vincent de Paul</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background-color:gold"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:046CupolaSPietro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/16px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" 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scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:gold"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Catholic_Church_footer" title="Template:Catholic Church footer"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Catholic_Church_footer" title="Template talk:Catholic Church footer"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Catholic_Church_footer" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Catholic Church footer"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Catholic_Church" class="wraplinks" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:gold"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Catholic_Church_articles" title="Index of Catholic Church articles">Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Outline of the Catholic Church">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Glossary of the Catholic Church">Glossary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_Catholics" title="Lists of Catholics">Lists of Catholics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="History of the Catholic Church">History</a><br /><small><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Timeline of the Catholic Church">Timeline</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_history_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Ecclesiastical history of the Catholic Church">Ecclesiastical</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Legal_history_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Legal history of the Catholic Church">Legal</a></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Early_Christianity" title="Early Christianity">Early Church</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Christianity" title="Jesus in Christianity">Jesus</a> <a href="/wiki/Christ_(title)" title="Christ (title)">Christ</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Jesus" title="Ministry of Jesus">Ministry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crucifixion_of_Jesus" title="Crucifixion of Jesus">Crucifixion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resurrection_of_Jesus" title="Resurrection of Jesus">Resurrection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Commission" title="Great Commission">Great Commission</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostles_in_the_New_Testament" title="Apostles in the New Testament">Apostles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_succession" title="Apostolic succession">Succession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primacy_of_Peter" title="Primacy of Peter">Petrine primacy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_Fathers" title="Church Fathers">Church fathers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Fathers" title="Apostolic Fathers">Apostolic fathers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_papacy" title="History of the papacy">History of the papacy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_papal_primacy" title="History of papal primacy">Primacy</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Great_Church" title="Great Church">Great Church</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_ante-Nicene_period" title="Christianity in the ante-Nicene period">Ante-Nicene period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_the_Great_and_Christianity" title="Constantine the Great and Christianity">Constantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_seven_ecumenical_councils" title="First seven ecumenical councils">First seven ecumenical councils</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Council_of_Nicaea" title="First Council of Nicaea">Nicaea I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Chalcedon" title="Council of Chalcedon">Chalcedon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_late_antiquity" title="Christianity in late antiquity">Late antiquity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_canon" title="Biblical canon">Biblical canon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_monasticism" title="Christian monasticism">Monasticism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="Christianity in the Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_Muslim_conquests" title="Early Muslim conquests">Islamic conquests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_I" title="Pope Gregory I">Pope Gregory I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East%E2%80%93West_Schism" title="East–West Schism">Schism (1054)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Investiture_Controversy" title="Investiture Controversy">Investiture Controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crusades" title="Crusades">Crusades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Schism" title="Western Schism">Schism (1378)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inquisition" title="Inquisition">Inquisition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_university" title="Medieval university">Universities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scholasticism" title="Scholasticism">Scholasticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_the_Age_of_Discovery" title="Catholic Church and the Age of Discovery">Age of Discovery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_modern_era" title="Christianity in the modern era">Modern era</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_Protestant" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic Church and Protestant">Protestantism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reformation" title="Reformation">Protestant Reformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counter-Reformation" title="Counter-Reformation">Catholic Reformation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Trent" title="Council of Trent">Trent</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirty_Years%27_War" title="Thirty Years' War">Thirty Years' War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Age_of_Enlightenment" title="Age of Enlightenment">Enlightenment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dechristianization_of_France_during_the_French_Revolution" title="Dechristianization of France during the French Revolution">French Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_Nazi_Germany" title="Catholic Church and Nazi Germany">Nazism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Vatican_Council" title="Second Vatican Council">Vatican II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See%E2%80%93Soviet_Union_relations" title="Holy See–Soviet Union relations">Communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_sexual_abuse_cases" title="Catholic Church sexual abuse cases">Sexual abuse scandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_Islam" title="Catholic Church and Islam">Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_Catholic_Church" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Catholic Church">COVID-19 pandemic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_theology" title="Catholic theology">Theology</a><br /><small><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Bible" title="Catholic Bible">Bible</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Catholic_tradition" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic tradition">Tradition</a><br /><i><a href="/wiki/Catechism_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Catechism of the Catholic Church">Catechism</a></i></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="General" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:12em">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/God_in_Christianity" title="God in Christianity">God</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trinity" title="Trinity">Trinity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingship_and_kingdom_of_God" title="Kingship and kingdom of God">Kingdom</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_theology_on_the_body" title="Catholic theology on the body">Body and soul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divine_grace" title="Divine grace">Divine grace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dogma_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Dogma in the Catholic Church">Dogma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicene_Creed" title="Nicene Creed">Nicene Creed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Original_sin" title="Original sin">Original sin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Catholic_saints" title="List of Catholic saints">Saints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvation_in_Christianity" title="Salvation in Christianity">Salvation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sermon_on_the_Mount" title="Sermon on the Mount">Sermon on the Mount</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ten_Commandments_in_Catholic_theology" title="Ten Commandments in Catholic theology">Ten Commandments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulgate" title="Vulgate">Vulgate</a></li> <li>Official Bible <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sixtine_Vulgate" title="Sixtine Vulgate">Sixtine Vulgate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sixto-Clementine_Vulgate" title="Sixto-Clementine Vulgate">Sixto-Clementine Vulgate</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nova_Vulgata" title="Nova Vulgata">Nova Vulgata</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_worship" title="Christian worship">Worship</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_ecclesiology" title="Catholic ecclesiology">Ecclesiology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Communitas_perfecta" title="Communitas perfecta">Communitas perfecta</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_ecumenical_councils" title="Catholic ecumenical councils">Councils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_ecumenism" title="Catholic Church and ecumenism">Ecumenism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Marks_of_the_Church" title="Four Marks of the Church">Four marks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/One_true_church" title="One true church">One true church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholicity" title="Catholicity">Catholic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infallibility_of_the_Church" title="Infallibility of the Church">Infallibility</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mystici_Corporis_Christi" title="Mystici Corporis Christi">Mystici Corporis Christi</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_of_God" title="People of God">People of God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Churches_Militant,_Penitent,_and_Triumphant" title="Churches Militant, Penitent, and Triumphant">Three states</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Subsistit_in" title="Subsistit in">Subsistit in</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy,_theology,_and_fundamental_theory_of_Catholic_canon_law" title="Philosophy, theology, and fundamental theory of Catholic canon law">In canon law</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Sacraments_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Sacraments of the Catholic Church">Sacraments</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baptism" title="Baptism">Baptism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confirmation_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Confirmation in the Catholic Church">Confirmation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eucharist_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Eucharist in the Catholic Church">Eucharist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacrament_of_Penance" title="Sacrament of Penance">Penance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anointing_of_the_Sick_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Anointing of the Sick in the Catholic Church">Anointing of the Sick</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Last_rites" title="Last rites">Last rites</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_orders_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Holy orders in the Catholic Church">Holy orders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Marriage in the Catholic Church">Matrimony</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Mariology" title="Catholic Mariology">Mariology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assumption_of_Mary" title="Assumption of Mary">Assumption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Catholic_Mariology" title="History of Catholic Mariology">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immaculate_Conception" title="Immaculate Conception">Immaculate Conception</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariology_of_the_popes" title="Mariology of the popes">Mariology of the popes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariology_of_the_saints" title="Mariology of the saints">Mariology of the saints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theotokos" title="Theotokos">Mother of God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perpetual_virginity_of_Mary" title="Perpetual virginity of Mary">Perpetual virginity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veneration_of_Mary_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Veneration of Mary in the Catholic Church">Veneration</a></li> <li>See also:</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josephology" title="Josephology">Josephology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christian_philosophy" title="Christian philosophy">Philosophy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Natural_law" title="Natural law">Natural law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_moral_theology" title="Catholic moral theology">Moral theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personalism_(Catholic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Personalism (Catholic)">Personalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_social_teaching" title="Catholic social teaching">Social teaching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Catholic_philosophers_and_theologians" title="List of Catholic philosophers and theologians">Philosophers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy,_theology,_and_fundamental_theory_of_Catholic_canon_law" title="Philosophy, theology, and fundamental theory of Catholic canon law">Philosophy of canon law</a></li> <li>See also:</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_the_Catholic_Church" title="Science and the Catholic Church">Science</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evolution_and_the_Catholic_Church" title="Evolution and the Catholic Church">Evolution</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separation_of_church_and_state" title="Separation of church and state">Separation of church and state</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Relations_between_the_Catholic_Church_and_the_state" title="Relations between the Catholic Church and the state">Relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_politics" title="Catholic Church and politics">Politics</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Saint_(Catholic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint (Catholic)">Saints</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Family" title="Holy Family">Holy Family</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mary,_mother_of_Jesus" title="Mary, mother of Jesus">Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Joseph" title="Saint Joseph">Joseph</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriarch" title="Patriarch">Patriarchs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prophets_of_Christianity" title="Prophets of Christianity">Prophets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archangel" title="Archangel">Archangels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_martyr" title="Christian martyr">Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_the_Church" title="Doctor of the Church">Doctors of the Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Evangelists" title="Four Evangelists">Evangelists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confessor_of_the_Faith" title="Confessor of the Faith">Confessors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disciple_(Christianity)" title="Disciple (Christianity)">Disciples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_(title)" title="Virgin (title)">Virgins</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Organisation<br /><small><a href="/wiki/Hierarchy_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Hierarchy of the Catholic Church">Hierarchy</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Canon_law_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Canon law of the Catholic Church">Canon law</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Catholic_laity" title="Catholic laity">Laity</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Order_of_precedence_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Order of precedence in the Catholic Church">Precedence</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_by_country" title="Catholic Church by country">By country</a></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/List_of_popes" title="List of popes">List of popes</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">Pope</a> <a href="/wiki/Pope_Francis" title="Pope Francis">Francis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_ecumenical_councils" title="Catholic ecumenical councils">Ecumenical councils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_of_Cardinals" title="College of Cardinals">College</a> of <a href="/wiki/Cardinal_(Catholic_Church)" title="Cardinal (Catholic Church)">Cardinals</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_living_cardinals" class="mw-redirect" title="List of living cardinals">List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Cardinal_Advisers" class="mw-redirect" title="Council of Cardinal Advisers">Advisers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Curia" title="Roman Curia">Roman Curia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dicastery" title="Dicastery">Dicasteries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synod_of_Bishops_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Synod of Bishops in the Catholic Church">Synod of Bishops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Properties_of_the_Holy_See" title="Properties of the Holy See">Properties</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Vatican_City" title="Vatican City">Vatican City</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Vatican_City%E2%80%93related_articles" title="Index of Vatican City–related articles">Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Vatican_City" title="Outline of Vatican City">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Palace" title="Apostolic Palace">Apostolic Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lateran_Treaty" title="Lateran Treaty">Lateran Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Rota" title="Roman Rota">Roman Rota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Peter%27s_Basilica" title="St. Peter's Basilica">St. Peter's Basilica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Guard" title="Swiss Guard">Swiss Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Museums" title="Vatican Museums">Vatican Museums</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_polity" title="Ecclesiastical polity">Polity</a> (<a href="/wiki/Holy_orders_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Holy orders in the Catholic Church">Holy orders</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Catholic_dioceses_(structured_view)" title="List of Catholic dioceses (structured view)">Diocese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_conference" title="Episcopal conference">Episcopal conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eparchy#Church_hierarchy" title="Eparchy">Eparchy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishops_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Bishops in the Catholic Church">Bishop</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patriarch" title="Patriarch">Patriarch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Major_archbishop" title="Major archbishop">Major</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primate_(bishop)" title="Primate (bishop)">Primate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_bishop" title="Metropolitan bishop">Metropolitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archbishop" title="Archbishop">Archbishop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diocesan_bishop" title="Diocesan bishop">Diocesan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coadjutor_bishop" title="Coadjutor bishop">Coadjutor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auxiliary_bishop" title="Auxiliary bishop">Auxiliary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titular_bishop" title="Titular bishop">Titular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_emeritus" class="mw-redirect" title="Pope emeritus">Emeritus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parish_(Catholic_Church)" title="Parish (Catholic Church)">Parish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priesthood_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Priesthood in the Catholic Church">Priest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deacon" title="Deacon">Deacon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Consecrated_life" title="Consecrated life">Consecrated life</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religious_(Western_Christianity)" title="Religious (Western Christianity)">Religious</a>:</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superior_(hierarchy)" title="Superior (hierarchy)">Superior</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abbot" title="Abbot">Abbot</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abbess" title="Abbess">Abbess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superior_general_(Christianity)" title="Superior general (Christianity)">General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provincial_superior" title="Provincial superior">Provincial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prior_(ecclesiastical)" title="Prior (ecclesiastical)">Prior, Prioress</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_master_(order)" title="Grand master (order)">Grand master</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_brother" title="Religious brother">Brother</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Friar" title="Friar">Friar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monk" title="Monk">Monk</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_sister" title="Religious sister">Sister</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_nun" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic nun">Nun</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermit" title="Hermit">Hermit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novitiate" title="Novitiate">Novice</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Novice_master" title="Novice master">Master</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oblate" title="Oblate">Oblate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postulant" title="Postulant">Postulant</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_particular_churches_and_liturgical_rites" title="Catholic particular churches and liturgical rites">Particular churches</a><br /><i><a href="/wiki/Sui_iuris" title="Sui iuris">sui iuris</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latin_Church" title="Latin Church">Latin Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_Churches" title="Eastern Catholic Churches">Eastern Catholic Churches</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Albanian Greek Catholic Church">Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Catholic_Church" title="Armenian Catholic Church">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Belarusian Greek Catholic Church">Belarusian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Bulgarian Greek Catholic Church">Bulgarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaldean_Catholic_Church" title="Chaldean Catholic Church">Chaldean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coptic_Catholic_Church" title="Coptic Catholic Church">Coptic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Catholic_Church_of_Croatia_and_Serbia" title="Greek Catholic Church of Croatia and Serbia">Croatian and Serbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eritrean_Catholic_Church" title="Eritrean Catholic Church">Eritrean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Catholic_Church" title="Ethiopian Catholic Church">Ethiopian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Georgia" title="Catholic Church in Georgia">Georgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Byzantine_Catholic_Church" title="Greek Byzantine Catholic Church">Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Hungarian Greek Catholic Church">Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italo-Albanian_Catholic_Church" title="Italo-Albanian Catholic Church">Italo-Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Macedonian Greek Catholic Church">Macedonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maronite_Church" title="Maronite Church">Maronite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melkite_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Melkite Greek Catholic Church">Melkite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Romanian Greek Catholic Church">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Russian Greek Catholic Church">Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruthenian_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Ruthenian Greek Catholic Church">Ruthenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Slovak Greek Catholic Church">Slovak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_Catholic_Church" title="Syriac Catholic Church">Syriac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syro-Malabar_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Syro-Malabar Catholic Church">Syro-Malabar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syro-Malankara_Catholic_Church" title="Syro-Malankara Catholic Church">Syro-Malankara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church">Ukrainian</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_liturgy" title="Catholic liturgy">Catholic liturgy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_liturgy" title="Eastern Catholic liturgy">Eastern Catholic liturgy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexandrian_liturgical_rites" title="Alexandrian liturgical rites">Alexandrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antiochene_Rite" title="Antiochene Rite">Antiochian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Rite" title="Armenian Rite">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Rite" title="Byzantine Rite">Byzantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Syriac_Rite" title="East Syriac Rite">East Syriac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Syriac_Rite" title="West Syriac Rite">West Syriac</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malankara_Rite" title="Malankara Rite">Malankara</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_liturgical_rites" title="Latin liturgical rites">Latin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ambrosian_Rite" title="Ambrosian Rite">Ambrosian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rite_of_Braga" title="Rite of Braga">Braga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozarabic_Rite" title="Mozarabic Rite">Mozarabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Rite" title="Roman Rite">Roman</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mass_of_Paul_VI" title="Mass of Paul VI">Paul VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tridentine_Mass" title="Tridentine Mass">Tridentine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglican_Use" title="Anglican Use">Anglican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaire_Use" title="Zaire Use">Zaire</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic culture">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_art" title="Catholic art">Art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marian_art_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Marian art in the Catholic Church">Marian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Catholic_artists" title="List of Catholic artists">Artists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Catholic_writers" title="List of Catholic writers">Writers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_Catholic_church_buildings" title="Lists of Catholic church buildings">Church buildings</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Altarpiece" title="Altarpiece">Altarpieces</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_Catholicism" title="Folk Catholicism">Folk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Library" title="Vatican Library">Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Museums" title="Vatican Museums">Museums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Catholic_music" title="Category:Catholic music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orders,_decorations,_and_medals_of_the_Holy_See" title="Orders, decorations, and medals of the Holy See">Distinctions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Role_of_Christianity_in_civilization" title="Role of Christianity in civilization">Role in civilisation</a></li> <li>See also:</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Criticism of the Catholic Church">Criticism of the Catholic Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Catholicism" title="Anti-Catholicism">Anti-Catholicism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Catholic_media" title="Category:Catholic media">Media</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See_Press_Office" title="Holy See Press Office">Holy See Press Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Media" title="Vatican Media">Vatican Media</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_News" title="Vatican News">Vatican News</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Television_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Vatican Television Center">Vatican Television Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Radio" title="Vatican Radio">Vatican Radio</a></li></ul></li> <li>Vatican Polyglot Press</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/L%27Osservatore_Romano" title="L'Osservatore Romano">L'Osservatore Romano</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Acta_Apostolicae_Sedis" title="Acta Apostolicae Sedis">Acta Apostolicae Sedis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Annuario_Pontificio" title="Annuario Pontificio">Annuario Pontificio</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religious_order_(Catholic)" title="Religious order (Catholic)">Religious orders</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Religious_institute" title="Religious institute">institutes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Society_of_apostolic_life" title="Society of apostolic life">societies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assumptionists" title="Assumptionists">Assumptionists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Annunciation_of_the_Blessed_Virgin_Mary" title="Order of the Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin Mary">Annonciades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustinians" title="Augustinians">Augustinians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Saint_Basil_the_Great" title="Order of Saint Basil the Great">Basilians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benedictines" title="Benedictines">Benedictines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bethlehemites" title="Bethlehemites">Bethlehemites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Most_Holy_Annunciation" title="Order of the Most Holy Annunciation">Blue nuns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camaldolese" title="Camaldolese">Camaldoleses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camillians" title="Camillians">Camillians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carmelites" title="Carmelites">Carmelites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carthusians" title="Carthusians">Carthusians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cistercians" title="Cistercians">Cistercians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poor_Clares" title="Poor Clares">Clarisses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conceptionists" title="Conceptionists">Conceptionists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canons_Regular_of_the_Order_of_the_Holy_Cross" title="Canons Regular of the Order of the Holy Cross">Crosiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Order" title="Dominican Order">Dominicans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franciscans" title="Franciscans">Franciscans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_of_Our_Lady_of_Charity_of_the_Good_Shepherd" title="Congregation of Our Lady of Charity of the Good Shepherd">Good Shepherd Sisters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hieronymites" title="Hieronymites">Hieronymites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesuits" title="Jesuits">Jesuits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legionaries_of_Christ" title="Legionaries of Christ">Legionaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Blessed_Virgin_Mary_of_Mercy" title="Order of the Blessed Virgin Mary of Mercy">Mercedarians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Minims" title="Order of Minims">Minims</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olivetans" title="Olivetans">Olivetans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oratory_of_Saint_Philip_Neri" title="Oratory of Saint Philip Neri">Oratorians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piarists" title="Piarists">Piarists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premonstratensians" title="Premonstratensians">Premonstratensians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redemptoristines" title="Redemptoristines">Redemptoristines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Servite_Order" title="Servite Order">Servites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatines" title="Theatines">Theatines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trappists" title="Trappists">Trappists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinitarians" title="Trinitarians">Trinitarians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Visitation_of_Holy_Mary" title="Order of the Visitation of Holy Mary">Visitandines</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Association_of_the_Christian_faithful" title="Association of the Christian faithful">Associations<br />of the faithful</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Confraternity" title="Confraternity">Confraternities</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_lay_organisations" title="Catholic lay organisations">Lay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Marian_movements_and_societies" title="Catholic Marian movements and societies">Marian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_youth_work" title="Catholic youth work">Youth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Movement_of_Christian_Workers" title="World Movement of Christian Workers">Workers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_order" title="Third order">Third orders</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Third_Order_of_Saint_Dominic" title="Third Order of Saint Dominic">Saint Dominic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lay_Carmelites" title="Lay Carmelites">Lay Carmelites</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Secular_Order_of_Discalced_Carmelites" title="Secular Order of Discalced Carmelites">Discalced</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Order_of_Saint_Francis" title="Third Order of Saint Francis">Saint Francis</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Secular</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_order_(religious_society)#International" title="Military order (religious society)">Military orders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fimcap" title="Fimcap">Fimcap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Action" title="Catholic Action">Catholic Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Charismatic_Renewal" title="Catholic Charismatic Renewal">Charismatic Renewal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communion_and_Liberation" title="Communion and Liberation">Communion and Liberation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_of_Sant%27Egidio" title="Community of Sant'Egidio">Sant'Egidio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Focolare_Movement" title="Focolare Movement">Focolare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Alliance_of_Catholic_Knights" title="International Alliance of Catholic Knights">International Alliance of Catholic Knights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Catholic_Conference_of_Scouting" title="International Catholic Conference of Scouting">Scouting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legion_of_Mary" title="Legion of Mary">Legion of Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neocatechumenal_Way" title="Neocatechumenal Way">Neocatechumenal Way</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opus_Dei" title="Opus Dei">Opus Dei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schoenstatt_Apostolic_Movement" title="Schoenstatt Apostolic Movement">Schoenstatt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_charities" title="Catholic charities">Charities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aid_to_the_Church_in_Need" title="Aid to the Church in Need">Aid to the Church in Need</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caritas_Internationalis" title="Caritas Internationalis">Caritas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Charities_USA" title="Catholic Charities USA">Catholic Charities USA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Home_Missions" title="Catholic Home Missions">Home Missions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Relief_Services" title="Catholic Relief Services">Relief Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CIDSE" title="CIDSE">CIDSE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pax_Christi" title="Pax Christi">Pax Christi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_Saint_Vincent_de_Paul" title="Society of Saint Vincent de Paul">Society of Saint Vincent de Paul</a><br /></li> <li>See also:</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_health_care" title="Catholic Church and health care">Health care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_school" title="Catholic school">Schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_higher_education" title="Catholic higher education">Universities</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:gold"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:046CupolaSPietro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/16px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/24px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/32px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" 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