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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lexical_affixes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Lexical affixes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lexical_affixes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Orthographic_affixes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Orthographic_affixes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Orthographic affixes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Orthographic_affixes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Affix</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 81 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-81" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">81 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affiks" title="Affiks – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Affiks" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%AF%D8%A9_(%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9)" title="زائدة (لغة) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="زائدة (لغة)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afixu" title="Afixu – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Afixu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9E%C9%99kil%C3%A7i" title="Şəkilçi – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Şəkilçi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DA%A9" title="اک – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="اک" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kruna_tiron" title="Kruna tiron – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Kruna tiron" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%84%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%81" title="Аффикс – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Аффикс" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%84%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%81" title="Афікс – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Афікс" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%84%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%81" title="Афікс – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Афікс" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="एफ़िक्स – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="एफ़िक्स" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afiks" title="Afiks – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Afiks" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenger" title="Kenger – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Kenger" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afix" title="Afix – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Afix" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%84%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%81" title="Аффикс – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Аффикс" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iglalanggikit" title="Iglalanggikit – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Iglalanggikit" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afix" title="Afix – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Afix" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dodiad" title="Dodiad – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Dodiad" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bi%C9%9Blimpahirili" title="Biɛlimpahirili – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Biɛlimpahirili" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affiks" title="Affiks – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Affiks" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affix_(Linguistik)" title="Affix (Linguistik) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Affix (Linguistik)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afiks" title="Afiks – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Afiks" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CF%81%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%86%CF%85%CE%BC%CE%B1" title="Πρόσφυμα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πρόσφυμα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afijo" title="Afijo – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Afijo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afikso" title="Afikso – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Afikso" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hizki" title="Hizki – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Hizki" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF" title="وند – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="وند" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affixe" title="Affixe – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Affixe" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affiks" title="Affiks – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Affiks" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afixo" title="Afixo – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Afixo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%91%EC%82%AC" title="접사 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="접사" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%AE%D5%A1%D5%B6%D6%81" title="Ածանց – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ածանց" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afixo" title="Afixo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Afixo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afiks" title="Afiks – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Afiks" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affixo" title="Affixo – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Affixo" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%84%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%81" title="Аффикс – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Аффикс" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C3%B0skeyti" title="Aðskeyti – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Aðskeyti" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affisso" title="Affisso – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Affisso" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%AA" title="מוספית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מוספית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afiks" title="Afiks – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Afiks" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98" title="აფიქსი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="აფიქსი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%84%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%81" title="Аффикс – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Аффикс" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiambishi" title="Kiambishi – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kiambishi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gire" title="Gire – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Gire" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D2%AF%D1%87%D3%A9" title="Мүчө – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Мүчө" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affixum" title="Affixum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Affixum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afikss" title="Afikss – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Afikss" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afiksas" title="Afiksas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Afiksas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/rafsi" title="rafsi – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="rafsi" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toldal%C3%A9k" title="Toldalék – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Toldalék" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%81" title="Афикс – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Афикс" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsirinteny" title="Tsirinteny – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Tsirinteny" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affiss" title="Affiss – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Affiss" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imbuhan" title="Imbuhan – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Imbuhan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affix" title="Affix – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Affix" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8E%A5%E8%BE%9E" title="接辞 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="接辞" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affiks" title="Affiks – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Affiks" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affiks" title="Affiks – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Affiks" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affiks" title="Affiks – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Affiks" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affix" title="Affix – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Affix" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formant_(morfologia)" title="Formant (morfologia) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Formant (morfologia)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afixo" title="Afixo – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Afixo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afix" title="Afix – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Afix" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%84%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%81" title="Аффикс – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Аффикс" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ndajshtesa" title="Ndajshtesa – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Ndajshtesa" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affix" title="Affix – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Affix" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obrazilo" title="Obrazilo – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Obrazilo" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%81" title="Афикс – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Афикс" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affiksi" title="Affiksi – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Affiksi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affix" title="Affix – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Affix" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panlapi" title="Panlapi – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Panlapi" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A1" title="หน่วยคำเติม – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="หน่วยคำเติม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%84%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%81" title="Аффикс – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Аффикс" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ek" title="Ek – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ek" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%84%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%81" title="Афікс – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Афікс" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ph%E1%BB%A5_t%E1%BB%91" title="Phụ tố – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Phụ tố" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sititchete_(linwince)" title="Sititchete (linwince) – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Sititchete (linwince)" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tigdugtong" title="Tigdugtong – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Tigdugtong" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%AF%8D%E7%BC%80" title="词缀 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="词缀" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A9%9E%E7%B6%B4" title="詞綴 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="詞綴" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%A9%9E%E7%B6%B4" title="詞綴 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="詞綴" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%A3%E2%B5%A1%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%94" title="ⴰⵣⵡⵉⵔ – Standard Moroccan Tamazight" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⴰⵣⵡⵉⵔ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="Standard Moroccan Tamazight" 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.sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="background:#ddddff;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Affixes</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding:0.4em 2.0em;"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Affix</a>(<a href="/wiki/Prefix" title="Prefix">Prefix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suffix" title="Suffix">Suffix</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circumfix" title="Circumfix">Circumfix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reduplication" title="Reduplication">Duplifix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infix" title="Infix">Infix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libfix" title="Libfix">Libfix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interfix" title="Interfix">Interfix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transfix" title="Transfix">Transfix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simulfix" title="Simulfix">Simulfix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suprafix" title="Suprafix">Suprafix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disfix" title="Disfix">Disfix</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> See also:</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding:0.4em 2.0em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Null_morpheme" title="Null morpheme">Null morpheme</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Affixes" title="Template:Affixes"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Affixes" title="Template talk:Affixes"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Affixes" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Affixes"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Linguistics" title="Linguistics">linguistics</a>, an <b>affix</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Morpheme" title="Morpheme">morpheme</a> that is attached to a <a href="/wiki/Word_stem" title="Word stem">word stem</a> to form a new word or word form. The main two categories are <a href="/wiki/Morphological_derivation" title="Morphological derivation">derivational</a> and <a href="/wiki/Inflection" title="Inflection">inflectional</a> affixes. Derivational affixes, such as <i>un-</i>, <i>-ation</i>, <i>anti-</i>, <i>pre-</i> etc., introduce a semantic change to the word they are attached to. Inflectional affixes introduce a syntactic change, such as singular into plural (e.g. <i>-(e)s</i>), or present simple <a href="/wiki/Grammatical_tense" title="Grammatical tense">tense</a> into present continuous or past tense by adding <i>-ing</i>, <i>-ed</i> to an English word. All of them are <a href="/wiki/Bound_morpheme" class="mw-redirect" title="Bound morpheme">bound morphemes</a> by definition; <a href="/wiki/Prefix" title="Prefix">prefixes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Suffix" title="Suffix">suffixes</a> may be <a href="/wiki/Separable_affix" class="mw-redirect" title="Separable affix">separable affixes</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Affixes,_infixes_and_their_variations"><span id="Affixes.2C_infixes_and_their_variations"></span>Affixes, infixes and their variations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Affix&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Affixes, infixes and their variations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Changing a word by adding a morpheme at its beginning is called <i>prefixation</i>, in the middle is called <i>infixation</i>, and at the end is called <i>suffixation</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Categories of affixes </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Affix</th> <th>Example</th> <th>Schema</th> <th>Description </th></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Prefix" title="Prefix">Prefix</a></b></td> <td><span style="color:#009900;">un</span>-do</td> <td><span style="color:#009900;">prefix</span>-stem</td> <td>Appears before the stem </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Prefixoid</b>/<b>semi-prefix</b>/<b>pseudo-prefix</b><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><span style="color:#009900;">flexi</span>-cover</td> <td><span style="color:#009900;">prefixoid</span>-stem</td> <td>Appears before the stem, but is only partially bound to it </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Suffix" title="Suffix">Suffix</a></b>/<b>postfix</b></td> <td>look-<span style="color:#009900;">ing</span></td> <td>stem-<span style="color:#009900;">suffix</span></td> <td>Appears after the stem </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Suffixoid</b><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>/<b>semi-suffix</b><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>/<b>pseudo-suffix</b></td> <td>cat-<span style="color:#009900;">like</span></td> <td>stem-<span style="color:#009900;">suffixoid</span></td> <td>Appears after the stem, but is only partially bound to it </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Infix" title="Infix">Infix</a></b><br />(see also <a href="/wiki/Tmesis" title="Tmesis">tmesis</a>)</td> <td>edu<span style="color:#009900;"><span class="nowrap">⟨ma⟩</span></span>cated</td> <td>st<span style="color:#009900;"><span class="nowrap">⟨infix⟩</span></span>em</td> <td>Appears within a stem — common e.g. in <a href="/wiki/Austronesian_languages" title="Austronesian languages">Austronesian languages</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Circumfix" title="Circumfix">Circumfix</a></b></td> <td><span style="color:#009900;">en</span>⟩light⟨<span style="color:#009900;">en</span></td> <td><span style="color:#009900;">circumfix</span>⟩stem⟨<span style="color:#009900;">circumfix</span></td> <td>One portion appears before the stem, the other after </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Interfix" title="Interfix">Interfix</a></b></td> <td>speed-<span style="color:#009900;">o</span>-meter</td> <td>stem<sub>a</sub>-<span style="color:#009900;">interfix</span>-stem<sub>b</sub></td> <td>Links two stems together in a <a href="/wiki/Compound_word" class="mw-redirect" title="Compound word">compound</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Duplifix" class="mw-redirect" title="Duplifix">Duplifix</a></b></td> <td>money~<span style="color:#009900;">shmoney</span> (<a href="/wiki/Shm-reduplication" title="Shm-reduplication">shm-reduplication</a>)</td> <td>stem~<span style="color:#009900;">duplifix</span></td> <td>Incorporates a <a href="/wiki/Reduplication" title="Reduplication">reduplicated</a> portion of a stem<br />(may occur before, after, or within the stem) </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Transfix" title="Transfix">Transfix</a></b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Maltese_language" title="Maltese language">Maltese</a>: k<span style="color:#009900;"><span class="nowrap">⟨i⟩</span></span>t<span style="color:#009900;"><span class="nowrap">⟨e⟩</span></span>b "he wrote"<br />(compare root <i>ktb</i> "write")</td> <td>s<span style="color:#009900;"><span class="nowrap">⟨transfix⟩</span></span>te<span style="color:#009900;"><span class="nowrap">⟨transfix⟩</span></span>m</td> <td>A discontinuous affix that interleaves within a discontinuous stem </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Simulfix" title="Simulfix">Simulfix</a></b></td> <td>m<span style="color:#009900;">ou</span>se → m<span style="color:#009900;">i</span>ce</td> <td>stem\<span style="color:#009900;">simulfix</span></td> <td>Changes a segment of a stem </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Suprafix" title="Suprafix">Suprafix</a></b></td> <td><i>pro</i>duce (noun)<br />pro<i>duce</i> (verb)</td> <td>stem\<span style="color:#009900;">suprafix</span></td> <td>Changes a <a href="/wiki/Suprasegmental" class="mw-redirect" title="Suprasegmental">suprasegmental</a> feature of a stem </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Disfix" title="Disfix">Disfix</a></b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alabama_language" title="Alabama language">Alabama</a>: tipli "break up"<br />(compare root <i>tip<span style="color:#009900;">as</span>li</i> "break")</td> <td>st<span style="color:#009900;">⟩disfix⟨</span>em</td> <td>The <a href="/wiki/Elision" title="Elision">elision</a> of a portion of a stem </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i>Prefix</i> and <i>suffix</i> may be subsumed under the term <i>adfix</i>, in contrast to <i>infix.</i><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When marking text for <a href="/wiki/Interlinear_gloss" title="Interlinear gloss">interlinear glossing</a>, as shown in the third column in the chart above, simple affixes such as prefixes and suffixes are separated from the stem with hyphens. Affixes which disrupt the stem, or which themselves are discontinuous, are often marked off with angle brackets. Reduplication is often shown with a tilde. Affixes which cannot be segmented are marked with a back slash. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lexical_affixes">Lexical affixes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Affix&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Lexical affixes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Semantically speaking, <i>lexical affixes</i> or <i>semantic affixes</i>, when compared with free nouns, often have a more generic or general meaning. For example, one denoting "water in a general sense" may not have a noun equivalent because all the nouns denote more specific meanings such as "saltwater", "whitewater", etc. (while in other cases the lexical suffixes have become <a href="/wiki/Grammaticalization" title="Grammaticalization">grammaticalized</a> to various degrees.) Although they behave as <a href="/wiki/Incorporated_noun" class="mw-redirect" title="Incorporated noun">incorporated noun</a> roots/stems within verbs and as elements of <a href="/wiki/Noun" title="Noun">nouns</a>, they never occur as freestanding nouns. Lexical affixes are relatively rare and are used in <a href="/wiki/Wakashan_languages" title="Wakashan languages">Wakashan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Salishan_languages" title="Salishan languages">Salishan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Chimakuan_languages" title="Chimakuan languages">Chimakuan languages</a> — the presence of these is an <a href="/wiki/Areal_feature" title="Areal feature">areal feature</a> of the Pacific Northwest of <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a> - where they show little to no resemblance to free nouns with similar meanings. Compare the lexical suffixes and free nouns of <a href="/wiki/Saanich_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Saanich language">Northern Straits Saanich</a> written in the Saanich orthography and in <a href="/wiki/Americanist_phonetic_notation" title="Americanist phonetic notation">Americanist notation</a>: </p> <table class="IPA wikitable"> <tbody><tr style="font-size: 85%; background: #efefef;"> <th colspan="3">Lexical Suffix </th> <th colspan="3">Noun </th></tr> <tr> <td>-o, </td> <td>-aʔ </td> <td>"person" </td> <td>, ełtálṉew̱ </td> <td>ʔəɬtelŋəxʷ </td> <td>"person" </td></tr> <tr> <td>-nát </td> <td>-net </td> <td>"day" </td> <td>sȼićel </td> <td>skʷičəl </td> <td>"day" </td></tr> <tr> <td>-sen </td> <td>-sən </td> <td>"foot, lower leg" </td> <td>sxene, </td> <td>sx̣ənəʔ </td> <td>"foot, lower leg" </td></tr> <tr> <td>-áwtw̱ </td> <td>-ew̕txʷ </td> <td>"building, house, campsite" </td> <td>, á,leṉ </td> <td>ʔeʔləŋ </td> <td>"house" </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Some linguists have claimed that these lexical suffixes provide only adverbial or adjectival notions to verbs. Other linguists disagree, arguing that they may additionally be syntactic <a href="/wiki/Verb_argument" class="mw-redirect" title="Verb argument">arguments</a> just as free nouns are and, thus, equating lexical suffixes with incorporated nouns. Gerdts (2003) gives examples of lexical suffixes in the <a href="/wiki/Halkomelem_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Halkomelem language">Halkomelem language</a> (the <a href="/wiki/Word_order" title="Word order">word order</a> here is <a href="/wiki/Verb%E2%80%93subject%E2%80%93object" class="mw-redirect" title="Verb–subject–object">verb–subject–object</a>): </p> <dl><dd><table class="IPA wikitable"> <tbody><tr style="line-height: 1.0em; font-size: 75%"> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td style="background: #bbbbff">VERB </td> <td style="background: #ffebad">SUBJ </td> <td style="background: #ffbbbb">OBJ </td></tr> <tr> <td>(1) </td> <td>niʔ </td> <td>šak’ʷ-ət-əs </td> <td>łə słeniʔ </td> <td><span style="color:#008000"><u>łə qeq</u></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td colspan="4">"the woman washed <span style="color:#008000"><u>the baby</u></span>" </td></tr> <tr style="line-height: 1.0em; font-size: 75%"> <td bgcolor="white" colspan="5">  </td></tr> <tr style="line-height: 1.0em; font-size: 75%"> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td style="background: #bbbbff">VERB<span style="color:#009900">+LEX.SUFF</span> </td> <td style="background: #ffebad">SUBJ </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>(2) </td> <td>niʔ </td> <td>šk’ʷ<span style="color:#009900"><u>-əyəł</u></span> </td> <td>łə słeniʔ </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td colspan="4">"the woman <span style="color:#009900"><u>baby</u></span>-washed" </td></tr></tbody></table></dd></dl> <p>In sentence (1), the verb "wash" is <b>šak’ʷətəs</b> where <b>šak’ʷ-</b> is the root and <b>-ət</b> and <b>-əs</b> are inflectional suffixes. The subject "the woman" is <b>łə słeniʔ</b> and the object <span style="color:#008000">"the baby"</span> is <span style="color:#008000"><b>łə qeq</b></span>. In this sentence, "the baby" is a free noun. (The <b>niʔ</b> here is an <a href="/wiki/Auxiliary_verb" title="Auxiliary verb">auxiliary</a>, which can be ignored for explanatory purposes.) </p><p>In sentence (2), <span style="color:#009900">"baby"</span> does not appear as a free noun. Instead it appears as the lexical suffix <span style="color:#009900"><b>-əyəł</b></span> which is affixed to the verb root <b>šk’ʷ-</b> (which has changed slightly in pronunciation, but this can also be ignored here). The lexical suffix is neither "the baby" (<a href="/wiki/Definiteness" title="Definiteness">definite</a>) nor "a baby" (indefinite); such referential changes are routine with incorporated nouns. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Orthographic_affixes">Orthographic affixes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Affix&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Orthographic affixes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Orthography" title="Orthography">orthography</a>, the terms for affixes may be used for the smaller elements of conjunct characters. For example, <a href="/wiki/Maya_script" title="Maya script">Maya glyphs</a> are generally compounds of a <i>main sign</i> and smaller <i>affixes</i> joined at its margins. These are called <i>prefixes, superfixes, postfixes,</i> and <i>subfixes</i> according to their position to the left, on top, to the right, or at the bottom of the main glyph. A small glyph placed inside another is called an <i>infix.</i><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similar terminology is found with the conjunct consonants of the <a href="/wiki/Indic_alphabets" class="mw-redirect" title="Indic alphabets">Indic alphabets</a>. For example, the <a href="/wiki/Tibetan_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Tibetan alphabet">Tibetan alphabet</a> utilizes prefix, suffix, superfix, and subfix consonant letters.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Affix&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agglutination" title="Agglutination">Agglutination</a> – Process of word formation by combining morphemes of singular meaning</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augmentative" title="Augmentative">Augmentative</a> – Linguistic morphological form</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binary_prefix" title="Binary prefix">Binary prefix</a> – Symbol placed before units of digital information to indicate multiplication by a power of two</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clitic" title="Clitic">Clitic</a> – Morpheme with syntactic characteristics of a word but with phonological dependence on another word</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combining_form" class="mw-redirect" title="Combining form">Combining form</a> – Compound words composed from Latin or ancient Greek<span style="display:none" class="category-annotation-with-redirected-description">Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concatenation" title="Concatenation">Concatenation</a> – Joining of strings in a programming language</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diminutive" title="Diminutive">Diminutive</a> – Word modified to convey a slighter degree</li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_prefixes" class="mw-redirect" title="English prefixes">English prefixes</a> – English affixes added before a word<span style="display:none" class="category-annotation-with-redirected-description">Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_name_affixes" class="mw-redirect" title="Family name affixes">Family name affixes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet-related_prefixes" title="Internet-related prefixes">Internet-related prefixes</a> – such as e-, i-, cyber-, info-, techno- and net- are added to a wide range of existing words to describe new, Internet- or computer-related flavors of existing concepts<span style="display:none" class="category-wikidata-fallback-annotation">Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marker_(linguistics)" title="Marker (linguistics)">Marker (linguistics)</a> – free or bound morpheme that indicates the grammatical function of the marked word, phrase, or sentence<span style="display:none" class="category-wikidata-fallback-annotation">Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morphological_derivation" title="Morphological derivation">Morphological derivation</a> – In linguistics, the process of forming a new word on the basis of an existing one</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separable_affix" class="mw-redirect" title="Separable affix">Separable affix</a> – Verb with a prefix which separates from the core verb in certain positions in a sentence<span style="display:none" class="category-annotation-with-redirected-description">Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SI_prefix" class="mw-redirect" title="SI prefix">SI prefix</a> – Order of magnitude indicator<span style="display:none" class="category-annotation-with-redirected-description">Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stemming" title="Stemming">Stemming</a> – Process of reducing words to word stems</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unpaired_word" title="Unpaired word">Unpaired word</a> – Word that would appear to have a related word but does not</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Word_formation" title="Word formation">Word formation</a> – Creation of new lexemes or the process of changing words</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Affix&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMatthews1991" class="citation book cs1">Matthews, Peter Hugoe (October 17, 1991). <i>Morphology</i> (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 131. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521422567" title="Special:BookSources/9780521422567"><bdi>9780521422567</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Morphology&rft.pages=131&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1991-10-17&rft.isbn=9780521422567&rft.aulast=Matthews&rft.aufirst=Peter+Hugoe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAffix" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFischer1998" class="citation book cs1">Fischer, Roswitha (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=H93nAVbwZwwC&q=%22semi-prefix”+“english”&pg=PA55"><i>Lexical Change in Present-day English: A Corpus-based Study of the Motivation, Institutionalization, and Productivity of Creative Neologisms</i></a>. Gunter Narr Verlag. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783823349402" title="Special:BookSources/9783823349402"><bdi>9783823349402</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lexical+Change+in+Present-day+English%3A+A+Corpus-based+Study+of+the+Motivation%2C+Institutionalization%2C+and+Productivity+of+Creative+Neologisms&rft.pub=Gunter+Narr+Verlag&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=9783823349402&rft.aulast=Fischer&rft.aufirst=Roswitha&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DH93nAVbwZwwC%26q%3D%2522semi-prefix%E2%80%9D%2B%E2%80%9Cenglish%E2%80%9D%26pg%3DPA55&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAffix" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kremer, Marion. 1997. <i>Person reference and gender in translation: a contrastive investigation of English and German</i>. Tübingen: Gunter Narr, p. 69, note 11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Marchand, Hans. 1969. <i>The categories and types of present-day English word-formation: A synchronic-diachronic approach</i>. Munich: Beck, pp. 356 ff.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPowell2012" class="citation book cs1">Powell, Barry (2012). "Glossary". <i>Writing: Theory and History of the Technology of Civilization</i>. Wiley-Blackwell. p. 255. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2F9781118293515.gloss">10.1002/9781118293515.gloss</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781118293515" title="Special:BookSources/9781118293515"><bdi>9781118293515</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Glossary&rft.btitle=Writing%3A+Theory+and+History+of+the+Technology+of+Civilization&rft.pages=255&rft.pub=Wiley-Blackwell&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2F9781118293515.gloss&rft.isbn=9781118293515&rft.aulast=Powell&rft.aufirst=Barry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAffix" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Robert Sharer & Loa Traxler, 2006, <i>The Ancient Maya,</i> Stanford University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8047-4817-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-8047-4817-9">0-8047-4817-9</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Andrew_West_(linguist)" title="Andrew West (linguist)">Andrew West</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://babelstone.blogspot.com/2006/09/precomposed-tibetan-part-1-brdarten.html">"Precomposed Tibetan Part 1 : BrdaRten"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101017112015/http://babelstone.blogspot.com/2006/09/precomposed-tibetan-part-1-brdarten.html">Archived</a> 2010-10-17 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <i>BabelStone,</i> September 14, 2006</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Affix&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGerdts2003" class="citation journal cs1">Gerdts, Donna B. (2003). "The morphosyntax of Halkomelem lexical suffixes". <i>International Journal of American Linguistics</i>. <b>69</b> (4): 345–356. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F382736">10.1086/382736</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:143721330">143721330</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+American+Linguistics&rft.atitle=The+morphosyntax+of+Halkomelem+lexical+suffixes&rft.volume=69&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=345-356&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F382736&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A143721330%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Gerdts&rft.aufirst=Donna+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAffix" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Montler" title="Timothy Montler">Montler, Timothy</a>. (1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cas.unt.edu/~montler/Saanich/Outline/index.htm"><i>An outline of the morphology and phonology of Saanich, North Straits Salish</i>.</a> Occasional Papers in Linguistics (No. 4). Missoula, MT: University of Montana Linguistics Laboratory.</li> <li>Montler, Timothy. (1991). <i>Saanich, North Straits Salish classified word list</i>. Canadian Ethnology service paper (No. 119); Mercury series. Hull, Quebec: Canadian Museum of Civilization. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-660-12908-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-660-12908-6">0-660-12908-6</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Affix&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:English_prefixes" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Appendix:English prefixes">Appendix:English_prefixes</a></b></i> or <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:English_suffixes" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Appendix:English suffixes">Appendix:English_suffixes</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/affix" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:affix">affix</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Affixes" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Affixes">Affixes</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.prefixsuffix.com/">Comprehensive and searchable affix dictionary reference</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output 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