CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="390"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "journals.aps.org",cType: 'managed',cRay: '8e97b41219aacdf6',cH: 'wKDUkl.bSFfnPBCRIjlRNC9I9BALD0Bj.oPLvjOkGVc-1732769072-1.2.1.1-G3X3yHjEbachZU3zqcqG5p87huzFQ8gk.09qfn.lqM6y347KLwI9rlgakecR1WB2',cUPMDTk: "\/prl\/abstract\/10.1103\/PhysRevLett.84.2593?__cf_chl_tk=Ao0wV5.Io3mPtN.oI2d7vi2amfRAWleqc9SPQ2shHts-1732769072-1.0.1.1-su2l6q0iYbuALmLr11a6A7rTXTrjI5c2t6W5zuutIZQ",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1732769072',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '390000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/prl\/abstract\/10.1103\/PhysRevLett.84.2593?__cf_chl_f_tk=Ao0wV5.Io3mPtN.oI2d7vi2amfRAWleqc9SPQ2shHts-1732769072-1.0.1.1-su2l6q0iYbuALmLr11a6A7rTXTrjI5c2t6W5zuutIZQ",md: "AzyguItkLFCrGJJwyumlikG.FJTs9QgWQi2_Sp0m2tk-1732769072-1.2.1.1-sfn1eikw3y_w09Ttv2SmYdAC91pSZAChtG3CjrfqeZ3bu80spPAPkew.kgWy3lPFRFARwji.6_hXdCkoaoA0yibu7RnrsBv4lYizKGYCnGDZ_M3RnjMN.udDQ01Iniq.CZXvZd2mN5NNn79YLGLUGENnalP5BoEn2.ChQy5NZRjagE3I8Y.FcQdtB5v_TFTcChr4WYuOM87EEPJk6SVwxwFpfGiG8Ex7THqQDJw3JujEAp.a.XoqcxRGmYLXURdQo5YywgLkrcsuG.yP8L22LSDY8fs7vO0f_lJfBQwDkbzxKmRtBTGeevbcR64psXw4nm56pmGAiPzAqgZtmqjLSsno48NTreu2kohKNDDmZaD.lLCefqAzFgt_R9mctUcdbf_Ytw8v6yPfPT.Y7SpLJBMSz4hORd7Jpg3sLFqwO_A1AUJdHqlM6VeetQPFAnPnjtmlYzcv4VckbSgK5FOi3xif0wkPMskeVyyTI2D_mxaQecmuCtmPjFHzJ.VbElxbedT2RDVISKqx8hzYZgF6uIHqox5GDhWZ_4Xoezm_kLBfbHniRgId5x8pg4rcWwlKuCthRRoFFSO0AIh0oSJtqPYkE8reCpdnhSuLFmcXJsZY3OJUWczN1kfI1udpFGyYlO.qfNI3LaCY_XxjvRRMpWAY1C1CSCf5o.byjIqK7GLHST2T_m1L7LNPNZj9Hl4VyfBzcoLpc7LlI3vGVqeAGYz_Tm4Se_tgdacHlyNwjuogU0tcKtzpG2sb4DrIK9EslKYSxIHAfHt4a5m0R3181wcrI6RzpIFVwgInyeS8DwqspJCw9tK3krcyEN8IOJIcOgVxi32OxTv8TdznBA82oJuL7e6FG7RiNL490Fttn.fp_QbyPZQUOXmNWstPqMVwsgR98Mu2WPHn22t2ZfdvsNLfAmbZ_bKLa_8Blgm2a73qphVhul7pQHRan2R6H88qtzJoqXO72FeCqCYwr2_nQieplF2IKnZXyjh4MfYFNkHhoNEtb.kmxR7U2_OcBVAzC5oN6xNoXGBMyMbr_BtiKR3Q.2X7RWPWQeqNrFUNHzLyr.xX.r.dxW7nnq83PyhaCpAe_GT0GKOujVL1X6ZCl7qloPr_DbKnjJ4_f.4k4L26beAFNKlYK6VcNIAAKhcKqrl5trn_jQrfB5pB.OW2pSgoGnLz.JQcBOGdAPOW3yu.c49WOMDquAccYL1mU9zJZ64icmoYxWJUSfFkrS.zgr1epK1M1nhZDRkRA.f.CdC6ujV_ntwyjTYN.l_iqZhpjQ6_3vkT1I2cdNNTunldskEMGm8UYMiVzNz217QyLGDZJE.iO4F8P_xn1RuqBNdrL9QmLMmnNFXbvMimk0USfBM56mzittlaLhRBueeXkb3Z1n3JIi17f3gcCA9G.pD5S_xD4j7RxYUb_LQfQlY5nEOpl1sjNFF5jPHoZNVTPk6GSO4ql2zRydlm69r0HCqjR7LXHPio2BX6VbT2t15CLmUkMiCNLTHOn79QAK4LOB9W34hJn89mOCSpoubu9B_nyFvLYNWweCkTalVQay4Rhvvb.3Xx5tfvjHwXdmf00ljrSJwrasPj5.2anR_VYPFJBqnLFMhaRcbqQNEMoM8XsHSHenpQ37WKrGvza7Mqxb880w32qPjqJ8rnewzjA5_v21ThqSga2biEwjEo22SJFLKF2f.esM.hxafVpQJsmyEHs8wEaT3RJn3M7pzgNmetxqdSXXn.dXVDKK4fa0XsO2fEAjlIx.EW0G.KcH1TjHigF.u._MX.Rqg0Z41mna2qylCUzNDxNrrT6nvV4BQbKeH6eFIv6Oxx39qt2HijXmVuH0OhW4Hj2Kg4Tngz1kvewUBOvMlUn5PNx8..8aHEDB2h9r0Wg5x6D0rv0E3V0vmDjC8nvKC_Y86dLLXK5DDY1BDNs12qYED_6uWQAbRfT_0bUqIlDl9g3jKrFNFeCLfw552bzR69hUHogZ0L.lxB2OIzKdh2_ksiSX94i8ICV1K9oYhyx664djETzD61uL8m56zVsmUP_O4TOVeFYAIjJh3_3XlENTaLnYvNXPOrJWw6obIoaSgZWwPqAUiiQ31br3O0s8vLztfzSje7W8zmQAQszFKug5E90pt0c0keSIrSxZaoj7IO9gWrhThqz.GM9prfWtYongdUgVORgKTvbOWU28m0WpIWpupazHR3Sm_.k1kuL.CVsmxwFXlfJKuj8xBUK7X4eXXt1Nabzo7vyNLAYd3rEB7Dk._Ra5JPTojHL9hHk6.BDNoAumqOgLb1UXLeWsGIKUfb0CJuTpGyXJS_vfmA0Tc9hYhvyxoCCfsKVKhsdHuv1oSrv77ls9VHl8DI19kXUbPdMK2_kSF2L_pukyntb_0.KpQxrl3fHhcJeYtE5nZSkoopzCh5MUlFEiCl7D24wJ7Jt5dOBi9v2Db5zjQpiIMJ.dUwPfcGDo6OmoVt6frxeC52eFp9hcV74hYE5zCEAzqZtA_BMFgTOvBd4ZYi18IqeF6O1LrINsA5OhowzRLryU3SVICkWwKUQtJNt9XScyfRWbA2wQwEYpNMiSaw2GWwj27qjJ2zN6B_MgcRC5QD0VSGBEdQr0z.kW6W35EbXGY8GKwPvlIZS74tNOoanSFNr5vQedb5dWmnNWrAm6bkOdFgkzHIpXE22qn9YaV2eJw7zurHvni2hsuOVWH2U7jmzWuTNptaQ2T1RxAN2ZnJIgX.fAIi3meuhu30Iaeh70fuoyBSPDJB55uWZ64YPTIdVE7uoj8vCEptZRo9hZ57bn0shEmj6XnghbQ0pnj.EcRxovPjgu2k30_GhwsKy82fTQYQsJzXoIaLCpxduV5Sg.4.hDY6YiAmoQxh6OAaRJcKeXhsCxNRppNa6Y_cEJNqcaPe.xitnP4vdPmeleIpGaQpwEwyPyfdJgPx_oruE.NLylOdbeOTrJ1x3lcKOkgvTjtb4MmZheQ4Jy8_DDS8OplvBMnGW8M",mdrd: "oBtQ5bRCmebzRhNcK7_.tT1OYSvdHFsV8bFcp1CqTqY-1732769072-1.2.1.1-pKAwAq4kp.weTjjhqjYjw4lXzeGDy0cQJxWM26PWyqTLgs7AxTcERukuhtfcWqSGAFX_e.6xSyAwmNsmkJP9fNV1kG3MOHOyhhjXM8RRpIDHs3G1Viat_3sBAnUAvfrj4xhzrkAe3Q4uZ8Y9pgrX58.StKfYcNiHYeIXVdshDSGFoQJ8h6pB7ZHzXYmrHr9zzSskBERkd6KQnidHWoC2y5_XUqQq5hFbApO.KSYlyImOvmUbBniAQoHM8ioJ86hMXy0.6ViA1atAa4n8ApGzOG4AaFiAJsvo2naBuW0nHHDaLE4OZHg.VIfSHfb8Z_3YJrOURrLh_vcqrh1WL.YFGrz5gJUz_fhpeLciwW4X_nMqUOSRdkNEXTcFkVxmfZH20bpn.oKw_xg30esYWnx__heO9w8avbU00eJZyZ3INM8VYYj7tNHK9QnzJT4JIr7cnD.4YyPNnkdKs5CvbsaczIdo2mBJsJb1wBZRMBf_XqCT_rjDJ2yQwugTvkUHmNqPoJGU5e3B3mqiuoSJhtxFDAzr58MxuQsQ4gNL6_IIAPpOq5zaty2mFg1SWMQz2unf8OxJCitqpGU04LfvsHkgWgsyilc9uA9j1n3LkCZ8exjMgXYB_e68WQEWcj9yqLiZyqo0kpqbJbJyVzKBjNx8pyG65jLjeiX_5VjXswgaFU7P3Qo1TOCK6bVpHFtq_LSpMbaV0bC3aZcMBX_7Q7ASb7cIG7BYEMfZdbkfdRag5ThDCP75lCFbohGYhmmTxlVRI..oaunhcmk0cG9p3ox93a6k9BDTgbsh53Kyyk5RbfadWQ3sxoOLJyqKHn1OIOxacwzgnEq_uwcsJ3_gZRA_Ygp.LEOdxBMREL38JnvF1KlMY8WxCiecZ3Sgm5ct3sThVmHzFbZNWkowGwepQhE8n2K8dSf1ZJYzAbQlwy01YhTqKEj_FE6fgZkS12saZzHNUdMWnZSY4pF1lh48EYdjXiASkgTZINfdQi3W853UjudI0haVhtWqPB77gyFY4AJKZifjiwL2Ib8kl1TKzEboFqw1bRYmasVbq1M8QDiT8IGx2ADPFftF1ureLMAeHregHdqPui7N0lOnxILzkVZ2bmE_P6Xbu7s6Ayl7I60NiXl8U9EM6j_g85SXCPEHzs_TvqjUfLbNXnSQkxnLrOzVt1HO0vI5zeiGKgcyv0JRVstDu2GyN9hhuwRZrD9GtVCEgGOzEYikB4gblW_7Kd_E0bntgIUWQgKn_VBtNGF5QMvMssbUS3E2KQnMi_v5frQBm.FxIAg8AfWIPaPVs853D6brehN9F4QxJLSN.VNaTnli9f7uel03Oo00FkjhpyiEc3DfpNNP9B.31QoPNuNsgvtHojDnqe55uY7R1JRWCTR1OWV5vwOiZJvBUo86Pr2jIoV9Imu1EYGPdJzTdIGZ3Za6_1Ggms1ndG5.guH8_Ae.E_bVGXfvOzw_4jrXC9Jh8GsMQxPxuESRMCFNE0Dqnzg5KU7Gi_2eJJcvvE5PcEs3DSn.ZM44ulZHbY9TTuCp1kyKnZvqarwiNfyTZ_dGVUUqP3Chj52LFQ_pEYKcRNnpUwvUndwtlbvWo5.kMBjVc_ocai_4LnE2uVmCKnn4unpGgQ.tGccC00vlly1HI51p9M7lYrGZu6qI6bzy.i6ltLVh_E12aCAh184DFAz7LcsZi5jIktc7x.pKcNsKVgk4_QDZQ7aCQkHl2lQ8M8.VQ3GphXAviEdXTp257SuUKFnG.q08Di8R9TDAbKwIYGADL7mJ5sqztg7MsLBagX7NwYV.JB55Fl0JVbD7i5esm6l6zk.Vljie0I4ileq7AT6J04TbMStfAynPeVNwdLkeRi1dAj2bkRU7GWHcFH7p.LIaSDA_7gnfoCGhOrHxAUvnKb2AiBfV8K1OCpQk_cQW.ui2tlIMlMRQv1EWGN0q42oq4G6s_JtdZkK6t2FJsgY"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=8e97b41219aacdf6';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/prl\/abstract\/10.1103\/PhysRevLett.84.2593?__cf_chl_rt_tk=Ao0wV5.Io3mPtN.oI2d7vi2amfRAWleqc9SPQ2shHts-1732769072-1.0.1.1-su2l6q0iYbuALmLr11a6A7rTXTrjI5c2t6W5zuutIZQ" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>