CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en-US" prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns#"> <head>  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=UA-21232956-33"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag() { dataLayer.push(arguments); } gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'UA-21232956-33'); </script> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /> <title>Assistance Association for Political Prisoners » Blog Archive » Torture in Prison</title> <meta name="generator" content="WordPress 6.7.2" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="RifPlvRHmgpC1Xi3SWYXeuo7b8faVfGOYCiL-RPHQDE" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Assistance Association for Political Prisoners RSS Feed" href="https://aappb.org/?feed=rss2" /> <link rel="pingback" href="https://aappb.org/xmlrpc.php" />  <link href='https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans:300,400,700' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css'>  <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="https://aappb.org/wp-content/themes/bordermedia/favicon/apple-touch-icon.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href="https://aappb.org/wp-content/themes/bordermedia/favicon/favicon-32x32.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href="https://aappb.org/wp-content/themes/bordermedia/favicon/favicon-16x16.png"> <meta name='robots' content='max-image-preview:large' /> <style>img:is([sizes="auto" i], [sizes^="auto," i]) { contain-intrinsic-size: 3000px 1500px }</style> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="en-us" href="https://aappb.org/?p=6431" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://aappb.org/?p=6431" />  <meta property="og:locale" content="en_US" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Torture in Prison" /> <meta property="og:description" content="GENERAL INFORMATION During interrogation and imprisonment, the use of torture techniques to extract confessions and further degrade and humiliate detainees is a commonplace occurrence in Burma. The systematic use of torture in Burmese prisons, detention centers and labor camps continues today in direct violation of international law. The International Criminal Court includes the use of widespread, systematic torture in its definition of crimes against humanity. Confessions acquired through torture are neither reliable, nor recognized by the international community. Despite the previous government’s stated intention to sign the United Nations Convention Against Torture (UNCAT) by 2014, the convention remains unsigned even" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://aappb.org/?p=6431" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Assistance Association for Political Prisoners" /> <meta property="article:section" content="Blog" /> <meta property="article:published_time" content="2017-06-26T18:47:01+07:00" /> <meta property="article:modified_time" content="2019-09-18T11:21:52+07:00" /> <meta property="og:updated_time" content="2019-09-18T11:21:52+07:00" />  <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Assistance Association for Political Prisoners » Feed" href="https://aappb.org/?feed=rss2" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Assistance Association for Political Prisoners » Comments Feed" href="https://aappb.org/?feed=comments-rss2" /> <script type="text/javascript"> /* <![CDATA[ */ window._wpemojiSettings = {"baseUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/72x72\/","ext":".png","svgUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/svg\/","svgExt":".svg","source":{"concatemoji":"https:\/\/aappb.org\/wp-includes\/js\/wp-emoji-release.min.js?ver=6.7.2"}}; /*! This file is auto-generated */ !function(i,n){var o,s,e;function c(e){try{var t={supportTests:e,timestamp:(new Date).valueOf()};sessionStorage.setItem(o,JSON.stringify(t))}catch(e){}}function p(e,t,n){e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(t,0,0);var t=new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data),r=(e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(n,0,0),new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data));return t.every(function(e,t){return e===r[t]})}function u(e,t,n){switch(t){case"flag":return n(e,"\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200d\u26a7\ufe0f","\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200b\u26a7\ufe0f")?!1:!n(e,"\ud83c\uddfa\ud83c\uddf3","\ud83c\uddfa\u200b\ud83c\uddf3")&&!n(e,"\ud83c\udff4\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc62\udb40\udc65\udb40\udc6e\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc7f","\ud83c\udff4\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc62\u200b\udb40\udc65\u200b\udb40\udc6e\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc7f");case"emoji":return!n(e,"\ud83d\udc26\u200d\u2b1b","\ud83d\udc26\u200b\u2b1b")}return!1}function f(e,t,n){var r="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope?new OffscreenCanvas(300,150):i.createElement("canvas"),a=r.getContext("2d",{willReadFrequently:!0}),o=(a.textBaseline="top",a.font="600 32px Arial",{});return e.forEach(function(e){o[e]=t(a,e,n)}),o}function t(e){var t=i.createElement("script");t.src=e,t.defer=!0,i.head.appendChild(t)}"undefined"!=typeof Promise&&(o="wpEmojiSettingsSupports",s=["flag","emoji"],n.supports={everything:!0,everythingExceptFlag:!0},e=new Promise(function(e){i.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",e,{once:!0})}),new Promise(function(t){var n=function(){try{var e=JSON.parse(sessionStorage.getItem(o));if("object"==typeof e&&"number"==typeof e.timestamp&&(new Date).valueOf()<e.timestamp+604800&&"object"==typeof e.supportTests)return e.supportTests}catch(e){}return null}();if(!n){if("undefined"!=typeof Worker&&"undefined"!=typeof OffscreenCanvas&&"undefined"!=typeof URL&&URL.createObjectURL&&"undefined"!=typeof Blob)try{var e="postMessage("+f.toString()+"("+[JSON.stringify(s),u.toString(),p.toString()].join(",")+"));",r=new Blob([e],{type:"text/javascript"}),a=new Worker(URL.createObjectURL(r),{name:"wpTestEmojiSupports"});return void(a.onmessage=function(e){c(n=e.data),a.terminate(),t(n)})}catch(e){}c(n=f(s,u,p))}t(n)}).then(function(e){for(var t in e)n.supports[t]=e[t],n.supports.everything=n.supports.everything&&n.supports[t],"flag"!==t&&(n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&n.supports[t]);n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&!n.supports.flag,n.DOMReady=!1,n.readyCallback=function(){n.DOMReady=!0}}).then(function(){return e}).then(function(){var e;n.supports.everything||(n.readyCallback(),(e=n.source||{}).concatemoji?t(e.concatemoji):e.wpemoji&&e.twemoji&&(t(e.twemoji),t(e.wpemoji)))}))}((window,document),window._wpemojiSettings); /* ]]> */ </script> <style id='wp-emoji-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> img.wp-smiley, img.emoji { display: inline !important; border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; height: 1em !important; width: 1em !important; margin: 0 0.07em !important; vertical-align: -0.1em !important; background: none !important; padding: 0 !important; } </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-block-library-css' href='https://aappb.org/wp-includes/css/dist/block-library/style.min.css?ver=6.7.2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-components-css' href='https://aappb.org/wp-includes/css/dist/components/style.min.css?ver=6.7.2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-preferences-css' href='https://aappb.org/wp-includes/css/dist/preferences/style.min.css?ver=6.7.2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-block-editor-css' href='https://aappb.org/wp-includes/css/dist/block-editor/style.min.css?ver=6.7.2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-reusable-blocks-css' href='https://aappb.org/wp-includes/css/dist/reusable-blocks/style.min.css?ver=6.7.2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-patterns-css' href='https://aappb.org/wp-includes/css/dist/patterns/style.min.css?ver=6.7.2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-editor-css' href='https://aappb.org/wp-includes/css/dist/editor/style.min.css?ver=6.7.2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='algori_pdf_viewer-cgb-style-css-css' href='https://aappb.org/wp-content/plugins/algori-pdf-viewer/dist/blocks.style.build.css' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='classic-theme-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> /*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} </style> <style id='global-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> :root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square: 1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3: 4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4: 3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2: 3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3: 2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9: 16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16: 9/16;--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1), 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);}:where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 0.5em;}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 0.5em;}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}.is-layout-flex > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}.is-layout-grid > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;} :where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;} :where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;} :root :where(.wp-block-pullquote){font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wpsm_counter-font-awesome-front-css' href='https://aappb.org/wp-content/plugins/counter-number-showcase/assets/css/font-awesome/css/font-awesome.min.css?ver=6.7.2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wpsm_counter_bootstrap-front-css' href='https://aappb.org/wp-content/plugins/counter-number-showcase/assets/css/bootstrap-front.css?ver=6.7.2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wpsm_counter_column-css' href='https://aappb.org/wp-content/plugins/counter-number-showcase/assets/css/counter-column.css?ver=6.7.2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='responsive-menu-inline-css' type='text/css'> /** This file is major component of this plugin so please don't try to edit here. */ #rmp_menu_trigger-22913 { width: 55px; height: 55px; position: fixed; top: 15px; border-radius: 5px; display: none; text-decoration: none; right: 5%; background: #000000; transition: transform 0.5s, background-color 0.5s; } #rmp_menu_trigger-22913:hover, #rmp_menu_trigger-22913:focus { background: #000000; text-decoration: unset; } #rmp_menu_trigger-22913.is-active { background: #000000; } #rmp_menu_trigger-22913 .rmp-trigger-box { width: 25px; color: #ffffff; } #rmp_menu_trigger-22913 .rmp-trigger-icon-active, #rmp_menu_trigger-22913 .rmp-trigger-text-open { display: none; } #rmp_menu_trigger-22913.is-active .rmp-trigger-icon-active, #rmp_menu_trigger-22913.is-active .rmp-trigger-text-open { display: inline; } #rmp_menu_trigger-22913.is-active .rmp-trigger-icon-inactive, #rmp_menu_trigger-22913.is-active .rmp-trigger-text { display: none; } #rmp_menu_trigger-22913 .rmp-trigger-label { color: #ffffff; pointer-events: none; line-height: 13px; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; display: inline; text-transform: inherit; } #rmp_menu_trigger-22913 .rmp-trigger-label.rmp-trigger-label-top { display: block; margin-bottom: 12px; } #rmp_menu_trigger-22913 .rmp-trigger-label.rmp-trigger-label-bottom { display: block; margin-top: 12px; } #rmp_menu_trigger-22913 .responsive-menu-pro-inner { display: block; } #rmp_menu_trigger-22913 .rmp-trigger-icon-inactive .rmp-font-icon { color: #ffffff; } #rmp_menu_trigger-22913 .responsive-menu-pro-inner, #rmp_menu_trigger-22913 .responsive-menu-pro-inner::before, #rmp_menu_trigger-22913 .responsive-menu-pro-inner::after { width: 25px; height: 3px; background-color: #ffffff; border-radius: 4px; position: absolute; } #rmp_menu_trigger-22913 .rmp-trigger-icon-active .rmp-font-icon { color: #ffffff; } #rmp_menu_trigger-22913.is-active .responsive-menu-pro-inner, #rmp_menu_trigger-22913.is-active .responsive-menu-pro-inner::before, #rmp_menu_trigger-22913.is-active .responsive-menu-pro-inner::after { background-color: #ffffff; } #rmp_menu_trigger-22913:hover .rmp-trigger-icon-inactive .rmp-font-icon { color: #ffffff; } #rmp_menu_trigger-22913:not(.is-active):hover .responsive-menu-pro-inner, #rmp_menu_trigger-22913:not(.is-active):hover .responsive-menu-pro-inner::before, #rmp_menu_trigger-22913:not(.is-active):hover .responsive-menu-pro-inner::after { background-color: #ffffff; } #rmp_menu_trigger-22913 .responsive-menu-pro-inner::before { top: 10px; } #rmp_menu_trigger-22913 .responsive-menu-pro-inner::after { bottom: 10px; } #rmp_menu_trigger-22913.is-active .responsive-menu-pro-inner::after { bottom: 0; } /* Hamburger menu styling */ @media screen and (max-width: 800px) { /** Menu Title Style */ /** Menu Additional Content Style */ #navigation { display: none !important; } #rmp_menu_trigger-22913 { display: block; } #rmp-container-22913 { position: fixed; top: 0; margin: 0; transition: transform 0.5s; overflow: auto; display: block; width: 75%; background-color: #212121; background-image: url(""); height: 100%; left: 0; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-right: 0px; } #rmp-menu-wrap-22913 { padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-right: 0px; background-color: #212121; } #rmp-menu-wrap-22913 .rmp-menu, #rmp-menu-wrap-22913 .rmp-submenu { width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0; padding: 0; } #rmp-menu-wrap-22913 .rmp-submenu-depth-1 .rmp-menu-item-link { padding-left: 10%; } #rmp-menu-wrap-22913 .rmp-submenu-depth-2 .rmp-menu-item-link { padding-left: 15%; } #rmp-menu-wrap-22913 .rmp-submenu-depth-3 .rmp-menu-item-link { padding-left: 20%; } #rmp-menu-wrap-22913 .rmp-submenu-depth-4 .rmp-menu-item-link { padding-left: 25%; } #rmp-menu-wrap-22913 .rmp-submenu.rmp-submenu-open { display: block; } #rmp-menu-wrap-22913 .rmp-menu-item { width: 100%; list-style: none; margin: 0; } #rmp-menu-wrap-22913 .rmp-menu-item-link { height: 40px; line-height: 40px; font-size: 13px; border-bottom: 1px solid #212121; font-family: inherit; color: #ffffff; text-align: left; background-color: #212121; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: 0px; display: block; box-sizing: border-box; width: 100%; text-decoration: none; position: relative; overflow: hidden; transition: background-color 0.5s, border-color 0.5s, 0.5s; padding: 0 5%; padding-right: 50px; } #rmp-menu-wrap-22913 .rmp-menu-item-link:after, #rmp-menu-wrap-22913 .rmp-menu-item-link:before { display: none; } #rmp-menu-wrap-22913 .rmp-menu-item-link:hover, #rmp-menu-wrap-22913 .rmp-menu-item-link:focus { color: #ffffff; border-color: #212121; background-color: #3f3f3f; } #rmp-menu-wrap-22913 .rmp-menu-item-link:focus { outline: none; border-color: unset; box-shadow: unset; } #rmp-menu-wrap-22913 .rmp-menu-item-link .rmp-font-icon { height: 40px; line-height: 40px; margin-right: 10px; font-size: 13px; } #rmp-menu-wrap-22913 .rmp-menu-current-item .rmp-menu-item-link { color: #ffffff; border-color: #212121; background-color: #212121; } #rmp-menu-wrap-22913 .rmp-menu-current-item .rmp-menu-item-link:hover, #rmp-menu-wrap-22913 .rmp-menu-current-item .rmp-menu-item-link:focus { color: #ffffff; border-color: #3f3f3f; background-color: #3f3f3f; } #rmp-menu-wrap-22913 .rmp-menu-subarrow { position: absolute; top: 0; bottom: 0; text-align: center; overflow: hidden; background-size: cover; overflow: hidden; right: 0; border-left-style: solid; border-left-color: #212121; border-left-width: 1px; height: 39px; width: 40px; color: #ffffff; background-color: #212121; } #rmp-menu-wrap-22913 .rmp-menu-subarrow svg { fill: #ffffff; } #rmp-menu-wrap-22913 .rmp-menu-subarrow:hover { color: #ffffff; border-color: #3f3f3f; background-color: #3f3f3f; } #rmp-menu-wrap-22913 .rmp-menu-subarrow:hover svg { fill: #ffffff; } #rmp-menu-wrap-22913 .rmp-menu-subarrow .rmp-font-icon { margin-right: unset; } #rmp-menu-wrap-22913 .rmp-menu-subarrow * { vertical-align: middle; line-height: 39px; } #rmp-menu-wrap-22913 .rmp-menu-subarrow-active { display: block; background-size: cover; color: #ffffff; border-color: #212121; background-color: #212121; } #rmp-menu-wrap-22913 .rmp-menu-subarrow-active svg { fill: #ffffff; } #rmp-menu-wrap-22913 .rmp-menu-subarrow-active:hover { color: #ffffff; border-color: #3f3f3f; background-color: #3f3f3f; } #rmp-menu-wrap-22913 .rmp-menu-subarrow-active:hover svg { fill: #ffffff; } #rmp-menu-wrap-22913 .rmp-submenu { display: none; } #rmp-menu-wrap-22913 .rmp-submenu .rmp-menu-item-link { height: 40px; line-height: 40px; letter-spacing: 0px; font-size: 13px; border-bottom: 1px solid #212121; font-family: inherit; font-weight: normal; color: #ffffff; text-align: left; background-color: #212121; } #rmp-menu-wrap-22913 .rmp-submenu .rmp-menu-item-link:hover, #rmp-menu-wrap-22913 .rmp-submenu .rmp-menu-item-link:focus { color: #ffffff; border-color: #212121; background-color: #3f3f3f; } #rmp-menu-wrap-22913 .rmp-submenu .rmp-menu-current-item .rmp-menu-item-link { color: #ffffff; border-color: #212121; background-color: #212121; } #rmp-menu-wrap-22913 .rmp-submenu .rmp-menu-current-item .rmp-menu-item-link:hover, #rmp-menu-wrap-22913 .rmp-submenu .rmp-menu-current-item .rmp-menu-item-link:focus { color: #ffffff; border-color: #3f3f3f; background-color: #3f3f3f; } #rmp-menu-wrap-22913 .rmp-submenu .rmp-menu-subarrow { right: 0; border-right: unset; border-left-style: solid; border-left-color: #212121; border-left-width: 1px; height: 39px; line-height: 39px; width: 40px; color: #ffffff; background-color: #212121; } #rmp-menu-wrap-22913 .rmp-submenu .rmp-menu-subarrow:hover { color: #ffffff; border-color: #3f3f3f; background-color: #3f3f3f; } #rmp-menu-wrap-22913 .rmp-submenu .rmp-menu-subarrow-active { color: #ffffff; border-color: #212121; background-color: #212121; } #rmp-menu-wrap-22913 .rmp-submenu .rmp-menu-subarrow-active:hover { color: #ffffff; border-color: #3f3f3f; background-color: #3f3f3f; } #rmp-menu-wrap-22913 .rmp-menu-item-description { margin: 0; padding: 5px 5%; opacity: 0.8; color: #ffffff; } #rmp-search-box-22913 { display: block; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 5%; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-right: 5%; } #rmp-search-box-22913 .rmp-search-form { margin: 0; } #rmp-search-box-22913 .rmp-search-box { background: #ffffff; border: 1px solid #dadada; color: #333333; width: 100%; padding: 0 5%; border-radius: 30px; height: 45px; -webkit-appearance: none; } #rmp-search-box-22913 .rmp-search-box::placeholder { color: #c7c7cd; } #rmp-search-box-22913 .rmp-search-box:focus { background-color: #ffffff; outline: 2px solid #dadada; color: #333333; } #rmp-menu-title-22913 { background-color: #212121; color: #ffffff; text-align: left; font-size: 13px; padding-top: 10%; padding-left: 5%; padding-bottom: 0%; padding-right: 5%; font-weight: 400; transition: background-color 0.5s, border-color 0.5s, color 0.5s; } #rmp-menu-title-22913:hover { background-color: #212121; color: #ffffff; } #rmp-menu-title-22913 > .rmp-menu-title-link { color: #ffffff; width: 100%; background-color: unset; text-decoration: none; } #rmp-menu-title-22913 > .rmp-menu-title-link:hover { color: #ffffff; } #rmp-menu-title-22913 .rmp-font-icon { font-size: 13px; } #rmp-menu-additional-content-22913 { padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 5%; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-right: 5%; color: #ffffff; text-align: center; font-size: 16px; } } /** This file contents common styling of menus. */ .rmp-container { display: none; visibility: visible; padding: 0px 0px 0px 0px; z-index: 99998; transition: all 0.3s; /** Scrolling bar in menu setting box **/ } .rmp-container.rmp-fade-top, .rmp-container.rmp-fade-left, .rmp-container.rmp-fade-right, .rmp-container.rmp-fade-bottom { display: none; } .rmp-container.rmp-slide-left, .rmp-container.rmp-push-left { transform: translateX(-100%); -ms-transform: translateX(-100%); -webkit-transform: translateX(-100%); -moz-transform: translateX(-100%); } .rmp-container.rmp-slide-left.rmp-menu-open, .rmp-container.rmp-push-left.rmp-menu-open { transform: translateX(0); -ms-transform: translateX(0); -webkit-transform: translateX(0); -moz-transform: translateX(0); } .rmp-container.rmp-slide-right, .rmp-container.rmp-push-right { transform: translateX(100%); -ms-transform: translateX(100%); -webkit-transform: translateX(100%); -moz-transform: translateX(100%); } .rmp-container.rmp-slide-right.rmp-menu-open, .rmp-container.rmp-push-right.rmp-menu-open { transform: translateX(0); -ms-transform: translateX(0); -webkit-transform: translateX(0); -moz-transform: translateX(0); } .rmp-container.rmp-slide-top, .rmp-container.rmp-push-top { transform: translateY(-100%); -ms-transform: translateY(-100%); -webkit-transform: translateY(-100%); -moz-transform: translateY(-100%); } .rmp-container.rmp-slide-top.rmp-menu-open, .rmp-container.rmp-push-top.rmp-menu-open { transform: translateY(0); -ms-transform: translateY(0); -webkit-transform: translateY(0); -moz-transform: translateY(0); } .rmp-container.rmp-slide-bottom, .rmp-container.rmp-push-bottom { transform: translateY(100%); -ms-transform: translateY(100%); -webkit-transform: translateY(100%); -moz-transform: translateY(100%); } .rmp-container.rmp-slide-bottom.rmp-menu-open, .rmp-container.rmp-push-bottom.rmp-menu-open { transform: translateX(0); -ms-transform: translateX(0); -webkit-transform: translateX(0); -moz-transform: translateX(0); } .rmp-container::-webkit-scrollbar { width: 0px; } .rmp-container ::-webkit-scrollbar-track { box-shadow: inset 0 0 5px transparent; } .rmp-container ::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb { background: transparent; } .rmp-container ::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover { background: transparent; } .rmp-container .rmp-menu-wrap .rmp-menu { transition: none; border-radius: 0; box-shadow: none; background: none; border: 0; bottom: auto; box-sizing: border-box; clip: auto; color: #666; display: block; float: none; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; height: auto; left: auto; line-height: 1.7; list-style-type: none; margin: 0; min-height: auto; max-height: none; opacity: 1; outline: none; overflow: visible; padding: 0; position: relative; pointer-events: auto; right: auto; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0; text-transform: none; transform: none; top: auto; visibility: inherit; width: auto; word-wrap: break-word; white-space: normal; } .rmp-container .rmp-menu-additional-content { display: block; word-break: break-word; } .rmp-container .rmp-menu-title { display: flex; flex-direction: column; } .rmp-container .rmp-menu-title .rmp-menu-title-image { max-width: 100%; margin-bottom: 15px; display: block; margin: auto; margin-bottom: 15px; } button.rmp_menu_trigger { z-index: 999999; overflow: hidden; outline: none; border: 0; display: none; margin: 0; transition: transform 0.5s, background-color 0.5s; padding: 0; } button.rmp_menu_trigger .responsive-menu-pro-inner::before, button.rmp_menu_trigger .responsive-menu-pro-inner::after { content: ""; display: block; } button.rmp_menu_trigger .responsive-menu-pro-inner::before { top: 10px; } button.rmp_menu_trigger .responsive-menu-pro-inner::after { bottom: 10px; } button.rmp_menu_trigger .rmp-trigger-box { width: 40px; display: inline-block; position: relative; pointer-events: none; vertical-align: super; } .admin-bar .rmp-container, .admin-bar .rmp_menu_trigger { margin-top: 32px !important; } @media screen and (max-width: 782px) { .admin-bar .rmp-container, .admin-bar .rmp_menu_trigger { margin-top: 46px !important; } } /* Menu Trigger Boring Animation */ .rmp-menu-trigger-boring .responsive-menu-pro-inner { transition-property: none; } .rmp-menu-trigger-boring .responsive-menu-pro-inner::after, .rmp-menu-trigger-boring .responsive-menu-pro-inner::before { transition-property: none; } .rmp-menu-trigger-boring.is-active .responsive-menu-pro-inner { transform: rotate(45deg); } .rmp-menu-trigger-boring.is-active .responsive-menu-pro-inner:before { top: 0; opacity: 0; } .rmp-menu-trigger-boring.is-active .responsive-menu-pro-inner:after { bottom: 0; transform: rotate(-90deg); } </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='dashicons-css' href='https://aappb.org/wp-includes/css/dashicons.min.css?ver=6.7.2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wpml-legacy-horizontal-list-0-css' href='https://aappb.org/wp-content/plugins/sitepress-multilingual-cms/templates/language-switchers/legacy-list-horizontal/style.min.css?ver=1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='wpml-legacy-horizontal-list-0-inline-css' type='text/css'> .wpml-ls-statics-shortcode_actions, .wpml-ls-statics-shortcode_actions .wpml-ls-sub-menu, .wpml-ls-statics-shortcode_actions a {border-color:#cdcdcd;}.wpml-ls-statics-shortcode_actions a, .wpml-ls-statics-shortcode_actions .wpml-ls-sub-menu a, .wpml-ls-statics-shortcode_actions .wpml-ls-sub-menu a:link, .wpml-ls-statics-shortcode_actions li:not(.wpml-ls-current-language) .wpml-ls-link, .wpml-ls-statics-shortcode_actions li:not(.wpml-ls-current-language) .wpml-ls-link:link {color:#444444;background-color:#ffffff;}.wpml-ls-statics-shortcode_actions .wpml-ls-sub-menu a:hover,.wpml-ls-statics-shortcode_actions .wpml-ls-sub-menu a:focus, .wpml-ls-statics-shortcode_actions .wpml-ls-sub-menu a:link:hover, .wpml-ls-statics-shortcode_actions .wpml-ls-sub-menu a:link:focus {color:#000000;background-color:#eeeeee;}.wpml-ls-statics-shortcode_actions .wpml-ls-current-language > a {color:#444444;background-color:#ffffff;}.wpml-ls-statics-shortcode_actions .wpml-ls-current-language:hover>a, .wpml-ls-statics-shortcode_actions .wpml-ls-current-language>a:focus {color:#000000;background-color:#eeeeee;} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='app-css' href='https://aappb.org/wp-content/themes/bordermedia/build/css/app.css?ver=6.7.2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='fontawesome-style-css' href='https://aappb.org/wp-content/themes/bordermedia/css/font-awesome.min.css?ver=0.01' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='subscribe-forms-css-css' href='https://aappb.org/wp-content/plugins/easy-social-share-buttons3/assets/modules/subscribe-forms.min.css?ver=10.1.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='click2tweet-css-css' href='https://aappb.org/wp-content/plugins/easy-social-share-buttons3/assets/modules/click-to-tweet.min.css?ver=10.1.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='easy-social-share-buttons-css' href='https://aappb.org/wp-content/plugins/easy-social-share-buttons3/assets/css/easy-social-share-buttons.min.css?ver=10.1.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-pagenavi-css' href='https://aappb.org/wp-content/plugins/wp-pagenavi/pagenavi-css.css?ver=2.70' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='upk-site-css' href='https://aappb.org/wp-content/plugins/ultimate-post-kit/assets/css/upk-site.css?ver=3.14.2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://aappb.org/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.min.js?ver=3.7.1" id="jquery-core-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://aappb.org/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery-migrate.min.js?ver=3.4.1" id="jquery-migrate-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="rmp_menu_scripts-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var rmp_menu = {"ajaxURL":"https:\/\/aappb.org\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","wp_nonce":"c171a114f4","menu":[{"menu_theme":null,"theme_type":"default","theme_location_menu":"","submenu_submenu_arrow_width":"40","submenu_submenu_arrow_width_unit":"px","submenu_submenu_arrow_height":"39","submenu_submenu_arrow_height_unit":"px","submenu_arrow_position":"right","submenu_sub_arrow_background_colour":"#212121","submenu_sub_arrow_background_hover_colour":"#3f3f3f","submenu_sub_arrow_background_colour_active":"#212121","submenu_sub_arrow_background_hover_colour_active":"#3f3f3f","submenu_sub_arrow_border_width":"1","submenu_sub_arrow_border_width_unit":"px","submenu_sub_arrow_border_colour":"#212121","submenu_sub_arrow_border_hover_colour":"#3f3f3f","submenu_sub_arrow_border_colour_active":"#212121","submenu_sub_arrow_border_hover_colour_active":"#3f3f3f","submenu_sub_arrow_shape_colour":"#ffffff","submenu_sub_arrow_shape_hover_colour":"#ffffff","submenu_sub_arrow_shape_colour_active":"#ffffff","submenu_sub_arrow_shape_hover_colour_active":"#ffffff","use_header_bar":"off","header_bar_items_order":"{\"logo\":\"on\",\"title\":\"on\",\"search\":\"on\",\"html content\":\"on\"}","header_bar_title":"","header_bar_html_content":"","header_bar_logo":"","header_bar_logo_link":"","header_bar_logo_width":"","header_bar_logo_width_unit":"%","header_bar_logo_height":"","header_bar_logo_height_unit":"px","header_bar_height":"80","header_bar_height_unit":"px","header_bar_padding":{"top":"0px","right":"5%","bottom":"0px","left":"5%"},"header_bar_font":"","header_bar_font_size":"14","header_bar_font_size_unit":"px","header_bar_text_color":"#ffffff","header_bar_background_color":"#ffffff","header_bar_breakpoint":"800","header_bar_position_type":"fixed","header_bar_adjust_page":null,"header_bar_scroll_enable":"off","header_bar_scroll_background_color":"#36bdf6","mobile_breakpoint":"600","tablet_breakpoint":"800","transition_speed":"0.5","sub_menu_speed":"0.2","show_menu_on_page_load":"","menu_disable_scrolling":"off","menu_overlay":"off","menu_overlay_colour":"rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.7)","desktop_menu_width":"","desktop_menu_width_unit":"%","desktop_menu_positioning":"fixed","desktop_menu_side":"","desktop_menu_to_hide":"","use_current_theme_location":"off","mega_menu":{"225":"off","227":"off","229":"off","228":"off","226":"off"},"desktop_submenu_open_animation":"","desktop_submenu_open_animation_speed":"0ms","desktop_submenu_open_on_click":"","desktop_menu_hide_and_show":"","menu_name":"Default Menu","menu_to_use":"english","different_menu_for_mobile":"off","menu_to_use_in_mobile":"main-menu","use_mobile_menu":"on","use_tablet_menu":"on","use_desktop_menu":"","menu_display_on":"all-pages","menu_to_hide":"#navigation","submenu_descriptions_on":"","custom_walker":"","menu_background_colour":"#212121","menu_depth":"5","smooth_scroll_on":"off","smooth_scroll_speed":"500","menu_font_icons":[],"menu_links_height":"40","menu_links_height_unit":"px","menu_links_line_height":"40","menu_links_line_height_unit":"px","menu_depth_0":"5","menu_depth_0_unit":"%","menu_font_size":"13","menu_font_size_unit":"px","menu_font":"","menu_font_weight":"normal","menu_text_alignment":"left","menu_text_letter_spacing":"","menu_word_wrap":"off","menu_link_colour":"#ffffff","menu_link_hover_colour":"#ffffff","menu_current_link_colour":"#ffffff","menu_current_link_hover_colour":"#ffffff","menu_item_background_colour":"#212121","menu_item_background_hover_colour":"#3f3f3f","menu_current_item_background_colour":"#212121","menu_current_item_background_hover_colour":"#3f3f3f","menu_border_width":"1","menu_border_width_unit":"px","menu_item_border_colour":"#212121","menu_item_border_colour_hover":"#212121","menu_current_item_border_colour":"#212121","menu_current_item_border_hover_colour":"#3f3f3f","submenu_links_height":"40","submenu_links_height_unit":"px","submenu_links_line_height":"40","submenu_links_line_height_unit":"px","menu_depth_side":"left","menu_depth_1":"10","menu_depth_1_unit":"%","menu_depth_2":"15","menu_depth_2_unit":"%","menu_depth_3":"20","menu_depth_3_unit":"%","menu_depth_4":"25","menu_depth_4_unit":"%","submenu_item_background_colour":"#212121","submenu_item_background_hover_colour":"#3f3f3f","submenu_current_item_background_colour":"#212121","submenu_current_item_background_hover_colour":"#3f3f3f","submenu_border_width":"1","submenu_border_width_unit":"px","submenu_item_border_colour":"#212121","submenu_item_border_colour_hover":"#212121","submenu_current_item_border_colour":"#212121","submenu_current_item_border_hover_colour":"#3f3f3f","submenu_font_size":"13","submenu_font_size_unit":"px","submenu_font":"","submenu_font_weight":"normal","submenu_text_letter_spacing":"","submenu_text_alignment":"left","submenu_link_colour":"#ffffff","submenu_link_hover_colour":"#ffffff","submenu_current_link_colour":"#ffffff","submenu_current_link_hover_colour":"#ffffff","inactive_arrow_shape":"\u25bc","active_arrow_shape":"\u25b2","inactive_arrow_font_icon":"","active_arrow_font_icon":"","inactive_arrow_image":"","active_arrow_image":"","submenu_arrow_width":"40","submenu_arrow_width_unit":"px","submenu_arrow_height":"39","submenu_arrow_height_unit":"px","arrow_position":"right","menu_sub_arrow_shape_colour":"#ffffff","menu_sub_arrow_shape_hover_colour":"#ffffff","menu_sub_arrow_shape_colour_active":"#ffffff","menu_sub_arrow_shape_hover_colour_active":"#ffffff","menu_sub_arrow_border_width":"1","menu_sub_arrow_border_width_unit":"px","menu_sub_arrow_border_colour":"#212121","menu_sub_arrow_border_hover_colour":"#3f3f3f","menu_sub_arrow_border_colour_active":"#212121","menu_sub_arrow_border_hover_colour_active":"#3f3f3f","menu_sub_arrow_background_colour":"#212121","menu_sub_arrow_background_hover_colour":"#3f3f3f","menu_sub_arrow_background_colour_active":"#212121","menu_sub_arrow_background_hover_colour_active":"#3f3f3f","fade_submenus":"off","fade_submenus_side":"left","fade_submenus_delay":"100","fade_submenus_speed":"500","use_slide_effect":"off","slide_effect_back_to_text":"Back","accordion_animation":"on","auto_expand_all_submenus":"off","auto_expand_current_submenus":"on","menu_item_click_to_trigger_submenu":"on","button_width":"55","button_width_unit":"px","button_height":"55","button_height_unit":"px","button_background_colour":"#000000","button_background_colour_hover":"#000000","button_background_colour_active":"#000000","toggle_button_border_radius":"5","button_transparent_background":"off","button_left_or_right":"right","button_position_type":"fixed","button_distance_from_side":"5","button_distance_from_side_unit":"%","button_top":"15","button_top_unit":"px","button_push_with_animation":"off","button_click_animation":"boring","button_line_margin":"5","button_line_margin_unit":"px","button_line_width":"25","button_line_width_unit":"px","button_line_height":"3","button_line_height_unit":"px","button_line_colour":"#ffffff","button_line_colour_hover":"#ffffff","button_line_colour_active":"#ffffff","button_font_icon":"","button_font_icon_when_clicked":"","button_image":"","button_image_when_clicked":"","button_title":"","button_title_open":"","button_title_position":"left","menu_container_columns":"","button_font":"","button_font_size":"14","button_font_size_unit":"px","button_title_line_height":"13","button_title_line_height_unit":"px","button_text_colour":"#ffffff","button_trigger_type_click":"on","button_trigger_type_hover":"off","button_click_trigger":"#responsive-menu-button","items_order":{"title":"on","menu":"on","search":"","additional content":""},"menu_title":"","menu_title_link":"","menu_title_link_location":"_self","menu_title_image":"https:\/\/aappb.org\/wp-content\/themes\/bordermedia\/images\/aapp-logo-2.svg","menu_title_font_icon":"","menu_title_section_padding":{"top":"10%","right":"5%","bottom":"0%","left":"5%"},"menu_title_background_colour":"#212121","menu_title_background_hover_colour":"#212121","menu_title_font_size":"13","menu_title_font_size_unit":"px","menu_title_alignment":"left","menu_title_font_weight":"400","menu_title_font_family":"","menu_title_colour":"#ffffff","menu_title_hover_colour":"#ffffff","menu_title_image_width":"","menu_title_image_width_unit":"%","menu_title_image_height":"","menu_title_image_height_unit":"px","menu_additional_content":"","menu_additional_section_padding":{"left":"5%","top":"0px","right":"5%","bottom":"0px"},"menu_additional_content_font_size":"16","menu_additional_content_font_size_unit":"px","menu_additional_content_alignment":"center","menu_additional_content_colour":"#ffffff","menu_search_box_text":"Search","menu_search_box_code":"","menu_search_section_padding":{"left":"5%","top":"0px","right":"5%","bottom":"0px"},"menu_search_box_height":"45","menu_search_box_height_unit":"px","menu_search_box_border_radius":"30","menu_search_box_text_colour":"#333333","menu_search_box_background_colour":"#ffffff","menu_search_box_placeholder_colour":"#c7c7cd","menu_search_box_border_colour":"#dadada","menu_section_padding":{"top":"0px","right":"0px","bottom":"0px","left":"0px"},"menu_width":"75","menu_width_unit":"%","menu_maximum_width":"","menu_maximum_width_unit":"px","menu_minimum_width":"","menu_minimum_width_unit":"px","menu_auto_height":"off","menu_container_padding":{"top":"0px","right":"0px","bottom":"0px","left":"0px"},"menu_container_background_colour":"#212121","menu_background_image":"","animation_type":"slide","menu_appear_from":"left","animation_speed":"0.5","page_wrapper":"","menu_close_on_body_click":"off","menu_close_on_scroll":"off","menu_close_on_link_click":"off","enable_touch_gestures":"","active_arrow_font_icon_type":"font-awesome","active_arrow_image_alt":"","admin_theme":"dark","breakpoint":"800","button_font_icon_type":"font-awesome","button_font_icon_when_clicked_type":"font-awesome","button_image_alt":"","button_image_alt_when_clicked":"","button_trigger_type":"click","custom_css":"","desktop_menu_options":"{\"3907\":{\"type\":\"standard\",\"width\":\"auto\",\"parent_background_colour\":\"\",\"parent_background_image\":\"\"},\"8387\":{\"type\":\"standard\",\"width\":\"auto\",\"parent_background_colour\":\"\",\"parent_background_image\":\"\"},\"5631\":{\"width\":\"auto\",\"widgets\":[{\"title\":{\"enabled\":\"true\"}}]},\"5617\":{\"width\":\"auto\",\"widgets\":[{\"title\":{\"enabled\":\"true\"}}]},\"3923\":{\"width\":\"auto\",\"widgets\":[{\"title\":{\"enabled\":\"true\"}}]},\"5832\":{\"width\":\"auto\",\"widgets\":[{\"title\":{\"enabled\":\"true\"}}]},\"5610\":{\"width\":\"auto\",\"widgets\":[{\"title\":{\"enabled\":\"true\"}}]},\"7685\":{\"width\":\"auto\",\"widgets\":[{\"title\":{\"enabled\":\"true\"}}]},\"7722\":{\"width\":\"auto\",\"widgets\":[{\"title\":{\"enabled\":\"true\"}}]},\"6433\":{\"width\":\"auto\",\"widgets\":[{\"title\":{\"enabled\":\"true\"}}]},\"8388\":{\"type\":\"standard\",\"width\":\"auto\",\"parent_background_colour\":\"\",\"parent_background_image\":\"\"},\"3916\":{\"width\":\"auto\",\"widgets\":[{\"title\":{\"enabled\":\"true\"}}]},\"7774\":{\"width\":\"auto\",\"widgets\":[{\"title\":{\"enabled\":\"true\"}}]},\"3931\":{\"width\":\"auto\",\"widgets\":[{\"title\":{\"enabled\":\"true\"}}]},\"8141\":{\"width\":\"auto\",\"widgets\":[{\"title\":{\"enabled\":\"true\"}}]},\"6896\":{\"width\":\"auto\",\"widgets\":[{\"title\":{\"enabled\":\"true\"}}]},\"5947\":{\"width\":\"auto\",\"widgets\":[{\"title\":{\"enabled\":\"true\"}}]},\"5956\":{\"width\":\"auto\",\"widgets\":[{\"title\":{\"enabled\":\"true\"}}]},\"5955\":{\"width\":\"auto\",\"widgets\":[{\"title\":{\"enabled\":\"true\"}}]},\"5954\":{\"width\":\"auto\",\"widgets\":[{\"title\":{\"enabled\":\"true\"}}]},\"5953\":{\"width\":\"auto\",\"widgets\":[{\"title\":{\"enabled\":\"true\"}}]},\"5952\":{\"width\":\"auto\",\"widgets\":[{\"title\":{\"enabled\":\"true\"}}]},\"5951\":{\"width\":\"auto\",\"widgets\":[{\"title\":{\"enabled\":\"true\"}}]},\"5950\":{\"width\":\"auto\",\"widgets\":[{\"title\":{\"enabled\":\"true\"}}]},\"5949\":{\"width\":\"auto\",\"widgets\":[{\"title\":{\"enabled\":\"true\"}}]},\"5948\":{\"width\":\"auto\",\"widgets\":[{\"title\":{\"enabled\":\"true\"}}]},\"6720\":{\"width\":\"auto\",\"widgets\":[{\"title\":{\"enabled\":\"true\"}}]},\"3937\":{\"width\":\"auto\",\"widgets\":[{\"title\":{\"enabled\":\"true\"}}]},\"7148\":{\"width\":\"auto\",\"widgets\":[{\"title\":{\"enabled\":\"true\"}}]},\"5798\":{\"width\":\"auto\",\"widgets\":[{\"title\":{\"enabled\":\"true\"}}]},\"5759\":{\"width\":\"auto\",\"widgets\":[{\"title\":{\"enabled\":\"true\"}}]},\"3921\":{\"width\":\"auto\",\"widgets\":[{\"title\":{\"enabled\":\"true\"}}]},\"3911\":{\"width\":\"auto\",\"widgets\":[{\"title\":{\"enabled\":\"true\"}}]},\"3910\":{\"width\":\"auto\",\"widgets\":[{\"title\":{\"enabled\":\"true\"}}]},\"3934\":{\"width\":\"auto\",\"widgets\":[{\"title\":{\"enabled\":\"true\"}}]},\"6261\":{\"width\":\"auto\",\"widgets\":[{\"title\":{\"enabled\":\"true\"}}]},\"7026\":{\"width\":\"auto\",\"widgets\":[{\"title\":{\"enabled\":\"true\"}}]},\"6390\":{\"width\":\"auto\",\"widgets\":[{\"title\":{\"enabled\":\"true\"}}]},\"6436\":{\"width\":\"auto\",\"widgets\":[{\"title\":{\"enabled\":\"true\"}}]},\"6268\":{\"width\":\"auto\",\"widgets\":[{\"title\":{\"enabled\":\"true\"}}]},\"6264\":{\"width\":\"auto\",\"widgets\":[{\"title\":{\"enabled\":\"true\"}}]},\"6077\":{\"width\":\"auto\",\"widgets\":[{\"title\":{\"enabled\":\"true\"}}]},\"3932\":{\"width\":\"auto\",\"widgets\":[{\"title\":{\"enabled\":\"true\"}}]},\"7762\":{\"width\":\"auto\",\"widgets\":[{\"title\":{\"enabled\":\"true\"}}]},\"7717\":{\"width\":\"auto\",\"widgets\":[{\"title\":{\"enabled\":\"true\"}}]},\"3936\":{\"width\":\"auto\",\"widgets\":[{\"title\":{\"enabled\":\"true\"}}]},\"7793\":{\"width\":\"auto\",\"widgets\":[{\"title\":{\"enabled\":\"true\"}}]},\"5754\":{\"width\":\"auto\",\"widgets\":[{\"title\":{\"enabled\":\"true\"}}]},\"5753\":{\"width\":\"auto\",\"widgets\":[{\"title\":{\"enabled\":\"true\"}}]},\"7763\":{\"width\":\"auto\",\"widgets\":[{\"title\":{\"enabled\":\"true\"}}]},\"5654\":{\"type\":\"standard\",\"width\":\"auto\",\"parent_background_colour\":\"\",\"parent_background_image\":\"\"},\"6890\":{\"width\":\"auto\",\"widgets\":[{\"title\":{\"enabled\":\"true\"}}]},\"8172\":{\"width\":\"auto\",\"widgets\":[{\"title\":{\"enabled\":\"true\"}}]},\"6897\":{\"width\":\"auto\",\"widgets\":[{\"title\":{\"enabled\":\"true\"}}]},\"6891\":{\"width\":\"auto\",\"widgets\":[{\"title\":{\"enabled\":\"true\"}}]},\"6894\":{\"width\":\"auto\",\"widgets\":[{\"title\":{\"enabled\":\"true\"}}]},\"6893\":{\"width\":\"auto\",\"widgets\":[{\"title\":{\"enabled\":\"true\"}}]},\"6892\":{\"width\":\"auto\",\"widgets\":[{\"title\":{\"enabled\":\"true\"}}]},\"3926\":{\"width\":\"auto\",\"widgets\":[{\"title\":{\"enabled\":\"true\"}}]},\"7664\":{\"width\":\"auto\",\"widgets\":[{\"title\":{\"enabled\":\"true\"}}]},\"4126\":{\"width\":\"auto\",\"widgets\":[{\"title\":{\"enabled\":\"true\"}}]},\"4127\":{\"width\":\"auto\",\"widgets\":[{\"title\":{\"enabled\":\"true\"}}]},\"3928\":{\"width\":\"auto\",\"widgets\":[{\"title\":{\"enabled\":\"true\"}}]},\"3915\":{\"width\":\"auto\",\"widgets\":[{\"title\":{\"enabled\":\"true\"}}]},\"3933\":{\"type\":\"standard\",\"width\":\"auto\",\"parent_background_colour\":\"\",\"parent_background_image\":\"\"},\"8389\":{\"type\":\"standard\",\"width\":\"auto\",\"parent_background_colour\":\"\",\"parent_background_image\":\"\"},\"3929\":{\"width\":\"auto\",\"widgets\":[{\"title\":{\"enabled\":\"true\"}}]},\"6676\":{\"width\":\"auto\",\"widgets\":[{\"title\":{\"enabled\":\"true\"}}]},\"7213\":{\"width\":\"auto\",\"widgets\":[{\"title\":{\"enabled\":\"true\"}}]},\"8390\":{\"type\":\"standard\",\"width\":\"auto\",\"parent_background_colour\":\"\",\"parent_background_image\":\"\"},\"3914\":{\"width\":\"auto\",\"widgets\":[{\"title\":{\"enabled\":\"true\"}}]},\"3920\":{\"width\":\"auto\",\"widgets\":[{\"title\":{\"enabled\":\"true\"}}]},\"3924\":{\"type\":\"standard\",\"width\":\"auto\",\"parent_background_colour\":\"\",\"parent_background_image\":\"\"}}","excluded_pages":null,"external_files":"off","header_bar_logo_alt":"","hide_on_desktop":"off","hide_on_mobile":"off","inactive_arrow_font_icon_type":"font-awesome","inactive_arrow_image_alt":"","keyboard_shortcut_close_menu":"27,37","keyboard_shortcut_open_menu":"32,39","menu_adjust_for_wp_admin_bar":"off","menu_depth_5":"30","menu_depth_5_unit":"%","menu_title_font_icon_type":"font-awesome","menu_title_image_alt":"","minify_scripts":"off","mobile_only":"off","remove_bootstrap":"","remove_fontawesome":"","scripts_in_footer":"off","shortcode":"off","single_menu_font":"","single_menu_font_size":"14","single_menu_font_size_unit":"px","single_menu_height":"80","single_menu_height_unit":"px","single_menu_item_background_colour":"#ffffff","single_menu_item_background_colour_hover":"#ffffff","single_menu_item_link_colour":"#000000","single_menu_item_link_colour_hover":"#000000","single_menu_item_submenu_background_colour":"#ffffff","single_menu_item_submenu_background_colour_hover":"#ffffff","single_menu_item_submenu_link_colour":"#000000","single_menu_item_submenu_link_colour_hover":"#000000","single_menu_line_height":"80","single_menu_line_height_unit":"px","single_menu_submenu_font":"","single_menu_submenu_font_size":"12","single_menu_submenu_font_size_unit":"px","single_menu_submenu_height":"","single_menu_submenu_height_unit":"auto","single_menu_submenu_line_height":"40","single_menu_submenu_line_height_unit":"px","menu_title_padding":{"left":"5%","top":"0px","right":"5%","bottom":"0px"},"menu_id":22913,"active_toggle_contents":"\u25b2","inactive_toggle_contents":"\u25bc"}]}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://aappb.org/wp-content/plugins/responsive-menu/v4.0.0/assets/js/rmp-menu.js?ver=4.5.0" id="rmp_menu_scripts-js"></script> <script id="essb-inline-js"></script><link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://aappb.org/index.php?rest_route=/" /><link rel="alternate" title="JSON" type="application/json" href="https://aappb.org/index.php?rest_route=/wp/v2/posts/6431" /><link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="https://aappb.org/xmlrpc.php?rsd" /> <meta name="generator" content="WordPress 6.7.2" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://aappb.org/?p=6431" /> <link rel='shortlink' href='https://aappb.org/?p=6431' /> <link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (JSON)" type="application/json+oembed" href="https://aappb.org/index.php?rest_route=%2Foembed%2F1.0%2Fembed&url=https%3A%2F%2Faappb.org%2F%3Fp%3D6431" /> <link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (XML)" type="text/xml+oembed" href="https://aappb.org/index.php?rest_route=%2Foembed%2F1.0%2Fembed&url=https%3A%2F%2Faappb.org%2F%3Fp%3D6431&format=xml" />  <script type="text/javascript"> pp_oppp=false; pb_options={"fullscreen":true,"fade":true,"animate":true,"shadow":true,"width":"640px","height":"480px","style":{"box":"pb-light","overlay":"pb-light-overlay"},"galleries":false,"resize":1}; </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://aappb.org/wp-content/plugins/panopress/js/panopress.js?v=1.3"></script> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="all" href="https://aappb.org/wp-content/plugins/panopress/css/panopress.css?v=1.3" />  <meta name="generator" content="WPML ver:4.7.3 stt:65,1;" /> <meta name="generator" content="Elementor 3.28.3; features: additional_custom_breakpoints, e_local_google_fonts; settings: css_print_method-external, google_font-enabled, font_display-auto"> <style> .e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+4):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload), .e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+4):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload) * { background-image: none !important; } @media screen and (max-height: 1024px) { .e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+3):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload), .e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+3):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload) * { background-image: none !important; } } @media screen and (max-height: 640px) { .e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+2):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload), .e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+2):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload) * { background-image: none !important; } } </style> <link rel="icon" href="https://aappb.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/AAPP-logo.png" sizes="32x32" /> <link rel="icon" href="https://aappb.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/AAPP-logo.png" sizes="192x192" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://aappb.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/AAPP-logo.png" /> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="https://aappb.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/AAPP-logo.png" /> <style type="text/css" id="wp-custom-css"> body:lang(bu), h2:lang(bu), h3:lang(bu), h4:lang(bu) { font-family: "Pyidaungsu" !important; } .footer-widget-left { width: 70%; padding: 0 25px; } .footer-widget-right { width: 30%; padding: 0 25px; } .footer-widget-right .widgettitle { margin: 10px 0px 10px 0px; color: #fff; } .footer-wrap .footer { padding: 42px 0px; } .button-right div { text-align: right; } .button-right a { color: #ff691f !important; } .button-right a:hover { color: #F5A71E !important; } .coupdatabase a{ padding: 10px 20px; background: #ff691f; color: #fff; margin-left: 10px; margin-top: 10px; } .coupdatabase a:hover { background: #ed5910; } .title-animation-underline:hover { background-size: 0%; } .videdoc h3 { margin: 0px; } @media only screen and (max-width : 768px) { .footer-wrap .footer .footer-widget-wrap { display: block; } .footer-widget-right { width: 100%; } .footer-widget-left { width: 100%; } } .upk-maple-grid .upk-image-wrap { display: none !important; } #job-title h2 { font-family: zawgyi-oneregular !important; } </style> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/articleads.css" media="print" onload="this.media='all'; this.onload=null;"></head> <body> <div id="page-wrapper"> <div class="header-outer-wrap"> <div class="header-wrap"> <div id="header-image"> <div class="header-left"> <div class="logo"> <a href="https://aappb.org"> <img src="https://aappb.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Logo-for-web2.png" /> </a> </div> </div> <div class="header-right"> <div class="header-right-wrap"> <div class="language-version"> <div class="lang_sel_list_horizontal wpml-ls-statics-shortcode_actions wpml-ls wpml-ls-legacy-list-horizontal" id="lang_sel_list"> <ul><li class="icl-en wpml-ls-slot-shortcode_actions wpml-ls-item wpml-ls-item-en wpml-ls-current-language wpml-ls-first-item wpml-ls-item-legacy-list-horizontal"> <a href="https://aappb.org/?p=6431" class="wpml-ls-link"> <img class="wpml-ls-flag iclflag" src="https://aappb.org/wp-content/uploads/flags/flag-uk.svg" alt="" width=18 height=12 /><span class="wpml-ls-native icl_lang_sel_native">English</span></a> </li><li class="icl-bu wpml-ls-slot-shortcode_actions wpml-ls-item wpml-ls-item-bu wpml-ls-last-item wpml-ls-item-legacy-list-horizontal"> <a href="https://aappb.org/bu" class="wpml-ls-link"> <img class="wpml-ls-flag iclflag" src="https://aappb.org/wp-content/uploads/flags/flag-bu.svg" alt="" width=18 height=12 /><span class="wpml-ls-native icl_lang_sel_native" lang="bu">မွနျမာ</span><span class="wpml-ls-display icl_lang_sel_translated"><span class="wpml-ls-bracket icl_lang_sel_bracket"> (</span>Burmese<span class="wpml-ls-bracket icl_lang_sel_bracket">)</span></span></a> </li></ul> </div> </div> <div class="facebook-twitter"> <a class="hover-icon" href="https://www.facebook.com/burmapoliticalprisoners/" target="_blank"> <img src="https://aappb.org/wp-content/themes/bordermedia/images/icon-facebook-white.svg" /> </a> <a class="hover-icon" href="https://twitter.com/aapp_burma" target="_blank"> <img src="https://aappb.org/wp-content/themes/bordermedia/images/icon-twitter-white.svg" /> </a> <a class="hover-icon" href="https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=aappb" target="_blank"> <img src="https://aappb.org/wp-content/themes/bordermedia/images/icon-youtube-white.svg" /> </a> </div> </div> <form role="search" method="get" class="search-form" action="https://aappb.org/"> <label> <span class="screen-reader-text">Search for:</span> <input type="search" class="search-field" placeholder="Search …" value="" name="s" /> </label> <input type="submit" class="search-submit" value="Search" /> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div id="menu-wrap"> <div class="content-1180"> <nav id="navigation" class="clr"> <div class="menu-english-container"><ul id="menu-english" class="dropdown-menu"><li id="menu-item-3907" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-home menu-item-3907"><a href="https://aappb.org/">Home</a></li> <li id="menu-item-8387" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom current-menu-ancestor current-menu-parent menu-item-has-children dropdown menu-item-8387"><a>About <i class="icon-angle-down"></i></a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-11129" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-11129"><a href="https://aappb.org/?page_id=19">About Burma</a></li> <li id="menu-item-5631" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-5631"><a href="https://aappb.org/?page_id=5628">About AAPP and Vision, Mission, and Activities</a></li> <li id="menu-item-5617" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-5617"><a href="https://aappb.org/?page_id=5615">Historical Context</a></li> <li id="menu-item-5832" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-5832"><a href="https://aappb.org/?page_id=5830">Political Prisoner Definition</a></li> <li id="menu-item-5610" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-5610"><a href="https://aappb.org/?page_id=5608">Current Legal Climate</a></li> <li id="menu-item-7722" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-7722"><a href="https://aappb.org/?page_id=7720">Prison Conditions</a></li> <li id="menu-item-6433" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post current-menu-item menu-item-6433"><a href="https://aappb.org/?p=6431" aria-current="page">Torture in Prison</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-8388" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children dropdown menu-item-8388"><a>What We Do <i class="icon-angle-down"></i></a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-3916" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3916"><a href="https://aappb.org/?page_id=55" title="Library">Documentation & Research</a></li> <li id="menu-item-8815" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-8815"><a href="https://aappb.org/?page_id=8811" title="Mental Health Service in Myanmar">Mental Health Assistance Program</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3911" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3911"><a href="https://aappb.org/?page_id=54">Assistance Program</a></li> <li id="menu-item-9016" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children dropdown menu-item-9016"><a href="https://aappb.org/?cat=98">Training <i class="icon-angle-right"></i></a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-8795" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-8795"><a href="https://aappb.org/?cat=85">Counselling Training</a></li> <li id="menu-item-8799" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-8799"><a href="https://aappb.org/?cat=87">Stress Management and Self-Care</a></li> <li id="menu-item-22558" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-22558"><a href="https://aappb.org/?cat=100">MHAP Report</a></li> <li id="menu-item-22692" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-22692"><a href="https://aappb.org/?cat=124">HUMAN RIGHTS, HUMAN RIGHTS DOCUMENTATION AND TRANSITIONAL JUSTICE TRAINING</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-10464" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-10464"><a href="https://aappb.org/?cat=37">Other Activities</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3910" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3910"><a href="https://aappb.org/?page_id=56">Advocacy and Lobbying</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-21796" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children dropdown menu-item-21796"><a href="#">Press Releases <i class="icon-angle-down"></i></a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-13810" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-13810"><a href="https://aappb.org/?cat=109">Daily Briefing since Coup</a></li> <li id="menu-item-23574" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-23574"><a href="https://aappb.org/?cat=133">Monthly Data Dashboard since Coup</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3937" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-3937"><a href="https://aappb.org/?cat=10">Thematic Reports</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3932" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-3932"><a href="https://aappb.org/?cat=6">Statements/Releases</a></li> <li id="menu-item-22646" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-22646"><a href="https://aappb.org/?cat=13">Video and Documentaries</a></li> <li id="menu-item-6720" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-6720"><a href="https://aappb.org/?cat=64">AAPP Newsletter</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3931" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children dropdown menu-item-3931"><a href="https://aappb.org/?cat=8">Chronology <i class="icon-angle-right"></i></a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-10397" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-10397"><a href="https://aappb.org/?cat=103">2020 Chronology</a></li> <li id="menu-item-8141" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-8141"><a href="https://aappb.org/?cat=78">2019 Chronology</a></li> <li id="menu-item-6896" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-6896"><a href="https://aappb.org/?cat=71">2018 Chronology</a></li> <li id="menu-item-5947" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-5947"><a href="https://aappb.org/?cat=50">2017 Chronology</a></li> <li id="menu-item-5956" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-5956"><a href="https://aappb.org/?cat=51">2016 Chronology</a></li> <li id="menu-item-5955" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-5955"><a href="https://aappb.org/?cat=52">2015 Chronology</a></li> <li id="menu-item-5954" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-5954"><a href="https://aappb.org/?cat=53">2014 Chronology</a></li> <li id="menu-item-5953" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-5953"><a href="https://aappb.org/?cat=54">2013 Chronology</a></li> <li id="menu-item-5952" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-5952"><a href="https://aappb.org/?cat=55">2012 Chronology</a></li> <li id="menu-item-5951" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-5951"><a href="https://aappb.org/?cat=56">2011 Chronology</a></li> <li id="menu-item-5950" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-5950"><a href="https://aappb.org/?cat=57">2010 Chronology</a></li> <li id="menu-item-5949" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-5949"><a href="https://aappb.org/?cat=58">2009 Chronology</a></li> <li id="menu-item-8841" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-8841"><a href="https://aappb.org/?cat=59">2008 Chronology</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-8389" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children dropdown menu-item-8389"><a href="https://aappmuseum.wixsite.com/museum">Museum <i class="icon-angle-down"></i></a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-3929" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3929"><a href="https://aappb.org/?page_id=80">Visit AAPP’s Museums</a></li> <li id="menu-item-7213" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-7213"><a href="https://aappb.org/?cat=73">Visitors to AAPP’s Museums</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-19915" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-19915"><a href="https://aappmuseum.wixsite.com/museum">Virtual Museum Tour</a></li> <li id="menu-item-21759" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-21759"><a href="https://aappb.org/?page_id=21748">Job Opportunities</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3914" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3914"><a href="https://aappb.org/?page_id=22">Contact</a></li> <li id="menu-item-22647" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-22647"><a href="https://aappb.org/?page_id=9288">Videos</a></li> </ul></div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="content-wrap"> <div class="content"> <div class="breadcrumbs">  <a title="Go to Assistance Association for Political Prisoners." href="https://aappb.org" class="home">Home</a> > <a title="Go to the Blog category archives." href="https://aappb.org/?cat=7" class="taxonomy category">Blog</a> > Torture in Prison </div> <div class="post-single"> <h2>Torture in Prison</h2> <div class="post-meta-data"> Posted on June 26, 2017  •  Posted in <a href="https://aappb.org/?cat=7" rel="category">Blog</a> <br /> </div> <style type="text/css">.essb_links.essb_size_m .essb_link_svg_icon svg{height:18px;width:auto}.essb_links.essb_size_m .essb_icon{width:36px !important;height:36px !important}.essb_links.essb_size_m .essb_icon:before{font-size:18px !important;top:9px !important;left:9px !important}.essb_links.essb_size_m li a .essb_network_name{font-size:13px !important;font-weight:400 !important;line-height:12px !important}</style><div class="essb_links essb_counters essb_displayed_top essb_share essb_template_default4-retina essb_template_glow-retina essb_1666852405 essb_size_m print-no" id="essb_displayed_top_1666852405" data-essb-postid="6431" data-essb-position="top" data-essb-button-style="button" data-essb-template="default4-retina essb_template_glow-retina" data-essb-counter-pos="left" data-essb-url="https://aappb.org/?p=6431" data-essb-fullurl="https://aappb.org/?p=6431" data-essb-instance="1666852405"><ul class="essb_links_list"><li class="essb_item essb_totalcount_item" data-counter-pos="left"><span class="essb_totalcount essb_t_l_big essb_total_icon essb_icon_share-tiny" title="" data-shares-text="share"><span class="essb_t_nb">0<span class="essb_t_nb_after">share</span></span></span></li><li class="essb_item essb_link_facebook nolightbox essb_link_svg_icon"> <span class="essb_counter" data-cnt="" data-cnt-short="0">0</span><a href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Faappb.org%2F%3Fp%3D6431&t=Torture+in+Prison" title="Share on Facebook" onclick="essb.window('https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Faappb.org%2F%3Fp%3D6431&t=Torture+in+Prison','facebook','1666852405'); return false;" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="nolightbox essb-s-bg-facebook essb-s-c-light essb-s-ch-light essb-s-bgh-dark essb-s-bg-network" ><span class="essb_icon essb_icon_facebook"><svg class="essb-svg-icon essb-svg-icon-facebook" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16"><path d="M16 8.049c0-4.446-3.582-8.05-8-8.05C3.58 0-.002 3.603-.002 8.05c0 4.017 2.926 7.347 6.75 7.951v-5.625h-2.03V8.05H6.75V6.275c0-2.017 1.195-3.131 3.022-3.131.876 0 1.791.157 1.791.157v1.98h-1.009c-.993 0-1.303.621-1.303 1.258v1.51h2.218l-.354 2.326H9.25V16c3.824-.604 6.75-3.934 6.75-7.951"></path></svg></span><span class="essb_network_name">Facebook</span></a></li><li class="essb_item essb_link_twitter nolightbox essb_link_twitter_x essb_link_svg_icon"> <span class="essb_counter" data-cnt="" data-cnt-short="0">0</span><a href="https://x.com/intent/post?text=Torture%20in%20Prison&url=https%3A%2F%2Faappb.org%2F%3Fp%3D6431" title="Share on Twitter" onclick="essb.window('https://x.com/intent/post?text=Torture%20in%20Prison&url=https%3A%2F%2Faappb.org%2F%3Fp%3D6431','twitter','1666852405'); return false;" target="_blank" rel="nofollow" class="nolightbox essb-s-bg-twitter essb-s-c-light essb-s-ch-light essb-s-bgh-dark essb-s-bg-network" ><span class="essb_icon essb_icon_twitter_x"><svg class="essb-svg-icon essb-svg-icon-twitter_x" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M18.244 2.25h3.308l-7.227 8.26 8.502 11.24H16.17l-5.214-6.817L4.99 21.75H1.68l7.73-8.835L1.254 2.25H8.08l4.713 6.231zm-1.161 17.52h1.833L7.084 4.126H5.117z"></path></svg></span><span class="essb_network_name">Twitter</span></a></li></ul></div><h3><strong>GENERAL INFORMATION</strong></h3> <p>During interrogation and imprisonment, the use of torture techniques to extract confessions and further degrade and humiliate detainees is a commonplace occurrence in Burma.</p> <p>The systematic use of torture in Burmese prisons, detention centers and labor camps continues today in direct violation of international law. The International Criminal Court includes the use of widespread, systematic torture in its definition of crimes against humanity. Confessions acquired through torture are neither reliable, nor recognized by the international community. Despite the previous government’s stated intention to sign the United Nations Convention Against Torture (UNCAT) by 2014, the convention remains unsigned even under the NLD Government. It is crucial that the UNCAT and its optional protocol are ratified, and that the Government strictly prohibits the use of torture in any form to demonstrate a commitment to upholding human rights, justice and accountability in Burma. The ratification of the UNCAT is essential in ending the culture of impunity by state forces in Burma and providing a system of redress for those who have experienced such inhumane physical and psychological torment, and who continue to live with the ramifications of such treatment today.</p> <p>While the following list is by no means exhaustive, it provides a brief overview of some of the most commonly used methods of torture employed by Burma’s security forces. For more detailed information regarding torture techniques, readers can refer to the AAPP report entitled “After Release I had to Restart my Life from the Beginning,” specifically chapter four “Torture in Interrogation Centers and Prisons”.</p> <h3><strong>TECHNIQUES</strong></h3> <h3 style="text-align: center;"><strong>Violent Abuse</strong></h3> <p>Prisoners, particularly in interrogation centres are routinely beaten with batons, kicked and punched repeatedly in order to extract confessions. They can be given electric shocks across the body. We have documented numerous cases of prisoners being beaten unconscious only for them to be revived and the beatings continued. Cigarettes have often been used to burn prisoners flesh. </p> <h3 style="text-align: center;"><strong>Sensory Deprivation</strong></h3> <p>Sensory deprivation occurs when prisoners are hooded or blindfolded with a variety of different materials. The fabrics used are often dirty and may include thick cotton, rice bags, blankets or the prisoner’s’ own clothes. This is done to deprive prisoners of their sight, sense of smell and their ability to hear; and often makes it difficult for prisoners to breathe. It is common for detainees to be deprived of their senses in this way for long periods of time, causing anxiety, stress, disorientation and to lose their sense of time. Sensory deprivation of this manner also usually occurs in conjunction with other torture methods, such as beatings, meaning detainees are unable to anticipate harm and react defensively.</p> <h3 style="text-align: center;"><strong>Sleep Deprivation</strong></h3> <p>Particularly during interrogation, sleep deprivation is a common form of torture. Detainees are forced to sit or stand in uncomfortable positions so that they cannot sleep. If they do fall asleep, they are often violently or aggressively awoken, causing them to wake in shock and fear. Sleep deprivation in this manner can occur for days, or in the most extreme of reported cases, up to 15 days at a time, with this particular prisoner only being permitted to sleep for short periods (around 15 minutes at a time). This kind of treatment can lead to extreme disorientation, paranoia and hallucinations and even death after prolonged periods of time. It is an extremely dangerous, and yet commonplace form of torture used in Burma.</p> <h3 style="text-align: center;"><strong>Threats</strong></h3> <p>Threats against detainees and their families are commonly used to extract information during interrogation, by causing severe distress and fear It is not uncommon for interrogators to follow through with these threats. Threats of being killed or shot are routine and prisoners report extreme psychological disturbance and fear of death, after having had guns held to their heads and/or being forced to dig their own graves. As well as this, interrogators often use detainees’ family members to inflict further psychological distress and extract confessions. Family members of detainees are commonly arrested and interrogated, often within earshot of the prisoner. Prisoners are often exposed to recordings of their loved ones crying or in distress and told that they will be harmed or killed if they do not confess. It is also not uncommon for the interrogation and/or torture of loved ones to be staged by prison guards in an adjacent cell. They may yell, scream and pretend to be harmed, acting out the torture, as the prisoner listens on, unable to see what is actually happening. This causes them to genuinely believe their friends or family are actually being harmed and not only causes detainees serious psychological distress, but also often provokes false confessions.</p> <h3></h3> <h3 style="text-align: center;"><strong>Stress Positions</strong></h3> <p>Stress positions are designed to force the body into positions that place a huge amount of weight on certain muscles and joints for prolonged periods of time. They cause excruciating pain and eventually muscle failure. There are a number of commonly used stress positions used in Burma that place detainees under extreme physical and psychological stress. These include, but aren’t limited to, the ‘Simeekhwet Dance’, forcing prisoners onto their knees and elbows without allowing their hands and feet to touch the floor, and the Poun-Zan, where the prisoner must stand on their toes and raise their arms in the air. In this position, sharp nails are often placed under the heels of the prisoner to cause excruciating pain and injury if they break their positions.</p> <h3 style="text-align: center;"><strong>Tick Tock Torture</strong></h3> <p>Tick tock torture involves detainees being hit repeatedly in the same place on their bodies for hours, and sometimes even days on end causing severe physical and psychological pain. Rulers are a commonly used instrument used to inflict this kind of torture.</p> <div class="essb-pinterest-pro-content-marker" style="display: none !important;"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="footer-wrap"> <div class="footer"> <div class="footer-widget-wrap">  <div class="footer-widget-left"> <div class="textwidget"><p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The Assistance Association for Political Prisoners (Burma), otherwise known as AAPP, is a human rights organization based in Mae Sot, Thailand and Rangoon, Burma. AAPP advocates for the release of all remaining political prisoners in Burma and for the improvement of their quality of life during and after incarceration. AAPP has developed rehabilitation and assistance programs for those political activists who have been released while continuing to document the ongoing imprisonment of political activists in Burma.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">As long as political prisoners exist inside Burma, Burma will not be free. They represent the struggle for democracy, human rights, equality and freedom for the people of Burma. This makes the immediate and unconditional release of all political prisoners an integral part of Burma’s drive for national reconciliation.</span></p> </div> </div> <div class="footer-widget-right"> <h2 class="widgettitle">Address</h2> <div class="textwidget"><p>Thailand:<br /> PO Box 93<br /> Mae Sot<br /> Tak Province, Thailand, 63110</p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">For all enquiries or if you need any further information, please </span><span style="font-weight: 400;"><a href="https://aappb.org/?page_id=22">contact us here</a>.</span></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="footer-copyright"> Copyright © 2014-2021 All rights reserved <a href="https://aappb.org">Assistance Association for Political Prisoners</a> <br /> <a href="https://bordermedia.org" target="_blank">Website</a> by <a href="https://bordermedia.org" target="_blank">Bordermedia</a> <script type="text/javascript">panopress.imagebox();</script> <button type="button" aria-controls="rmp-container-22913" aria-label="Menu Trigger" id="rmp_menu_trigger-22913" class="rmp_menu_trigger rmp-menu-trigger-boring"> <span class="rmp-trigger-box"> <span class="responsive-menu-pro-inner"></span> </span> </button> <div id="rmp-container-22913" class="rmp-container rmp-container rmp-slide-left"> <div id="rmp-menu-title-22913" class="rmp-menu-title"> <span class="rmp-menu-title-link"> <img class="rmp-menu-title-image" src="https://aappb.org/wp-content/themes/bordermedia/images/aapp-logo-2.svg" alt="" width="100" height="100" /><span></span> </span> </div> <div id="rmp-menu-wrap-22913" class="rmp-menu-wrap"><ul id="rmp-menu-22913" class="rmp-menu" role="menubar" aria-label="Default Menu"><li id="rmp-menu-item-3907" class=" menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-home rmp-menu-item rmp-menu-top-level-item" role="none"><a href="https://aappb.org/" class="rmp-menu-item-link" role="menuitem" >Home</a></li><li id="rmp-menu-item-8387" class=" menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom current-menu-ancestor current-menu-parent menu-item-has-children rmp-menu-item rmp-menu-item-current-ancestor rmp-menu-item-current-parent rmp-menu-item-has-children rmp-menu-top-level-item" role="none"><a class="rmp-menu-item-link" role="menuitem" >About<div class="rmp-menu-subarrow rmp-menu-subarrow-active">▲</div></a><ul aria-label="About" role="menu" data-depth="2" class="rmp-submenu rmp-submenu-depth-1 rmp-submenu-open"><li id="rmp-menu-item-11129" class=" menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page rmp-menu-item rmp-menu-sub-level-item" role="none"><a href="https://aappb.org/?page_id=19" class="rmp-menu-item-link" role="menuitem" >About Burma</a></li><li id="rmp-menu-item-5631" class=" menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page rmp-menu-item rmp-menu-sub-level-item" role="none"><a href="https://aappb.org/?page_id=5628" class="rmp-menu-item-link" role="menuitem" >About AAPP and Vision, Mission, and Activities</a></li><li id="rmp-menu-item-5617" class=" menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page rmp-menu-item rmp-menu-sub-level-item" role="none"><a href="https://aappb.org/?page_id=5615" class="rmp-menu-item-link" role="menuitem" >Historical Context</a></li><li id="rmp-menu-item-5832" class=" menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page rmp-menu-item rmp-menu-sub-level-item" role="none"><a href="https://aappb.org/?page_id=5830" class="rmp-menu-item-link" role="menuitem" >Political Prisoner Definition</a></li><li id="rmp-menu-item-5610" class=" menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page rmp-menu-item rmp-menu-sub-level-item" role="none"><a href="https://aappb.org/?page_id=5608" class="rmp-menu-item-link" role="menuitem" >Current Legal Climate</a></li><li id="rmp-menu-item-7722" class=" menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page rmp-menu-item rmp-menu-sub-level-item" role="none"><a href="https://aappb.org/?page_id=7720" class="rmp-menu-item-link" role="menuitem" >Prison Conditions</a></li><li id="rmp-menu-item-6433" class=" menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-post current-menu-item rmp-menu-item rmp-menu-current-item rmp-menu-sub-level-item" role="none"><a href="https://aappb.org/?p=6431" class="rmp-menu-item-link" role="menuitem" >Torture in Prison</a></li></ul></li><li id="rmp-menu-item-8388" class=" menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children rmp-menu-item rmp-menu-item-has-children rmp-menu-top-level-item" role="none"><a class="rmp-menu-item-link" role="menuitem" >What We Do<div class="rmp-menu-subarrow">▼</div></a><ul aria-label="What We Do" role="menu" data-depth="2" class="rmp-submenu rmp-submenu-depth-1"><li id="rmp-menu-item-3916" class=" menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page rmp-menu-item rmp-menu-sub-level-item" role="none"><a title="Library" href="https://aappb.org/?page_id=55" class="rmp-menu-item-link" role="menuitem" >Documentation & Research</a></li><li id="rmp-menu-item-8815" class=" menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page rmp-menu-item rmp-menu-sub-level-item" role="none"><a title="Mental Health Service in Myanmar" href="https://aappb.org/?page_id=8811" class="rmp-menu-item-link" role="menuitem" >Mental Health Assistance Program</a></li><li id="rmp-menu-item-3911" class=" menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page rmp-menu-item rmp-menu-sub-level-item" role="none"><a href="https://aappb.org/?page_id=54" class="rmp-menu-item-link" role="menuitem" >Assistance Program</a></li><li id="rmp-menu-item-9016" class=" menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children rmp-menu-item rmp-menu-item-has-children rmp-menu-sub-level-item" role="none"><a href="https://aappb.org/?cat=98" class="rmp-menu-item-link" role="menuitem" >Training<div class="rmp-menu-subarrow">▼</div></a><ul aria-label="Training" role="menu" data-depth="3" class="rmp-submenu rmp-submenu-depth-2"><li id="rmp-menu-item-8795" class=" menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category rmp-menu-item rmp-menu-sub-level-item" role="none"><a href="https://aappb.org/?cat=85" class="rmp-menu-item-link" role="menuitem" >Counselling Training</a></li><li id="rmp-menu-item-8799" class=" menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category rmp-menu-item rmp-menu-sub-level-item" role="none"><a href="https://aappb.org/?cat=87" class="rmp-menu-item-link" role="menuitem" >Stress Management and Self-Care</a></li><li id="rmp-menu-item-22558" class=" menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category rmp-menu-item rmp-menu-sub-level-item" role="none"><a href="https://aappb.org/?cat=100" class="rmp-menu-item-link" role="menuitem" >MHAP Report</a></li><li id="rmp-menu-item-22692" class=" menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category rmp-menu-item rmp-menu-sub-level-item" role="none"><a href="https://aappb.org/?cat=124" class="rmp-menu-item-link" role="menuitem" >HUMAN RIGHTS, HUMAN RIGHTS DOCUMENTATION AND TRANSITIONAL JUSTICE TRAINING</a></li></ul></li><li id="rmp-menu-item-10464" class=" menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category rmp-menu-item rmp-menu-sub-level-item" role="none"><a href="https://aappb.org/?cat=37" class="rmp-menu-item-link" role="menuitem" >Other Activities</a></li><li id="rmp-menu-item-3910" class=" menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page rmp-menu-item rmp-menu-sub-level-item" role="none"><a href="https://aappb.org/?page_id=56" class="rmp-menu-item-link" role="menuitem" >Advocacy and Lobbying</a></li></ul></li><li id="rmp-menu-item-21796" class=" menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children rmp-menu-item rmp-menu-item-has-children rmp-menu-top-level-item" role="none"><a href="#" class="rmp-menu-item-link" role="menuitem" >Press Releases<div class="rmp-menu-subarrow">▼</div></a><ul aria-label="Press Releases" role="menu" data-depth="2" class="rmp-submenu rmp-submenu-depth-1"><li id="rmp-menu-item-13810" class=" menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category rmp-menu-item rmp-menu-sub-level-item" role="none"><a href="https://aappb.org/?cat=109" class="rmp-menu-item-link" role="menuitem" >Daily Briefing since Coup</a></li><li id="rmp-menu-item-23574" class=" menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category rmp-menu-item rmp-menu-sub-level-item" role="none"><a href="https://aappb.org/?cat=133" class="rmp-menu-item-link" role="menuitem" >Monthly Data Dashboard since Coup</a></li><li id="rmp-menu-item-3937" class=" menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category rmp-menu-item rmp-menu-sub-level-item" role="none"><a href="https://aappb.org/?cat=10" class="rmp-menu-item-link" role="menuitem" >Thematic Reports</a></li><li id="rmp-menu-item-3932" class=" menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category rmp-menu-item rmp-menu-sub-level-item" role="none"><a href="https://aappb.org/?cat=6" class="rmp-menu-item-link" role="menuitem" >Statements/Releases</a></li><li id="rmp-menu-item-22646" class=" menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category rmp-menu-item rmp-menu-sub-level-item" role="none"><a href="https://aappb.org/?cat=13" class="rmp-menu-item-link" role="menuitem" >Video and Documentaries</a></li><li id="rmp-menu-item-6720" class=" menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category rmp-menu-item rmp-menu-sub-level-item" role="none"><a href="https://aappb.org/?cat=64" class="rmp-menu-item-link" role="menuitem" >AAPP Newsletter</a></li><li id="rmp-menu-item-3931" class=" menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children rmp-menu-item rmp-menu-item-has-children rmp-menu-sub-level-item" role="none"><a href="https://aappb.org/?cat=8" class="rmp-menu-item-link" role="menuitem" >Chronology<div class="rmp-menu-subarrow">▼</div></a><ul aria-label="Chronology" role="menu" data-depth="3" class="rmp-submenu rmp-submenu-depth-2"><li id="rmp-menu-item-10397" class=" menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category rmp-menu-item rmp-menu-sub-level-item" role="none"><a href="https://aappb.org/?cat=103" class="rmp-menu-item-link" role="menuitem" >2020 Chronology</a></li><li id="rmp-menu-item-8141" class=" menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category rmp-menu-item rmp-menu-sub-level-item" role="none"><a href="https://aappb.org/?cat=78" class="rmp-menu-item-link" role="menuitem" >2019 Chronology</a></li><li id="rmp-menu-item-6896" class=" menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category rmp-menu-item rmp-menu-sub-level-item" role="none"><a href="https://aappb.org/?cat=71" class="rmp-menu-item-link" role="menuitem" >2018 Chronology</a></li><li id="rmp-menu-item-5947" class=" menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category rmp-menu-item rmp-menu-sub-level-item" role="none"><a href="https://aappb.org/?cat=50" class="rmp-menu-item-link" role="menuitem" >2017 Chronology</a></li><li id="rmp-menu-item-5956" class=" menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category rmp-menu-item rmp-menu-sub-level-item" role="none"><a href="https://aappb.org/?cat=51" class="rmp-menu-item-link" role="menuitem" >2016 Chronology</a></li><li id="rmp-menu-item-5955" class=" menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category rmp-menu-item rmp-menu-sub-level-item" role="none"><a href="https://aappb.org/?cat=52" class="rmp-menu-item-link" role="menuitem" >2015 Chronology</a></li><li id="rmp-menu-item-5954" class=" menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category rmp-menu-item rmp-menu-sub-level-item" role="none"><a href="https://aappb.org/?cat=53" class="rmp-menu-item-link" role="menuitem" >2014 Chronology</a></li><li id="rmp-menu-item-5953" class=" menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category rmp-menu-item rmp-menu-sub-level-item" role="none"><a href="https://aappb.org/?cat=54" class="rmp-menu-item-link" role="menuitem" >2013 Chronology</a></li><li id="rmp-menu-item-5952" class=" menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category rmp-menu-item rmp-menu-sub-level-item" role="none"><a href="https://aappb.org/?cat=55" class="rmp-menu-item-link" role="menuitem" >2012 Chronology</a></li><li id="rmp-menu-item-5951" class=" menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category rmp-menu-item rmp-menu-sub-level-item" role="none"><a href="https://aappb.org/?cat=56" class="rmp-menu-item-link" role="menuitem" >2011 Chronology</a></li><li id="rmp-menu-item-5950" class=" menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category rmp-menu-item rmp-menu-sub-level-item" role="none"><a href="https://aappb.org/?cat=57" class="rmp-menu-item-link" role="menuitem" >2010 Chronology</a></li><li id="rmp-menu-item-5949" class=" menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category rmp-menu-item rmp-menu-sub-level-item" role="none"><a href="https://aappb.org/?cat=58" class="rmp-menu-item-link" role="menuitem" >2009 Chronology</a></li><li id="rmp-menu-item-8841" class=" menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category rmp-menu-item rmp-menu-sub-level-item" role="none"><a href="https://aappb.org/?cat=59" class="rmp-menu-item-link" role="menuitem" >2008 Chronology</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="rmp-menu-item-8389" class=" menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children rmp-menu-item rmp-menu-item-has-children rmp-menu-top-level-item" role="none"><a href="https://aappmuseum.wixsite.com/museum" class="rmp-menu-item-link" role="menuitem" >Museum<div class="rmp-menu-subarrow">▼</div></a><ul aria-label="Museum" role="menu" data-depth="2" class="rmp-submenu rmp-submenu-depth-1"><li id="rmp-menu-item-3929" class=" menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page rmp-menu-item rmp-menu-sub-level-item" role="none"><a href="https://aappb.org/?page_id=80" class="rmp-menu-item-link" role="menuitem" >Visit AAPP’s Museums</a></li><li id="rmp-menu-item-7213" class=" menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category rmp-menu-item rmp-menu-sub-level-item" role="none"><a href="https://aappb.org/?cat=73" class="rmp-menu-item-link" role="menuitem" >Visitors to AAPP’s Museums</a></li></ul></li><li id="rmp-menu-item-19915" class=" menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom rmp-menu-item rmp-menu-top-level-item" role="none"><a href="https://aappmuseum.wixsite.com/museum" class="rmp-menu-item-link" role="menuitem" >Virtual Museum Tour</a></li><li id="rmp-menu-item-21759" class=" menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page rmp-menu-item rmp-menu-top-level-item" role="none"><a href="https://aappb.org/?page_id=21748" class="rmp-menu-item-link" role="menuitem" >Job Opportunities</a></li><li id="rmp-menu-item-3914" class=" menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page rmp-menu-item rmp-menu-top-level-item" role="none"><a href="https://aappb.org/?page_id=22" class="rmp-menu-item-link" role="menuitem" >Contact</a></li><li id="rmp-menu-item-22647" class=" menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page rmp-menu-item rmp-menu-top-level-item" role="none"><a href="https://aappb.org/?page_id=9288" class="rmp-menu-item-link" role="menuitem" >Videos</a></li></ul></div> </div> <script> const lazyloadRunObserver = () => { const lazyloadBackgrounds = document.querySelectorAll( `.e-con.e-parent:not(.e-lazyloaded)` ); const lazyloadBackgroundObserver = new IntersectionObserver( ( entries ) => { entries.forEach( ( entry ) => { if ( entry.isIntersecting ) { let lazyloadBackground = entry.target; if( lazyloadBackground ) { lazyloadBackground.classList.add( 'e-lazyloaded' ); } lazyloadBackgroundObserver.unobserve( entry.target ); } }); }, { rootMargin: '200px 0px 200px 0px' } ); lazyloadBackgrounds.forEach( ( lazyloadBackground ) => { lazyloadBackgroundObserver.observe( lazyloadBackground ); } ); }; const events = [ 'DOMContentLoaded', 'elementor/lazyload/observe', ]; events.forEach( ( event ) => { document.addEventListener( event, lazyloadRunObserver ); } ); </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://aappb.org/wp-content/plugins/counter-number-showcase/assets/js/bootstrap.js?ver=6.7.2" id="wpsm_count_bootstrap-js-front-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://aappb.org/wp-content/plugins/counter-number-showcase/assets/js/counter_nscript.js?ver=6.7.2" id="wpsm-new_count_script3-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://aappb.org/wp-content/plugins/counter-number-showcase/assets/js/waypoints.min.js?ver=6.7.2" id="wpsm-new_count_waypoints-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://aappb.org/wp-content/plugins/counter-number-showcase/assets/js/jquery.counterup.min.js?ver=6.7.2" id="wpsm-new_count_script2-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://aappb.org/wp-content/themes/bordermedia/build/js/app.js?ver=6.7.2" id="app-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://aappb.org/wp-content/plugins/easy-social-share-buttons3/assets/modules/subscribe-forms.min.js?ver=10.1.1" id="subscribe-forms-js-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://aappb.org/wp-content/plugins/easy-social-share-buttons3/assets/js/essb-core.min.js?ver=10.1.1" id="easy-social-share-buttons-core-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="easy-social-share-buttons-core-js-after"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var essb_settings = {"ajax_url":"https:\/\/aappb.org\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","essb3_nonce":"a820f7ee38","essb3_plugin_url":"https:\/\/aappb.org\/wp-content\/plugins\/easy-social-share-buttons3","essb3_stats":false,"essb3_ga":false,"essb3_ga_ntg":false,"blog_url":"https:\/\/aappb.org\/","post_id":"6431","stop_postcount":true}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" id="upk-site-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var UltimatePostKitConfig = {"ajaxurl":"https:\/\/aappb.org\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","nonce":"4e8e4be3d5","mailchimp":{"subscribing":"Subscribing you please wait..."},"elements_data":{"sections":[],"columns":[],"widgets":[]}}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://aappb.org/wp-content/plugins/ultimate-post-kit/assets/js/upk-site.min.js?ver=3.14.2" id="upk-site-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"></script> </div> </div> </div> </div> </body> </html>