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Hijack Execution Flow: Services File Permissions Weakness, Sub-technique T1574.010 - Enterprise | MITRE ATT&CK®

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More details about tickets and our CFP can be found <a href='https://na.eventscloud.com/attackcon6'>here</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row flex-grow-1 flex-shrink-0"> <!-- main content elements --> <!--start-indexing-for-search--> <div class="sidebar nav sticky-top flex-column pr-0 pt-4 pb-3 pl-3" id="v-tab" role="tablist" aria-orientation="vertical"> <div class="resizer" id="resizer"></div> <!--stop-indexing-for-search--> <div id="sidebars"></div> <!--start-indexing-for-search--> </div> <div class="tab-content col-xl-9 pt-4" id="v-tabContent"> <div class="tab-pane fade show active" id="v-attckmatrix" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="v-attckmatrix-tab"> <ol class="breadcrumb"> <li class="breadcrumb-item"><a href="/">Home</a></li> <li class="breadcrumb-item"><a href="/techniques/enterprise">Techniques</a></li> <li class="breadcrumb-item"><a href="/techniques/enterprise">Enterprise</a></li> <li class="breadcrumb-item"><a href="/techniques/T1574">Hijack Execution Flow</a></li> <li class="breadcrumb-item">Services File Permissions Weakness</li> </ol> <div class="tab-pane fade show active" id="v-" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="v--tab"></div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xl-12"> <div class="jumbotron jumbotron-fluid"> <div class="container-fluid"> <h1 id=""> <span id="subtechnique-parent-name">Hijack Execution Flow:</span> Services File Permissions Weakness </h1> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-8"> <!--stop-indexing-for-search--> <div class="card-block pb-2"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-header collapsed" id="subtechniques-card-header" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#subtechniques-card-body" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="subtechniques-card-body"> <h5 class="mb-0" id ="sub-techniques">Other sub-techniques of Hijack Execution Flow (13)</h5> </div> <div id="subtechniques-card-body" class="card-body p-0 collapse" aria-labelledby="subtechniques-card-header"> <table class="table table-bordered"> <thead> <tr> <th scope="col">ID</th> <th scope="col">Name</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td> <a href="/techniques/T1574/001/" class="subtechnique-table-item" data-subtechnique_id="T1574.001"> T1574.001 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/techniques/T1574/001/" class="subtechnique-table-item" data-subtechnique_id="T1574.001"> DLL Search Order Hijacking </a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/techniques/T1574/002/" class="subtechnique-table-item" data-subtechnique_id="T1574.002"> T1574.002 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/techniques/T1574/002/" class="subtechnique-table-item" data-subtechnique_id="T1574.002"> DLL Side-Loading </a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/techniques/T1574/004/" class="subtechnique-table-item" data-subtechnique_id="T1574.004"> T1574.004 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/techniques/T1574/004/" class="subtechnique-table-item" data-subtechnique_id="T1574.004"> Dylib Hijacking </a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/techniques/T1574/005/" class="subtechnique-table-item" data-subtechnique_id="T1574.005"> T1574.005 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/techniques/T1574/005/" class="subtechnique-table-item" data-subtechnique_id="T1574.005"> Executable Installer File Permissions Weakness </a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/techniques/T1574/006/" class="subtechnique-table-item" data-subtechnique_id="T1574.006"> T1574.006 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/techniques/T1574/006/" class="subtechnique-table-item" data-subtechnique_id="T1574.006"> Dynamic Linker Hijacking </a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/techniques/T1574/007/" class="subtechnique-table-item" data-subtechnique_id="T1574.007"> T1574.007 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/techniques/T1574/007/" class="subtechnique-table-item" data-subtechnique_id="T1574.007"> Path Interception by PATH Environment Variable </a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/techniques/T1574/008/" class="subtechnique-table-item" data-subtechnique_id="T1574.008"> T1574.008 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/techniques/T1574/008/" class="subtechnique-table-item" data-subtechnique_id="T1574.008"> Path Interception by Search Order Hijacking </a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/techniques/T1574/009/" class="subtechnique-table-item" data-subtechnique_id="T1574.009"> T1574.009 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/techniques/T1574/009/" class="subtechnique-table-item" data-subtechnique_id="T1574.009"> Path Interception by Unquoted Path </a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td class="active"> T1574.010 </td> <td class="active"> Services File Permissions Weakness </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/techniques/T1574/011/" class="subtechnique-table-item" data-subtechnique_id="T1574.011"> T1574.011 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/techniques/T1574/011/" class="subtechnique-table-item" data-subtechnique_id="T1574.011"> Services Registry Permissions Weakness </a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/techniques/T1574/012/" class="subtechnique-table-item" data-subtechnique_id="T1574.012"> T1574.012 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/techniques/T1574/012/" class="subtechnique-table-item" data-subtechnique_id="T1574.012"> COR_PROFILER </a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/techniques/T1574/013/" class="subtechnique-table-item" data-subtechnique_id="T1574.013"> T1574.013 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/techniques/T1574/013/" class="subtechnique-table-item" data-subtechnique_id="T1574.013"> KernelCallbackTable </a> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/techniques/T1574/014/" class="subtechnique-table-item" data-subtechnique_id="T1574.014"> T1574.014 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/techniques/T1574/014/" class="subtechnique-table-item" data-subtechnique_id="T1574.014"> AppDomainManager </a> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> <!--start-indexing-for-search--> <div class="description-body"> <p>Adversaries may execute their own malicious payloads by hijacking the binaries used by services. Adversaries may use flaws in the permissions of Windows services to replace the binary that is executed upon service start. These service processes may automatically execute specific binaries as part of their functionality or to perform other actions. If the permissions on the file system directory containing a target binary, or permissions on the binary itself are improperly set, then the target binary may be overwritten with another binary using user-level permissions and executed by the original process. If the original process and thread are running under a higher permissions level, then the replaced binary will also execute under higher-level permissions, which could include SYSTEM.</p><p>Adversaries may use this technique to replace legitimate binaries with malicious ones as a means of executing code at a higher permissions level. If the executing process is set to run at a specific time or during a certain event (e.g., system bootup) then this technique can also be used for persistence.</p> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-4"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"> <div class="row card-data" id="card-id"> <div class="col-md-1 px-0 text-center"></div> <div class="col-md-11 pl-0"> <span class="h5 card-title">ID:&nbsp;</span>T1574.010 </div> </div> <!--stop-indexing-for-search--> <div class="row card-data"> <div class="col-md-1 px-0 text-center"></div> <div class="col-md-11 pl-0"> <span class="h5 card-title">Sub-technique of:&nbsp;</span> <a href="/techniques/T1574">T1574</a> </div> </div> <!--start-indexing-for-search--> <div id="card-tactics" class="row card-data"> <div class="col-md-1 px-0 text-center"> <span data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="left" title="" data-test-ignore="true" data-original-title="The tactic objectives that the (sub-)technique can be used to accomplish">&#9432;</span> </div> <div class="col-md-11 pl-0"> <span class="h5 card-title">Tactics:</span> <a href="/tactics/TA0003">Persistence</a>, <a href="/tactics/TA0004">Privilege Escalation</a>, <a href="/tactics/TA0005">Defense Evasion</a> </div> </div> <div class="row card-data"> <div class="col-md-1 px-0 text-center"> <span data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="left" title="" data-test-ignore="true" data-original-title="The system an adversary is operating within; could be an operating system or application">&#9432;</span> </div> <div class="col-md-11 pl-0"> <span class="h5 card-title">Platforms:&nbsp;</span>Windows </div> </div> <div class="row card-data"> <div class="col-md-1 px-0 text-center"> <span data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="left" title="" data-test-ignore="true" data-original-title="The lowest level of permissions the adversary is required to be operating within to perform the (sub-)technique on a system">&#9432;</span> </div> <div class="col-md-11 pl-0"> <span class="h5 card-title">Permissions Required:&nbsp;</span>Administrator, User </div> </div> <div class="row card-data"> <div class="col-md-1 px-0 text-center"> <span data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="left" title="" data-test-ignore="true" data-original-title="The level of permissions the adversary will attain by performing the (sub-)technique">&#9432;</span> </div> <div class="col-md-11 pl-0"> <span class="h5 card-title">Effective Permissions:&nbsp;</span>Administrator, SYSTEM, User </div> </div> <div class="row card-data"> <div class="col-md-1 px-0 text-center"></div> <div class="col-md-11 pl-0"> <span class="h5 card-title">Contributors:&nbsp;</span>Stefan Kanthak; Travis Smith, Tripwire </div> </div> <div class="row card-data"> <div class="col-md-1 px-0 text-center"></div> <div class="col-md-11 pl-0"> <span class="h5 card-title">Version:&nbsp;</span>1.0 </div> </div> <div class="row card-data"> <div class="col-md-1 px-0 text-center"></div> <div class="col-md-11 pl-0"> <span class="h5 card-title">Created:&nbsp;</span>12 March 2020 </div> </div> <div class="row card-data"> <div class="col-md-1 px-0 text-center"></div> <div class="col-md-11 pl-0"> <span class="h5 card-title">Last Modified:&nbsp;</span>30 March 2023 </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="text-center pt-2 version-button live"> <div class="live"> <a data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Permalink to this version of T1574.010" href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1574/010/" data-test-ignore="true">Version Permalink</a> </div> <div class="permalink"> <a data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="bottom" title="Go to the live version of T1574.010" href="/versions/v16/techniques/T1574/010/" data-test-ignore="true">Live Version</a><!--do not change this line without also changing versions.py--> </div> </div> </div> </div> <h2 class="pt-3" id ="examples">Procedure Examples</h2> <div class="tables-mobile"> <table class="table table-bordered table-alternate mt-2"> <thead> <tr> <th scope="col">ID</th> <th scope="col">Name</th> <th scope="col">Description</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td> <a href="/software/S0089"> S0089 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/software/S0089"> BlackEnergy </a> </td> <td> <p>One variant of <a href="/software/S0089">BlackEnergy</a> locates existing driver services that have been disabled and drops its driver component into one of those service's paths, replacing the legitimate executable. The malware then sets the hijacked service to start automatically to establish persistence.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-1') id="scite-ref-1-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="F-Secure Labs. (2014). BlackEnergy & Quedagh: The convergence of crimeware and APT attacks. Retrieved March 24, 2016."data-reference="F-Secure BlackEnergy 2014"><sup><a href="https://blog-assets.f-secure.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/15163408/BlackEnergy_Quedagh.pdf" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="0" aria-describedby="qtip-0">[1]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <h2 class="pt-3" id ="mitigations">Mitigations</h2> <div class="tables-mobile"> <table class="table table-bordered table-alternate mt-2"> <thead> <tr> <th scope="col">ID</th> <th scope="col">Mitigation</th> <th scope="col">Description</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td> <a href="/mitigations/M1047"> M1047 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/mitigations/M1047"> Audit </a> </td> <td> <p>Use auditing tools capable of detecting file system permissions abuse opportunities on systems within an enterprise and correct them. Toolkits like the PowerSploit framework contain PowerUp modules that can be used to explore systems for service file system permissions weaknesses.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-2') id="scite-ref-2-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="PowerSploit. (n.d.). Retrieved December 4, 2014."data-reference="Powersploit"><sup><a href="https://github.com/mattifestation/PowerSploit" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="1" aria-describedby="qtip-1">[2]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/mitigations/M1052"> M1052 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/mitigations/M1052"> User Account Control </a> </td> <td> <p>Turn off UAC's privilege elevation for standard users <code>[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Policies\System]</code>to automatically deny elevation requests, add: <code>"ConsentPromptBehaviorUser"=dword:00000000</code>. Consider enabling installer detection for all users by adding: <code>"EnableInstallerDetection"=dword:00000001</code>. This will prompt for a password for installation and also log the attempt. To disable installer detection, instead add: <code>"EnableInstallerDetection"=dword:00000000</code>. This may prevent potential elevation of privileges through exploitation during the process of UAC detecting the installer, but will allow the installation process to continue without being logged.<span onclick=scrollToRef('scite-3') id="scite-ref-3-a" class="scite-citeref-number" title="Stefan Kanthak. (2015, December 8). Executable installers are vulnerable^WEVIL (case 7): 7z*.exe allows remote code execution with escalation of privilege. Retrieved December 4, 2014."data-reference="Executable Installers are Vulnerable"><sup><a href="https://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2015/Dec/34" target="_blank" data-hasqtip="2" aria-describedby="qtip-2">[3]</a></sup></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <a href="/mitigations/M1018"> M1018 </a> </td> <td> <a href="/mitigations/M1018"> User Account Management </a> </td> <td> <p>Limit privileges of user accounts and groups so that only authorized administrators can interact with service changes and service binary target path locations. Deny execution from user directories such as file download directories and temp directories where able.</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <h2 class="pt-3" id="detection">Detection</h2> <div class="tables-mobile"> <table class="table datasources-table table-bordered"> <thead> <tr> <th class="p-2" scope="col">ID</th> <th class="p-2 nowrap" scope="col">Data Source</th> <th class="p-2 nowrap" scope="col">Data Component</th> <th class="p-2" scope="col">Detects</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr class="datasource" id="uses-DS0022"> <td> <a href="/datasources/DS0022">DS0022</a> </td> <td class="nowrap"> <a href="/datasources/DS0022">File</a> </td> <!-- Add first data component here --> <td> <a href="/datasources/DS0022/#File%20Creation">File Creation</a> </td> <td> <p>Monitor for creation of binaries and service executables that do not occur during a regular software update or an update scheduled by the organization. This behavior also considers files that are overwritten.</p> </td> </tr> <tr class="datacomponent datasource" id="uses-DS0022-File Modification"> <td></td> <td></td> <td> <a href="/datasources/DS0022/#File%20Modification">File Modification</a> </td> <td> <p>Monitor for modification of binaries and service executables that do not occur during a regular software update or an update scheduled by the organization. Modification of files considers actions such as renaming and directory moving.</p> </td> </tr> <tr class="datasource" id="uses-DS0009"> <td> <a href="/datasources/DS0009">DS0009</a> </td> <td class="nowrap"> <a href="/datasources/DS0009">Process</a> </td> <!-- Add first data component here --> <td> <a href="/datasources/DS0009/#Process%20Creation">Process Creation</a> </td> <td> <p>Monitor for newly executed processes that may execute their own malicious payloads by hijacking the binaries used by services.</p> </td> </tr> <tr class="datasource" id="uses-DS0019"> <td> <a href="/datasources/DS0019">DS0019</a> </td> <td class="nowrap"> <a href="/datasources/DS0019">Service</a> </td> <!-- Add first data component here --> <td> <a href="/datasources/DS0019/#Service%20Metadata">Service Metadata</a> </td> <td> <p>Hashing of binaries and service executables could be used to detect replacement against historical data.</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <h2 class="pt-3" id="references">References</h2> <div class="row"> <div class="col"> <ol> <li> <span id="scite-1" class="scite-citation"> <span class="scite-citation-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" name="scite-1" href="https://blog-assets.f-secure.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/15163408/BlackEnergy_Quedagh.pdf" target="_blank"> F-Secure Labs. (2014). BlackEnergy & Quedagh: The convergence of crimeware and APT attacks. Retrieved March 24, 2016. </a> </span> </span> </li> <li> <span id="scite-2" class="scite-citation"> <span class="scite-citation-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" name="scite-2" href="https://github.com/mattifestation/PowerSploit" target="_blank"> PowerSploit. (n.d.). Retrieved December 4, 2014. </a> </span> </span> </li> </ol> </div> <div class="col"> <ol start="3.0"> <li> <span id="scite-3" class="scite-citation"> <span class="scite-citation-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" name="scite-3" href="https://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2015/Dec/34" target="_blank"> Stefan Kanthak. (2015, December 8). Executable installers are vulnerable^WEVIL (case 7): 7z*.exe allows remote code execution with escalation of privilege. Retrieved December 4, 2014. </a> </span> </span> </li> </ol> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!--stop-indexing-for-search--> <!-- search overlay for entire page -- not displayed inline --> <div class="overlay search" id="search-overlay" style="display: none;"> <div class="overlay-inner"> <!-- text input for searching --> <div class="search-header"> <div class="search-input"> <input type="text" id="search-input" placeholder="search"> </div> <div class="search-icons"> <div class="search-parsing-icon spinner-border" style="display: none" id="search-parsing-icon"></div> <div class="close-search-icon" id="close-search-icon">&times;</div> </div> </div> <!-- results and controls for loading more results --> <div id="search-body" class="search-body"> <div class="results" id="search-results"> <!-- content will be appended here on search --> </div> <div id="load-more-results" class="load-more-results"> <button class="btn btn-default" id="load-more-results-button">load more results</button> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row flex-grow-0 flex-shrink-1"> <!-- footer elements --> <footer class="col footer"> <div class="container-fluid"> <div class="row row-footer"> <div class="col-2 col-sm-2 col-md-2"> <div class="footer-center-responsive my-auto"> <a href="https://www.mitre.org" target="_blank" rel="noopener" aria-label="MITRE"> <img src="/theme/images/mitrelogowhiteontrans.gif" class="mitre-logo-wtrans"> </a> </div> </div> <div class="col-2 col-sm-2 footer-responsive-break"></div> <div class="footer-link-group"> <div class="row row-footer"> <div class="px-3 col-footer"> <u class="footer-link"><a href="/resources/engage-with-attack/contact" class="footer-link">Contact Us</a></u> </div> <div class="px-3 col-footer"> <u class="footer-link"><a href="/resources/legal-and-branding/terms-of-use" class="footer-link">Terms of Use</a></u> </div> <div class="px-3 col-footer"> <u class="footer-link"><a href="/resources/legal-and-branding/privacy" class="footer-link">Privacy Policy</a></u> </div> <div class="px-3"> <u class="footer-link"><a href="/resources/changelog.html" class="footer-link" data-toggle="tooltip" data-placement="top" data-html="true" title="ATT&amp;CK content v16.1&#013;Website v4.2.1">Website Changelog</a></u> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <small class="px-3"> &copy;&nbsp;2015&nbsp;-&nbsp;2024, The MITRE Corporation. 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