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<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="no-js" lang="en-US"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta http-equiv="x-ua-compatible" content="ie=edge"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, shrink-to-fit=no"> <link rel="profile" href="https://gmpg.org/xfn/11" /> <link rel="pingback" href="https://quackwatch.org/xmlrpc.php" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://use.typekit.net/lmm6ycy.css"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://cdn.centerforinquiry.org/uploads/apple-icons/centerforinquiry/touch-icon-iphone-60x60.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="60x60" href="https://cdn.centerforinquiry.org/uploads/apple-icons/centerforinquiry/touch-icon-ipad-76x76.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="114x114" href="https://cdn.centerforinquiry.org/uploads/apple-icons/centerforinquiry/touch-icon-iphone-retina-120x120.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="144x144" href="https://cdn.centerforinquiry.org/uploads/apple-icons/centerforinquiry/touch-icon-ipad-retina-152x152.png">  <title>Bee Pollen, Royal Jelly, and Propolis | Quackwatch</title> <meta name='robots' content='max-image-preview:large' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//centerforinquiry.org' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//www.googletagmanager.com' /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Quackwatch » Feed" href="https://quackwatch.org/feed/" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Quackwatch » Comments Feed" href="https://quackwatch.org/comments/feed/" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Quackwatch » Bee Pollen, Royal Jelly, and Propolis Comments Feed" href="https://quackwatch.org/related/dsh/bee/feed/" /> <script type="text/javascript"> /* <![CDATA[ */ window._wpemojiSettings = {"baseUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/72x72\/","ext":".png","svgUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/svg\/","svgExt":".svg","source":{"wpemoji":"https:\/\/quackwatch.org\/wp-includes\/js\/wp-emoji.js?ver=6.6.2","twemoji":"https:\/\/quackwatch.org\/wp-includes\/js\/twemoji.js?ver=6.6.2"}}; /** * @output wp-includes/js/wp-emoji-loader.js */ /** * Emoji Settings as exported in PHP via _print_emoji_detection_script(). * @typedef WPEmojiSettings * @type {object} * @property {?object} source * @property {?string} source.concatemoji * @property {?string} source.twemoji * @property {?string} source.wpemoji * @property {?boolean} DOMReady * @property {?Function} readyCallback */ /** * Support tests. * @typedef SupportTests * @type {object} * @property {?boolean} flag * @property {?boolean} emoji */ /** * IIFE to detect emoji support and load Twemoji if needed. * * @param {Window} window * @param {Document} document * @param {WPEmojiSettings} settings */ ( function wpEmojiLoader( window, document, settings ) { if ( typeof Promise === 'undefined' ) { return; } var sessionStorageKey = 'wpEmojiSettingsSupports'; var tests = [ 'flag', 'emoji' ]; /** * Checks whether the browser supports offloading to a Worker. * * @since 6.3.0 * * @private * * @returns {boolean} */ function supportsWorkerOffloading() { return ( typeof Worker !== 'undefined' && typeof OffscreenCanvas !== 'undefined' && typeof URL !== 'undefined' && URL.createObjectURL && typeof Blob !== 'undefined' ); } /** * @typedef SessionSupportTests * @type {object} * @property {number} timestamp * @property {SupportTests} supportTests */ /** * Get support tests from session. * * @since 6.3.0 * * @private * * @returns {?SupportTests} Support tests, or null if not set or older than 1 week. */ function getSessionSupportTests() { try { /** @type {SessionSupportTests} */ var item = JSON.parse( sessionStorage.getItem( sessionStorageKey ) ); if ( typeof item === 'object' && typeof item.timestamp === 'number' && new Date().valueOf() < item.timestamp + 604800 && // Note: Number is a week in seconds. typeof item.supportTests === 'object' ) { return item.supportTests; } } catch ( e ) {} return null; } /** * Persist the supports in session storage. * * @since 6.3.0 * * @private * * @param {SupportTests} supportTests Support tests. */ function setSessionSupportTests( supportTests ) { try { /** @type {SessionSupportTests} */ var item = { supportTests: supportTests, timestamp: new Date().valueOf() }; sessionStorage.setItem( sessionStorageKey, JSON.stringify( item ) ); } catch ( e ) {} } /** * Checks if two sets of Emoji characters render the same visually. * * This function may be serialized to run in a Worker. Therefore, it cannot refer to variables from the containing * scope. Everything must be passed by parameters. * * @since 4.9.0 * * @private * * @param {CanvasRenderingContext2D} context 2D Context. * @param {string} set1 Set of Emoji to test. * @param {string} set2 Set of Emoji to test. * * @return {boolean} True if the two sets render the same. */ function emojiSetsRenderIdentically( context, set1, set2 ) { // Cleanup from previous test. context.clearRect( 0, 0, context.canvas.width, context.canvas.height ); context.fillText( set1, 0, 0 ); var rendered1 = new Uint32Array( context.getImageData( 0, 0, context.canvas.width, context.canvas.height ).data ); // Cleanup from previous test. context.clearRect( 0, 0, context.canvas.width, context.canvas.height ); context.fillText( set2, 0, 0 ); var rendered2 = new Uint32Array( context.getImageData( 0, 0, context.canvas.width, context.canvas.height ).data ); return rendered1.every( function ( rendered2Data, index ) { return rendered2Data === rendered2[ index ]; } ); } /** * Determines if the browser properly renders Emoji that Twemoji can supplement. * * This function may be serialized to run in a Worker. Therefore, it cannot refer to variables from the containing * scope. Everything must be passed by parameters. * * @since 4.2.0 * * @private * * @param {CanvasRenderingContext2D} context 2D Context. * @param {string} type Whether to test for support of "flag" or "emoji". * @param {Function} emojiSetsRenderIdentically Reference to emojiSetsRenderIdentically function, needed due to minification. * * @return {boolean} True if the browser can render emoji, false if it cannot. */ function browserSupportsEmoji( context, type, emojiSetsRenderIdentically ) { var isIdentical; switch ( type ) { case 'flag': /* * Test for Transgender flag compatibility. Added in Unicode 13. * * To test for support, we try to render it, and compare the rendering to how it would look if * the browser doesn't render it correctly (white flag emoji + transgender symbol). */ isIdentical = emojiSetsRenderIdentically( context, '\uD83C\uDFF3\uFE0F\u200D\u26A7\uFE0F', // as a zero-width joiner sequence '\uD83C\uDFF3\uFE0F\u200B\u26A7\uFE0F' // separated by a zero-width space ); if ( isIdentical ) { return false; } /* * Test for UN flag compatibility. This is the least supported of the letter locale flags, * so gives us an easy test for full support. * * To test for support, we try to render it, and compare the rendering to how it would look if * the browser doesn't render it correctly ([U] + [N]). */ isIdentical = emojiSetsRenderIdentically( context, '\uD83C\uDDFA\uD83C\uDDF3', // as the sequence of two code points '\uD83C\uDDFA\u200B\uD83C\uDDF3' // as the two code points separated by a zero-width space ); if ( isIdentical ) { return false; } /* * Test for English flag compatibility. England is a country in the United Kingdom, it * does not have a two letter locale code but rather a five letter sub-division code. * * To test for support, we try to render it, and compare the rendering to how it would look if * the browser doesn't render it correctly (black flag emoji + [G] + [B] + [E] + [N] + [G]). */ isIdentical = emojiSetsRenderIdentically( context, // as the flag sequence '\uD83C\uDFF4\uDB40\uDC67\uDB40\uDC62\uDB40\uDC65\uDB40\uDC6E\uDB40\uDC67\uDB40\uDC7F', // with each code point separated by a zero-width space '\uD83C\uDFF4\u200B\uDB40\uDC67\u200B\uDB40\uDC62\u200B\uDB40\uDC65\u200B\uDB40\uDC6E\u200B\uDB40\uDC67\u200B\uDB40\uDC7F' ); return ! isIdentical; case 'emoji': /* * Four and twenty blackbirds baked in a pie. * * To test for Emoji 15.0 support, try to render a new emoji: Blackbird. * * The Blackbird is a ZWJ sequence combining 🐦 Bird and ⬛ large black square., * * 0x1F426 (\uD83D\uDC26) == Bird * 0x200D == Zero-Width Joiner (ZWJ) that links the code points for the new emoji or * 0x200B == Zero-Width Space (ZWS) that is rendered for clients not supporting the new emoji. * 0x2B1B == Large Black Square * * When updating this test for future Emoji releases, ensure that individual emoji that make up the * sequence come from older emoji standards. */ isIdentical = emojiSetsRenderIdentically( context, '\uD83D\uDC26\u200D\u2B1B', // as the zero-width joiner sequence '\uD83D\uDC26\u200B\u2B1B' // separated by a zero-width space ); return ! isIdentical; } return false; } /** * Checks emoji support tests. * * This function may be serialized to run in a Worker. Therefore, it cannot refer to variables from the containing * scope. Everything must be passed by parameters. * * @since 6.3.0 * * @private * * @param {string[]} tests Tests. * @param {Function} browserSupportsEmoji Reference to browserSupportsEmoji function, needed due to minification. * @param {Function} emojiSetsRenderIdentically Reference to emojiSetsRenderIdentically function, needed due to minification. * * @return {SupportTests} Support tests. */ function testEmojiSupports( tests, browserSupportsEmoji, emojiSetsRenderIdentically ) { var canvas; if ( typeof WorkerGlobalScope !== 'undefined' && self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope ) { canvas = new OffscreenCanvas( 300, 150 ); // Dimensions are default for HTMLCanvasElement. } else { canvas = document.createElement( 'canvas' ); } var context = canvas.getContext( '2d', { willReadFrequently: true } ); /* * Chrome on OS X added native emoji rendering in M41. Unfortunately, * it doesn't work when the font is bolder than 500 weight. So, we * check for bold rendering support to avoid invisible emoji in Chrome. */ context.textBaseline = 'top'; context.font = '600 32px Arial'; var supports = {}; tests.forEach( function ( test ) { supports[ test ] = browserSupportsEmoji( context, test, emojiSetsRenderIdentically ); } ); return supports; } /** * Adds a script to the head of the document. * * @ignore * * @since 4.2.0 * * @param {string} src The url where the script is located. * * @return {void} */ function addScript( src ) { var script = document.createElement( 'script' ); script.src = src; script.defer = true; document.head.appendChild( script ); } settings.supports = { everything: true, everythingExceptFlag: true }; // Create a promise for DOMContentLoaded since the worker logic may finish after the event has fired. var domReadyPromise = new Promise( function ( resolve ) { document.addEventListener( 'DOMContentLoaded', resolve, { once: true } ); } ); // Obtain the emoji support from the browser, asynchronously when possible. new Promise( function ( resolve ) { var supportTests = getSessionSupportTests(); if ( supportTests ) { resolve( supportTests ); return; } if ( supportsWorkerOffloading() ) { try { // Note that the functions are being passed as arguments due to minification. var workerScript = 'postMessage(' + testEmojiSupports.toString() + '(' + [ JSON.stringify( tests ), browserSupportsEmoji.toString(), emojiSetsRenderIdentically.toString() ].join( ',' ) + '));'; var blob = new Blob( [ workerScript ], { type: 'text/javascript' } ); var worker = new Worker( URL.createObjectURL( blob ), { name: 'wpTestEmojiSupports' } ); worker.onmessage = function ( event ) { supportTests = event.data; setSessionSupportTests( supportTests ); worker.terminate(); resolve( supportTests ); }; return; } catch ( e ) {} } supportTests = testEmojiSupports( tests, browserSupportsEmoji, emojiSetsRenderIdentically ); setSessionSupportTests( supportTests ); resolve( supportTests ); } ) // Once the browser emoji support has been obtained from the session, finalize the settings. .then( function ( supportTests ) { /* * Tests the browser support for flag emojis and other emojis, and adjusts the * support settings accordingly. */ for ( var test in supportTests ) { settings.supports[ test ] = supportTests[ test ]; settings.supports.everything = settings.supports.everything && settings.supports[ test ]; if ( 'flag' !== test ) { settings.supports.everythingExceptFlag = settings.supports.everythingExceptFlag && settings.supports[ test ]; } } settings.supports.everythingExceptFlag = settings.supports.everythingExceptFlag && ! settings.supports.flag; // Sets DOMReady to false and assigns a ready function to settings. settings.DOMReady = false; settings.readyCallback = function () { settings.DOMReady = true; }; } ) .then( function () { return domReadyPromise; } ) .then( function () { // When the browser can not render everything we need to load a polyfill. if ( ! settings.supports.everything ) { 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Pollen granules stick to the bees’ legs and other body parts as they help themselves to nectar (the precursor of honey) inside the flowers. Pollen products are marketed through health-food stores, multilevel distributors, drugstores, mail-order advertising, and the Internet [<a href="http://www.infohwy.com/~newhrz/beepoll.htm">A</a>,<a href="http://webnz.com/alaron/ebeepol.html">B</a>,<a href="http://aim4health.com/beepoll.htm">C, </a><a href="http://www.ccpollen.com/">D</a>].</p> <h5>Misleading Claims</h5> <p>Promoters call bee pollen “the perfect food” and stress that it contains all of the essential amino acids and many vitamins and minerals [1]. However, none of these nutrients offers any magic, and all are obtained easily and less expensively from conventional foods. The <a href="http://www.ccpollen.com/">CC Pollen Company</a> of Phoenix, Arizona, has also claimed:</p> <blockquote> <p>It has been estimated that honeybee pollen contains over 5,000 enzymes and coenzymes, many times more than any other food. . . . Enzymes in the body are not only necessary for perpetual healing and digestion but for life itself. Without enzymes, life is impossible. Also, enzymes protect against premature aging. It has been reliably stated that only honeybee pollen contains all known enzymes in perfect proportion and perfect balance. [1]</p> </blockquote> <p>The above statement is erroneous. Pollen does not contain all known enzymes, and even if it did, that would not contribute to human health. The enzymes in plants and other species of animals help regulate the metabolic functions of their respective species. When ingested, they do not act as enzymes within the human body, because they are digested rather than absorbed intact into the body.</p> <p>Bee pollen has also been claimed to improve athletic and sexual performance; slow the aging process; promote both weight loss and weight gain; prevent infection, allergy, and cancer; and alleviate more than 60 other health problems.</p> <p>No scientific study supports any claim that bee pollen is effective against any human disease. The few studies that have been done to test its effect on athletic performance have shown no benefit [2-4]. In the mid-1970s, for example, tests conducted on swimmers and cross-country runners found no difference in performance between those who took bee pollen and those who took a placebo [3]. A six-week study of 20 swimmers published in 1982 found no performance difference [4].</p> <p>Royal jelly, which is secreted from the salivary glands of worker bees, serves as food for all young larvae and as the only food for larvae that will develop into queen bees. Like bee pollen, it has been falsely claimed to be especially nutritious, to provide buoyant energy, and to have therapeutic properties.</p> <p>Bee pollen and royal jelly should be regarded as potentially dangerous because they cause allergic reactions. People allergic to specific pollens have developed asthma, hives, and anaphylactic shock after ingesting pollen or royal jelly [5-12]. Neurologic and gastrointestinal reactions have also been reported [13,14]. Some cases of asthma and anaphylaxis have been fatal. The potential for serious reactions is widespread because at least 5% of Americans are allergic to ragweed pollen, and bee pollen contains pollen from ragweed or plants that cross-react with ragweed, such as dandelions, sunflowers, or chrysanthemums [15,16]. It has been speculated the presence of these allergens might enable regular users to become desensitized (as would happen with allergy shots). However, the odds of this happening are extremely small. Shots deliver the pollen in significant and controllable amounts, whereas bee pollen taken by mouth delivers unpredictable amounts that get digested [17].</p> <p>Bees are exposed to various bacterial and chemical contaminants that might be incorporated in products for human consumption [18]. Although both bee pollen and royal jelly contain substances with antibiotic properties, both can sustain the growth of disease-causing organisms and neither has practical use as an antibiotic [19]. Contaminants can also be introduced during processing [18]. In 1995, Montana Naturals International, in Arlee, Montana, had to recall several thousand bottles of a bee pollen/royal jelly/propolis mix because of contamination with lead.</p> <p>Propolis, also called “bee glue,” is a resinous substance bees use to construct and maintain their hives. In laboratory tests, propolis has exhibited a variety of interesting antimicrobial and antitumor properties [20]. However, it has little practical use and can cause contact dermatitis and other allergic reactions [21].</p> <h5>Federal Enforcement Actions</h5> <ul> <li>In 1990, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) obtained a consent agreement barring <a href="https://www.ftc.gov/opa/predawn/F93/aln.htm">American Life Nutrition</a> and American LifeFarFun, Inc., from making various unsubstantiated claims for its bee pollen and four other products. </li> <li>In 1992, a federal court ordered destruction of quantities of <i>Bee Alive, </i>a royal jelly and herb combination in honey seized from <a href="http://www.beealive.com/">Bee-Alive Inc</a>., of Valley Cottage, N.Y. In 1989, the FDA had warned the company that promotional material distributed with a similar product had made illegal statements that the product was useful in treating or preventing chronic Epstein-Barr virus syndrome, gastrointestinal ulcers, colitis, low blood pressure, arteriosclerosis, nervous breakdowns, infertility, impotence, depression, rheumatoid arthritis, Alzheimer’s disease, anemia, asthma, hemorrhoids, migraine headaches, and other problems. Despite a promise to stop distributing literature making these claims, the company continued to advertise that Regina Royal Jelly could help children resist childhood ailments, “offers daytime vitality and nighttime tranquility,” increases mental and physical stamina, and “seems to improve the immune system.” Company president Madeline Balletta still promotes <i>Bee-Alive</i> as a “super-food” whose users (including herself) have been relieved from severe fatigue [22,23]. </li> <li>In 1994, the FTC obtained a consent agreement barring <a href="https://www.ftc.gov/opa/predawn/F95/beesweetinc.htm">Bee-Sweet, Inc</a>., a North Carolina-based firm, from claiming that its products could treat various physical ailments. Its ads had claimed that, “Studies performed by doctors around the world have shown bee pollen to be effective in treating illnesses from allergies to arthritis, anorexia to overweight, fatigue to arteriosclerosis.” </li> <li>In 1992, the <a href="https://www.ftc.gov/opa/predawn/F93/ccpollen.6.htm">CC Pollen Company</a> and its owners (Bruce R. Brown, Carol M. Brown, and Royden Brown) agreed to pay $200,000 to settle charges that they falsely represented that bee-pollen products could produce weight loss, permanently alleviate allergies, reverse the aging process, and cure, prevent, or alleviate impotence or sexual dysfunction. The company and its owners were also charged with falsely stating that bee-pollen products are an effective antibiotic for human use and cannot result in an allergic reaction. Under the agreement, the company and its owners were prohibited from making all of these claims and are required to have scientific evidence to support any other health-related claims about any other product for human consumption. Some of the false claims were made in “infomercials” that were misrepresented as news or documentary programs, even though they were paid ads. During one infomercial, entitled “TV Insiders,” host Vince Inneo falsely implied that the program was part of a series of independent investigations. The products offered during the infomercial were <i>Bee-Young</i>, <i>Pollenergy</i> (to “restore missing energy’), <i>Royal Jelly</i> (“to keep sexually active at any age”), <i>President’s Lunch</i>, and <i>First Lady’s Lunch Bar</i>. The infomercial producer <a href="https://www.ftc.gov/opa/predawn/F93/tvinc.txt">TV, Inc</a>., signed a separate consent agreement. </li> </ul> <p>Although violation of an FTC consent agreement can trigger large penalties, Royden Brown continued to promote bee pollen illegally. In May 1994, S&S Public Relations Inc., of Chicago, issued a letter stating: “It’s allergy season, but many sufferers aren’t suffering anymore. They’re using Aller-Bee-Gone, bee pollen tablets that are credited with relieving the symptoms of allergies, asthma, and other respiratory ailments.” The accompanying news release added that Brown’s lifetime goal was “to eliminate degenerative disease worldwide through the use of bee pollen. However, a few weeks later, bee pollen’s most colorful promoter died following injuries sustained in a fall.</p> <h5>For Additional Information</h5> <ul> <li><a href="http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/scripts/htmlgen.exe?DOCUMENT_AA158">Producing pollen (fact sheet from the University of Florida)</a> </li> </ul> <h5>References</h5> <ol> <li>Is honeybee pollen the world’s only perfect food? (Booklet) Phoenix, AZ: CC Pollen Company, 1984. </li> <li>Steben RE, Boudroux P. The effects of pollen and pollen extracts on selected blood factors and performance of athletes. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness 18:271-278, 1978. </li> <li>Larkin T. Bee pollen as a health food. FDA Consumer 18(3):21 22, 1984. </li> <li>Maughan RJ, Evans SP. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=7139223&dopt=Abstract">Effects of pollen extract upon adolescent swimmers. British Journal of Sports Medicine </a>16:142-145, 1982. </li> <li>Thien FC and others. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8835130&dopt=Abstract">Asthma and anaphylaxis induced by royal jelly</a>. Clinical and Experimental Allergy 26:216-222, 1996. </li> <li>Shaw D and others. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9391777&dopt=Abstract">Traditional remedies and food supplements. A 5-year toxicological study (1991-1995)</a>. Drug Safety 17:342-356, 1997. </li> <li>Prichard M, Turner KJ. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=3864427&dopt=Abstract">Acute hypersensitivity to ingested processed pollen</a>. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Medicine 15:346-347, 1985. </li> <li>Yonei Y and others. Case report: <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9257239&dopt=Abstract">Haemorrhagic colitis associated with royal jelly intake</a>. Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology 12:495-499, 1997. </li> <li>Geyman JP. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8059632&dopt=Abstract">Anaphylactic reaction after ingestion of bee pollen</a>. Journal of the American Board of Family Practice 7:250-252, 1994. </li> <li>Mansfield LE, Goldstein GB. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=7270986&dopt=Abstract">Anaphylactic reaction after ingestion of local bee pollen</a>. Annals of Allergy 47:154-156, 1981. </li> <li>Lombardi C and others. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9934408&dopt=Abstract">Allergic reactions to honey and royal jelly and their relationship with sensitization to compositae</a>. Allergologia et Immunopathologia 26:288-290, 1998. </li> <li>Leung R and others. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9088660&dopt=Abstract">Royal jelly consumption and hypersensitivity in the community</a>. Clinical and Experimental Allergy 27:333-336, 1997. </li> <li>Lin FL and others. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2708739&dopt=Abstract">Hypereosinophilia, neurologic, and gastrointestinal symptoms after bee pollen ingestion</a>. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 83:793-796, 1989. </li> <li>Puente S and others. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9324586&dopt=Abstract">Eosinophilic gastroenteritis caused by bee pollen sensitization.</a> Medicina Clinica 108:698-700, 1997. </li> <li>Mirkin G. Can bee pollen benefit health? JAMA 262:1854, 1989. </li> <li>Helbling A and others. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1590566&dopt=Abstract">Allergy to honey: Relation to pollen and honey bee allergy</a>. Allergy 47:41-49, 1992. </li> <li>Wandycz K. Allergies: Runny nose? Itchy throat? Bee pollen helps some allergy victims, but for most people it’s a waste of money. Forbes, April 25, 1995, p 414. </li> <li>Fleche C and others. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9501376&dopt=Abstract">Contamination of bee products and risk for human health: Situation in France</a>. Revue Scientifique et Technique 16:609-19, 1997. </li> <li>Sanford MT. <a href="http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/scripts/htmlgen.exe?DOCUMENT_AA158">Pollen marketing.</a> Fact Sheet ENY-118. Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Feb 1995. </li> <li>Burdock GA. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9651052&dopt=Abstract">Review of the biological properties and toxicity of bee propolis</a>. Food and Chemical Toxicology 36:347-363, 1998. </li> <li>Hausen BM and others. <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=3315436&dopt=Abstract">Propolis allergy (I): Origin, properties, usage and literature review</a>. Contact Dermatitis 17:163-170, 1987. </li> <li>Ben Kinchlow and Madeline Balletta have a secret they want to share with you. They both have major responsibilities and hectic schedules. They both travel extensively. They have a secret . . . a God-given food that has already helped hundreds of thousands of Christians. Advertisement in Human Events, Aug 20, 1999, p 15. </li> <li><a href="http://www.beealive.com/royalj_say.html">Bee-Alive Web site</a>, Accessed Aug 22, 1999. </li> </ol> <p> <a href="../../../index.html">Quackwatch Home Page</a></p> </p> <p> <font size="-1">This article was revised on September 17, 1999.</font></p> <div class="clearfix"></div> </div> <footer class="entry-meta"> </footer> </article> </main> </div> <div id="sidebar-wrapper" class=""> <div id="sidebar-right">   <li id="media_image-2" class="widget widget_media_image"><a href="https://www.amazon.com/Consumer-Health-Guide-Intelligent-Decisions-ebook/dp/B07P7D6SQ5"><img width="234" height="300" src="https://centerforinquiry.s3.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/33/2020/01/22174957/41a9x1s3uoL._SX388_BO1204203200_-234x300.jpg" class="image wp-image-16122 attachment-medium size-medium" alt="" style="max-width: 100%; height: auto;" decoding="async" loading="lazy" srcset="https://centerforinquiry.s3.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/33/2020/01/22174957/41a9x1s3uoL._SX388_BO1204203200_-234x300.jpg 234w, https://centerforinquiry.s3.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/33/2020/01/22174957/41a9x1s3uoL._SX388_BO1204203200_.jpg 390w" sizes="(max-width: 234px) 100vw, 234px" /></a></li><li id="text-7" class="widget widget_text"><h2 class="widgettitle">Consumer Health: A Guide to Intelligent Decisions</h2> <div class="textwidget"><p>This new edition of the most comprehensive text available in the field continues to provide a vast amount of information to enable consumers to make wise choices regarding health products and services. 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'checked="checked"' : '' }}} aria-labelledby="nf-label-field-{{{ data.fieldID }}}-other" <# if( data.required ) { #> required aria-required="true" <# } #> > <label id="nf-label-field-{{{ data.fieldID }}}-other">Other {{{ data.renderOtherText() }}} </label> </li> </script> <script id='tmpl-nf-field-listcheckbox-other-text' type='text/template'> <input type="text" name="nf-field-{{{ data.fieldID }}}" class="nf-element" value="{{{ data.currentValue }}}"> </script> <script id="tmpl-nf-field-textarea" type="text/template"> <textarea id="nf-field-{{{ data.id }}}" name="nf-field-{{{ data.id }}}" aria-invalid="false" aria-describedby="nf-error-{{{ data.id }}} nf-description-{{{ data.id }}}" class="{{{ data.renderClasses() }}} nf-element" {{{ data.renderPlaceholder() }}} {{{ data.maybeDisabled() }}} {{{ data.maybeDisableAutocomplete() }}} {{{ data.maybeInputLimit() }}} aria-labelledby="nf-label-field-{{{ data.id }}}" {{{ data.maybeRequired() }}} >{{{ _.escape( data.value ) }}}</textarea> </script>  <script id="tmpl-nf-rte-media-button" type="text/template"> <span class="dashicons dashicons-admin-media"></span> </script> <script id="tmpl-nf-rte-link-button" type="text/template"> <span class="dashicons dashicons-admin-links"></span> </script> <script id="tmpl-nf-rte-unlink-button" type="text/template"> <span class="dashicons dashicons-editor-unlink"></span> </script> <script id="tmpl-nf-rte-link-dropdown" type="text/template"> <div class="summernote-link"> URL <input type="url" class="widefat code link-url"> <br /> Text <input type="url" class="widefat code link-text"> <br /> <label> <input type="checkbox" class="link-new-window"> {{{ nfi18n.fieldsTextareaOpenNewWindow }}} </label> <input type="button" class="cancel-link extra" value="Cancel"> <input type="button" class="insert-link extra" value="Insert"> </div> </script> <script id="tmpl-nf-field-submit" type="text/template"> <# let myType = data.type if('save'== data.type){ myType = 'button' } #> <input id="nf-field-{{{ data.id }}}" class="{{{ data.renderClasses() }}} nf-element " type="{{{myType}}}" value="{{{ ( data.maybeFilterHTML() === 'true' ) ? _.escape( data.label ) : data.label }}}" {{{ ( data.disabled ) ? 'aria-disabled="true" disabled="true"' : '' }}}> </script><script id='tmpl-nf-field-button' type='text/template'> <button id="nf-field-{{{ data.id }}}" name="nf-field-{{{ data.id }}}" class="{{{ data.classes }}} nf-element"> {{{ ( data.maybeFilterHTML() === 'true' ) ? _.escape( data.label ) : data.label }}} </button> </script>  </div> <script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.12.4/jquery.min.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://centerforinquiry.org/js/new/main_init.js"></script> </body> </html>