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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Structure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Structure</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Structure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Interprétations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Interprétations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Interprétations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Interprétations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes_et_références" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes_et_références"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Notes et références</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes_et_références-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voir_aussi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voir_aussi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Voir aussi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Voir_aussi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Afficher / masquer la sous-section Voir aussi</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Voir_aussi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Articles_connexes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Articles_connexes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Articles connexes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Articles_connexes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Liens_externes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liens_externes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Liens externes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liens_externes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sommaire" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Basculer la table des matières" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Basculer la table des matières</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Organisme (physiologie)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Aller à un article dans une autre langue. Disponible en 153 langues." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-153" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">153 langues</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisme" title="Organisme – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Organisme" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebewesen" title="Lebewesen – alémanique" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Lebewesen" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="alémanique" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organismo" title="Organismo – aragonais" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Organismo" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%86_%D8%AD%D9%8A" title="كائن حي – arabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كائن حي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%86_%D8%AD%D9%8A" title="كائن حي – arabe marocain" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="كائن حي" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="arabe marocain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%86_%D8%AD%D9%89" title="كائن حى – arabe égyptien" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كائن حى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="arabe égyptien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%80%E0%A7%B1" title="জীৱ – assamais" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="জীৱ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="assamais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ser_vivu" title="Ser vivu – asturien" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Ser vivu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orqanizm" title="Orqanizm – azerbaïdjanais" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Orqanizm" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaïdjanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%84%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="جانلی‌لار – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="جانلی‌لار" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="bon article"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Организм – bachkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Организм" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="bachkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebewesn" title="Lebewesn – bavarois" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Lebewesn" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="bavarois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uorgan%C4%97zmos" title="Uorganėzmos – samogitien" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Uorganėzmos" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="samogitien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organismo" title="Organismo – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Organismo" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Арганізм – biélorusse" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Арганізм" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="biélorusse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Арганізм – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Арганізм" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%8A%D0%BC" title="Организъм – bulgare" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Организъм" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgare" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AC" title="জীব – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জীব" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organizam_(biologija)" title="Organizam (biologija) – bosniaque" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Organizam (biologija)" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Махабад – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Махабад" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisme" title="Organisme – catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Organisme" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C4%95ng-%C5%ADk" title="Sĕng-ŭk – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Sĕng-ŭk" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organismo" title="Organismo – cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Organismo" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%AC%E1%8F%83%E1%8F%97" title="ᎬᏃᏗ – cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎬᏃᏗ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%86%D8%B1%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B2%D9%85" title="ئۆرگانیزم – sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئۆرگانیزم" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organismus" title="Organismus – tchèque" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Organismus" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tchèque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Организм – tchouvache" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Организм" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tchouvache" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organeb_byw" title="Organeb byw – gallois" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Organeb byw" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gallois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisme" title="Organisme – danois" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Organisme" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebewesen" title="Lebewesen – allemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Lebewesen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gani" title="Gani – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Gani" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9F%CF%81%CE%B3%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82_(%CE%B2%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%AF%CE%B1)" title="Οργανισμός (βιολογία) – grec" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Οργανισμός (βιολογία)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="bon article"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organism" title="Organism – anglais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Organism" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organismo" title="Organismo – espéranto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Organismo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="espéranto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ser_vivo" title="Ser vivo – espagnol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ser vivo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espagnol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organism" title="Organism – estonien" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Organism" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organismo" title="Organismo – basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Organismo" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organismu" title="Organismu – estrémègne" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Organismu" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="estrémègne" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="جاندار – persan" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جاندار" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eli%C3%B6" title="Eliö – finnois" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Eliö" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finnois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elolin%C3%B5" title="Elolinõ – võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Elolinõ" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organismo" title="Organismo – francoprovençal" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Organismo" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="francoprovençal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organismus" title="Organismus – frison septentrional" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Organismus" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frison septentrional" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisme" title="Organisme – frison occidental" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Organisme" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frison occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Org%C3%A1nach" title="Orgánach – irlandais" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Orgánach" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organism_(fizyoloji)" title="Organism (fizyoloji) – créole guyanais" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Organism (fizyoloji)" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="créole guyanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ser_vivo" title="Ser vivo – galicien" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Ser vivo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galicien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gor mw-list-item"><a href="https://gor.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makhluk_hidup" title="Makhluk hidup – gorontalo" lang="gor" hreflang="gor" data-title="Makhluk hidup" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Hulontalo" data-language-local-name="gorontalo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Hulontalo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioag" title="Bioag – mannois" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Bioag" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="mannois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A2ng-vu%CC%8Dt" title="Sâng-vu̍t – hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Sâng-vu̍t" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%92%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9D" title="אורגניזם – hébreu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אורגניזם" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hébreu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B5" title="जीव – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="जीव" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jiu" title="Jiu – hindi fidjien" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Jiu" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="hindi fidjien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organizam_(biologija)" title="Organizam (biologija) – croate" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Organizam (biologija)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%92ganis" title="Òganis – créole haïtien" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Òganis" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="créole haïtien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89l%C5%91l%C3%A9ny" title="Élőlény – hongrois" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Élőlény" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hongrois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%95%D6%80%D5%A3%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%A6%D5%B4" title="Օրգանիզմ – arménien" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Օրգանիզմ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organismo" title="Organismo – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Organismo" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makhluk_hidup" title="Makhluk hidup – indonésien" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Makhluk hidup" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organismo" title="Organismo – ilocano" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Organismo" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ilocano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Организм – ingouche" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Организм" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="ingouche" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organismo" title="Organismo – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Organismo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADfvera" title="Lífvera – islandais" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Lífvera" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organismo_vivente" title="Organismo vivente – italien" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Organismo vivente" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9" title="生物 – japonais" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="生物" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aaganizim" title="Aaganizim – créole jamaïcain" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Aaganizim" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="créole jamaïcain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/jmive" title="jmive – lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="jmive" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisme" title="Organisme – javanais" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Organisme" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="ორგანიზმი – géorgien" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ორგანიზმი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="géorgien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organizm" title="Organizm – karakalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Organizm" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="karakalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amuddir" title="Amuddir – kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Amuddir" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C4%A9%C5%A9mbe" title="Kĩũmbe – kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Kĩũmbe" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D2%93%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Ағза – kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ағза" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%84%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%82%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%99" title="សារពាង្គកាយ – khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="សារពាង្គកាយ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%B5" title="ಸಾವಯವ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಸಾವಯವ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC" title="생물 – coréen" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="생물" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coréen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organ%C3%AEzm" title="Organîzm – kurde" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Organîzm" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurde" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organedh" title="Organedh – cornique" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Organedh" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="cornique" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Организм – kirghize" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Организм" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirghize" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organismus" title="Organismus – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Organismus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liewewiesen" title="Liewewiesen – luxembourgeois" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Liewewiesen" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxembourgeois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B4%E0%BB%88%E0%BA%87%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%B5%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B5%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%94" title="ສິ່ງມີຊີວິດ – lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ສິ່ງມີຊີວິດ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organizmas" title="Organizmas – lituanien" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Organizmas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituanien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisms" title="Organisms – letton" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Organisms" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zavamananaina" title="Zavamananaina – malgache" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Zavamananaina" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgache" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Организам – macédonien" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Организам" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macédonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF" title="ജീവി – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ജീവി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Организм – mongol" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Организм" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B5" title="सजीव – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="सजीव" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisma" title="Organisma – malais" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Organisma" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9E%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AD%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AF%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%AF" title="သက်ရှိရုပ်စု – birman" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="သက်ရှိရုပ်စု" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organismo" title="Organismo – napolitain" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Organismo" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="napolitain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organismus_(Biologie)" title="Organismus (Biologie) – bas-allemand" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Organismus (Biologie)" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="bas-allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%80" title="प्राणी – népalais" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="प्राणी" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="népalais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%80" title="प्राणी – newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="प्राणी" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisme" title="Organisme – néerlandais" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Organisme" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="néerlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisme" title="Organisme – norvégien nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Organisme" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvégien nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisme" title="Organisme – norvégien bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Organisme" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvégien bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisme_vivent" title="Organisme vivent – occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Organisme vivent" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micirjirtii" title="Micirjirtii – oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Micirjirtii" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A3%E0%A9%80" title="ਪ੍ਰਾਣੀ – pendjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਪ੍ਰਾਣੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="pendjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organismo" title="Organismo – papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Organismo" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organizm" title="Organizm – polonais" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Organizm" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B1%DA%AF%D9%86%D8%B2%D9%85" title="آرگنزم – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="آرگنزم" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%90%D8%B2%D9%85" title="ارګانېزم – pachto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ارګانېزم" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pachto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organismo" title="Organismo – portugais" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Organismo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kawsaq" title="Kawsaq – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Kawsaq" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organism" title="Organism – roumain" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Organism" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="roumain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiin%C8%9B%C3%A2" title="Hiințâ – aroumain" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Hiințâ" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="aroumain" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Организм – russe" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Организм" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D2%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Орґанізм – ruthène" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Орґанізм" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="ruthène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Организм – iakoute" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Организм" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="iakoute" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urganismu" title="Urganismu – sicilien" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Urganismu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicilien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88" title="ساهوارو – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ساهوارو" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eal%C3%A1n" title="Ealán – same du Nord" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Ealán" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="same du Nord" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organizam" title="Organizam – serbo-croate" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Organizam" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%93%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F" title="ජීවීයා – cingalais" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ජීවීයා" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="cingalais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organism" title="Organism – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Organism" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDiv%C3%A1_bytos%C5%A5" title="Živá bytosť – slovaque" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Živá bytosť" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organizem" title="Organizem – slovène" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Organizem" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organizmi" title="Organizmi – albanais" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Organizmi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Организам – serbe" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Организам" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organismeu" title="Organismeu – soundanais" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Organismeu" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="soundanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organism" title="Organism – suédois" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Organism" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suédois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiumbehai" title="Kiumbehai – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kiumbehai" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/mauzipay" title="mauzipay – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="mauzipay" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="உயிரினம் – tamoul" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="உயிரினம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamoul" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF" title="జీవి – télougou" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="జీవి" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="télougou" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Андомгон – tadjik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Андомгон" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadjik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95" title="สิ่งมีชีวิต – thaï" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สิ่งมีชีวิต" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thaï" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organizm" title="Organizm – turkmène" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Organizm" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turkmène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organismo" title="Organismo – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Organismo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canl%C4%B1" title="Canlı – turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Canlı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Организм – tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Организм" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Організм – ukrainien" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Організм" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%DB%81" title="نامیہ – ourdou" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="نامیہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ourdou" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organizm" title="Organizm – ouzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Organizm" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ouzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organizm" title="Organizm – vepse" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Organizm" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="vepse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinh_v%E1%BA%ADt" title="Sinh vật – vietnamien" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Sinh vật" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisme" title="Organisme – flamand occidental" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Organisme" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="flamand occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nogan" title="Nogan – volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Nogan" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organismo" title="Organismo – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Organismo" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9" title="生物 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="生物" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/I-organism" title="I-organism – xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="I-organism" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="ორგანიზმი – mingrélien" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ორგანიზმი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrélien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%92%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9D" title="ארגאניזם – yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="ארגאניזם" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%BA%B8l%E1%BA%B9%CC%81%E1%BA%B9%CC%80m%C3%ADn" title="Ẹlẹ́ẹ̀mín – yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Ẹlẹ́ẹ̀mín" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swnghvuz" title="Swnghvuz – zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Swnghvuz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9" title="生物 – chinois" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="生物" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9" title="生物 – chinois littéraire" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="生物" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="chinois littéraire" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A8%E2%81%BF-mi%C4%81-th%C3%A9" title="Sèⁿ-miā-thé – minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Sèⁿ-miā-thé" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9" title="生物 – cantonais" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="生物" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IziPhili" title="IziPhili – zoulou" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="IziPhili" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zoulou" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7239#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifier les liens interlangues" class="wbc-editpage">Modifier les 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mw-parser-output" lang="fr" dir="ltr"><div class="bandeau-container metadata homonymie hatnote"><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Aide:Homonymie" title="Aide:Homonymie"><img alt="Page d’aide sur l’homonymie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/20px-Logo_disambig.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/30px-Logo_disambig.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Logo_disambig.svg/40px-Logo_disambig.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="375" /></a></span></div><div class="bandeau-cell" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <p>Pour les articles homonymes, voir <a href="/wiki/Vivant" class="mw-disambig" title="Vivant">vivant</a> et <a href="/wiki/Organisation" title="Organisation">Organisation</a>. </p> </div></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:E._coli_Bacteria_(7316101966).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/E._coli_Bacteria_%287316101966%29.jpg/220px-E._coli_Bacteria_%287316101966%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/E._coli_Bacteria_%287316101966%29.jpg/330px-E._coli_Bacteria_%287316101966%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/E._coli_Bacteria_%287316101966%29.jpg/440px-E._coli_Bacteria_%287316101966%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1766" /></a><figcaption>Les bactéries <i><a href="/wiki/Escherichia_coli" title="Escherichia coli">Escherichia coli</a></i> sont des organismes unicellulaires.</figcaption></figure> <p>Un <b>organisme</b> (du <a href="/wiki/Grec" title="Grec">grec</a> <i>organon</i>, « instrument »), ou <b>organisme vivant</b>, est, en <a href="/wiki/Biologie" title="Biologie">biologie</a> et en <a href="/wiki/%C3%89cologie" title="Écologie">écologie</a>, un <a href="/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me" title="Système">système</a> vivant complexe, organisé<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> et est le produit de variations successives au cours de l'<a href="/wiki/%C3%89volution_(biologie)" title="Évolution (biologie)">évolution</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Il est constitué d'une ou plusieurs <a href="/wiki/Cellule_(biologie)" title="Cellule (biologie)">cellules vivantes</a> (on parle alors, respectivement, d'<a href="/wiki/Organisme_unicellulaire" title="Organisme unicellulaire">organisme unicellulaire</a> ou <a href="/wiki/Organisme_multicellulaire" title="Organisme multicellulaire">pluricellulaire</a>). Les organismes vivants sont classifiés en <a href="/wiki/Esp%C3%A8ce" title="Espèce">espèces</a> partageant des caractéristiques génétiques, biologiques et morphologiques communes. </p><p>Les organismes complexes, multicellulaires, sont constitués d'un ensemble de <a href="/wiki/Cellule_(biologie)" title="Cellule (biologie)">cellules vivantes</a> <a href="/wiki/Diff%C3%A9renciation_cellulaire" title="Différenciation cellulaire">différenciées</a>, dérivant en général d'une <a href="/wiki/%C5%92uf_(biologie)" title="Œuf (biologie)">progénitrice</a> unique et partagent le même <a href="/wiki/Patrimoine_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9tique" title="Patrimoine génétique">patrimoine génétique</a>. Ces cellules baignent dans, et délimitent, un <a href="/wiki/Environnement_int%C3%A9rieur_(biologie)" class="mw-redirect" title="Environnement intérieur (biologie)">environnement intérieur</a>. Elles assurent des <a href="/wiki/Fonction_(biologie)" title="Fonction (biologie)">fonctions</a> spécialisées et opèrent de manière concertée de façon à fonctionner comme un ensemble stable. </p><p>La stabilité des organismes n'est pas statique (fondée sur un <a href="/wiki/%C3%89quilibre_thermodynamique" title="Équilibre thermodynamique">équilibre thermodynamique</a>, état qui caractériserait la <a href="/wiki/Mort" title="Mort">mort</a> de l'organisme), mais dynamique : l'organisme est <a href="/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_dissipatif" title="Système dissipatif">hors d'équilibre</a> et se maintient dans un état de plus basse <a href="/wiki/Entropie_(thermodynamique)" title="Entropie (thermodynamique)">entropie</a>, plus organisé qu'à l'équilibre, par des réactions chimiques internes. Ces réactions sont <a href="/wiki/Autonomie_(biologie)" title="Autonomie (biologie)">autonomes</a> et entretenues par l’apport de <a href="/wiki/Nutriment" title="Nutriment">nutriments</a> (aussi parfois d'<a href="/wiki/Photosynth%C3%A8se" title="Photosynthèse">énergie lumineuse</a>), apportant à l'organisme matière utile et énergie, et l'évacuation de déchets ; elles contribuent au maintien de la stabilité de l'environnement intérieur. Ce phénomène d'équilibre dynamique maintenu par l'organisme est appelée <a href="/wiki/Hom%C3%A9ostasie" title="Homéostasie">homéostasie</a>. </p><p>Quelques centaines d'espèces, dites « <a href="/wiki/Organisme_mod%C3%A8le" title="Organisme modèle">organismes modèles</a> », sont utilisées comme modèles d'étude par les scientifiques et les laboratoires de recherche pour comprendre les mécanismes fondamentaux du vivant. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Généralités"><span id="G.C3.A9n.C3.A9ralit.C3.A9s"></span>Généralités</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Organisme_(physiologie)&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifier la section : Généralités" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Organisme_(physiologie)&action=edit&section=1" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Généralités"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Un organisme est un <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Atre" title="Être">être</a> organisé, qui peut être un <a href="/wiki/Organisme_unicellulaire" title="Organisme unicellulaire">organisme unicellulaire</a> ou un <a href="/wiki/Organisme_multicellulaire" title="Organisme multicellulaire">organisme multicellulaire</a>. Le terme d'<b>organisme complexe</b> s'applique à tout organisme vivant ayant plus d'une <a href="/wiki/Cellule_(biologie)" title="Cellule (biologie)">cellule</a>. </p><p>Il est difficile de définir avec précision ce qu'est un <a href="/wiki/Vie" title="Vie">être vivant</a>. On peut donner quelques caractéristiques du vivant : </p> <ul><li>la capacité de se maintenir en vie en puisant dans l'environnement l'énergie et les composants nécessaires. Cette capacité s'appuie sur le <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9tabolisme" title="Métabolisme">métabolisme</a> qui inclut diverses fonctions, telles que la <a href="/wiki/Nutrition" title="Nutrition">nutrition</a>, la <a href="/wiki/Respiration" title="Respiration">respiration</a>, la <a href="/wiki/Photosynth%C3%A8se" title="Photosynthèse">photosynthèse</a>… ;</li> <li>la capacité de se développer selon une certaine organisation (<a href="/wiki/Croissance_biologique" title="Croissance biologique">croissance</a>, <a href="/wiki/Morphologie_(biologie)" class="mw-redirect" title="Morphologie (biologie)">morphologie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Division_cellulaire" title="Division cellulaire">division cellulaire</a>, développement) ;</li> <li>la capacité de se reproduire et de donner naissance à d'autres organismes vivants (<a href="/wiki/Multiplication_v%C3%A9g%C3%A9tative" title="Multiplication végétative">reproduction végétative</a> ou <a href="/wiki/Sexe" title="Sexe">sexuée</a>) ;</li> <li>la nécessité d'un <a href="/wiki/Environnement" title="Environnement">environnement</a> favorable pour survivre (<a href="/wiki/Temp%C3%A9rature" title="Température">température</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pression" title="Pression">pression</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oxyg%C3%A8ne" title="Oxygène">oxygène</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eau" title="Eau">eau</a>…).</li></ul> <p>La <a href="/wiki/Mati%C3%A8re" title="Matière">matière</a> vivante est fondée sur la <a href="/wiki/Chimie_organique" title="Chimie organique">chimie organique</a> avec comme base le <a href="/wiki/Carbone" title="Carbone">carbone</a>. </p><p>Tout organisme vivant est <a href="/wiki/Mort" title="Mort">mortel</a>, par définition. </p><p>Selon la source d'énergie utilisée, on distingue les organismes <a href="/wiki/Chimiotrophie" title="Chimiotrophie">chimiotrophes</a>, tirant leur énergie de molécules et les <a href="/wiki/Phototrophie" title="Phototrophie">phototrophes</a>, tirant leur énergie de la <a href="/wiki/Lumi%C3%A8re" title="Lumière">lumière</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Structure">Structure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Organisme_(physiologie)&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifier la section : Structure" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Organisme_(physiologie)&action=edit&section=2" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Structure"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Plagiomnium_affine_laminazellen.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Plagiomnium_affine_laminazellen.jpeg/220px-Plagiomnium_affine_laminazellen.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Plagiomnium_affine_laminazellen.jpeg/330px-Plagiomnium_affine_laminazellen.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Plagiomnium_affine_laminazellen.jpeg/440px-Plagiomnium_affine_laminazellen.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Cellules végétales organisées.</figcaption></figure> <p>Tous les organismes vivants sont composés d'un nombre plus ou moins grand de cellules. Un organisme se développe en général à partir d'une cellule unique, par <a href="/wiki/Division_cellulaire" title="Division cellulaire">divisions cellulaires</a> successives. Au cours de ce <a href="/wiki/Biologie_du_d%C3%A9veloppement" title="Biologie du développement">développement</a>, les cellules subissent des étapes de <a href="/wiki/Diff%C3%A9renciation_cellulaire" title="Différenciation cellulaire">différenciation</a>, ce qui leur permet d'acquérir des spécialisations associées à des fonctions particulières. Un ensemble de cellules spécialisées de même type qui s'associent forment un <a href="/wiki/Tissu_biologique" title="Tissu biologique">tissu</a> et l'organisation structurée de différents tissus constitue un <a href="/wiki/Organe" title="Organe">organe</a>. À l'intérieur d'un organisme vivant complexe, on trouve ainsi différents types cellulaires et différents tissus, variables suivant le type d'organisme considéré (<a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">animaux</a>, <a href="/wiki/Plante" title="Plante">plantes</a>…). </p><p>Ce type d'organisation hiérarchique : cellule, tissu, organe peut s'étendre aux grandes fonctions de l'organisme, on parle alors de système ou d'appareil, qui sont une collection d'organes participant à la même grande <a href="/wiki/Fonction_(biologie)" title="Fonction (biologie)">fonction</a> : <a href="/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_nerveux" title="Système nerveux">système nerveux</a>, <a href="/wiki/Appareil_respiratoire" title="Appareil respiratoire">système respiratoire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Syst%C3%A8me_reproducteur" title="Système reproducteur">appareil reproducteur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Racine_(botanique)" title="Racine (botanique)">système racinaire</a> (chez les plantes)… </p><p>L'ensemble de l'organisme suit en général un <a href="/wiki/Plan_d%27organisation" title="Plan d'organisation">plan d'organisation</a> commun à tous les individus d'une même espèce. Ce plan d'organisation détermine la disposition relative des organes et des tissus, l'existence et le positionnement de <a href="/wiki/Membre_(anatomie)" title="Membre (anatomie)">membres</a> ou d'appendices. Il est déterminé génétiquement et partagé en général par des espèces voisines sur le plan <a href="/wiki/%C3%89volution_(biologie)" title="Évolution (biologie)">évolutif</a>. Certains organismes vivants ont au cours de leur cycle de vie des stades d'existence très différenciés (stade <a href="/wiki/Larve" title="Larve">larvaire</a>, stade adulte…) avec des morphologies et des plans d'organisation qui peuvent varier, au travers d'étapes de <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9tamorphose_(biologie)" title="Métamorphose (biologie)">métamorphose</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Interprétations"><span id="Interpr.C3.A9tations"></span>Interprétations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Organisme_(physiologie)&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifier la section : Interprétations" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Organisme_(physiologie)&action=edit&section=3" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Interprétations"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Georges_Chapouthier" title="Georges Chapouthier">Georges Chapouthier</a> a proposé d'interpréter la <a href="/wiki/Complexit%C3%A9" title="Complexité">complexité</a> des organismes par l'application répétée de deux principes généraux, compatibles avec la sélection darwinienne : le principe de « juxtaposition » d'unités identiques, puis le principe d'« intégration » de ces unités dans des ensembles plus complexes, dont elles constituent alors des parties<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_et_références"><span id="Notes_et_r.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Notes et références</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Organisme_(physiologie)&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifier la section : Notes et références" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Organisme_(physiologie)&action=edit&section=4" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Notes et références"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small decimal" style=""><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="MossioMontévilLongo2016"><span class="ouvrage" id="Matteo_MossioMaël_MontévilGiuseppe_Longo2016"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Matteo <span class="nom_auteur">Mossio</span>, Maël <span class="nom_auteur">Montévil</span> et Giuseppe <span class="nom_auteur">Longo</span>, « <cite style="font-style:normal" lang="en">Theoretical principles for biology: Organization</cite> », <i><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology</span></i>, from the Century of the Genome to the Century of the Organist: New Theoreticael Approaches, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 122, <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr> 1,‎ <time class="nowrap" datetime="2016-10-01" data-sort-value="2016-10-01"><abbr class="abbr" title="premier">1<sup>er</sup></abbr> octobre 2016</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <span class="nowrap">24–35</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">DOI</a> <span class="plainlinks noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2016.07.005">10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2016.07.005</a></span>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/27938405/Theoretical_principles_for_biology_organization">lire en ligne</a>, consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2016-12-04" data-sort-value="2016-12-04">4 décembre 2016</time>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Theoretical+principles+for+biology%3A+Organization&rft.jtitle=Progress+in+Biophysics+and+Molecular+Biology&rft.issue=1&rft.aulast=Mossio&rft.aufirst=Matteo&rft.au=Mont%C3%A9vil%2C+Ma%C3%ABl&rft.au=Longo%2C+Giuseppe&rft.date=2016-10-01&rft.volume=122&rft.pages=24%E2%80%9335&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.pbiomolbio.2016.07.005&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AOrganisme+%28physiologie%29"></span></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="MontévilMossioPochevilleLongo2016"><span class="ouvrage" id="Maël_MontévilMatteo_MossioArnaud_PochevilleGiuseppe_Longo2016"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Maël <span class="nom_auteur">Montévil</span>, Matteo <span class="nom_auteur">Mossio</span>, Arnaud <span class="nom_auteur">Pocheville</span> et Giuseppe <span class="nom_auteur">Longo</span>, « <cite style="font-style:normal" lang="en">Theoretical principles for biology: Variation</cite> », <i><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology</span></i>, from the Century of the Genome to the Century of the Organism: New Theoretical Approaches, <abbr class="abbr" title="volume">vol.</abbr> 122, <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr> 1,‎ <time class="nowrap" datetime="2016-10-01" data-sort-value="2016-10-01"><abbr class="abbr" title="premier">1<sup>er</sup></abbr> octobre 2016</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <span class="nowrap">36–50</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/wiki/Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">DOI</a> <span class="plainlinks noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2016.08.005">10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2016.08.005</a></span>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/27942089/Theoretical_principles_for_biology_Variation">lire en ligne</a>, consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2016-12-04" data-sort-value="2016-12-04">4 décembre 2016</time>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Theoretical+principles+for+biology%3A+Variation&rft.jtitle=Progress+in+Biophysics+and+Molecular+Biology&rft.issue=1&rft.aulast=Mont%C3%A9vil&rft.aufirst=Ma%C3%ABl&rft.au=Mossio%2C+Matteo&rft.au=Pocheville%2C+Arnaud&rft.au=Longo%2C+Giuseppe&rft.date=2016-10-01&rft.volume=122&rft.pages=36%E2%80%9350&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.pbiomolbio.2016.08.005&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3AOrganisme+%28physiologie%29"></span></span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><i>L'homme, ce singe en mosaïque</i>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%89ditions_Odile_Jacob" title="Éditions Odile Jacob">éditions Odile Jacob</a>, 2001.</span> </li> </ol></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voir_aussi">Voir aussi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Organisme_(physiologie)&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifier la section : Voir aussi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Organisme_(physiologie)&action=edit&section=5" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Voir aussi"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Articles_connexes">Articles connexes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Organisme_(physiologie)&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifier la section : Articles connexes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Organisme_(physiologie)&action=edit&section=6" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Articles connexes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Esp%C3%A8ce" title="Espèce">Espèce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organisme_mod%C3%A8le" title="Organisme modèle">Organisme modèle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organicisme" title="Organicisme">Organicisme</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Liens_externes">Liens externes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Organisme_(physiologie)&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifier la section : Liens externes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Organisme_(physiologie)&action=edit&section=7" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Liens externes"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><span class="liste-horizontale noarchive"><span class="wd_identifiers">Ressource relative à la santé<span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239?uselang=fr#identifiers" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" 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les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></span> : <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/science/living-things"><i>Britannica</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://denstoredanske.lex.dk//organisme/"><i>Den Store Danske Encyklopædi</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/organismo_(Enciclopedia-Italiana)/"><i>Enciclopedia italiana</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.larousse.fr/encyclopedie/divers/%C3%AAtres_vivants/102011"><i>Larousse</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.universalis.fr/encyclopedie/organisme-vivant/"><i>Universalis</i></a></li> </ul></div></li> <li><div class="liste-horizontale"><span class="wd_identifiers"><a href="/wiki/Autorit%C3%A9_(sciences_de_l%27information)" title="Autorité (sciences de l'information)">Notices d'autorité</a><span class="noprint wikidata-linkback skin-invert"><span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239?uselang=fr#identifiers" title="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata"><img alt="Voir et modifier les données sur Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, 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class="navbox-container" style="clear:both;"> <table class="navbox collapsible noprint collapsed" style=""> <tbody><tr><th class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#B0E0E6"><div style="float:left; width:6em; text-align:left"><div class="noprint plainlinks nowrap tnavbar" style="padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-emphasized, #000000);"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_%C3%89l%C3%A9ments_de_la_nature" title="Modèle:Palette Éléments de la nature"><abbr class="abbr" title="Voir ce modèle.">v</abbr></a> · <a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_%C3%89l%C3%A9ments_de_la_nature&action=edit"><abbr class="abbr" title="Modifier ce modèle. Merci de prévisualiser avant de sauvegarder.">m</abbr></a></div></div><div style="font-size:110%">Éléments de la <a href="/wiki/Nature" title="Nature">nature</a></div></th> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="background:#AFEEEE">Composants</th> <td class="navbox-list" style="text-align:left;"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mati%C3%A8re" title="Matière">Matière</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atome" title="Atome">Atome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mol%C3%A9cule" title="Molécule">Molécule</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89nergie_(physique)" title="Énergie (physique)">Énergie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lumi%C3%A8re_du_jour" title="Lumière du jour">Lumière du jour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temps_(physique)" title="Temps (physique)">Temps</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="background:#AFEEEE"><a href="/wiki/Atmosph%C3%A8re_terrestre" title="Atmosphère terrestre">Atmosphère</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nuage" title="Nuage">Nuage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%A9cipitations" title="Précipitations">Précipitations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temps_(m%C3%A9t%C3%A9orologie)" title="Temps (météorologie)">Temps (météorologie)</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="background:#AFEEEE"><a href="/wiki/Biosph%C3%A8re" title="Biosphère">Biosphère</a></th> <td class="navbox-list" style="text-align:left;"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biodiversit%C3%A9" title="Biodiversité">Biodiversité</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89cosyst%C3%A8me" title="Écosystème">Écosystème</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bioc%C3%A9nose" title="Biocénose">Biocénose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biotope" title="Biotope">Biotope</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environnement_biophysique" title="Environnement biophysique">Environnement biophysique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89volution_(biologie)" title="Évolution (biologie)">Évolution</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Organisme</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">animal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A9g%C3%A9tal" title="Végétal">végétal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fungi" title="Fungi">champignon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micro-organisme" title="Micro-organisme">micro-organisme</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vie" title="Vie">Vie</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="background:#AFEEEE"><a href="/wiki/Hydrosph%C3%A8re" title="Hydrosphère">Hydrosphère</a> / <a href="/wiki/Lithosph%C3%A8re" title="Lithosphère">Lithosphère</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cours_d%27eau" title="Cours d'eau">Cours d'eau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cristaux" class="mw-redirect" title="Cristaux">Cristaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mer" title="Mer">Mer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Min%C3%A9ral" title="Minéral">Minéral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roche" title="Roche">Roche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sol_(p%C3%A9dologie)" title="Sol (pédologie)">Sol</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="background:#AFEEEE"><a href="/wiki/Univers" title="Univers">Univers</a></th> <td class="navbox-list" style="text-align:left;"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Espace_(cosmologie)" title="Espace (cosmologie)">Espace</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89toile" title="Étoile">Étoile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galaxie" title="Galaxie">Galaxie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plan%C3%A8te" title="Planète">Planète</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rayonnement_cosmique" title="Rayonnement cosmique">Rayonnement cosmique</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soleil" title="Soleil">Soleil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terre" title="Terre">Terre</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="background:#AFEEEE">Liés</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;"><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capital_naturel" title="Capital naturel">Capital naturel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_de_la_nature" title="Conservation de la nature">Conservation</a></li> <li>Cycle <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cycle_de_l%27eau" title="Cycle de l'eau">de l'eau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycle_du_carbone" title="Cycle du carbone">du carbone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscillation_climatique" title="Oscillation climatique">du climat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycle_g%C3%A9ologique" title="Cycle géologique">géologique</a></li></ul></li> <li>Droits de <ul><li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9claration_universelle_des_droits_de_l%27animal" title="Déclaration universelle des droits de l'animal">l'animal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Droit_de_l%27environnement" title="Droit de l'environnement">l'environnement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Droits_de_la_nature" title="Droits de la nature">la nature</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Histoire_naturelle" title="Histoire naturelle">Histoire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mon%C3%A9tarisation_de_la_nature" title="Monétarisation de la nature">Monétarisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naturalit%C3%A9_(environnement)" title="Naturalité (environnement)">Naturalité</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paysage" title="Paysage">Paysage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ph%C3%A9nom%C3%A8ne_naturel" title="Phénomène naturel">Phénomène naturel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophie_naturelle" title="Philosophie naturelle">Philosophie naturelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Produit_naturel" title="Produit naturel">Produit naturel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ressource_naturelle" title="Ressource naturelle">Ressource naturelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_de_la_nature" title="Science de la nature">Sciences naturelles</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <ul id="bandeau-portail" 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