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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2000_to_present"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>2000 to present</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2000_to_present-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Film_production_and_development" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Film_production_and_development"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Film production and development</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Film_production_and_development-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Animation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Animation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Animation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Animation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Welsh_film_directors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Welsh_film_directors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Welsh film directors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Welsh_film_directors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Welsh_movie_actors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Welsh_movie_actors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Welsh movie actors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Welsh_movie_actors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Wales" title="Category:Wales">a series</a> on the</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa"><span class="wraplinks"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Wales" title="Culture of Wales">Culture of Wales</a></span></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image photo"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Wales.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_Wales.svg/150px-Flag_of_Wales.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_Wales.svg/225px-Flag_of_Wales.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_Wales.svg/300px-Flag_of_Wales.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Wales" title="History of Wales">History</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Welsh_history" title="Timeline of Welsh history">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Welsh_history" title="Bibliography of Welsh history">Bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Wales" title="Prehistoric Wales">Prehistory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wales_in_the_Roman_era" title="Wales in the Roman era">Roman Era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Anglo-Welsh_wars" title="List of Anglo-Welsh wars">Anglo-Welsh Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wales_in_the_early_Middle_Ages" class="mw-redirect" title="Wales in the early Middle Ages">Early Middle Ages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Gwynedd" title="Kingdom of Gwynedd">Kingdom of Gwynedd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Powys" title="Kingdom of Powys">Kingdom of Powys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deheubarth" title="Deheubarth">Deheubarth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyfraith_Hywel" title="Cyfraith Hywel">Medieval Welsh law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_invasion_of_Wales" title="Norman invasion of Wales">Norman invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conquest_of_Wales_by_Edward_I" title="Conquest of Wales by Edward I">Edwardian conquest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wales_in_the_late_Middle_Ages" class="mw-redirect" title="Wales in the late Middle Ages">Late Middle Ages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statute_of_Rhuddlan" title="Statute of Rhuddlan">Statute of Rhuddlan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glynd%C5%B5r_rebellion" title="Glyndŵr rebellion">Glyndŵr rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laws_in_Wales_Acts_1535_and_1542" title="Laws in Wales Acts 1535 and 1542">Laws in Wales Acts 1535 and 1542</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_settlement_in_the_Americas" title="Welsh settlement in the Americas">Colonies</a></li></ul></div></div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-size:105%;line-height:1.6;"> <a href="/wiki/Welsh_people" title="Welsh people">People</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Wales" title="Languages of Wales">Languages</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_language" title="Welsh language">Welsh</a> (<a href="/wiki/Y_Fro_Gymraeg" title="Y Fro Gymraeg">Y Fro Gymraeg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Welsh_language" title="History of the Welsh language">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_placenames" class="mw-redirect" title="Welsh placenames">Welsh placenames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_surnames" title="Welsh surnames">Welsh surnames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh-medium_education" title="Welsh-medium education">Welsh-medium education</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_English" title="Welsh English">Welsh English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Romani_language" title="Welsh Romani language">Welsh Romani</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Traditions</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Welsh_costume" title="Traditional Welsh costume">Traditional Welsh costume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_law" title="Welsh law">Welsh law</a></li> <li>Land division (<a href="/wiki/Commote" title="Commote">Commote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantref" title="Cantref">Cantref</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historic_counties_of_Wales" title="Historic counties of Wales">Historic counties</a>)</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Welsh_mythology" title="Welsh mythology">Mythology</a> and <a href="/wiki/Folklore_of_Wales" class="mw-redirect" title="Folklore of Wales">folklore</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/King_Arthur" title="King Arthur">Arthurian legend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matter_of_Britain" title="Matter of Britain">Matter of Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mabinogion" title="Mabinogion">Mabinogion</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Welsh_cuisine" title="Welsh cuisine">Cuisine</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bara_brith" title="Bara brith">Bara brith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laverbread" title="Laverbread">Bara Lafwr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cawl" title="Cawl">Cawl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leek_soup" title="Leek soup">Cawl Cennin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crempog" title="Crempog">Crempog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_Gower" title="Cuisine of Gower">Gower cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glamorgan_sausage" title="Glamorgan sausage">Selsig Morgannwg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatws_Pum_Munud" title="Tatws Pum Munud">Tatws Pum Munud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Full_breakfast#Full_Welsh_breakfast" title="Full breakfast">Welsh breakfast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_cake" title="Welsh cake">Welsh cake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_rarebit" title="Welsh rarebit">Welsh rarebit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Welsh_dishes" title="List of Welsh dishes">Welsh dishes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_restaurants_in_Wales" title="List of restaurants in Wales">Restaurants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_food_festivals_in_Wales" title="List of food festivals in Wales">Food festivals</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Traditional_festival_days_of_Wales" title="Traditional festival days of Wales">Festivals</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calennig" title="Calennig">Calennig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dydd_Santes_Dwynwen" class="mw-redirect" title="Dydd Santes Dwynwen">Dydd Santes Dwynwen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C5%B5yl_Fair_y_Canhwyllau" title="Gŵyl Fair y Canhwyllau">Gŵyl Fair y Canhwyllau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_David%27s_Day" title="Saint David's Day">Saint David's Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calan_Mai" title="Calan Mai">Calan Mai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gathering_Day" title="Gathering Day">Calan Awst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calan_Gaeaf" title="Calan Gaeaf">Calan Gaeaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C5%B5yl_Mabsant" title="Gŵyl Mabsant">Gŵyl Mabsant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_holidays#Gŵyl_San_Steffan" class="mw-redirect" title="Welsh holidays">Gŵyl San Steffan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eisteddfod" title="Eisteddfod">Eisteddfod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_festivals_in_Wales" title="List of festivals in Wales">List of festivals in Wales</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Wales" title="Religion in Wales">Religion</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Wales#History" title="Religion in Wales">Religion in Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Britain#Christianity" title="Roman Britain">Christianity in Roman Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_of_England_and_Wales" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic Church of England and Wales">Catholic Church of England and Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_Christianity" title="Celtic Christianity">Celtic Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_Rite#British_(i.e._Welsh,_Cornish,_or_Breton)" title="Celtic Rite">Celtic Rite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_David" title="Saint David">Saint David</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dubricius" title="Dubricius">Dubricius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teilo" class="mw-redirect" title="Teilo">Teilo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Bible" class="mw-redirect" title="Welsh Bible">Welsh Bible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Salesbury" title="William Salesbury">William Salesbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Morgan_(Bible_translator)" title="William Morgan (Bible translator)">William Morgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Methodist_revival" title="Welsh Methodist revival">Welsh Methodist revival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1904%E2%80%931905_Welsh_Revival" class="mw-redirect" title="1904–1905 Welsh Revival">1904–1905 Welsh Revival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_in_Wales#Disestablishment" title="Church in Wales">Disestablishment of Church in Wales</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-size:105%;line-height:1.6;"> <a href="/wiki/Art_of_Wales" class="mw-redirect" title="Art of Wales">Art</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Literature_of_Wales" class="mw-redirect" title="Literature of Wales">Literature</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Welsh-language_literature" title="Welsh-language literature">in Welsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_literature_in_English" title="Welsh literature in English">in English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_Welsh_literature" title="Medieval Welsh literature">Medieval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Welsh_language_authors" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Welsh language authors">Authors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Welsh_language_poets_(6th_century_to_c.1600)" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Welsh language poets (6th century to c.1600)">Poets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_Wales" title="Theatre of Wales">Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_historical_documents" class="mw-redirect" title="Welsh historical documents">Welsh historical documents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh-language_comics" title="Welsh-language comics">Welsh-language comics</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Wales" title="Music of Wales">Music</a> and performing arts</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_Wales" title="Theatre of Wales">Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_folk_music" title="Welsh folk music">Welsh folk music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_dance" title="Welsh dance">Welsh dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_stepdance" title="Welsh stepdance">Welsh stepdance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cerdd_Dant" title="Cerdd Dant">Cerdd Dant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crwth" title="Crwth">Crwth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cymanfa_Ganu" title="Cymanfa Ganu">Cymanfa Ganu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cynghanedd" title="Cynghanedd">Cynghanedd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9ilidh" class="mw-redirect" title="Céilidh">Noson Lawen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pibgorn_(instrument)" title="Pibgorn (instrument)">Pibgorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabor_(instrument)" title="Tabor (instrument)">Tabwrdd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triple_harp" title="Triple harp">Triple harp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twmpath" title="Twmpath">Twmpath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_bagpipes" title="Welsh bagpipes">Welsh bagpipes</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Media_in_Wales" class="mw-redirect" title="Media in Wales">Media</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radio_in_Wales" title="Radio in Wales">Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Wales" title="Television in Wales">Television</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cinema</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Wales" title="Sport in Wales">Sport</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bando_(sport)" title="Bando (sport)">Bando</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boxing_in_Wales" title="Boxing in Wales">Boxing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cnapan" title="Cnapan">Cnapan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cricket_in_Wales" title="Cricket in Wales">Cricket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Football_in_Wales" title="Football in Wales">Football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golf_in_Wales" title="Golf in Wales">Golf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horse_racing_in_Wales" title="Horse racing in Wales">Horse Racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Baseball" class="mw-redirect" title="Welsh Baseball">Pel-Fas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_handball" title="Welsh handball">Pêl-Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_league_in_Wales" title="Rugby league in Wales">Rugby League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_Wales" title="Rugby union in Wales">Rugby Union</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Monuments</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Wales" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Wales">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Symbols_of_Wales" class="mw-redirect" title="Symbols of Wales">Symbols</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Wales" title="Flag of Wales">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Wales" class="mw-redirect" title="Coat of arms of Wales">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_anthem_of_Wales" class="mw-redirect" title="National anthem of Wales">National anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Saint_David" title="Flag of Saint David">Flag of Saint David</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Welsh_flags" title="List of Welsh flags">Other flags</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Dragon" title="Welsh Dragon">Welsh Dragon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_heraldry" title="Welsh heraldry">Welsh heraldry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_cross" title="Celtic cross">Celtic cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_knot" title="Celtic knot">Celtic knot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Welsh_inventions_and_discoveries" title="List of Welsh inventions and discoveries">Inventions and discoveries</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_Wales.svg/16px-Flag_of_Wales.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_Wales.svg/24px-Flag_of_Wales.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_Wales.svg/32px-Flag_of_Wales.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Wales" title="Portal:Wales">Wales portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks collapsible collapsed" style="width:auto"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title adr" style="background:#ccccff;font-size:110%"><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Cinema of the United Kingdom"><i>Cinema of the</i><br /><big class="country-name">United Kingdom</big></a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:United_Kingdom_film_clapperboard.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/United_Kingdom_film_clapperboard.svg/100px-United_Kingdom_film_clapperboard.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/United_Kingdom_film_clapperboard.svg/150px-United_Kingdom_film_clapperboard.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/United_Kingdom_film_clapperboard.svg/200px-United_Kingdom_film_clapperboard.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="114" data-file-height="97" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ccccff; border-top: 2px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid white"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films" class="mw-redirect" title="List of British films">List of British films</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ccccff; border-top: 2px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid white"> <a href="/wiki/British_horror_cinema" title="British horror cinema">British horror</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ccccff; border-top: 2px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid white"> <i><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_before_1920" title="List of British films before 1920">1888–1919</a></i></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ccccff; border-top: 2px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid white"> <i> 1920s</i></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1920" title="List of British films of 1920">1920</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1921" title="List of British films of 1921">1921</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1922" title="List of British films of 1922">1922</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1923" title="List of British films of 1923">1923</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1924" title="List of British films of 1924">1924</a><br /><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1925" title="List of British films of 1925">1925</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1926" title="List of British films of 1926">1926</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1927" title="List of British films of 1927">1927</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1928" title="List of British films of 1928">1928</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1929" title="List of British films of 1929">1929</a></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ccccff; border-top: 2px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid white"> <i>1930s</i></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1930" title="List of British films of 1930">1930</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1931" title="List of British films of 1931">1931</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1932" title="List of British films of 1932">1932</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1933" title="List of British films of 1933">1933</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1934" title="List of British films of 1934">1934</a><br /><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1935" title="List of British films of 1935">1935</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1936" title="List of British films of 1936">1936</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1937" title="List of British films of 1937">1937</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1938" title="List of British films of 1938">1938</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1939" title="List of British films of 1939">1939</a></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ccccff; border-top: 2px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid white"> <i>1940s</i></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1940" title="List of British films of 1940">1940</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1941" title="List of British films of 1941">1941</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1942" title="List of British films of 1942">1942</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1943" title="List of British films of 1943">1943</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1944" title="List of British films of 1944">1944</a><br /><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1945" title="List of British films of 1945">1945</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1946" title="List of British films of 1946">1946</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1947" title="List of British films of 1947">1947</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1948" title="List of British films of 1948">1948</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1949" title="List of British films of 1949">1949</a></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ccccff; border-top: 2px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid white"> <i>1950s</i></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1950" title="List of British films of 1950">1950</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1951" title="List of British films of 1951">1951</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1952" title="List of British films of 1952">1952</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1953" title="List of British films of 1953">1953</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1954" title="List of British films of 1954">1954</a><br /><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1955" title="List of British films of 1955">1955</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1956" title="List of British films of 1956">1956</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1957" title="List of British films of 1957">1957</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1958" title="List of British films of 1958">1958</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1959" title="List of British films of 1959">1959</a></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ccccff; border-top: 2px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid white"> <i>1960s</i></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1960" title="List of British films of 1960">1960</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1961" title="List of British films of 1961">1961</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1962" title="List of British films of 1962">1962</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1963" title="List of British films of 1963">1963</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1964" title="List of British films of 1964">1964</a><br /><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1965" title="List of British films of 1965">1965</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1966" title="List of British films of 1966">1966</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1967" title="List of British films of 1967">1967</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1968" title="List of British films of 1968">1968</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1969" title="List of British films of 1969">1969</a></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ccccff; border-top: 2px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid white"> <i>1970s</i></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1970" title="List of British films of 1970">1970</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1971" title="List of British films of 1971">1971</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1972" title="List of British films of 1972">1972</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1973" title="List of British films of 1973">1973</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1974" title="List of British films of 1974">1974</a><br /><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1975" title="List of British films of 1975">1975</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1976" title="List of British films of 1976">1976</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1977" title="List of British films of 1977">1977</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1978" title="List of British films of 1978">1978</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1979" title="List of British films of 1979">1979</a></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ccccff; border-top: 2px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid white"> <i>1980s</i></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1980" title="List of British films of 1980">1980</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1981" title="List of British films of 1981">1981</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1982" title="List of British films of 1982">1982</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1983" title="List of British films of 1983">1983</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1984" title="List of British films of 1984">1984</a><br /><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1985" title="List of British films of 1985">1985</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1986" title="List of British films of 1986">1986</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1987" title="List of British films of 1987">1987</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1988" title="List of British films of 1988">1988</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1989" title="List of British films of 1989">1989</a></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ccccff; border-top: 2px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid white"> <i>1990s</i></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1990" title="List of British films of 1990">1990</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1991" title="List of British films of 1991">1991</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1992" title="List of British films of 1992">1992</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1993" title="List of British films of 1993">1993</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1994" title="List of British films of 1994">1994</a><br /><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1995" title="List of British films of 1995">1995</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1996" title="List of British films of 1996">1996</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1997" title="List of British films of 1997">1997</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1998" title="List of British films of 1998">1998</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_1999" title="List of British films of 1999">1999</a></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ccccff; border-top: 2px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid white"> <i>2000s</i></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_2000" title="List of British films of 2000">2000</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_2001" title="List of British films of 2001">2001</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_2002" title="List of British films of 2002">2002</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_2003" title="List of British films of 2003">2003</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_2004" title="List of British films of 2004">2004</a><br /><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_2005" title="List of British films of 2005">2005</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_2006" title="List of British films of 2006">2006</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_2007" title="List of British films of 2007">2007</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_2008" title="List of British films of 2008">2008</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_2009" title="List of British films of 2009">2009</a></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ccccff; border-top: 2px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid white"> <i>2010s</i></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_2010" title="List of British films of 2010">2010</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_2011" title="List of British films of 2011">2011</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_2012" title="List of British films of 2012">2012</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_2013" title="List of British films of 2013">2013</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_2014" title="List of British films of 2014">2014</a><br /><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_2015" title="List of British films of 2015">2015</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_2016" title="List of British films of 2016">2016</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_2017" title="List of British films of 2017">2017</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_2018" title="List of British films of 2018">2018</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_2019" title="List of British films of 2019">2019</a></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ccccff; border-top: 2px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid white"> <i>2020s</i></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_2020" title="List of British films of 2020">2020</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_2021" title="List of British films of 2021">2021</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_2022" title="List of British films of 2022">2022</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_2023" title="List of British films of 2023">2023</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_British_films_of_2024" title="List of British films of 2024">2024</a></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ccccff; border-top: 2px solid white; border-bottom: 2px solid white"> <i>By Country</i></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Northern_Ireland" title="Cinema of Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Scotland" title="Cinema of Scotland">Scotland</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Wales</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:British_film_list" title="Template:British film list"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:British_film_list" title="Template talk:British film list"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:British_film_list" title="Special:EditPage/Template:British film list"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>cinema of Wales</b> comprises the art of film and creative movies made in <a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a> or by <a href="/wiki/Welsh_people" title="Welsh people">Welsh</a> filmmakers either locally or abroad. Welsh cinema began in the late-19th century, led by Welsh-based director William Haggar. Wales continued to produce film of varying quality throughout the 20th century, in both the <a href="/wiki/Welsh_language" title="Welsh language">Welsh</a> and <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English languages</a>, though indigenous production was curtailed through a lack of infrastructure and finance, which prevented the growth of the industry nationally. Despite this, Wales has been represented in all fields of the film making process, producing actors and directors of note. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_Wales&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Origins_and_early_history">Origins and early history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_Wales&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Origins and early history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a> has a long film making history, with the first films shot in 1896, just a year after the development of the <a href="/wiki/Auguste_and_Louis_Lumi%C3%A8re" title="Auguste and Louis Lumière">Lumières'</a> <a href="/wiki/Cinematograph" title="Cinematograph">cinematographe</a>. The first known film to be recorded in Wales was by American <a href="/wiki/Birt_Acres" title="Birt Acres">Birt Acres</a> featuring a royal visit to <a href="/wiki/Cardiff" title="Cardiff">Cardiff</a> by the Prince of Wales, later <a href="/wiki/Edward_VII_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward VII of the United Kingdom">Edward VII</a>. The film was later shown at the Great Fine Art, Industrial and Maritime Exhibition in Cardiff's <a href="/wiki/Cathays_Park" title="Cathays Park">Cathays Park</a> in June 1896.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC_52_Facts_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC_52_Facts-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Indigenous film production began in 1898, when <a href="/wiki/Rhyl" title="Rhyl">Rhyl</a> based <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Cheetham" title="Arthur Cheetham">Arthur Cheetham</a> began recording silent 'short' films of local events. His first film was shown in January 1898 of children playing on Rhyl sands.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC_52_Facts_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC_52_Facts-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Children_playing_on_Rhyl_Sands.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Children_playing_on_Rhyl_Sands.jpg/250px-Children_playing_on_Rhyl_Sands.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Children_playing_on_Rhyl_Sands.jpg/375px-Children_playing_on_Rhyl_Sands.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Children_playing_on_Rhyl_Sands.jpg/500px-Children_playing_on_Rhyl_Sands.jpg 2x" data-file-width="708" data-file-height="513" /></a><figcaption>Still from children playing on Rhyl Sands (1898)</figcaption></figure> <p>The first Wales based film-maker of enduring stature was <a href="/wiki/William_Haggar" title="William Haggar">William Haggar</a>, who made over 30 fiction films between 1901 and 1908.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Haggar's work received a worldwide audience mainly through the <a href="/wiki/Gaumont_Film_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaumont Film Company">Gaumont</a> and <a href="/wiki/Charles_Urban_Trading_Company" title="Charles Urban Trading Company">Urban</a> companies.<sup id="cite_ref-Davies282_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Davies282-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Haggar's most notable film was <i><a href="/wiki/Desperate_Poaching_Affray" title="Desperate Poaching Affray">Desperate Poaching Affray</a></i> (1903) which is recognised for its violence, iconoclasm and progressive editing. The film, along with Frank Mottorshaw's <i><a href="/wiki/A_Daring_Daylight_Burglary" title="A Daring Daylight Burglary">A Daring Daylight Burglary</a></i> and Edwin Stanton Porter's <i><a href="/wiki/The_Great_Train_Robbery_(1903_film)" title="The Great Train Robbery (1903 film)">The Great Train Robbery</a></i>, has in the early Twenty-first century, been credited with influencing the chase subgenre of American films.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other extant pre–Great War films to be shot in Wales were made by film-makers from outside the country. These included the British Biograph Company's film <i>Conway Castle</i> (1898) and Charles Urban Company's <i>Wales, England: Land of Castles and Waterfalls</i> (1907).<sup id="cite_ref-BBC_Culture_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC_Culture-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/1906_British_Home_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="1906 British Home Championship">1906 British Home Championship</a> encounter between Wales and Ireland at Wrexham was filmed by Blackburn firm Mitchell and Keynon, and is now the oldest surviving film of an international football match.<sup id="cite_ref-Davies282_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Davies282-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While the oldest footage of any football match is the 1898 film by Arthur Cheetham, <i>Blackburn Rovers v West Bromwich Albion</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC_52_Facts_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC_52_Facts-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the first few decades of Welsh cinema Wales was at the height of an industrial revolution, but there is little sense of the industrial landscape or life captured in the early silent movies taken within the country. Visiting companies, such as <a href="/wiki/Edison_Studios" title="Edison Studios">Edison</a> and <a href="/wiki/British_and_Colonial_Films" title="British and Colonial Films">British and Colonial</a> tended to favour filming in rural Wales.<sup id="cite_ref-Davies282_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Davies282-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1914_to_1980">1914 to 1980</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_Wales&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 1914 to 1980"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Much of the cinema of Wales in the later 1910s and 1920s has been lost. In 1920 nine films were shot in Wales, all now lost.<sup id="cite_ref-Davies282_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Davies282-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of the most notable and celebrated of the films from this period is <i>A Welsh Singer</i> (1915), adapted from a work by Welsh writer <a href="/wiki/Allen_Raine" title="Allen Raine">Allen Raine</a>, which starred <a href="/wiki/Florence_Turner" title="Florence Turner">Florence Turner</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Davies282_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Davies282-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Henry_Edwards_(actor)" title="Henry Edwards (actor)">Henry Edwards</a> who directed <i>A Welsh Singer</i>, also created the 1930 film <i>Aylwin</i>, from the novel by <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Watts-Dunton" title="Theodore Watts-Dunton">Theodore Watts-Dunton</a>, drawing into the world of gypsies and a mythical, mystical Wales.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC_Culture_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC_Culture-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 1930s saw the first <a href="/wiki/Welsh_language" title="Welsh language">Welsh language</a> film, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Y_Chwarelwr&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Y Chwarelwr (page does not exist)">Y Chwarelwr</a></i> directed by <a href="/wiki/Ifan_ab_Owen_Edwards" title="Ifan ab Owen Edwards">Ifan ab Owen Edwards</a> in 1935. The decade also saw two important <a href="/wiki/Agitprop" title="Agitprop">agitprop</a> documentaries, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Today_We_Live_(1937_film)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Today We Live (1937 film) (page does not exist)">Today We Live</a></i> (1937) set among the unemployed miners of the village of <a href="/wiki/Pentre" title="Pentre">Pentre</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Rhondda" title="Rhondda">Rhondda Valleys</a>, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Donald_Alexander_(director)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Donald Alexander (director) (page does not exist)">Donald Alexander</a>'s <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eastern_Valley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eastern Valley (page does not exist)">Eastern Valley</a></i> (1937). The outbreak of World War II saw the backdrop of a mining valley in Wales being used as the setting for a war propaganda film, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Silent_Village" title="The Silent Village">The Silent Village</a></i> (1943). Designed as a tribute to the mining community of <a href="/wiki/Lidice" title="Lidice">Lidice</a>, Czechoslovakia, which had suffered from Nazi atrocities, <i>The Silent Village</i> transpose the events to a Wales; and was also used to draw analogies with the oppression of the Welsh language.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC_Culture_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC_Culture-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Emlyn_Williams.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Emlyn_Williams.jpg/150px-Emlyn_Williams.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Emlyn_Williams.jpg/225px-Emlyn_Williams.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Emlyn_Williams.jpg/300px-Emlyn_Williams.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3721" data-file-height="4845" /></a><figcaption>Welsh dramatist and director of <i>The Last Days of Dolwyn</i>, Emlyn Williams</figcaption></figure> <p>The coming of the <a href="/wiki/Sound_film" title="Sound film">sound era</a> had little impact on Welsh cinema, though 1938's <a href="/wiki/The_Citadel_(1938_film)" title="The Citadel (1938 film)">The Citadel</a> an adaptation of <a href="/wiki/A._J._Cronin" title="A. J. Cronin">A. J. Cronin</a>'s <a href="/wiki/The_Citadel_(novel)" title="The Citadel (novel)">1937 novel</a> brought Wales to a large audience; though <a href="/wiki/King_Vidor" title="King Vidor">King Vidor</a>'s interpretation failed to express the novel's political message.<sup id="cite_ref-Davies282_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Davies282-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first Hollywood 'talkie' to be set in Wales was James Whale's <i><a href="/wiki/The_Old_Dark_House_(1932_film)" title="The Old Dark House (1932 film)">The Old Dark House</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC_52_Facts_3_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC_52_Facts_3-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The best known films connected to Wales during this period failed to harness Welsh talents, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Proud_Valley" title="The Proud Valley">The Proud Valley</a></i> (1940) and <i><a href="/wiki/How_Green_Was_My_Valley_(film)" title="How Green Was My Valley (film)">How Green Was My Valley</a></i> (1940) were neither directed or adapted for the screen by Welsh people. <a href="/wiki/John_Ford" title="John Ford">John Ford</a>'s How Green Was My Valley is notable for starring just one Welsh actor, <a href="/wiki/Rhys_Williams_(Welsh-American_actor)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhys Williams (Welsh-American actor)">Rhys Williams</a>, and for being shot in the United States. Although John Ford's view of Wales was based on a mythical and romantic view of the industrialised valleys, <a href="/wiki/Jill_Craigie" title="Jill Craigie">Jill Craigie</a>’s <a href="/wiki/Blue_Scar" title="Blue Scar">Blue Scar</a> (1949), part financed by the <a href="/wiki/National_Coal_Board" title="National Coal Board">National Coal Board</a>, raised serious and radical questions about the nationalisation of the coal industry and has striking location photography around south Wales.<sup id="cite_ref-Davies282_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Davies282-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BBC_Culture_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC_Culture-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another release from 1949 to make an important cultural statement was <a href="/wiki/Emlyn_Williams" title="Emlyn Williams">Emlyn Williams</a>' <i><a href="/wiki/The_Last_Days_of_Dolwyn" title="The Last Days of Dolwyn">The Last Days of Dolwyn</a></i>, the plot of which centred on the flooding of a Welsh village to create a reservoir; a subject that became extremely controversial in Wales in the 1960s.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC_Culture_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC_Culture-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The 1950s and 1960s saw the output of two of the country's best documentary makers. <a href="/wiki/Jack_Howells_(director)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jack Howells (director)">Jack Howells</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_Ormond" title="John Ormond">John Ormond</a> dealt primarily with Welsh people and subjects. Howells is best known for his impressionistic, lyrical documentaries that included <i>Nye!</i> (1965) and <i><a href="/wiki/Dylan_Thomas_(film)" title="Dylan Thomas (film)">Dylan Thomas</a></i> (1962). <i>Dylan Thomas</i> is the only Welsh film to have won an Oscar (for <a href="/wiki/35th_Academy_Awards" title="35th Academy Awards">best short documentary</a>), it features Richard Burton as narrator, visiting the haunts of <a href="/wiki/Dylan_Thomas" title="Dylan Thomas">Dylan Thomas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ormond, a poet foremost, is remembered for his sensitive portrayals of writers and authors, and for documentaries concerned with the working class and with refugees, in particular <i>Borrowed Pasture</i> (1960) which follows two Polish ex-soldiers struggling to get by on a <a href="/wiki/Carmarthenshire" title="Carmarthenshire">Carmarthenshire</a> <a href="/wiki/Smallholding" title="Smallholding">smallholding</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The period directly following the end of the Second World War saw political and social commentary disappear from Welsh cinema. The first few decades after the war saw few notable Welsh films; stand out exceptions included <i><a href="/wiki/Tiger_Bay_(1959_film)" title="Tiger Bay (1959 film)">Tiger Bay</a></i> (1959) and <i><a href="/wiki/Only_Two_Can_Play" title="Only Two Can Play">Only Two Can Play</a></i> (1962).<sup id="cite_ref-Davies282_3-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Davies282-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The main problems facing Welsh cinema during this period were a lack of a film production infrastructure, Welsh producers and finance. The fact that Wales was unable to produce films from within its own borders resulted in the stereotyping and common preconceptions of Welsh life formed by 'outside' film-makers.<sup id="cite_ref-Davies283_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Davies283-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of the few beacons of light for the industry came in the late 1970s with the output of left wing producer and director <a href="/wiki/Karl_Francis" title="Karl Francis">Karl Francis</a>; whose controversial portrayal of contemporary life in the south Wales valleys was typified by his 1976 film <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Above_us_the_Earth&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Above us the Earth (page does not exist)">Above us the Earth</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Davies283_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Davies283-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Welsh language films were few, notably the films produced in the 1970s by the Bwrdd Ffilmiau Cymraeg (Welsh Film Board). </p><p>Before the advent of a dedicated channel, <a href="/wiki/BBC_Wales" class="mw-redirect" title="BBC Wales">BBC Wales</a> and its commercial counterpart <a href="/wiki/ITV_Wales_%26_West" title="ITV Wales & West">HTV</a> produced Welsh language programmes for their viewers in Wales. Although this did not include the creation of feature-length films, in the 1970s HTV undertook a venture to <a href="/wiki/Dubbing_(filmmaking)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dubbing (filmmaking)">dub</a> existing movies into Welsh. Their first attempt was George Stevens' 1953 Western, <i><a href="/wiki/Shane_(film)" title="Shane (film)">Shane</a></i>. The result was seen as unintentionally humorous and the experiment was quickly abandoned.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1980_to_1999">1980 to 1999</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_Wales&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 1980 to 1999"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1982 saw the launch of <a href="/wiki/S4C" title="S4C">S4C</a>, a Welsh language television channel, which began producing and funding longer dramas and films in the Welsh and English language. Initial output was poor, but after reassessing its responsibilities in 1986, the company produced films of note, including <i>Boy Soldier</i> (1986) and <i><a href="/wiki/Rhosyn_a_Rhith" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhosyn a Rhith">Rhosyn a Rhith</a></i> (1986), the latter being the first film in the Welsh language to gain a London West End cinema release.<sup id="cite_ref-Davies283_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Davies283-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although the production of Welsh features from S4C was low, it aided the emergence of talented Welsh film-makers, such as <a href="/wiki/Endaf_Emlyn" title="Endaf Emlyn">Endaf Emlyn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marc_Evans" title="Marc Evans">Marc Evans</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Bayly" title="Stephen Bayly">Stephen Bayly</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Davies283_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Davies283-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> S4C's 1995 policy, to produce up to two feature films a year, to be released to cinemas before television transmission allowed Welsh film-makers new opportunities. Yet the reluctance of London-based distributors to handle Welsh language films make it difficult for Welsh films to reach a wider audience.<sup id="cite_ref-Davies283_9-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Davies283-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The early 1990s began with the release of Welsh language film <i><a href="/wiki/Hedd_Wyn_(film)" title="Hedd Wyn (film)">Hedd Wyn</a></i>. It won the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Television_Society" title="Royal Television Society">Royal Television Society</a> Best Drama award and became the first Welsh film to gain a nomination in the <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Foreign_Language_Film" class="mw-redirect" title="Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film">Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film</a>. Despite this it failed to gain a British distributor.<sup id="cite_ref-Davies283_9-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Davies283-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 1990s also saw two important films from Endaf Emlyn, <i><a href="/wiki/Un_Nos_Ola_Leuad" title="Un Nos Ola Leuad">Un Nos Ola Leuad</a></i> (1991) is seen as one of the finest Welsh films made,<sup id="cite_ref-Davies283_9-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Davies283-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while his <i>Gadael Lenin</i> (1993) was voted by viewers at the 1993 London Film Festival as the most popular British film. </p><p>The later 1990s saw three English language films that found a home in mainstream British cinema. The first of the three was Marc Evans' <i><a href="/wiki/House_of_America" title="House of America">House of America</a></i> which drew comparisons to the realism of Karl Francis' work. Then in 1998, <a href="/wiki/Kevin_Allen_(actor)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kevin Allen (actor)">Kevin Allen</a> produced <a href="/wiki/Twin_Town" title="Twin Town">Twin Town</a>, a bawdy comedy satirising the older cultural traditions of Wales. This though was surpassed at the box office by <a href="/wiki/Justin_Kerrigan" title="Justin Kerrigan">Justin Kerrigan</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Human_Traffic" title="Human Traffic">Human Traffic</a></i> (1999), a stylised comedy focusing on the club and drug culture of Cardiff. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2000_to_present">2000 to present</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_Wales&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 2000 to present"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>2000 saw the release of <a href="/wiki/Paul_Morrison_(director)" title="Paul Morrison (director)">Paul Morrison's</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Solomon_%26_Gaenor" title="Solomon & Gaenor">Solomon & Gaenor</a></i>, the second film to be nominated for the foreign language Academy Award. </p><p>Films of note in the early twenty-first century set in Wales include comedies <i><a href="/wiki/House!" title="House!">House!</a></i> (2000) and <i><a href="/wiki/Very_Annie_Mary" title="Very Annie Mary">Very Annie Mary</a></i> (2000), and horror films <i><a href="/wiki/The_Dark_(2005_film)" title="The Dark (2005 film)">The Dark</a></i> (2005) and <i><a href="/wiki/Evil_Aliens" title="Evil Aliens">Evil Aliens</a></i> (2006). In 2009 a biopic of the early relationship between Welsh poet <a href="/wiki/Dylan_Thomas" title="Dylan Thomas">Dylan Thomas</a> and his wife <a href="/wiki/Caitlin_Thomas" title="Caitlin Thomas">Caitlin Macnamara</a> was released entitled <i><a href="/wiki/The_Edge_of_Love" title="The Edge of Love">The Edge of Love</a></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Film_production_and_development">Film production and development</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_Wales&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Film production and development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Despite an improvement in film production in Wales, finance is still an issue, with very few films being created without external funding. <i>House of America</i> took its funding from six different sources while multinationals funded both <i>Twin Town</i> (<a href="/wiki/PolyGram" title="PolyGram">PolyGram</a>) and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Englishman_Who_Went_Up_a_Hill_But_Came_Down_a_Mountain" class="mw-redirect" title="The Englishman Who Went Up a Hill But Came Down a Mountain">The Englishman Who Went Up a Hill But Came Down a Mountain</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Miramax_Films" class="mw-redirect" title="Miramax Films">Miramax</a>). </p><p>Ffilm Cymru Wales is the development agency for Welsh film. It provides funding and training to emerging and established Welsh filmmakers, as well as hosting events that showcase Welsh films.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/BAFTA_Cymru" title="BAFTA Cymru">BAFTA Cymru</a>, established in 1987, is the Welsh branch of the <a href="/wiki/BAFTA" class="mw-redirect" title="BAFTA">British Academy of Film and Television Arts</a>. Bafta Cymru has held an annual awards ceremony since 1991 to recognise achievements in Welsh cinema.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Animation">Animation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_Wales&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Animation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Prior to the formation of S4C in 1982, there was very little work produced in the field of <a href="/wiki/Animation" title="Animation">animation</a> in Wales. The one notable exception being Sid Griffiths' <i><a href="/wiki/Jerry_the_Tyke" title="Jerry the Tyke">Jerry the Tyke</a></i> (1925-1927), a mischievous dog who was used for Pathé cinema news magazines.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Production increased after 1982, with S4C producing the popular children's animation <a href="/wiki/SuperTed" title="SuperTed">SuperTed</a> made by <a href="/wiki/Siriol_Productions" class="mw-redirect" title="Siriol Productions">Siriol Productions</a>. Siriol eventually branched into making feature length animations, including an adaptation of Dylan Thomas' <a href="/wiki/Under_Milk_Wood" title="Under Milk Wood">Under Milk Wood</a> (1992) and a joint venture with Hungarian company <a href="/wiki/Pann%C3%B3niaFilm" class="mw-redirect" title="PannóniaFilm">PannóniaFilm</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Princess_and_the_Goblin_(film)" title="The Princess and the Goblin (film)">The Princess and the Goblin</a> (1992). </p><p>The opportunities afforded by S4C's animation unit encouraged an influx of talented British artists into Wales.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The best known of this group of animators was <a href="/wiki/Joanna_Quinn" title="Joanna Quinn">Joanna Quinn</a>, who gained an <a href="/wiki/70th_Academy_Awards" title="70th Academy Awards">Oscar nomination in 1998</a> for <i><a href="/wiki/Famous_Fred" title="Famous Fred">Famous Fred</a></i>, and produced one of the segments of <i>The Canterbury Tales</i>, which was <a href="/wiki/71st_Academy_Awards" title="71st Academy Awards">Oscar nominated the year after</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Welsh_film_directors">Welsh film directors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_Wales&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Welsh film directors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Wales has produced film directors of quality throughout its history, though those that have found success have more often needed to leave Wales to gain recognition. Although based in Wales neither Cheetham or Haggar were Welsh born, similar for <a href="/wiki/Sidney_Northcote" title="Sidney Northcote">Sidney Northcote</a> who in 1912 produced a number of short films shot on location in Wales and Cornwall, based on Welsh and Cornish myths and tales, including <i>The Pedlar of Penmaenmawr</i>, <i>The Witch of the Welsh Mountains</i> and <i>The Belle of Bettwys-y-Coed</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Welsh-born directors who have gained international recognition include <a href="/wiki/Richard_Marquand" title="Richard Marquand">Richard Marquand</a>, (<i><a href="/wiki/Return_of_the_Jedi" title="Return of the Jedi">Return of the Jedi</a></i>), <a href="/wiki/Peter_Greenaway" title="Peter Greenaway">Peter Greenaway</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Drowning_by_Numbers" title="Drowning by Numbers">Drowning by Numbers</a></i>) and <a href="/wiki/Terry_Jones" title="Terry Jones">Terry Jones</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Erik_the_Viking" title="Erik the Viking">Erik the Viking</a></i>). Two of the more notable directors from Wales who have retained a strong connection with the culture of Wales are Karl Francis, who for two decades was the most powerful, distinctive and combative voice in Welsh film-making;<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Weeks" title="Stephen Weeks">Stephen Weeks</a> whose commercial features look back to a medieval or imperialist past, or a misty Celtic world.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Francis' work is embedded in a realistic exploration of Wales, its language and identity, in films such as <i>Milwr Bychan</i> (Boy Soldier) and <i>The Mouse and the Women</i>. Weeks came to prominence after directing <a href="/wiki/I,_Monster" title="I, Monster">I, Monster</a>, an adaptation of <i>Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde</i> starring Christopher Lee and Peter Cushing. Weeks would later film two versions of the <a href="/wiki/Arthurian" class="mw-redirect" title="Arthurian">Arthurian</a> myth of <i><a href="/wiki/Gawain_and_the_Green_Knight" class="mw-redirect" title="Gawain and the Green Knight">Gawain and the Green Knight</a></i>. First as <i><a href="/wiki/Gawain_and_the_Green_Knight_(1973_film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gawain and the Green Knight (1973 film)">Gawain and the Green Knight</a></i> (1973) featuring <a href="/wiki/Murray_Head" title="Murray Head">Murray Head</a> in the lead role and again as <i><a href="/wiki/Sword_of_the_Valiant" title="Sword of the Valiant">Sword of the Valiant</a></i> in 1984.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Later Welsh directors, such as <a href="/wiki/Sara_Sugarman" title="Sara Sugarman">Sara Sugarman</a> and Marc Evans made films set in Wales. Welsh director <a href="/wiki/Gareth_Evans_(filmmaker)" title="Gareth Evans (filmmaker)">Gareth Evans</a> lived from 2009 to 2015 in Indonesia, where he made such action movies as <a href="/wiki/The_Raid_(2011_film)" title="The Raid (2011 film)">The Raid</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Welsh_movie_actors">Welsh movie actors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_Wales&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Welsh movie actors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Wales has a long tradition of producing film-actors who have made an impact on the world stage. During the silent period Welsh actors of note included <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jonah_Benford&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jonah Benford (page does not exist)">Jonah Benford</a>, who came to prominence through cinema after starring in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Lodger:_A_Story_of_the_London_Fog" title="The Lodger: A Story of the London Fog">The Lodger</a></i> (1927) and <i><a href="/wiki/Downhill_(1927_film)" title="Downhill (1927 film)">Downhill</a></i> (1927); <a href="/wiki/Gareth_Hughes" title="Gareth Hughes">Gareth Hughes</a>, often cast as a youthful charmer, gained excellent notices for the now-lost <i><a href="/wiki/Sentimental_Tommy" title="Sentimental Tommy">Sentimental Tommy</a></i> (1921) and <a href="/wiki/Lyn_Harding" title="Lyn Harding">Lyn Harding</a>, whose stature and presence made him a sought after villain playing <a href="/wiki/Professor_Moriarty" title="Professor Moriarty">Moriarty</a> in several early <a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes_films" class="mw-redirect" title="Sherlock Holmes films">Sherlock Holmes films</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AnthonyHopkins10TIFF.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/AnthonyHopkins10TIFF.jpg/200px-AnthonyHopkins10TIFF.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="254" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/AnthonyHopkins10TIFF.jpg/300px-AnthonyHopkins10TIFF.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/AnthonyHopkins10TIFF.jpg/400px-AnthonyHopkins10TIFF.jpg 2x" data-file-width="627" data-file-height="795" /></a><figcaption>Welsh actor, <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Hopkins" title="Anthony Hopkins">Anthony Hopkins</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The 1940s saw <a href="/wiki/Rhondda" title="Rhondda">Rhondda</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Donald_Houston" title="Donald Houston">Donald Houston</a> breakthrough in his first two features <i><a href="/wiki/The_Blue_Lagoon_(1949_film)" title="The Blue Lagoon (1949 film)">The Blue Lagoon</a></i> (1949) and <i><a href="/wiki/A_Run_for_Your_Money" title="A Run for Your Money">A Run for Your Money</a></i> (1949). In 1945 <a href="/wiki/Ray_Milland" title="Ray Milland">Ray Milland</a> became the first Welsh actor to win the <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Actor" title="Academy Award for Best Actor">Academy Award for Best Actor</a>, for his role as an alcoholic writer in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Lost_Weekend_(film)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Lost Weekend (film)">The Lost Weekend</a></i>. </p><p>The most significant period for Welsh actors came during the 1950s and 1960s. A new wave of realism entered British acting, and at the forefront came Welsh actors <a href="/wiki/Richard_Burton" title="Richard Burton">Richard Burton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Baker" title="Stanley Baker">Stanley Baker</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rachel_Roberts_(actress)" title="Rachel Roberts (actress)">Rachel Roberts</a>. The period also saw Welsh character actors such as <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Griffith" title="Hugh Griffith">Hugh Griffith</a>, who won the Best Supporting Actor Academy Award for his role in the 1959 version of <i><a href="/wiki/Ben-Hur_(1959_film)" title="Ben-Hur (1959 film)">Ben Hur</a></i>. </p><p>Another famous Welsh actor is <a href="/wiki/Timothy_Dalton" title="Timothy Dalton">Timothy Dalton</a> who portrayed famous secret agent <a href="/wiki/James_Bond" title="James Bond">James Bond</a> twice at the end of the eighties. </p><p>The most distinctive Welsh actor of the 1990s through to the 2000s was <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Hopkins" title="Anthony Hopkins">Anthony Hopkins</a>. Hopkins has appeared in film since the 1960s, starring in Hollywood costume dramas such as <i><a href="/wiki/The_Lion_in_Winter_(1968_film)" title="The Lion in Winter (1968 film)">The Lion in Winter</a></i>. Starring in films as diverse as <a href="/wiki/Richard_Attenborough" title="Richard Attenborough">Richard Attenborough</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Magic_(1978_film)" title="Magic (1978 film)">Magic</a></i> and <a href="/wiki/David_Lynch" title="David Lynch">David Lynch</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/The_Elephant_Man_(film)" title="The Elephant Man (film)">The Elephant Man</a></i>, Hopkins became a Hollywood star after his Academy Award-winning performance as <a href="/wiki/Hannibal_Lecter" title="Hannibal Lecter">Hannibal Lecter</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Silence_of_the_Lambs_(film)" title="The Silence of the Lambs (film)">The Silence of the Lambs</a></i> (1992). Hopkins continued to impress throughout the 1990s with critically acclaimed performances in <i><a href="/wiki/Shadowlands_(1993_film)" title="Shadowlands (1993 film)">Shadowlands</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Remains_of_the_Day_(film)" title="The Remains of the Day (film)">Remains of the Day</a></i>. </p><p>The 1990s produced an abrasive group of Welsh actors, including <a href="/wiki/Rhys_Ifans" title="Rhys Ifans">Rhys Ifans</a> and <a href="/wiki/Matthew_Rhys" title="Matthew Rhys">Matthew Rhys</a>. The 1990s also saw the success of <a href="/wiki/Catherine_Zeta-Jones" title="Catherine Zeta-Jones">Catherine Zeta-Jones</a>, who became one of Hollywood's highest paid stars, appearing alongside <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Banderas" title="Antonio Banderas">Antonio Banderas</a> and Anthony Hopkins in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Mask_of_Zorro" title="The Mask of Zorro">The Mask of Zorro</a></i> and won the <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Supporting_Actress" title="Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress">Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress</a> for <i><a href="/wiki/Chicago_(2002_film)" title="Chicago (2002 film)">Chicago</a></i>. The 2000s are most notable for the emergence of <a href="/wiki/Ioan_Gruffudd" title="Ioan Gruffudd">Ioan Gruffudd</a>, who took the lead role in the 2006 historical drama <i><a href="/wiki/Amazing_Grace_(2006_film)" title="Amazing Grace (2006 film)">Amazing Grace</a></i>, and <a href="/wiki/Michael_Sheen" title="Michael Sheen">Michael Sheen</a> who appeared as <a href="/wiki/Tony_Blair" title="Tony Blair">Tony Blair</a> in <a href="/wiki/Peter_Morgan" title="Peter Morgan">Peter Morgan</a>'s <i>Blair Trilogy</i> and played <a href="/wiki/David_Frost" title="David Frost">David Frost</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/Frost/Nixon_(film)" title="Frost/Nixon (film)">Frost/Nixon</a></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_Wales&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Welsh_films" title="List of Welsh films">List of Welsh films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cinema_of_the_world" title="List of cinema of the world">List of cinema of the world</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Europe" title="Cinema of Europe">Cinema of Europe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Cinema of the United Kingdom">Cinema of the United Kingdom</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wales_One_World_Film_Festival" title="Wales One World Film Festival">Wales One World Film Festival</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_Wales&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-BBC_52_Facts-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BBC_52_Facts_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BBC_52_Facts_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BBC_52_Facts_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/wales/arts/sites/film/pages/52-facts.shtml">"52 Welsh film facts 1-10"</a>. <i>BBC Wales</i>. 5 March 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 February</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+Wales&rft.atitle=52+Welsh+film+facts+1-10&rft.date=2010-03-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fwales%2Farts%2Fsites%2Ffilm%2Fpages%2F52-facts.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACinema+of+Wales" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Davies (2008) p. 281</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Davies282-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Davies282_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Davies282_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Davies282_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Davies282_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Davies282_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Davies282_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Davies282_3-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Davies282_3-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Davies (2008) p. 282</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Davies (2008) p. 211</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBC_Culture-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BBC_Culture_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BBC_Culture_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BBC_Culture_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BBC_Culture_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BBC_Culture_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/wales/arts/sites/film/pages/culture.shtml">"Welsh people and culture in film"</a>. <i>BBC Wales</i>. 27 October 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 February</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+Wales&rft.atitle=Welsh+people+and+culture+in+film&rft.date=2009-10-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fwales%2Farts%2Fsites%2Ffilm%2Fpages%2Fculture.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACinema+of+Wales" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBC_52_Facts_3-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BBC_52_Facts_3_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/wales/arts/sites/film/pages/52-facts-03.shtml">"52 Welsh film facts"</a>. <i>BBC Wales</i>. 5 March 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 February</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+Wales&rft.atitle=52+Welsh+film+facts&rft.date=2010-03-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fwales%2Farts%2Fsites%2Ffilm%2Fpages%2F52-facts-03.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACinema+of+Wales" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Davies (2008) p. 380</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Davies (2008) p. 633</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Davies283-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Davies283_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Davies283_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Davies283_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Davies283_9-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Davies283_9-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Davies283_9-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Davies283_9-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Davies (2008) p. 283</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomas,_Simon2001" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Simon_Thomas_(politician)" title="Simon Thomas (politician)">Thomas, Simon</a> (24 April 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/westminster-hall/2001/apr/24/digital-television">"House of Commons debate: Digital Television"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Hansard" title="Hansard">Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 July</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=European+Association+for+the+Education+of+Adults&rft.atitle=The+role+of+Adult+education+in+preserving+the+identity+of+an+ethnic+minority%3A+the+Welsh+case&rft.date=1991&rft.au=Evans%2C+J.R.P.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eaea.org%2Findex.php%3Fk%3D12068&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACinema+of+Wales" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClark,_Rhodri2007" class="citation web cs1">Clark, Rhodri (31 October 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Could+George+Bush+follow+Shane+as+the+new+'Cymru+cowboyo'%3F-a0170459678">"Could George Bush follow Shane as the new 'Cymru cowboyo'?"</a>. <i>Western Mail</i>. thefreelibrary.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 July</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Western+Mail&rft.atitle=Could+George+Bush+follow+Shane+as+the+new+%27Cymru+cowboyo%27%3F&rft.date=2007-10-31&rft.au=Clark%2C+Rhodri&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thefreelibrary.com%2FCould%2BGeorge%2BBush%2Bfollow%2BShane%2Bas%2Bthe%2Bnew%2B%27Cymru%2Bcowboyo%27%253F-a0170459678&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACinema+of+Wales" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJones,_Gareth_Elwyn1994" class="citation book cs1">Jones, Gareth Elwyn (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=n_vUx1TtH5AC&q=dubbed+welsh+shane&pg=PA218"><i>Modern Wales: A Concise History</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. p. 218. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521469456" title="Special:BookSources/9780521469456"><bdi>9780521469456</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 July</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Modern+Wales%3A+A+Concise+History&rft.pages=218&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=9780521469456&rft.au=Jones%2C+Gareth+Elwyn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dn_vUx1TtH5AC%26q%3Ddubbed%2Bwelsh%2Bshane%26pg%3DPA218&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACinema+of+Wales" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ffilmcymruwales.com/about-us">"About us"</a>. <i>Ffilm Cymru</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ffilm+Cymru&rft.atitle=About+us&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fffilmcymruwales.com%2Fabout-us&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACinema+of+Wales" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bafta.org/awards/cymru-awards">"Cymru Awards"</a>. <i>BAFTA</i>. August 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BAFTA&rft.atitle=Cymru+Awards&rft.date=2014-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bafta.org%2Fawards%2Fcymru-awards&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACinema+of+Wales" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/pressoffice/pressreleases/stories/2002/09_september/19/rhys_ifans.shtml">"Rhys Ifans rejuvenates Jerry the Tyke"</a>. <i>BBC</i>. 9 September 2002<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 February</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC&rft.atitle=Rhys+Ifans+rejuvenates+Jerry+the+Tyke&rft.date=2002-09-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fpressoffice%2Fpressreleases%2Fstories%2F2002%2F09_september%2F19%2Frhys_ifans.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACinema+of+Wales" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Davies (2008) p. 284</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Berry (1996) p. 453</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Berry (1996) p. 376</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Berry (1996) p. 400</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Berry (1996) pp. 404-407</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_Wales&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDaviesJenkinsMennaLynch2008" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Davies_(historian)" title="John Davies (historian)">Davies, John</a>; <a href="/wiki/Nigel_Jenkins" title="Nigel Jenkins">Jenkins, Nigel</a>; Menna, Baines; Lynch, Peredur I., eds. (2008). <i>The Welsh Academy Encyclopaedia of Wales</i>. Cardiff: University of Wales Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7083-1953-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7083-1953-6"><bdi>978-0-7083-1953-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Welsh+Academy+Encyclopaedia+of+Wales&rft.place=Cardiff&rft.pub=University+of+Wales+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-7083-1953-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACinema+of+Wales" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerry1996" class="citation book cs1">Berry, David (1996). <i>Wales and Cinema, The First Hundred Years</i>. Cardiff: University of Wales Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7083-1370-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-7083-1370-1"><bdi>0-7083-1370-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Wales+and+Cinema%2C+The+First+Hundred+Years&rft.place=Cardiff&rft.pub=University+of+Wales+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0-7083-1370-1&rft.aulast=Berry&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACinema+of+Wales" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinema_of_Wales&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061205232125/http://screenandsound.llgc.org.uk/001.htm">The National Screen and Sound Archive of Wales</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://player.bfi.org.uk/britain-on-film">https://player.bfi.org.uk/britain-on-film</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 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.navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Economy_of_Wales" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Economy_of_Wales" title="Template:Economy of Wales"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Economy_of_Wales" title="Template talk:Economy of Wales"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Economy_of_Wales" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Economy of Wales"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Economy_of_Wales" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Wales" title="Economy of Wales">Economy of Wales</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_Wales" title="Economic history of Wales">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Economy of the United Kingdom">Economy of the United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:centre">Companies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_Wales" title="List of companies of Wales">List of companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State-owned_enterprises_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="State-owned enterprises of the United Kingdom">State-owned companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Companies_Court" title="Companies Court">Companies Court</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:centre"><a href="/wiki/Banking_and_finance_in_Wales" title="Banking and finance in Wales">Finance</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_fiscal_balance" title="Welsh fiscal balance">Welsh fiscal balance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_Wales" title="Taxation in Wales">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Business_rates_in_Wales" title="Business rates in Wales">Business rates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banking_and_finance_in_Wales" title="Banking and finance in Wales">Banking and finance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_banks_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of banks in the United Kingdom">List of banks</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:centre"><a href="/wiki/Banking_and_finance_in_Wales" title="Banking and finance in Wales">Banking</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Wales</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banc_Cambria" title="Banc Cambria">Banc Cambria</a> (proposed)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Development_Bank_of_Wales" title="Development Bank of Wales">Development Bank of Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hodge_Bank" title="Hodge Bank">Hodge Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monmouthshire_Building_Society" title="Monmouthshire Building Society">Monmouthshire Building Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_Building_Society" title="Principality Building Society">Principality Building Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swansea_Building_Society" title="Swansea Building Society">Swansea Building Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Defunct_banks_of_Wales" title="Category:Defunct banks of Wales">Defunct banks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">UK-wide</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_England" title="Bank of England">Bank of England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Mint" title="Royal Mint">Royal Mint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_banks_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of banks in the United Kingdom">Other commercial banks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:centre">Policy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">UK-wide</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pound_sterling" title="Pound sterling">Currency</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banknotes_of_the_pound_sterling" title="Banknotes of the pound sterling">Banknotes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_England" title="Bank of England">Bank of England</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_the_Bank_of_England" title="Governor of the Bank of England">Governor of the Bank of England</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Taxation in the United Kingdom">UK-wide Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barnett_formula" title="Barnett formula">Barnett formula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budget_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Budget of the United Kingdom">UK Budget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_company_law" title="United Kingdom company law">Company law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Competition_and_Markets_Authority" title="Competition and Markets Authority">Competition and Markets Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_for_Business_and_Trade" title="Department for Business and Trade">Department for Business and Trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_Conduct_Authority" title="Financial Conduct Authority">Financial Conduct Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilt-edged_securities" title="Gilt-edged securities">Gilts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HM_Revenue_%26_Customs" class="mw-redirect" title="HM Revenue & Customs">HM Revenue & Customs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HM_Treasury" title="HM Treasury">HM Treasury</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chancellor_of_the_Exchequer" title="Chancellor of the Exchequer">Chancellor of the Exchequer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debt_Management_Office_(United_Kingdom)" title="Debt Management Office (United Kingdom)">Debt Management Office</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monetary_Policy_Committee_(United_Kingdom)" title="Monetary Policy Committee (United Kingdom)">Monetary Policy Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_for_Budget_Responsibility" title="Office for Budget Responsibility">Office for Budget Responsibility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UK_Statistics_Authority" title="UK Statistics Authority">UK Statistics Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UK_Trade_%26_Investment" title="UK Trade & Investment">UK Trade & Investment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortgages_in_English_law" title="Mortgages in English law">Mortgages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_property_law" title="English property law">Property law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_land_law" title="English land law">Land law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_torts_in_English_law" title="Economic torts in English law">Economic torts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Business_ownership_within_England_and_Wales" title="Business ownership within England and Wales">Business ownership</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Wales-specific</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_devolved_matters_in_Wales" class="mw-redirect" title="List of devolved matters in Wales">Devolved policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Government" title="Welsh Government">Welsh Government</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minister_for_the_Economy_(Wales)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister for the Economy (Wales)">Minister for the Economy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Revenue_Authority" title="Welsh Revenue Authority">Welsh Revenue Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audit_Wales" title="Audit Wales">Audit Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auditor_General_for_Wales" title="Auditor General for Wales">Auditor General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Development_Agency" title="Welsh Development Agency">Welsh Development Agency</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Technium" title="Technium">Technium</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:centre">Localised</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Regional_economy_in_Wales" title="Regional economy in Wales">Regional economic deals</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cardiff_Capital_Region" title="Cardiff Capital Region">Cardiff Capital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mid_Wales#Growth_deal" title="Mid Wales">Mid Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambition_North_Wales" title="Ambition North Wales">North Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swansea_Bay_City_Region" title="Swansea Bay City Region">Swansea Bay</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Cardiff" title="Economy of Cardiff">Economy of Cardiff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Swansea" title="Economy of Swansea">Economy of Swansea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M4_corridor" title="M4 corridor">M4 corridor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Wales" title="Tourism in Wales">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Wales" title="Transport in Wales">Transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:centre">People<br />and labour</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Welsh_inventors" title="List of Welsh inventors">Inventors</a></li> <li>Business schools <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cardiff_Business_School" title="Cardiff Business School">Cardiff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Wales_Business_School" title="South Wales Business School">South Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swansea_Business_School" title="Swansea Business School">Swansea</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Wales" title="Demographics of Wales">Demography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_labour_law" title="United Kingdom labour law">UK Labour law</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_employment_equality_law" title="United Kingdom employment equality law">UK equality law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Minimum_Wage_Act_1998" title="National Minimum Wage Act 1998">UK Minimum wage</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pensions_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Pensions in the United Kingdom">Pensions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_unions_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Trade unions in the United Kingdom">Trades unions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trades_Union_Congress" title="Trades Union Congress">Trades Union Congress</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unemployment_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Unemployment in the United Kingdom">Unemployment</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:centre">Sectors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Welsh_innovations_and_discoveries" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Welsh innovations and discoveries">Innovations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Wales" title="Energy in Wales">Energy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_Wales" title="Renewable energy in Wales">Renewable energy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_in_Wales" title="Mining in Wales">Mining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_and_drink_industry_of_Wales" title="Food and drink industry of Wales">Food and drink</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_cuisine" title="Welsh cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_beer" class="mw-redirect" title="Welsh beer">Beer</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_privatisation_in_England_and_Wales" title="Water privatisation in England and Wales">Water privatisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Wales" title="Agriculture in Wales">Agriculture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sheep_farming_in_Wales" title="Sheep farming in Wales">Sheep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry_in_Wales" title="Fishing industry in Wales">Fishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woollen_industry_in_Wales" title="Woollen industry in Wales">Wool</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manufacturing_in_Wales" title="Manufacturing in Wales">Manufacturing</a></li> <li>Materials <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Forestry_in_Wales" title="Forestry in Wales">Forestry</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Forest_for_Wales" title="National Forest for Wales">Re-forestation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_in_Wales" title="Mining in Wales">Mining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coal_industry_in_Wales" title="Coal industry in Wales">Coal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slate_industry_in_Wales" title="Slate industry in Wales">Slate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Slate_industry_in_the_Nantlle_Valley" title="Slate industry in the Nantlle Valley">Nantlle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slate_operations_on_the_Welsh_Highland_Railway" title="Slate operations on the Welsh Highland Railway">WHR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Slate_mines_in_Wales" title="Category:Slate mines in Wales">Mines</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ironworks_in_Wales" title="List of ironworks in Wales">Ironworks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Wales" title="Education in Wales">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_Wales" title="Science and technology in Wales">Science and technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_in_Wales" class="mw-redirect" title="Media in Wales">Media</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Wales" title="Music of Wales">Music</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Wales" title="Healthcare in Wales">Healthcare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Housing_and_construction_in_Wales" title="Housing and construction in Wales">Housing and construction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Wales" title="Architecture of Wales">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_supermarket_chains_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of supermarket chains in the United Kingdom">Supermarkets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Wales" title="Tourism in Wales">Tourism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Visit_Wales" title="Visit Wales">Visit Wales</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Wales" title="Transport in Wales">Transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:centre">Theory</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Economic impacts <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom">COVID-19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_effects_of_Brexit" title="Economic effects of Brexit">Brexit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_recessions_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="List of recessions in the United Kingdom">Recessions</a></li></ul></li> <li>Economic autonomy <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Full_fiscal_autonomy_for_Scotland_and_Wales" title="Full fiscal autonomy for Scotland and Wales">Full fiscal autonomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_independence#Fiscal_balance" title="Welsh independence">Full independence</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_dividend" title="Union dividend">Union dividend</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Economy_of_Wales" title="Category:Economy of Wales">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="World_cinema" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:World_cinema" title="Template:World cinema"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:World_cinema" title="Template talk:World cinema"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:World_cinema" title="Special:EditPage/Template:World cinema"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="World_cinema" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/World_cinema" title="World cinema">World cinema</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_cinema" title="National cinema">National cinema</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Africa" title="Cinema of Africa">Africa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Northern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Algeria" title="Cinema of Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Egypt" title="Cinema of Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Libya" title="Cinema of Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Morocco" title="Cinema of Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Tunisia" title="Cinema of Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eastern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Djibouti" title="Cinema of Djibouti">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Eritrea" title="Cinema of Eritrea">Eritrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Ethiopia" title="Cinema of Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Kenya" title="Cinema of Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Madagascar" title="Cinema of Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Mauritius" title="Cinema of Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Somalia" title="Cinema of Somalia">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_South_Sudan" title="Cinema of South Sudan">South Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Sudan" title="Cinema of Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Tanzania" title="Cinema of Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Uganda" title="Cinema of Uganda">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Zambia" title="Cinema of Zambia">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Zimbabwe" title="Cinema of Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Western</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Benin" title="Cinema of Benin">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Burkina_Faso" title="Cinema of Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Cape_Verde" title="Cinema of Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Ghana" title="Cinema of Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Liberia" title="Cinema of Liberia">Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Niger" title="Cinema of Niger">Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Nigeria" title="Cinema of Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Senegal" title="Cinema of Senegal">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Togo" title="Cinema of Togo">Togo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Central</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Angola" title="Cinema of Angola">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Cameroon" title="Cinema of Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_Central_African_Republic" title="Cinema of the Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Chad" title="Cinema of Chad">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Cinema of the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Congo DR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Gabon" title="Cinema of Gabon">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="Cinema of São Tomé and Príncipe">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Southern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Botswana" title="Cinema of Botswana">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Namibia" title="Cinema of Namibia">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_South_Africa" title="Cinema of South Africa">South Africa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Asia" title="Cinema of Asia">Asia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_cinema" class="mw-redirect" title="East Asian cinema">Eastern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_China" title="Cinema of China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Hong_Kong" title="Cinema of Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Japan" title="Cinema of Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Korea" title="Cinema of Korea">Korea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_North_Korea" title="Cinema of North Korea">North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_South_Korea" title="Cinema of South Korea">South</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Mongolia" title="Cinema of Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Taiwan" title="Cinema of Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/South_Asian_cinema" title="South Asian cinema">Southern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Bangladesh" title="Cinema of Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Bhutan" title="Cinema of Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_India" title="Cinema of India">India</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assamese_cinema" title="Assamese cinema">Assamese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_cinema,_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Bengali cinema, India">Bengali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhojpuri_cinema" title="Bhojpuri cinema">Bhojpuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chhattisgarhi_cinema" title="Chhattisgarhi cinema">Chhattisgarhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deccani_film_industry" title="Deccani film industry">Deccani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dogri_cinema" title="Dogri cinema">Dogri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gujarati_cinema" title="Gujarati cinema">Gujarati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haryanvi_cinema" title="Haryanvi cinema">Haryanvi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindi_cinema" title="Hindi cinema">Hindi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kannada_cinema" title="Kannada cinema">Kannada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashmiri_cinema" title="Kashmiri cinema">Kashmiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khasi_cinema" title="Khasi cinema">Khasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konkani_cinema" title="Konkani cinema">Konkani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malayalam_cinema" title="Malayalam cinema">Malayalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meitei_cinema" title="Meitei cinema">Meitei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marathi_cinema" title="Marathi cinema">Marathi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Odisha" title="Cinema of Odisha">Oriya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_cinema" title="Punjabi cinema">Punjabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Rajasthan" title="Cinema of Rajasthan">Rajasthani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanskrit_cinema" title="Sanskrit cinema">Sanskrit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_cinema" title="Tamil cinema">Tamil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telugu_cinema" title="Telugu cinema">Telugu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulu_cinema" title="Tulu cinema">Tulu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Nepal" title="Cinema of Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Pakistan" title="Cinema of Pakistan">Pakistan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lollywood" title="Lollywood">Lollywood</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Cinema of Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asian_cinema" title="Southeast Asian cinema">Southeastern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Burma" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinema of Burma">Burma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Cambodia" title="Cinema of Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Indonesia" title="Cinema of Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Laos" title="Cinema of Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Malaysia" title="Cinema of Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_Philippines" title="Cinema of the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Singapore" title="Cinema of Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Thailand" title="Cinema of Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Vietnam" title="Cinema of Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Central_Asia" title="Cinema of Central Asia">Central</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Afghanistan" title="Cinema of Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Kazakhstan" title="Cinema of Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Kyrgyzstan" title="Cinema of Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Tajikistan" title="Cinema of Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Turkmenistan" title="Cinema of Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Uzbekistan" title="Cinema of Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_West_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinema of West Asia">Western</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Armenia" title="Cinema of Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Azerbaijan" title="Cinema of Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Bahrain" title="Cinema of Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Cyprus" title="Cinema of Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Georgia" title="Cinema of Georgia">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Iran" title="Cinema of Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Iraq" title="Cinema of Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Israel" title="Cinema of Israel">Israel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_cinema" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish cinema">Jewish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Jordan" title="Cinema of Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Kuwait" title="Cinema of Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Lebanon" title="Cinema of Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Oman" title="Cinema of Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Palestine" title="Cinema of Palestine">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Qatar" title="Cinema of Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Cinema of Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Syria" title="Cinema of Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Turkey" title="Cinema of Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Cinema of the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Yemen" title="Cinema of Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Northern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Russia" title="Cinema of Russia">Russia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_Russian_Empire" title="Cinema of the Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Cinema of the Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Europe" title="Cinema of Europe">Europe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eastern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Belarus" title="Cinema of Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Bulgaria" title="Cinema of Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_Czech_Republic" title="Cinema of the Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Hungary" title="Cinema of Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Moldova" title="Cinema of Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Poland" title="Cinema of Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Romania" title="Cinema of Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Russia" title="Cinema of Russia">Russia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_Russian_Empire" title="Cinema of the Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Cinema of the Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Slovakia" title="Cinema of Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Ukraine" title="Cinema of Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Northern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Denmark" title="Cinema of Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Estonia" title="Cinema of Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_Faroe_Islands" title="Cinema of the Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Finland" title="Cinema of Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Iceland" title="Cinema of Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Ireland" title="Cinema of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Latvia" title="Cinema of Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Lithuania" title="Cinema of Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Norway" title="Cinema of Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Sweden" title="Cinema of Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Cinema of the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Northern_Ireland" title="Cinema of Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Scotland" title="Cinema of Scotland">Scotland</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Wales</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Southern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Albania" title="Cinema of Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_films" title="List of Bosnia and Herzegovina films">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Croatia" title="Cinema of Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Greece" title="Cinema of Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Italy" title="Cinema of Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Kosovo" title="Cinema of Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Maltese_films" title="List of Maltese films">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Montenegro" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinema of Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_North_Macedonia" title="Cinema of North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Portugal" title="Cinema of Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Serbia" title="Cinema of Serbia">Serbia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Yugoslavia" title="Cinema of Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Slovenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinema of Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Spain" title="Cinema of Spain">Spain</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_cinema" class="mw-redirect" title="Catalan cinema">Catalonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Galicia" title="Cinema of Galicia">Galicia</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Western</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Austria" title="Cinema of Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Belgium" title="Cinema of Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_France" title="Cinema of France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Germany" title="Cinema of Germany">Germany</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turkish-German_cinema" title="Turkish-German cinema">German Turks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Luxembourg" title="Cinema of Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_Netherlands" title="Cinema of the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Switzerland" title="Cinema of Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/North_American_cinema" class="mw-redirect" title="North American cinema">North</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Canada" title="Cinema of Canada">Canada</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Quebec" title="Cinema of Quebec">Quebec</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Costa_Rica" title="Cinema of Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Cuba" title="Cinema of Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Dominican_Republic_films" title="List of Dominican Republic films">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Haiti" title="Cinema of Haiti">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Jamaica" title="Cinema of Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Mexico" title="Cinema of Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_United_States" title="Cinema of the United States">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Puerto_Rico" title="Cinema of Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_South_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinema of South America">South</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Argentina" title="Cinema of Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Bolivia" title="Cinema of Bolivia">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Brazil" title="Cinema of Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Chile" title="Cinema of Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Colombia" title="Cinema of Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Ecuador" title="Cinema of Ecuador">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Paraguay" title="Cinema of Paraguay">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Peru" title="Cinema of Peru">Peru</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Iquitos" title="Cinema of Iquitos">Iquitos</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Suriname" title="Cinema of Suriname">Suriname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Uruguay" title="Cinema of Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Venezuela" title="Cinema of Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Oceanian_films" title="List of Oceanian films">Oceania</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Australia" title="Cinema of Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Fiji" title="Cinema of Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_New_Zealand" title="Cinema of New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Samoa" title="Cinema of Samoa">Samoa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Intercontinental<br />& transnational</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_cinema" title="Arab cinema">Arab World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balochi_cinema" title="Balochi cinema">Balochi cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_Middle_East" title="Cinema of the Middle East">Middle East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_cinema" title="Kurdish cinema">Kurdish cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_American_cinema" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin American cinema">Latin America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Cinema of the Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Video-x-generic.svg/16px-Video-x-generic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Video-x-generic.svg/24px-Video-x-generic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Video-x-generic.svg/32px-Video-x-generic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Film" title="Portal:Film">Film portal</a></b></li> <li><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg/16px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg/24px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg/32px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="3002" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:World" title="Portal:World">World portal</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Wales_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Wales_topics" title="Template:Wales topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Wales_topics" title="Template talk:Wales topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Wales_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Wales topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Wales_articles" class="adr" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a> articles</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Wales" title="Outline of Wales">List of topics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Wales" title="History of Wales">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Welsh_history" title="Timeline of Welsh history">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Welsh_history" title="Bibliography of Welsh history">Bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Wales" title="Prehistoric Wales">Prehistory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wales_in_the_Roman_era" title="Wales in the Roman era">Roman Era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Anglo-Welsh_wars" title="List of Anglo-Welsh wars">Anglo-Welsh Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wales_in_the_early_Middle_Ages" class="mw-redirect" title="Wales in the early Middle Ages">Early Middle Ages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Gwynedd" title="Kingdom of Gwynedd">Kingdom of Gwynedd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Powys" title="Kingdom of Powys">Kingdom of Powys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deheubarth" title="Deheubarth">Deheubarth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyfraith_Hywel" title="Cyfraith Hywel">Medieval Welsh law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_invasion_of_Wales" title="Norman invasion of Wales">Norman invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conquest_of_Wales_by_Edward_I" title="Conquest of Wales by Edward I">Edwardian conquest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wales_in_the_late_Middle_Ages" class="mw-redirect" title="Wales in the late Middle Ages">Late Middle Ages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statute_of_Rhuddlan" title="Statute of Rhuddlan">Statute of Rhuddlan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glynd%C5%B5r_rebellion" title="Glyndŵr rebellion">Glyndŵr rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laws_in_Wales_Acts_1535_and_1542" title="Laws in Wales Acts 1535 and 1542">Laws in Wales Acts 1535 and 1542</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_settlement_in_the_Americas" title="Welsh settlement in the Americas">Colonies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Wales" title="Geography of Wales">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biodiversity_of_Wales" title="Biodiversity of Wales">Biodiversity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Wales" title="Fauna of Wales">Fauna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_Wales" title="Flora of Wales">Flora</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_Wales" title="Climate of Wales">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geology_of_Wales" title="Geology of Wales">Geology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Wales" title="List of islands of Wales">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_Wales" title="List of lakes of Wales">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_mountains_and_hills_in_the_British_Isles" title="Lists of mountains and hills in the British Isles">Mountains and hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protected_areas_of_Wales" title="Protected areas of Wales">Protected areas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_parks_of_Wales" title="National parks of Wales">National parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Areas_of_Outstanding_Natural_Beauty_in_Wales" title="Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty in Wales">AONBs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Wales" title="List of rivers of Wales">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/England%E2%80%93Wales_border" title="England–Wales border">Wales–England border</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_waterfalls_in_Wales" title="List of waterfalls in Wales">Waterfalls</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Wales" title="Politics of Wales">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Government" title="Welsh Government">Government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Wales" title="Politics of Wales">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_devolution" title="Welsh devolution">Devolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Wales" title="Elections in Wales">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Minister_of_Wales" title="First Minister of Wales">First Minister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Government" title="Welsh Government">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_Wales" title="Local government in Wales">Local government</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_local_government_in_Wales" title="History of local government in Wales">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Wales" title="List of cities in Wales">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayors_in_Wales" title="Mayors in Wales">Mayors</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_in_Wales" title="List of rulers in Wales">Local rulers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_nationalism" title="Welsh nationalism">Nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Wales" title="List of political parties in Wales">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_republicanism" title="Welsh republicanism">Republicanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Wales" title="Secretary of State for Wales">Secretary of State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senedd" title="Senedd">Senedd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unionism_in_Wales" title="Unionism in Wales">Unionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wales_Office" title="Wales Office">Wales Office</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Welsh_law" title="Welsh law">Law</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Counsel_General_for_Wales" title="Counsel General for Wales">Counsel General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courts_of_England_and_Wales" title="Courts of England and Wales">Courts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_law" title="Welsh law">Modern Welsh law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_forces_of_Wales" class="mw-redirect" title="Police forces of Wales">Police forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_forces_in_Wales" title="Armed forces in Wales">British Armed Forces</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Wales" title="Economy of Wales">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Wales" title="Agriculture in Wales">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banking_and_finance_in_Wales" title="Banking and finance in Wales">Banking and finance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coal_industry_in_Wales" title="Coal industry in Wales">Coal mining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_Wales" title="List of companies of Wales">Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forestry_in_Wales" title="Forestry in Wales">Forestry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Housing_and_construction_in_Wales" title="Housing and construction in Wales">Housing and construction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_power_stations_in_Wales" title="List of power stations in Wales">Power stations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slate_industry_in_Wales" title="Slate industry in Wales">Slate quarrying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Wales" title="Tourism in Wales">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Wales" title="Transport in Wales">Transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Wales" title="Category:Society of Wales">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Wales" title="Culture of Wales">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_art" title="Welsh art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_castles_in_Wales" title="List of castles in Wales">Castles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Wales" title="Education in Wales">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eisteddfod" title="Eisteddfod">Eisteddfod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorsedd_Cymru" title="Gorsedd Cymru">Gorsedd Cymru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh-language_literature" title="Welsh-language literature">Literature in Welsh</a> / <a href="/wiki/Welsh_literature_in_English" title="Welsh literature in English">in English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Wales" title="Media of Wales">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Wales" title="Music of Wales">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_in_Wales" title="List of museums in Wales">Museums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_scheduled_monuments_in_Wales" title="Lists of scheduled monuments in Wales">Scheduled monuments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Wales" title="Sport in Wales">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_Wales" title="Theatre of Wales">Theatre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Wales" title="Demographics of Wales">Demographics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Wales" title="Languages of Wales">Languages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Wales" title="Languages of Wales">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_language" title="Welsh language">Welsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_English" title="Welsh English">Welsh English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Sign_Language" title="British Sign Language">British Sign Language</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Welsh_people" title="Welsh people">People</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Welsh_people" title="List of Welsh people">list</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Welsh_people#Actors" title="List of Welsh people">Actors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Welsh_Americans" title="List of Welsh Americans">Welsh Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Welsh_architects" title="List of Welsh architects">Architects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Welsh_artists" title="List of Welsh artists">Artists</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_women_artists_associated_with_Wales" title="List of women artists associated with Wales">Women</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Welsh_inventors" title="List of Welsh inventors">Inventors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Welsh_musicians" title="List of Welsh musicians">Musicians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Welsh-language_poets_(6th_century_to_c._1600)" title="List of Welsh-language poets (6th century to c. 1600)">Poets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Welsh_people#Monarchs_and_princes" title="List of Welsh people">Royalty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Welsh_scientists" title="List of Welsh scientists">Scientists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Welsh_women" title="List of Welsh women">Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Welsh_writers" title="List of Welsh writers">Writers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Welsh-language_authors" title="List of Welsh-language authors">in Welsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Welsh_women_writers" title="List of Welsh women writers">Women</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Health_in_Wales" title="Health in Wales">Health</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_Wales" title="Healthcare in Wales">Healthcare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NHS_Wales" title="NHS Wales">Healthcare service</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Local_health_board" title="Local health board">Boards</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Wales" title="Religion in Wales">Religion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Wales" title="Christianity in Wales">Christianity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Church_in_Wales" title="Church in Wales">Anglicanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_England_and_Wales" title="Catholic Church in England and Wales">Catholicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints_in_Wales" title="The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Wales">Mormonism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_of_Wales" title="Presbyterian Church of Wales">Presbyterianism</a></li></ul></li> <li>Non-Christian belief systems <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith_in_Wales" title="Baháʼí Faith in Wales">Bahá'ís</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Wales" title="Buddhism in Wales">Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinduism_in_Wales" title="Hinduism in Wales">Hinduism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Wales" title="Islam in Wales">Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Wales" title="History of the Jews in Wales">Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Druidry_(modern)" title="Druidry (modern)">Druidry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikhism_in_Wales" title="Sikhism in Wales">Sikhism</a></li></ul></li> <li>History <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saint_David" title="Saint David">Saint David</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Methodist_revival" title="Welsh Methodist revival">Welsh Methodist revival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1904%E2%80%931905_Welsh_revival" title="1904–1905 Welsh revival">1904–1905 Welsh revival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Church_Act_1914" title="Welsh Church Act 1914">Welsh Church Act 1914</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_Wales" title="National symbols of Wales">Symbols</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hen_Wlad_Fy_Nhadau" title="Hen 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